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WO2024153846A1 - Device for storing and transporting goods at a low temperature - Google Patents

Device for storing and transporting goods at a low temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024153846A1
WO2024153846A1 PCT/ES2024/070027 ES2024070027W WO2024153846A1 WO 2024153846 A1 WO2024153846 A1 WO 2024153846A1 ES 2024070027 W ES2024070027 W ES 2024070027W WO 2024153846 A1 WO2024153846 A1 WO 2024153846A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capsule
modules
module
evaporator
coolant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2024/070027
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander Vasilievich CHERNIKOV
Original Assignee
SAYOL SANTAMARIA, Ignasi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2023129464A external-priority patent/RU2827288C1/en
Application filed by SAYOL SANTAMARIA, Ignasi filed Critical SAYOL SANTAMARIA, Ignasi
Publication of WO2024153846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024153846A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for storage and transportation of goods at low temperature, in particular fresh or frozen products, in particular, the device is used in standard freight transport containers by road, air and sea transport.
  • the transport in containers of perishable products, in particular food requires the maintenance of temperatures in accordance with ATP standards and in particular in accordance with Class A for products labeled "fresh", temperatures that, depending on the type and mode of transport or distribution are between 0°C and +4°C or 0°C and +7°C, and, according to Class C, temperatures below -18°C, for products labeled "frozen".
  • thermo-insulated containers or similar which contains the at least one heat accumulator associated with the corresponding interior wall of the container and containing a plurality of metallic heat storage modules that continue longitudinally, where each of said modules comprises a casing that separates them from a cavity configured to contain a fluid heat storage, where a heat exchanger is located in the cavity, configured to supply a heat transfer fluid thereto, characterized in that the heat storage modules are connected to each other mechanically and thermally, and the housing has a first wall that looks towards the inner surface of the container and has, essentially, a flat surface, and a second wall, which is opposite to the first wall, is directed towards the interior compartment of the container and has an at least partially ribbed surface.
  • the main disadvantage of this design is its complexity and inseparability, as well as its low resistance, in addition to the low time to maintain the cooling temperature.
  • Another disadvantage of this solution is that it has a large number of elements that are difficult to manufacture and that complicate the entire solution. Also, the disadvantage of this solution is the need to attach structural parts to the walls of the container, which leads to a change in the functionality of the container, that is, this container after the upgrade will not be able to be used for the transportation of any products. .
  • An objective of the invention is to simplify the design of the device.
  • a device for storing and transporting goods at low temperature comprising: a reinforced monolithic capsule made of heat-insulating material, made in a shape corresponding to the internal dimensions of a standard shipping container, a roof module with a coolant, made in the form of a monolithic parallelepiped, in size, corresponding to the area of the side surface of the capsule and connected to the side surface of the capsule, inside which a heat exchanger is placed tubular with a refrigerant and a heat accumulating liquid.
  • the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures is based on a modular refrigeration principle, which includes, like the previous embodiment, a reinforced monolithic capsule, made of heat-insulating material and with a shape corresponding to the internal dimensions of the transport container, with an evaporator with refrigerant.
  • the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures is characterized in that the capsule has a modular design, including: a roof module, side modules, a floor module, door modules and a rear module, which They are connected, with refrigerant evaporator sections located in the side and roof modules.
  • modules with evaporator sections are interconnected by locking connections.
  • the evaporator sections are made in the form of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements.
  • star-shaped holes are made in the reinforcements with the possibility of placing aluminum tubes in them for the passage of the coolant.
  • the walls of the modules are made of composite material.
  • the insulation is located between the walls of the modules.
  • the evaporator sections are fixed to an aluminum sheet.
  • the evaporator sections are located in the evaporator niches.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the device with the end side of the capsule, corresponding to the doors of the container, provided with doors.
  • FIG. 1 is an interior view of the capsule of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 show views of the capsule and the shipping container of the previous figures.
  • FIG. 5 shows a front view of an embodiment of the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures using modules made of composite materials.
  • FIG. 6 shows a side view in front section of a device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures using modules made of composite materials.
  • FIG. 7 shows the structure of a capsule made up of modules.
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of the module in front section, showing the location of the evaporator in the module niche.
  • FIG. 9 shows a side view in front section of the exterior wall of the module, made of composite materials.
  • FIG. 10 shows the structure of the evaporator section.
  • FIG. 11 shows the reinforcement of the evaporator section with star-shaped holes.
  • FIG. 12 shows an exterior view of a technical implementation version of the device for a standard maritime container.
