WO2024106464A1

WO2024106464A1 - Antenna

Info

Publication number: WO2024106464A1
Application number: PCT/JP2023/041088
Authority: WO
Inventors: 博道吉川
Original assignee: 京セラ株式会社
Priority date: 2022-11-18
Filing date: 2023-11-15
Publication date: 2024-05-23

Abstract

This antenna includes a plurality of unit structures. The plurality of unit structures comprise a radiation conductor, a reference conductor, a first feed conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiation conductor, a second feed conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiation conductor, a third feed conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiation conductor, and a fourth feed conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiation conductor. The first feed conductor and the second feed conductor are configured such that signals having opposite phases to each other are inputted thereto, and the third feed conductor and the fourth feed conductor are configured such that signals having opposite phases to each other are inputted thereto.

Description

antenna

This disclosure relates to antennas.

For antennas that receive input from two ports, there are known antennas that have high isolation and prevent mutual interference between the signals of the two ports.

JP 2020-78045 A

The antenna of the present disclosure includes a plurality of unit structures, each of which includes a radiating conductor, a reference conductor, a first power supply conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiating conductor, a second power supply conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiating conductor, a third power supply conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiating conductor, and a fourth power supply conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiating conductor, and the first power supply conductor and the second power supply conductor are configured to receive signals of opposite phases to each other, and the third power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor are configured to receive signals of opposite phases to each other.

The antenna disclosed herein includes a radiation conductor, a reference conductor, and five or more input ports to which input signals are input from the outside, and the input signals input to the input ports are provided with a phase difference that allows them to be circularly polarized.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an antenna according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a unit structure according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a phase distribution of an input signal according to the second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the direction of a current vector in a unit structure corresponding to a left-handed circularly polarized wave according to the third embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the direction of a current vector in a unit structure compatible with right-handed circular polarization according to the third embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining power distribution of an input signal input to a power supply conductor according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the power value of radio waves according to a comparative example of the fourth embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the power value of radio waves according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a method of inputting signals of different phases to the power supply conductor according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a method of inputting signals of different phases to the power supply conductor according to the sixth embodiment.

Below, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to this embodiment, and in the following embodiments, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals to avoid redundant description.

[First embodiment]
(Antenna Configuration)
A configuration example of an antenna according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an antenna according to the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, antenna 1 includes unit structure 10a, unit structure 10b, unit structure 10c, and unit structure 10d.

The unit structure 10a includes a base 11, a first radiation conductor 21a, a second radiation conductor 22a, a third radiation conductor 23a, a fourth radiation conductor 24a, an internal conductor 31a, a first power supply conductor 41a, a second power supply conductor 42a, a third power supply conductor 43a, a fourth power supply conductor 44a, a first connecting conductor 51a, a second connecting conductor 52a, a third connecting conductor 53a, a fourth connecting conductor 54a, and a ground conductor 60.

The unit structure 10b includes a base 11, a first radiation conductor 21b, a second radiation conductor 22b, a third radiation conductor 23b, a fourth radiation conductor 24b, an internal conductor 31b, a first power supply conductor 41b, a second power supply conductor 42b, a third power supply conductor 43b, a fourth power supply conductor 44b, a first connecting conductor 51b, a second connecting conductor 52b, a third connecting conductor 53b, a fourth connecting conductor 54b, and a ground conductor 60.

The unit structure 10c includes a base 11, a first radiation conductor 21c, a second radiation conductor 22c, a third radiation conductor 23c, a fourth radiation conductor 24c, an internal conductor 31c, a first power supply conductor 41c, a second power supply conductor 42c, a third power supply conductor 43c, a fourth power supply conductor 44c, a first connecting conductor 51c, a second connecting conductor 52c, a third connecting conductor 53c, a fourth connecting conductor 54c, and a ground conductor 60.

The unit structure 10d includes a base 11, a first radiation conductor 21d, a second radiation conductor 22d, a third radiation conductor 23d, a fourth radiation conductor 24d, an internal conductor 31d, a first power supply conductor 41d, a second power supply conductor 42d, a third power supply conductor 43d, a fourth power supply conductor 44d, a first connecting conductor 51d, a second connecting conductor 52d, a third connecting conductor 53d, a fourth connecting conductor 54d, and a ground conductor 60.

Unit structures 10a to 10d have the same configuration. Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a unit structure according to the first embodiment.

The unit structure 10 includes a base 11, a first radiation conductor 21, a second radiation conductor 22, a third radiation conductor 23, a fourth radiation conductor 24, an internal conductor 31, a first power supply conductor 41, a second power supply conductor 42, a third power supply conductor 43, a fourth power supply conductor 44, a first connecting conductor 51, a second connecting conductor 52, a third connecting conductor 53, a fourth connecting conductor 54, and a ground conductor 60.

The base 11 may be formed of a dielectric material. The base 11 may include, for example, either a ceramic material or a resin material. The base 11 may be formed, for example, into a substantially rectangular prism, but is not limited to this.

