WO2024230945A2

WO2024230945A2 - Method and device (system) for producing a material panel, material panel, and use of a material panel

Info

Publication number: WO2024230945A2
Application number: PCT/EP2024/000026
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ulrich Kaiser; Jochem Berns; Javane Oktaee; Moritz Schränkler
Original assignee: Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh
Priority date: 2023-05-05
Filing date: 2024-05-06
Publication date: 2024-11-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a material panel having at least one layer, wherein at least one of the at least one layer comprises a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant, wherein the method comprises a material flow comprising the base material along at least the following process steps: material preparation, gluing, spreading, pressing, finishing and the material flow is composed of at least a first material flow section and a second material flow section following the first material flow section, and wherein each material flow section is characterized at least by the following parameters: density, moisture, wherein at least one of the parameters can be influenced within the process steps. The aim is to provide a, preferably economical, method for the production of a particularly environmentally friendly and, in particular, particularly compatible material panel for the human organism. According to the invention, the moisture content of the material flow section passing through process step B, i.e. during gluing, is increased by at least 4 % ATRO, preferably by at least 6.5 %, particularly preferably by at least 8 %, very particularly preferably by at least 11.5 %. The invention also relates to an device for producing a material panel having at least one layer, and a material panel.

Description

Method and device (plant) for producing a material plate, material plate, and use of a material plate

The invention relates to a method for producing a material plate having at least one layer, wherein at least one of the at least one layer comprises a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant, wherein the method comprises a material flow comprising the base material along at least the following process steps: material preparation, gluing, spreading, pressing, packaging and the material flow is composed of at least a first material flow section and a second material flow section following the first material flow section, and wherein each material flow section is characterized by at least the following Parameters: density, moisture, whereby at least one of the parameters can be influenced within the process steps.

The invention further relates to a device for producing a material plate having at least one layer, wherein at least one of the at least one layer comprises a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant, wherein the device has a transport path by means of which a material flow comprising the base material can be transported along at least the following process steps: material preparation, gluing, spreading, pressing, packaging and the production sections provided for this purpose, in particular treatment stations, wherein the device is designed in such a way that the material flow composed of at least a first material flow section and a second material flow section following the first material flow section and characterized at least by the following parameters: density, moisture can be influenced within the process steps and the production sections provided for this purpose, in particular treatment stations, with regard to at least one of the parameters.

The invention further relates to a material plate which has at least one layer, wherein at least one of the at least one layer has a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant.

Finally, the invention relates to the use of a material panel for residential construction, in some cases with use as a predominantly insulating building element, in some cases with use as a predominantly force-absorbing element and preferably in the field of facade insulation and (residential) interior construction. The production of material plates takes place either in a cyclical or continuous manner. In cyclical production, the material plates are produced as flat objects with finite dimensions in all three spatial directions, while the material plates produced in a continuous process represent cut-to-length pieces of a web product with finite dimensions in only two spatial directions. The way the joining and/or compacting unit works, i.e. the production section intended for pressing and the treatment station designed for this purpose, determines whether the overall process is described as a cyclical or continuous process. Since the compacting units, or the combined joining and compacting units, generally work with significant pressures when producing material plates, these units are usually referred to by experts as a press part in relation to an entire system. When producing material panels as defined in this document, the working pressures here, depending on the material and size of the material panel to be produced, are usually in the range between about 50 N/cm ² and about 500 N/cm ² and, in this case, advantageously between 100 N/cm ² and 400 N/cm ² . In the case of the production of material panels intended for insulation purposes, which are also colloquially referred to as insulation panels, however, they are usually in the range between about 0.2 N/mm ² and 45 N/mm ² , usually only up to about 30 N/mm ² or even only up to 25 N/mm ² . In general, an individually adjustable pressure profile is used, depending on the desired material panel type and structure, desired thickness and quality.

Irrespective of the working pressures occurring in the press section or the pressure profiles designed and to be passed through in the areas mentioned, the material flow in both the so-called "cycle-based" and the "continuous" processes actually moves continuously over large parts of the overall process, i.e. within several production sections and the treatment stations of a device for the production of material plates designed to carry them out.

Material flow refers to the flow, i.e. the movement, of the material along successive production stages and the associated treatment stations which are ultimately decisive for the formation of the material plate, regardless of its final proportion remaining in the end product. Viewed as a whole, the material flow within a device for producing material plates, i.e. a material plate production plant, is made up in particular of the base material(s) obtained from an annual or perennial plant, the moisture contained therein, generally also fluids added at least in phases, in particular water, added binding agents and, in some cases, solvents included at least in phases, even if not all of the components mentioned have to be present in all production stages and/or their proportionate composition can change over the course of production.

Usually, processes for producing a material plate having at least one layer, where at least one of the at least one layer has a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant, provide that the material flow within the material plate production plant begins with the so-called "material preparation". There, only the base material(s) is usually present. Usually, the base material(s) are then, at least when entering this first production stage, in a "semi-finished" state, which means that the particles have often not yet assumed their final shape. In connection with the material preparation, the base material can also undergo initial moistening, i.e. generally treatment with water. In some cases, the base material is also shaped in this production stage. For example, a knife ring chipper, a knife shaft chipper and/or a refiner can be provided for this purpose.

In a second production phase, the so-called "drying" usually takes place.

This is usually followed by the third production stage known as "gluing". After leaving the "gluing" stage, the material flow then normally enters the production stage known as "scattering". This production stage is sometimes referred to by experts as "forming" or "scattering and forming". From there, the material flow then enters the The production stage is called "pressing", which is then followed by "assembly" as usually the last production stage within a material plate production plant.

In some cases, additional production stages can be inserted between this standard sequence of production stages. In particular, if the particles are to be formed in fiber form to form at least one of the at least one layer(s), "cooking" and, in some cases, additional "drying" can be provided.

In any case, the maturity level of the material flow increases along the successive production stages and the material plates are ultimately created from the components that were originally available as raw materials (semi-finished products). In order to be able to assess the changing compositions and properties of the material flow, the material flow is mentally divided into successive material flow sections. These material flow sections do not really have to be separated from one another, but are generally connected to one another at least in phases during their movement by the device for producing a material plate (the material plate production system). The material flow sections can be very short, for example just one or a few centimeters. In relation to the size of a typical material plate production plant, the press section of which can already be several tens of meters, for example 60 meters, in the case of a continuous press, it is usually more sensible to divide the material flow into other "batch sizes". One meter may be suitable for this. In other cases, however, it may also be sensible to mentally divide the length of the successive and at least partially connected material flow sections that form the material flow into the final length dimensions of the material plates to be produced from the outset. At least in Europe, these are usually lengths of 3 meters or even more frequently 6 meters. Most material plate production plants have sampling points in at least one area where so-called laboratory samples can be taken from the production flow for examination purposes. These sampling points are usually designed to take either one meter or one plate length, sometimes also for taking half a meter or half a plate length. Ultimately, however, samples in all of the lengths mentioned can be used more or less suitably for assessing the presence of features relevant to the invention. Samples can be taken in particular at the entry and exit areas of the respective production sections described.

Both in terms of economics and in terms of their technical usability, material boards having at least one layer, where at least one of the at least one layer has a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant, have a special status among material boards. Such material boards are often simply referred to by experts as "wood-based panels", even if they have one or more layers that are not based on a raw material obtained from a perennial plant. Wood-based panels are manufactured in a wide variety of designs for different applications. Particularly widespread are chipboards, OSB boards and MDF or HDF boards, as well as hybrid boards made up of individual layers of such composites. The name of the material boards depends on the shape and size of the wood particles used to build the board or layer. Experts speak of a chipboard when it is made from "fine" wood particles, whereas they speak of an OSB board when it is made from coarse wood particles. Experts generally understand fine wood particles to be particles whose maximum dimension in one spatial direction does not exceed 60 mm. These particles, described as chips, are usually even formed with a maximum dimension of 25 mm or even 20 mm, but on the other hand usually have minimum lengths of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm or even more. Experts generally understand coarse wood particles to be particles whose maximum dimension in one spatial direction is at least 60 mm. These particles, described as long chips, are usually even formed with a maximum dimension of 60 mm to 185 mm, in particular 80 mm to 140 mm. For special requirements, the particles can even be formed in the form of long chips with nominal dimensions of up to about 300 mm, e.g. in the range from 80 mm to 240 mm or from 150 mm to 300 mm.

MDF and HDF boards, or their individual layers, are made of (medium-density or high-density pressed) particles that are in fiber form and are usually obtained from the raw material with the interposition of a chemical process, usually a type of cooking process (so-called "cooking").

Hybrid panels consist of several layers of different types and are often particularly suitable when the material panel has to meet different requirements for its intended use.

The wood-based panels mentioned are therefore made from wood particles (chips, long chips or fibres) of different shapes and sizes, whereby the wood particles are bonded by stimulating their own adhesion mechanisms and adding adhesives (usually glue) in the so-called press part under the influence of pressure and temperature.

