WO2024230925A1 - Shared processing - Google Patents

Abstract

Inter-alia, a method is disclosed comprising: - carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator; - carrying out a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; - determining, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node; - transmitting the service resume indicator to the third access node; and - carrying out the shared processing service in the second cell, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator. It is further disclosed according apparatuses, computer program and system.

Description

SHARED PROCESSING

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

Various examples according to the present disclosure relate to communication networks, such as wireless radio networks comprising base stations and mobile devices, communicating with each other. Specifically, various examples according to the present disclosure relate to systems, apparatuses, and methods in context of shared processing of multicast and broadcast transmissions.

BACKGROUND

5G systems may have multicast and broadcast services [MBS], which may allow to serve one-to-many use cases. The cellular network may define unicast, broadcast and multicast modes of transmission from gNB to UE. In unicast transmissions, the gNB may transmit the information to a single UE. In broadcast transmission, the gNB may transmit the same information to all the UEs within e.g. the coverage area. In multicast transmission, the information may be transmitted to only a subset of UEs e.g. within the coverage area, e.g. to the UEs which have previously registered for reception of multicast information.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

A brief description of several example aspects of the disclosure follows.

According to a first example aspect, an apparatus is disclosed, the apparatus comprising: means for carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator; means for carrying out a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; means for determining, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node, and wherein the determining the service resume indicator comprises determining whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service resume indicator indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator; means for transmitting the service resume indicator to the third access node, wherein in the case the first service indicator is determined valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is the first service indicator, and in the case the service indicator is determined not valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is a second service indicator; and means for carrying out the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

According to a second example aspect, an apparatus is disclosed, the apparatus comprising: means for providing a cell and a multicast service in the cell; means for receiving a service resume indicator from a user device, indicating that the user device is in an inactive connection state and was carrying out a shared processing service in another cell, wherein the other cell is provided by an access node and wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the service resume indicator further indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator; means for determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, whether a first service indicator is to be obtained; means for, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is the first service indicator; means for, based on determining that the first service indicator is not to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is a second service indicator; means for determining, at least partly based on the service indicator, a shared processing mode for the shared processing service; means for allowing the user device to carry out the shared processing service in the cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises the multicast service provided by the apparatus and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

According to a third example aspect, a method is disclosed, the method comprising: carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service pro-vided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator; carrying out a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; determining, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node, and wherein the determining the service resume indicator comprises determining whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service resume indicator indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator; transmitting the service resume indicator to the third access node, wherein in the case the first service indicator is determined valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is the first service indicator, and in the case the service indicator is determined not valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is a second service indicator; and carrying out the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

According to a fourth example aspect, a method is disclosed, the method comprising: providing a cell and a multicast service in the cell; receiving a service resume indicator from a user device, indicating that the user device is in an inactive connection state and was carrying out a shared processing service in another cell, wherein the other cell is provided by an access node and wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the service resume indicator further indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indica-tor; determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, whether a first service indicator is to be obtained; based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is the first service indicator; based on determining that the first service indicator is not to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is a second service indicator; determining, at least partly based on the service indicator, a shared processing mode for the shared processing service; allowing, at least partly based on the determined shared processing mode, the user device to carry out the shared processing service in the cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises the multicast service provided by the apparatus and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator. According to a fifth example aspect, a computer program product is disclosed, the computer program product comprising instructions, which when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to carry out or control the actions of the method according to the third or fourth example aspect.

According to a sixth example aspect, a tangible storage medium is disclosed, the tangible storage medium comprising the computer program product according to the fifth example aspect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other features will become apparent from the following detailed description considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed solely for purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits, for which reference should be made to the appended claims. It should be further understood that the drawings are not drawn to scale and that they are merely intended to conceptually illustrate the structures and procedures described herein.

The drawings show:

Fig. 1 a schematic drawing showing an example system;

Fig. 2 a flowchart showing an example of a method according to the third example aspect;

Fig. 3 a flowchart showing an example of a method according to the fourth example aspect;

Fig. 4a a flowchart showing an example of a method according to at least one of the third and fourth example aspect;

Fig. 4b a flowchart showing an example of a method according to at least one of the third and fourth example aspect;

Fig. 4c a flowchart showing an example of a method according to at least one of the third and fourth example aspect;

Fig. 5 a schematic block diagram of an example of an apparatus according to the first example aspect and/or an example of an apparatus according to the second example aspect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description describes various aspects and examples of the disclosure. Some aspects may have a different terminology than e.g. provided in the description above. The skilled person will nevertheless understand that those terms may refer to the same subject-matter, e.g. by being more specific.

Example aspects and examples provided herein may enable enhanced signaling. For instance, the example aspects and examples provided may enable an access node to determine a shared processing mode for multicast transmission for a user entity or user device moving to a cell provided by the access node, while the user device or user entity is in an inactive connection mode. Further, the example aspects and examples provided below may enable avoiding unnecessary/unwanted reconnections of a UE in RRCJNACTIVE state that would lead to power consumption, e.g. by providing means for an access node to be able to control reconnections in a serving cell, means for transmission of a multicast and broadcast service interest indicator [Mil] for shared processing, and/or means to efficiently carry out determination of a shared processing mode based on the received Mil for shared processing, while still avoiding unnecessary/unwanted reconnections of a UE in RRCJNACTIVE state that would lead to power consumption. The example aspects and examples provided below may also enable a user device or user entity to stay in inactive mode when reselecting the (serving] cell while continuing to receive a broadcast via a broadcast service. For instance, a user device or user entity with e.g. limited hardware and software resources receiving broadcast messages from one cell, while it may have communication or receive multicast transmission from same or another (network] access node simultaneously from e.g. another cell, may be enabled to move between a plurality of cells of an RAN notification area (RNA] without notifying the gNB while continuing to receive multicast transmission.

The apparatus according to the first example aspect may for instance be or comprise a mobile entity (e.g., a mobile (telecommunication] device or a mobile phone or a user equipment or a terminal device]. The apparatus according to the first example aspect may for instance comprise means for receiving at least one transmission via at least one of the following: a unicast or a multicast service (i.e. at least one of a unicast or multicast transmission] from the first access node and means for receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node; and may for instance further comprise means for receiving at least one transmission via a multicast service from the third access node and means for receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node.

The apparatus according to the second example aspect may for instance be or comprise a server, server cloud, or an access node (e.g. a Radio Access Network (RAN] node] or part thereof. The apparatus according to the second example aspect may for instance comprise means for transmitting at least one transmission via at least one of the following: a unicast or a multicast service (i.e. at least one of a unicast or multicast transmission] provided by the apparatus.

According to another example aspect, an apparatus is disclosed, the apparatus comprising: means for providing a first cell being a part of a radio network notification area, the cell providing a multicast service; means for receiving from a user device a service indicator (e.g. a multicast and broadcast services interest indication]; means for transmitting to the user device an indicator instructing the user device to enter an inactive connection state; means for, based on transmitting to the user device an indicator instructing the user device to enter an inactive connection state, transmitting the service indicator or an indication of the service indicator to at least one access node providing at least one further cell in the radio network notification area, the indication indicating to the at least one access node to retrieve the service indicator (e.g. from the apparatus].

According to another example aspect, an apparatus is disclosed, the apparatus comprising: means for providing a cell being a part of a radio network notification area, the cell providing a multicast service; means for receiving (e.g. from an access node] a service indicator or an indication indicating to the apparatus to retrieve the service indicator (e.g. from the access node];

Optionally means for retrieving the service indicator (e.g. from the access node], at least partly based on the indication indicating to the apparatus to retrieve the service indicator; means for determining, at least partly based on the service indicator, a shared processing mode for the shared processing service; means for allowing (e.g. at least partly based on the determined shared processing mode] a user device (e.g. the user device being in an inactive connection state] to carry out a shared processing service in the cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises the multicast service provided by the apparatus and the broadcast service provided by a second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

The apparatus according to this other example aspect may for instance be or comprise a server, server cloud, or an access node (e.g. a Radio Access Network (RAN] node] or part thereof.

The means of the apparatus according to any example aspect can be implemented in hardware and/ or software. They may comprise for instance at least one processor for executing processor instructions for carrying out or performing the required functions, at least one memory storing the instructions, or both.

The apparatus according to any example aspect may comprise at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to carry out the specified steps. For instance, the apparatus according to the first example aspect may be an apparatus comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to carry out: carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator; carrying out a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; determining, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node, and wherein the determining the service resume indicator comprises determining whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service resume indicator indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator; transmitting the service resume indicator to the third access node, wherein in the case the first service indicator is determined valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is the first service indicator, and in the case the service indicator is determined not valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is a second service indicator; and carrying out the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

As an option, the means of the apparatus may comprise for instance circuitry that is designed or configured to implement the required functions, for instance implemented in a chipset or a chip, like an integrated circuit. In general, the means may comprise for instance one or more processing means or processors.

As used in this application, the term "circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:

(a] hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in e.g. analog and/or digital circuitry] and

(b] combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable]:

(i] a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuitfs] with software/firmware and

(ii] any portions of hardware processorfs] with software (including digital signal processorfs]], software, and memoryfies] that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to carry out various functions] and

(c] hardware circuitfs] and or processorfs], such as a microprocessorfs] or a portion of a microprocessorfs], that requires software (e.g., firmware] for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.”

This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As an example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors] or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their] accompanying software and/or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

The method according to the third example aspect may comprise the steps the apparatus of the first example aspect is configured to carry out or has means for. The method may for instance be carried out and/or controlled by an/the apparatus, for instance a mobile entity (e.g., a mobile (telecommunication] device or a mobile phone or a user equipment or a terminal device].

The method according to the fourth example aspect may comprise the steps the apparatus of the second example aspect is configured to carry out or has means for. The method may for instance be carried out and/or controlled by an/the apparatus, for instance a server, a server cloud, or an access node (e.g. a RAN node] or part thereof.

The method according to any aspect may be carried out and/or controlled by an apparatus. As an option, the method according to any aspect may be carried out and/or controlled by more than one apparatus, for instance a server cloud comprising at least two servers or a system of apparatus, e.g. a system comprising at least one RAN node and at least one UE. For instance, the method may be carried out and/or controlled by using at least one processor of an/the apparatus. A method may comprise steps according to the third and fourth example aspect and may e.g. be carried out by a system of apparatus, e.g. a system comprising at least one RAN node and at least one UE.