  • FIG. 13 shows an interior view of a technical implementation version of the device for a standard maritime container.
  • the device for the storage and transportation of goods at low temperature is designed to be placed in standard uninsulated shipping containers.
  • the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperature includes a monolithic, reinforced capsule (1), made of heat-insulating material, made in a shape that repeats the internal dimensions of the container (2). ) in which it is installed, a roof module (3.1) with a coolant, made in the shape of a parallelepiped, of size corresponding to the area of the lateral (upper) surface of the capsule (1) and connected to the lateral surface of the capsule (1).
  • the reinforced capsule (1) is made of a heat-insulating material (e.g. Pll - polyurethanes, PUU, etc.) by simultaneously pouring five faces of the frame corresponding to the internal dimensions of a standard shipping container, which ensures rigidity and strength necessary for the entire structure of the capsule (1) in general.
  • the capsule (1) can be made in the shape of a parallelepiped or have a more complex shape, corresponding, for example, to the shape of an air transport container.
  • the capsule (1) On the edge of the capsule (1), corresponding to the container doors, there are doors on plastic hinges molded with the same technology as other surfaces of the capsule (1), which open when the standard container (2) is open.
  • the capsule (1) is easily placed in the container (2) by mechanically sliding it into a standard container (2), without thermal insulation, for example, using the free inlet / outlet of the capsule (1), a sliding element is applied to the container floor, for example, in the form of microspheres from 3M (Germany) or similar, providing a low coefficient of friction.
  • the fixation of the capsule (1) is carried out, for example, with fasteners.
  • the coolant module is a parallelepiped of size corresponding to the lateral (top) surface area (roof) of the capsule (1).
  • the dimensions (example) are given in table 2.
  • the module is equipped with a tubular heat exchanger to concentrate the necessary amount of cold in the heat accumulating fluid inside the module.
  • the refrigerant used is any type of freon or carbon dioxide group. Water is used as a storage fluid.
  • the valve compensates for the change in refrigerant volume during the phase change.
  • the module is equipped with internal partitions, including those with star-shaped holes for the formation of turbulence that reduce the speed of the directed movement of the liquid.
  • the module is placed on the side corresponding to the roof surface of the capsule (1).
  • Fixing the ceiling module (3.1) allows it to be quickly replaced with a module ready for operation.
  • frog latches or conventional chain roller clamps can be used.
  • the module can be manufactured with various thermal capacities, providing the necessary thermal autonomy period.
  • Table 1 shows the overall dimensions of a standard 2 shipping container.
  • Table 2 shows an example of a variation of the total dimensions of the refrigeration module.
  • the claimed device allows the use of any standard non-insulated container.
  • This solution also provides an increase in technical reliability, by making the capsule monolithic and made of heat-insulating material, in addition to reducing the sanitization and maintenance times of the container, preparing it for work.
  • the prepared capsule can be pre-prepared and loaded, then placed in a standard shipping container. Preparation for operation of the capsule is carried out both in the assembled state by connecting the cold accumulator unit to the compressor and by replacing the cold accumulator with a ready-made one, which significantly reduces the time for preparing the capsule for operation .
  • the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures has a modular cooling principle and in this embodiment the capsule (1) consists of seven modules: a roof module (3.1), two side modules (3.2), a floor module (3.3), two door modules (3.4), a rear module (3.5), which are interconnected by locking joints and manufactured in the form of parallelepipeds with dimensions equal to the dimensions from the inside of the corresponding side of the shipping container.
  • the modules (1) are formed by the outer walls (4) of the module (1), made in the shape of a parallelepiped with niches for the evaporator (5) structurally manufactured in the form of recesses, while on the outer walls of the modules made of composite material, a wear layer - a resistant composite is applied -, between which the insulation (6), evaporator sections (7), consisting of aluminum tubes ( 8) through which the coolant flows and which are fixed by longitudinal and transverse reinforcements (9) with star-shaped holes (10), are mounted on an aluminum sheet (11), therefore, the size of The aluminum sheet (11) with the evaporator sections (7) installed on it corresponds to the size of the niche for the evaporator (5) in which this structure is installed.
  • the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures with a modular cooling principle including a capsule (1), consisting of the roof module (3.1) with coolant mounted on the upper inner wall of the transport container, two side modules (3.2) with refrigerant mounted on the inner side walls of the shipping container (2), a floor module (3.3) mounted on the inner bottom wall of the shipping container, two door modules (3.4), mounted on the front of the capsule, made in the shape of a parallelepiped and joined together with locking joints, protecting the contents of the capsule (1) from external mechanical damage, and also simplifying the design of the device capsule.
