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WO2024178834A1 - Self-cooling flameless condensed aerosol fire-extinguishing agent and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Self-cooling flameless condensed aerosol fire-extinguishing agent and preparation method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024178834A1
WO2024178834A1 PCT/CN2023/092039 CN2023092039W WO2024178834A1 WO 2024178834 A1 WO2024178834 A1 WO 2024178834A1 CN 2023092039 W CN2023092039 W CN 2023092039W WO 2024178834 A1 WO2024178834 A1 WO 2024178834A1
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Prior art keywords
extinguishing agent
fire extinguishing
cooling
gas
potassium
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PCT/CN2023/092039
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘心宇
卢发贵
黄瑞
邹蓓蓓
郑莉莉
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湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024178834A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024178834A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting and extinguishing, and in particular to a self-cooling flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
  • Aerosol fire extinguishing agents have been widely studied due to their high fire extinguishing efficiency, non-toxicity, no damage to the ozone layer, and normal pressure storage. Aerosol fire extinguishing agents are mainly composed of oxidants, reductants and binders, and produce a large amount of fire extinguishing medium through combustion reactions to extinguish fires. Depending on the temperature of the aerosol, aerosol fire extinguishing agents are divided into hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents and cold aerosol fire extinguishing agents. Unlike cold aerosol fire extinguishing agents, hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents need to be produced through combustion reactions. It is a common phenomenon that high-temperature flames are accompanied by combustion reactions, but in more demanding usage scenarios, this will place higher requirements on fire extinguishers or fire extinguishing devices.
  • adding a chemical coolant layer to a fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing device is a common method. This method avoids the adverse effects of the mixed charge of hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and coolant on the fire extinguishing performance, but it also increases the production process steps and increases the amount of coolant used, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost of the fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing device.
  • the method of adding a chemical coolant layer to a fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing device has the phenomenon of large-scale accumulation of coolant, incomplete reaction of the coolant, resulting in low coolant utilization, and the cooling and flame extinguishing effect is not ideal.
  • the flame generated by the combustion of the agent may still emerge, which also buries hidden dangers for the safe use of fire extinguishers or fire extinguishing devices.
  • the present invention provides a self-cooling flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
  • a cooling component and a heat-conducting additive are directly added to a gas-generating component, so that the aerosol fire extinguishing agent can self-cool during a combustion reaction to achieve a flameless effect.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is a self-cooling flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent, which is composed of 90-98% of gas-generating components, 1-5% of cooling components and 1-5% of thermal conductive additives by mass percentage; the gas-generating components include oxidants, reductants and adhesives; the cooling components are potassium salts and nitrogen-containing organic matter; and the thermal conductive additive is a thermal conductive metal.
  • gas-generating components include 60-80% oxidant, 10-25% reductant and 10-15% adhesive.
  • the oxidant is one or a combination of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, magnesium nitrate or barium nitrate.
  • the reducing agent is one or more of carbon, guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine or salicylic acid.
  • the adhesive is one or a combination of water glass, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, shellac, starch, sorbitol, glucose, dextrin or rubber.
  • the potassium salt in the cooling component is one or a combination of potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium citrate or potassium sorbate;
  • the nitrogen-containing organic matter is one or a combination of nitrosamines, melamine, urea, o-phenylenediamine, acetamide or caprolactam.
  • the thermal conductive additive is copper powder.
  • the mass ratio of potassium salt to nitrogen-containing organic matter in the cooling component is 50-60:40-50.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent, comprising the following steps:
  • the amount of ethanol added is 4-5% of the total mass of the gas-generating component, the cooling component and the thermal conductive additive.
  • the present invention further adds a cooling component to the hot aerosol, and the cooling component contains a large amount of potassium ions and nitrogen-containing organic matter.