The first radiation conductor 21 to the fourth radiation conductor 24 may each be formed of a conductive material. The first radiation conductor 21 to the fourth radiation conductor 24 each function as a resonator. The first radiation conductor 21 to the fourth radiation conductor 24 may be formed on the upper surface of the base 11. The first radiation conductor 21 to the fourth radiation conductor 24 each extend in the XY plane. The first radiation conductor 21 to the fourth radiation conductor 24 may each be formed at a distance from each other. Each of the first radiation conductor 21 to the fourth radiation conductor 24 may be formed, for example, in the same shape. Each of the first radiation conductor 21 to the fourth radiation conductor 24 may be formed, for example, in a substantially square shape, but is not limited to this. The shape of each of the first radiation conductor 21 to the fourth radiation conductor 24 may be changed arbitrarily depending on the design. In addition, in this embodiment, four radiation conductors, the first radiation conductor 21 to the fourth radiation conductor 24, are formed, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. In this disclosure, there may be one or more radiating conductors formed on the upper surface of the base 11.

The first radiation conductor 21 and the second radiation conductor 22 are aligned along a diagonal direction on the top surface of the base 11. The first radiation conductor 21 and the third radiation conductor 23 are aligned along the X direction on the top surface of the base 11. The first radiation conductor 21 and the fourth radiation conductor 24 are aligned along the Y direction on the top surface of the base 11.

The second radiation conductor 22 and the third radiation conductor 23 are aligned along the Y direction on the upper surface of the base 11. The second radiation conductor 22 and the fourth radiation conductor 24 are aligned along the X direction on the upper surface of the base 11.

The third radiation conductor 23 and the fourth radiation conductor 24 are aligned diagonally on the top surface of the base 11.

The internal conductor 31 may be formed of a conductive material. The internal conductor 31 may be formed inside the base 11. The internal conductor 31 extends in the XY plane. The internal conductor 31 may be formed, for example, in a substantially square shape, but is not limited to this. The internal conductor 31 faces the first radiating conductor 21 to the fourth radiating conductor 24. The internal conductor 31 is configured to capacitively connect each of the first radiating conductor 21 to the fourth radiating conductor 24. The strength of the capacitive coupling can be adjusted by adjusting the area of the internal conductor 31 and the distance between the internal conductor 31 and the first radiating conductor 21 to the fourth radiating conductor 24.

The ground conductor 60 may be formed of a conductive material. The ground conductor 60 may be formed to extend over the entire lower surface of the base 11. The ground conductor 60 may be electrically connected, for example, to a reference potential (e.g., ground).

The first power supply conductor 41 to the fourth power supply conductor 44 may be formed of a conductive material. The first power supply conductor 41 to the fourth power supply conductor 44 may be a through-hole conductor or a via conductor formed from the upper surface to the lower surface of the base 11.

One end of the first power supply conductor 41 is electrically connected near the corner of the first radiation conductor 21. The other end of the first power supply conductor 41 is electrically connected to an external device such as a power supply device (not shown).

One end of the second power supply conductor 42 is electrically connected near the corner of the second radiation conductor 22. The other end of the second power supply conductor 42 is electrically connected to an external device such as a power supply device (not shown).

One end of the third power supply conductor 43 is electrically connected near the corner of the third radiation conductor 23. The other end of the third power supply conductor 43 is electrically connected to an external device such as a power supply device (not shown).

One end of the fourth power supply conductor 44 is electrically connected near the corner of the fourth radiation conductor 24. The other end of the fourth power supply conductor 44 is electrically connected to an external device such as a power supply device (not shown).

As will be described in detail later, signals of different phases can be input to the first power supply conductor 41 to the fourth power supply conductor 44 from a power supply device or the like. The first power supply conductor 41 to the fourth power supply conductor 44 can function as input ports to which signals are input. In other words, the unit structure 10 has four input ports.

The first connecting conductor 51 to the fourth connecting conductor 54 may be formed of a conductive material. The first connecting conductor 51 to the fourth connecting conductor 54 may be through-hole conductors or via conductors formed from the upper surface to the lower surface of the base 11.

One end of the first connecting conductor 51 is electrically connected to the first radiation conductor 21, outside the position to which one end of the first power supply conductor 41 is connected. The other end of the first connecting conductor 51 is electrically connected to the ground conductor 60. The number of first connecting conductors 51 includes, for example, two, but is not limited to this. The number of first connecting conductors 51 may be, for example, one, or three or more.

One end of the second connecting conductor 52 is electrically connected to the second radiation conductor 22, outside the position to which one end of the second power supply conductor 42 is connected. The other end of the second connecting conductor 52 is electrically connected to the ground conductor 60. The number of second connecting conductors 52 may be, for example, two, but is not limited to this. The number of second connecting conductors 52 may be, for example, one, or three or more.

One end of the third connecting conductor 53 is electrically connected to the third radiation conductor 23, outside the position to which one end of the third power supply conductor 43 is connected. The other end of the third connecting conductor 53 is electrically connected to the ground conductor 60. The number of third connecting conductors 53 includes, for example, two, but is not limited to this. The number of third connecting conductors 53 may be, for example, one, or three or more.

One end of the fourth connecting conductor 54 is electrically connected to the fourth radiation conductor 24, outside the position to which one end of the fourth power supply conductor 44 is connected. The other end of the fourth connecting conductor 54 is electrically connected to the ground conductor 60. The number of fourth connecting conductors 54 may be, for example, two, but is not limited to this. The number of fourth connecting conductors 54 may be, for example, one, or three or more.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the antenna 1 can be constructed by arranging unit structures 10 so that rotational symmetry occurs in the XY plane. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the antenna 1 is constructed by arranging

unit structures

10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d in a square shape in the XY plane.