In recent times, the search for a material board that is as environmentally friendly as possible has become increasingly important, also based on the observation that consumption is generally increasing worldwide. In particular, efforts are being made to use annual plants, particularly grass-like plants, to produce material boards in addition to wood materials that take many years to grow back. These annual plants have the great advantage of growing quickly. Since annual plants do not lose their bark, their harvest products initially form a homogeneous raw material from a production point of view, the fibers of which can be obtained for material board production through a splicing process. Material boards with a single or multi-layer structure are also known from the state of the art, the individual layers of which consist of annual plants. However, the processing of annual plants is significantly more complicated than the material panels based on wood particles. The high level of silicates that are released during the manufacturing process, which have an abrasive effect on plant construction, is a major obstacle.

In addition, the mechanical properties of panels (layers) based on particles made from annual plants differ from those of their wood particle-based counterparts.

These problems alone are significantly slowing down the development of the use of material panels in growth markets and thus also slowing down overall economic growth in various markets.

In addition, a holistic view of a material board and its manufacturing process with the necessary plant construction also includes a holistic view of the material flow, the energy flow required to form the material board, and in particular the accompanying substances that are responsible for the formation process of the material board and its (mechanical) properties alongside the natural fiber-based particles. The binding agents are particularly important here.

Against this background, one object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a material plate which, viewed as a whole, makes it possible to produce a material plate which is particularly ecologically sound by today's standards. In addition, another object of the present invention can be seen in providing a material plate which is particularly ecologically sound in itself and which, in particular, has a low overall impact on the human organism and also on the environment, both in connection with its production and in connection with its use and subsequent disposal by today's standards.

Preferably, a material plate and a method for producing a material plate should be provided which has a particularly high proportion of materials obtained from renewable resources. At least one aspect of at least one of the above-mentioned objects is achieved in connection with a method mentioned at the outset for producing a material plate having at least one layer, wherein at least one of the at least one layer has a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant, in that the moisture of the material flow section passing through process step B, i.e. the "gluing", i.e. during the gluing, is increased by at least 4% ATRO, preferably by at least 6.5% ATRO, particularly preferably by at least 8% ATRO, very particularly preferably by at least 11.5% ATRO.

In other words, the moisture, i.e. the moisture content of the material flow consisting of successive material flow sections - or more simply, the web material - is increased during gluing by at least 4% ATRO, preferably by at least 6.5% ATRO, particularly preferably by at least 8% ATRO, very particularly preferably by at least 11.5% ATRO. When quantifying the increase in moisture, the absolute moisture content at the entrance and exit of the gluing process step is therefore considered in particular.

The moisture content here is the quantity often referred to as "wood moisture" or "wood humidity" and here simply as "moisture", which is characterized by the ratio of the water mass contained in the wood to the dry mass of the wood in percent. It should not be confused with the water content of the wood, which represents the ratio of the water mass contained in the wood to the total mass of the (moist) wood in percent. The moisture is measured and stated in percent (%) ATRO (Absolutely Dry).

Surprisingly, it has been shown that the general assumption that an increase in humidity would disturb the gluing process does not seem to apply, at least under certain circumstances. In any case, positive effects seem to outweigh the negative side effects under certain circumstances. It is assumed that a stimulation of the self-binding forces takes place, the positive effects of which can be seen in the gluing process appear to have a greater impact than the previously generally assumed negative effects associated with the disruptive influences of moisture on the setting process of the binders.

Since these observations were surprisingly made in tests that were carried out primarily on continuously operating presses whose total process speed is adjusted to about 600 mm/s to about 3000 mm/s, the time factor that arises at these production speeds for typical plant sizes between the exit of the "gluing" production section and the entrance to the "pressing" production section may also play a role.

In any case, the observed positive effects seem to turn negative again if the humidity is increased too much, for example by more than 18% or even only more than 16.5%.

It is therefore particularly recommended that the moisture content of the material flow section passing through process step B, i.e. "gluing", i.e. during gluing, is increased by between 4% ATRO and 18% ATRO, preferably between 4% ATRO and 16.5% ATRO, more preferably between 4% ATRO, more preferably between 6.5% ATRO and 16.5% ATRO, particularly preferably between 8% ATRO and 16.5% ATRO, most preferably between 11.5% ATRO and 16.5% ATRO.

Depending on the lignin and/or glucose content of the base material concerned, i.e. the annual or perennial plant variety used in the process, it may also be advisable to replace the upper limit of 16.5% with an upper limit of 15%. However, this appears to be advantageous for plant varieties with an above-average lignin and/or glucose content.

Independently of this, another positive influence that can be assumed in connection with the increase in moisture during gluing is that heat transport via moisture cross-linking can be improved.

It is possible that the conflict between the various influencing factors results in the relatively narrow window in which an increase in moisture within the gluing can the production of a material board of the type mentioned has a positive effect. The window of a maximum of 14% ATRO and in preferred cases only a few percent ATRO is to be understood as particularly narrow because the expert knows that wood can also have moisture levels of well over 100% ATRO, in some cases even over 150% ATRO.

Preferably, the process steps are carried out, at least in part, on the material flow section to be treated, while the material flow section concerned passes through a production section, in particular a treatment station, of a material plate production plant assigned to the process step concerned.

Furthermore, in the aforementioned contexts, it is advantageous if suitable sensors are available for detecting the parameters density and moisture in at least one production section, which are set up to transmit detected data to a control and/or regulating device of a material plate production plant used to carry out the method, i.e. a device for producing material plates.

The precise knowledge of the measured values of the parameters mentioned helps to ensure the ideal dosage of the binding agents and thus also contributes to the production of a material board that is as environmentally friendly as possible.

In this way, particularly safe and stable process sequences and particularly reproducible process results are obtained. This also serves to ensure occupational safety and can also help to save energy. This applies if at least the essential part of the respective process step in the material flow section to be treated is carried out when the material flow section in question passes through a production section, in particular a treatment station, of a material plate production plant assigned to the process step in question. In some cases it may be preferred that the base material comprises particles which are in fibrous form.

Due to its structure, fiber material has a relatively low moisture absorption capacity in relation to the surface it is made of, so there is a risk that moisture will settle on the surface of the fiber and not penetrate at all or only slightly, thus disrupting the wetting process and in particular the setting process of binding agents. However, surprisingly good results have been achieved in tests with long fibers that are particularly suitable for the production of insulation boards, as well as with fibers that are suitable for the production of MDF and/or HDF boards. It can be assumed that the high moisture distribution of a layer scattered with fibers, which can be achieved if the fibers are (re)moistened (already) during the gluing process, ensures good heat transport in downstream production stages.

Additionally or alternatively, it may also be preferred in certain cases for the base material to comprise particles which are in chip form.

Particles that are in chip form offer a high capacity for absorbing moisture, so that special synergy effects can be achieved in connection with the present process, even if their surface is relatively small in relation to the mass and the possibly stimulated, binding substances of the base material are thus limited in their exit to the surface of the particle.

It is of great advantage if the gluing is carried out on at least one first gluing, which is preferably carried out at a first production section assigned to the gluing, and in particular at a treatment station provided there for this purpose, and a second gluing, which is preferably carried out at a second production section associated with the gluing, and in particular at a treatment station provided there for this purpose.

Surprisingly, it has been found to be advantageous if the gluing and the associated moistening of the base material are carried out in at least two separate steps.

For example, the recovery behaviour of insulation boards can be positively influenced in this way.

In some cases it can be of great advantage if the moisture content is increased by a higher percentage during the first gluing than during the second gluing.

Under these circumstances, it can be particularly advantageous if the moisture content in connection with the first gluing is increased by a percentage that is preferably between 3 and 25 times, particularly preferably between 5 and 25 times, very preferably between 7 and 25 times, most preferably between 11.5 and 25 times, higher than in connection with the second gluing.

Surprisingly, these values have proven to be particularly positive in tests.

In other cases, however, it can be of great advantage if the moisture content is increased by a higher percentage during the second gluing than during the first gluing. Even under these circumstances, it can be particularly advantageous if the moisture content in connection with the second gluing is increased by a percentage that is preferably between 3 and 25 times, particularly preferably between 5 and 25 times, very preferably between 7 and 25 times, most preferably between 11.5 and 25 times, higher than in connection with the first gluing.

Surprisingly, these values were also observed in experiments to produce particularly beneficial effects.

In connection with various of the aforementioned embodiments, it may also be preferred if an initial gluing is carried out before the first gluing.

Surprisingly, particular advantages also arise here if the moisture content in connection with the initial gluing is increased by a percentage that is preferably between 3 and 25 times, particularly preferably between 5 and 25 times, very preferably between 7 and 25 times, most preferably between 11.5 and 25 times, smaller than in connection with the first gluing.

These values also cannot be explained according to current knowledge and were surprisingly obtained in experiments.

Particular advantages can result if at least part of the gluing, in particular the first gluing, is carried out before the base material, in particular the particles, are cooked in the cooking, in particular in a production section associated with the cooking, in particular a treatment station. For the purposes of this document, the term "cooking" refers to the steps necessary for breaking down the base material in the production of fibrous particles.

