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WO2024221825A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024221825A1
WO2024221825A1 PCT/CN2023/130243 CN2023130243W WO2024221825A1 WO 2024221825 A1 WO2024221825 A1 WO 2024221825A1 CN 2023130243 W CN2023130243 W CN 2023130243W WO 2024221825 A1 WO2024221825 A1 WO 2024221825A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
wall portion
valve assembly
shell
main surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/130243
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈龙
林蹬华
郑于炼
王鹏
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024221825A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024221825A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Energy conservation and emission reduction are the key to sustainable development, which has promoted the adjustment of energy structure and the development and application of battery technology.
  • some electrical devices are equipped with batteries, which provide energy for the electrical devices through battery discharge. When the battery energy storage is insufficient, the battery can also be charged to store more electricity.
  • Batteries generally include one or more battery cells.
  • gas will be generated inside the shell of the battery cell due to the side reactions of the electrochemical reaction.
  • the gas pressure inside the shell will also increase. The increase in gas pressure inside the shell can easily cause the shell of the battery cell to deform and the structural strength of the shell to fail.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device to improve the adverse effects caused by the increase in air pressure inside the battery cell housing in the related art.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a shell and a breathable valve assembly
  • the shell includes a wall portion
  • the wall portion includes a wall portion body
  • the wall portion body includes a first main surface and a second main surface arranged opposite to each other, the second main surface is arranged toward the interior of the shell, and a first recessed area recessed relative to the first main surface and a pressure relief hole connecting the interior of the shell with the first recessed area are provided on the wall portion
  • the breathable valve assembly is at least partially arranged in the first recessed area and is used to cover the pressure relief hole.
  • the pressure relief hole is covered by the breathable valve assembly, and the gas in the housing can be continuously discharged through the breathable characteristics of the breathable valve assembly, thereby effectively relieving the pressure.
  • the breathable valve assembly is at least partially disposed in the first recessed area, which can reduce the protruding height of the breathable valve assembly relative to the first main surface, thereby reducing the occupation of the battery-level space by the breathable valve assembly.
  • the breathable valve assembly includes a breathable membrane, and the breathable membrane is provided with a pressure-bearing area that bears the pressure inside and outside the shell, and the pressure-bearing area is closer to the inside of the shell than the first main surface.
  • the pressure-bearing area is closer to the inside of the shell than the second main surface.
  • the wall portion further comprises a sinking portion, the sinking portion is connected to the wall portion body and protrudes from the second main surface, the first recessed area is at least partially located in the sinking portion, and the pressure relief hole and the breathable valve assembly are arranged on the sinking portion.
  • a first annular table is provided on one side of the sinking portion facing the first recessed area, the first annular table is provided around the pressure relief hole, the air-permeable valve assembly is supported on the first annular table, and the first annular table is flush with the second main surface or closer to the inside of the shell than the second main surface.
  • the sinking portion includes a side wall portion and a bottom wall portion, the side wall portion is arranged in a cylindrical shape, the side wall portion is connected to the wall portion body and protrudes from the second main surface, the bottom wall portion is connected to the side wall portion, the first recessed area includes the area enclosed by the bottom wall portion and the side wall portion, the pressure relief hole is arranged on the bottom wall portion, and a first annular table surface is arranged on the side of the bottom wall portion facing the first recessed area, the first annular table surface is arranged around the pressure relief hole, and the air valve assembly is supported on the first annular table surface.
  • the cylindrical side wall portion is conducive to increasing the protruding height of the sinking portion relative to the second main surface, so as to further reduce the protruding height of the air valve assembly relative to the first main surface, thereby reducing the occupation of the battery-level space by the air valve assembly.
  • a second annular table and a transition connection surface are further provided on the side of the bottom wall portion facing the first recessed area, the second annular table is arranged around the first annular table, the first annular table is closer to the inside of the shell than the second annular table, the transition connection surface connects the first annular table and the second annular table, the second annular table connects the inner wall surface of the side wall portion and the transition connection surface, and the air valve assembly is arranged in the space surrounded by the transition connection surface.
  • the transition connection surface can also provide a positioning effect for the air valve assembly, which is beneficial to improving the installation efficiency and stability of the air valve assembly.
  • the second annular table surrounding the first annular table can also be used to provide visual positioning for the installation position of the air valve assembly, thereby improving the efficiency of the installation of the air valve assembly.
  • the air valve assembly is fixed to the bottom wall by welding along the edge of the air valve assembly. Fixing the edge of the air valve assembly to the bottom wall by welding can improve the stability of the air valve assembly.
  • the height difference between the second annular platform and the edge of the air-permeable valve assembly is less than or equal to 0.2 mm; and/or, in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall body, the width of the second annular platform is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm. This can improve the welding strength between the edge of the air-permeable valve assembly and the bottom wall.
  • the wall thickness of the sinking portion is less than or equal to the wall thickness of the wall body, which can reduce the material used for the sinking portion, thereby reducing the material cost of the entire housing.
  • the area of the sinking portion in the wall portion is less than or equal to one third, which can reduce the impact of the sinking portion on the structural strength of the wall portion, and at the same time, reserve installation space for other components when necessary.
  • the breathable valve assembly includes a breathable membrane and a fixing member
  • the breathable membrane includes a pressure-bearing area provided to bear the pressure inside and outside the shell
  • the fixing member is arranged around the breathable membrane and encloses to form a window area
  • the fixing member is used to fix the breathable membrane on the wall
  • the pressure-bearing area is exposed through the window area.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode terminal disposed on the wall portion and protruding from the first main surface, wherein a protruding height of the fixing member relative to the first main surface is less than or equal to a protruding height of the electrode terminal relative to the first main surface.
  • the side of the fixing member facing away from the inside of the housing is closer to the inside of the housing than the first main surface, so as to reduce the interference of the fixing member on the connection process between the electrode terminal and the external current collecting component.
  • a second recessed area is provided on the wall portion and is recessed relative to the first main surface, and the electrode terminal is provided in the second recessed area, and the depth of the second recessed area is less than the depth of the first recessed area, which is beneficial to increase the height difference between the air-permeable valve assembly and the electrode terminal.
  • the breathable valve assembly includes a breathable membrane
  • the breathable membrane is provided with a pressure-bearing area that bears the pressure inside and outside the shell
  • the battery cell also includes a blocking member, which is used to block the pressure-bearing area in the direction in which the internal pressure of the shell and/or the external pressure of the shell act on the pressure-bearing area. This can reduce the occurrence of bulging or collapse of the pressure-bearing area of the breathable membrane caused by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the shell.
  • the air-permeable valve assembly includes a fixing member, the air-permeable membrane is connected to the wall portion through the fixing member, and the blocking member is connected to the fixing member and is located on the side of the pressure-bearing area away from the inside of the shell.
  • the assembly method can be simplified, and at the same time, the blocking member is located on the side of the pressure-bearing area away from the inside of the shell, which can reduce the occurrence of the air-permeable membrane swelling in the pressure-bearing area caused by excessive internal air pressure of the shell, thereby improving the problem of the air-permeable valve assembly protruding too high relative to the first main surface due to swelling of the pressure-bearing area.
  • a liquid injection hole is further provided on the wall body, and the minimum distance between the edge of the liquid injection hole and the outer surface of the sinking part is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, which can reduce the interference between the liquid injection hole and the sinking part during the shell processing and reduce the processing difficulty.
  • the battery cell includes a liner, which is attached to the side of the wall facing the inside of the housing, and a receiving groove is provided on the side of the liner facing the wall, and at least part of the sinking portion is received in the receiving groove.
  • the groove wall of the accommodating groove is provided with a plurality of air holes arranged in an array, so that the pressure relief hole is effectively connected to the interior of the shell while reducing the impact on the structural strength of the liner.
  • the breathable membrane is made of a polymer material, which can stably discharge the gas in the battery cell shell when the battery cell is depressurized, and can also block external moisture from penetrating into the battery cell when the battery cell is in normal use, blocking the flow of water vapor and electrolyte into and out of the battery cell through the breathable membrane, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell.
  • the housing includes a cover and a shell, the cover closes an opening of the shell, and the wall portion is the cover. The processing difficulty of the first recessed area can be reduced.
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes the battery cell in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides an electrical device comprising the above-mentioned battery.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery according to one or more embodiments
  • FIG3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG4 is a schematic assembly diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments
  • FIG7 is an enlarged view of area q in FIG6;
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a breathable membrane according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is an assembly diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments.
  • the reference numerals in the specific implementation manner are as follows: 100, battery; 10, housing; 11, first part; 12, second part; 20, battery cell; 21, cover; 21a, Electrode terminal; 22, housing; 23, electrode assembly; 1000, vehicle; 200, controller; 300, motor; 101, wall portion; 1011, wall body; 1012, sinking portion; 10121, side wall portion; 10122, bottom wall portion; a1, first main surface; a2, second main surface; W1, first recessed area; W2, second recessed area; H1, pressure relief hole; H2, injection hole; S1, first annular table; S2, second annular table; S3, transition connection surface; 102, air valve assembly; 1021, air membrane; W4, pressure bearing area; 1023, fixing member; 1022, blocking member; 1024, sealing ring; 1025, explosion-proof valve; W3, window area; 104, lining plate; W5, accommodating groove; H3, air hole; D1, first direction.
  • the technical terms “first”, “second”, etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.
  • the term “multiple” refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the term "and/or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields.
  • the present application provides an electric device, which may include but is not limited to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
  • the electric device may include a battery, and the electric device may provide electric energy through the battery to realize the corresponding function of the electric device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to one or more embodiments.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for starting, navigating and operating power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • the present application also provides a battery 100. See FIG. 2, which is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery according to one or more embodiments.
  • the shape of the battery 100 includes but is not limited to a square. In other embodiments, the battery 100 is The shape of the pool 100 may also be cylindrical, square or any other shape.
  • the battery 100 may include a case 10 and a battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is contained in the case 10.
  • the case 10 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 20, and the case 10 may adopt a variety of structures.
  • the case 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 20.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space; the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12.
  • the case 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 may be in a variety of shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20, and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the multiple battery cells 20 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 may also be a battery module formed by connecting multiple battery cells 20 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10.
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery, or a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or in other shapes.
  • the manufacturing methods of the battery 100 include stacking and winding, that is, the battery 100 is divided into stacking batteries and winding batteries.
