WO2024115185A1 - Electric power supply system for a vehicle - Google Patents
Electric power supply system for a vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024115185A1 WO2024115185A1 PCT/EP2023/082460 EP2023082460W WO2024115185A1 WO 2024115185 A1 WO2024115185 A1 WO 2024115185A1 EP 2023082460 W EP2023082460 W EP 2023082460W WO 2024115185 A1 WO2024115185 A1 WO 2024115185A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power
- cell
- battery
- voltage
- power supply
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of hybrid or electric vehicles, and more precisely to an electrical power system for a hybrid or electric vehicle.
- an electric or hybrid vehicle comprises an electric vehicle propulsion machine, as well as a storage battery capable of being connected to the electric machine.
- An inverter is connected between the battery and the electric machine and makes it possible to convert the direct voltage supplied by the battery into an alternating voltage, in particular three-phase, in order to power each phase of the electric machine.
- the vehicle also includes an internal electrical supply network making it possible to power the vehicle's electrical equipment (for example the windshield wipers, headlights, dashboard indicator lights, etc.).
- vehicle's electrical equipment for example the windshield wipers, headlights, dashboard indicator lights, etc.
- the voltage supplied by the network is for example 12 or 14 V.
- the vehicle also includes an auxiliary battery capable of supplying the network and a DC-DC voltage converter connected between the auxiliary battery and the battery, in order to recharge the auxiliary battery.
- auxiliary batteries and associated converters in a vehicle depends on the type of vehicle, which requires significant adaptation efforts.
- each battery is in reality made up of a set of battery cells linked together statically.
- the charge level of each battery depends on the state of charge of each cell.
- cells may not all have identical electrical and energy characteristics. The sizing of each battery must therefore take into consideration the aging phenomena and the performance of each cell, which is restrictive.
- the dimensions of the components of the converter and the inverter are carried out so that the voltage supplied by the converter and the inverter are each defined over a wide range of voltages.
- this can cause on the one hand losses after each conversion implemented by the converter or the inverter and on the other hand a difficulty in precisely controlling the output power of each converter and/or inverter.
- the invention relates to an electrical power supply system for an electric or hybrid vehicle, the vehicle comprising an electrical power bus capable of powering electrical equipment mounted in the vehicle, said system comprising: a) a direct-direct voltage converter, b) at least two power cells each comprising: i) a rectifier capable of supplying an alternating voltage from a direct voltage and vice versa, ii) a battery), electrically connected to the rectifier, able to operate in a discharge mode, in which the battery is able to supply a first direct voltage and able to operate in a charging mode in which the battery is able to recharge from a direct voltage, iii) a switching cell comprising switches capable of connecting the battery to the converter, c) a set of switches capable of connecting the battery of a power cell to the battery of the neighboring power cell, in order to connect the batteries in series, d) a second set of switches capable of connecting all of the batteries connected in series to the electrical power bus, e) a control unit configured to control
- the power system makes it possible to power the power bus only from the electrical energy supplied by the batteries connected in series, and not from the DC-DC converter.
- the other battery(ies) of the other power modules make it possible to provide additional electrical energy to that already supplied by the battery in charge, and necessary in order to correctly power the power bus.
- the other battery(ies) provide a quantity of electrical energy dependent on the state of charge and the quantity of electrical energy supplied by the battery in charge, and the electrical energy necessary for the power bus.
- the power supply system comprises a connection module capable of electrically connecting each power cell to an electrical supply network capable of supplying an alternating voltage or to electrical equipment external to the vehicle capable of being powered from an alternating voltage: a) if the alternating voltage supplied by the supply network, or if the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is single-phase, the connection module is capable of connecting the single-phase voltage to at least one power cell, b) if the alternating voltage supplied by the power network, or if the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is three-phase, the connection module is capable of connecting each phase of said voltage to a power cell.
- the power system makes it possible to charge each battery from a three-phase or single-phase alternating voltage.
- each power supply cell comprises a coil, connected on the one hand to the rectifier and on the other hand to the switching cell.
- Each coil controls the current by regulating the voltage across each battery.
- the power supply system comprises three power cells.
- the power supply system comprises three power cells.
- connection module comprises: a. a first connection terminal electrically connected to the first power cell, b. a second connection terminal, vs. a third connection terminal, d. a first switch, capable of connecting the second power cell to the first connection terminal or to the second connection terminal, e. a second switch capable of connecting the third power cell to the first connection terminal or to the third connection terminal.
- the voltage supplied on the first connection terminal is single-phase and powers the first power cell, said voltage can also power the second and the third power cell.
- the voltage supplied on the first connection terminal is three-phase: each phase is connected to a connection terminal, itself connected to a power supply cell.
- a battery is charged using single-phase or three-phase voltage.
- the first switch and the second switch of the connection module are configured to: a) connect the first connection terminal to the second power cell and to the third power cell, or b) disconnecting the first connection terminal from the second power cell and the third power cell.
- each power cell from a single-phase voltage.
- the single-phase voltage can thus be connected alternatively to each of the power cells, in order to balance the state of charge of all the batteries, and not always charge/discharge the same battery.
- the invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising an electrical power bus capable of powering electrical equipment mounted in the vehicle and an electrical power system as presented previously.
- the invention also relates to a method of controlling an electrical system as presented previously, said method being implemented by the control unit and comprising the steps consisting of: a) Disconnecting the DC-DC converter from the power bus and each power cell, b) supply one of the power cells with electrical energy, c) Close each switch of the first set of switches in order to connect all the batteries in series, d) Close each switch of the second set of switches in order to power the power bus from the electrical energy supplied by the battery pack.
- Figure 1 is a diagram representing the power supply system according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is an electronic diagram representing the first operating mode of the power system according to Figure 1.
- Figure 3 represents the variation in the supply voltage supplied by each of the power cells of the power system according to Figure 1.
- the vehicle notably includes an HV electrical power bus.
- the HV electric power bus is capable of supplying electrical energy to various electrical equipment on board the vehicle. Even more precisely, the power bus includes a positive HV+ terminal and a negative HV- terminal.
- the vehicle also includes an electrical power system 1.
- the power supply system 1 comprises at least two power cells 10, 20, 30, a connection module 40, a DC-DC voltage converter 50 and a control unit (not shown in the figures).
- the DC-DC converter 50 is intended to be electrically connected between the positive terminal HV+ and the negative terminal HV- of the power bus.
- the power system 1 comprises a first power cell 10, a second power cell 20 and a third cell power supply 30.
- Each power supply cell 10, 20, 30 is capable of converting an alternating voltage into a direct voltage.
- Each power cell 10, 20, 30 comprises a rectifier r1, r2, r3, a battery B1, B2, B3 and a switching cell Cio, C 2 o, C 3 o.
- each rectifier r1, r2, r3 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 is said to be bidirectional.
- each rectifier r1, r2, r3 is capable of supplying an alternating voltage from a direct voltage and vice versa.
- Each rectifier r1, r2, r3 includes two input terminals and two output terminals.
- each rectifier r1, r2, r3 comprises a first switch connected between a high point PH and a first midpoint PM1, a second switch connected between the first midpoint PM1 and between a low point PB, a third switch connected between the high point PH and a second midpoint PM2 and a fourth switch connected between the second midpoint PM2 and the low point PB.
- the two input terminals of each rectifier r1, r2, r3 designate the first midpoint PM1 and the second midpoint PM2.
- the two output terminals designate the high point PH and the low point PB.
- the battery B1, B2, B3 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 is capable of operating in a discharge mode, in which the battery B1, B2, B3 is capable of supplying a direct voltage.
- the value of the direct voltage supplied by each battery B1, B2, B3 can also be controlled.
- the battery B1, B2, B3 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 is also capable of operating in a charging mode in which the battery B1, B2, B3 recharges.
- each battery B1, B2, B3 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 is connected to the corresponding rectifier r1, r2, r3. More precisely, each battery B1, B2, B3 is connected between the two output terminals of the corresponding rectifier r1, r2, r3.