According to another example aspect, a method is disclosed, the method comprising: carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator; carrying out a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; determining, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node; transmitting the service resume indicator to the third access node; and carrying out the shared processing service in the second cell, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

According to another example aspect, a method is disclosed, the method comprising: receiving a service resume indicator from a user device, indicating that the user device was carrying out a shared processing service in another cell, wherein the other cell is provided by an access node; determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, whether a first service indicator is to be obtained; based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is the first service indicator; based on determining that the first service indicator is not to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is a second service indicator; determining, at least partly based on the service indicator, a shared processing mode for the shared processing service; allowing, at least partly based on the determined shared processing mode, the user device to carry out the shared processing service in the cell.

According to an example aspect, a system is disclosed, the system comprising a mobile entity or user device or a part thereof and a server or a part thereof together carrying out the method according to at least one of the third and fourth example aspect.

The system may comprise one or more apparatus, such as the apparatus of any example aspect, and/or a server, server cloud, a RAN node, a UE or a mobile terminal (e.g., a mobile telecommunication device or a mobile phone].

According to an example aspect, a computer program product is disclosed, the computer program product when executed by a processor of an apparatus causing said apparatus to carry out a method according to at least one of the third and fourth example aspect or a method comprising: carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator; carrying out a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; determining, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator (e.g. an RRC Resume request] for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node, and wherein the determining the service resume indicator comprises determining whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service resume indicator indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator; transmitting the service resume indicator to the third access node, wherein in the case the first service indicator is determined valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is (e.g. substantially] the first service indicator, and in the case the service indicator is determined not valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is (e.g. substantially] a second service indicator, and carrying out (or continuing] the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

According to an example aspect, an apparatus is disclosed, configured to carry out and/or control or comprising respective means for carrying out and/or controlling the method according to any example aspect. According to an example aspect, an apparatus is disclosed comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to carry out the method according to any example aspect.

For instance, an apparatus, e.g. user device (or user entity], for carrying out the method according to the third example aspect may comprise at least one of the following: a performer e.g. configured to carry out a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator; a performer e.g. configured to carry out a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; a determiner e.g. configured to determine, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node, and wherein the determining the service resume indicator comprises determining whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service resume indicator indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator; a transmitter e.g. configured to transmit the service resume indicator to the third access node, wherein in the case the first service indicator is determined valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is the first service indicator, and in the case the service indicator is determined not valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is a second service indicator; and a performer e.g. configured to carrying out the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

For instance, an apparatus, e.g. an access node, for carrying out the method according to the fourth example aspect may comprise at least one of the following: a provider e.g. configured to provide a cell and a multicast service in the cell; a receiver e.g. configured to receive a service resume indicator from a user device, indicating that the user device is in an inactive connection state and was carrying out a shared processing service in another cell, wherein the other cell is provided by an access node and wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the service resume indicator further indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator; a determiner e.g. configured to determine, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, whether a first service indicator is to be obtained; an obtainer (e.g. a retriever] configured to, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtain the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is the first service indicator; an obtainer (e.g. a retriever] configured to, based on determining that the first service indicator is not to be obtained, obtain the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is a second service indicator; a determiner e.g. configured to determine, at least partly based on the service indicator, a shared processing mode for the shared processing service; an allower e.g. configured to allow, at least partly based on the determined shared processing mode, the user device to carry out the shared processing service in the cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises the multicast service provided by the apparatus and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

The disclosed apparatus according to any aspect may be a module or a component for a device, for example a chip. As an option, the disclosed apparatus according to any aspect may be a device, for instance a server, server cloud, a RAN node, or a user equipment. The disclosed apparatus according to any aspect may comprise only the disclosed components, for instance means, processor, memory, or may further comprise one or more additional components.

According to an example aspect, a computer program is disclosed, the computer program when executed by a processor causing an apparatus, for instance a server or access node, to carry out and/or control the actions of the method according to at least one of the third and fourth example aspect.

According to an example aspect, a computer readable storage medium (e.g. a tangible (and for instance non-transitory] storage medium] is disclosed, the computer readable storage medium comprising a computer program product according to the fifth example aspect or a computer program according to the previous example aspect.

Any disclosure herein relating to any example aspect is to be understood to be equally disclosed with respect to any subject-matter according to the respective example aspect, e.g. relating to an apparatus, a method, a computer program, and a computer-readable medium. Thus, for instance, the disclosure of a method step shall also be considered as a disclosure of means for carrying out and/or being caused to carry out the respective method step. Likewise, the disclosure of means for carrying out and/ or causing to carry out a method step shall also be considered as a disclosure of the method step itself. The same holds for any passage describing at least one processor; and at least one memory including instructions; the at least one memory and the instructions configured to, with the at least one processor, cause an apparatus at least to carry out a step.

In the following, example features and examples of all aspects will be described in further detail.

According to all disclosed example aspects, a shared processing service carried out by an apparatus may be understood as the apparatus carrying out shared processing on at least one of unicast and/or multicast transmission^] (via a multicast and/or unicast service provided by an access node] and broadcast transmission^] (via a broadcast service provided by another access node], e.g. using shared resources (e.g. of the apparatus] for reception of unicast, multicast and/or broadcast transmissions (e.g. via a unicast/ multicast service or a broadcast service]. In this case the reception may be substantially parallel or substantially simultaneous, wherein the term "substantially” may be understood as encompassing reception of two transmissions within a small-time interval, e.g. within 1ms. Shared resources may for example be hardware and/or software, e.g. of the apparatus.

A shared processing service may be or comprise a shared processing procedure or shared processing mechanism. A shared processing service may be or comprise shared processing.

For instance, the means for carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node (or more generally a further apparatus], wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, associated with a first service indicator (in association with the shared processing service], may be or comprise means for carrying out a shared processing procedure in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node, wherein the shared processing procedure comprises processing at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node (e.g. using shared resources e.g. of the apparatus], the shared processing procedure being associated with a first service indicator.

For instance, the means for carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node (or more generally a further apparatus], wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, associated with a first service indicator (in association with the shared processing service], may be or comprise means for carrying out shared processing in a first cell on at least one of the following: a unicast or a multicast transmission (via a multicast service] provided by a first access node (or more generally a further apparatus], the first access node providing the first (serving] cell, and (e.g. substantially simultaneously] a broadcast transmission (via a broadcast service] provided by a second access node (or more generally another apparatus, e.g. providing a (non-serving] second cell], the shared processing being associated with a first service indicator ( e.g. a first multicast and broadcast services interest indication], wherein e.g. the carrying out shared processing utilizes using shared resources e.g. of the apparatus.

For instance the means for carrying out (or continuing] the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator, may be or comprise: means for carrying out (or continuing] a shared processing procedure in the second cell, wherein the shared processing procedure comprises processing a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node (e.g. using shared resources e.g. of the apparatus], the shared processing procedure being associated with the service indicator.

For instance the means for carrying out (or continuing] the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator, may be: means for continuing the shared processing in the third cell on a multicast transmission provided in the third cell and a (further] broadcast transmission provided in the second cell (the further broadcast transmission being received from the second access node via the broadcast service], the shared processing being associated with a first service indicator (e.g. a first multicast and broadcast services interest indication], wherein e.g. the carrying out shared processing utilizes using shared resources e.g. of the apparatus.

The shared processing (service] being associated with a (first/ second] service indicator may be understood in that the (first/ second] service indicator relates to the shared processing (service]. As an example of such an "association”: the service indicator may have been transmitted to an access node e.g. by a user device or user entity, the access node being capable of providing a cell and a unicast/ multicast service in the cell. The access node may receive the service indicator and enable (e.g. through changing the frequency that the unicast/multicast transmissions are transmitted in] an apparatus, such as the user device or user entity, to receive unicast/multicast transmissions substantially simultaneously or in parallel with broadcast transmissions via a broadcast service from another access node, at least partly based on the service indicator. Or the access node may receive the service indicator and determine a shared processing mode at least partly based on the service indicator. For instance, the "association” may e.g. constitute that another entity such as an access node receives the service indicator and based thereon carries out some actions (e.g. determining a shared processing mode] related to the shared processing (service], e.g. by changing the frequency that unicast/ multi cast transmissions are transmitted in, that are used in the shared processing (service].

Shared processing may be understood in that an apparatus utilizes resources in a shared manner for processing e.g. received transmissions via a multicast or broadcast service (substantially in parallel]. Such resources may be hardware and/or software, e.g. processor, memory etc. or such resources can be a frequency range, frequency spacing among resource elements, antennas, receiver processing chains of the antennas, frequency bands etc. Shared processing may allow for processing, e.g. substantially simultaneous received transmissions via a multicast and a broadcast service substantially in parallel. Shared processing may comprise the usage of the same memory, processing power etc. at the same time instance or using one time per service although the same resources are used (e.g., one by one],

A service indicator may be understood as an indication that an apparatus, such as a user device or user entity, intends to receive unicast/ multi cast transmissions via a unicast/ multicast service while receiving broadcast transmissions via a broadcast service. For example, a service indicator may e.g. comprise information associated with at least one multicast and broadcast service (MBS] or identifying at least one MBS from at least one available MBS. A service indicator may e.g. be transmitted to or obtained by an access note. A service indicator may comprise information on at least one of the following: sub-carrier spacing, carrier frequency, or bandwidth (of the broadcast transmissions]. For instance, a service indicator may be a multicast and broadcast services interest indication (Mil], A service indicator or Mil may comprise an indication of the broadcast service’s carrier frequency and bandwidth (i.e. a particular region/range of frequency], A service indicator or Mil may comprise an indication of a subcarrier spacing (SCS] of the broadcast service, wherein SCS may be a spacing between the physical resource elements in a frequency grid.

For instance, in case a user device receiving multicast transmissions in a cell via two different component carriers (e.g., carrier aggregation], while the user device receiving from another access node broadcast transmission via a third component carrier (substantially] in parallel, the user device may transmit a service indicator (e.g. Mil] to an access node providing the cell (e.g. while the user device is in connected state], so that the access node may determine a shared processing mode e.g. make scheduling decisions, make (proper, active] BWP configuration, etc., for instance to ease a user device’s parallel processing of transmission provided by two different access nodes.