  • the stacking battery has a uniform current collection effect, a small internal resistance of the battery, and a large specific power, but it has extremely high requirements for mold precision, high equipment investment, and a relatively complex process, and low production efficiency.
  • the winding battery is simple to make, and the production and assembly processes have general requirements for equipment precision, high production efficiency, and low cost.
  • the wound battery has excellent high and low temperature performance, charges very quickly, has an ultra-long life, a stable high output voltage, a solid structure, and strong shock resistance.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a housing, an electrode assembly 23, and other functional components.
  • the housing includes a cover 21 and a shell 22, and the cover 21 is used to close the opening of the shell 22.
  • the cover 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the shell 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the cover 21 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 22 to match the shell 22.
  • the cover 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the cover 21 is not easily deformed when it is squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher structural strength and the safety performance can also be improved.
  • the material of the cover 21 can also be a variety of materials, including but not limited to copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc. Functional components such as electrode terminals 21a can be provided on the cover 21.
  • the electrode terminal 21a can be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electrical energy of the battery cell 20.
  • the electrode terminal 21a can include a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal for outputting current and connecting to an external circuit.
  • the cover 21 can also be provided with a breathable valve assembly for releasing internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • an insulating member may be provided inside the cover 21, and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the cover 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, or the like.
  • the shell 22 is a component used to cooperate with the cover 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23, the electrolyte and other components.
  • the shell 22 and the cover 21 can be independent components, and an opening can be set on the shell 22, and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 is formed by covering the opening with the cover 21 at the opening.
  • the cover 21 and the shell 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the cover 21 and the shell 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the shell, and when the interior of the shell 22 needs to be encapsulated, the cover 21 is covered with the shell 22.
  • the shell 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the shell 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23.
  • the material of the shell 22 can be various, including but not limited to copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is a component where electrochemical reactions occur in the battery cell 20.
  • the housing 22 may contain one or more Electrode assembly 23.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with active materials constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 23, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without active materials each constitute a tab.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively at both ends of the main body.
  • the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminals 21a to form a current loop.
  • a venting valve assembly is designed on the shell of the battery cell in the related art.
  • the venting valve assembly allows gas to pass through, so that when the internal gas increases, it can be discharged to the outside of the battery cell, reducing the air pressure inside the battery cell.
  • the venting valve assembly occupies more space outside the battery cell, which affects the battery level, such as affecting the assembly of battery level components and affecting the exhaust space of the battery cell explosion-proof valve; for example, the venting membrane of the venting valve will bulge outwards after being affected by the internal air pressure, and the bulging height exceeds the height allowed by the battery.
  • the present application proposes a battery cell, which can continuously release the gas (pressure) inside the shell, while effectively reducing the protruding height of the venting valve assembly relative to the shell surface.
  • Figure 4 is an assembly schematic diagram of a local structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments
  • Figure 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a local structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a local structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of area q in Figure 6.
  • the battery cell of this embodiment includes a shell, the shell includes a wall portion 101, the wall portion 101 includes a wall portion main body 1011, the wall portion main body 1011 includes a first main surface a1 and a second main surface a2 arranged opposite to each other, the second main surface a2 is arranged toward the interior of the shell, and a first recessed area W1 recessed relative to the first main surface a1 and a pressure relief hole H1 connecting the interior of the shell with the first recessed area W1 are provided on the wall portion 101.
  • the wall body 1011 may be provided in a plate shape, including but not limited to a square plate shape, a waist plate shape, and an elliptical plate shape.
  • wall bodies 1011 of different shapes may be provided.
  • the main surface may be defined as the surface with the largest area in the wall body 1011.
  • the wall 101 may be the cover 21 described above, or may be a part of the housing 22.
  • the pressure relief hole H1 is disposed at the bottom of the first recessed area W1. In other embodiments, the pressure relief hole H1 can be disposed at other positions, as long as the gas inside the housing can communicate with the external environment of the battery cell through the pressure relief hole H1.
  • the shape of the pressure relief hole H1 includes but is not limited to a circular hole, a triangular hole, a square hole, etc.
  • the battery cell of this embodiment further includes a vent valve assembly 102 .
  • the vent valve assembly 102 is at least partially disposed in the first recessed area W1 and is used to cover the pressure relief hole H1 .
  • the positive projection of the vent valve assembly 102 along the vertical direction D1 of the first main surface a1 covers the pressure relief hole H1. It should be noted that the vent valve assembly 102 covers the pressure relief hole H1, which means that the gas in the vent valve assembly 102 located inside the shell reaches the external environment of the battery cell through the pressure relief hole H1 and the first recessed area W1, and can play a certain blocking role, and is not limited to the situation shown in FIG. 5.
  • the projection of the vent valve assembly 102 along the vertical direction D1 of the first main surface a1 can also be staggered from the pressure relief hole H1.
  • the vent assembly 102 is a component that allows the gas in the battery cell to continue to pass through but can block the electrolyte in the battery cell from passing through under normal conditions.
  • the vent assembly 102 may include a vent membrane 1021 that has venting and liquid blocking functions.
  • the pressure relief hole is covered by the air-permeable valve assembly, and the gas in the battery cell housing can be continuously discharged through the air-permeable characteristics of the air-permeable valve assembly, thereby effectively relieving pressure.
  • the air-permeable valve assembly is at least partially disposed in the first recessed area, which can reduce the protruding height of the air-permeable valve assembly relative to the first main surface of the wall body, thereby reducing the occupation of the battery-level space by the air-permeable valve assembly.
  • the breathable valve assembly 102 includes a breathable membrane 1021, and the breathable membrane 1021 is provided with a bearing
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 is subjected to the internal and external pressures of the shell, and the pressure-bearing area W4 is closer to the inside of the shell than the first main surface a1.
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 of the breathable membrane 1021 has the function of slow ventilation, which can timely discharge the gas generated inside the battery cell shell to reduce or maintain the air pressure inside the battery cell, so as to have better safety performance.
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 of the breathable membrane 1021 has air permeability and liquid resistance, that is, it can allow gas to pass through, but not allow liquid to pass through, and can prevent electrolyte leakage while ventilating and relieving pressure.
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 of the breathable membrane 1021 can be a polymer material membrane such as fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE).
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer
  • PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • the breathable membrane has a certain flexibility and toughness, and can have a certain tensile expansion when pressurized by the gas inside the battery cell shell, and is not easy to explode
  • the breathable membrane 1021 at least partially covers the pressure relief hole H1, so that the gas inside the shell can act on the breathable membrane 1021 through the pressure relief hole H1.
  • the breathable membrane 1021 may be provided with a pressure-bearing area W4 that bears the pressure inside and outside the shell.
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 is the area on the breathable membrane 1021 that corresponds to the pressure relief hole H1.
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 covers the pressure relief hole H1 along the vertical direction D1 of the first main surface a1.
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 has a tendency to protrude toward the first main surface a1 due to the gas pressure inside the battery cell shell.
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 may be thicker than other areas to prevent it from exploding due to excessive pressure protrusion. Furthermore, the pressure-bearing area W4 is closer to the inside of the shell than the first main surface a1. In other words, the pressure-bearing area W4 is close to the bottom of the first recessed area W1.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the breathable membrane according to one or more embodiments.
  • the breathable membrane 1021 has a thinning area K in the pressure area W4, and the tear strength at the thinning area K is smaller than the tear strength at other positions of the pressure area W4.
  • the thinning area K refers to a non-through groove disposed in the pressure-bearing area W4, which can be formed by stamping and milling, etc.
  • the shape of the thinning area K can be annular, arc-shaped, U-shaped, linear, and H-shaped grooves, etc.
  • the thinned area K When the internal pressure of the battery cell shell exceeds the pressure threshold, the thinned area K can become a stress concentration point and rupture preferentially relative to other parts of the pressure-bearing area W4 to form an opening for gas discharge, which is beneficial to improving the pressure sensitivity of the breathable membrane 1021 and improving the explosion-proof performance of the breathable membrane 1021.
  • Those skilled in the art can directionally control the tear strength of the thinned area K by adjusting the depth, length and width of the thinned area K, so as to meet the explosion-proof requirements of different products.
  • the shape of the thinning area K is a semi-closed curve.
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 is closer to the inside of the shell than the second main surface a2.
  • the pressure-bearing area W4 is further sunken, and along the direction (D1 direction) perpendicular to the first main surface a1 toward the second main surface a2, the pressure-bearing area W4 protrudes from the second main surface a2.
  • the pressure-bearing area is further sunken, which can improve the problem of the protrusion height of the breathable valve assembly relative to the first main surface of the wall body caused by the bulging of the pressure-bearing area due to the internal air pressure of the shell.
  • the wall portion 101 also includes a sinking portion 1012, which is connected to the wall portion main body 1011 and protrudes from the second main surface a2, the first recessed area W1 is at least partially located in the sinking portion 1012, and the pressure relief hole H1 and the air valve assembly 102 are arranged on the sinking portion 1012.
  • the sinking part 1012 and the wall body 1011 form the wall 101, and the sinking part 1012 and the wall body 1011 may be integrally formed to form the wall 101; the second main surface a2 may be convex toward the inside of the shell to form the sinking part 1012.
  • the sinking part 1012 and the wall body 1011 may be connected to form the wall 101, and the connection method includes but is not limited to welding, bonding, clamping, etc.
  • the orthographic projection of the sinking portion 1012 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first recessed area W1 at least partially.
  • the sinking portion 1012 may be disposed at the bottom of the first recessed area W1, that is, the first recessed area W1 is at least partially located in the sinking portion 1012; or the area of the first recessed area W1 is larger than the area of the area where the sinking portion 1012 is located; or the area where the sinking portion 1012 is located is part of the first recessed area W1, that is, there may be a partial overlapping area between the first recessed area W1 and the sinking portion 1012; or the first recessed area W1 may be completely located in the sinking portion 1012, that is, the area where the sinking portion 1012 is located forms the first recessed area W1.
  • the pressure relief hole H1 and the breathable valve assembly 102 are arranged on the sinking part 1012.
  • the pressure relief hole H1 is arranged at the bottom of the sinking part 1012, connecting the sinking part 1012 with the environment inside the shell.
  • the breathable valve assembly 102 covers the pressure relief hole H1.
  • the pressure relief hole H1 and the air valve assembly 102 are closer to the inside of the housing than the second main surface a2, so as to minimize the protrusion height of the air valve assembly 102 toward the first main surface a1 due to the air pressure inside the battery cell, thereby reducing the occupation of the battery level space by the air valve assembly.