  • a capsule (1) consisting of the roof module (3.1) with coolant mounted on the upper inner wall of the transport container, two side modules (3.2) with refrigerant mounted on the inner side walls of the shipping container (2), a floor module (3.3) mounted on the inner bottom wall of the shipping container, two door modules (3.4), mounted on the front of the capsule, made in the shape of a parallelepiped and joined together with locking joints, protecting the contents of the capsule (1) from external
  • the evaporator sections (7) consisting of aluminum tubes (8) through which the refrigerant flows creating heat exchange, are mounted on an aluminum sheet (11) and mounted in a niche for the evaporator ( 5).
  • the modular construction of the capsule (1) of the device allows you to increase the cooling time of the capsule due to the uniform distribution of modules over the entire internal surface of the capsule (1) of the device.
  • the outer walls of the module made of composite, and the insulation (6) located between them allow the accumulation of heat to increase in the outer walls of the modules, which also increases the cooling time of the capsule.
  • the aluminum tubes (8) pass through star-shaped holes (10) made in the reinforcements (9) to increase rigidity structural of the evaporator sections (7) and prevent the appearance of water hammer when accelerating and braking the vehicle when it is in motion.
  • the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures with a modular refrigeration principle includes two side modules with evaporator sections of equal surface area to the inner side walls of the transport container, a roof module with evaporator sections equal in area to the interior top wall of the shipping container and to the floor module, door modules and rear module.
  • the modules are interconnected by locking joints, allowing them to be assembled and dismantled locally without the need for technical means.
  • This arrangement of modules improves the cooling properties of the capsule and therefore increases the time required to maintain the cooling temperature of the capsule. And also by installing evaporator sections in all evaporator niches of the side and roof modules, the mass distribution of the capsule is significantly improved, which leads to an increase in structural strength.
  • the evaporator sections are fixed on the inside to an aluminum sheet, which increases the density of the structure.
  • the outer walls of the modules are made of composite material, which increases heat build-up and prolongs the capsule's cooling time. Between the outer walls of the module there is insulation, which also increases heat accumulation and affects the maintenance of the required temperature inside the capsule.
  • the evaporator sections are fixed using longitudinal and transverse stiffeners with star-shaped holes, which reduces the likelihood of water hammer during acceleration or braking, and also increases the strength of the structure.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show an embodiment of the proposed technical solution for a standard 10-foot (3-meter) shipping container.
  • the temperature was measured: in the device described in the prototype the temperature was 16°C, which does not meet the storage temperature requirements for a certain range of products, and in the device of the technical solution
  • the proposed temperature was 9°C.
  • the ambient temperature increased to 32°C
  • the temperature in the device described in the prototype was 18°C
  • the device in the proposed technical solution was 11°C.
  • the duration of the experiment was 22 hours, while the device of the proposed technical solution heats up 30% more slowly in relation to the device described in the prototype, that is, the time to maintain the required cooling temperature of the capsule is 30% larger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for storing and transporting goods, in particular fresh or frozen products, and it is particularly used in standard shipping containers. The device consists of a capsule made of heat-insulating material, having a shape corresponding to the internal dimensions of the shipping container, and a module with a coolant, having a monolithic parallelepiped shape, a size corresponding to the area of the lateral surface of the capsule, and being connected to the lateral surface of the capsule, inside of which a tubular heat exchanger is placed with a coolant and a heat accumulation liquid. In one embodiment, the device has a modular configuration consisting of a ceiling module (3.1) with a coolant and two lateral modules (3.2) with a coolant.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Dispositivo para almacenamiento y transporte de mercancías a baja temperatura. Device for storage and transportation of goods at low temperature.
Sector de la técnica Technical sector
La invención se refiere a un dispositivo para almacenamiento y transporte de mercancías a baja temperatura, en particular productos frescos o congelados, en particular, el dispositivo se utiliza en contenedores de transporte estándar de mercancías por carretera, transporte aéreo y marítimo. The invention relates to a device for storage and transportation of goods at low temperature, in particular fresh or frozen products, in particular, the device is used in standard freight transport containers by road, air and sea transport.