  • the nitrogen-containing organic matter undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction to form non-combustible gases such as N2 to produce a protective layer on the surface of the agent, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible gas and oxygen on the surface of the agent, and the potassium ions combine with free radicals such as H, ⁇ HO ⁇ and O ⁇ to inhibit the combustion chain reaction of combustible gas on the surface of the agent.
  • the amount of coolant added is controlled at 0.5% to 1%, it can also have a certain cooling effect, but the overall safety of the medicine is difficult to guarantee. There will be certain safety hazards in the manufacture and use of the medicine. If the amount of coolant is increased, the medicine will be difficult to ignite and require a large amount of starting energy.
  • the present invention adds a certain amount of thermal conductive additive during the manufacture of the medicine. The temperature generated by the collision during the manufacture of the medicine can be quickly guided out by the thermal conductive additive.
  • the thermal conductive additive can ensure that the heat of the ignition column will be quickly absorbed and locally diffused, ensuring that the medicine can continue to burn without interruption, solving the problem that the medicine is difficult to ignite or the combustion is interrupted due to the addition of cooling components, achieving the effect of starting the medicine column, and allowing the medicine to be ignited while improving the safety of the medicine.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph of the flame condition when the fire extinguishing agent is used in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a photograph of the flame condition when the fire extinguishing agent is used in Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG3 is a photograph of the flame and temperature test of the device nozzle when the fire extinguishing agent is used in Example 1.
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 4% cooling components (60% potassium chloride, 40% melamine) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
  • the raw materials are crushed and passed through a 100-mesh standard sieve, and then the gas-generating component and the cooling component are respectively prepared in proportion, and then the thermal conductive additive is added and mixed in the corresponding proportion.
  • the thermal conductive additive is added and mixed in the corresponding proportion.
  • 4% ethanol of the total mass of the gas-generating component, the cooling component and the thermal conductive additive is added and stirred evenly, and then the mixture is passed through a 20-mesh standard sieve for granulation, and then dried at 50°C to remove the ethanol to obtain the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-1.
  • the fire extinguishing agent is pressed into a powder column, and the powder column is assembled into a small fire extinguishing device, and the bare powder column and the device are sprayed and tested respectively, and the flame conditions of the two during the spraying process are observed, and the temperature at 1 cm from the nozzle of the device is tested at the same time.
  • the maximum temperature of the nozzle of the device is 279.3°C (see Figure 3).
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 91% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 6% cooling components (60% potassium chloride, 40% melamine) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
  • the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-2 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and subjected to the same test. After the test, the bare charge of A1-2 could not be ignited.
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 95% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 2% cooling components (60% potassium chloride, 40% melamine) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (73% potassium nitrate, 12% carbon powder, 15% phenolic resin), 4% cooling components (60% potassium bicarbonate, 40% urea) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-producing components (75% magnesium nitrate, 10% salicylic acid, 15% starch), 4% cooling components (60% potassium sulfate, 40% o-phenylenediamine) and 3% thermal conductive additive (copper powder).
  • the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-5 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed.
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 4% cooling components (50% potassium chloride, 50% melamine) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
  • Embodiment 7 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 7:
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (70% barium nitrate, 15% nitroguanidine, 15% water glass), 4% cooling components (50% potassium citrate, 50% o-phenylenediamine) and 3% thermal conductive additive (copper powder).
  • Embodiment 8 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 8
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 95% gas-generating components (80% strontium nitrate, 10% salicylic acid, 10% epoxy resin), 3% cooling components (50% potassium chloride, 50% acetamide) and 2% thermal conductive additive (copper powder).
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition Calculated by mass percentage, it contains 100% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin).
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 96% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin) and 4% cooling components (50% potassium chloride, 50% melamine).
  • the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A0-2 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. After the test, the bare charge of A0-2 could not be ignited.
  • Fire extinguishing agent composition by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 4% cooling components (50% potassium chloride, 50% melamine) and 3% zinc powder.