  • a first annular table surface S1 is provided on the side of the sinking portion 1012 facing the first recessed area W1, the first annular table surface S1 is arranged around the pressure relief hole H1, the air valve assembly 102 is supported on the first annular table surface S1, the first annular table surface S1 is flush with the second main surface a2, or the first annular table surface S1 is closer to the inside of the shell than the second main surface a2.
  • the first annular table surface S1 is arranged around the pressure relief hole H1, which can be understood as the first annular table surface S1 surrounding the pressure relief hole H1, or the opening area of the first annular table surface S1 forms the pressure relief hole H1.
  • the first annular table surface S1 can be a full circle or a part of a full circle, a flat surface or a non-flat surface, a circular table surface or an elliptical table surface.
  • the breathable valve assembly 102 is supported on the first annular table S1, the area of the breathable valve assembly 102 is greater than or equal to the area of the pressure relief hole H1, or the area of the breathable valve assembly 102 is greater than or equal to the area of the opening area of the first annular table S1, and the breathable valve assembly 102 is fixed above the pressure relief hole H1 through the first annular table S1.
  • the installation stability of the breathable valve assembly can be improved to prevent the breathable valve assembly from being separated when impacted by air pressure.
  • the first annular table surface S1 is flush with the second main surface a2 or closer to the inside of the shell than the second main surface a2.
  • the wall body 1011 may be grooved to form the first recessed area W1, and the wall body 1011 retained near the second main surface a2 may form the first annular table surface S1.
  • the first annular table surface S1 may also be formed by connecting an annular platform to the second main surface a2 of the wall body 1011 corresponding to the first recessed area W1.
  • the protruding height of the breathable valve assembly relative to the first main surface can be reduced, thereby reducing the occupation of the battery-level space by the breathable valve assembly.
  • the sinking portion 1012 includes a side wall portion 10121 and a bottom wall portion 10122, the side wall portion 10121 is arranged in a cylindrical shape, the side wall portion 10121 is connected to the wall portion main body 1011, and protrudes from the second main surface a2, the bottom wall portion 10122 is connected to the side wall portion 10121, the first recessed area W1 includes an area enclosed by the bottom wall portion 10122 and the side wall portion 10121, the pressure relief hole H1 is arranged on the bottom wall portion 10122, and a first annular table surface S1 is arranged on the side of the bottom wall portion 10122 facing the first recessed area W1, the first annular table surface S1 is arranged around the pressure relief hole H1, and the air valve assembly 102 is supported on the first annular table surface S1.
  • the cylindrical side wall portion 10121 is connected to the wall body 1011, or in other words, the wall body 1011 extends along the second main surface a2 toward the inner direction of the shell (the D1 direction) to form the side wall portion 1012 of the sinking portion 1012, and the side wall portion 10121 extends along the perpendicular direction of the D1 direction to form the bottom wall portion 10122 of the sinking portion 1012.
  • the cylindrical side wall portion 10121 and the bottom wall portion 10122 cooperate to form the sinking portion 1012.
  • the wall body 1011 sinks along the second main surface a2 toward the inner direction of the shell (the D1 direction) to form the sinking portion 1012, and the sunken bottom wall portion 10122 and the side wall portion 10121 are surrounded to form the first recessed area W1.
  • the pressure relief hole H1 is arranged on the bottom wall portion 10122, and a first annular table surface S1 is arranged on the side of the bottom wall portion 10122 facing the first recessed area W1, and the first annular table surface S1 surrounds the pressure relief hole H1.
  • the air-permeable valve assembly 102 is supported on the first annular table surface S1 to cover the pressure relief hole H1.
  • the cylindrical side wall portion is conducive to increasing the protruding height of the sinking portion relative to the second main surface, and is convenient for supporting the air-permeable valve assembly on the first annular table surface of the bottom wall portion.
  • a second annular table surface S2 and a transition connection surface S3 are further provided on the side of the bottom wall portion 10122 facing the first recessed area W1, the second annular table surface S2 is arranged around the first annular table surface S1, the first annular table surface S1 is closer to the inside of the shell than the second annular table surface S2, the transition connection surface S3 connects the first annular table surface S1 and the second annular table surface S2, the second annular table surface S2 is connected to the inner wall surface of the side wall portion 10121 and the transition connection surface S3, and the air valve assembly 102 is arranged in the space enclosed by the transition connection surface S3.
  • the second annular table surface S2 can be a full circle or a part of a full circle, and can be a flat surface or a non-flat surface.
  • the sinking portion 1012 along the second main surface a2 toward the inner direction of the housing (direction D1) includes a first annular table surface S1 and a second annular table surface S2 in a stepped shape, and the second annular table surface S2 is higher than the first annular table surface S1.
  • the first annular table surface S1 and the second annular table surface S2 are concentric circular table surfaces/elliptical table surfaces, and the radius of the second annular table surface S2 is larger than the radius of the first annular table surface S1.
  • the radius of the annular table S1 enables the second annular table S2 to be arranged around the first annular table S1.
  • the first annular table S1 and the second annular table S2 are stepped surfaces, and the transition connection surface S3 is the connection surface of the two stepped surfaces.
  • the wall body 1011 extends along the second main surface a2 toward the inner direction of the shell (the D1 direction) to form the side wall portion 10121 of the sinking portion 1012, and the side wall portion 10121 extends in a direction perpendicular to the D1 direction to form the second annular table S2, and then extends in the D1 direction to form the transition connection surface S3, and then extends in a direction perpendicular to the D1 direction to form the first annular table S1, so that the second annular table S2 connects the inner wall surface of the side wall portion 10121 and the transition connection surface S3.
  • the breathable valve assembly 102 When the breathable valve assembly 102 is installed on the first annular table S1, the breathable valve assembly 102 is located in the space enclosed by the transition connection surface S3, and the second annular table S2 surrounding the first annular table S1 can provide visual positioning for the installation position of the breathable valve assembly 102, thereby improving the efficiency of the installation of the breathable valve assembly 102.
  • the first annular table is far away from the first main surface and the breathable valve assembly needs to be fixed by spot welding
  • the presence of the transition connection surface facilitates the provision of welding sites and the formation of a welding molten pool, thereby reducing the difficulty of welding and improving the welding efficiency.
  • it can also provide a positioning effect for the breathable valve assembly, which is conducive to improving the stability of the position of the breathable valve assembly.
  • the air valve assembly 102 is welded and fixed to the bottom wall 10122 along the edge of the air valve assembly 102. Fixing the edge of the air valve assembly to the bottom wall by welding can improve the stability of the air valve assembly.
  • the absolute value of the height difference between the second annular platform S2 and the edge of the breathable valve assembly 102 is less than or equal to 0.2 mm, for example, 0.2 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.01 mm, 0.005 mm, 0.001 mm, 0.0001 mm, etc.
  • the edge of the breathable valve assembly 102 refers to the edge of the fixing member 1023 in the breathable valve assembly 102, more specifically, the edge of the side of the fixing member 1023 opposite to the transition connection surface S3.
  • the fixing member 1023 may be above the second annular table S2, that is, the height of the second annular table S2 is lower than the edge height of the breathable valve assembly 102, and the height difference is less than or equal to 0.2 mm; or the fixing member 1023 may be below the second annular table S2, that is, the height of the second annular table S2 is higher than the edge height of the breathable valve assembly 102, and the height difference is less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
  • Those skilled in the art may select the height difference between the second annular table S2 and the edge of the breathable valve assembly 102 according to product and process requirements.
  • the gap between the two will be too large, increasing the difficulty of welding.
  • the welding strength between the edge of the breathable valve assembly and the bottom wall can be improved.
  • the width Y of the second annular table S2 is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm, such as 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, etc.
  • 0.2 mm such as 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, etc.
  • the second annular table S2 is visually more obvious, and can further provide visual positioning when the breathable valve assembly 102 is installed on the first annular table S1, thereby improving the welding strength between the edge of the breathable valve assembly and the bottom wall.
  • the transition connection surface S3 needs to provide a space for accommodating the molten solder. If the width is too narrow, it is easy to weld poorly, resulting in unstable welding.
  • the width Y of the second annular table S2 is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm, the welding strength between the edge of the breathable valve assembly and the bottom wall can be improved.
  • the wall thickness of the sinking portion 1012 is less than or equal to the wall thickness of the wall body 1011.
  • the wall thickness of the wall body 1011 can be considered as the thickness of the main part forming the first main surface a1 and the second main surface a2, or the wall thickness of the wall body 1011 can be understood as the distance between the first main surface a1 and the second main surface a2 of the wall body 1011 (the distance d shown in the figure).
  • the sinking portion 1012 may include a side wall portion and a bottom wall portion, and the wall thickness of the sinking portion 1012 can be considered as the thickness of the bottom wall portion of the sinking portion 1012 (the distance h1 shown in the figure), or the thickness of the side wall portion (the distance h2 shown in the figure).
  • the thickness h1 of the bottom wall portion and the thickness h2 of the side wall portion are both less than or equal to the wall thickness d of the wall body.
  • the sinking portion may be formed by stamping the wall body, that is, the bottom wall portion and the side wall portion are compressed and formed on the basis of the original wall body material, and their thickness becomes smaller. In this way, the material used for the sinking part can be reduced, thereby reducing the material cost of the entire shell.
  • the area ratio of the sinking portion 1012 in the wall portion 101 is less than or equal to one third.
  • the area ratio of the sinking portion 1012 in the wall portion 101 includes but is not limited to one tenth, one eighth, one sixth, one fifth, one quarter, and one third.
  • Those skilled in the art can adjust the area ratio according to actual needs. This design can reduce the influence of the sinking part on the structural strength of the wall, and at the same time, if necessary, reserve installation space for other components on the wall (such as the electrode terminal 21a, etc.), thereby reducing the mutual interference between the sinking part and other components during processing, installation and use.
  • the breathable valve assembly 102 includes a breathable membrane 1021 and a fixing member 1023.
  • the breathable membrane 1021 includes a pressure-bearing area W4 that withstands the pressure inside and outside the shell.
  • the fixing member 1023 is arranged around the breathable membrane 1021 and encloses a window area W3. The fixing member 1023 is used to fix the breathable membrane 1021 on the wall 101, and the pressure-bearing area W4 is exposed through the window area W3.
  • the fixing member 1023 may be an annular plate with a hole in the center, and its material may be metal, including but not limited to aluminum, iron, and copper, or non-metallic materials such as organic polymers. Those skilled in the art may select the material of the fixing member 1023 according to product and process requirements.