El transporte en contenedores de productos perecederos, en particular alimentos, requiere el mantenimiento de temperaturas de acuerdo con las normas ATP y en particular de acuerdo con la Clase A para productos etiquetados como "frescos", temperaturas que, según el tipo y modo de transporte o distribución están entre 0°C y +4°C o 0°C y +7°C, y, de acuerdo con la Clase C, temperaturas inferiores a -18°C, para productos etiquetados como "congelados". The transport in containers of perishable products, in particular food, requires the maintenance of temperatures in accordance with ATP standards and in particular in accordance with Class A for products labeled "fresh", temperatures that, depending on the type and mode of transport or distribution are between 0°C and +4°C or 0°C and +7°C, and, according to Class C, temperatures below -18°C, for products labeled "frozen".
Estado de la técnica. State of the art.
La mayoría de las unidades de refrigeración conocidas utilizan un cuerpo monolítico de metal para aumentar la resistencia estructural. En este caso, como regla general, las paredes exteriores están hechas completamente de metal y la estructura no es desmontable. Most known refrigeration units use a monolithic metal body to increase structural strength. In this case, as a rule, the outer walls are made entirely of metal and the structure is not removable.
En el estado de la técnica se conoce un dispositivo de almacenamiento y transporte de productos frescos o congelados, en particular de contenedores termoaislados o similares (RU 2662183 C2, 20/06/2017, publicada el 24/07/2018), que contiene al menos un acumulador de calor asociado a la correspondiente pared interior del contenedor y que contiene una pluralidad de módulos metálicos de almacenamiento de calor que se continúan longitudinalmente, donde cada uno de dichos módulos comprende una carcasa que los separa de una cavidad configurada para contener un fluido de almacenamiento de calor, donde un intercambiador de calor está ubicado en la cavidad, configurado para suministrar un calor transferir fluido a él, caracterizado porque los módulos de almacenamiento de calor están conectados entre sí mecánica y térmicamente, y la carcasa tiene una primera pared que mira hacia la superficie interior del contenedor y tiene, en esencia, una superficie plana, y una segunda pared, que es opuesta a la primera pared, está dirigida hacia el compartimento interior del contenedor y tiene una superficie al menos parcialmente nervada. In the state of the art, a device for storing and transporting fresh or frozen products is known, in particular thermo-insulated containers or similar (RU 2662183 C2, 06/20/2017, published on 07/24/2018), which contains the at least one heat accumulator associated with the corresponding interior wall of the container and containing a plurality of metallic heat storage modules that continue longitudinally, where each of said modules comprises a casing that separates them from a cavity configured to contain a fluid heat storage, where a heat exchanger is located in the cavity, configured to supply a heat transfer fluid thereto, characterized in that the heat storage modules are connected to each other mechanically and thermally, and the housing has a first wall that looks towards the inner surface of the container and has, essentially, a flat surface, and a second wall, which is opposite to the first wall, is directed towards the interior compartment of the container and has an at least partially ribbed surface.
La principal desventaja de este diseño es su complejidad e inseparabilidad, así como su baja resistencia, además del bajo tiempo para mantener la temperatura de enfriamiento. The main disadvantage of this design is its complexity and inseparability, as well as its low resistance, in addition to the low time to maintain the cooling temperature.
Otra desventaja de esta solución es que tiene gran cantidad de elementos que son difíciles de fabricar y que complican toda la solución. Además, la desventaja de esta solución es la necesidad de unir partes estructurales a las paredes del contenedor, lo que conduce a un cambio en la funcionalidad del contenedor, es decir, este contenedor después de la actualización no podrá usarse para el transporte de ningún producto. Another disadvantage of this solution is that it has a large number of elements that are difficult to manufacture and that complicate the entire solution. Also, the disadvantage of this solution is the need to attach structural parts to the walls of the container, which leads to a change in the functionality of the container, that is, this container after the upgrade will not be able to be used for the transportation of any products. .
Explicación de la invención. Explanation of the invention.
La tarea que debe resolver la solución reivindicada es eliminar las deficiencias identificadas en el estado de la técnica. The task that the claimed solution must solve is to eliminate the deficiencies identified in the state of the art.
Un objetivo de la invención es simplificar el diseño del dispositivo. An objective of the invention is to simplify the design of the device.
El resultado técnico especificado se logra según la invención con mediante un dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a baja temperatura, que comprende: una cápsula monolítica reforzada hecha de material termoaislante, hecha en una forma correspondiente a la dimensiones internas de un contenedor de envío estándar, un módulo de techo con un refrigerante, realizado en forma de paralelepípedo monolítico, en tamaño, correspondiente al área de la superficie lateral de la cápsula y conectado a la superficie lateral de la cápsula, en el interior en el que se coloca un intercambiador de calor tubular con un refrigerante y un líquido acumulador de calor. The specified technical result is achieved according to the invention by means of a device for storing and transporting goods at low temperature, comprising: a reinforced monolithic capsule made of heat-insulating material, made in a shape corresponding to the internal dimensions of a standard shipping container, a roof module with a coolant, made in the form of a monolithic parallelepiped, in size, corresponding to the area of the side surface of the capsule and connected to the side surface of the capsule, inside which a heat exchanger is placed tubular with a refrigerant and a heat accumulating liquid.