In particular, "cooking" in the sense of the present document should include steaming and/or cooking, which may be supplemented in some cases by (additional) chemical and/or mechanical disintegration to produce (individual) fibers from the base material. Cooking can therefore also include processing within a refiner and/or a chipper, for example a knife ring chipper or a knife shaft chipper.

In plant engineering, cooking is often also described as the wet part.

Such early gluing has the advantage that the elements of the glue responsible for the bonding structure can form particularly intensive bonds with the base material and the particles to be produced from it. On the other hand, however, it must also be taken into account that a significant amount of the binder is washed out and that in some cases the base material is not yet in its (final) particle form, it is particularly advisable to only provide an initial gluing in this form, which is then, for example, carried into the cooking liquid and/or in the cooking liquid even when the base material is mechanically split and can act on the (forming) fibers there. Overall, this way, despite the rinsing losses, the total amount of binder used, i.e. the total amount of binder to be used and the associated costs, can be reduced.

Important advantages can result if at least part of the gluing, in particular the first gluing, is carried out before and/or while the base material, in particular the particles, are dried in the drying process, in particular in a production section associated with the drying process, in particular a treatment station. The term "drying" refers to the production phase in which the drying process is clearly the focus. There are various production phases in which the material flow is already limited, for example due to its movement, a humidity and/or temperature gradient compared to the ambient air, or due to the increased temperature and/or increased ambient or pressing pressure.

In the production section, which is generally understood as drying in connection with the consideration of processes for the production of material boards, however, only ambient pressures usually prevail. Above all, however, drying is characterized by the fact that it takes place outside of the pressing and generally precedes this, and the moisture content is significantly reduced here. In drying, moisture levels of 70% ATRO and 120% ATRO in the inlet area of the drying process are usually reduced to around 6% ATRO to 12% ATRO in the outlet area.

During the drying process, the moisture content is reduced by at least two-thirds of the initial moisture content, usually by at least about 80% of the initial moisture content.

Gluing before and/or during drying allows the binder to remain with the particles to be bonded for a long time. In addition, the temperatures prevailing during drying cause the pores to open or at least expand, which is very beneficial to stable cross-linking. Previously, it was believed that binders added to the material flow before the end of drying and especially before it began would set prematurely and no longer show sufficient binding ability during pressing. In tests under the conditions of increasing the moisture content together with the gluing, it was observed that the opposite can then be achieved (within the narrow limits described above) and that due to the high binding ability, the amount of binder required can be reduced and/or at least partially replaced by particularly compatible binders. Advantageously, at least part of the gluing, in particular the second gluing after drying, is carried out in the drying process, in particular in a production section associated with the drying process, in particular a treatment station.

In this way, binding agents that are not suitable for passing through the drying stage of production can also have an influence on the overall gluing process, for example because they set due to the high temperatures prevailing there or because their binding capacity becomes unusable for the further process in some other way.

In addition, a certain inertia in the bonding process also seems to be observed, so that if at least a first application of glue is carried out before drying, a kind of refreshment of the bonding process by a second application of glue after drying also seems to promote the overall bonding process. In this way, the efficiency of a first application of glue before drying can be increased by carrying out a second application of glue after drying.

It may also be advantageous if at least part of the gluing, in particular the second gluing and/or a third gluing, is carried out within the scattering, in particular in a production section assigned to the scattering, in particular a treatment station.

In this way, the type and quantity of the binding agent can be assigned to the layer in question, since in order to distribute the individual layers arranged one above the other in the material flow, successive spreading heads are generally provided, each of which has a type of storage space in which, for example, the binding agent intended for the second and/or third gluing can then be dosed individually in accordance with the recipe of the material plate to be produced. If two different types of binding agents are used, a second and third application of glue could be carried out on a case-by-case basis.

It may also be preferred that the moisture content, preferably immediately before the first gluing, is between 2% ATRO and 19% ATRO, in particular between 4% ATRO and 16% ATRO, most particularly between 5.5% ATRO and 12.5% ATRO.

It can be seen that the moisture contained in the material flow section under consideration is increased by at least 20% up to at least 575% during the gluing process and in relation to its moisture content prevailing, in particular immediately before the first gluing.

The inventors now assume that the high moisture absorption capacity of the previously heavily dried base material or the particles formed from it, in particular the chips or fibers, is also reflected in an increased absorption rate of the moisture provided, which appears to have a positive effect on the willingness of the particles and binder to bond. Under these special conditions, the gluing can therefore be carried out particularly efficiently, which ultimately saves resources. This design can result in particular advantages if the method is used in connection with the production of a material plate according to the continuous process, since due to the transport speed of the material flow intended or desired there in order to achieve high productivity, high efficiency of the individual production stages and their interaction is particularly desirable.

Preferably, the method can also provide that the moisture content, preferably immediately before the initial gluing, is between 2% ATRO and 19% ATRO, in particular between 4% ATRO and 16% ATRO, most particularly between 5.5% ATRO and 12.5% ATRO. It can be seen that the moisture contained in the material flow section under consideration is increased by at least 20% up to at least 575% during the gluing process and relative to its moisture content prevailing, preferably immediately before the initial gluing.

In this context, too, the inventors assume that the high moisture absorption capacity of the previously heavily dried base material or of the particles formed from it, in particular the chips or fibers, is also reflected in an increased absorption rate of the moisture provided, which appears to have a positive effect on the willingness of the particles and binder to bond. Under these special conditions, the gluing can therefore be carried out particularly efficiently, which ultimately saves resources. This design can result in particular advantages if the method is used in connection with the production of a material plate according to the continuous process, since due to the transport speed of the material flow intended or desired there in order to achieve high productivity, high efficiency of the individual production stages and their interaction is particularly desirable.

It is particularly advantageous if, in connection with the gluing, in particular with the first gluing and/or the initial gluing, a binder is used whose content is at least largely, preferably at least 51%, more preferably at least 65%, even more preferably at least 80%, very preferably at least 95%, obtained from natural, in particular renewable, sources.

Such a binder is then preferably used as the first binder. It may be particularly preferred that the component of the binder obtained from natural sources consists of at least 51%, more preferably at least 65%, even more preferably at least 80%, very preferably at least 95% of at least water and at least one, preferably a combination of at least two of the following substances: lignin, protein, tamin, starch, glucose.

In this way, particularly environmentally friendly material panels can be produced. A particular advantage is that fumes from the material panels at their later place of use, for example as a facade component, as a component in the interior design of a home or as part of a piece of furniture, can be greatly reduced and are also much more compatible with the human organism from the outset, so that some of the expensive post-processing steps previously carried out can become superfluous in some cases.

Another particular advantage is that the material panels designed in this way are very easy to recycle and can, for example, be made compostable or simply thermally recycled with almost no harmful substances.

Alternatively or additionally, in the aforementioned context, it may also be particularly preferred that the first binder contains a proportion of between 0.03% and 7%, preferably between 0.3% and 7%, more preferably between 0.5% and 7%, most preferably between 0.8% and 4.5% of nitrogen compounds.

Nitrogen serves as a basic supply for naturally renewable raw materials, in particular wood-producing and grass-like plants, which in the context of this document are also referred to as annual or perennial plants. For this reason, it can act as a kind of catalyst in the willingness of the particles of the base material to bind together via binding agent(s).

Nitrogen is also fire-retardant and therefore increases safety when using the material panels, for example in residential construction, particularly in facade design and/or interior design. Finally, nitrogen already contained in the binder can make a later, less effective and yet more complex and expensive impregnation step unnecessary. Remarkable advantages can result if, in connection with the gluing, in particular with the second gluing and/or the third gluing, a binder is used which comprises at least one polyamide and/or at least one polymeric structure.

It may be preferred that the binder, which is preferably used as a second binder and in particular acts as a crosslinker, is a member of the PMDI group, i.e. a polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, such as resins, in particular PUR resins or isocyanate-containing substances, and/or a member of the PA group, i.e. a polyamine or a polyamide, and there in particular a member of the PAE subgroup, i.e. the polyamine-epichlorohydrins.

These binding agents are established and widely available and can therefore be used well in the present process. Within the narrow window of the specifications characterizing the present process, this group of binding agents, whose binding ability is generally assumed to decrease rapidly with increasing moisture content, shows a surprisingly increased binding capacity.

With regard to the particularly preferred embodiment described in this context, it has been shown in tests, quite surprisingly, that in this way the total requirement for binding agents can be reduced under given quality conditions, such as the achievement of certain bending and/or transverse tensile strengths. In other words, somewhat contradictorily, a particularly environmentally friendly material board can be produced if a particularly environmentally friendly binding agent is used, but its proportion is reduced and (if necessary in a downstream production process, i.e. when the material flow is on has already reached a higher level of maturity during its development into a material board) a binding agent known to be not very environmentally friendly is added.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if each material flow section is further characterized by at least the following parameters: temperature and/or pressure.

It is already known that the temperature and/or the pressure prevailing in a process section can, in some cases, have a significant influence on the behaviour, in particular the setting behaviour, of the binders used.