- the switching cell Cio, C 2 o, C 3 o of each power supply cell 10, 20, 30 is capable of connecting the battery B1, B2, B3 to the DC-DC converter 50.
- the cell switching Cio, C 20 , C 30 is connected on the one hand to the battery B1, B2, B3 and on the other hand to the DC-DC converter 50.
- Each switching cell Cio, C 20 , C 30 comprises a first switch 110, I20, I30 and a second switch 110', I20', I30'.
- the first switch 110, I20, I30 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 makes it possible to connect a first terminal of the battery B1, B2, B3 to a terminal of the DC-DC converter 50.
- the second switch 110', I20', I30' of each power cell 10, 20, 30 makes it possible to connect a second terminal of the battery B1, B2, B3 to a second terminal of the DC-DC converter 50.
- each power cell 10, 20, 30 comprises a coil L1, L2, L3, connected to the input of the rectifier r1, r2, r3, in other words, a coil is connected on the one hand to the rectifier r1, r2, r3 and intended to be connected on the other hand to an alternating voltage.
- the power supply system 1 also includes a first set of switches I3 and a second set of switches I4.
- the first set of switches I3 is capable of connecting the battery B1, B2, B3 of a power supply cell 10, 20, 30 to the battery B1, B2, B3 of the neighboring power supply cell 10, 20 , 30, in order to connect the batteries B1, B2, B3 in series.
- the first set of switches I3 comprises: a. a switch connected on the one hand to the battery B1 of the first power cell Cio on the other hand to the battery B2 of the second power cell C 2 o, b. a switch connected on the one hand to the battery B2 of the second power cell C 2 o, on the other hand to the battery B3 of the third power cell C 3 o.
- the batteries B1, B2, B3 can be connected in series, it is then said that the batteries form a power supply branch.
- the second set of switches I4 makes it possible to connect the battery B1 of the first power cell Cio to the power bus HV, in particular in order to connect the branch of batteries B1, B2, B3 connected in series to the bus d HV power supply.
- connection module 40 The connection module 40 is able to be connected on the one hand to an electrical supply network or to electrical equipment external to the vehicle and on the other hand to at least one of the power cells 10, 20, 30.
- connection module 40 When the connection module 40 is connected to a power network, then the power network makes it possible to recharge at least one battery B1, B2, B3 of the at least one power cell 10, 20, 30 connected to said connection module 40.
- connection module 40 When the connection module 40 is connected to electrical equipment, then at least one battery B1, B2, B3 of the at least one power cell 10, 20, 30 connected to said connection module 40 makes it possible to supply energy to said equipment.
- connection module 40 is able to connect the single-phase voltage to at least one power cell 10, 20, 30. If the alternating voltage supplied by the power network, or if the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is three-phase, then the connection module 40 is able to connect each phase of said alternating voltage to a power supply cell 10, 20, 30 which is specific to it.
- connection module 40 comprises a first connection terminal 41, a second connection terminal 42 and a third connection terminal 43.
- each phase of said voltage is connected to a connection terminal 41, 42, 43 which is clean. Conversely, when the alternating voltage supplied by the power supply network, or when the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is single-phase, the phase of said voltage is connected to the first connection terminal 41.
- the first connection terminal 41 is connected to the first switching cell 10, more precisely to an input terminal of the rectifier r1 of the first switching cell 10.
- the connection module 40 also comprises: a) a first switch I5, configured to: i) according to a first position: connect the first connection terminal 41 to the second power cell 20, and more precisely to a terminal input of the rectifier r2 of the second power cell 20, ii) according to a second position: connect the second connection terminal 42 to the second power cell 20, and more precisely to an input terminal of the rectifier r2 of the second power cell 20, b) a second switch I6 configured for: i) according to a first position: connect the first connection terminal 41 to the third power cell 30, and more precisely to an input terminal of the rectifier r3 of the third power cell 30, ii) according to a second position: in particular when the alternating voltage supplied by the power supply network, or when the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is three-phase, connect the third connection terminal 43 to the third power supply cell 30, and more precisely at an input terminal of the rectifier r3 of the third power cell 30.
- a first switch I5 configured to: i) according to a first position
- connection module 40 is also connected to the neutral line of the alternating voltage and the connection module 40 is configured to connect the neutral line to the second input terminal of each rectifier r1, r2, r3 .
- each power cell 10, 20, 30 can also include an EMC filter, for “electromagnetic compatibility”, connected between each rectifier r1, r2, r3 and the connection module 40.
- the control unit (not shown in the figures) is configured to control the opening and closing of the switches I5, 16 of the connection module 40, of the first set of switches I3, of the second set of switches I4 and each switch of each switching cell Cio, C 2 o, C 3 o and each rectifier r1, r2, r3.
- the control unit is also capable of controlling the voltage supplied and generated by each battery B1, B2, B3 in order, for example, to regulate the current in the inductors L1, L2, L3 or to regulate the voltage to be supplied to the DC-DC converter. 50.
- control unit is responsible for controlling each of the switches in order to implement the operating mode described below.
- the control unit also controls the disconnection between the DC-DC converter 50 and the HV power bus. [0067] The control unit also controls the closing of each switch of the first set of switches I3 in order to connect all of the batteries B1, B2, B3 in series. Likewise, the control unit controls the closing of each switch of the second set of switches I4 in order to power the power bus from the electrical energy supplied by the set of batteries B1, B2, B3.
- each switching cell Cio, C 2 o, C 3 o is open, so as to disconnect all of the power cells 10, 20, 30 from the DC-DC converter 50.
- control unit controls the connection module 40 so that a single and unique power cell 10, 20, 30 of the power system 1 is connected to a voltage (single-phase or three-phase) via the connection module 40.
- a voltage single-phase or three-phase
- the control unit controls the connection module 40 so that a single and unique power cell 10, 20, 30 of the power system 1 is connected to a voltage (single-phase or three-phase) via the connection module 40.
- the first power cell 10 is supplied with electrical energy, and only the first battery B1 is in charging mode or in discharging mode.
- the operating mode described above makes it possible to power the power bus only from the batteries B1, B2, B3 connected in series, and no longer via the DC-DC converter 50.
- the first power cell 10 is connected to the connection module 40 and provides a rectified voltage Vio, which may for example have a sinusoidal part.
- the second power cell 20 and the third power cell 30 each provide a 20/30 supply voltage in order on the one hand to compensate for the sinusoidal part of the rectified voltage V10 supplied by the first power cell 10 and on the other hand to obtain a direct voltage value HV necessary for supplying the power bus.
- the second power cell 20 and the third power cell 30 make it possible here to compensate for variations in the voltage supplied by the first power cell 10 so that the voltage supplied by all of the power cells 10, 20, 30 is continuous and allows the power bus to be supplied.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electric power supply system (1) for an electric or hybrid vehicle, the vehicle comprising an electric power supply bus (HV+, HV-), the system (1) comprising: a) a DC-DC voltage converter (50) and b) at least two power supply cells (10, 20, 30), each comprising: i. a rectifier (r1, r2, r3) and ii. a battery (B1, B2, B3), the power supply system (1) being configured to operate according to an operating mode in which: - the DC-DC converter (50) is disconnected from the power supply bus (HV+, HV-) and from each power supply cell (10, 20, 30), - only one of the power supply cells (10, 20, 30) is supplied with electrical energy, - all the batteries (B1, B2, B3) are connected in series, and - the power supply bus (HV+, HV-) is supplied from the electrical energy supplied by the set of batteries (B1, B2, B3) in series.
Description
SYSTEME ELECTRIQUE D’ALIMENTATION POUR VEHICULE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE
[Domaine technique] [Technical area]
[0001] L’invention concerne le domaine des véhicules hybrides ou électriques, et plus précisément un système électrique d’alimentation pour véhicule hybride ou électrique. [0001] The invention relates to the field of hybrid or electric vehicles, and more precisely to an electrical power system for a hybrid or electric vehicle.