Specifically, unit structure 10a and unit structure 10b are aligned along the X direction. Unit structure 10a and unit structure 10d are aligned along the Y direction. Unit structure 10a and unit structure 10c are aligned along the diagonal direction.

Unit structure 10b and unit structure 10c are aligned along the Y direction. Unit structure 10b and unit structure 10d are aligned along the diagonal direction.

Unit structure 10c and unit structure 10d are aligned along the X direction.

Furthermore, in the present disclosure, it is preferable that the unit structures 10 arranged along the diagonal direction have the same shape. In other words, it is preferable that the shape of unit structure 10a and the shape of unit structure 10c are the same. It is preferable that the shape of unit structure 10b and the shape of unit structure 10d are the same.

The antenna 1 has 16 input ports, including the first power supply conductor 41a, the first power supply conductor 41b, the first power supply conductor 41c, the first power supply conductor 41d, the second power supply conductor 42a, the second power supply conductor 42b, the second power supply conductor 42c, the second power supply conductor 42d, the third power supply conductor 43a, the third power supply conductor 43b, the third power supply conductor 43c, the third power supply conductor 43d, the fourth power supply conductor 44a, the fourth power supply conductor 44b, the fourth power supply conductor 44c, and the fourth power supply conductor 44d. The antenna 1 has 16 input ports, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The antenna 1 may have, for example, five or more input ports. A signal with an appropriate phase difference can be input to each input port of the antenna 1 so that a circularly polarized signal can be output.

For example, signals with phase differences adjusted in 90° increments are input from the first power supply conductor 41a to the first power supply conductor 41d, from the second power supply conductor 42a to the second power supply conductor 42d, from the third power supply conductor 43a to the third power supply conductor 43d, and from the fourth power supply conductor 44a to the fourth power supply conductor 44d.

As described above, in the first embodiment, the antenna 1 is constructed by arranging a number of unit structures. An input signal with a phase difference set so that the antenna 1 can output circularly polarized radio waves is input to each of the power supply conductors of the multiple unit structures. This makes it possible for the first embodiment to realize a high isolation antenna compatible with circularly polarized waves.

[Second embodiment]
(Phase of input signal)
The phase of the input signal according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining the phase distribution of the input signal according to the second embodiment.

An input signal with a phase of 90° is input to the first power supply conductor 41a. An input signal with a phase of -90° is input to the second power supply conductor 42a. An input signal with a phase of 90° is input to the third power supply conductor 43a. An input signal with a phase of -90° is input to the fourth power supply conductor 44a. The phase difference between the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41a and the fourth power supply conductor 44a is 180°. The phase difference between the input signals input to the second power supply conductor 42a and the third power supply conductor 43a is 180°.

An input signal with a phase of -180° is input to the first power supply conductor 41b. An input signal with a phase of 0° is input to the second power supply conductor 42b. An input signal with a phase of 180° is input to the third power supply conductor 43b. An input signal with a phase of 0° is input to the fourth power supply conductor 44b. The phase difference between the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41b and the fourth power supply conductor 44b is 180°. The phase difference between the input signals input to the second power supply conductor 42b and the third power supply conductor 43b is 180°.

An input signal with a phase of 90° is input to the first power supply conductor 41c. An input signal with a phase of -90° is input to the second power supply conductor 42c. An input signal with a phase of 90° is input to the third power supply conductor 43c. An input signal with a phase of -90° is input to the fourth power supply conductor 44c. The phase difference between the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41c and the fourth power supply conductor 44c is 180°. The phase difference between the input signals input to the second power supply conductor 42c and the third power supply conductor 43c is 180°.

An input signal with a phase of -180° is input to the first power supply conductor 41d. An input signal with a phase of 0° is input to the second power supply conductor 42d. An input signal with a phase of 180° is input to the third power supply conductor 43d. An input signal with a phase of 0° is input to the fourth power supply conductor 44d. The phase difference between the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41d and the fourth power supply conductor 44d is 180°. The phase difference between the input signals input to the second power supply conductor 42d and the third power supply conductor 43d is 180°.

The antenna 1 can output left-handed circularly polarized radio waves by inputting an input signal to the third feed conductor 43a, the fourth feed conductor 44a, the first feed conductor 41b, the second feed conductor 42b, the third feed conductor 43c, the fourth feed conductor 44c, the first feed conductor 41d, and the second feed conductor 42d.

The antenna 1 can output right-handed circularly polarized radio waves by inputting an input signal to the first power supply conductor 41a, the second power supply conductor 42a, the third power supply conductor 43b, the fourth power supply conductor 44b, the first power supply conductor 41c, the fourth power supply conductor 44c, the third power supply conductor 43d, and the fourth power supply conductor 44d.

The phase distribution of the input signal input to each power supply conductor is set to have rotational symmetry in the XY plane. In the example shown in Figure 3, the phase distribution of the input signal input to each power supply conductor is set to have 90° rotational symmetry. These phases can be easily achieved by combining a 90° hybrid or a balun.

As described above, in the second embodiment, the phase of the input signal input to each power supply conductor is set to a different value for left-handed and right-handed circular polarization. This makes it possible for the second embodiment to realize a high-isolation antenna compatible with left-handed and right-handed circular polarization.

[Third embodiment]
(current vector)
The direction of the current vector in the unit structure according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a diagram for explaining the direction of the current vector in the unit structure corresponding to the left circularly polarized wave according to the third embodiment.