An MBS may be understood as an access node providing a point-to-multipoint transmission. An MBS may be a multicast or broadcast service. A multicast service provided by an access node may allow a dedicated set of user devices in a cell provided by the access node (i.e. not necessarily all user devices in a cell] to receive multicast transmission(s) from the access node via the multicast service. A user device may join a multicast service by transmitting a join request (e.g. to the access node]. After joining the user device may be capable of receiving the multicast transmissions from the access node (i.e. being part of the dedicated set of user devices],

A broadcast service provided by an access node in a broadcast service area (i.e. in a cell provided by the access node, the cell may e.g. be a serving or non-serving cell] may allow all user devices in the broadcast service area to receive broadcast transmission(s) from the access node via the broadcast service. Any user device in the broadcast service area may therefore receive broadcast transmissions via a broadcast service provided by an access node. A user device may receive the broadcast transmissions (via a broadcast service] in an inactive, idle, or connected (connection] state in the broadcast service area (a cell provided by the access node] without transmitting any uplink communication to the access node. A user device may receive broadcast transmission(s) from the access node via the broadcast service, while e.g. being in a Receive-only-mode (ROM],

Available MBS services may be identified by multicast control channel (MCCH] information, which may comprise control information for an apparatus (e.g. a user device or UE] to understand which broadcast services are provided in the cell and the scheduling information to receive the broadcasted data. MCCH information may be transmitted periodically by an access node using a configurable repetition period and within a configured transmission window. MCCH may provide information about the Multicast Traffic Channels (MTCHs] (i.e. the data channels where the broadcast services are provided]. This information may include search spaces, discontinuous reception (DRX] information, etc. for enabling the apparatus to receive the relevant MTCH(s], Each Temporary Mobile Group Identity (TMGI] - which may be an identifier of a specific broadcast service - may be mapped to a specific MTCH. The apparatus may receive and decodes a system information message (e.g. a system information block, e.g. SIB20] from an access node and obtain the MCCH configuration/scheduling details. Then the apparatus may receive and decode the MCCH to obtain information about which MBS are available (e.g. provided in the cell] and their scheduling information. In a connected state (e.g. UE in RRC_CONNECTED state], receiving and decoding a/the system information message may be omitted, as the apparatus (e.g. user device] is provided with the search space configuration to receive MCCH within a downlink control channel configuration (PDCCH_ConfigCommon],

An access node may provide or operate one or more cells and may be capable to provide MBS in the one or more cells.

A cell may be understood as a (part of) a coverage area of an access node, i.e. the area in which transmissions from the access node may be received (and decoded) by a user device. Cell reselection may be understood as a mechanism for an apparatus (e.g. user device] to change to another cell, e.g. after the apparatus entered an inactive or idle connection state in a cell and moved to an area served by the other cell. Cell reselection may allow user device mobility, in that a user device by itself may find and select a cell without initiating communication (for instance without the user device sending uplink transmissions] with an access node providing the cell. Cell reselection may refer to a process where a user device in an inactive connection state (e.g. RRCJNACTIVE or RRCJDLE state] starts camping in a new cell, after camping in a previous other cell, based on reception quality, i.e., carried out measurements, of the new cell being better than a threshold.

A unicast transmission may be understood as one entity (such as a user device or access node] transmitting e.g. some information (e.g. only] to one other entity (such as a user device or access node].

An inactive connection state may be understood as a state in which an apparatus does transmit only specific transmissions to an access node and may only receive specific transmissions (such as a paging transmission, broadcast transmission, etc.] from the access node, while at the same time context information on the apparatus (e.g. UE context] is stored by the access node. The specific transmissions, which the apparatus may transmit, may e.g. be only the service resume indicator or a set of indicators for triggering specific actions by the access node comprising the service resume indicator. In an inactive connection state, the user device e.g. receives and expects less data than in a connected state, by only receiving and transmitting specific transmissions (from a limited set] , which may allow to save power compared to a connected state.

For instance, context information may be stored by the access node, when the apparatus was in a connected state. In an inactive connection state the apparatus may move within a notification area (e.g. Radio Access Network notification area (RNA]] configured by a further apparatus such as an access node, without notifying the further apparatus. In the inactive connection state, e.g. the last serving access node (i.e. the last access node where the apparatus was in a connected state and which may have configured the RNA] may store the context information. An RNA may e.g. cover a single or multiple cells. In case of an RRC connection the inactive connection state (e.g. RRCJnactive state] may mean e.g. that an access node triggered switching from a connected state to the inactive by sending a RRC_Release configured with suspendConfig. An access node may be an access node that may trigger the user device to enter the connected state from the inactive connection state by sending a paging transmission. A user device may enter the connected state from the inactive connection state e.g. by sending an RRC Resume Request to the access node (e.g. providing the serving cell] followed e.g. by establishing communication with the access node.

Context information stored by an access node may comprise a service indicator. A further access node may obtain or retrieve a service indicator from the access node by obtaining or receiving the context information or a part of the context information comprising the service indicator. Context information may be used it to resume or reactivate the communication with the access node using unicast transmission (i.e. enter a connected state] and/or to continue receiving multicast transmissions (e.g. in an inactive connection state].

Irrespective of the context information being stored by the access node, when an apparatus does not receive unicast transmissions in a (serving] cell provided by an access node, the apparatus is camping on the cell, when it either was instructed by the access note to enter an inactive connection state or the cell was reselected in cell reselection, while the apparatus was in an inactive connection state. An apparatus camping on a cell may also be described as the apparatus listening in the cell to the access node. While camping on a cell the apparatus may be ready to initiate potential dedicated services, e.g. receive broadcast transmissions via a broadcast service. Camping may e.g. refer to user devices monitoring specific transmissions, e.g., paging and system information, from a camped cell, while residing in the coverage of that cell.

A connected state may be understood as a state of an apparatus such as a user device, in which communication with an access node is established (e.g. the apparatus receives unicast transmissions from the access node and transmits uplink transmissions].

Continuing the shared processing (service] may be understood as resuming reception of broadcast transmissions from an access node providing a broadcast service after cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state, e.g., an apparatus previously receiving multicast transmission^] from an access node (via a multicast service provided by the access node] and receiving broadcast from another access node (via a broadcast service provided by the other access node], may move to a different area and carry out cell reselection while being in the inactive connection state. The apparatus may intend to continue to receive broadcast transmission^ from the other access node and receive multicast transmission from a further access node providing the cell that has been selected in cell reselection. Continuing the shared processing (service] may allow the apparatus to continue to receive broadcast transmission^] from the other access node and receive multicast transmission from a further access node, which provides the cell that has been selected in cell reselection.

A service resume indicator may be an indicator indicating for an access node to obtain a service indicator, e.g., for continuing shared processing (service], A service resume indicator may be a request to resume the connection (e.g. an RRC Resume Request],

Determining (e.g. by a user device] whether a service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing (service] in another cell may be or comprise determining, whether information comprised in the service indicator remains (at least partly/substantially] unchanged for the continuing the shared processing. For instance, an apparatus may determine that a new service indicator (that may be determined by the apparatus] would (at least partly/substantially] comprise the same information as a previous service indicator (e.g. send to an access node providing the previous cell]. Information comprised in the service indicator may e.g. be or comprise an information about which services the apparatus is interested in receiving transmissions from and e.g. the frequencies that are utilized for transmissions via these services, a flag (information element] stating whether receiving broadcast transmissions is more important than receiving unicast transmissions by the apparatus, a subcarrier spacing of the cell in which a broadcast service is provided, a frequency in which broadcast transmissions via a broadcast service are provided and/or a bandwidth of the broadcast transmissions.

For example, determining whether a service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in another cell may be or comprise determining, while in the inactive connection state, whether the first service indicator (that the apparatus may have transmitted to a further apparatus providing a cell] is valid for continuing the shared processing in the other cell selected in the cell reselection.

Small data transmission (SDT] may be understood as a method allowing data and/or signaling transmission while remaining in an inactive connection state (e.g. RRCJNACTIVE state] without transitioning to a connected state (e.g. RRC_CONNECTED state], SDT may be initiated by an apparatus such as a user device in case less than a configured amount of uplink data is to be transmitted. SDT may be possible in an inactive connection state as may be MBS, i.e. entering a connected state may not be necessary but possible. The unicast/ multicast service providing access node may change or remain the same.

A cause information element may be understood as an information element (e.g., a cause value or a field] comprised e.g. in an obtain indicator or service resume indicator indicating or informing about an action the apparatus intends to carry out or wants another apparatus to carry out. It may be a type- length-value item, containing 1] a type (e.g. a label such as "Mil for shared processing”], a length indicator, and a value (e.g. a cause value], although any combination of one or more of those parts is possible. A single message such as a service resume indicator may contain multiple information elements. The cause information element may have one of a set of predefined states such as enabled or disabled. The presence of such a cause information element e.g. in an obtain indicator or service resume indicator may inform an apparatus, which receives e.g. the obtain indicator or service resume indicator from another apparatus, about an action the other apparatus intends to carry out. For instance, if such a cause information element is defined for an obtain indicator or service resume indicator, the absence or not setting the cause information element may inform the apparatus (implicitly] to carry out a certain action.

Determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, whether a first service indicator is to be obtained may be or comprise determining whether the service resume indicator indicates for the apparatus (such as an access node] to obtain the service first indicator. A shared processing mode for the shared processing (service], may be understood as providing a mode for (or enhancing] the shared processing (service] for an apparatus such as a user device, e.g. by making scheduling decisions, making (proper, active] Carrier Bandwith Part (BWP] configuration, or the like, which may ease the handling of shared processing, e.g. parallel reception by the apparatus of multicast and broadcast transmissions using shared hardware and software resources, for instance scheduling/ transmitting unicast or multicast transmissions in other frequencies than the ones the apparatus is receiving broadcast transmissions in, sending UE to another cell (mobility decision], A shared processing mode may comprise scheduling multicast transmissions in a frequency region not used for broadcast transmissions via the broadcast service and/or using a specific subcarrier spacing. For instance, when receiving a service resume indicator (e.g. Mil] which e.g. comprises an indication of the broadcast service’s carrier frequency and bandwidth (i.e. a particular region/range of frequency], the receiving access node (e.g. gNB] may decide not to schedule transmissions within that frequency region (as an example of a shared processing mode]. That way, the user device (e.g. UE] may receive the broadcast transmission in that frequency region, while receiving unicast and/or multicast transmissions in other frequency regions even if broadcast and unicast and/or multicast transmissions are transmitted at the same time instance.