Esta invención contempla una vahante de realización orientada a aumentar el tiempo para mantener la temperatura de enfriamiento en la capsula. En esta realización el dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a bajas temperaturas se basa en un principio de refrigeración modular, que incluye al igual que la realización anterior una cápsula monolítica reforzada, hecha de material termoaislante y con una forma correspondiente a las dimensiones internas del contenedor de transporte, con un evaporador con refrigerante. En esta vahante de realización el dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a bajas temperaturas está caracterizado porque la cápsula tiene un diseño modular, incluyendo: un módulo de techo, módulos laterales, un módulo de piso, módulos de puerta y un módulo trasero, los cuales están conectados, con secciones de evaporador de refrigerante ubicadas en los módulos laterales y de techo. This invention contemplates an embodiment aimed at increasing the time to maintain the cooling temperature in the capsule. In this embodiment, the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures is based on a modular refrigeration principle, which includes, like the previous embodiment, a reinforced monolithic capsule, made of heat-insulating material and with a shape corresponding to the internal dimensions of the transport container, with an evaporator with refrigerant. In this embodiment, the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures is characterized in that the capsule has a modular design, including: a roof module, side modules, a floor module, door modules and a rear module, which They are connected, with refrigerant evaporator sections located in the side and roof modules.
En particular, los módulos con secciones de evaporador están interconectados mediante conexiones de bloqueo. In particular, modules with evaporator sections are interconnected by locking connections.
En particular, las secciones del evaporador están realizadas en forma de refuerzos longitudinales y transversales. In particular, the evaporator sections are made in the form of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements.
En particular, en los refuerzos se realizan orificios en forma de estrella con la posibilidad de colocar en ellos tubos de aluminio para el paso del refrigerante. In particular, star-shaped holes are made in the reinforcements with the possibility of placing aluminum tubes in them for the passage of the coolant.
En particular, las paredes de los módulos están hechas de material compuesto. In particular, the walls of the modules are made of composite material.
En particular, el aislamiento se sitúa entre las paredes de los módulos. In particular, the insulation is located between the walls of the modules.
En particular, las secciones del evaporador están fijadas a una lámina de aluminio. In particular, the evaporator sections are fixed to an aluminum sheet.
En particular, las secciones del evaporador están ubicadas en los nichos del evaporador. In particular, the evaporator sections are located in the evaporator niches.
Breve descripción del contenido de los dibujos. Brief description of the content of the drawings.
- La figura 1 muestra un primer ejemplo de realización del dispositivo con el lado extremo de la cápsula, correspondiente a las puertas del contenedor, provisto de puertas. - Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the device with the end side of the capsule, corresponding to the doors of the container, provided with doors.
- La figura 2 es una vista interior de la cápsula de la figura 1. - Figure 2 is an interior view of the capsule of Figure 1.
- Las figuras. 3 y 4 muestran sendas vistas de la cápsula y el contenedor de envío de las figuras anteriores. - La figura 5 muestra una vista frontal de una vahante de realización del dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a bajas temperaturas mediante módulos fabricados en materiales compuestos. - The figures. 3 and 4 show views of the capsule and the shipping container of the previous figures. - Figure 5 shows a front view of an embodiment of the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures using modules made of composite materials.
- La figura 6 muestra una vista lateral en sección frontal de un dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a bajas temperaturas mediante módulos fabricados en materiales compuestos. - Figure 6 shows a side view in front section of a device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures using modules made of composite materials.
- La figura 7 muestra la estructura de una cápsula formada por módulos. - Figure 7 shows the structure of a capsule made up of modules.
- La figura 8 muestra una vista lateral del módulo en sección frontal, en la que se aprecia la ubicación del evaporador en el nicho del módulo. - Figure 8 shows a side view of the module in front section, showing the location of the evaporator in the module niche.
- La figura 9 muestra una vista lateral en sección frontal de la pared exterior del módulo, realizada en materiales compuestos. - Figure 9 shows a side view in front section of the exterior wall of the module, made of composite materials.