Current vector V1 is a vector that indicates the direction of the current flowing within unit structure 10a. As indicated by current vector V1, in unit structure 10a, the current flows in the direction from third power supply conductor 43a to fourth power supply conductor 44a.

Current vector V2 is a vector that indicates the direction of the current flowing within unit structure 10b. As indicated by current vector V2, in unit structure 10b, the current flows in the direction from second power supply conductor 42b to first power supply conductor 41b.

Current vector V3 is a vector that indicates the direction of the current flowing within unit structure 10c. As indicated by current vector V3, in unit structure 10c, the current flows in the direction from the third power supply conductor 43c to the fourth power supply conductor 44c.

Current vector V4 is a vector that indicates the direction of the current flowing within unit structure 10d. As indicated by current vector V4, in unit structure 10d, the current flows in the direction from second power supply conductor 42d to first power supply conductor 41d.

The direction indicated by current vector V1 is the same as the direction indicated by current vector V3. The direction indicated by current vector V2 is the same as the direction indicated by current vector V4. In other words, when antenna 1 outputs left-handed circularly polarized radio waves, the direction of the current flowing through unit structures 10 lined up along the diagonal direction is the same. In other words, the phase of the input signal input to each power supply conductor is set so that the current flowing through unit structures 10 lined up along the diagonal direction is not canceled out when antenna 1 outputs left-handed circularly polarized radio waves.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the direction of the current vector in a unit structure corresponding to right-handed circular polarization according to the third embodiment.

Current vector V11 is a vector that indicates the direction of current flowing within unit structure 10a. As indicated by current vector V11, in unit structure 10a, current flows in the direction from first power supply conductor 41a to second power supply conductor 42a.

Current vector V12 is a vector that indicates the direction of the current flowing within unit structure 10b. As indicated by current vector V12, in unit structure 10b, the current flows in the direction from the third power supply conductor 43b to the fourth power supply conductor 44b.

Current vector V13 is a vector that indicates the direction of the current flowing within unit structure 10c. As indicated by current vector V13, in unit structure 10c, the current flows in the direction from the first power supply conductor 41c to the second power supply conductor 42c.

Current vector V14 is a vector that indicates the direction of current flowing within unit structure 10d. As indicated by current vector V14, in unit structure 10d, current flows in the direction from third power supply conductor 43d to fourth power supply conductor 44d.

The direction indicated by current vector V11 is the same as the direction indicated by current vector V13. The direction indicated by current vector V12 is the same as the direction indicated by current vector V14. In other words, when antenna 1 outputs right-handed circularly polarized radio waves, the direction of the current flowing through unit structures 10 lined up along the diagonal direction is the same. In other words, the phase of the input signal input to each power supply conductor is set so that the current flowing through unit structures 10 lined up along the diagonal direction is not canceled out when antenna 1 outputs right-handed circularly polarized radio waves.

As described above, in the third embodiment, the direction of the current flowing through each unit structure is appropriately set to construct an antenna 1 that supports left-hand and right-hand circular polarization. This makes it possible for the third embodiment to more appropriately realize a high-isolation antenna that supports left-hand and right-hand circular polarization.

[Fourth embodiment]
In the fourth embodiment, the power of the input signal input to each power supply conductor is not distributed equally, but is set according to the position of the power supply conductor, so that the peak power values are set to be the same in the case of left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization.

(Power distribution)
The power distribution of an input signal input to a power supply conductor according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining the power distribution of an input signal input to a power supply conductor according to the fourth embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the unit structure 10a, the power ratio of the input signals input to the third power supply conductor 43a and the fourth power supply conductor 44a is 1, and the power ratio of the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41a and the second power supply conductor 42a is 0.43. In other words, the power of the input signals input to the third power supply conductor 43a and the fourth power supply conductor 44a is greater than the power of the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41a and the second power supply conductor 42a.

In unit structure 10b, the power ratio of the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41b and the second power supply conductor 42b is 1, and the power ratio of the input signals input to the third power supply conductor 43b and the fourth power supply conductor 44b is 0.43. In other words, the power of the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41b and the second power supply conductor 42b is greater than the power of the input signals input to the third power supply conductor 43b and the fourth power supply conductor 44b.

In unit structure 10c, the power ratio of the input signals input to the third power supply conductor 43c and the fourth power supply conductor 44c is 1, and the power ratio of the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41c and the second power supply conductor 42c is 0.43. That is, the power of the input signals input to the third power supply conductor 43c and the fourth power supply conductor 44c is greater than the power of the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41c and the second power supply conductor 42c.

In unit structure 10d, the power ratio of the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41d and the second power supply conductor 42d is 1, and the power ratio of the power input to the third power supply conductor 43d and the fourth power supply conductor 44d is 0.43. In other words, the power of the input signals input to the first power supply conductor 41d and the second power supply conductor 42d is greater than the power of the input signals input to the third power supply conductor 43c and the fourth power supply conductor 44.

In the fourth embodiment, the power ratio between the input signal input to each of the first power supply conductors 41 and second power supply conductors 42 and the input signal input to each of the third power supply conductors 43 and fourth power supply conductors 44 is 1:0.43, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The power ratio between the input signal input to each of the first power supply conductors 41 and second power supply conductors 42 and the input signal input to each of the third power supply conductors 43 and fourth power supply conductors 44 may be set arbitrarily depending on the usage environment, etc.