[Etat de la technique antérieure] [State of the prior art]
[0002] De manière connue, un véhicule électrique ou hybride comprend une machine électrique de propulsion du véhicule, ainsi qu’une batterie de stockage apte à être reliée à la machine électrique. Un onduleur est connecté entre la batterie et la machine électrique et permet de convertir la tension continue fournie par la batterie en une tension alternative, notamment triphasée, afin d’alimenter chaque phase de la machine électrique. [0002] In known manner, an electric or hybrid vehicle comprises an electric vehicle propulsion machine, as well as a storage battery capable of being connected to the electric machine. An inverter is connected between the battery and the electric machine and makes it possible to convert the direct voltage supplied by the battery into an alternating voltage, in particular three-phase, in order to power each phase of the electric machine.
[0003] Le véhicule comprend également un réseau d’alimentation électrique interne permettant d’alimenter les équipements électriques du véhicule (par exemple les essuie- glaces, les phares, les voyants lumineux du tableau de bord etc). [0003] The vehicle also includes an internal electrical supply network making it possible to power the vehicle's electrical equipment (for example the windshield wipers, headlights, dashboard indicator lights, etc.).
[0004] La tension fournie par le réseau est par exemple de 12 ou 14 V. [0004] The voltage supplied by the network is for example 12 or 14 V.
[0005] Le véhicule comprend également une batterie auxiliaire apte à alimenter le réseau et un convertisseur de tension continue-continue connecté entre la batterie auxiliaire et la batterie, afin de recharger la batterie auxiliaire. La configuration des batteries auxiliaires et des convertisseurs associés dans un véhicule dépend du type de véhicule, ce qui nécessite des efforts d’adaptation importants. [0005] The vehicle also includes an auxiliary battery capable of supplying the network and a DC-DC voltage converter connected between the auxiliary battery and the battery, in order to recharge the auxiliary battery. The configuration of auxiliary batteries and associated converters in a vehicle depends on the type of vehicle, which requires significant adaptation efforts.
[0006] De plus, chaque batterie est en réalité constituée d’un ensemble de cellules de batterie reliées entre elles de manière statique. Le niveau de charge de chaque batterie dépend de l’état de charge de chaque cellule. Cependant, les cellules peuvent ne pas avoir toutes des caractéristiques électriques et énergétiques identiques. Le dimensionnement de chaque batterie doit donc prendre en considération les phénomènes de vieillissement et des performances de chaque cellule, ce qui est contraignant. [0006] Furthermore, each battery is in reality made up of a set of battery cells linked together statically. The charge level of each battery depends on the state of charge of each cell. However, cells may not all have identical electrical and energy characteristics. The sizing of each battery must therefore take into consideration the aging phenomena and the performance of each cell, which is restrictive.
[0007] Par ailleurs, le dimensionnement des composants du convertisseur et de l’onduleur est réalisé pour que la tension fournie par le convertisseur et l’onduleur soient définies chacune sur une large gamme de tensions. Ainsi, puisque le dimensionnement de chacun de ces éléments n’est pas réalisé pour une tension de fonctionnement optimale, cela peut provoquer d’une part des pertes après chaque conversion mise en œuvre par le convertisseur ou l’onduleur et d’autre part une difficulté de contrôle avec précision de la puissance de sortie de chaque convertisseur et/ou onduleur.
[0008] Il existe donc le besoin d’une solution permettant de pallier, au moins en partie, les inconvénients décrits précédemment. [0007] Furthermore, the dimensions of the components of the converter and the inverter are carried out so that the voltage supplied by the converter and the inverter are each defined over a wide range of voltages. Thus, since the dimensioning of each of these elements is not carried out for an optimal operating voltage, this can cause on the one hand losses after each conversion implemented by the converter or the inverter and on the other hand a difficulty in precisely controlling the output power of each converter and/or inverter. [0008] There is therefore a need for a solution making it possible to overcome, at least in part, the drawbacks described above.
[Exposé de l’invention] [Disclosure of the invention]
[0009] A cette fin, l’invention concerne un système d’alimentation électrique pour véhicule électrique ou hybride, le véhicule comprenant un bus d’alimentation électrique apte à alimenter des équipements électriques montés dans le véhicule, ledit système comprenant : a) un convertisseur de tension continu-continu, b) au moins deux cellules d’alimentation comprenant chacune : i) un redresseur apte à fournir une tension alternative à partir d’une tension continue et inversement, ii) une batterie), reliée électriquement au redresseur, apte à fonctionner selon un mode de décharge, dans lequel la batterie est apte à fournir une première tension continue et apte à fonctionner selon un mode de charge dans lequel la batterie est apte à se recharger à partir d’une tension continue, iii) une cellule de commutation comprenant des interrupteurs aptes à connecter la batterie au convertisseur, c) un ensemble d’interrupteurs apte à connecter la batterie d’une cellule d’alimentation à la batterie de la cellule d’alimentation voisine, afin de relier les batteries en série, d) un deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs apte à connecter l’ensemble des batteries reliées en série au bus d’alimentation électrique, e) une unité de contrôle configurée pour commander le premier ensemble d’interrupteurs, le deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs et chaque cellule de commutation, le système d’alimentation est configuré pour fonctionner selon un mode de fonctionnement dans lequel : a) le convertisseur continu-continu est déconnecté du bus d’alimentation et de chaque cellule d’alimentation, b) une seule des cellules d’alimentation est alimentée en énergie électrique, c) le premier ensemble d’interrupteur est fermé afin de relier l’ensemble des batteries en série, d) le deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs est fermé afin d’alimenter le bus d’alimentation à partir de l’énergie électrique fournie par l’ensemble de batteries.
[0010] Ainsi, le système d’alimentation permet d’alimenter le bus d’alimentation seulement à partir de l’énergie électrique fournie par les batteries connectées en série, et non à partir du convertisseur continu-continu. Par exemple, une première batterie fonctionnant selon le mode de charge, la ou les autres batteries des autres modules d’alimentation permettent de fournir l’énergie électrique supplémentaire à celle déjà fournie par la batterie en charge, et nécessaire afin d’alimenter correctement le bus d’alimentation. Autrement dit, la ou les autres batteries fournissent une quantité d’énergie électrique dépendante de l’état de charge et de la quantité d’énergie électrique fournie par la batterie en charge, et de l’énergie électrique nécessaire au bus d’alimentation. [0009] To this end, the invention relates to an electrical power supply system for an electric or hybrid vehicle, the vehicle comprising an electrical power bus capable of powering electrical equipment mounted in the vehicle, said system comprising: a) a direct-direct voltage converter, b) at least two power cells each comprising: i) a rectifier capable of supplying an alternating voltage from a direct voltage and vice versa, ii) a battery), electrically connected to the rectifier, able to operate in a discharge mode, in which the battery is able to supply a first direct voltage and able to operate in a charging mode in which the battery is able to recharge from a direct voltage, iii) a switching cell comprising switches capable of connecting the battery to the converter, c) a set of switches capable of connecting the battery of a power cell to the battery of the neighboring power cell, in order to connect the batteries in series, d) a second set of switches capable of connecting all of the batteries connected in series to the electrical power bus, e) a control unit configured to control the first set of switches, the second set of switches and each switching cell, the power system is configured to operate in a mode of operation in which: a) the DC-DC converter is disconnected from the power bus and from each power cell, b) only one of the power cells is supplied with electrical energy, c) the first set of switches is closed in order to connect all the batteries in series, d) the second set of switches is closed in order to power the power bus from the electrical energy supplied by the set of batteries. [0010] Thus, the power system makes it possible to power the power bus only from the electrical energy supplied by the batteries connected in series, and not from the DC-DC converter. For example, a first battery operating according to the charging mode, the other battery(ies) of the other power modules make it possible to provide additional electrical energy to that already supplied by the battery in charge, and necessary in order to correctly power the power bus. In other words, the other battery(ies) provide a quantity of electrical energy dependent on the state of charge and the quantity of electrical energy supplied by the battery in charge, and the electrical energy necessary for the power bus.