It is therefore particularly advantageous if suitable sensors are available for recording these parameters as well, which are set up to transmit recorded data to a control and/or regulating device of a material plate production plant used to carry out the process, i.e. a device for producing material plates.

In a device of the type mentioned at the outset, i.e. a device for producing a material plate having at least one layer, wherein at least one of the at least one layer comprises a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant, wherein the device has a transport path by means of which a material flow comprising the base material is carried out along at least the following process steps a) material preparation b) gluing c) scattering d) pressing e) packaging and the production sections provided for this purpose, in particular treatment stations, wherein the device is designed in such a way that the material flow composed of at least a first material flow section and a second material flow section following the first material flow section and characterized at least by the following parameters i) density ii) moisture can be influenced in such a way within the process steps and the production sections provided for this purpose, in particular treatment stations, with regard to at least one of the parameters, at least one partial aspect of at least one of the objects on which the present invention is based is achieved in that the moisture of the material flow section passing through the process step and the production section(s) provided for this purpose, in particular treatment station(s), within the treatment station(s) assigned to the gluing can be increased by at least 4% ATRO, preferably by at least 6.5% ATRO, particularly preferably by at least 8% ATRO, very particularly preferably by at least 11.5% ATRO.

In other words, the moisture, i.e. the moisture content of the material flow consisting of successive material flow sections - or more simply, the web material - is reduced during gluing by at least 4% ATRO, preferably by at least 6.5% ATRO, particularly preferably by at least 8% ATRO, most preferably increased by at least 11.5% ATRO When quantifying the increase in moisture, the absolute moisture content at the entrance and exit of the gluing process step is considered in particular.

The resulting advantages can be derived by the person skilled in the art at least in essence from the disclosures set out in connection with the description of the method, so that for economic reasons repetition will be dispensed with here.

Furthermore, the person skilled in the art will be instructed about possible designs and advantages of the device by the description of the figures set out further down in the document in conjunction with the figures.

Particularly great advantages result if the device for carrying out the method is designed according to one of claims 1 to 16.

Further advantages can arise if the device has a transport device for transporting the material flow along the transport path and while developing a transport speed, and the production section(s) provided for carrying out the process step, in particular treatment station(s), preferably the treatment station provided for carrying out the first gluing, has a gluing device which is designed to apply glue to the material flow in a manner adapted to the transport speed of the material flow and increasing its moisture content by at least 4% ATRO, preferably by at least 6.5% ATRO, particularly preferably by at least 8% ATRO, very particularly preferably by at least 11.5% ATRO. In this way, it is possible to make the increase in humidity (directly) controllable via the gluing device and, preferably in conjunction with the control and/or regulating device, even controllable.

Alternatively or additionally, it may also be particularly preferred if the gluing device is operatively connected to a control and/or regulating device for gluing the material flow adapted to the transport speed of the material flow.

In this way, the production of the material board can be influenced particularly well according to ecological standards. In particular, if the addition of at least one of the at least one binding agent is carried out at least overlappingly, preferably simultaneously, the inherent binding forces of the base material can be stimulated particularly well.

In a material plate having at least one layer, wherein at least one of the at least one layer comprises a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant, at least one partial aspect of at least one of the objects underlying the present invention is achieved in that the material plate is produced according to a method according to one of claims 1 to 16 and preferably using a device according to one of claims 17 to 20.

In this way, it is possible to provide a material board that, viewed as a whole, is produced in a particularly ecological manner by today's standards. a material plate is provided which is particularly ecologically designed and, in particular, has a low impact on the human organism and the environment, both in connection with its production and in connection with its use and subsequent disposal, according to today's standards. Such a material plate even has a particularly high proportion of materials obtained from renewable resources.

Alternatively or additionally, in a material plate which has at least one layer, wherein at least one of the at least one layer has a base material obtained from an annual or perennial plant, at least one partial aspect of at least one of the objects underlying the present invention is achieved in that at least one layer has a first binder and a second binder, wherein preferably both the first binder and the second binder are present in the finished material plate with a (mass) proportion (percent by weight) of at least 0.4%, preferably at least 0.8%, more preferably at least 1.2%, very preferably at least 1.6%.

Such a material panel is particularly environmentally friendly, since the total use of binding agents is kept very low given the quality requirements, especially given the required bending and transverse tensile strengths.

This is particularly the case when the first binder is assigned to a first type of binder and the second binder is assigned to a second type different from the first type.

It is particularly advantageous if, for the design of one of the aforementioned material panels, the first binding agent is at least largely obtained from at least one source which, within a period of 250 years, better after 100 years, preferably after 50 years, particularly preferably after 30 years, most preferably after 25 years, can be regenerated at least once.

The most important advantage is of course the protection of the environment and the sustainability of the material board. This not only means that so-called "non-renewable" resources, such as oil in particular, are conserved, but also that the ^CO2 footprint in the life cycle of a material board can be significantly reduced. This is because sources that can regenerate at least once within a certain period of time usually do not require any longer for their own degradation. This solves an additional problem, namely keeping the ^CO2 footprint of a material board as low as possible. Of course, the approach taken here is only one possibility of an almost unmanageable number of theoretically conceivable approaches, but surprisingly, according to our tests, it leads to success.

In the context of this document, the term "renewable" is to be understood as meaning that within the specified "period" a subsequent generation, e.g. of the plant variety or animal species, has already become technically usable as a source. A "non-renewable" source is understood to mean sources that cannot be regenerated in the usual way and in industrially economically usable quantities within a foreseeable time frame, such as oil or other mineral resources.

Binders which are at least largely obtained from at least one source which can be regenerated at least once within a period of 250 years, better 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, very preferably 25 years, are, advantageously, in particular free from hydrocarbons or free from hydrocarbon compounds.

Alternatively or additionally, great advantages arise if (also) the second binder and/or a third binder is at least largely derived from at least one source which can be regenerated at least once within a period of 250 years, better 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, most preferably 25 years.

Although surprising synergies could be achieved in experiments, particularly when - as described below - the second binder and/or third binder is free from regeneration, at least within a period of 250 years, preferably 500 years, particularly preferably 1,000 years, very preferably 2,500 years and/or is based on hydrocarbon compounds, it has been shown, at least just as surprisingly, that positive effects, for example on the flexural strength of a material plate containing plant fibers, can also be achieved when part of the first binder is replaced by part of a second binder, even if both binders are at least largely obtained from at least one source that can be regenerated at least once within a period of 250 years, better 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, very preferably 25 years, and even when both binders are free of hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon compounds.

It is therefore possible in certain constellations to reduce the necessary proportion of binders if a first and a second binder, both of which are at least largely obtained from at least one source that can be regenerated at least once within a period of 250 years, better 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, most preferably 25 years, and even if both binders are free of hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon compounds, are used and formed within one and the same layer of a material plate.

A preferred configuration is when the first binding agent is protein-based and the second binding agent is based on carbohydrate-based compounds, in particular starch and/or cellulose. Although a loose consideration of the two bases does not reveal any Synergy effects are to be expected, stronger bonds are formed within a natural fiber-based layer of a material board. It is also noteworthy that particularly high bending strength values can be achieved when one of the two binding agents predominates proportionally, apparently regardless of which of the two binding agents is present in the higher proportion.

Another preferred configuration can alternatively arise if the first binding agent is based on carbohydrate-based compounds, in particular starch and/or cellulose, and the second binding agent comes from the family of natural phenols. Phenols and starch compounds react well with each other and can form real bonds. Among the natural phenols, lignin and tamin play a particularly important role in the context of this document. However, special shell liquids also fall into this category, in particular cashew shell liquid (CLS). Lignin and tamin are willing to bond with starch, glucose and cellulose and can develop technically and economically viable synergies in terms of the achievable binding capacity, particularly with natural-based fibers.

It is surprising that greater synergies can be achieved when one of the two binders predominates proportionally, apparently regardless of which of the two binders is present in the higher proportion, so that it is preferred that the two binders are used in a ratio other than 1 to 1, or are formed within the relevant layer of the material plate. In particular, a ratio of 1 to 1.15 to 1 to 6.25 is proposed, with a ratio of 1 to 1.25 to 1 to 4.75 being preferred and a ratio of 1 to 1.5 to 1 to 4.25 being very preferred.

Although the person skilled in the art generally wants to avoid fatty films or layers when using binders, it is advantageous to provide fats or fatty acids together with the aforementioned binders within a layer of a material plate. Fats or fatty acids can be provided both as a second binder and as a third binder. In connection with some of the aforementioned embodiments of the material plate, (further) advantages thus arise if at least one, preferably two, of the at least two binders is based on natural phenols, in particular lignin and/or tamin and/or cashew shell liquid and/or based on natural fats or fatty acids, in particular linseed oil and/or natural carbohydrates, in particular starch and/or cellulose and/or glucose and/or based on proteins.

In some cases it may be preferred that the proteins are at least partially, preferably at least primarily, of plant origin.