  • the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A0-3 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. According to the test, the flame height of the bare A0-3 charge during the combustion process was 22.6 cm, and the maximum temperature of the device nozzle was 435.1°C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a self-cooling flameless condensed aerosol fire-extinguishing agent and a preparation method therefor. The fire-extinguishing agent comprises, in percentages by mass: 90-98% of a gas-producing component, 1-5% of a cooling component and 1-5% of a heat-conducting additive, wherein the gas-producing component comprises an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent and an adhesive; the cooling component comprises a potassium salt and nitrogen-containing organic matter; and the heat-conducting additive is a heat-conducting metal. Combustion of the condensed aerosol fire-extinguishing agent may produce combustible gases and form surface flames. As such, in the present invention, the addition of the cooling component can effectively reduce the concentration of the combustible gases and oxygen on the surface of the agent, and inhibit a combustion chain reaction of the combustible gases on the surface of the agent, such that the aerosol fire-extinguishing agent can undergo self-cooling to achieve a flameless effect; and the addition of the heat-conducting additive can avoid the problem of the agent being difficult to ignite or being subjected to flameout due to the addition of the cooling component.

Description

自冷却无焰热气溶胶灭火剂及制备方法Self-cooling flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof 技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及消防灭火技术领域，具体涉及一种自冷却无焰热气溶胶灭火剂及制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting and extinguishing, and in particular to a self-cooling flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background Art
气溶胶灭火剂因灭火效率高、无毒、对臭氧层无破坏作用和常压储存等特点而受到了广泛研究。气溶胶灭火剂主要由氧化剂、还原剂和粘合剂组成，通过燃烧反应产生大量的灭火介质来扑灭火灾。根据产生气溶胶温度的不同，气溶胶灭火剂被分为热气溶胶灭火剂和冷气溶胶灭火剂。与冷气溶胶灭火剂不同，热气溶胶灭火剂需要经过燃烧反应产生。而在燃烧反应发生的过程中伴有高温火焰是一种常见的现象，但在更苛刻的使用场景下，这将会对灭火器或灭火装置提出更高的要求。Aerosol fire extinguishing agents have been widely studied due to their high fire extinguishing efficiency, non-toxicity, no damage to the ozone layer, and normal pressure storage. Aerosol fire extinguishing agents are mainly composed of oxidants, reductants and binders, and produce a large amount of fire extinguishing medium through combustion reactions to extinguish fires. Depending on the temperature of the aerosol, aerosol fire extinguishing agents are divided into hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents and cold aerosol fire extinguishing agents. Unlike cold aerosol fire extinguishing agents, hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents need to be produced through combustion reactions. It is a common phenomenon that high-temperature flames are accompanied by combustion reactions, but in more demanding usage scenarios, this will place higher requirements on fire extinguishers or fire extinguishing devices.
为了消除燃烧反应产生的高温火焰，适应各种场景需求，在灭火器或灭火装置中添加化学冷却剂层是一种常用的方法。这种方法避免了热气溶胶灭火剂与冷却剂混合装药对灭火性能的不利影响，但也增加了生产工艺步骤，增多了冷却剂的使用量，从而提高了灭火器或灭火装置的制造成本。更重要的是，发明人发现在灭火器或灭火装置中添加化学冷却剂层的方法存在冷却剂大量聚集的现象，冷却剂反应不完全，导致冷却剂利用率较低，降温消焰效果不够理想，药剂燃烧产生的火焰仍可能冒出，这也为灭火器或灭火装置的安全使用埋下了隐患。In order to eliminate the high-temperature flames produced by the combustion reaction and adapt to the needs of various scenarios, adding a chemical coolant layer to a fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing device is a common method. This method avoids the adverse effects of the mixed charge of hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and coolant on the fire extinguishing performance, but it also increases the production process steps and increases the amount of coolant used, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost of the fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing device. More importantly, the inventors found that the method of adding a chemical coolant layer to a fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing device has the phenomenon of large-scale accumulation of coolant, incomplete reaction of the coolant, resulting in low coolant utilization, and the cooling and flame extinguishing effect is not ideal. The flame generated by the combustion of the agent may still emerge, which also buries hidden dangers for the safe use of fire extinguishers or fire extinguishing devices.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提供了一种自冷却无焰热气溶胶灭火剂及制备方法，在产气成分中直接加入冷却成分和导热添加剂，使得燃烧反应过程中气溶胶灭火剂能够发生自冷却达到无焰效果。The present invention provides a self-cooling flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. A cooling component and a heat-conducting additive are directly added to a gas-generating component, so that the aerosol fire extinguishing agent can self-cool during a combustion reaction to achieve a flameless effect.