[0011] De préférence encore, le système d’alimentation comprend un module de connexion apte à connecter électriquement chaque cellule d’alimentation à un réseau d’alimentation électrique apte à fournir une tension alternative ou à un équipement électrique externe au véhicule apte à être alimenté à partir d’une tension alternative : a) si la tension alternative fournie par le réseau d’alimentation, ou si la tension nécessaire pour alimenter l’équipement électrique, est monophasée, le module de connexion est apte à connecter la tension monophasée à au moins une cellule d’alimentation, b) si la tension alternative fournie par le réseau d’alimentation, ou si la tension nécessaire pour alimenter l’équipement électrique, est triphasée, le module de connexion est apte à connecter chaque phase de ladite tension à une cellule d’alimentation. [0011] More preferably, the power supply system comprises a connection module capable of electrically connecting each power cell to an electrical supply network capable of supplying an alternating voltage or to electrical equipment external to the vehicle capable of being powered from an alternating voltage: a) if the alternating voltage supplied by the supply network, or if the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is single-phase, the connection module is capable of connecting the single-phase voltage to at least one power cell, b) if the alternating voltage supplied by the power network, or if the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is three-phase, the connection module is capable of connecting each phase of said voltage to a power cell.
[0012] Ainsi, le système d’alimentation permet de charger chaque batterie à partir d’une tension alternative triphasée ou monophasée. [0012] Thus, the power system makes it possible to charge each battery from a three-phase or single-phase alternating voltage.
[0013] De préférence encore, chaque cellule d’alimentation, comprend une bobine, connectée d’une part au redresseur et d’autre part à la cellule de commutation. Chaque bobine permet de contrôler le courant en régulant la tension aux bornes de chaque batterie. [0013] More preferably, each power supply cell comprises a coil, connected on the one hand to the rectifier and on the other hand to the switching cell. Each coil controls the current by regulating the voltage across each battery.
[0014] De préférence encore, le système d’alimentation comprend trois cellules d’alimentation. Pour une tension alternative triphasée, il est pratique d’avoir une cellule d’alimentation par phase de ladite tension alternative. [0014] More preferably, the power supply system comprises three power cells. For a three-phase alternating voltage, it is practical to have one power cell per phase of said alternating voltage.
[0015] Avantageusement, le module de connexion comprend : a. une première borne de connexion reliée électriquement à la première cellule d’alimentation, b. une deuxième borne de connexion,
c. une troisième borne de connexion, d. un premier interrupteur, apte à relier la deuxième cellule d’alimentation à la première borne de connexion ou à la deuxième borne de connexion, e. un deuxième interrupteur apte à connecter la troisième cellule d’alimentation à la première borne de connexion ou à la troisième borne de connexion. [0015] Advantageously, the connection module comprises: a. a first connection terminal electrically connected to the first power cell, b. a second connection terminal, vs. a third connection terminal, d. a first switch, capable of connecting the second power cell to the first connection terminal or to the second connection terminal, e. a second switch capable of connecting the third power cell to the first connection terminal or to the third connection terminal.
[0016] Ainsi, si la tension fournie sur la première borne de connexion est monophasée et alimente la première cellule d’alimentation, ladite tension peut également alimenter la deuxième et la troisième cellule d’alimentation. Par ailleurs, si la tension fournie sur la première borne de connexion est triphasée : chaque phase est reliée à une borne de connexion, elle-même reliée à une cellule d’alimentation. Ainsi, le chargement d’une batterie est réalisé, à partir de tension monophasée ou triphasée. [0016] Thus, if the voltage supplied on the first connection terminal is single-phase and powers the first power cell, said voltage can also power the second and the third power cell. Furthermore, if the voltage supplied on the first connection terminal is three-phase: each phase is connected to a connection terminal, itself connected to a power supply cell. Thus, a battery is charged using single-phase or three-phase voltage.
[0017] De préférence encore, lorsque la phase d’une tension alternative monophasée est connectée à la première borne de connexion, le premier interrupteur et le deuxième interrupteur du module de connexion sont configurés pour : a) connecter la première borne de connexion à la deuxième cellule d’alimentation et à la troisième cellule d’alimentation, ou b) déconnecter la première borne de connexion de la deuxième cellule d’alimentation et de la troisième cellule d’alimentation. [0017] More preferably, when the phase of a single-phase alternating voltage is connected to the first connection terminal, the first switch and the second switch of the connection module are configured to: a) connect the first connection terminal to the second power cell and to the third power cell, or b) disconnecting the first connection terminal from the second power cell and the third power cell.
[0018] Ainsi, il est possible d’alimenter chaque cellule d’alimentation à partir d’une tension monophasée. La tension monophasée peut ainsi être reliée de manière alternative à chacune des cellules d’alimentation, afin d’équilibrer l’état de charge de toutes les batteries, et de ne pas toujours charger/décharger la même batterie. [0018] Thus, it is possible to power each power cell from a single-phase voltage. The single-phase voltage can thus be connected alternatively to each of the power cells, in order to balance the state of charge of all the batteries, and not always charge/discharge the same battery.
[0019] L’invention concerne également un véhicule automobile comprenant un bus d’alimentation électrique apte à alimenter des équipements électriques montés dans le véhicule et un système d’alimentation électrique tel que présenté précédemment. [0019] The invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising an electrical power bus capable of powering electrical equipment mounted in the vehicle and an electrical power system as presented previously.
[0020] L’invention concerne également un procédé de commande d’un système électrique tel que présenté précédemment, ledit procédé étant mis en œuvre par l’unité de contrôle et comprenant les étapes consistant à : a) Déconnecter le convertisseur continu-continu du bus d’alimentation et de chaque cellule d’alimentation, b) Alimenter une des cellules d’alimentation en énergie électrique,
c) Fermer chaque interrupteur du premier ensemble d’interrupteur afin de relier l’ensemble des batteries en série, d) Fermer chaque interrupteur du deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs afin d’alimenter le bus d’alimentation à partir de l’énergie électrique fournie par l’ensemble de batteries. [0020] The invention also relates to a method of controlling an electrical system as presented previously, said method being implemented by the control unit and comprising the steps consisting of: a) Disconnecting the DC-DC converter from the power bus and each power cell, b) supply one of the power cells with electrical energy, c) Close each switch of the first set of switches in order to connect all the batteries in series, d) Close each switch of the second set of switches in order to power the power bus from the electrical energy supplied by the battery pack.
[Description des dessins] [Description of the designs]
[0021] D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de l’invention apparaîtront encore à la lecture de la description qui va suivre. Celle-ci est purement illustrative et doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels : [0021] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the description which follows. This is purely illustrative and must be read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
[0022] [Fig 1] La figure 1 est un schéma représentant le système d’alimentation selon l’invention. [0022] [Fig 1] Figure 1 is a diagram representing the power supply system according to the invention.
[0023] [Fig 2] La figure 2 est un schéma électronique représentant le premier mode de fonctionnement du système d’alimentation selon la figure 1. [0023] [Fig 2] Figure 2 is an electronic diagram representing the first operating mode of the power system according to Figure 1.
[0024] [Fig 3] La figure 3 représente la variation de la tension d’alimentation fournie par chacune des cellules d’alimentation du système d’alimentation selon la figure 1. [0024] [Fig 3] Figure 3 represents the variation in the supply voltage supplied by each of the power cells of the power system according to Figure 1.
[Description des modes de réalisation] [Description of embodiments]
[0025] Véhicule [0025] Vehicle
[0026] En référence à la figure 1 , il va maintenant être décrit un véhicule selon l’invention. Le véhicule comprend notamment un bus d’alimentation électrique HV. Le bus d’alimentation HV électrique est apte à fournir de l’énergie électrique à divers équipements électriques embarqués dans le véhicule. Plus précisément encore, le bus d’alimentation comprend une borne positive HV+ et une borne négative HV-. [0026] With reference to Figure 1, a vehicle according to the invention will now be described. The vehicle notably includes an HV electrical power bus. The HV electric power bus is capable of supplying electrical energy to various electrical equipment on board the vehicle. Even more precisely, the power bus includes a positive HV+ terminal and a negative HV- terminal.
[0027] Le véhicule comprend également un système d’alimentation électrique 1 . The vehicle also includes an electrical power system 1.