Another example shared processing mode may comprise providing the unicast and/or multicast service in a specific frequency region (e.g. even though the frequency region does not overlap with broadcast frequency region] so that the user device may be capable of receiving (other] transmissions in specific band combinations. For example, a user device may receive only simultaneously transmissions in two specific frequency regions (pair called band combination]. Having broadcast transmissions via a broadcast service transmitted in one frequency region and the access node getting to know that (e.g. via receiving the service resume indicator], the access node may decide to transmit unicast/multicast in different frequency region.

As another example, a service indicator or Mil may comprise an indication of a subcarrier spacing (SCS] of the broadcast service. If such a service indicator is received or obtained by an access node, the access node learns the SCS of the broadcast transmissions via the broadcast service. Some user devices may have limitations, such that they can only process one subcarrier frequency. If that is the case, the access node receiving the service resume indicator may (also] decide to provide transmissions via a multicast and/or unicast service using the same subcarrier spacing (SCS],

Allowing a user device (in an inactive connection state] to carry out the shared processing service in a cell may be or comprise allowing the user device to receive multicast transmissions via a multicast service, e.g. by scheduling and transmitting multicast transmissions to the user device. At least partly based on the shared processing mode, the shared processing mode may be applied for allowing the user device to carry out shared processing (service], such as adapting scheduling and frequency of the multicast transmission^] to not collide with broadcast transmissions from another access node. E.g. the determined scheduling and frequencies for transmission may be utilized by the access node to transmit multicast transmission.

For instance, allowing a user device (in an inactive connection state] to carry out the shared processing service in the cell may be allowing the user device (in an inactive connection state] to carry out the shared processing in a cell on a multicast transmission provided in the cell and a (further] broadcast transmission provided in a second cell (the further broadcast transmission being received from the second access node via the broadcast service], the shared processing being associated with a first service indicator (e.g. a first multicast and broadcast services interest indication].

According to an example of the first example aspect, the shared processing service in the first cell comprises receiving at least one transmission via at least one of the following: a unicast or a multicast service (i.e. unicast or multicast transmission] from the first access node and receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node (i.e. broadcast transmission] the shared processing service being associated with the first service indicator, and processing the received transmissions using shared resources of the apparatus; and wherein the shared processing service in the second cell comprises receiving at least one transmission via a multicast service from the third access node and receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator, and processing the received transmissions using the shared resources of the apparatus.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the determining, while in an inactive connection state, whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell comprises determining whether information comprised in the first service indicator remains (at least partly/ substantially] unchanged for the continuing the shared processing.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the service resume indicator comprising an obtain indicator for indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator, wherein the obtain indicator is an explicit obtain indicator.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the explicit obtain indicator comprises a cause information element indicating that the third access node shall retrieve the first service indicator from the first access node or comprises a cause information element indicating that the apparatus intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator is an implicit indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator. According to an example of the first example aspect, the implicit indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator comprising at least one of the following: that a cause information element indicating that the third access node shall retrieve the service indicator from the first access node is not comprised in the service resume indicator, the cause information element being not comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the third access node that the apparatus intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator; that a cause information element indicating that the apparatus intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator is not comprised in the service resume indicator, the cause information element being not comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the third access node that the third access node shall retrieve the first service indicator from the first cell; or that a cause information element indicating another process is comprised in the service resume indicator, the information element indicating another process being comprised in the service resume indicator, indicating to the third access node that the third access node shall retrieve the first service indicator from the first access node.

For instance, a cause information element such as a "cause information element indicating that the third access node shall retrieve the service indicator from the first access node” or a "cause information element indicating that the apparatus intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator” may be (generally] defined for/in the service resume indicator. As e.g. an access node is aware of such a (generally] defined cause information element, in case the (defined] cause information element is not comprised in the service resume indicator, the access node may interpret this as an implicit indication of carrying out another action, such as the opposite of what the cause information element indicates. For instance, an apparatus such as an access node may be configured to, in case a (generally defined] "cause information element indicating that the third access node shall retrieve the service indicator from the first access node” is not comprised in the service resume indicator, cause (e.g. signal] a user device to enter the connected state and to transmit a second service indicator. For instance, an apparatus such as an access node may be configured to, in case a (generally defined] "cause information element indicating that the apparatus intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator” is not comprised in the service resume indicator, retrieve the first service indicator from another access node. Further an apparatus such as an access node may be configured to, in case a cause information element indicating another process is comprised in the service resume indicator, to retrieve the first service indicator from the first access node.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the apparatus further comprising: means for receiving (e.g. while the apparatus is in the inactive connection state] an allowance indicator (e.g. a SIB1] indicating whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator; means for determining, at least partly based on the allowance indicator, whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator; and wherein determining, whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing is based upon the determining that the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about the service indicator.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the means for receiving the allowance indicator indicating whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator are means for receiving the allowance indicator while in the inactive connection state.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the apparatus further comprising: as an option instead of or additionally to the means for transmitting the service resume indicator, means for transmitting, while in an inactive connection state, the service indicator to the third access node in small data transmission.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the apparatus further comprising means for transmitting, to the first access node, a first service indicator.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the apparatus further comprising: means for determining whether obtaining of the service indicator was successful; wherein, upon determining that the obtaining was successful, the apparatus remaining in the inactive connection state; and means for, upon determining that the obtaining was not successful (e.g. at least partly based on not receiving the indication of the successful retrieval of the service indicator within a certain time limit or receiving an indication indicating that the retrieval was not successful], determining the second service indicator and transmitting the determined second service indicator to the third access node (e.g. determining the second service indicator, changing state to connected state and transmitting the second service indicator].

According to an example of the first example aspect, the apparatus further comprising: means for receiving an indication of a successful obtaining of the service indicator, wherein the determining whether obtaining of the service indicator was successful is at least partly based on the indication of the successful obtaining.

According to an example of the first example aspect, the service indicator is a multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing, the first service indicator is a first multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing, and the second service indicator is a second multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing. According to an example of the first example aspect, the means for carrying out the shared processing service in the first cell are means for carrying out, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state, the shared processing service in the first cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of the unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator.

According to an example of the second example aspect, the means for, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator comprise means for retrieving the first service indicator from the access node (e.g. by retrieving context information of the user device from the access node, wherein the service indicator is comprised in the context information].

According to an example of the second example aspect, the apparatus further comprising: means for determining whether the retrieving the service indicator from the access node was successful; means for transmitting, upon determining that the retrieving the service indicator from access node was successful, to the user device, an indication of a successful obtaining of the service indicator; means for transmitting, upon determining that the retrieving the service indicator from the access node was not successful, to the user device, an indication signaling the user device to enter a connected state and to transmit the second service indicator.

According to an example of the second example aspect, the apparatus further comprising: means for transmitting, to the user device, an allowance indicator (e.g. a SIB1 flag] indicating whether the user device is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator, wherein the apparatus has not received an indication that the user device left the inactive connection state.

According to an example of the second example aspect, the service resume indicator comprising an obtain indicator for indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator, wherein the obtain indicator comprises an explicit obtain indicator; and wherein the obtaining the service indicator is at least partly based on the obtain indicator.

According to an example of the second example aspect, the explicit obtain indicator comprising a cause information element indicating that the apparatus shall retrieve the first service indicator from the access node, the apparatus further comprising: means for determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, that the first service indicator is to be obtained; wherein the means for, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator comprise means for retrieving the first service indicator from the access node providing the other cell.

According to an example of the second example aspect, the explicit obtain indicator comprising a cause information element indicating that the user device intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator, the apparatus further comprising: means for causing, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, the user device to enter the connected state and to transmit the second service indicator.

According to an example of the second example aspect, the indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator comprising an implicit indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator; and wherein the obtaining the service indicator is at least partly based on the implicit indicating.

According to an example of the second example aspect, the implicit indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator comprising: that a cause information element indicating that the apparatus shall retrieve the service indicator from the access node is not comprised in the service resume indicator, the cause information element being not comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the apparatus that the user device intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator, the apparatus further comprising: means for determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, that the first service indicator is to be obtained; means for causing, at least partly based on the determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, the user device to enter the connected state and to transmit the second service indicator.

According to an example of the second example aspect the implicit indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator comprising: that a cause information element indicating that the user device intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator is not comprised in the service resume indicator, the cause information element being not comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the apparatus that the apparatus shall retrieve the first service indicator from the access node the apparatus further comprising: means for determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, that the first service indicator is to be obtained, wherein the means for, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator comprises means for retrieving the first service indicator from the access node.

According to an example of the second example aspect, the implicit indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator comprising: that a cause information element indicating another process is comprised in the service resume indicator, the information element indicating another process being comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the apparatus that the apparatus shall retrieve the first service indicator from the access node, the apparatus further comprising: means for determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, that the first service indicator is valid for the further shared processing service; wherein the means for, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator comprise means for retrieving the first service indicator from the access node.