On the one hand, this has the advantage that proteins of plant origin are available in sufficient quantities almost everywhere in the world and can be used economically and cost-effectively. In addition, proteins of plant origin can generally be combined well with other plant-based raw materials, in particular with natural fibers such as fibers, chips, long chips, wafers from annual or perennial plants, although the willingness to bind between the different plant varieties varies greatly and the plant operator may therefore be forced to make rough and fine adjustments between the binding agents containing plant proteins and the plant-based fibers on a seasonal basis, which can sometimes seriously disrupt the production flow and the continuity of the quality delivered to the customer.

In other cases, however, it may be preferred that the proteins are at least partly, preferably at least primarily, of animal origin.

Although the degree of similarity between the binding agent and the agent to be bound (natural fibres from annual or perennial plants) is lower, the common basis is smaller, which is why the present embodiment is only recommended in certain cases, namely when a good combination has been found between the binding agents containing proteins of animal origin and the agents to be bound containing plant fibres.

The applicant has found in tests that surprisingly good results can be achieved if the material plate has at least one layer whose binding agent comprises proteins obtained from pig-like animals and fibres obtained from coniferous wood, in particular from firs or spruces and/or at least one layer whose binding agent comprises proteins obtained from horned animals, in particular bovine animals, and fibres obtained from grass-like plants, such as straw or a type of bamboo plant (bamboo).

It may also be advantageous if the material plate is developed in such a way that the second binder and/or third binder is free from regenerability, at least within a period of 250 years, preferably 500 years, particularly preferably 1,000 years, most preferably 2,500 years.

Such binders have completely different binding mechanisms, which is why they have so far been used almost exclusively as binders for industrial material panel production, despite their massive negative impact on the environment and their exhaustive availability in the medium term.

It therefore seems obvious that due to the strength of the expression of the difference between binders which are at least largely obtained from at least one source which is regenerable at least once within a period of 250 years, better within 100 years, preferably within 50 years, particularly preferably within 30 years, most preferably within 25 years, and binders which are free from regenerability at least within a period of 250 years, preferably within 500 years, particularly preferably within 1,000 years, most preferably of 2,500 years, no synergy effects would be expected. However, completely surprisingly, experiments have shown that this is at least not always the case.

Surprisingly, synergy effects can actually be achieved, and in some cases they can even reach high levels. However, there are also deteriorations in the achievable strength values, which can sometimes be significant, if the two types of binder are present in an unfavorable ratio within the material plate (or a layer of a material plate under consideration). Since such deteriorations occur both with very high proportions of regenerable binders and binders that cannot be regenerated, and with small to very small proportions, it is only too understandable that the expert had to assume negative consequences for the possible combinations in between and in any case had to rule out synergy effects. Fortunately, however, the inventors recognized the potential of a chance observation in an experiment.

In the aforementioned case, very special advantages also arise if the second binder and/or third binder is based on formaldehyde-derived compounds, in particular UF and/or MUF and/or MUPF and/or PF and/or PRF and/or based on isocyanates or polyurethanes, in particular MDI and/or PMDI and/or PU and/or based on polyimines and/or polyethylenes and/or polyethyleneimines and/or based on polyamides and/or based on polyvinyl acetates.

UF stands for urea-containing or urea-derivative-containing resin glues

MUF stands for melamine urea-containing or urea-derivative-containing resin glues

PF stands for phenol-formaldehyde resin glues

MUPF stands for melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resin glues

PRF stands for Resorcinol Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Glue

MDI stands for diphenylmethane diisocyanate/(-containing) glues PMDI stands for polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate/(-containing) glues

PU stands for polyurethane

Surprisingly, great advantages can be expected in any case if the proportion of the first binder contained in the material plate is at least 50%, preferably at least 100%, more preferably at least 250%, particularly preferably at least 350%, very preferably at least 500% greater than that of the second binder and/or the third binder and/or the sum of the proportions of the second and third binder.

These values have surprisingly been confirmed in experiments.

It can now be assumed that the different binding agents make different contributions in different phases of bond formation and - possibly coincidentally - support each other in these areas of a constellation.

Furthermore, great advantages can be achieved if at least one further layer of the material plate comprises a first binder and a second binder.

In principle, this naturally results in positive scaling effects, but surprisingly it has been shown in experiments that it appears to be advantageous (at least in some cases) if a first ratio of a proportion of the first binder to that of the second binder within a first layer is deviated from a second ratio of a proportion of the first binder to that of the second binder within the further layer. The applicant does not currently have any further theoretical information on these observations. It is possible that the different formations result in different characteristics that disrupt the course of an external load within the material plate and thus contribute to its stability.

In some cases it is advantageous if the layer comprising at least one, at least two binders is formed as a core layer.

In this way, a particularly environmentally friendly material board can be provided, since the core layer usually forms a high volume proportion of the material board and thus a large amount of the binding agents used are stored in the core layer.

Although far less common, in other cases it may again be advantageous if the layer comprising at least one or at least two binders is designed as a covering layer.

Surprisingly, for example, the described synergy effects between a first binder, which is at least largely obtained from at least one source that can be regenerated at least once within a period of 250 years, better 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, very preferably 25 years, and a second binder, which is free from regeneration, at least within a period of 250 years, preferably 500 years, particularly preferably 1,000 years, very preferably 2,500 years within the aforementioned constellations, are so great that use in the stability of the cover layers, which essentially determines at least the flexural strength of a material plate, makes such use worthwhile. In any case, great advantages result if the at least one layer comprising at least two binders, or at least the at least two layers comprising binders, together form at least 35%, in particular at least 52%, most particularly at least 61% of a total volume of the material plate.

It may be preferred that the binder, which is preferably used as a second binder and in particular functions as a crosslinker, is a member of the PMDI group, i.e. a polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, such as resins, in particular PUR resins or isocyanate-containing substances, and/or a member of the PA group, i.e. a polyamine or a polyamide, and there in particular a member of the PAE subgroup, i.e. the polyamine-epichlorohydrins, while the first binder is at least largely, preferably at least 51%, more preferably at least 65%, even more preferably at least 80%, very preferably at least 95%, obtained from natural, in particular renewable, sources.

As contradictory as it may seem at first, this provides a particularly environmentally friendly material panel.

Particular advantages can therefore arise if the first binder is at least largely obtained from natural, in particular renewable, sources and the second binder comprises at least one polyamide and/or at least one polymer structure, and that the proportion of the first binder contained in the material plate is at least 50%, preferably at least 100%, more preferably at least 250%, particularly preferably at least 350%, very preferably at least 500% greater than that of the second binder. The respective proportion refers to the weight percentage of the respective binder contained in the material plate. At least 50% greater means that the (residual) weight of the first binder contained in the material plate is at least one and a half times the (residual) weight of the second binder. It should be noted that the binder defined here as the "first binder" and obtained from renewable resources is subject to a (significantly) higher weight loss in the manufacturing process than the binder defined here as the "second binder", which belongs to the group of binders produced on the basis of non-renewable resources.

Such a material plate is particularly environmentally friendly in terms of production, application and recycling behaviour.

In connection with the use of a material panel for residential construction, in some cases with use as a predominantly insulating building element, in some cases with use as a predominantly force-absorbing element and preferably in the field of facade insulation and (residential) interior construction, at least one (partial) aspect of at least one of the tasks underlying the present invention is achieved by using a material panel according to one of claims 21 to 23.

The resulting advantages will be at least somewhat accessible to the person skilled in the art from the descriptions of the advantages already given.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing which merely represents an exemplary embodiment. In the drawing:

Figure 1: A device and a method for producing a

material plate in a first embodiment

Figure 2: A device and a method for producing a

material plate in a second design

Figure 3: A single-layer material plate

Figure 4: A three-layer material plate

Figure 5: A five-layer material plate

Figure 6: A single-layer material plate

Figure 7: A three-layer material plate

Figure 8: A five-layer material plate Figures 1 to 8 show parts of a common drawing. Individually illustrated and described disclosures are, unless expressly stated otherwise, transferable at least in terms of meaning to disclosures of other figures. The figures also use the same reference symbols for the same references, but not all reference symbols have to be shown in all figures.

Figures 1 and 2 show exemplary embodiments of a method for producing a material plate 1, which is carried out using a device 100 for producing a material plate 1, wherein the material plate 1 produced, which can be designed for example according to a single-layer embodiment according to Figure 3, a three-layer embodiment according to Figure 4 or a five-layer embodiment according to Figure 5 and is designed for use, for example, in residential construction, in some cases with use as a predominantly insulating building element, in some cases with use as a predominantly force-absorbing element and preferably in the field of facade insulation and (residential) interior construction, and is used accordingly.