[0028] Système d’alimentation [0028] Power system
[0029] En référence à la figure 1 , le système d’alimentation 1 comprend au moins deux cellules d’alimentation 10, 20, 30, un module de connexion 40, un convertisseur de tension continu-continu 50 et une unité de contrôle (non représentée sur les figures). With reference to Figure 1, the power supply system 1 comprises at least two power cells 10, 20, 30, a connection module 40, a DC-DC voltage converter 50 and a control unit ( not shown in the figures).
[0030] Le convertisseur continu-continu 50 est destiné à être relié électriquement entre la borne positive HV+ et la borne négative HV- du bus d’alimentation. The DC-DC converter 50 is intended to be electrically connected between the positive terminal HV+ and the negative terminal HV- of the power bus.
[0031] De préférence, le système d’alimentation 1 comprend une première cellule d’alimentation 10, une deuxième cellule d’alimentation 20 et une troisième cellule
d’alimentation 30. Chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 est apte à convertir une tension alternative en une tension continue. Preferably, the power system 1 comprises a first power cell 10, a second power cell 20 and a third cell power supply 30. Each power supply cell 10, 20, 30 is capable of converting an alternating voltage into a direct voltage.
[0032] Cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 [0032] Power cell 10, 20, 30
[0033] Chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30, comprend un redresseur r1 , r2, r3, une batterie B1 , B2, B3 et une cellule de commutation Cio, C2o, C3o. Each power cell 10, 20, 30 comprises a rectifier r1, r2, r3, a battery B1, B2, B3 and a switching cell Cio, C 2 o, C 3 o.
[0034] Plus précisément, le redresseur r1 , r2, r3 de chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 est dit bidirectionnel. Autrement dit, chaque redresseur r1 , r2, r3 est apte à fournir une tension alternative à partir d’une tension continue et inversement. [0034] More precisely, the rectifier r1, r2, r3 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 is said to be bidirectional. In other words, each rectifier r1, r2, r3 is capable of supplying an alternating voltage from a direct voltage and vice versa.
[0035] Chaque redresseur r1 , r2, r3 comprend deux bornes d’entrée et deux bornes de sortie. Each rectifier r1, r2, r3 includes two input terminals and two output terminals.
[0036] Plus précisément, dans le cas présent, chaque redresseur r1 , r2, r3 comprend un premier interrupteur connecté entre un point haut PH et un premier point milieu PM1 , un deuxième interrupteur connecté entre le premier point milieu PM1 et entre un point bas PB, un troisième interrupteur connecté entre le point haut PH et un deuxième point milieu PM2 et un quatrième interrupteur connecté entre le deuxième point milieu PM2 et le point bas PB. Les deux bornes d’entrée de chaque redresseur r1 , r2, r3 désignent le premier point milieu PM1 et le deuxième point milieu PM2. Les deux bornes de sortie désignent le point haut PH et le point bas PB. [0036] More precisely, in the present case, each rectifier r1, r2, r3 comprises a first switch connected between a high point PH and a first midpoint PM1, a second switch connected between the first midpoint PM1 and between a low point PB, a third switch connected between the high point PH and a second midpoint PM2 and a fourth switch connected between the second midpoint PM2 and the low point PB. The two input terminals of each rectifier r1, r2, r3 designate the first midpoint PM1 and the second midpoint PM2. The two output terminals designate the high point PH and the low point PB.
[0037] La batterie B1 , B2, B3 de chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 est apte à fonctionner selon un mode de décharge, dans lequel la batterie B1 , B2, B3 est apte à fournir une tension continue. La valeur de la tension continue fournie par chaque batterie B1 , B2, B3 est d’ailleurs contrôlable. Par ailleurs, la batterie B1 , B2, B3 de chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 est également apte à fonctionner selon un mode de charge dans laquelle la batterie B1 , B2, B3 se recharge. The battery B1, B2, B3 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 is capable of operating in a discharge mode, in which the battery B1, B2, B3 is capable of supplying a direct voltage. The value of the direct voltage supplied by each battery B1, B2, B3 can also be controlled. Furthermore, the battery B1, B2, B3 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 is also capable of operating in a charging mode in which the battery B1, B2, B3 recharges.
[0038] De plus, la batterie B1 , B2, B3 de chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 est connectée au redresseur r1 , r2, r3 correspondant. Plus précisément, chaque batterie B1 , B2, B3 est connectée entre les deux bornes de sortie du redresseur r1 , r2, r3 correspondant. [0038] In addition, the battery B1, B2, B3 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 is connected to the corresponding rectifier r1, r2, r3. More precisely, each battery B1, B2, B3 is connected between the two output terminals of the corresponding rectifier r1, r2, r3.
[0039] La cellule de commutation Cio, C2o, C3o de chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 est apte à connecter la batterie B1 , B2, B3 au convertisseur continu-continu 50. Autrement dit, la cellule de commutation Cio, C20, C30 est connectée d’une part à la batterie B1 , B2, B3 et d’autre part au convertisseur continu-continu 50. [0039] The switching cell Cio, C 2 o, C 3 o of each power supply cell 10, 20, 30 is capable of connecting the battery B1, B2, B3 to the DC-DC converter 50. In other words, the cell switching Cio, C 20 , C 30 is connected on the one hand to the battery B1, B2, B3 and on the other hand to the DC-DC converter 50.
[0040] Chaque cellule de commutation Cio, C20, C30 comprend un premier interrupteur 110, I20, I30 et un deuxième interrupteur 110’, I20’, I30’.
[0041] Le premier interrupteur 110, I20, I30 de chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 permet de connecter une première borne de la batterie B1 , B2, B3 à une borne du convertisseur continu-continu 50. Each switching cell Cio, C 20 , C 30 comprises a first switch 110, I20, I30 and a second switch 110', I20', I30'. The first switch 110, I20, I30 of each power cell 10, 20, 30 makes it possible to connect a first terminal of the battery B1, B2, B3 to a terminal of the DC-DC converter 50.
[0042] Le deuxième interrupteur 110’, I20’, I30’ de chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 permet de connecter une deuxième borne de la batterie B1 , B2, B3 à une deuxième borne du convertisseur continu-continu 50. The second switch 110', I20', I30' of each power cell 10, 20, 30 makes it possible to connect a second terminal of the battery B1, B2, B3 to a second terminal of the DC-DC converter 50.
[0043] bobines [0043] coils
[0044] De plus, chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30, comprend une bobine L1 , L2, L3, connectée à l’entrée du redresseur r1 , r2, r3, autrement dit, une bobine est connectée d’une part au redresseur r1 , r2, r3 et destinée à être reliée d’autre part à une tension alternative. [0044] In addition, each power cell 10, 20, 30 comprises a coil L1, L2, L3, connected to the input of the rectifier r1, r2, r3, in other words, a coil is connected on the one hand to the rectifier r1, r2, r3 and intended to be connected on the other hand to an alternating voltage.
[0045] Le système d’alimentation 1 comprend également un premier ensemble d’interrupteurs I3 et un deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs I4. The power supply system 1 also includes a first set of switches I3 and a second set of switches I4.
[0046] Premier ensemble d’interrupteurs I3 [0046] First set of switches I3
[0047] Le premier ensemble d’interrupteurs I3 est apte à connecter la batterie B1 , B2, B3 d’une cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30à la batterie B1 , B2, B3 de la cellule voisine d’alimentation 10, 20, 30, afin de relier les batteries B1 , B2, B3 en série. The first set of switches I3 is capable of connecting the battery B1, B2, B3 of a power supply cell 10, 20, 30 to the battery B1, B2, B3 of the neighboring power supply cell 10, 20 , 30, in order to connect the batteries B1, B2, B3 in series.
[0048] Pour cela, le premier ensemble d’interrupteurs I3 comprend : a. un interrupteur connecté d’une part à la batterie B1 de la première cellule d’alimentation Cio d’autre part à la batterie B2 de la deuxième cellule d’alimentation C2o, b. un interrupteur connecté d’une part à la batterie B2 de la deuxième cellule d’alimentation C2o, d’autre part à la batterie B3 de la troisième cellule d’alimentation C3o. [0048] For this, the first set of switches I3 comprises: a. a switch connected on the one hand to the battery B1 of the first power cell Cio on the other hand to the battery B2 of the second power cell C 2 o, b. a switch connected on the one hand to the battery B2 of the second power cell C 2 o, on the other hand to the battery B3 of the third power cell C 3 o.