According to an example of the second example aspect, the apparatus further comprising: means for obtaining the service indicator, from the user device in small data transmission.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the shared processing service in the first cell comprises receiving at least one transmission via at least one of the following: a unicast or a multicast service from the first access node and receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node the shared processing service being associated with the first service indicator, and processing the received transmissions using shared resources of the apparatus; and wherein the shared processing service in the second cell comprises receiving at least one transmission via a multicast service from the third access node and receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator, and processing the received transmissions using the shared resources of the apparatus.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the determining, while in an inactive connection state, whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell comprises determining whether information comprised in the first service indicator remains (at least partly/ substantially] unchanged for the continuing the shared processing.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the service resume indicator comprising an obtain indicator for indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator, wherein the obtain indicator is an explicit obtain indicator. According to an example of the third example aspect, the explicit obtain indicator comprises a cause information element indicating that the third access node shall retrieve the first service indicator from the first access node or comprises a cause information element indicating that the apparatus intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator is an implicit indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the implicit indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator comprising at least one of the following: that a cause information element indicating that the third access node shall retrieve the service indicator from the first access node is not comprised in the service resume indicator, the cause information element being not comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the third access node that the apparatus intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator; that a cause information element indicating that the apparatus intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator is not comprised in the service resume indicator, the cause information element being not comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the third access node that the third access node shall retrieve the first service indicator from the first cell; or that a cause information element indicating another process (e.g. not associated with shared processing, e.g. RNA Update] is comprised in the service resume indicator, the information element indicating another process being comprised in the service resume indicator, indicating to the third access node that the third access node shall retrieve the first service indicator from the first access node.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the method further comprising: receiving an allowance indicator indicating whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator; determining, at least partly based on the allowance indicator, whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator; and wherein determining, whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing is based upon the determining that the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about the service indicator.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the receiving the allowance indicator indicating whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator is a receiving the allowance indicator while the apparatus is in the inactive connection state. According to an example of the third example aspect, the method further comprising: as an option instead of or additionally to the transmitting the service resume indicator, transmitting, while in an inactive connection state, the service indicator to the third access node in small data transmission.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the method further comprising transmitting, to the first access node, a first service indicator.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the method further comprises: determining whether obtaining of the service indicator was successful; wherein, upon determining that the obtaining was successful, the apparatus remaining in the inactive connection state; and upon determining that the obtaining was not successful, determining the second service indicator and transmitting the determined second service indicator to the third access node.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the method further comprises: receiving an indication of a successful obtaining of the service indicator, wherein the determining whether obtaining of the service indicator was successful is at least partly based on the indication of the successful obtaining.

According to an example of the third example aspect, the service indicator is a multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing, the first service indicator is a first multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing, and the second service indicator is a second multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing.

According to an example of the third example aspect, carrying out the shared processing service in the first cell is carried out while the apparatus is in the inactive connection state.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator comprise retrieving the first service indicator from the access node.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the method further comprising: determining whether the retrieving the service indicator from the access node was successful; transmitting, upon determining that the retrieving the service indicator from access node was successful, to the user device, an indication of a successful obtaining of the service indicator; transmitting, upon determining that the retrieving the service indicator from the access node was not successful, to the user device, an indication signaling the user device to enter a connected state and to transmit the second service indicator. According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the apparatus further comprising: transmitting, to the user device, an allowance indicator indicating whether the user device is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator, wherein the apparatus has not received an indication that the user device left the inactive connection state.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the service resume indicator comprising an obtain indicator for indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator, wherein the obtain indicator comprises an explicit obtain indicator; and wherein the obtaining the service indicator is at least partly based on the obtain indicator.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the explicit obtain indicator comprising a cause information element indicating that the apparatus shall retrieve the first service indicator from the access node, the method further comprising: determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, that the first service indicator is to be obtained; wherein, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator comprises retrieving the first service indicator from the access node providing the other cell.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the explicit obtain indicator comprising a cause information element indicating that the user device intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator, the method further comprising: causing, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, the user device to enter the connected state and to transmit the second service indicator.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator comprises an implicit indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator; and wherein the obtaining the service indicator is at least partly based on the implicit indicating.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the implicit indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator comprising: that a cause information element indicating that the apparatus shall retrieve the service indicator from the access node is not comprised in the service resume indicator, the cause information element being not comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the apparatus that the user device intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator, the method further comprising: determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, that the first service indicator is to be obtained; causing, at least partly based on the determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, the user device to enter the connected state and to transmit the second service indicator.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the implicit indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator comprising: that a cause information element indicating that the user device intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator is not comprised in the service resume indicator, the cause information element being not comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the apparatus that the apparatus shall retrieve the first service indicator from the access node the method further comprising: determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, that the first service indicator is to be obtained, wherein, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator comprises retrieving the first service indicator from the access node.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the implicit indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator comprising: that a cause information element indicating another process is comprised in the service resume indicator, the information element indicating another process being comprised in the service resume indicator indicating to the apparatus that the apparatus shall retrieve the first service indicator from the access node, the method further comprising: determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, that the first service indicator is valid for the further shared processing service; wherein, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator comprise retrieving the first service indicator from the access node.

According to an example of the fourth example aspect, the method further comprising: obtaining the service indicator, from the user device in small data transmission.

The features and examples described above may equally pertain to the different aspects. It is to be understood that the presentation in this section is merely by way of examples and non-limiting.

Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing showing an example system. A user device (e.g. user equipment] 101 may carry out a shared processing service in a first cell 102, wherein the first cell 102 is provided by a first access node 104, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node 104 and a broadcast service (e.g. the user device receiving broadcast transmissions 108] provided by a second access node 105, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator. For instance, the user device 101 may have transmitted a first service indicator to an access node 104 for receiving multicast transmission^] via a multicast service provided by the access node 104 in a first cell 102. The user device 101 is signaled to enter an inactive connection state by access node 104. While in the inactive connection state the user device 101 may receive e.g. further multicast transmission [s] 107 from access node 104. The user device moves 110 to a different area (while in the inactive connection mode] and carries out a cell reselection, while the user device 101 is in an inactive connection state. The user device may determine, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell 103 selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell 103 is provided by a third access node 106 (providing the second cell 103], and wherein the determining the service resume indicator comprises determining whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell 103, the service resume indicator indicating for the third access node 106 to obtain a service indicator. The user device may subsequently, transmit the service resume indicator to the third access node 106, wherein in the case the first service indicator is determined valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell 103, the service indicator is the first service indicator, and in the case the service indicator is determined not valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell 103, the service indicator is a second service indicator. The third access node 106 providing the second cell 103 and a multicast service in the cell (e.g. the third access node transmitting multicast transmissions 109] may receive the service resume indicator from the user device 101, indicating that the user device 101 is in an inactive connection state and was carrying out a shared processing service in the first cell 102. Access node 106 may at least partly based on the service resume indicator determine whether the first service indicator is to be obtained (e.g. by determining whether the service resume indicator comprises a cause information element indicating that the third access node 106 shall retrieve the first service indicator from the first access node 104], Based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, access node 106 may obtain (e.g. retrieve] the first service indicator from the first access node 104. Based on determining that the first service indicator is not to be obtained, access node 106 may obtain a second service indicator e.g. by causing the user device 101 to enter a connected state (e.g. establish unicast communication] and transmit the second service indicator. At least partly based on the service indicator, the third access node 106 may determine a shared processing mode (such as determining scheduling and/or frequency for multicast transmission^] 109 to not interfere with broadcast transmission (s] 108] for the shared processing (service] and allow, at least partly based on the determined shared processing mode, the user device 101 to carry out the shared processing (service] in the second cell 103. Then, the user device 101 may carry out the shared processing service in the second cell 103, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node 106 (e.g. the user device receiving multicast transmission^] 109] and the broadcast service provided by the second access node 105 (e.g. receiving broadcast transmission^] 108], the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator (which may be the first or second service indicator].

Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a method 200 according to the third example aspect. The method 200 (e.g. carried out by an apparatus, e.g. user device (or user entity] 101] comprising: carrying out 201 a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator ; carrying out 202 a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; determining 203, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node, and wherein the determining the service resume indicator comprises determining whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service resume indicator indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator; transmitting 204 the service resume indicator to the third access node, wherein in the case the first service indicator is determined valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is the first service indicator, and in the case the service indicator is determined not valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is a second service indicator; and carrying out 205 the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a method 300 according to the fourth example aspect. The method 300 (e.g. carried out by an apparatus, e.g. access node 106] comprising: providing 301 a cell and a multicast service in the cell; receiving 302 a service resume indicator from a user device, indicating that the user device is in an inactive connection state and was carrying out a shared processing service in another cell, wherein the other cell is provided by an access node and wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the service resume indicator further indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator; determining 303, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, whether a first service indicator is to be obtained; based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining 304 the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is the first service indicator; based on determining that the first service indicator is not to be obtained, obtaining 305 the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is a second service indicator; determining 306, at least partly based on the service indicator, a shared processing mode for the shared processing service; allowing 307, at least partly based on the determined shared processing mode, the user device to carry out the shared processing service in the cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises the multicast service provided by the apparatus and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

A UE e.g. with limited hardware and software resources may be expected to receive broadcast messages (broadcast transmissions] from one cell, while it may have multicast communication (e.g. receive multicast transmissions] with same or another network simultaneously from another cell.

Broadcast Services: broadcast reception for the UEs may be enabled in IDLE/INACTIVE/CONNECTED RRC states.

E.g. for the UE to receive an MBS broadcast in the RRCJDLE/RRCJNACTIVE mode, i. SIB20 may include information for the UE to receive the Multicast Control Channel (MCCH] information including the repetition period and configured transmission/reception window of MCCH. ii. The MCCH information, that is the control information for the UE to understand which broadcast services are provided in the cell and the scheduling information to receive the broadcasted data may be transmitted periodically by a gNB using a configurable repetition period and within a configured transmission window.

MCCH may provide information about the Multicast Traffic Channels (MTCHs] (the data channels where the broadcast services are provided]. This information may include search spaces, discontinuous reception (DRX] information, etc. for the UE to be able to receive the relevant MTCH(s], Each TMGI - which is an identifier of a specific broadcast service - may be mapped to a specific MTCH. iii. UE may read and decodes the SIB20 message and learn the MCCH configuration/scheduling details. Then the UE may read the MCCH to learn about which services are provided in the cell and their scheduling information.

For the UEs in RRC_CONNECTED mode, SIB reading may be bypassed, as the UE is provided with the search space configuration to receive MCCH within PDCCH_ConfigCommon. A UE may be required to receive both unicast (or multicast] and MBS broadcast (substantially] simultaneously from different cells of either the same or different networks/operators. Such unicast (or multicast] connection may assume the connection of a UE to a cell, whereas the UE may share its hardware and software resources between those broadcast and unicast receptions, which may in turn lead to limitations in unicast transmission/reception.

For shared processing for MBS broadcast and unicast reception, i.e., including UE capability and related assistance information reporting regarding simultaneous unicast or multicast reception in RRC_CONNECTED and MBS broadcast reception from the same or different operators, UE may transmit a MBS interest indication (Mil] message to the cell that the UE is CONNECTED to, so that such cell can determine a shared processing mode to ease UEs parallel processing in two different cells. For that, Mil may at least comprise information of:

• sub-carrier spacing,

• carrier frequency,

• bandwidth, of the cell where the UE receives the broadcast. With such information, a unicast cell may be expected to determine a shared processing mode, e.g., make scheduling decisions, make proper active BWP configuration, etc., to ease the handling of such parallel reception by the UE using shared hardware and software resources.