In detail, Figure 1 shows a method for producing a material plate 1 having at least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, wherein at least one of the at least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 has a base material 7 obtained from an annual or perennial plant, wherein the method comprises a material flow M comprising the base material 7 along at least the following process steps: a) material preparation (A) b) gluing (B) c) spreading (C) d) pressing (D) e) finishing (E) and the material flow M is composed of at least a first material flow section M-Ol and a second material flow section M-O2 following the first material flow section M-Ol, and wherein each material flow section M- 01, M-02,... is characterized by at least the following parameters i) density I ii) moisture II, wherein at least one of the parameters I, II can be influenced within the process steps A, B, C, D, E, wherein the moisture II of the material flow section M-Ol, M-02, to M-nn passing through the process step B is increased during the gluing B by at least 4% ATRO, preferably by at least 6.5% ATRO, particularly preferably by at least 8% ATRO, most particularly preferably by at least 11.5% ATRO. For this purpose, the method is carried out with the aid of a device 100 extending in space along a longitudinal direction X, a transverse direction Y and a height direction Z for producing a material plate 1 having at least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, wherein at least one of the at least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 has a base material 7 obtained from an annual or perennial plant, wherein the device 100 has a transport path 110 by means of which a material flow M comprising the base material 7 can be transported along at least the following process steps a) material preparation A b) gluing B c) spreading C d) pressing D e) assembly E and the production sections provided for this purpose, in particular treatment stations, 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E, wherein the device 100 is designed in such a way that the material flow section consisting of at least a first material flow section M-01 and a second, following the first material flow section M-01

Material flow section M-02 composed and characterized by at least the following parameters i) density I ii) moisture II material flow M can be influenced within the process steps A, B, C, D, E and the production sections provided for this purpose, in particular treatment stations 100-A, 100-B, 100-C, 100-D, 100-E with respect to at least one of the parameters I, II, such that the moisture II of the material flow section M-01, M-02,.... passing through the process step B and the production section(s) provided for this purpose, in particular treatment station(s) 100B, 100B-0, 100B-1, 100B-2, 100B-3 within the treatment station(s) 100B, 100B-0, 100B-1, 100B-2, assigned to the gluing B, 100B-3 can be increased by at least 4% ATRO, preferably by at least 6.5% ATRO, particularly preferably by at least 8% ATRO, very particularly preferably by at least 11.5% ATRO, wherein intermediate values within the said ranges can be selected via a control and/or regulating device 140.

The material flow M and the successive material flow sections M-01 to M-nn contained therein, which are each characterized by at least the parameters density I and moisture II, are shown by an arrow with several intermediate tips leading from the left side of the image to the right side of the image within the device 100. To record the parameters density I and moisture II, and in some cases, as shown in Figure 2, also the parameters temperature III and pressure IV, sensors of a type adapted to this purpose (not shown in more detail) can be provided, which can be contained, for example, in the treatment stations 100A to 100E shown, in the case of Figure 2 additionally 100F and 100G, or can be operatively connected to them. For this purpose, the control and/or regulating device 140 can exchange data via LAN or, as indicated, also via WLAN with at least one of the treatment stations mentioned, preferably with each of the treatment stations mentioned, so that data can also be transmitted from the sensors not shown here to the control and/or regulating device 140. Preferably, the Sensors are provided in the input and output areas of the respective production sections or of the treatment stations 100A to 100E comprising sensors, in the case of Figure 2 additionally 100F and 100G, in order to determine input and output values of the characterizing parameters I, II and, in some cases, III and IV and to send them to the control and/or regulating device 140.

The process steps A, B, C, D, E are carried out on the material flow section M-01, M-02 to be treated, while the affected material flow section M-01, M-02 passes through a production section assigned to the affected process step, in particular treatment station, 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E of the device (material plate production plant) 100.

The base material 7 entering process step A is formed there into particles 8, which can take on a fiber or chip form. It is also conceivable that part of the base material 7 is made into a fiber form, for example to produce a certain layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and another part of the base material is made into a chip form to produce another layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Both particle forms can then be contained in parallel in the material flow M, at least in sections, even if they use separate parts of the transport device 120 within the device 100, i.e. the transport path 110 can be designed to be multi-part at least in sections. A transport path (section) can be designed, for example, as a pipeline, bunker, blowline, conveyor belt, roller track or in other forms.

In the second production section, which at least indirectly follows the first production section A and the first treatment station 100A designed for this purpose, at least part of the gluing B is carried out within a treatment station 100B designed for this purpose. The gluing B is limited in Figure 1 to a first gluing Bl, which is carried out in a first production section 100B-1 assigned to the gluing. According to the embodiment according to Figure 2, however, the gluing B is divided into various sub-processes. There, already in production step A and within the treatment station A designed for this purpose, which of course, like the other treatment stations shown in Figures 1 and 2, can also consist of several individual devices if required. can be composed, an initial gluing B-0 is carried out, for which a first binding agent 9 is used. Alternatively, this initial gluing B-0, whose total proportion of the gluing, i.e. the binding agent mass added in the entire manufacturing process, is quite small, could also be carried out using a second binding agent 10, although the advantages are usually less pronounced here.

The binding agent 9 referred to as the "first binding agent" is characterized by a content which is at least largely, preferably at least 51%, more preferably at least 65%, even more preferably at least 80%, very preferably at least 95%, obtained from natural, in particular renewable, sources. The said components of the first binding agent 9 can in particular consist of water and at least one, preferably a combination of at least two of the following substances: lignin, protein, tamin, starch, glucose.

The binder 10 referred to as the "second binder", on the other hand, comprises at least one polyamide and/or at least one polymer structure. This second binder 10 can preferably be a member of the PMDI group, i.e. a polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, such as resins, in particular PUR resins or isocyanate-containing substances, and/or a member of the PA group, i.e. a polyamine or a polyamide, and in particular a member of the PAE subgroup, i.e. polyamine-epichlorohydrins. In terms of process technology, the second binder 10 is preferably used here as a "crosslinker".

After the initial gluing, the actual gluing takes place, which is referred to here as the "first gluing" B-l and represents the essential part of the gluing process. The first gluing B-l takes place within the treatment station 100B.

Alternatively, however, it could also be carried out in a manner not shown and at least in part at the end of the cooking F or at the beginning of the drying G, i.e. within the treatment stations 100F or 100G. In addition, in the embodiment according to Figure 2, a "second gluing" B-2 is provided using the described second binding agent 10, which is carried out within the process step C and within the treatment station 100C.

The moisture II of the material flow M or of the material flow section under consideration M-01 to M-nn is increased by a higher percentage in connection with the first gluing B-1 than in connection with the second gluing B-2. Depending on the recipe specified by the control and/or regulating unit 140, the moisture II in connection with the first gluing B-1 is increased by a percentage that is preferably between 3 times and 25 times, particularly preferably between 5 times and 25 times, very preferably between 7 times and 25 times, very preferably between 11.5 times and 25 times higher than in connection with the second gluing B-2.

In addition, the moisture II of the material flow M or of the material flow section under consideration M-01 to M-nn, likewise depending on the recipe selectable via the control and/or regulating device 140, is increased in connection with the initial gluing B-0 by a percentage, preferably between 3 times and 25 times, particularly preferably between 5 times and 25 times, very preferably between 7 times and 25 times, most preferably between 11.5 times and 25 times, smaller than in connection with the first gluing B-l.

Depending on the recipe, it may also be provided that the moisture content II (immediately) before the first gluing B-l is between 2% ATRO and 19% ATRO, in particular between 4% ATRO and 16% ATRO, most particularly between 5.5% ATRO and 12.5% ATRO.

It can be seen that the moisture II contained in the material flow section M-01 to M-nn under consideration is increased by at least 20% up to at least 575% during the gluing process and in relation to its moisture content prevailing (immediately) before the first gluing. Figures 3 to 5 show a material plate 1 which is produced according to a method according to one of claims 1 to 16 and preferably using a device 100 according to one of claims 17 to 20.

The first embodiment of the material plate 1 shown in Figure 3 shows a single-layer design with only one layer 2.

The layer 2 contains particles 8 formed from a base material and in the form of fibers FF, which are at least partially and at least regionally connected to a first binding agent 9. The material plate 1 according to Figure 3 extends, like the multi-layered embodiments of the material plate 1 shown in Figures 4 and 5, in space along a longitudinal direction X, a transverse direction Y and a height direction Z, which can correspond to the spatial coordinates X, Y and Z mentioned in connection with the description of the device 100.

The second embodiment of the material plate 1 shown in Figure 4 shows a three-layer structure with layers 2, 3 and 4 arranged one above the other in the Z direction, with layer 2 being designed as the middle layer and the two layers 3 and 4 as the outer layers. Layer 2 has particles 8 formed from a base material, for example a wood or grass-like material, which are formed in chip form SF and are essentially aligned in the transverse direction Y. The particles 8 are connected to one another within layer 2 under the influence of the first binding agent 9.