  • the breathable membrane 1021, the fixing member 1023, and the wall portion 101 may be assembled in such a manner that the breathable membrane 1021 is first connected to the fixing member 1023, and then the fixing member 1023 is fixedly connected to the second annular table surface S2 by bonding, welding, clamping, or the like.
  • the breathable membrane 1021 further includes a reinforcing ring 10211 arranged around the pressure-bearing area W4, and the strength of the reinforcing ring 10211 is greater than the strength of the pressure-bearing area W4, or the flexibility of the pressure-bearing area W4 is greater than the flexibility of the reinforcing ring 10211.
  • the reinforcing ring 10211 can provide a certain support to the pressure-bearing area W4, and the reinforcing ring 10211 can be used to fix the breathable membrane 1021 to the fixing member 1023.
  • a snap-fitting protrusion can be provided on the reinforcing ring 10211 of the breathable membrane 1021, and a snap-fitting groove can be provided on the fixing member 1023 at a position corresponding to the breathable membrane 1021.
  • the breathable membrane 1021 and the fixing member 1023 can be fixed by snapping the snap-fitting protrusion and the snap-fitting groove.
  • the fixing method has a simple structure and high snap-fitting stability, and can improve the fixing strength of the breathable membrane and the fixing member.
  • the breathable membrane is fixed to the wall portion by means of a fixing piece provided with a window area, which can simplify the fixing method of the breathable membrane and improve the stability of the fixing.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode terminal 21a arranged on the wall portion 101 and protruding from the first main surface a1, wherein the protrusion height of the fixing member 1023 relative to the first main surface a1 is less than or equal to the protrusion height of the electrode terminal 21a relative to the first main surface a1.
  • the air valve assembly 102 In the processing of the battery cell, the air valve assembly 102 is generally fixed first, and then the electrode terminal 21a is installed. If the protrusion height of the air valve assembly 102 relative to the first main surface a1 is higher than the protrusion height of the electrode terminal 21a relative to the first main surface a1, the air valve assembly 102 will hinder the transportation and welding of the electrode terminal 21a. Therefore, the protrusion height of the fixing member relative to the first main surface is less than or equal to the protrusion height of the electrode terminal relative to the first main surface, which can reduce the interference of the fixing member on the connection process between the electrode terminal and the external busbar during the assembly of the shell.
  • the side of the fixing member 1023 facing away from the inside of the housing is closer to the inside of the housing than the first main surface a1.
  • the fixing member 1023 is located in the first recessed area W1.
  • the electrode terminal 21a is raised relative to the first main surface a1, and the fixing member 1023 is recessed relative to the first main surface a1, which is conducive to achieving a height difference between the top of the electrode terminal and the fixing member, and can further reduce the interference of the fixing member on the connection process between the electrode terminal and the external busbar component.
  • a second recessed area W2 is provided on the wall portion 101 and is recessed relative to the first main surface a1.
  • the electrode terminal 21a is provided in the second recessed area W2.
  • the depth of the second recessed area W2 is less than the depth of the first recessed area W1.
  • the second recessed area W2 can realize the positioning of the electrode terminal 21a.
  • since the depth of the second recessed area is less than the depth of the first recessed area, it is beneficial to increase the height difference between the air permeable valve assembly and the electrode terminal.
  • the breathable valve assembly 102 includes a breathable membrane 1021, and the breathable membrane 1021 is provided with a pressure-bearing area W4 that withstands the pressure inside and outside the shell.
  • the battery cell also includes a blocking member 1022, and the blocking member 1022 is used to block the pressure-bearing area W4 in the direction of the internal pressure of the shell and/or the external pressure of the shell acting on the pressure-bearing area W4.
  • the blocking member 1022 may be cross-shaped, strip-shaped, mesh-shaped, etc.
  • the blocking member 1022 is located on the side of the pressure-bearing area W4 facing the first main surface a1, and partially covers the pressure-bearing area W4.
  • the blocking member can block the expanded pressure-bearing area, and can reduce the occurrence of the pressure-bearing area swelling phenomenon caused by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the shell.
  • the breathable valve assembly 102 includes a fixing member 1023, and the breathable membrane 1021 is fixed by The member 1023 is connected to the wall 101, and the blocking member 1022 is connected to the fixing member 1023 and is located on the side of the pressure-bearing area W4 away from the inside of the shell.
  • the blocking member 1022 and the fixing member 1023 can block the expanded pressure-bearing area W4.
  • the blocking member is located on the side of the pressure-bearing area away from the inside of the shell, which can reduce the occurrence of the swell phenomenon of the pressure-bearing area of the breathable membrane caused by the excessive internal air pressure of the shell, thereby improving the problem of the over-height of the breathable valve assembly caused by the swell of the pressure-bearing area.
  • the breathable valve assembly 102 further includes a sealing ring 1024 sandwiched between the breathable membrane 1021 and the first annular table S1.
  • the sealing ring 1024 is arranged around the pressure relief hole H1, and abuts against the first annular table S1 and the breathable membrane 1021.
  • FIG. 9 is an assembly schematic diagram of the local structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments.
  • the battery cell also includes an explosion-proof valve 1025, and the explosion-proof valve 1025 may include a pressure relief valve covering the explosion-proof hole, and the explosion-proof hole is a through hole that penetrates the shell.
  • the explosion-proof hole can be set on the cover or on the shell 22.
  • the pressure relief valve can be a metal sheet, such as an aluminum sheet.
  • the explosion-proof valve 1025 can also be a notch formed integrally on the shell, and the notch is a thickness weak area on the shell.
  • the explosion-proof valve opens, and the gas inside the shell can be quickly discharged to the outside of the shell, reducing the probability of deformation of the shell of the battery cell due to excessive air pressure inside the shell, and the failure of the structural strength of the shell.
  • a liquid injection hole H2 is further provided on the wall body 1011, and the minimum spacing distance Z between the hole edge of the liquid injection hole H2 and the outer surface of the sinking part 1012 is greater than or equal to 0.5mm, for example 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 50mm and 100mm, etc.
  • the injection hole H2 can be understood as a through hole that penetrates the shell. During the production of the battery cell 20, the electrolyte is injected into the shell through the injection hole H2.
  • the distance between the edge of the injection hole and the outer surface of the sinking part is within the above range, which can reduce the interference between the injection hole and the sinking part during the shell processing, which is conducive to reducing the processing difficulty.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a lining 104, which is attached to the side of the wall 101 facing the inside of the shell, and a receiving groove W5 is provided on the side of the lining 104 facing the wall 101, and at least part of the sunken portion 1012 is accommodated in the receiving groove W5.
  • the liner 104 can be prefabricated from plastic or assembled from various plastic parts, and the material can include insulating materials.
  • the liner 104 can provide insulation performance and improve the electrical insulation between the inside of the shell and the wall 101.
  • the liner 104 can also fix and protect the electrode assembly inside the shell, reducing the disconnection caused by the displacement of the components such as the electrode assembly inside the shell during the transportation and use of the battery cell, especially in a vibration environment.
  • the connection method between the liner 104 and the wall 101 includes but is not limited to welding, bonding or clamping.
  • a plurality of protrusions can be provided on the side of the liner 104 facing the wall 101, and mounting holes can be provided on the wall 101 corresponding to the protrusions.
  • the protrusions are snapped into the mounting holes to achieve the purpose of connecting the liner 104 and the wall 101.
  • the protrusions are snapped into the mounting holes to achieve the purpose of connecting the liner 104 and the wall 101.
  • by embedding the sinking portion in the accommodating groove it is beneficial to fit and fix the wall and the liner.
  • the groove wall of the accommodating groove W5 is provided with a plurality of air holes H3 arranged in an array.
  • the accommodating groove W5 is provided with a plurality of long strip-shaped air holes H3, and the plurality of air holes H3 are neatly arranged in an array in the length direction and the width direction of the lining plate 104, thereby reducing the impact on the structural strength of the lining plate.
  • the vent hole H3 can be understood as a through hole that passes through the liner 104 and is used to discharge the gas inside the shell.
  • the shape of the vent hole H3 includes but is not limited to a circle, a square, a triangle, etc.
  • the accommodating groove is provided with a plurality of vent holes, and the vent holes can connect the pressure relief hole and the inside of the shell, so that the gas generated inside the shell can flow from the vent holes to the outside of the shell, so that the pressure relief hole is effectively connected to the shell.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the battery cell includes a housing and a vent assembly, the housing includes a wall portion, the wall portion includes a wall portion body, the wall portion body includes a first main surface and a second main surface disposed opposite to each other, the second main surface is disposed toward the interior of the housing, the wall portion is provided with a first recessed area disposed relative to the first main surface and a pressure relief hole connecting the interior of the housing with the first recessed area; the vent assembly is at least partially disposed in the first recessed area and is used
  • the pressure relief hole is covered by the breathable valve assembly, and the gas in the housing can be continuously discharged through the breathable characteristics of the breathable valve assembly, thereby effectively relieving pressure.