本发明的技术方案是，一种自冷却无焰热气溶胶灭火剂，按质量百分数计，该灭火剂由90-98％产气成分、1-5％冷却成分和1-5％导热添加剂组成；其中产气成分包括氧化剂、还原剂和粘合剂；冷却成分为钾盐和含氮有机物；导热添加剂为导热金属。The technical solution of the present invention is a self-cooling flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent, which is composed of 90-98% of gas-generating components, 1-5% of cooling components and 1-5% of thermal conductive additives by mass percentage; the gas-generating components include oxidants, reductants and adhesives; the cooling components are potassium salts and nitrogen-containing organic matter; and the thermal conductive additive is a thermal conductive metal.
进一步地，所述产气成分中氧化剂为60-80％、还原剂为10-25％和粘合剂10-15％。Furthermore, the gas-generating components include 60-80% oxidant, 10-25% reductant and 10-15% adhesive.
进一步地，所述氧化剂为硝酸钾、硝酸钠、硝酸锶、硝酸镁或硝酸钡中的一种或几种组合。Furthermore, the oxidant is one or a combination of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, magnesium nitrate or barium nitrate.
进一步地，所述还原剂为碳、硝酸胍、硝基胍或水杨酸中的一种或几种。Furthermore, the reducing agent is one or more of carbon, guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine or salicylic acid.
进一步地，所述粘合剂为水玻璃、羟丙基甲基纤维素、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、虫胶、淀粉、山梨糖醇、葡萄糖、糊精或橡胶中的一种或几种组合。Furthermore, the adhesive is one or a combination of water glass, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, shellac, starch, sorbitol, glucose, dextrin or rubber.
进一步地，所述冷却成分中钾盐为碳酸氢钾、氯化钾、硫酸钾、柠檬酸钾或山梨酸钾中的一种或几种组合；含氮有机物为亚硝胺、三聚氰胺、尿素、邻苯二胺、乙酰胺或己内酰胺中的一种或几种组合。Furthermore, the potassium salt in the cooling component is one or a combination of potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium citrate or potassium sorbate; the nitrogen-containing organic matter is one or a combination of nitrosamines, melamine, urea, o-phenylenediamine, acetamide or caprolactam.
进一步地，所述导热添加剂为铜粉。Furthermore, the thermal conductive additive is copper powder.
进一步地，冷却成分中钾盐和含氮有机物的质量比为50-60:40-50。Furthermore, the mass ratio of potassium salt to nitrogen-containing organic matter in the cooling component is 50-60:40-50.
本发明还涉及所述灭火剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent, comprising the following steps:
S1、将各原料粉碎过80-100目筛，并烘干，分别按比例配制产气成分和冷却成分；S1. Grind each raw material through a 80-100 mesh sieve, dry it, and prepare the gas-generating component and the cooling component in proportion;
S2、将产气成分、冷却成分和导热添加剂混匀，再加入乙醇混匀，最后过20-40目筛造粒，干燥去除乙醇即得。S2. Mix the gas-generating component, the cooling component and the thermal conductive additive, add ethanol and mix well, and finally sieve through a 20-40 mesh sieve to granulate, dry and remove the ethanol to obtain the product.