(Power value)
The power value of the radio wave radiated by the antenna 1 according to the fourth embodiment will be described. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the power value of the radio wave according to a comparative example of the fourth embodiment. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the power value of the radio wave according to the fourth embodiment.

In Figure 7, the horizontal axis indicates phase [deg] and the vertical axis indicates power value [dB]. Waveform W1 indicates the power value of right-handed circularly polarized radio waves output by antenna 1 when the power of the input signal input to each power feed conductor is uniform. Waveform W2 indicates the power value of left-handed circularly polarized radio waves output by antenna 1 when the power of the input signal input to each power feed conductor is uniform. As waveforms W1 and W2 show, when the power of the input signal input to each power feed conductor is uniform, the power value of radio waves with a phase of 0° output by antenna 1 can differ between left-handed and right-handed circular polarization.

In Figure 8, the horizontal axis indicates phase [deg] and the vertical axis indicates power value [dB]. Waveform W3 indicates the power value of the right-handed circularly polarized radio wave output by antenna 1 when the power distribution of the input signal input to each power feed conductor is as shown in Figure 6. Waveform W3 indicates the power value of the left-handed circularly polarized radio wave output by antenna 1 when the power distribution of the input signal input to each power feed conductor is as shown in Figure 6. As shown by waveforms W3 and W4, when the power distribution of the input signal input to each power feed conductor is set as shown in Figure 6, the power value of the radio wave with a phase of 0° output by antenna 1 can be the same in both the case of left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization.

As described above, the fourth embodiment adjusts the power ratio of the input signals input to each power supply conductor of each unit structure to a predetermined value. This allows the fourth embodiment to make the peak power value of the output radio waves approximately the same in the case of left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization.

[Fifth embodiment]
A method for inputting signals of different phases to the power supply conductor according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 9. Fig. 9 is a diagram for explaining a method for inputting signals of different phases to the power supply conductor according to the fifth embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 9, in the fifth embodiment, a first distributor 71, a first distributor 72, a second distributor 81, a second distributor 82, a second distributor 83, a second distributor 84, a third distributor 91, a third distributor 92, a third distributor 93, a third distributor 94, a third distributor 95, a third distributor 96, a third distributor 97, and a third distributor 98 are arranged around the antenna 1. In the fifth embodiment, an input signal is input to each power supply conductor of the antenna 1 via each distributor.

First distributor 71 and first distributor 72 are 90° hybrids (90° phase difference distributors). When first distributor 71 and first distributor 72 receive a signal, they are configured to output two signals whose phases differ by 90° from each other. In the fifth embodiment, two 90° hybrids are arranged around antenna 1.

Second distributor 81 to second distributor 84 are 0° phase difference distributors. That is, second distributor 81 to second distributor 84 are configured to output two signals of the same phase when they receive a signal. In the fifth embodiment, four 0° phase difference distributors are arranged around antenna 1.

Third distributor 91 to third distributor 98 are baluns (180° phase difference distributors). That is, third distributor 91 to third distributor 98 are configured to output two signals with a phase difference of 180° when they receive a signal. In the fifth embodiment, eight baluns are arranged around antenna 1.

The first distributor 71 is electromagnetically connected to wiring 101, through which an input signal from an external device is input. The first distributor 71 and the second distributor 81 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 102. The first distributor 71 and the second distributor 82 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 103. When an input signal with a phase of 0° is input from the wiring 101, the first distributor 71 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the second distributor 81, and to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the second distributor 82.

The second distributor 81 and the third distributor 91 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 104. The second distributor 81 and the third distributor 93 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 105. The second distributor 81 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the third distributor 91 and the third distributor 93.

The second distributor 82 and the third distributor 92 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 106. The second distributor 82 and the third distributor 94 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 107. The second distributor 82 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the third distributor 92 and the third distributor 94.

The third distributor 91 and the first power supply conductor 41a are electromagnetically connected by wiring 108. The third distributor 91 and the second power supply conductor 42a are electromagnetically connected by wiring 109. The third distributor 91 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the first power supply conductor 41a, and to output a signal with a phase of -90° to the second power supply conductor 42a.

The third distributor 92 and the third power supply conductor 43b are electromagnetically connected by wiring 110. The third distributor 92 and the fourth power supply conductor 44b are electromagnetically connected by wiring 111. The third distributor 92 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 180° to the third power supply conductor 43b and to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the fourth power supply conductor 44b.

The third distributor 93 and the first power supply conductor 41c are electromagnetically connected by wiring 112. The third distributor 93 and the second power supply conductor 42c are electromagnetically connected by wiring 113. The third distributor 93 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the first power supply conductor 41c, and to output a signal with a phase of -90° to the second power supply conductor 42c.

The third distributor 94 and the third power supply conductor 43d are electromagnetically connected by wiring 114. The third distributor 94 and the fourth power supply conductor 44d are electromagnetically connected by wiring 115. The third distributor 94 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 180° to the third power supply conductor 43d and a signal with a phase of 0° to the fourth power supply conductor 44d.

The first distributor 72 is electromagnetically connected to wiring 201, through which an input signal from an external device is input. The first distributor 71 and the second distributor 83 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 202. The first distributor 72 and the second distributor 84 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 203. When an input signal with a phase of 0° is input from wiring 101, the first distributor 71 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the second distributor 83 and output a signal with a phase of 0° to the second distributor 84.