In addition, such operation of UE sending an Mil for shared processing purposes may be enabled/disabled by a flag to be transmitted in the unicast cell within SIB1.

Multicast Services: multicast transmissions via a multicast service may be received in RRC_CONNECTED and/or RRCJNACTIVE state.

In case a UE is in RRCJNACTIVE state, it e.g. shall apply the configuration of the multicast service in the cell to start/ continue receiving a multicast service the UE has joined. A UE may be able to move within the cells of the RAN notification area (RNA], where the UE is in the RRCJNACTIVE state, without notifying the gNBs about their location and still being able to receive multicast services in RRCJNACTIVE state.

A UE in RRCJNACTIVE state may be able to receive multicast services and move to another cell in the RNA while receiving the multicast service without notifying the network and may be able to receive the same service also in the reselected newly camped cell.

Several examples are described below: (Example 1] UE in RRCJNACTIVE state may signal in RRC Resume Request a new cause, e.g., Mil for shared processing, in case UE aims to inform about the UE broadcast reception from another non-serving cell.

(Example la] In some examples, the new cause value may be indicated if the aim of the UE is not to reconnect after moving to another cell in the RNA, but rather just to guide the newly camped gNB to retrieve the previously reported Mil from the previously serving cell of the UE.

In case the UE would like to reconnect and send the Mil for shared processing, e.g., the UE had never sent Mil before or the content of Mil has changed, due to changes in broadcast reception, compared to the content of the Mil that the UE sent before to another gNB, the UE may refrain from indicating a new cause value and just indicates cause value to send UL data.

(Example lb] In some examples, there could be two new cause values. One cause value may indicate to the gNB that the UE intends to send a new Mil for shared processing, whose content will be different than what the UE had reported before. Another cause value may indicate to the gNB that the UE just wants gNB to retrieve the previously reported Mil from the last serving cell (similar to example la],

(Example 2] In some other examples, if the UE wants gNB to retrieve the UE context (along with already reported Mil] and not send a new Mil, the UE may utilize the defined cause RNAUpdate in RRC Resume Request, as such cause value may trigger the gNB to retrieve the UE context (along with already reported Mil] from the last serving cell of the UE and lets gNB know that UE does not intend to reconnect.

In examples 1 and 2, the UE may follow a SIB1 flag to enable/disable Mil for shared processing to be sent by the UE, i.e., if such operation is enabled, the UE can apply to the above examples.

(Example 3] gNB may signal in SIB explicitly about enabling/disabling of such UE operation in Examples 1 and 2, intending to inform gNB about shared processing. This may allow a mechanism for the gNB to separately control the behaviour of UEs in RRC_CONNECTED and RRCJNACTIVE (e.g. with a flag],

(Example 4] After receiving the RRC Resume Request, the gNB may inform the UE that already transmitted Mil by the UE to a previously connected cell had successfully been retrieved, and gNB may keep the UE in the RRCJNACTIVE state. This way, the UE e.g. would not try to reconnect to this cell for reporting Mil for shared processing once again.

(Example 5] As an option, if the UE supports Small Data Transmission (SDT), rather than above examples, UE can send the Mil for shared processing without connecting to the network using SDT transmissions for control plane signalling. For that, still the UE may follow the SIB1 flag to enable/disable Mil for shared processing or the flag in Example 3.

As an option, source cell sending the UE to RRCJNACTIVE may inform all cells in the RAN notification area (RNA], i.e., where the UE can move in RRCJNACTIVE state without notifying the network, about Mil that the UE had sent regarding shared processing. Receiving cells may directly determine a shared processing mode to enable such UE to be able to receive multicast from the cell and broadcast from another cell.

By applying the proposed examples, the gNB may efficiently determine shared processing modes based on the received Mil for shared processing, while still avoiding unnecessary/unwanted reconnections of a UE in the RRCJNACTIVE state that may lead to unnecessary power consumption. Such modes may also comprise of gNB deciding to serve the UE in RRC_CONNECTED state in a BWP based on received shared processing information. Another example mode may be that the UE is served in RRC_CONNECTED state with a better crafted configuration to assist the UE’s shared processing limitations.

For instance (regarding example modes], when receiving Mil indicating the broadcast service’s carrier frequency and bandwidth (these defining a particular region/range of frequency], receiving gNB may decide not to schedule transmissions within that frequency region. That way, the UE may receive the broadcast transmission in that frequency region, whereas receiving unicast/ multi cast transmission in other frequency regions even if broadcast and unicast/ multicast are transmitted at the same time instance.

Another example variant of determining a shared processing mode is providing the unicast/ multi cast in a specific frequency region, not because it overlaps originally with broadcast frequency region, rather than the UE may be capable of receiving transmissions in specific band combinations. For example, UE may receive only simultaneously in two specific frequency regions (pair called band combination]. Having broadcast service transmitted in one frequency region and gNB getting to know that, gNB may decide to transmit unicast/ multi cast in different frequency region.

In an example case Mil including a subcarrier spacing (SCS] (spacing between the physical resource elements in the frequency grid]. If that is sent by the UE, receiving gNB may get to know of the subcarrier spacing of the broadcasat cell. Some UEs may have limitations, such that they can only process one subcarrier frequency. If that is the case, receiving gNB may also decide to provide multicast/ unicast service using the same subcarrier spacing (SCS],

Figs. 4a, 4b, and 4c show a flowchart of an example of a method e.g. according to at least one of the third and fourth example aspect. A user equipment (UE] 401, in step 411 is e.g. in the RRC_CONNECTED state (a connected state] in gNBl Cell 1 and UE 401 had joined the multicast session 1 (e.g. via non-access stratum [NAS] procedures]. In step 412 UE 401 may receive multicast transmission of session 1 (e.g. from gNBl 404 providing cell 1], In step 413 UE 401 may be receiving multicast from gNBl 404. In step 412/413 UE 401 may be receiving the multicast session 1 while being in the RRC_CONNECTED state. In step 414 UE 401 may observe that transmission of Mil for shared processing is enabled by the gNBl via SIB1 (UE sees SIB1 enabling Mil for shared processing]. In step 415 UE sends Mil for shared processing. In step 416 gNBl may determine a shared processing mode to ease the shared processing of the UE for multicast transmissions from Cell 1 and broadcast transmission from another non-serving cell (in this case e.g. cell 3 (e.g. provided by gNB3 405], In step 417 UE may receive transmission of broadcast service A. In step 418 UE may be receiving broadcast from gNB3 405. In step 417/418 UE starts to receive the broadcast transmission from the non-serving Cell 3. In step 419 gNBl decides to send the UE to the RRCJNACTIVE state (e.g. UE receiving RRC release with suspendConfig], In step 420 UE starts camping in Cell 1 (e.g. UE in RRCJNACTIVE, camping in Cell 1], In step 421 gNBl transmits multicast transmission of session 1 to RRCJNACTIVE UEs (e.g. received by UE 401], In step 422 UE in RRCJNACTIVE state, receiving multicast service from gNB 1. In step 421/422 UE receives the Multicast session 1 in the RRCJNACTIVE state from Cell 1. In step 423 gNB3 may transmit and/or UE may receive transmission of broadcast service A. In step 424 UE may be receiving broadcast from gNB3 405. In step 423/424 UE may receive the broadcast transmission from the non-serving Cell 3 in parallel to multicast service from Cell 1. In step 425 UE may start camping in Cell 2 of gNB2 (e.g. UE reselects Cell 2 to camp on due to mobility. UE starts camping in Cell 2 of gNB2], In step 426 gNB2 transmits multicast transmission of Session 1 to RRCJNACTIVE UEs. In step 427 UE in RRCJNACTIVE state, starts receiving multicast service from gNB2. In step 426/427 UE starts receiving the multicast session 1 in RRCJNACTIVE state from Cell 2. 428 merely indicating a continuation from step 427.

Then, in option 1, step 429, UE may be camping in new gNB 406, may initiate RRC resume to provide Mil for shared processing based on SIB1 flag signalled by gNB2. In option 1, step 429 when camping in gNB2 406 cell 2, UE may initiate RRC Resume procedure to inform about the Mil for shared processing, so that the gNB e.g. may determine a mode in multicast transmission. Such initiating may be due to UE starting to camp under a new gNB/cell or UE intending to transmit a new Mil different than the one sent before to the network due to the changes to be reported in Mil. UE may check the SIB1 flag (allowance indicator] for enabling/ disabling Mil for shared processing first, before initiating the resume procedure. In option 2, step 430 gNB transmits SIB1 with flag (allowance indicator] to enable Mil from RRCJNACTIVE UEs. In step 431, (example E3] UE may be camping in new gNB, may initiate RRC resume to provide Mil for shared processing based on SIB1 flag signalled by gNB2. In option 2, 1 step 430/431 when camping in gNB2 Cell 2, UE may initiate RRC Resume procedure to inform about the Mil for shared processing, so that the gNB e.g. can determine a mode in multicast transmission. Such initiating may be due to UE starting to camp under a new gNB/cell or UE intending to transmit a new Mil different than the one sent before to the network due to the changes to be reported in MIL (Example E3] UE may check the flag (allowance indicator] for enabling/ disabling Mil for shared processing operation for the UEs in RRCJNACTIVE state first, before initiating the resume procedure. This flag may be different than the one that enables/disables Mil operation for UEs in RRC_CONNECTED state.

In step 432 UE may send RRC Resume Request (a service resume indicator]:

(Example El] with a cause value "Mil for shared processing” (an obtain indicator], (Example Ela] with cause value "Mil for shared processing” only if there are no changes compared to Mil transmitted last time. If there are changes, the UE may anyway need to come back to RRC_CONENCTED.

(Example Elb] One cause value may indicate to the gNB that the UE intends to send a new Mil for shared processing, whose content will be different than what the UE had reported before. Another cause value may indicate to the gNB that the UE just wants gNB to retrieve the previously reported Mil from the lastly serving cell.

(Example E2] if the UE wants gNB to retrieve the UE context (along with already reported Mil] and not send a new Mil, the UE may utilize the defined cause RNAUpdate (another cause] in RRC Resume Request.