进一步地，乙醇加入量为产气成分、冷却成分和导热添加剂总质量的4-5％。Furthermore, the amount of ethanol added is 4-5% of the total mass of the gas-generating component, the cooling component and the thermal conductive additive.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
由于热气溶胶灭火剂中的产气成分经过燃烧反应会产生CO、H2等可燃气体，这些可燃气体在与O2发生化合作用的过程中会形成表面火焰。本发明在热气溶胶进一步地，中加入冷却成分，冷却成分中含有大量钾离子和含氮有机物，含氮有机物经过氧化还原反应形成N2等不燃气体在药剂表面产生保护层，从而降低了药剂表面可燃气体和氧气浓度，钾离子则通过与H、·HO·及O·等自由基结合从而起到抑制可燃气体在药剂表面发生燃烧链反应的作用。Since the gas-producing components in the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent will produce combustible gases such as CO and H2 through combustion reaction, these combustible gases will form surface flames during the chemical reaction with O2 . The present invention further adds a cooling component to the hot aerosol, and the cooling component contains a large amount of potassium ions and nitrogen-containing organic matter. The nitrogen-containing organic matter undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction to form non-combustible gases such as N2 to produce a protective layer on the surface of the agent, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible gas and oxygen on the surface of the agent, and the potassium ions combine with free radicals such as H, ·HO· and O· to inhibit the combustion chain reaction of combustible gas on the surface of the agent.
冷却剂的加入量如果控制在0.5％～1％，也能起到一定的冷却效果，但是药剂整体的安全性难以保障，药剂在制造以及使用过程中会存在一定的安全隐患，如果增加冷却剂用量，药剂又存在难以引燃，需要的启动能量大的问题。本发明在药剂制造过程中加入一定量导热添加剂，在药剂制作过程中因为碰撞产生的温度可以通过导热添加剂迅速导出，在药剂的使用过程中导热添加剂可以保证引燃药柱的热量会被迅速吸收并局部扩散，保证了药剂能够持续燃烧而不中断，解决药剂因冷却成分的加入而出现难引燃或燃烧中断的问题，达到启动药柱的效果，在提高药剂安全性的情况下让药剂能够引燃。If the amount of coolant added is controlled at 0.5% to 1%, it can also have a certain cooling effect, but the overall safety of the medicine is difficult to guarantee. There will be certain safety hazards in the manufacture and use of the medicine. If the amount of coolant is increased, the medicine will be difficult to ignite and require a large amount of starting energy. The present invention adds a certain amount of thermal conductive additive during the manufacture of the medicine. The temperature generated by the collision during the manufacture of the medicine can be quickly guided out by the thermal conductive additive. During the use of the medicine, the thermal conductive additive can ensure that the heat of the ignition column will be quickly absorbed and locally diffused, ensuring that the medicine can continue to burn without interruption, solving the problem that the medicine is difficult to ignite or the combustion is interrupted due to the addition of cooling components, achieving the effect of starting the medicine column, and allowing the medicine to be ignited while improving the safety of the medicine.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为实施例1中灭火剂使用时的火焰情况照片。FIG. 1 is a photograph of the flame condition when the fire extinguishing agent is used in Example 1.
图2为对比例1中灭火剂使用时的火焰情况照片。FIG. 2 is a photograph of the flame condition when the fire extinguishing agent is used in Comparative Example 1.