  • the breathable valve assembly is at least partially disposed in the first recessed area, which can reduce the protruding height of the breathable valve assembly relative to the first main surface, thereby reducing the occupation of the battery-level space by the breathable valve assembly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池单体（20）、电池（100）及用电装置。电池单体（20）包括外壳和透气阀组件（102）,外壳包括壁部（101），壁部（101）包括壁部主体（1011），壁部主体（1011）包括相背设置的第一主表面（a1）和第二主表面（a2），第二主表面（a2）朝向外壳内部设置，壁部（101）上设置有相对于第一主表面（a1）凹陷设置的第一凹陷区（W1）以及连通外壳内部与第一凹陷区（W1）的泄压孔（H1）；透气阀组件（102）至少部分设置于第一凹陷区（W1）内，并用于覆盖泄压孔（H1）。通过上述方式，利用透气阀组件（102）覆盖泄压孔（H1），通过透气阀组件（102）的透气特性能够持续性排出外壳内的气体，进而有效泄压。进一步，将透气阀组件（102）至少部分设置于第一凹陷区（W1）内，能够减小透气阀组件（102）相对于第一主表面（a1）的突出高度，进而减少透气阀组件（102）对于电池层级空间的占用。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置
本申请要求于2023年04月28日提交的申请号为2023104841838，发明名称为“电池单体、电池及用电设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本申请。
【技术领域】
本申请涉及电池领域，具体涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。
【背景技术】
节能减排是可持续发展的关键，也就促进了能源结构的调整，推动了电池技术的发展与应用。例如，一些用电装置中设置有电池，通过电池放电为用电装置提供能量，在电池储能不足时，也可为电池充电以存储更多电能。
电池一般包括一个或两个以上的电池单体。在电池单体的多次充放电循环过程中，电池单体的外壳内部会因为电化学反应的副反应而产生气体，随着气体含量的增加，外壳内部的气压也会提升，外壳内部的气压上升容易导致电池单体的外壳发生变形，以及容易导致外壳的结构强度失效。
【发明内容】
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，以改善相关技术中因电池单体外壳内部气压上升所产生的不利影响。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳和透气阀组件，外壳包括壁部，壁部包括壁部主体，壁部主体包括相背设置的第一主表面和第二主表面，第二主表面朝向外壳内部设置，壁部上设置有相对于第一主表面凹陷的第一凹陷区以及连通外壳内部与第一凹陷区的泄压孔；透气阀组件至少部分设置于第一凹陷区内，并用于覆盖泄压孔。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，利用透气阀组件覆盖泄压孔，通过透气阀组件的透气特性能够持续性排出外壳内的气体，进而有效泄压。进一步，将透气阀组件至少部分设置于第一凹陷区内，能够减小透气阀组件相对于第一主表面的突出高度，进而减少透气阀组件对于电池层级空间的占用。
在一些实施例中，透气阀组件包括透气膜，透气膜设置有承受外壳内外压力的承压区，承压区相较于第一主表面更靠近外壳内部。通过将承压区设置成相较于第一主表面更靠近外壳内部，能够改善因外壳内部气压引起的承压区鼓胀所导致的透气阀组件相对于第一主表面突出高度超高的问题。
在一些实施例中，承压区相较于第二主表面更靠近外壳内部。通过将承压区设置成相较于第二主表面更靠近外壳内部，能够改善因外壳内部气压引起的承压区鼓胀所导致的透气阀组件相对于第一主表面突出高度超高的问题。
在一些实施例中，壁部还包括下沉部，下沉部与壁部主体连接，并凸出于第二主表面，第一凹陷区至少部分位于下沉部内，泄压孔和透气阀组件设置于下沉部上。通过设置凸出于第二主表面的下沉部，且将泄压孔和透气阀组件设置于下沉部上，能够减小透气阀组件相对于第一主表面的突出高度，进而减少透气阀组件对于电池层级空间的占用。
在一些实施例中，下沉部朝向第一凹陷区的一侧设置有第一环形台面，第一环形台面环绕泄压孔设置，透气阀组件支撑于第一环形台面上，第一环形台面与第二主表面平齐或相较于第二主表面更靠近外壳内部。通过将用于支撑透气阀组件的第一环形台面设置成与第二主表面平齐或相较于第二主表面更靠近外壳内部，能够减小透气阀组件相对于第一主表面的突 出高度，进而减少透气阀组件对于电池层级空间的占用。
在一些实施例中，下沉部包括侧壁部和底壁部，侧壁部呈筒状设置，侧壁部连接壁部主体，并凸出于第二主表面，底壁部与侧壁部连接，第一凹陷区包括底壁部与侧壁部所围设的区域，泄压孔设置于底壁部，底壁部朝向第一凹陷区的一侧设置有第一环形台面，第一环形台面环绕泄压孔设置，透气阀组件支撑于第一环形台面上。通过利用筒状的侧壁部和底壁部配合形成下沉部，筒状的侧壁部有利于增加下沉部相对于第二主表面的凸出高度，以进一步减小透气阀组件相对于第一主表面的突出高度，进而减少透气阀组件对于电池层级空间的占用。
在一些实施例中，底壁部朝向第一凹陷区的一侧还设置有第二环形台面和过渡连接面，第二环形台面环绕第一环形台面设置，第一环形台面相较于第二环形台面更靠近外壳内部，过渡连接面连接第一环形台面和第二环形台面，第二环形台面连接侧壁部的内壁面和过渡连接面，透气阀组件设置于过渡连接面所围设的空间内。过渡连接面还能够为透气阀组件提供定位效果，有利于提高透气阀组件的安装效率以及稳定性。在需要的情况下，还利用围绕在第一环形台面周围的第二环形台面可以为透气阀组件的安装位置提供视觉上的定位，提高透气阀组件安装的效率。
在一些实施例中，透气阀组件沿透气阀组件的边缘焊接固定于底壁部上。通过焊接方式将透气阀组件的边缘固定于底壁部能够提高透气阀组件的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，在壁部主体的厚度方向上，第二环形台面与透气阀组件的边缘的高度差小于或等于0.2mm；和/或，在壁部主体的厚度方向的垂直方向上，第二环形台面的宽度大于或等于0.2mm。能够提高透气阀组件的边缘与底壁部之间的焊接强度。
在一些实施例中，下沉部的壁厚小于或等于壁部主体的壁厚。能够减少下沉部的用料，从而降低整个外壳的用料成本。
在一实施例中，下沉部在壁部中的面积占比小于或等于三分之一。能够减小下沉部对壁部结构强度的影响，同时在需要的情况下还可以为其他部件预留出安装空间。
在一实施例中，透气阀组件包括透气膜和固定件，透气膜包括设置有承受外壳内外压力的承压区，固定件环绕透气膜设置，并围设形成窗口区，固定件用于将透气膜固定于壁部上，承压区经窗口区外露。通过利用设置有窗口区的固定件将透气膜固定于壁部上，能够简化透气膜的固定方式，同时提高固定的稳定性。
在一实施例中，电池单体包括设置于壁部上且凸出于第一主表面的电极端子，其中固定件相对于第一主表面的凸起高度小于或等于电极端子相对于第一主表面的凸起高度。通过将固定件的凸起高度设置成小于或等于电极端子的凸起高度，能够减小固定件对电极端子与外部汇流部件的连接过程的干扰。
在一实施例中，固定件背离外壳内部一侧相较于第一主表面更靠近外壳内部。能够减小固定件对电极端子与外部汇流部件的连接过程的干扰。
在一实施例中，壁部上设置有相对于第一主表面凹陷的第二凹陷区，电极端子设置于第二凹陷区内，第二凹陷区的深度小于第一凹陷区的深度。有利于增加透气阀组件与电极端子之间的高度差。
在一实施例中，透气阀组件包括透气膜，透气膜设置有承受外壳内外压力的承压区，电池单体还包括阻挡件，阻挡件用于在外壳的内部压力和/或外壳的外部压力对承压区的作用方向上阻挡承压区。能够减小透气膜因外壳的内外压差所引起的承压区鼓胀或塌陷现象的发生。
在一实施例中，透气阀组件包括固定件，透气膜通过固定件连接于壁部，阻挡件连接于固定件，并位于承压区背离外壳内部一侧。通过将阻挡件连接于用于固定透气膜的固定件，能够简化装配方式，同时将阻挡件位于承压区背离外壳内部一侧，能够减小透气膜因外壳的内部气压过大所引起的承压区鼓胀现象的发生，从而改善因承压区鼓胀所导致的透气阀组件相对于第一主表面突出高度超高问题。
在一些实施例中，壁部主体上进一步设置有注液孔，注液孔的孔缘与下沉部的外表面的最小间隔距离大于或等于0.5mm。能够减少外壳加工过程中注液孔和下沉部之间的干扰，降低加工难度。
在一些实施例中，电池单体包括衬板，衬板贴合于壁部朝向外壳内部的一侧，衬板朝向壁部的一侧设置有容置槽，至少部分下沉部容纳于容置槽内。通过将下沉部嵌入于容置槽内，有利于壁部和衬板之间进行贴合固定。
在一些实施例中，容置槽的槽壁设置有阵列排布的多个透气孔。在使得泄压孔有效连通外壳内部的同时，减小对衬板的结构强度的影响。
在一些实施例中，透气膜为高分子材质。能够在电池单体泄压时稳定排出电池单体外壳内的气体，还能够在电池单体正常使用时阻隔外界水分渗入电池单体内，阻断水汽和电解液通过透气膜向电池单体内外流通，降低电池单体短路风险。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括盖和壳体，盖封闭壳体的开口，壁部为盖。能够减小第一凹陷区的加工难度。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其包括上述实施例中的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，其包括上述电池。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
【附图说明】
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1是根据一个或多个实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是根据一个或多个实施例的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图4是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的局部结构的组装示意图；
图5是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的局部结构的爆炸示意图；
图6是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的局部结构的剖切示意图；
图7是图6中区域q的放大图；
图8是根据一个或多个实施例的透气膜的结构示意图；
图9是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的局部结构的组装示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
100、电池；10、箱体；11、第一部分；12、第二部分；20、电池单体；21、盖；21a、
电极端子；22、壳体；23、电极组件；1000、车辆；200、控制器；300、马达；
101、壁部；1011、壁部主体；1012、下沉部；10121、侧壁部；10122、底壁部；a1、第
一主表面；a2、第二主表面；W1、第一凹陷区；W2、第二凹陷区；H1、泄压孔；H2、注液孔；S1、第一环形台面；S2、第二环形台面；S3、过渡连接面；102、透气阀组件；1021、透气膜；W4、承压区；1023、固定件；1022、阻挡件；1024、密封环；1025、防爆阀；W3、窗口区；104、衬板；W5、容置槽；H3、透气孔；D1、第一方向。
【具体实施方式】
下面将对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明 本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确具体的限定，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。