The particles 8 of the two outer layers 3 and 4, which are also formed from a base material, for example a wood or grass-like material, are also formed in chip form SF, but here in so-called long chip form. The long chips are connected to one another in layers 3 and 4 by the binding agents located there in the form of the first binding agent 9 and the second binding agent 10. In addition, they are essentially aligned in the longitudinal direction X. The material board shown can be referred to as a chipboard with OSB cover layers and is characterized by particularly high stability. The binding agent combination and its distribution, as well as the binding behavior generated by the manufacturing process within the material board 1 and its individual layers, also contribute significantly to this. The third embodiment of the material plate 1 shown in Figure 5 shows a five-layer structure with layers 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 arranged one above the other in the Z direction and differs from the embodiment shown in Figure 4 essentially in that layers 3 and 4 now also represent inner layers and are flanked by layers 5 and 6. Both layers 5 and 6 are designed as thin layers. The particles 8 located there are in fiber form and are also made from wood or grass-like base material. While the particles of the middle layer 2, as also shown in Figure 4, are only connected to the first binder 9, the cover layers 5 and 6 of the embodiment according to Figure 5 also have portions of both the first binder 9 and the second binder 10.

The embodiment of the material plate 1 shown in Figure 6 again shows a single-layer design with just one layer 2. The layer 2 contains particles 8 formed from a base material and this time in chip form SF, which are at least partially and at least in regions connected to a first binding agent 9 and a second binding agent 10 or 10', wherein at least the first binding agent is at least largely obtained from at least one source that can be regenerated at least once within a period of 250 years, better 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, very preferably 25 years. The material plate 1 according to Figure 6 extends, like the multi-layered embodiments of the material plate 1 shown in the other figures, in space along a longitudinal direction X, a transverse direction Y and a vertical direction Z, which can correspond to the spatial coordinates X, Y and Z mentioned in connection with the description of the device 100. A total volume 12 of the material plate 1 is formed within two essentially parallel dash-dot lines running along the Z direction, which is also shown in a corresponding manner in Figures 7 and 8.

Figure 7 again shows a material plate 1, which again has an exemplary three-layer structure with layers 2, 3 and 4 arranged one above the other in the Z direction. wherein the layer 2 is designed as a middle layer and the two layers 3 and 4 are designed as outer layers. The layer 2 has particles 8 formed from a base material, for example a wood- or grass-like material, which are designed in chip form SF and are aligned substantially in the transverse direction Y. The particles 8 are bonded to one another within the layer 2 under the influence of the first binder 9 and a second binder 10 or 10', wherein at least the first binder is at least largely obtained from at least one source which can be regenerated at least once within a period of 250 years, better 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, most preferably 25 years.

The embodiment of the material plate 1 shown in Figure 8 again shows a five-layer structure with layers 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 arranged one above the other in the Z direction and differs from the embodiment shown in Figure 7 essentially in that layers 3 and 4 now also represent inner layers and are flanked by layers 5 and 6. Both layers 5 and 6 are designed as thin layers. The particles 8 located there are in fiber form and are also made from wood or grass-like base material. While the particles of the middle layer 2 are connected to the first binder 9 and a second binder 10 (or 10 ), the layers 3 and 4 have only a single binder in the form of a second binder 10 (or 10 '), while the outer cover layers 5 and 6 of the embodiment according to Figure 8 now have portions of the first binder 9, as well as the second binder 10 (or 10 ') and a third binder 11, wherein at least the first binder is at least largely obtained from at least one source which can be regenerated at least once within a period of 250 years, better 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, very preferably 25 years. The embodiments of all figures, in particular the embodiments shown in figures 6 to 8, can have at least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, in which (also) the second binder 10 (or 10 ) and/or the third binder 11 is at least largely obtained from at least one source that can be regenerated at least once within a period of 250 years, better 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, most preferably 25 years.

At least one of the layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 bound by (at least) a first binder 9 and a second binder 10, in particular the embodiments shown in Figures 6 to 8, has at least one binder 9 that is free of hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon compounds and can also have layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 whose binders 9, 10, 10', 11 are completely free of hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon compounds, even if the binders 9, 10, 10', 11 are nevertheless designed differently from one another.

All of the embodiments shown can be designed in such a way that in at least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the material plate 1, the first binder 9 is protein-based and the second binder 10 (or 10') is based on carbohydrate-based compounds, in particular starch and/or cellulose, wherein one of the two binders then predominates proportionately in at least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

All of the illustrated embodiments, in particular those according to Figures 4, 5, 7, 8 and in particular those of Figures 7 and 8, can be designed such that in at least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the material plate 1, the first binder 9 is based on carbohydrate-derived compounds, in particular starch and/or cellulose, and the second binder 10 comes from the family of natural phenols.

At least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of at least one of the layers shown in the figures

Embodiments of the material plate 1 has in at least one of the two a state in which one of the two binding agents 9 or 10 predominates proportionately, i.e. the two binding agents 9, 10 are formed in a ratio deviating from 1 to 1, or are formed within the relevant layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the material plate 1. In particular, in at least one of the layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 a ratio of 1 to 1.15 to 1 to 6.25 is formed, wherein a ratio of 1 to 1.25 to 1 to 4.75 is preferred and a ratio of 1 to 1.5 to 1 to 4.25 is very preferred.

In at least one of the layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, fats or fatty acids can also be provided with the aforementioned binding agent(s) 9, 10, 10' together within a layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of a material plate 1, for example as a third binding agent 11 in layer 5 and/or 6 of Figure 8. In connection with at least some of the aforementioned embodiments of the material plate 1, (further) advantages thus arise if within at least one layer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the material plate 1 at least one, preferably two, of the at least two binding agents 9, 10, 10', 11 based on natural phenols, in particular lignin and/or tamin and/or cashew shell liquid and/or based on natural fats or fatty acids, in particular linseed oil and/or natural carbohydrates, in particular starch and/or cellulose and/or glucose and/or based on proteins is designed as is the case here in Figure 8. Figure 8 even shows in a special way a cover layer 5 which has a binder 9, 10, 10', 11 that comprises proteins which are at least partially, preferably at least primarily, of plant origin, while the other cover layer 6 has a binder 9, 10, 10', 11 that comprises proteins which are at least partially, preferably at least primarily, of animal origin.

The material plate 1 shown in Figure 8 has layer 5, the binding agent of which comprises proteins obtained from pig-like animals and fibers obtained from coniferous woods, in particular from firs or spruces, and in the form of layer 6 a layer whose binding agent comprises proteins obtained from horn-bearing animals, in particular bovine animals, and fibers obtained from grass-like plants, such as straw or a type of bamboo plant (bamboo). The binder formed as the second binder 10 of the layers 3 and 4 of the material plate 1 shown in Figure 8 is free from regeneration, at least within a period of 250 years, preferably 500 years, particularly preferably 1,000 years, very preferably 2,500 years. The second binder 10 of the core layer 2 in this material plate 1 according to Figure 8 is also free from regeneration, at least within a period of 250 years, preferably 500 years, particularly preferably 1,000 years, very preferably 2,500 years. Both binders 10 of the layers 2, 3 and 4 of the material plate 1 of Figure 8 are based on formaldehyde-derived compounds, in particular UF and/or MUF and/or MUPF and/or PF and/or PRF and/or based on isocyanates or polyurethanes, in particular MDI and/or PMDI and/or PU and/or based on polyimines and/or polyethylenes and/or polyethyleneimines and/or based on polyamides and/or based on polyvinyl acetates.

In the core layer 2, the proportion of the first binder 9 is at least 50%, preferably at least 100%, more preferably at least 250%, particularly preferably at least 350%, very preferably at least 500% greater than that of the second binder 10.

The at least one layer 2 comprising at least two binding agents 9, 10, 10', 11, or the at least two layers 2, 5, 6 comprising binders 9, 10, 10', 11 of the embodiments of the material plate 1 according to the figures shown, in particular Figures 6, 7 and 8, form individually according to Figures 3 and 6 or jointly according to Figures 4, 5, 7 and 8, at least 35%, in particular at least 52%, very particularly at least 61% of a total volume of the material plate 1.