图3为实施例1中灭火剂使用时装置喷口火焰和温度测试情况照片。FIG3 is a photograph of the flame and temperature test of the device nozzle when the fire extinguishing agent is used in Example 1.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含93％产气成分(硝酸锶70％、水杨酸15％、环氧树脂15％)、4％冷却成分(氯化钾60％、三聚氰胺40％)和3％导热添加剂(铜粉)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 4% cooling components (60% potassium chloride, 40% melamine) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
将原料分别进行粉碎处理并过100目标准筛，后将产气成分和冷却成分分别按比例配制，再加入导热添加剂按相应比例混合。混合均匀后向其中加入产气成分、冷却成分和导热添加剂总质量4％的乙醇并搅拌均匀，后将混合物过20目标准筛进行造粒，再在50℃条件下干燥除去乙醇后即得到热气溶胶灭火剂A1-1。最后将灭火剂压制成药柱，并将药柱组装进小型灭火装置，分别对裸药柱和装置进行喷放测试，观察两者在喷放过程中的火焰情况，同时测试距装置喷口1cm处的温度。经测试，A1-1裸药柱在燃烧过程中的火焰高度为h1＝3.0cm(见图1)，装置喷口最高温度为279.3℃(见图3)。The raw materials are crushed and passed through a 100-mesh standard sieve, and then the gas-generating component and the cooling component are respectively prepared in proportion, and then the thermal conductive additive is added and mixed in the corresponding proportion. After mixing evenly, 4% ethanol of the total mass of the gas-generating component, the cooling component and the thermal conductive additive is added and stirred evenly, and then the mixture is passed through a 20-mesh standard sieve for granulation, and then dried at 50°C to remove the ethanol to obtain the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-1. Finally, the fire extinguishing agent is pressed into a powder column, and the powder column is assembled into a small fire extinguishing device, and the bare powder column and the device are sprayed and tested respectively, and the flame conditions of the two during the spraying process are observed, and the temperature at 1 cm from the nozzle of the device is tested at the same time. According to the test, the flame height of the A1-1 bare powder column during the combustion process is h1=3.0cm (see Figure 1), and the maximum temperature of the nozzle of the device is 279.3°C (see Figure 3).
实施例2Example 2
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含91％产气成分(硝酸锶70％、水杨酸15％、环氧树脂15％)、6％冷却成分(氯化钾60％、三聚氰胺40％)和3％导热添加剂(铜粉)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 91% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 6% cooling components (60% potassium chloride, 40% melamine) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A1-2，并进行相同的测试。经测试，A1-2裸药柱无法引燃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-2 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and subjected to the same test. After the test, the bare charge of A1-2 could not be ignited.
实施例3Example 3
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含95％产气成分(硝酸锶70％、水杨酸15％、环氧树脂15％)、2％冷却成分(氯化钾60％、三聚氰胺40％)和3％导热添加剂(铜粉)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 95% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 2% cooling components (60% potassium chloride, 40% melamine) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A1-3，并进行相同的测试。经测试，A1-3裸药柱在燃烧过程中的火焰高度为h3＝5.5cm，装置喷口最高温度为325.7℃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-3 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. According to the test, the flame height of the bare charge column of A1-3 during combustion was h3=5.5 cm, and the maximum temperature of the device nozzle was 325.7°C.
实施例4Example 4
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含93％产气成分(硝酸钾73％、碳粉12％、酚醛树脂15％)、4％冷却成分(碳酸氢钾60％、尿素40％)和3％导热添加剂(铜粉)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (73% potassium nitrate, 12% carbon powder, 15% phenolic resin), 4% cooling components (60% potassium bicarbonate, 40% urea) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A1-4，并进行相同的测试。经测试，A1-4裸药柱在燃烧过程中的火焰高度为h4＝4.5cm，装置喷口最高温度为301.4℃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-4 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. According to the test, the flame height of the bare A1-4 charge during combustion was h4=4.5 cm, and the maximum temperature of the device nozzle was 301.4°C.
实施例5Example 5
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含93％产气成分(硝酸镁75％、水杨酸10％、淀粉15％)、4％冷却成分(硫酸钾60％、邻苯二胺40％)和3％导热添加剂(铜粉)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-producing components (75% magnesium nitrate, 10% salicylic acid, 15% starch), 4% cooling components (60% potassium sulfate, 40% o-phenylenediamine) and 3% thermal conductive additive (copper powder).