The second distributor 83 and the third distributor 95 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 204. The second distributor 83 and the third distributor 97 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 205. The second distributor 81 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the third distributor 95 and the third distributor 97.

The second distributor 84 and the third distributor 96 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 206. The second distributor 84 and the third distributor 98 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 207. The second distributor 84 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the third distributor 96 and the third distributor 98.

The third distributor 95 and the third power supply conductor 43a are electromagnetically connected by wiring 208. The third distributor 95 and the fourth power supply conductor 44a are electromagnetically connected by wiring 209. The third distributor 95 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the third power supply conductor 43a, and to output a signal with a phase of -90° to the fourth power supply conductor 44a.

The third distributor 96 and the first power supply conductor 41b are electromagnetically connected by wiring 210. The third distributor 96 and the second power supply conductor 42b are electromagnetically connected by wiring 211. The third distributor 92 is configured to output a signal with a phase of -180° to the first power supply conductor 41b, and to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the second power supply conductor 42b.

The third distributor 97 and the third power supply conductor 43c are electromagnetically connected by wiring 212. The third distributor 97 and the fourth power supply conductor 44c are electromagnetically connected by wiring 213. The third distributor 93 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the third power supply conductor 43c, and to output a signal with a phase of -90° to the fourth power supply conductor 44c.

The third distributor 98 and the first power supply conductor 41d are electromagnetically connected by wiring 214. The third distributor 98 and the second power supply conductor 42d are electromagnetically connected by wiring 215. The third distributor 94 is configured to output a signal with a phase of -180° to the first power supply conductor 41d and a signal with a phase of 0° to the fourth power supply conductor 44d.

In other words, by arranging each distributor as shown in FIG. 9, the phase distribution shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 can be realized. Specifically, by inputting a signal to the first distributor 71, right-handed circular polarization can be realized as shown in FIG. 5. Also, by inputting a signal to the first distributor 72, left-handed circular polarization can be realized as shown in FIG. 4.

It is preferable that wiring 102 and wiring 103 are the same length. By making wiring 102 and wiring 103 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 104 and wiring 105 are the same length. By making wiring 104 and wiring 105 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 106 and wiring 107 are the same length. By making wiring 106 and wiring 107 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 108 and wiring 109 are the same length. By making wiring 108 and wiring 109 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 110 and wiring 111 are the same length. By making wiring 110 and wiring 111 the same length, it is possible to prevent a phase shift when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 112 and wiring 113 are the same length. By making wiring 112 and wiring 113 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 114 and wiring 115 are the same length. By making wiring 114 and wiring 115 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 202 and wiring 203 are the same length. By making wiring 202 and wiring 203 the same length, it is possible to prevent a phase shift when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 204 and wiring 205 are the same length. By making wiring 204 and wiring 205 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 206 and wiring 207 are the same length. By making wiring 206 and wiring 207 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 208 and wiring 209 are the same length. By making wiring 208 and wiring 209 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 210 and wiring 211 are the same length. By making wiring 210 and wiring 211 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 212 and wiring 213 are the same length. By making wiring 212 and wiring 213 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 214 and wiring 215 are the same length. By making wiring 214 and wiring 215 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

As described above, the fifth embodiment can appropriately emit left- or right-handed circularly polarized radio waves by inputting a signal to the antenna 1 using three types of distributors.

Sixth Embodiment
A method for inputting signals of different phases to the power supply conductor according to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 10. Fig. 10 is a diagram for explaining a method for inputting signals of different phases to the power supply conductor according to the sixth embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 10, in the sixth embodiment, a first distributor 71, a first distributor 72, a second distributor 81, a second distributor 82, a second distributor 83, a second distributor 84, a second distributor 85, a second distributor 86, a second distributor 87, a second distributor 88, a third distributor 91, a third distributor 92, a third distributor 93, and a third distributor 94 are arranged around the antenna 1. In the sixth embodiment, an input signal is input to each power supply conductor of the antenna 1 via each distributor.

In the sixth embodiment, two 90° hybrids are arranged around the antenna 1. In the sixth embodiment, eight 0° phase difference splitters are arranged around the antenna 1. Four baluns are arranged around the antenna 1.

The first distributor 71 is electromagnetically connected to wiring 301, through which an input signal from an external device is input. The first distributor 71 and the third distributor 91 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 302. The first distributor 71 and the third distributor 92 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 303. When an input signal with a phase of 0° is input from the wiring 301, the first distributor 71 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the third distributor 91, and to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the third distributor 92.

The third distributor 91 and the second distributor 81 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 304. The third distributor 91 and the second distributor 82 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 305. The third distributor 91 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the second distributor 81, and to output a signal with a phase of -90° to the second distributor 82.

The third distributor 92 and the second distributor 83 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 306. The third distributor 92 and the second distributor 84 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 307. The third distributor 92 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 180° to the second distributor 83, and to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the second distributor 84.

The second distributor 81 and the first power supply conductor 41a are electromagnetically connected by wiring 308. The second distributor 81 and the first power supply conductor 41c are electromagnetically connected by wiring 309. The second distributor 81 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the first power supply conductor 41a and the first power supply conductor 41c.