It is self-evident that other embodiments or combinations may be chosen which may be designed within the scope of the disclosure of the present specification and within its scope of protection.

list of reference symbols

1 material plate

1' web material / not yet (fully) assembled material plate

2nd layer

3rd layer

4th layer

5th layer

6th layer

7 base material

8 particles

9 Binder, first binder

10 binders, second binder

10' binder, second binder

11 binder, third binder

12 total volumes

100 devices / system

100A production section, treatment station to A 100B Production section, treatment station to B

100B-0 Production section, treatment station to B-0

100B-1 Production section, treatment station to B-l

100B-2 Production section, treatment station to ß-2

100B-3 Production section, treatment station to B-3

100C production section, treatment station to C

100D production section, treatment station to D

100E production section, treatment station to E

100F production section, treatment station to F

100G production section, treatment station to G

110 transport path

120 transport device

130 gluing device

140 Control and/or regulating device

A material preparation

B Glue application

B-0 initial gluing

B-1 first gluing

B-2 second gluing

B-3 third gluing

C scattering D pressing

E assembly

F Cooking

G drying

M material flow

M-01 Material flow section, first material flow section

M-02 Material flow section, second material flow section

M-03 Material flow section, third material flow section

M-nn material flow section, n-th material flow section

P-FF particles in fiber form, fiber

P-SF particles in chip form, chip, long chip

V speed, transport speed

I Parameter, Density

II Parameter, Humidity (Moisture, Moisture Content)

III Parameter, Temperature

IV Parameter, Pressure

X spatial direction, longitudinal direction

Y spatial direction, transverse direction

Z altitude direction

Claims

patent claims

1. Method for producing a material plate (1) having at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), wherein at least one of the at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) has a base material (7) obtained from an annual or perennial plant, wherein the method comprises a material flow (M) comprising the base material (7) along at least the following process steps a) material preparation (A) b) gluing (B) c) scattering (C) d) pressing (D) e) assembly (E) and the material flow (M) is composed of at least a first material flow section (M-01) and a second material flow section (M-02) following the first material flow section (M-01), and wherein each material flow section (M-01, M-02,,..) is characterized at least by the following parameters i) density (I) ii) moisture (II), wherein within the process steps (A, B, C, D, E) can influence at least one of the parameters (I, II), characterized in that the humidity (II) of the material flow section (M-01, M-02, ....) passing through the process step (B) is increased by at least 4%, preferably by at least 6.5%, particularly preferably by at least 8%, most particularly preferably by at least 11.5%.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the process steps (A, B, C, D, E) are carried out on the material flow section (M-01, M-02) to be treated, while the material flow section (M-01, M-02) in question passes through a production section, in particular a treatment station (100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E) of a material plate production plant (100) assigned to the process step in question.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base material (7) comprises particles (8) which are in fiber form.

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base material (7) comprises particles (8) which are formed in chip form.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gluing (B) is divided into at least a first gluing (B1), which is preferably carried out at a first production section (100B-1) assigned to the gluing, and a second gluing (B-2), which is preferably carried out at a second production section (100B-2) assigned to the gluing.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moisture (II) is increased by a higher percentage in connection with the first gluing (B-1) than in connection with the second gluing (B-2).

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the moisture (II) is increased by a higher percentage in connection with the second gluing (B-2) than in connection with the first gluing (B-1).

8. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that an initial gluing (B-0) is carried out before the first gluing (B-1).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the gluing (B), in particular the first gluing (B1), is carried out before the base material (7), in particular the particles (8), are cooked in a cooking process (F).

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the gluing (B), in particular the second gluing (B-2) is carried out after drying in a drying process (G).

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the gluing (8), in particular the second gluing (B-2) and/or a third gluing (B-3), is carried out within the scattering (C).

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moisture content (II) before the first gluing (B-1) is between 2% ATRO and 19% ATRO, in particular between 4% ATRO and 16% ATRO, very particularly between 5.5% ATRO and 12.5% ATRO.

13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the moisture content (II) before initial gluing (B-0) is between 2% ATRO and 19% ATRO, in particular between 4% ATRO and 16% ATRO, most particularly between 5.5% ATRO and 12.5% ATRO.

14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in connection with the gluing (B), in particular with the first gluing (B-1) and/or the initial gluing (B-0), a binder (9) is used, the content of which is at least largely, preferably at least 51%, more preferably at least 65%, even more preferably at least 80%, very preferably at least 95%, obtained from natural, in particular renewable, sources.

15. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in connection with the gluing (B), in particular with the second gluing (B-2) and/or the third gluing (B-3), a binder (10) is used which comprises at least one polyamide and/or at least one polymeric structure.

16. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each material flow section (M-01, M-02,...) is further characterized by at least the following parameters iii) temperature (III) iv) pressure (IV) is characterized.

17. Device (100) for producing a material plate (1) comprising at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), wherein at least one of the at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) comprises a base material (7) obtained from an annual or perennial plant, wherein the device (100) has a transport path (110) by means of which a material flow (M) comprising the base material (7) can be transported along at least the following process steps: a) material preparation (A) b) gluing (B) c) spreading (C) d) pressing (D) e) assembly (E) and the production sections provided for this purpose, in particular treatment stations (100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E), wherein the device (100) is designed in such a way that the material flow section (M-01) and a material flow (M) composed of a second material flow section (M-02) following the first material flow section (M-01) and characterized by at least the following parameters: i) density (I) ii) moisture (II), such that it can be influenced within the process steps (A, B, C, D, E) and the production sections provided for this purpose, in particular treatment stations (100-A, 100-B, 100-C, 100-D, 100-E) with regard to at least one of the parameters (I, II), that the humidity (II) of the material flow section (M-01, M-02,....) passing through the process step (B) and the production section(s) provided therefor, in particular treatment station(s) (100B, 100B-0, 100B-1, 100B-2, 100B-3), within the treatment station(s) (100B, 100B-0, 100B-1, 100B-2, 100B-3) assigned to the gluing (B), can be increased by at least 4%, preferably by at least 6.5%, particularly preferably by at least 8%, most particularly preferably by at least 11.5%.

18. Device (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the device (100) is designed to carry out the method according to one of claims 1 to 16.

19. Device (100) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the device (100) has a transport device (120) for transporting the material flow (M) along the transport path (110) and with the formation of a transport speed (V), and that the production section(s) provided for carrying out the process step (B), in particular treatment station(s) (100B, 100B-0, 100B-1, 100B-2, 100B-3), preferably the treatment station (100B-1) provided for carrying out the first gluing (B1), has a gluing device (130) which is adapted to the transport speed (V) of the material flow (M) and increases its moisture content. by at least 4%, preferably by at least 6.5%, particularly preferably by at least 8%, most preferably by at least 11.5%.

20. Device according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the gluing device (130) is operatively connected to a control and/or regulating device (140) for gluing the material flow (M) adapted to the transport speed (V) of the material flow (M).

21. Material plate (1) which has at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), wherein at least one of the at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) has a base material (7) obtained from an annual or perennial plant, characterized in that the material plate (1) is produced according to a method according to one of claims 1 to 16 and preferably using a device according to one of claims 17 to 20.

22. Material plate (1) which has at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), wherein at least one of the at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) has a base material (7) obtained from an annual or perennial plant, characterized in that at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) has a first binder (9) and a second binder (10).

23. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 or 22, characterized in that the first binding agent (9) is at least largely obtained from at least one source which can be regenerated at least once within a period of 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, most preferably 25 years.

24. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the second binder (10') and/or a third binder (11) is at least largely obtained from at least one source which can be regenerated at least once within a period of 100 years, preferably 50 years, particularly preferably 30 years, most preferably 25 years.

25. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 23 or 24, characterized in that at least one, preferably two, of the at least two binders (9, 10, 11) is based on natural phenols, in particular lignin and/or tamin and/or cashew shell liquid and/or based on natural fats or fatty acids, in particular linseed oil and/or natural carbohydrates, in particular starch and/or cellulose and/or glucose and/or based on proteins.

26. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that the second binder (10) and/or third binder (11) is free from regenerability, at least within a period of 250 years, preferably 500 years, particularly preferably 1,000 years, most preferably 2,500 years.

27. Material plate (1) according to claim 26, characterized in that the second binder (10) and/or third binder (11) is based on formaldehyde-derived compounds, in particular UF and/or MUF and/or MUPF and/or PF and/or PRF and/or based on isocyanates or polyurethanes, in particular MDI and/or PMDI and/or PU and/or based on polyimines and/or polyethylenes and/or polyethyleneimines and/or based on polyamides and/or based on polyvinyl acetates.

28. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that the proportion of the first binder (9) contained in the material plate (1) is at least 50%, preferably at least 100%, more preferably at least 250%, particularly preferably at least 350%, very preferably at least 500% greater than that of the second binder (10) and/or the third binder (11) and/or the sum of the proportions of the second and third binder.

29. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 to 28, characterized in that at least one further layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) comprises a first binder (9) and a second binder (10).

30. Material plate (1) according to claim 29, characterized in that a first ratio of a proportion of the first binder (9) to that of the second binder (10) within a first layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) is designed to deviate from a second ratio of a proportion of the first binder (9) to that of the second binder (10) within the further layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

31. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 to 30, characterized in that the at least one, at least two binders (9, 10) having layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) is designed as a core layer (2).

32. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 to 31, characterized in that the at least one, at least two binders (9, 10) having layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) is designed as a cover layer (5, 6).

33. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 to 32, characterized in that the at least one layer (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) comprising at least two binding agents (9, 10), or at least the layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) comprising at least two binding agents (9, 10), together form at least 35%, in particular at least 52%, very particularly at least 61% of a total volume (12) of the material plate (1).

34. Material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 to 33, characterized in that the first binder (9) is at least largely obtained from natural, in particular renewable, sources and the second binder (10) comprises at least one polyamide and/or at least one polymer structure, and that the proportion of the first binder (9) contained in the material plate (1) is at least 50%, preferably at least 100%, more preferably at least 250%, particularly preferably at least 350%, very preferably at least 500% greater than that of the second binder (10).

35. Use of a material plate (1) for residential construction, in some cases with use as a predominantly insulating building element, in some cases with use as a predominantly force-absorbing element and preferably in the field of facade insulation and (residential) interior construction, characterized in that a material plate (1) according to one of claims 21 to 34 is used.