本申请提供了一种用电装置，用电装置可以包括但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。其中，用电装置可包括电池，用电装置可通过电池提供电能以实现用电装置的对应功能。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1是根据一个或多个实施例的车辆的结构示意图。
车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
为了提高用电装置的性能，本申请还提供了一种电池100，参见图2，图2是根据一个或多个实施例的电池的爆炸示意图。电池100的形状包括但不限于方形，在其他实施例中，电 池100的形状还可以是圆柱形、方形或其他任意的形状。
在一些实施方式中，电池100可包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
电池100的制作方式包括叠片式和卷绕式，即电池100分为叠片电池和卷绕电池两种。叠片电池集流效果均匀，电池内阻较小，比功率大，但对模具精度要求极高，设备投入高，而且工艺较为复杂，生产效率低下。卷绕电池制作简单，制片、装配过程对设备精度要求一般，生产效率高，成本较低。在性能方面，卷绕电池拥有卓越的高低温性能，充电非常迅速，拥有超长寿命，平稳的高输出电压，结构坚固、抗震性强。
请参照图3，图3是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的爆炸示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。电池单体20包括有外壳、电极组件23以及其他的功能性部件。外壳包括盖21和壳体22，盖21用于封闭壳体22的开口。
盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。盖21的材质也可以是多种的，包括但不限于铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等。盖21上可以设置有如电极端子21a等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电极组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，电极端子21a可以包括正极电极端子和负极电极端子，用于电流的输出以及与外部电路的连接。在一些实施例中，盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的透气阀组件。在一些实施例中，在盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与盖21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使盖21和壳体22一体化，具体地，盖21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使盖21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电极组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，包括但不限于铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等。
电极组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个 电极组件23。电极组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件23的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池单体20的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子21a以形成电流回路。
随着电池单体的充放电循环次数的增加，外壳内部因电化学副反应而产生的气体逐渐增多，从而导致外壳内部压力提升。然而，外壳内部的气压上升容易导致电池单体的外壳发生变形，以及容易导致外壳的结构强度失效。为了减小电池单体内部气体增加对外壳的影响，相关技术中在电池单体的外壳上设计透气阀组件，透气阀组件能允许气体穿过，可以使内部气体增多时能排出到电池单体外部，减小电池单体内部的气压。但这种方案还存在一些问题，比如，透气阀组件占用较多的电池单体外部的空间，对电池层级产生影响，比如影响电池层级部件的装配，影响电池单体防爆阀的排气空间；再例如，透气阀的透气膜受到内部气压作用后会向外鼓胀，鼓胀后的高度超出电池所允许的高度。基于以上考虑，为了解决现有技术中电池单体存在的技术问题，本申请提出了一种电池单体，该电池单体能够对外壳内部的气体(压力)进行持续释放，同时有效减小透气阀组件相对于外壳表面的突出高度。
参见图4-图7，图4是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的局部结构的组装示意图，图5是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的局部结构的爆炸示意图，图6是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的局部结构的剖切示意图，图7是图6中区域q的放大图。
本实施例的电池单体包括外壳，外壳包括壁部101，壁部101包括壁部主体1011，壁部主体1011包括相背设置的第一主表面a1和第二主表面a2，第二主表面a2朝向外壳内部设置，壁部101上设置有相对于第一主表面a1凹陷设置的第一凹陷区W1以及连通外壳内部与第一凹陷区W1的泄压孔H1。
具体地，壁部主体1011可以呈板状设置，包括但不限于方形板状、腰形板状、椭圆形板状。针对不同的电池单体20，可设置有不同形状的壁部主体1011。主表面可定义为壁部主体1011中面积最大的表面。在本实施例中，壁部101可以是上文描述的盖21，可以是壳体22的一部分。
在本实施例中，泄压孔H1设置于第一凹陷区W1的底部，在其他实施例中，泄压孔H1可以设置于其他位置，只需使得外壳内部的气体能够通过泄压孔H1与电池单体的外部环境连通。可选地，泄压孔H1的形状包括但不限于圆形孔、三角孔以及方形孔等。
本实施例的电池单体还包括透气阀组件102，透气阀组件102至少部分设置于第一凹陷区W1内，并用于覆盖泄压孔H1。
在本实施例，透气阀组件102沿第一主表面a1的垂直方向D1上的正投影覆盖泄压孔H1。需要注意的是，透气阀组件102覆盖泄压孔H1是指透气阀组件102位于外壳内部的气体经由泄压孔H1和第一凹陷区W1到达电池单体的外部环境连通路径上，并能够起到一定的阻挡作用，并不局限于图5所示的情况。例如，在其他实施例中，第一凹陷区W1通过导管连通外壳内部，并以导管远离第一凹陷区W1一端作为泄压孔H1时，透气阀组件102沿第一主表面a1的垂直方向D1上的投影也可以与泄压孔H1错开。
透气阀组件102是指在正常状态下允许电池单体内的气体持续通过但能够阻隔电池单体内的电解液通过的元件。具体如下文所述，透气阀组件102可以包括具有透气阻液功能的透气膜1021。
通过上述方式，利用透气阀组件覆盖泄压孔，通过透气阀组件的透气特性能够持续性排出电池单体外壳内的气体，进而有效泄压。进一步，将透气阀组件至少部分设置于第一凹陷区内，能够减小透气阀组件相对于壁部主体的第一主表面的突出高度，进而减少透气阀组件对于电池层级空间的占用。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，透气阀组件102包括透气膜1021，透气膜1021设置有承 受外壳内外压力的承压区W4，承压区W4相较于第一主表面a1更靠近外壳内部。
其中，透气膜1021的承压区W4具有缓慢透气的功能，能够及时排出电池单体外壳内部产生的气体来降低或者维持电池单体内部的气压，以具有较好的安全性能。透气膜1021的承压区W4具有透气阻液性能，即能够允许气体通过，但不允许液体通过，能够在透气泄压的同时阻挡电解液泄露。根据本申请的一些实施例中，透气膜1021的承压区W4可以为氟化乙烯丙烯共聚物(FEP)、聚氯三氟乙烯(PCTFE)等高分子材质膜。使得透气膜具有一定的柔性和韧性，能够在被电池单体外壳内部的气体施压时，具有一定的拉伸膨胀性，且不易爆破。
透气膜1021至少部分覆盖泄压孔H1，从而使得外壳内部的气体可以通过泄压孔H1作用在透气膜1021上。透气膜1021上可以设置有承受外壳内外压力的承压区W4，承压区W4为透气膜1021上对应覆盖泄压孔H1的区域。在本实施例，承压区W4沿第一主表面a1的垂直方向D1上的正投影覆盖泄压孔H1。承压区W4受到电池单体外壳内部的气体压力具有朝向第一主表面a1突起的趋势。承压区W4可相对其他区域更厚一些，以防其受压突起过大而爆破。进一步地，承压区W4相较于第一主表面a1更靠近外壳内部。或者说，承压区W4靠近第一凹陷区W1的底部。通过将承压区设置成相较于第一主表面更靠近外壳内部，能够改善因外壳内部气压引起的承压区鼓胀所导致的透气阀组件相对于壁部主体的第一主表面的突出高度超高的问题。
参照图4、图5和图7，图8是根据一个或多个实施例的透气膜的结构示意图。透气膜1021的承压区W4内有减薄区K，减薄区K处的撕裂强度小于承压区W4的其他位置的撕裂强度。
减薄区K，是指设置于承压区W4内的非贯通凹槽，可以采用冲压成型以及铣削加工成型等方式成型。减薄区K的形状可以环形、弧形、U形、直线型、以及H形槽等。
在电池单体的壳体内部压力超过压力阈值时，减薄区K能够成为应力集中点而相对承压区W4的其他部分优先破裂而形成气体排放的开口，有利于提升透气膜1021的压敏性，提升透气膜1021的防爆性能。本领域技术人员可以通过减薄区K的深度、长度和宽度等对减薄区K的撕裂强度进行定向调控，从而满足不同产品的防爆需求。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，减薄区K形状为半封闭曲线。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，承压区W4相较于第二主表面a2更靠近外壳内部。该实施方式中，承压区W4进一步下陷，沿垂直于第一主表面a1朝向第二主表面a2的方向(D1方向)，承压区W4凸出于第二主表面a2。通过将承压区设置成相较于第二主表面更靠近外壳内部，使得承压区进一步下陷，能够改善因外壳内部气压引起的承压区鼓胀所导致的透气阀组件相对于壁部主体的第一主表面的突出高度超高问题。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，壁部101还包括下沉部1012，下沉部1012与壁部主体1011连接，并凸出于第二主表面a2，第一凹陷区W1至少部分位于下沉部1012内，泄压孔H1和透气阀组件102设置于下沉部1012上。
下沉部1012与壁部主体1011组成壁部101，可以是下沉部1012与壁部主体1011一体成型形成壁部101；可以是第二主表面a2朝向外壳内部凸起形成下沉部1012。也可以是下沉部1012与壁部主体1011连接形成壁部101，连接方式包括但不限于焊接、粘接、卡接等。
沿第一主表面a1的垂直方向D1上，下沉部1012的正投影与第一凹陷区W1的正投影至少部分重叠。可以是下沉部1012设置于第一凹陷区W1的底部，即第一凹陷区W1至少部分位于下沉部1012内；或者说第一凹陷区W1的面积是大于下沉部1012所在区域的面积；再或者说下沉部1012所在区域属于第一凹陷区W1的一部分，即可以是第一凹陷区W1与下沉部1012存在部分重叠区域；也可以是第一凹陷区W1完全位于下沉部1012内，即下沉部1012所在区域形成第一凹陷区W1。
泄压孔H1和透气阀组件102设置下沉部1012上，泄压孔H1设置于下沉部1012的底部，连通下沉部1012与外壳内部的环境。透气阀组件102覆盖泄压孔H1，透气阀组件102设置 于下沉部1012上。泄压孔H1和透气阀组件102相较于第二主表面a2更靠近外壳内部，从而尽可能减少透气阀组件102受到电池单体内部的气压朝向第一主表面a1的突出高度，以减少透气阀组件对于电池层级空间的占用。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，下沉部1012朝向第一凹陷区W1的一侧设置有第一环形台面S1，第一环形台面S1环绕泄压孔H1设置，透气阀组件102支撑于第一环形台面S1上，第一环形台面S1与第二主表面a2平齐，或第一环形台面S1相较于第二主表面a2更靠近外壳内部。