[0049] Ainsi, les batteries B1 , B2, B3 peuvent être reliées en série, il est alors dit que les batteries forment une branche d’alimentation. [0049] Thus, the batteries B1, B2, B3 can be connected in series, it is then said that the batteries form a power supply branch.
[0050] Deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs I4 [0050] Second set of switches I4
[0051] Le deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs I4 permet de connecter la batterie B1 de la première cellule d’alimentation Cio au bus d’alimentation HV, notamment afin de connecter la branche de batteries B1 , B2, B3 connectées en série au bus d’alimentation HV. [0051] The second set of switches I4 makes it possible to connect the battery B1 of the first power cell Cio to the power bus HV, in particular in order to connect the branch of batteries B1, B2, B3 connected in series to the bus d HV power supply.
[0052] Module de connexion 40
[0053] Le module de connexion 40 est apte à être connecté d’une part à un réseau d’alimentation électrique ou à un équipement électrique externe au véhicule et d’autre part à au moins une des cellules d’alimentation 10, 20, 30. [0052] Connection module 40 The connection module 40 is able to be connected on the one hand to an electrical supply network or to electrical equipment external to the vehicle and on the other hand to at least one of the power cells 10, 20, 30.
[0054] Lorsque le module de connexion 40 est connecté à un réseau d’alimentation, alors le réseau d’alimentation permet de recharger au moins une batterie B1 , B2, B3 de l’au moins une cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 connectée audit module de connexion 40. [0054] When the connection module 40 is connected to a power network, then the power network makes it possible to recharge at least one battery B1, B2, B3 of the at least one power cell 10, 20, 30 connected to said connection module 40.
[0055] Lorsque le module de connexion 40 est connecté à un équipement électrique, alors au moins une batterie B1 , B2, B3 de l’au moins une cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 connectée audit module de connexion 40 permet d’alimenter en énergie ledit équipement. [0055] When the connection module 40 is connected to electrical equipment, then at least one battery B1, B2, B3 of the at least one power cell 10, 20, 30 connected to said connection module 40 makes it possible to supply energy to said equipment.
[0056] Plus précisément, si la tension alternative fournie par le réseau d’alimentation, ou si la tension nécessaire pour alimenter l’équipement électrique, est monophasée, alors le module de connexion 40 est apte à connecter la tension monophasée à au moins une cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30. Si la tension alternative fournie par le réseau d’alimentation, ou si la tension nécessaire pour alimenter l’équipement électrique, est triphasée, alors le module de connexion 40 est apte à connecter chaque phase de ladite tension alternative à un cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 qui lui est propre. [0056] More precisely, if the alternating voltage supplied by the power network, or if the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is single-phase, then the connection module 40 is able to connect the single-phase voltage to at least one power cell 10, 20, 30. If the alternating voltage supplied by the power network, or if the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is three-phase, then the connection module 40 is able to connect each phase of said alternating voltage to a power supply cell 10, 20, 30 which is specific to it.
[0057] Plus précisément encore, le module de connexion 40 comprend une première borne de connexion 41 , une deuxième borne de connexion 42 et une troisième borne de connexion 43. Even more precisely, the connection module 40 comprises a first connection terminal 41, a second connection terminal 42 and a third connection terminal 43.
[0058] Lorsque la tension alternative fournie par le réseau d’alimentation, ou lorsque la tension nécessaire pour alimenter l’équipement électrique, est triphasée, alors chaque phase de ladite tension est connectée à une borne de connexion 41 , 42, 43 qui lui est propre. A l’inverse, lorsque la tension alternative fournie par le réseau d’alimentation, ou lorsque la tension nécessaire pour alimenter l’équipement électrique, est monophasée, la phase de ladite tension est connectée à la première borne de connexion 41. [0058] When the alternating voltage supplied by the power supply network, or when the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is three-phase, then each phase of said voltage is connected to a connection terminal 41, 42, 43 which is clean. Conversely, when the alternating voltage supplied by the power supply network, or when the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is single-phase, the phase of said voltage is connected to the first connection terminal 41.
[0059] De plus, la première borne de connexion 41 est reliée à la première cellule de commutation 10, plus précisément à une borne d’entrée du redresseur r1 de la première cellule de commutation 10. [0059] In addition, the first connection terminal 41 is connected to the first switching cell 10, more precisely to an input terminal of the rectifier r1 of the first switching cell 10.
[0060] Le module de connexion 40 comprend également : a) un premier interrupteur I5, configuré pour : i) selon une première position : connecter la première borne de connexion 41 à la deuxième cellule d’alimentation 20, et plus précisément à une borne d’entrée du redresseur r2 de la deuxième cellule d’alimentation 20,
ii) selon une deuxième position : connecter la deuxième borne de connexion 42 à la deuxième cellule d’alimentation 20, et plus précisément à une borne d’entrée du redresseur r2 de la deuxième cellule d’alimentation 20, b) un deuxième interrupteur I6 configuré pour : i) selon une première position : connecter la première borne de connexion 41 à la troisième cellule d’alimentation 30, et plus précisément à une borne d’entrée du redresseur r3 de la troisième cellule d’alimentation 30, ii) selon une deuxième position : notamment lorsque la tension alternative fournie par le réseau d’alimentation, ou lorsque la tension nécessaire pour alimenter l’équipement électrique, est triphasée, connecter la troisième borne de connexion 43 à la troisième cellule d’alimentation 30, et plus précisément à une borne d’entrée du redresseur r3 de la troisième cellule d’alimentation 30. [0060] The connection module 40 also comprises: a) a first switch I5, configured to: i) according to a first position: connect the first connection terminal 41 to the second power cell 20, and more precisely to a terminal input of the rectifier r2 of the second power cell 20, ii) according to a second position: connect the second connection terminal 42 to the second power cell 20, and more precisely to an input terminal of the rectifier r2 of the second power cell 20, b) a second switch I6 configured for: i) according to a first position: connect the first connection terminal 41 to the third power cell 30, and more precisely to an input terminal of the rectifier r3 of the third power cell 30, ii) according to a second position: in particular when the alternating voltage supplied by the power supply network, or when the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is three-phase, connect the third connection terminal 43 to the third power supply cell 30, and more precisely at an input terminal of the rectifier r3 of the third power cell 30.
[0061] De plus, le module de connexion 40 est également relié à la ligne neutre de la tension alternative et le module de connexion 40 est configuré pour relier la ligne neutre à la deuxième borne d’entrée de chaque redresseur r1 , r2, r3. [0061] In addition, the connection module 40 is also connected to the neutral line of the alternating voltage and the connection module 40 is configured to connect the neutral line to the second input terminal of each rectifier r1, r2, r3 .
[0062] Par ailleurs, chaque cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 peut également comprendre un filtre CEM, pour « compatibilité électro-magnétique », connecté entre chaque redresseur r1 , r2, r3 et le module de connexion 40. [0062] Furthermore, each power cell 10, 20, 30 can also include an EMC filter, for “electromagnetic compatibility”, connected between each rectifier r1, r2, r3 and the connection module 40.
[0063] L’unité de contrôle (non représentée sur les figures) est configurée pour commander l’ouverture et la fermeture des interrupteurs I5, 16 du module de connexion 40, du premier ensemble d’interrupteurs I3, du deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs I4 et de chaque interrupteur de chaque cellule de commutation Cio, C2o, C3o et de chaque redresseur r1 , r2, r3. L’unité de contrôle est également apte à contrôler la tension fournie et générée par chaque batterie B1 , B2, B3 afin par exemple de réguler le courant dans les inductances L1 , L2, L3 ou de réguler la tension à fournir au convertisseur continu-continu 50. [0063] The control unit (not shown in the figures) is configured to control the opening and closing of the switches I5, 16 of the connection module 40, of the first set of switches I3, of the second set of switches I4 and each switch of each switching cell Cio, C 2 o, C 3 o and each rectifier r1, r2, r3. The control unit is also capable of controlling the voltage supplied and generated by each battery B1, B2, B3 in order, for example, to regulate the current in the inductors L1, L2, L3 or to regulate the voltage to be supplied to the DC-DC converter. 50.