The second distributor 82 and the second power supply conductor 42a are electromagnetically connected by wiring 310. The second distributor 82 and the second power supply conductor 42c are electromagnetically connected by wiring 311. The second distributor 82 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 180° to the second power supply conductor 42a and the second power supply conductor 42c.

The second distributor 83 and the third power supply conductor 43b are electromagnetically connected by wiring 312. The second distributor 83 and the third power supply conductor 43d are electromagnetically connected by wiring 313. The second distributor 83 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 180° to the third power supply conductor 43b and the third power supply conductor 43d.

The second distributor 84 and the fourth power supply conductor 44b are electromagnetically connected by wiring 314. The second distributor 84 and the fourth power supply conductor 44d are electromagnetically connected by wiring 315. The second distributor 84 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the fourth power supply conductor 44b and the fourth power supply conductor 44d.

The first distributor 72 is electromagnetically connected to wiring 401, through which an input signal from an external device is input. The first distributor 72 and the third distributor 93 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 402. The first distributor 72 and the third distributor 94 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 403. When an input signal with a phase of 0° is input from wiring 401, the first distributor 71 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the third distributor 93 and output a signal with a phase of 0° to the third distributor 94.

The third distributor 93 and the second distributor 85 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 404. The third distributor 93 and the second distributor 86 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 405. The third distributor 93 is configured to output a signal with a phase of -90° to the second distributor 85, and to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the second distributor 82.

The third distributor 94 and the second distributor 87 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 406. The third distributor 94 and the second distributor 88 are electromagnetically connected by wiring 407. The third distributor 94 is configured to output a signal with a phase of -180° to the second distributor 87, and to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the second distributor 88.

The second distributor 85 and the fourth power supply conductor 44a are electromagnetically connected by wiring 408. The second distributor 85 and the fourth power supply conductor 44c are electromagnetically connected by wiring 409. The second distributor 85 is configured to output a signal with a phase of -90° to the fourth power supply conductor 44a and the fourth power supply conductor 44c.

The second distributor 86 and the third power supply conductor 43a are electromagnetically connected by wiring 410. The second distributor 86 and the third power supply conductor 43c are electromagnetically connected by wiring 411. The second distributor 82 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 90° to the third power supply conductor 43a and the third power supply conductor 43c.

The second distributor 87 and the first power supply conductor 41b are electromagnetically connected by wiring 412. The second distributor 87 and the first power supply conductor 41d are electromagnetically connected by wiring 413. The second distributor 87 is configured to output a signal with a phase of -180° to the first power supply conductor 41b and the first power supply conductor 41d.

The second distributor 88 and the second power supply conductor 42b are electromagnetically connected by wiring 414. The second distributor 88 and the second power supply conductor 42d are electromagnetically connected by wiring 415. The second distributor 88 is configured to output a signal with a phase of 0° to the second power supply conductor 42b and the second power supply conductor 42d.

In other words, by arranging each distributor as shown in FIG. 10, the phase distribution shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 can be realized. Specifically, by inputting a signal to the first distributor 71, right-hand circular polarization can be realized as shown in FIG. 5. Also, by inputting a signal to the first distributor 72, left-hand circular polarization can be realized as shown in FIG. 4.

It is preferable that wiring 302 and wiring 303 are the same length. By making wiring 302 and wiring 303 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 304 and wiring 305 are the same length. By making wiring 304 and wiring 305 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 306 and wiring 307 are the same length. By making wiring 306 and wiring 307 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 308 and wiring 309 are the same length. By making wiring 308 and wiring 309 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 310 and wiring 311 are the same length. By making wiring 310 and wiring 311 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 312 and wiring 313 are the same length. By making wiring 312 and wiring 313 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 314 and wiring 315 are the same length. By making wiring 314 and wiring 315 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 402 and wiring 403 are the same length. By making wiring 402 and wiring 403 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 404 and wiring 405 are the same length. By making wiring 404 and wiring 405 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 406 and wiring 407 are the same length. By making wiring 406 and wiring 407 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 408 and wiring 409 are the same length. By making wiring 408 and wiring 409 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 410 and wiring 411 are the same length. By making wiring 410 and wiring 411 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 412 and wiring 413 are the same length. By making wiring 412 and wiring 413 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

It is preferable that wiring 414 and wiring 415 are the same length. By making wiring 414 and wiring 315 the same length, it is possible to prevent phase shifts when signals flow through each wiring.

As described above, in the sixth embodiment, by inputting a signal to the antenna 1 using three types of distributors, it is possible to appropriately emit left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized radio waves.

Note that, although the fifth and sixth embodiments have been described as each distributor being arranged around the antenna 1, the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, each distributor may be arranged inside the antenna 1.

In the fifth and sixth embodiments, the number of 90° phase difference splitters is preferably two or less. By limiting the number of 90° phase difference splitters to two or less, the device can be made more compact.

Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, the present disclosure is not limited to the contents of these embodiments. Furthermore, the components described above include those that a person skilled in the art can easily imagine, those that are substantially the same, and those that are within the so-called equivalent range. Furthermore, the components described above can be combined as appropriate. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, or modifications of the components can be made without departing from the spirit of the embodiments described above.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Antenna 10 Unit structure 11 Base 21 First radiation conductor 22 Second radiation conductor 23 Third radiation conductor 24 Fourth radiation conductor 31 Internal conductor 41 First power feed conductor 42 Second power feed conductor 43 Third power feed conductor 44 Fourth power feed conductor 51 First connecting conductor 52 Second connecting conductor 53 Third connecting conductor 54 Fourth connecting conductor 60

Ground conductor

71, 72

First divider

81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88

Second divider

91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 Third divider

Claims

Contains a plurality of unit structures,
The plurality of unit structures are
A radiating conductor;
A reference conductor;
a first feed conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiation conductor;
a second feed conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiation conductor;
a third feed conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiation conductor;
a fourth feed conductor configured to be electromagnetically connected by the radiation conductor;
Equipped with
The first power supply conductor and the second power supply conductor are configured to receive signals of opposite phases,
The third power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor are configured to receive signals having opposite phases.
antenna.
the radiation conductor includes a first radiation conductor, a second radiation conductor, a third radiation conductor, and a fourth radiation conductor;
the first feeding conductor is configured to be electrically connected by the first radiating conductor;
the second feeding conductor is configured to be electrically connected by the second radiating conductor;
the third feeding conductor is configured to be electrically connected by the third radiation conductor;
the fourth feeding conductor is configured to be electrically connected by the fourth radiation conductor;
2. The antenna of claim 1.
The plurality of unit structures are arranged to be rotationally symmetric on a first plane.
3. The antenna of claim 2.
Contains four of the unit structures,
the phases of signals input to the first power supply conductor, the second power supply conductor, the third power supply conductor, and the fourth power supply conductor included in each of the four unit structures are adjusted in 90° increments;
4. The antenna of claim 3.
a distribution of phase differences of signals input to the first power supply conductor, the second power supply conductor, the third power supply conductor, and the fourth power supply conductor included in each of the four unit structures has rotational symmetry;
5. The antenna of claim 4.
when the four unit structures are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical square, the unit structures arranged diagonally have the same shape, and the phases of signals input to the first power supply conductor, the second power supply conductor, the third power supply conductor, and the fourth power supply conductor are adjusted so that the directions of current vectors are the same.
5. The antenna of claim 4.
In the unit structure, power of a signal input to the first power supply conductor, the second power supply conductor, the third power supply conductor, and the fourth power supply conductor located on a diagonal vector perpendicular to a direction of the current vector is greater than power of a signal input to the first power supply conductor, the second power supply conductor, the third power supply conductor, and the fourth power supply conductor located on the current vector.
7. The antenna of claim 6.
A first distributor configured to receive a signal and output two signals of the same phase;
a second distributor configured to receive a signal and output two signals having a phase difference of 90°;
a third distributor configured to receive a signal and output two signals having a phase difference of 180°;
A signal is input to the first power supply conductor, the second power supply conductor, the third power supply conductor, and the fourth power supply conductor via the first divider, the second divider, and the third divider.
2. The antenna of claim 1.
The number of the second distributors is two or less.
9. The antenna of claim 8.
the plurality of unit structures include a first unit structure, a second unit structure, a third unit structure, and a fourth unit structure,
via the first distributor, the second distributor, and the third distributor,
a signal having a phase of 180° is input to the third power supply conductor of the second unit structure and the third power supply conductor of the fourth unit structure;
a signal having a phase of 90° is input to the first power supply conductor and the third power supply conductor of the first unit structure and the first power supply conductor and the third power supply conductor of the third unit structure;
a signal having a phase of 0° is input to the second power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor of the second unit structure and the second power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor of the fourth unit structure;
a signal having a phase of −90° is input to the second power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor of the first unit structure and the second power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor of the third unit structure;
A signal having a phase of −180° is input to the first power supply conductor of the second unit structure and the fourth power supply conductor of the fourth unit structure.
9. The antenna of claim 8.
the plurality of unit structures include a first unit structure, a second unit structure, a third unit structure, and a fourth unit structure,
The first power supply conductor and the second power supply conductor of the first unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same third distributor;
The third power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor of the first unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same third distributor;
The first power supply conductor and the second power supply conductor of the second unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same third distributor;
The third power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor of the second unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same third distributor;
The first power supply conductor and the second power supply conductor of the third unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same third distributor;
The third power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor of the third unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same third distributor;
The first power supply conductor and the second power supply conductor of the fourth unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same third distributor;
The third power supply conductor and the fourth power supply conductor of the fourth unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same third distributor.
9. The antenna of claim 8.
the plurality of unit structures include a first unit structure, a second unit structure, a third unit structure, and a fourth unit structure,
a first power supply conductor of the first unit structure and a first power supply conductor of the third unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same second distributor;
The second power supply conductor of the first unit structure and the second power supply conductor of the third unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same second distributor;
a third power supply conductor of the second unit structure and the third power supply conductor of the fourth unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same second distributor;
a fourth power supply conductor of the second unit structure and the fourth power supply conductor of the fourth unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same second distributor;
a fourth power supply conductor of the first unit structure and the fourth power supply conductor of the third unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same second distributor;
a third power supply conductor of the first unit structure and the third power supply conductor of the third unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same second distributor;
a first power supply conductor of the second unit structure and a first power supply conductor of the fourth unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same second distributor;
The second power supply conductor of the second unit structure and the second power supply conductor of the fourth unit structure are electromagnetically connected to the same second distributor.
9. The antenna of claim 8.
A radiating conductor;
A reference conductor;
Five or more input ports to which input signals are input from the outside;
Including,
The input signal input to the input port is provided with a phase difference that allows circular polarization.
antenna.