For instance, in step 432 UE may send RRC Resume Request (a service resume indicator]: (Example El] with a cause = "Mil for shared processing” (an obtain indicator], (Example Ela] cause if only no changes in Mil since last time. (Example Elb] with cause = "new/old Mil for Shared Processing”.

(Example E2] Cause = "RNA Update” (another cause] in case no changes in Mil since last time.

In step 433, (gNB2] understanding UE intends to inform about Mil for shared processing, understanding whether the UE intends to initiate Mil fetching from last serving cell or wants to send new MIL

In step 433, gNB 2 may understand that UE intends to inform about Mil for shared processing. (Example Ela] cause value indicates there are no changes compared to Mil transmitted last time. gNB may understand that if the UE context can successfully be retrieved from the last serving cell, this UE does not need to reconnect and can stay in RRCJNACTIVE. (Example Elb] One cause value may indicate to the gNB that the UE intends to send a new Mil for shared processing, whose content will be different than what the UE had reported before. gNB understands that it should resume the UE’s connection, no matter whether the UE context is retrieved successfully from the last serving cell. Another cause value may indicate to the gNB that the UE just wants gNB to retrieve the previously reported Mil from the lastly serving cell. gNB may understand that if the UE context can successfully be retrieved from the last serving cell, this UE does not need to reconnect and may stay in RRCJNACTIVE.

(Example E2] gNB may retrieve the UE context, as being done after RNAUpdate cause and may understand that if the UE context can successfully be retrieved from the last serving cell, this UE does not need to reconnect and may stay in RRCJNACTIVE.

434 merely indicating a continuation from step 433.

In scenario 1, step 435 gNB2 e.g. successfully retrieves UE context including the Mil from gNBl. E.g. in step 435 successful retrieval of UE context including Mil. In step 436, (gNB2] informed about Mil via UE context, therefore, it does not make the UE resume the RRC connection to send a new Mil. In step 436 based on step 433 and 435, (gNB2] may determine whether it needs to resume the UE connection or not. In this scenario, it may determine that UE does not need to report a new Mil and previous Mil that was sent is successfully retrieved within the UE context from last serving gNBl. In step 437 (gNB2] may keep the UE in RRCJNACTIVE state. (Example E4] UE is informed with a flag (an indication of a successful obtaining of the service indicator] that Mil retrieval was successful. This may also be an indication that UE context was retrieved successfully.

In step 437 gNB2 may transmit RRC release with suspendConifg or RRC reject plus for instance (example E4] flag on Mil retrieval (an indication of a successful obtaining of the service indicator]. In step 437 (gNB2] may keep the UE in RRCJNACTIVE state (an inactive connection state]. In step 438, UE may be learning Mil already retrieved, no need for retry of resume for this purpose. In step 438, UE may learn that Mil was retrieved successfully by gNB2, therefore, it does not need to resend Mil to gNB2 unless there are new changes to be reported. In step 439, UE may stay in RRCJNACTIVE (state] in Cell 2 of gNB2.

In scenario 2, step 440 gNB2 e.g. fails in retrieval of UE context including the Mil from gNBl. E.g. 440 failed retrieval of UE context. In step 441, a new Mil (a second service indictor] from the UE may be needed, as the old one could not be retrieved. E.g. gNB2 may determine a need for UE reconnection to report MIL In step 442 gNB2 may transmit RRC resume setup (an indication signaling the user device to enter a connected connection state and to transmit the second service indicator]. In step 443 UE e.g. connection establishment (a user device entering a connected connection state] followed by sending of Mil (a transmitting the second service indicator]. In step 442/443 e.g. procedures to resume the connection once UE context retrieval fails. UE may send a new Mil (a second service indicator] for shared processing after reconnection.

In step 444, gNB2 may determine a mode in multicast transmission based on the received Mil for shared processing (a shared processing mode], gNB2 may be determining a mode based on Mil for shared processing. In step 445 UE may receive transmission of broadcast service A. In step 446 UE may be receiving broadcast from gNB3. In step 445/446 UE may be receiving broadcast service A: a] (Scenario 1] in RRCJNACTIVE state (an inactive connection state], b] (Scenario 2] in RRC_CONNECTED state (a connected state].

Examples as described above may enable: to provide means for a gNB to be able to control reconnections in serving cell for transmission of Mil for shared processing, to provide means to efficiently determine a mode based on the received Mil for shared processing, while still avoiding unnecessary/unwanted reconnections of a UE in RRCJNACTIVE state that may lead to power consumption.

Examples are given below,

When a UE in RRCJnactive state arrives in a new serving cell and receives SIB1, which enables/disables the sharing of Mil, the UE may send an RRC_ConnectionResume message to new gNB. la] If the UE wants to reconnect and share the Mil with new gNB the UE may set the Cause IE of RRC_ConnectionResume message.

If the UE wants to inform the gNB that UE is also receiving broadcast from another cell, the UE may set the Cause IE of RRC_ConnectionResume message to a value, indicating as such. lb] If the UE wants to share the Mil with new gNB the UE may set the Cause IE of RRC_ConnectionResume message to a value, indicating as such.

If the UE wants the gNB to fetch UE context for gNB to which UE was previously connected, the UE may set the Cause IE of RRC_ConnectionResume message to a value, indicating as such.

If the UE wants the gNB to fetch UE context for gNB to which UE was previously connected, the UE can set the Cause IE of RRC_ConnectionResume message to RNAUpate.

In another example, new gNB may enable/disable transmission of Mil, using SIB and the UE in RRCJnactive state follows the instructions in SIB1.

In another example, the gNB may inform UE that the Mil has been fetched. A UE in RRCJnactive state, and capable of SDT, after receiving SIB1, may instead of responding with RRC_ConnectionResume, transmit the MU in SDT. UE may be sending RRC_ConnectionResume, either based on enable/disable flag from previous gNB or new gNB, to inform the new gNB about simultaneously receiving multicast and broadcast.

For instance, RRC_ConnectionResume may be used in following ways:

• To indicate that the UE wants to reconnect and share the Mil with new gNB, using values of IE.

• share the Mil with new gNB, using new IE.

• To indicate that UE is receiving Multicast and Broadcast simultaneously, using new IE.

• To request gNB to fetch UE context from the previous gNB, using new IE or using RNAUpdate.

In response to request to fetch UE Context, gNB may indicate to UE if UE context was successfully fetched. Further, the UE may in response of SIB1 transmit the Mil in SDT instead of RRC_ConnectionResume.

As an example an access node is disclosed comprising means for:

Transmitting a SIB1 flag to enable MBS Interest Indication [Mil] from RRCJNACTIVE UEs.

Receiving RRC_ConnectionResume message from UE to provide Mil for shared processing.

Receiving RRC_ConnectionResume message with a new cause comprising;

Mil for shared processing or, no changes in Mil since last time or,

New/old Mil for Shared Processing or,

RNA Update,

Estimating from received RRC_ConnectionResume message with the new cause, whether UE intends to inform about Mil for shared processing or initiate Mil fetching from last serving cell or wants to send new Mil

As an example a user device is disclosed comprising means for:

Receiving a SIB1 flag from gNB to enable transmission of MBS Interest Indication [Mil], while UE in RRCJnactive state; determining: Is SDT capable, after receiving SIB1,

If yes, instead of responding with RRC_ConnectionResume, transmits the Mil in SDT. Else- Transmitting RRC_ConnectionResume message from UE to provide MU for shared processing.

Transmitting RRC_ConnectionResume message with a cause comprising;

MU for shared processing or, no changes in Mil since last time or, New/old Mil for Shared Processing or, RNA Update.

Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 500 according to an example aspect, which may for instance represent one of the apparatus according to the first or second example aspect.

Apparatus 500 comprises a processor 501, program memory 502, working or main memory 503, data memory, communication interface^] 504, and an optional user interface 505.

Apparatus 500 may for instance be configured to carry out and/or control or comprise respective means (at least one of 501 to 505] for carrying out and/or controlling the method according to the third and/or fourth example aspect. Apparatus 500 may as well constitute an apparatus comprising at least one processor [501] and at least one memory [502] storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause an apparatus, e.g. apparatus 1000 at least to carry out and/or control the method according to all example aspects.

Processor 501 may for instance further control the memories 502 to 503, the communication interfacefs] 504, the optional user interface 505.

Processor 501 may for instance execute program code stored in program memory 502, which may for instance represent a readable storage medium comprising program code that, when executed by processor 501, causes the processor 501 to carry out the method according to the third or fourth example aspect.

Processor 501 (and also any other processor mentioned in this specification] may be a processor of any suitable type. Processor 501 may comprise but is not limited to one or more microprocessor^], one or more processorfs] with accompanying one or more digital signal processorfs], one or more processorfs] without accompanying digital signal processorfs], one or more special-purpose computer chips, one or more field-programmable gate arrayfs] (FPGA(s]], one or more controllerfs], one or more application-specific integrated circuitfs] (ASIC(s]], or one or more computer(s]/server(s]. The relevant structure/hardware has been programmed in such a way to carry out the described function. Processor 1001 may for instance be an application processor that runs an operating system. Program memory 502 may also be included into processor 501. This memory may for instance be fixedly connected to processor 501, or be at least partially removable from processor 501, for instance in the form of a memory card or stick. Program memory 502 may for instance be non-volatile memory. It may for instance be a FLASH memory (or a part thereof), any of a Read-Only-Memory, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM memory (or a part thereof) or a hard disc (or a part thereof), to name but a few examples. Program memory 502 may also comprise an operating system for processor 501. Program memory 502 may also comprise a firmware for apparatus 500.

Apparatus 500 comprises a working memory 503, for instance in the form of a volatile memory. It may for instance be a Random Access Memory (RAM) or Dynamic RAM (DRAM), to give but a few nonlimiting examples. It may for instance be used by processor 501 when executing an operating system and/or computer program.

Data memory may for instance be a non-volatile memory. It may for instance be a FLASH memory (or a part thereof), any of a ROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM memory (or a part thereof) or a hard disc (or a part thereof), to name but a few examples. Data memory may for instance store one or more pieces of information, e.g. a measurement of a first signal, information on a first subspace, additional information.

Communication interface(s) 504 enable apparatus 500 to communicate with other entities, e.g. another apparatus. The communication interface(s) 504 may for instance comprise a wireless interface, e.g. a cellular radio communication interface and/or a WLAN interface) and/or wire-bound interface, e.g. an IP-based interface, for instance to communicate with entities via the Internet. Communication interface(s) may enable apparatus 500 to communicate with other entities, for instance one or more entities as comprised by a mobile communication network (e.g. user device or access node).