[0064] modes de fonctionnement [0064] operating modes
[0065] En référence à la figure 2, il va maintenant être décrit un des modes de fonctionnement du système d’alimentation 1 tel que présenté précédemment. Rappelons que l’unité de contrôle est en charge de commander chacun des interrupteurs afin de mettre en œuvre le mode de fonctionnement décrit ci-après. [0065] With reference to Figure 2, one of the operating modes of the power supply system 1 as presented previously will now be described. Remember that the control unit is responsible for controlling each of the switches in order to implement the operating mode described below.
[0066] L’unité de contrôle commande également la déconnexion entre le convertisseur continu-continu 50 et le bus d’alimentation HV.
[0067] L’unité de contrôle commande également la fermeture de chaque interrupteur du premier ensemble d’interrupteur I3 afin de relier l’ensemble des batteries B1 , B2, B3 en série. De même, l’unité de contrôle commande la fermeture de chaque interrupteur du deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs I4 afin d’alimenter le bus d’alimentation à partir de l’énergie électrique fournie par l’ensemble de batteries B1 , B2, B3. The control unit also controls the disconnection between the DC-DC converter 50 and the HV power bus. [0067] The control unit also controls the closing of each switch of the first set of switches I3 in order to connect all of the batteries B1, B2, B3 in series. Likewise, the control unit controls the closing of each switch of the second set of switches I4 in order to power the power bus from the electrical energy supplied by the set of batteries B1, B2, B3.
[0068] De plus, les interrupteurs de chaque cellule de commutation Cio, C2o, C3o, sont ouverts, de sorte à déconnecter l’ensemble des cellules d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 du convertisseur continu-continu 50. [0068] In addition, the switches of each switching cell Cio, C 2 o, C 3 o, are open, so as to disconnect all of the power cells 10, 20, 30 from the DC-DC converter 50.
[0069] Enfin, l’unité de contrôle commande le module de connexion 40 de sorte qu’une seule et unique cellule d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 du système d’alimentation 1 soit connectée à une tension (monophasée ou triphasée) via le module de connexion 40. Par exemple ici, seule la première cellule d’alimentation 10 est alimentée en énergie électrique, et seule la première batterie B1 est en mode de charge ou en mode de décharge. [0069] Finally, the control unit controls the connection module 40 so that a single and unique power cell 10, 20, 30 of the power system 1 is connected to a voltage (single-phase or three-phase) via the connection module 40. For example here, only the first power cell 10 is supplied with electrical energy, and only the first battery B1 is in charging mode or in discharging mode.
[0070] Ainsi, le mode de fonctionnement décrit précédemment permet d’alimenter le bus d’alimentation seulement à partir des batteries B1 , B2, B3 connectées en série, et non plus via le convertisseur continu-continu 50. [0070] Thus, the operating mode described above makes it possible to power the power bus only from the batteries B1, B2, B3 connected in series, and no longer via the DC-DC converter 50.
[0071] Par exemple, en référence à la figure 3, la première cellule d’alimentation 10 est connectée au module de connexion 40 et fournit une tension redressée Vio, pouvant par exemple présenter une partie sinusoïdale. La deuxième cellule d’alimentation 20 et la troisième cellule d’alimentation 30 fournissent chacune une tension d’alimentation 20/30 afin d’une part de compenser la partie sinusoïdale de la tension redressée V10 fournie par la première cellule d’alimentation 10 et d’autre part d’obtenir une valeur de tension continue HV nécessaire à l’alimentation du bus d’alimentation. Autrement dit, la deuxième cellule d’alimentation 20 et la troisième cellule d’alimentation 30 permettent ici de compenser les variations de la tension fournie par la première cellule d’alimentation 10 afin que la tension fournie par l’ensemble des cellules d’alimentation 10, 20, 30 soit continue et permette d’alimenter le bus d’alimentation.
[0071] For example, with reference to Figure 3, the first power cell 10 is connected to the connection module 40 and provides a rectified voltage Vio, which may for example have a sinusoidal part. The second power cell 20 and the third power cell 30 each provide a 20/30 supply voltage in order on the one hand to compensate for the sinusoidal part of the rectified voltage V10 supplied by the first power cell 10 and on the other hand to obtain a direct voltage value HV necessary for supplying the power bus. In other words, the second power cell 20 and the third power cell 30 make it possible here to compensate for variations in the voltage supplied by the first power cell 10 so that the voltage supplied by all of the power cells 10, 20, 30 is continuous and allows the power bus to be supplied.
Claims
[Revendication 1] Système d’alimentation (1) électrique destiné à être embarqué dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride, le véhicule comprenant un bus d’alimentation (HV+, HV-) électrique apte à alimenter des équipements électriques montés dans le véhicule, ledit système (1) comprenant : a) un convertisseur de tension continu-continu (50), b) au moins deux cellules d’alimentation (10, 20, 30) comprenant chacune : i) un redresseur (r1 , r2, r3) apte à fournir une tension alternative à partir d’une tension continue et inversement, ii) une batterie (B1 , B2, B3), reliée électriquement au redresseur (r1 , r2, r3), apte à fonctionner selon un mode de décharge, dans lequel la batterie (B1 , B2, B3) est apte à fournir une première tension continue et apte à fonctionner selon un mode de charge dans lequel la batterie (B1 , B2, B3) est apte à se recharger à partir d’une tension continue, iii) une cellule de commutation (Cio, C20, C30) comprenant des interrupteurs (110, 110’, I20, I20’, I30, I30’) aptes à connecter la batterie (B1 , B2, B3) au convertisseur (50), c) un premier ensemble d’interrupteurs (I3) apte à connecter la batterie (B1 , B2, B3) d’une cellule d’alimentation (10, 20, 30) à la batterie (B1 , B2, B3) de la cellule d’alimentation voisine (10, 20, 30), afin de relier les batteries (B1 , B2, B3) en série, d) un deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs (I4) apte à connecter l’ensemble des batteries (B1 , B2, B3) reliées en série au bus d’alimentation (HV+, HV-) électrique, e) une unité de contrôle configurée pour commander le premier ensemble d’interrupteurs (I3), le deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs (I4) et chaque cellule de commutation (C10, C20, C30), f) un module de connexion (40) apte à connecter électriquement chaque cellule d’alimentation (10, 20, 30) à un réseau d’alimentation électrique apte à fournir une tension alternative ou à un équipement électrique externe au véhicule apte à être alimenté à partir d’une tension alternative, le système d’alimentation (1) est configuré pour fonctionner selon un mode de fonctionnement dans lequel : [Claim 1] Electric power supply system (1) intended to be on board an electric or hybrid vehicle, the vehicle comprising an electric power bus (HV+, HV-) capable of powering electrical equipment mounted in the vehicle, said system (1) comprising: a) a DC-DC voltage converter (50), b) at least two power cells (10, 20, 30) each comprising: i) a rectifier (r1, r2, r3) capable to supply an alternating voltage from a direct voltage and vice versa, ii) a battery (B1, B2, B3), electrically connected to the rectifier (r1, r2, r3), capable of operating in a discharge mode, in which the battery (B1, B2, B3) is capable of supplying a first direct voltage and capable of operating in a charging mode in which the battery (B1, B2, B3) is capable of recharging from a direct voltage, iii) a switching cell (Cio, C20, C30) comprising switches (110, 110', I20, I20', I30, I30') capable of connecting the battery (B1, B2, B3) to the converter (50), c) a first set of switches (I3) capable of connecting the battery (B1, B2, B3) of a power cell (10, 20, 30) to the battery (B1, B2, B3) of the cell neighboring power supply (10, 20, 30), in order to connect the batteries (B1, B2, B3) in series, d) a second set of switches (I4) capable of connecting all of the batteries (B1, B2 , B3) connected in series to the electrical power bus (HV+, HV-), e) a control unit configured to control the first set of switches (I3), the second set of switches (I4) and each cell switching (C10, C20, C30), f) a connection module (40) capable of electrically connecting each power cell (10, 20, 30) to an electrical supply network capable of supplying an alternating voltage or electrical equipment external to the vehicle capable of being powered from an alternating voltage, the power supply system (1) is configured to operate according to an operating mode in which:
- le convertisseur continu-continu (50) est déconnecté du bus d’alimentation (HV+, HV-) et de chaque cellule d’alimentation (10, 20, 30), - the DC-DC converter (50) is disconnected from the power bus (HV+, HV-) and from each power cell (10, 20, 30),
- une seule des cellules d’alimentation (10, 20, 30) est alimentée en énergie électrique,
- le premier ensemble d’interrupteur (I3) est fermé afin de relier l’ensemble des batteries (B1 , B2, B3) en série, - only one of the power cells (10, 20, 30) is supplied with electrical energy, - the first set of switches (I3) is closed in order to connect all the batteries (B1, B2, B3) in series,
- le deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs (I4) est fermé afin d’alimenter le bus d’alimentation (HV+, HV-) à partir de l’énergie électrique fournie par l’ensemble de batteries (B1 , B2, B3). - the second set of switches (I4) is closed in order to power the power bus (HV+, HV-) from the electrical energy supplied by the set of batteries (B1, B2, B3).