第一环形台面S1环绕泄压孔H1设置，可以理解为第一环形台面S1围绕在泄压孔H1的周围，或者说第一环形台面S1的开孔区形成泄压孔H1。第一环形台面S1可以为整圆环，也可以为整圆环的一部分，可以为平坦的面，也可以为非平坦的面，可以是圆形台面，也可以是椭圆形台面。
透气阀组件102支撑于第一环形台面S1上，透气阀组件102的面积大于或等于泄压孔H1的面积，或者透气阀组件102的面积大于或等于第一环形台面S1开口区的面积，透气阀组件102通过第一环形台面S1固定于泄压孔H1的上方。能够提高透气阀组件的安装稳定性，防止透气阀组件被气压冲击时脱离。
第一环形台面S1与第二主表面a2平齐或相较于第二主表面a2更靠近外壳内部。可以是对壁部主体1011进行开槽，形成第一凹陷区W1的同时，在靠近第二主表面a2处保留的壁部主体1011形成第一环形台面S1。也可以是在对应第一凹陷区W1的壁部主体1011的第二主表面a2连接环形平台形成第一环形台面S1。通过将用于支撑透气阀组件的第一环形台面设置成与第二主表面平齐或相较于第二主表面更靠近外壳内部，能够减小透气阀组件相对于第一主表面的突出高度，进而减少透气阀组件对于电池层级空间的占用。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，下沉部1012包括侧壁部10121和底壁部10122，侧壁部10121呈筒状设置，侧壁部10121连接壁部主体1011，并凸出于第二主表面a2，底壁部10122与侧壁部10121连接，第一凹陷区W1包括底壁部10122与侧壁部10121所围设的区域，泄压孔H1设置于底壁部10122，底壁部10122朝向第一凹陷区W1的一侧设置有第一环形台面S1，第一环形台面S1环绕泄压孔H1设置，透气阀组件102支撑于第一环形台面S1上。
筒状的侧壁部10121与壁部主体1011连接，或者说沿第二主表面a2朝向外壳内部方向(D1方向)壁部主体1011延伸形成下沉部1012的侧壁部10121，侧壁部10121沿D1方向的垂直方向延伸形成下沉部1012的底壁部10122。筒状的侧壁部10121与底壁部10122配合形成下沉部1012。再或者说沿第二主表面a2朝向外壳内部方向(D1方向)壁部主体1011下陷形成下沉部1012，下陷的底壁部10122与侧壁部10121围设形成第一凹陷区W1。泄压孔H1设置于底壁部10122上，并在底壁部10122朝向第一凹陷区W1的一侧设置第一环形台面S1，并使第一环形台面S1环绕泄压孔H1。以使透气阀组件102支撑于第一环形台面S1上覆盖泄压孔H1。通过利用筒状的侧壁部和底壁部配合形成下沉部，筒状的侧壁部有利于增加下沉部相对于第二主表面的凸出高度，并且便于将透气阀组件支撑于底壁部的第一环形台面上。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，底壁部10122朝向第一凹陷区W1的一侧还设置有第二环形台面S2和过渡连接面S3，第二环形台面S2环绕第一环形台面S1设置，第一环形台面S1相较于第二环形台面S2更靠近外壳内部，过渡连接面S3连接第一环形台面S1和第二环形台面S2，第二环形台面S2连接侧壁部10121的内壁面和过渡连接面S3，透气阀组件102设置于过渡连接面S3所围设的空间内。
第二环形台面S2可以为整圆环，也可以为整圆环的一部分，可以为平坦的面，也可以为非平坦的面。沿第二主表面a2朝向外壳内部方向(D1方向)下沉部1012包括呈阶梯状的第一环形台面S1和第二环形台面S2，第二环形台面S2高于第一环形台面S1。或者说，第一环形台面S1和第二环形台面S2为同心圆环台/椭圆环台，第二环形台面S2的半径大于第一 环形台面S1的半径，使得第二环形台面S2环绕第一环形台面S1设置。第一环形台面S1和第二环形台面S2为阶梯的台阶面，过渡连接面S3为两个台阶面的连接面。再或者说沿第二主表面a2朝向外壳内部方向(D1方向)壁部主体1011延伸形成下沉部1012的侧壁部10121，侧壁部10121沿D1方向的垂直方向延伸形成第二环形台面S2，再沿D1方向延伸形成过渡连接面S3，然后沿D1方向的垂直方向延伸形成第一环形台面S1，使得第二环形台面S2连接侧壁部10121的内壁面和过渡连接面S3。
在将透气阀组件102安装于第一环形台面S1上时，使得透气阀组件102处于过渡连接面S3所围设的空间内，围绕在第一环形台面S1周围的第二环形台面S2可以为透气阀组件102的安装位置提供视觉上的定位，提高透气阀组件102安装的效率。此外，当第一环形台面距离第一主表面距离较远且需要通过点焊方式焊接固定透气阀组件时，过渡连接面的存在便于提供焊接位点，易于形成焊接熔池，从而能够降低焊接难度，提高焊接效率，同时还能够为透气阀组件提供定位效果，有利于提高透气阀组件位置的稳定性。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，透气阀组件102沿透气阀组件102的边缘焊接固定于底壁部10122上。通过焊接方式将透气阀组件的边缘固定于底壁部能够提高透气阀组件的稳定性。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，在壁部主体1011的厚度方向(D1方向)上，第二环形台面S2与透气阀组件102的边缘的高度差的绝对值小于或等于0.2mm，例如，0.2mm、0.15mm、0.1mm、0.05mm、0.01mm、0.005mm、0.001mm、0.0001mm等。请参阅图7，透气阀组件102的边缘是指透气阀组件102中固定件1023的边缘，更具体的是固定件1023与过渡连接面S3相对的那一面的边缘。可以是固定件1023在第二环形台面S2的上方，即第二环形台面S2的高度低于透气阀组件102的边缘高度，高度差小于或等于0.2mm；也可以是固定件1023在第二环形台面S2的下方，即第二环形台面S2的高度高于透气阀组件102的边缘高度，高度差小于或等于0.2mm。本领域技术人员可以根据产品和工艺需求对第二环形台面S2与透气阀组件102的边缘的高度差进行选择。若第二环形台面S2与透气阀组件102的边缘的高度差过大，会使得两者间的间隙过大，增大焊接难度。在本实施例中，在壁部主体的厚度方向上，通过控制第二环形台面与透气阀组件的边缘的高度差处于上述范围内，能够提高透气阀组件的边缘与底壁部之间的焊接强度。
请参阅图7，在壁部主体1011厚度的垂直方向上，第二环形台面S2的宽度Y大于或等于0.2mm，例如0.2mm、0.25mm、0.3mm、0.5mm、1mm、10mm、20mm、25mm、30mm、50mm等，本领域技术人员可以根据产品和工艺需求对第二环形台面S2的宽度进行选择。如此，第二环形台面S2在视觉上较为明显，能够进一步在将透气阀组件102安装在第一环形台面S1上时提供视觉定位，提高透气阀组件的边缘与底壁部之间的焊接强度。另外，将透气阀组件102与第二环形台面S2焊接时，过渡连接面S3需提供容纳焊接剂熔融液的空间，若宽度太窄，则容易焊接不良，导致焊接不稳定。通过控制第二环形台面S2的宽度Y大于或等于0.2mm，能够提高透气阀组件的边缘与底壁部之间的焊接强度。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，下沉部1012的壁厚小于或等于壁部主体1011的壁厚。请参阅图7，壁部主体1011的壁厚即可认为形成第一主表面a1和第二主表面a2的主体部分的厚度，或者说壁部主体1011的壁厚可以理解为壁部主体1011的第一主表面a1和第二主表面a2之间的距离(图中所示距离d)。下沉部1012可以包括侧壁部和底壁部，下沉部1012的壁厚即可认为是下沉部1012的底壁部的厚度(图中所示距离h1)、或侧壁部的厚度(图中所示距离h2)。底壁部的厚度h1、侧壁部的厚度h2均小于或等于壁部主体的壁厚d。可以是对壁部主体冲压形成下沉部，即底壁部和侧壁部都是在原本的壁部主体材料的基础上被压缩形成，其厚度变小。通过这种方式，能够减少下沉部的用料，从而降低整个外壳的用料成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，下沉部1012在壁部101中的面积占比小于或等于三分之一，例如，下沉部1012在壁部101中的面积占比包括但不限于十分之一、八分之一、六分之一、五分之一、四分之一以及三分之一等，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求对该面积占比进行 选择。这样设计能够减小下沉部对壁部的结构强度的影响，同时在需要的情况下可以为壁部上的其他部件(例如上述电极端子21a等)预留出安装空间，减少加工、安装以及使用过程中下沉部与其他部件之间的相互干扰。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，透气阀组件102包括透气膜1021和固定件1023，透气膜1021包括设置有承受外壳内外压力的承压区W4，固定件1023环绕透气膜1021设置，并围设形成窗口区W3，固定件1023用于将透气膜1021固定于壁部101上，承压区W4经窗口区W3外露。
固定件1023可以为中心设孔的环形板，其材质可以为金属，包括但不限于铝、铁以及铜等，也可以为有机高分子等非金属材质，本领域技术人员可以根据产品和工艺需求对固定件1023的材质进行选择。透气膜1021、固定件1023与壁部101的组装方式可以为：先将透气膜1021与固定件1023连接，再将固定件1023与第二环形台面S2采用黏结、焊接、卡接等方式进行固定连接。
请参阅图8，图8是根据一个或多个实施例的透气膜的结构示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例中，透气膜1021还包括围绕承压区W4设置的加强环10211，加强环10211的强度相对承压区W4的强度大，或者说承压区W4的柔性比加强环10211的柔性大。加强环10211能够给承压区W4提供一定的支撑，加强环10211可用于将透气膜1021与固定件1023固定。在某些实施例中，透气膜1021的加强环10211上可以设置有卡接凸起，固定件1023上与透气膜1021上对应的位置可以设置有卡接凹槽，通过卡接凸起和卡接凹槽的卡接可以实现透气膜1021与固定件1023的固定，该固定方法结构简单且卡接稳定性较高，能够提高透气膜与固定件的固定强度。该实施例通过设置有窗口区的固定件将透气膜固定于壁部上，能够简化透气膜的固定方式，同时提高固定的稳定性。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体包括设置于所述壁部101上且凸出于第一主表面a1的电极端子21a，其中固定件1023相对于第一主表面a1的凸起高度小于或等于电极端子21a相对于第一主表面a1的凸起高度。
在电池单体的加工过程中，一般是先进行透气阀组件102的固定，之后再进行电极端子21a的安装。若透气阀组件102相对于第一主表面a1的凸起高度比电极端子21a相对于第一主表面a1的凸起高度高，透气阀组件102会对电极端子21a的输送、焊接产生阻碍，因此固定件相对于第一主表面的凸起高度小于或等于电极端子相对于第一主表面的凸起高度能够减少外壳组装过程中固定件对于电极端子与外部汇流部件的连接过程的干扰。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，固定件1023背离外壳内部一侧相较于第一主表面a1更靠近外壳内部。或者说固定件1023位于第一凹陷区W1内。电极端子21a相对于第一主表面a1凸起，固定件1023相对于第一主表面a1凹陷，有利于实现电极端子顶端与固定件之间的高度差，能够进一步减少固定件对于电极端子与外部汇流部件的连接过程的干扰。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，壁部101上设置有相对于第一主表面a1凹陷设置的第二凹陷区W2，电极端子21a设置于第二凹陷区W2内，第二凹陷区W2的深度小于第一凹陷区W1的深度。第二凹陷区W2能够实现电极端子21a的定位。此外，由于第二凹陷区的深度小于第一凹陷区的深度，有利于增加透气阀组件与电极端子之间的高度差。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，透气阀组件102包括透气膜1021，透气膜1021设置有承受外壳内外压力的承压区W4，电池单体还包括阻挡件1022，阻挡件1022用于在外壳的内部压力和/或外壳的外部压力对承压区W4的作用方向上阻挡承压区W4。