User interface 505 is optional and may comprise a display for displaying information to a user and/or an input device (e.g. a keyboard, keypad, touchpad, mouse, etc.) for receiving information from a user.

Some or all of the components of the apparatus 500 may for instance be connected via a bus. Some or all of the components of the apparatus 1000 may for instance be combined into one or more modules.

The term "non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).

In the present specification, any presented connection in the described examples is to be understood in a way that the involved components are operationally coupled. Thus, the connections can be direct or indirect with any number or combination of intervening elements, and there may be merely a functional relationship between the components. Moreover, any of the methods, processes and actions described or illustrated herein may be implemented using executable instructions in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor and stored on a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., disk, memory, or the like] to be executed by such a processor. References to a ‘computer-readable storage medium’ should be understood to encompass specialized circuits such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices.

The expression "A and/or B” is considered to comprise any one of the following three scenarios: [i] A, [ii] B, (hi] A and B. Furthermore, the article "a” is not to be understood as "one”, i.e. use of the expression "an element” does not preclude that also further elements are present. The term "comprising” is to be understood in an open sense, i.e. in a way that an object that "comprises an element A” may also comprise further elements in addition to element A. Further, the term "comprising” may be limited to "consisting of’, i.e. consisting of only the specified elements.

The expression "at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and "at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by "and” or "or”, mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.

It will be understood that all presented examples are only given as examples, and that any feature presented for a particular example may be used with any aspect on its own or in combination with any feature presented for the same or another particular example and/or in combination with any other feature not mentioned. For instance, the examples presented in this specification shall also be understood to be disclosed in all possible combinations with each other, as far as it is technically reasonable and the examples are not alternatives with respect to each other. It will further be understood that any feature presented for an example in a particular category (method/apparatus/computer program/ system] may also be used in a corresponding manner in an example of any other category. It should also be understood that presence of a feature in the presented examples shall not necessarily mean that this feature forms an essential feature and cannot be omitted or substituted.

The statement of a feature comprises at least one of the subsequently enumerated features is not mandatory in the way that the feature comprises all subsequently enumerated features, or at least one feature of the plurality of the subsequently enumerated features. Also, a selection of the enumerated features in any combination or a selection of only one of the enumerated features is possible. The specific combination of all subsequently enumerated features may as well be considered. Also, a plurality of only one of the enumerated features may be possible. The sequence of all method steps presented above is not mandatory, also alternative sequences may be possible. Nevertheless, the specific sequence of method steps as an example shown in the figures shall be considered as one possible sequence of method steps for the respective example described by the respective figure.

The subject-matter has been described above by means of example. It should be noted that there are alternative ways and variations which are obvious to a skilled person in the art and can be implemented without deviating from the scope of the appended claims.

List of abbreviations:

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

5G 5-th Generation

CU Centralized Unit

DU Distributed Unit

FDD Frequency Division Duplex gNB next generation NodeB / 5G Base Station

IE Information Element

MBS Multicast and Broadcast Services

MCCH Multicast Control Channel

MU Multi User

NR New Radio

RAN Radio Access Network

RNA RAN notification area

RRC Radio Resource Control

RS Reference Signal

SIB System Information Block

SDT Small Data Transmission

SU Single User

UE User Equipment / mobile terminal

UL Uplink

Claims (30)

C l a i m s

1. An apparatus comprising: means for carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator ; means for carrying out a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; means for determining, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node, and wherein the determining the service resume indicator comprises determining whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service resume indicator indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator; means for transmitting the service resume indicator to the third access node, wherein in the case the first service indicator is determined valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is the first service indicator, and in the case the service indicator is determined not valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is a second service indicator; and means for carrying out the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the shared processing service in the first cell comprises receiving at least one transmission via at least one of the following: a unicast or a multicast service from the first access node and receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node the shared processing service being associated with the first service indicator, and processing the received transmissions using shared resources of the apparatus; and wherein the shared processing service in the second cell comprises receiving at least one transmission via a multicast service from the third access node and receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator, and processing the received transmissions using the shared resources of the apparatus.

3. The apparatus according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the determining, while in an inactive connection state, whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell comprises determining whether information comprised in the first service indicator remains unchanged for the continuing the shared processing.

4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the service resume indicator comprising an obtain indicator for indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator, wherein the obtain indicator is an explicit obtain indicator.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 to 4, wherein the indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator is an implicit indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the apparatus further comprising: means for receiving an allowance indicator indicating whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator; means for determining, at least partly based on the allowance indicator, whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator; and wherein determining, whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing is based upon the determining that the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about the service indicator.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting, to the first access node, a first service indicator.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the apparatus further comprises: means for determining whether obtaining of the service indicator was successful; wherein, upon determining that the obtaining was successful, the apparatus remaining in the inactive connection state; and means for, upon determining that the obtaining was not successful, determining the second service indicator and transmitting the determined second service indicator to the third access node.

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the service indicator is a multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing, the first service indicator is a first multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing, and the second service indicator is a second multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing.

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the means for carrying out the shared processing service in the first cell are means for carrying out, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state, the shared processing service in the first cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of the unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator.

11. An apparatus comprising: means for providing a cell and a multicast service in the cell; means for receiving a service resume indicator from a user device, indicating that the user device is in an inactive connection state and was carrying out a shared processing service in another cell, wherein the other cell is provided by an access node and wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the service resume indicator further indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator; means for determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, whether a first service indicator is to be obtained ; means for, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is the first service indicator; means for, based on determining that the first service indicator is not to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is a second service indicator; means for determining, at least partly based on the service indicator, a shared processing mode for the shared processing service; means for allowing, at least partly based on the determined shared processing mode, the user device to carry out the shared processing service in the cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises the multicast service provided by the apparatus and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the means for, based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator comprise means for retrieving the first service indicator from the access node.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11 to 12, the apparatus further comprising: means for transmitting, to the user device, an allowance indicator indicating whether the user device is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator, wherein the apparatus has not received an indication that the user device left the inactive state.

14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 13, the service resume indicator comprising an obtain indicator for indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator, wherein the obtain indicator comprises an explicit obtain indicator; and wherein the obtaining the service indicator is at least partly based on the obtain indicator.

15. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator comprises an implicit indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator; and wherein the obtaining the service indicator is at least partly based on the implicit indicating.

16. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 15, the apparatus further comprising: means for obtaining the service indicator, from the user device in small data transmission.

17. A method comprising: carrying out a shared processing service in a first cell, wherein the first cell is provided by a first access node, wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the first access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the shared processing service being associated with a first service indicator; carrying out a cell reselection, while the apparatus is in an inactive connection state; determining, while in the inactive connection state, a service resume indicator for continuing the shared processing service in a second cell selected in the cell reselection, wherein the second cell is provided by a third access node, and wherein the determining the service resume indicator comprises determining whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service resume indicator indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator; transmitting the service resume indicator to the third access node, wherein in the case the first service indicator is determined valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is the first service indicator, and in the case the service indicator is determined not valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell, the service indicator is a second service indicator; and carrying out the shared processing service in the second cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises a multicast service provided by the third access node and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the shared processing service in the first cell comprises receiving at least one transmission via at least one of the following: a unicast or a multicast service from the first access node and receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node the shared processing service being associated with the first service indicator, and processing the received transmissions using shared resources of the apparatus; and wherein the shared processing service in the second cell comprises receiving at least one transmission via a multicast service from the third access node and receiving at least one transmission via a broadcast service from the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator, and processing the received transmissions using the shared resources of the apparatus.

19. The method according to claims 17 or 18, wherein the determining, while in an inactive connection state, whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing service in the second cell comprises determining whether information comprised in the first service indicator remains unchanged for the continuing the shared processing.

20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, the service resume indicator comprising an obtain indicator for indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator, wherein the obtain indicator is an explicit obtain indicator.

21. The method according to claim 17 to 20, wherein the indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator is an implicit indicating for the third access node to obtain a service indicator.

22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, the method further comprising: receiving an allowance indicator indicating whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator; determining, at least partly based on the allowance indicator, whether the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about a service indicator; and wherein determining, whether the first service indicator is valid for continuing the shared processing is based upon the determining that the apparatus is allowed to carry out operations to inform about the service indicator.

23. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 22, the method further comprising: determining whether obtaining of the service indicator was successful; wherein, upon determining that the obtaining was successful, the apparatus remaining in the inactive connection state; and upon determining that the obtaining was not successful, determining the second service indicator and transmitting the determined second service indicator to the third access node.

24. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the service indicator is a multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing, the first service indicator is a first multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing, and the second service indicator is a second multicast and broadcast service interest indicator for shared processing.

25. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, wherein carrying out the shared processing service in the first cell is carried out while the apparatus is in the inactive connection state.

26. A method comprising: providing a cell and a multicast service in the cell; receiving a service resume indicator from a user device, indicating that the user device is in an inactive connection state and was carrying out a shared processing service in another cell, wherein the other cell is provided by an access node and wherein the shared processing service comprises at least one of a unicast or multicast service provided by the access node and a broadcast service provided by a second access node, the service resume indicator further indicating for the apparatus to obtain a service indicator; determining, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, whether a first service indicator is to be obtained; based on determining that the first service indicator is to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is the first service indicator; based on determining that the first service indicator is not to be obtained, obtaining the service indicator, wherein the service indicator is a second service indicator; determining, at least partly based on the service indicator, a shared processing mode for the shared processing service; allowing, at least partly based on the determined shared processing mode, the user device to carry out the shared processing service in the cell, wherein the shared processing service comprises the multicast service provided by the apparatus and the broadcast service provided by the second access node, the shared processing service being associated with the service indicator.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the explicit obtain indicator comprises a cause information element indicating that the user device intends to enter a connected state and transmit the second service indicator, the method further comprising: causing, at least partly based on the service resume indicator, the user device to enter the connected state and to transmit the second service indicator.

28. The method according to claim 26 or 27, the method further comprising: obtaining the service indicator, from the user device in small data transmission.

29. A computer program product, comprising instructions, which when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to carry out or control the actions of the method according to claim 17 or 26.

30. A tangible storage medium comprising the computer program product according to claim 29.