[Revendication 2] Système d’alimentation (1) selon la revendication précédente dans lequel le module de connexion (40) est configuré pour fonctionner de la façon suivante : a) si la tension alternative fournie par le réseau d’alimentation, ou si la tension nécessaire pour alimenter l’équipement électrique, est monophasée, le module de connexion (40) est apte à connecter la tension monophasée à au moins une cellule d’alimentation (10, 20, 30), b) si la tension alternative fournie par le réseau d’alimentation, ou si la tension nécessaire pour alimenter l’équipement électrique, est triphasée, le module de connexion (40) est apte à connecter chaque phase de ladite tension à une cellule d’alimentation (10, 20, 30). [Claim 2] Power supply system (1) according to the preceding claim in which the connection module (40) is configured to operate in the following way: a) if the alternating voltage supplied by the power network, or if the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment, is single-phase, the connection module (40) is capable of connecting the single-phase voltage to at least one power cell (10, 20, 30), b) if the alternating voltage supplied by the power supply network, or if the voltage necessary to power the electrical equipment is three-phase, the connection module (40) is capable of connecting each phase of said voltage to a power supply cell (10, 20, 30) .
[Revendication 3] Système d’alimentation (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel chaque cellule d’alimentation (10, 20, 30), comprend une bobine (L1 , L2, L3), connectée au redresseur (r1 , r2, r3) et destinée à être reliée à une tension alternative. [Claim 3] Power system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims in which each power cell (10, 20, 30) comprises a coil (L1, L2, L3), connected to the rectifier (r1 , r2, r3) and intended to be connected to an alternating voltage.
[Revendication 4] Système d’alimentation (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant trois cellules d’alimentation (10, 20, 30). [Claim 4] Power system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising three power cells (10, 20, 30).
[Revendication 5] Système d’alimentation (1) selon les revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel le module de connexion (40) comprend : a) une première borne de connexion (41) reliée électriquement à la première cellule d’alimentation (10), b) une deuxième borne de connexion (42), c) une troisième borne de connexion (43), d) un premier interrupteur (I5), apte à relier la deuxième cellule d’alimentation (20) à la première borne de connexion (41) ou à la deuxième borne de connexion (42), e) un deuxième interrupteur (I6) apte à connecter la troisième cellule d’alimentation (30) à la première borne de connexion (41) ou à la troisième borne de connexion (43). [Claim 5] Power supply system (1) according to claims 2 to 4, wherein the connection module (40) comprises: a) a first connection terminal (41) electrically connected to the first power cell (10 ), b) a second connection terminal (42), c) a third connection terminal (43), d) a first switch (I5), capable of connecting the second power cell (20) to the first terminal of connection (41) or to the second connection terminal (42), e) a second switch (I6) capable of connecting the third power cell (30) to the first connection terminal (41) or to the third terminal of connection (43).
[Revendication 6] Système d’alimentation (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel, lorsque la phase d’une tension alternative monophasée est connectée à la première
borne de connexion (41), le premier interrupteur (I5) et le deuxième interrupteur (I6) du module de connexion (40) sont configurés pour : a) connecter la première borne de connexion (41) à la deuxième cellule d’alimentation (20) et à la troisième cellule d’alimentation (30), ou b) déconnecter la première borne de connexion (41) de la deuxième cellule d’alimentation (20) et de la troisième cellule d’alimentation (30). [Claim 6] Power system (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein, when the phase of a single-phase alternating voltage is connected to the first connection terminal (41), the first switch (I5) and the second switch (I6) of the connection module (40) are configured to: a) connect the first connection terminal (41) to the second power cell ( 20) and to the third power cell (30), or b) disconnect the first connection terminal (41) from the second power cell (20) and the third power cell (30).
[Revendication 7] Véhicule automobile comprenant un bus d’alimentation (HV+, HV-) électrique apte à alimenter des équipements électriques montés dans le véhicule et un système d’alimentation (1) électrique selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes. [Claim 7] Motor vehicle comprising an electric power supply bus (HV+, HV-) capable of powering electrical equipment mounted in the vehicle and an electrical power supply system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
[Revendication 8] Procédé de commande d’un système d’alimentation (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ledit procédé étant mis en œuvre par l’unité de contrôle et comprenant les étapes consistant à : a) Déconnecter le convertisseur continu-continu (50) du bus d’alimentation (HV+, HV-) et de chaque cellule d’alimentation (10, 20, 30), b) Alimenter une des cellules d’alimentation (10, 20, 30) en énergie électrique, c) Fermer chaque interrupteur du premier ensemble d’interrupteur (I3) afin de relier l’ensemble des batteries (B1 , B2, B3) en série, d) Fermer chaque interrupteur du deuxième ensemble d’interrupteurs (I4) afin d’alimenter le bus d’alimentation (HV+, HV-) à partir de l’énergie électrique fournie par l’ensemble des batteries (B1 , B2, B3).
[Claim 8] Method for controlling a power system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, said method being implemented by the control unit and comprising the steps consisting of: a) Disconnecting the converter DC-DC (50) of the power bus (HV+, HV-) and each power cell (10, 20, 30), b) Supply one of the power cells (10, 20, 30) with energy electrical, c) Close each switch of the first set of switches (I3) in order to connect all of the batteries (B1, B2, B3) in series, d) Close each switch of the second set of switches (I4) in order to power the power bus (HV+, HV-) from the electrical energy supplied by all the batteries (B1, B2, B3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FRFR2212377 | 2022-11-28 | ||
FR2212377A FR3142401A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Electrical power system for vehicle |
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WO2024115185A1 true WO2024115185A1 (en) | 2024-06-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/EP2023/082460 WO2024115185A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2023-11-21 | Electric power supply system for a vehicle |
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WO (1) | WO2024115185A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013212682A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Energy storage device with DC power supply circuit and method for providing a DC voltage from an energy storage device |
US20180162228A1 (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-06-14 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Charging apparatus |
WO2018122094A1 (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | Universität der Bundeswehr München | Low-volt decoupling from a modular energy store converter system |
DE102020209673A1 (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-03 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Charging station for charging an electricity storage device of an electric vehicle |
-
2022
- 2022-11-28 FR FR2212377A patent/FR3142401A1/en active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-11-21 WO PCT/EP2023/082460 patent/WO2024115185A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013212682A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Energy storage device with DC power supply circuit and method for providing a DC voltage from an energy storage device |
US20180162228A1 (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-06-14 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Charging apparatus |
WO2018122094A1 (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | Universität der Bundeswehr München | Low-volt decoupling from a modular energy store converter system |
DE102020209673A1 (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-03 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Charging station for charging an electricity storage device of an electric vehicle |
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