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A1-5，并进行相同的测试。经测试， A1-5裸药柱在燃烧过程中的火焰高度为h5＝5.0cm，装置喷口最高温度为312.8℃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-5 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. The flame height of the A1-5 bare propellant column during combustion is h5=5.0cm, and the maximum temperature of the device nozzle is 312.8℃.
实施例6Example 6
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含93％产气成分(硝酸锶70％、水杨酸15％、环氧树脂15％)、4％冷却成分(氯化钾50％、三聚氰胺50％)和3％导热添加剂(铜粉)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 4% cooling components (50% potassium chloride, 50% melamine) and 3% thermal conductive additives (copper powder).
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A1-6，并进行相同的测试。经测试，A1-6裸药柱在燃烧过程中的火焰高度为h6＝3.5cm，装置喷口最高温度为292.1℃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-6 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. According to the test, the flame height of the bare A1-6 charge during combustion was h6=3.5 cm, and the maximum temperature of the device nozzle was 292.1°C.
实施例7：Embodiment 7:
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含93％产气成分(硝酸钡70％、硝基胍15％、水玻璃15％)、4％冷却成分(柠檬酸钾50％、邻苯二胺50％)和3％导热添加剂(铜粉)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (70% barium nitrate, 15% nitroguanidine, 15% water glass), 4% cooling components (50% potassium citrate, 50% o-phenylenediamine) and 3% thermal conductive additive (copper powder).
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A1-7，并进行相同的测试。经测试，A1-7裸药柱在燃烧过程中的火焰高度为h7＝4.6cm，装置喷口最高温度为301.4℃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-7 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. According to the test, the flame height of the bare charge column of A1-7 during combustion was h7=4.6 cm, and the maximum temperature of the device nozzle was 301.4°C.
实施例8：Embodiment 8:
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含95％产气成分(硝酸锶80％、水杨酸10％、环氧树脂10％)、3％冷却成分(氯化钾50％、乙酰胺50％)和2％导热添加剂(铜粉)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 95% gas-generating components (80% strontium nitrate, 10% salicylic acid, 10% epoxy resin), 3% cooling components (50% potassium chloride, 50% acetamide) and 2% thermal conductive additive (copper powder).
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A1-8，并进行相同的测试。经测试，A1-8裸药柱在燃烧过程中的火焰高度为h8＝5.6cm，装置喷口最高温度为331.2℃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1-8 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. According to the test, the flame height of the bare A1-8 charge during combustion was h8=5.6 cm, and the maximum temperature of the device nozzle was 331.2°C.
对比例1Comparative Example 1
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含100％产气成分(硝酸锶70％、水杨酸15％、环氧树脂15％)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: Calculated by mass percentage, it contains 100% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin).
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A0-1，并进行相同的测试。经测试，A0-1裸药柱在燃烧过程中的火焰高度为h0＝20.1cm(见图2)，装置喷口最高温度为423.3℃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A0-1 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. According to the test, the flame height of the bare charge column of A0-1 during combustion was h0=20.1 cm (see Figure 2), and the maximum temperature of the device nozzle was 423.3°C.
对比例2Comparative Example 2
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含96％产气成分(硝酸锶70％、水杨酸15％、环氧树脂15％)和4％冷却成分(氯化钾50％、三聚氰胺50％)。Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 96% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin) and 4% cooling components (50% potassium chloride, 50% melamine).
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A0-2，并进行相同的测试。经测试，A0-2裸药柱无法引燃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A0-2 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. After the test, the bare charge of A0-2 could not be ignited.
对比例3Comparative Example 3
灭火剂组成：按质量百分数计，含93％产气成分(硝酸锶70％、水杨酸15％、环氧树脂15％)和4％冷却成分(氯化钾50％、三聚氰胺50％)和锌粉3％。 Fire extinguishing agent composition: by mass percentage, it contains 93% gas-generating components (70% strontium nitrate, 15% salicylic acid, 15% epoxy resin), 4% cooling components (50% potassium chloride, 50% melamine) and 3% zinc powder.