阻挡件1022可以为十字性、长条状、网状等，阻挡件1022位于承压区W4朝向第一主表面a1的一侧，并局部覆盖承压区W4。当外壳内部压力使得透气膜朝向第一主表面的一侧鼓胀时，阻挡件能够对膨胀的承压区起到阻挡作用，能够减低透气膜因外壳的内外压差所引起的承压区鼓胀现象的发生。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，透气阀组件102包括固定件1023，透气膜1021通过固定 件1023连接于壁部101，阻挡件1022连接于固定件1023，并位于承压区W4背离外壳内部一侧。当在外壳内部压力增加、承压区W4朝向第一主表面a1的一侧鼓胀时，阻挡件1022和固定件1023能够对膨胀的承压区W4起到阻挡作用。通过将阻挡件连接于用于固定透气膜的固定件，能够简化装配方式，同时将阻挡件位于承压区背离外壳内部一侧，能够减小透气膜因外壳的内部气压过大所引起的承压区鼓胀现象的发生，从而改善因承压区鼓胀所导致的透气阀组件超高问题。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，透气阀组件102还包括夹置于透气膜1021与第一环形台面S1之间的密封环1024。密封环1024环绕泄压孔H1设置，抵接第一环形台面S1与透气膜1021。从而能够提高透气膜与下沉部之间的密封性，同时减少外壳内部的电解液从外壳内部流出的概率。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，请参阅图9，图9是根据一个或多个实施例的电池单体的局部结构的组装示意图。电池单体还包括防爆阀1025，防爆阀1025可以包括覆盖防爆孔的泄压阀，防爆孔为贯穿外壳的通孔。防爆孔可以设置于盖上，也可以设置于壳体22上。泄压阀可以为金属片，例如铝片。防爆阀1025也可以为一体形成在外壳上的刻痕，刻痕为外壳上的厚度薄弱区。当电池单体的外壳内部因为热失控而产生大量气体，当压力达到一定程度时，防爆阀打开，可以将外壳内部的气体快速排出至外壳外部，降低外壳内部气压过高导致电池单体的外壳发生变形，以及外壳的结构强度失效的概率。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，请参阅图6，壁部主体1011上进一步设置有注液孔H2，注液孔H2的孔缘与下沉部1012的外表面的最小间隔距离Z大于或等于0.5mm，例如0.5mm、1mm、2mm、5mm、10mm、20mm、30mm、50mm以及100mm等。
注液孔H2可以理解为贯穿外壳的通孔，在电池单体20生产的过程中，通过注液孔H2向外壳内部注入电解液。本实施例中，注液孔的孔缘与下沉部的外表面的间距处于上述范围能够减少外壳加工过程中注液孔和下沉部之间的干扰，有利于降低加工难度。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体20包括衬板104，衬板104贴合于壁部101朝向外壳内部的一侧，衬板104朝向壁部101的一侧设置有容置槽W5，至少部分下沉部1012容纳于容置槽W5内。
衬板104可以由塑胶一体预制成型或由各塑胶部件组装而成，材质可以包括绝缘材料。衬板104可以提供绝缘性能，提高外壳内部与壁部101之间的电气绝缘。此外，衬板104还可以对外壳内部的电极组件起到固定和保护作用，减少电池单体运输、使用过程中尤其是在震动环境下外壳内部电极组件等元件因为移位而发生的断路。衬板104与壁部101之间的连接方式包括但不限于焊接、黏结或者卡接等。具体而言，衬板104朝向壁部101的一侧上可以设置有多个凸起，壁部101上可以对应凸起设置有安装孔，将衬板104贴合于壁部101之上时，凸起卡入安装孔之中，实现将衬板104和壁部101连接的目的。在该实施例中，通过将下沉部嵌入于容置槽内，有利于壁部和衬板之间进行贴合固定。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，容置槽W5的槽壁设置有阵列排布的多个透气孔H3。例如，请参考图5，在一些实施例中，容置槽W5中设置有多个长条状的透气孔H3，多个透气孔H3在衬板104的长度方向和宽度方向上呈阵列状整齐排列，从而减小对衬板的结构强度的影响。
透气孔H3可以理解为贯通衬板104的通孔，用于外壳内部气体的排出。透气孔H3的形状包括但不限于圆形、方形、三角形等。该实施例中容置槽设置多个透气孔，透气孔可以连通泄压孔和外壳内部，使得外壳内部产生的气体可以从透气孔中透过流向外壳外部，从而使得泄压孔有效连通外壳。
综上所述，本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。电池单体包括外壳和透气阀组件，外壳包括壁部，壁部包括壁部主体，壁部主体包括相背设置的第一主表面和第二主表面，第二主表面朝向外壳内部设置，壁部上设置有相对于第一主表面凹陷设置的第一凹陷区以及连通外壳内部与第一凹陷区的泄压孔；透气阀组件至少部分设置于第一凹陷区内，并用 于覆盖泄压孔。通过上述方式，利用透气阀组件覆盖泄压孔，通过透气阀组件的透气特性能够持续性排出外壳内的气体，进而有效泄压。进一步，将透气阀组件至少部分设置于第一凹陷区内，能够减小透气阀组件相对于第一主表面的突出高度，进而减少透气阀组件对于电池层级空间的占用。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体包括：
    外壳，所述外壳包括壁部，所述壁部包括壁部主体，所述壁部主体包括相背设置的第一主表面和第二主表面，所述第二主表面朝向所述外壳内部设置，所述壁部上设置有相对于所述第一主表面凹陷的第一凹陷区以及连通所述外壳内部与所述第一凹陷区的泄压孔；
    透气阀组件，所述透气阀组件至少部分设置于第一凹陷区内，并用于覆盖所述泄压孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述透气阀组件包括透气膜，所述透气膜设置有承受所述外壳内外压力的承压区，所述承压区相较于所述第一主表面更靠近所述外壳内部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述承压区相较于所述第二主表面更靠近所述外壳内部。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述壁部还包括下沉部，所述下沉部与所述壁部主体连接，并凸出于所述第二主表面，所述第一凹陷区至少部分位于所述下沉部内，所述泄压孔和所述透气阀组件设置于所述下沉部上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述下沉部朝向所述第一凹陷区的一侧设置有第一环形台面，所述第一环形台面环绕所述泄压孔设置，所述透气阀组件支撑于所述第一环形台面上，所述第一环形台面与所述第二主表面平齐或相较于所述第二主表面更靠近所述外壳内部。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述下沉部包括侧壁部和底壁部，所述侧壁部呈筒状设置，所述侧壁部连接所述壁部主体，并凸出于所述第二主表面，所述底壁部与所述侧壁部连接，所述第一凹陷区包括所述底壁部与所述侧壁部所围设的区域，所述泄压孔设置于所述底壁部，所述底壁部朝向所述第一凹陷区的一侧设置有第一环形台面，所述第一环形台面环绕所述泄压孔设置，所述透气阀组件支撑于所述第一环形台面上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述底壁部朝向所述第一凹陷区的一侧还设置有第二环形台面和过渡连接面，所述第二环形台面环绕所述第一环形台面设置，所述第一环形台面相较于所述第二环形台面更靠近所述外壳内部，所述过渡连接面连接所述第一环形台面和所述第二环形台面，所述第二环形台面连接所述侧壁部的内壁面和所述过渡连接面，所述透气阀组件至少部分设置于所述过渡连接面所围设的空间内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述透气阀组件沿所述透气阀组件的边缘焊接固定于所述底壁部上。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其特征在于，在所述壁部主体的厚度方向上，所述第二环形台面与所述透气阀组件的边缘的高度差的绝对值小于或等于0.2mm；和/或，
    在所述壁部主体的厚度方向的垂直方向上，所述第二环形台面的宽度大于或等于0.2mm。
  10. 根据权利要求4-9任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述下沉部的壁厚小于或等于所述壁部主体的壁厚。
  11. 根据权利要求4-10任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述下沉部在所述壁部中的面积占比小于或等于三分之一。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述透气阀组件包括透气膜和固定件，所述透气膜包括设置有承受所述外壳内外压力的承压区，所述固定件环绕所述透气膜设置，并围设形成窗口区，所述固定件用于将所述透气膜固定于所述壁部上，所述承压区经所述窗口区外露。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体包括设置于所述壁部 上且凸出于所述第一主表面的电极端子，其中所述固定件相对于所述第一主表面的凸起高度小于或等于所述电极端子相对于所述第一主表面的凸起高度。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述固定件背离所述外壳内部一侧相较于所述第一主表面更靠近所述外壳内部。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述壁部上设置有相对于所述第一主表面凹陷的第二凹陷区，所述电极端子设置于所述第二凹陷区内，所述第二凹陷区的深度小于所述第一凹陷区的深度。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述透气阀组件包括透气膜，所述透气膜设置有承受所述外壳内外压力的承压区，所述电池单体还包括阻挡件，所述阻挡件用于在所述外壳的内部压力和/或所述外壳的外部压力对所述承压区的作用方向上阻挡所述承压区。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述透气阀组件包括固定件，所述透气膜通过所述固定件连接于所述壁部，所述阻挡件连接于所述固定件，并位于所述承压区背离所述外壳内部一侧。
  18. 根据权利要求4-17任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述壁部主体上进一步设置有注液孔，所述注液孔的孔缘与所述下沉部的外表面的最小间隔距离大于或等于0.5mm。
  19. 根据权利要求4-18任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体包括衬板，所述衬板贴合于所述壁部朝向所述外壳内部的一侧，所述衬板朝向所述壁部的一侧设置有容置槽，至少部分所述下沉部容纳于所述容置槽内。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述容置槽的槽壁设置有阵列排布的多个透气孔。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述透气膜为高分子材质。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述外壳包括盖和壳体，所述盖封闭所述壳体的开口，所述壁部为所述盖。
  23. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-22任意一项所述的电池单体。
  24. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求23中的电池。
PCT/CN2023/130243 2022-08-25 2023-11-07 电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2024221825A1 (zh)

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