按照实施例1的方法制备得到热气溶胶灭火剂A0-3，并进行相同的测试。经测试，A0-3裸药柱在燃烧过程中的火焰高度为22.6cm，装置喷口最高温度为435.1℃。The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent A0-3 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same test was performed. According to the test, the flame height of the bare A0-3 charge during the combustion process was 22.6 cm, and the maximum temperature of the device nozzle was 435.1°C.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。 Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自冷却无焰热气溶胶灭火剂，其特征在于：按质量百分数计，该灭火剂由90-98％产气成分、1-5％冷却成分和1-5％导热添加剂组成；其中产气成分包括氧化剂、还原剂和粘合剂；冷却成分为钾盐和含氮有机物；导热添加剂为导热金属。A self-cooling flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: measured by mass percentage, the fire extinguishing agent consists of 90-98% of gas-generating components, 1-5% of cooling components and 1-5% of thermal conductive additives; the gas-generating components include oxidants, reducing agents and adhesives; the cooling components are potassium salts and nitrogen-containing organic matter; and the thermal conductive additive is a thermal conductive metal.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂，其特征在于：所述产气成分中氧化剂为60-80％、还原剂为10-25％和粘合剂10-15％。The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that the gas-generating components include 60-80% oxidant, 10-25% reductant and 10-15% binder.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的灭火剂，其特征在于：所述氧化剂为硝酸钾、硝酸钠、硝酸锶、硝酸镁或硝酸钡中的一种或几种组合。The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that the oxidant is one or a combination of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, magnesium nitrate or barium nitrate.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的灭火剂，其特征在于：所述还原剂为碳、硝酸胍、硝基胍或水杨酸中的一种或几种。The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that the reducing agent is one or more of carbon, guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine or salicylic acid.
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的灭火剂，其特征在于：所述粘合剂为水玻璃、羟丙基甲基纤维素、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、虫胶、淀粉、山梨糖醇、葡萄糖、糊精或橡胶中的一种或几种组合。The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2 is characterized in that the binder is one or a combination of water glass, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, shellac, starch, sorbitol, glucose, dextrin or rubber.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂，其特征在于：所述冷却成分中钾盐为碳酸氢钾、氯化钾、硫酸钾、柠檬酸钾或山梨酸钾中的一种或几种组合；含氮有机物为亚硝胺、三聚氰胺、尿素、邻苯二胺、乙酰胺或己内酰胺中的一种或几种组合。The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the potassium salt in the cooling component is one or a combination of potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium citrate or potassium sorbate; the nitrogen-containing organic matter is one or a combination of nitrosamines, melamine, urea, o-phenylenediamine, acetamide or caprolactam.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂，其特征在于：所述导热添加剂为铜粉。The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal conductive additive is copper powder.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂，其特征在于：冷却成分中钾盐和含氮有机物的质量比为50-60:40-50。The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that the mass ratio of potassium salt to nitrogen-containing organic matter in the cooling component is 50-60:40-50.
  9. 权利要求1-8任意一项所述灭火剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    S1、将各原料粉碎过80-100目筛，并烘干，分别按比例配制产气成分和冷却成分；S1. Grind each raw material through a 80-100 mesh sieve, dry it, and prepare the gas-generating component and the cooling component in proportion;
    S2、将产气成分、冷却成分和导热添加剂混匀，再加入乙醇混匀，最后过20-40目筛造粒，干燥去除乙醇即得。S2. Mix the gas-generating component, the cooling component and the thermal conductive additive, add ethanol and mix well, and finally sieve through a 20-40 mesh sieve to granulate, dry and remove the ethanol to obtain the product.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述灭火剂的制备方法，其特征在于：乙醇加入量为产气成分、冷却成分和导热添加剂总质量的4-5％。 The method for preparing a fire extinguishing agent according to claim 9 is characterized in that the amount of ethanol added is 4-5% of the total mass of the gas-generating component, the cooling component and the thermal conductive additive.
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