- La figura 10 muestra la estructura de la sección del evaporador. - Figure 10 shows the structure of the evaporator section.
- La figura 11 muestra el refuerzo de la sección del evaporador con orificios en forma de estrella. - Figure 11 shows the reinforcement of the evaporator section with star-shaped holes.
- La figura 12 muestra una vista exterior de una vahante de implementación técnica del dispositivo para un contenedor marítimo estándar. - Figure 12 shows an exterior view of a technical implementation version of the device for a standard maritime container.
- La figura 13 muestra una vista interior de una vahante de implementación técnica del dispositivo para un contenedor marítimo estándar. - Figure 13 shows an interior view of a technical implementation version of the device for a standard maritime container.
Exposición detallada de modos de realización de la invención. Detailed presentation of embodiments of the invention.
En las figuras adjuntas se han utilizado las siguientes referencias: In the attached figures the following references have been used:
1 - cápsula, 1 - capsule,
2 - contenedor, 2 - container,
3.1 - módulo de techo, 3.1 - roof module,
3.2 - módulos laterales, 3.3 - módulo de piso, 3.2 - side modules, 3.3 - floor module,
3.4 - módulos de puerta, 3.4 - door modules,
3.5 - módulo trasero, 3.5 - rear module,
4 - pared exterior del módulo, 4 - outer wall of the module,
5 - nicho para el evaporador, 5 - niche for the evaporator,
6 - aislamiento, 6 - insulation,
7 - sección del evaporador, 7 - evaporator section,
8 - tubos de aluminio, 8 - aluminum tubes,
9 - refuerzos, 9 - reinforcements,
10 - orificios en forma de estrella, 10 - star-shaped holes,
11 - lámina de aluminio. 11 - aluminum sheet.
El dispositivo para el almacenamiento y transporte de mercancías a baja temperatura está diseñado para colocarse en contenedores de transporte estándar sin aislamiento.The device for the storage and transportation of goods at low temperature is designed to be placed in standard uninsulated shipping containers.
En la realización mostrada en las figuras 2 a 4, el dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a baja temperatura, incluye una cápsula (1) monolítica, reforzada, hecha de material termoaislante, hecha en una forma que repite las dimensiones internas del contenedor (2) en el que está instalado, un módulo de techo (3.1) con un refrigerante, realizado en forma de paralelepípedo, de tamaño correspondiente al área de la superficie lateral (superior) de la cápsula (1) y conectado a la superficie lateral de la cápsula (1). In the embodiment shown in Figures 2 to 4, the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperature includes a monolithic, reinforced capsule (1), made of heat-insulating material, made in a shape that repeats the internal dimensions of the container (2). ) in which it is installed, a roof module (3.1) with a coolant, made in the shape of a parallelepiped, of size corresponding to the area of the lateral (upper) surface of the capsule (1) and connected to the lateral surface of the capsule (1).
La cápsula (1) reforzada está hecha de un material termoaislante (por ejemplo, Pll - poliuretanos, PUU, etc.) vertiendo simultáneamente cinco caras del marco correspondientes a las dimensiones internas de un contenedor de envío estándar, lo que asegura la rigidez y resistencia necesarias de toda la estructura de la cápsula (1) en general. La cápsula (1) puede estar realizada en forma de paralelepípedo o tener una forma más compleja, correspondiente, por ejemplo, a la forma de un contenedor de transporte aéreo. The reinforced capsule (1) is made of a heat-insulating material (e.g. Pll - polyurethanes, PUU, etc.) by simultaneously pouring five faces of the frame corresponding to the internal dimensions of a standard shipping container, which ensures rigidity and strength necessary for the entire structure of the capsule (1) in general. The capsule (1) can be made in the shape of a parallelepiped or have a more complex shape, corresponding, for example, to the shape of an air transport container.
En el borde de la cápsula (1), correspondiente a las puertas del contenedor, se encuentran puertas sobre bisagras de plástico moldeadas con la misma tecnología que otras superficies de la cápsula (1), que se abren cuando el contenedor (2) estándar está abierto. La cápsula (1) se coloca fácilmente en el contenedor (2) desliándola mecánicamente en un contenedor (2) estándar, sin aislamiento térmico, por ejemplo, utilizando la entrada / salida libre de la cápsula (1), se aplica un elemento deslizante al piso del contenedor, por ejemplo, en forma de micro esferas de 3M (Alemania) o similar, proporcionando un bajo coeficiente de fricción. On the edge of the capsule (1), corresponding to the container doors, there are doors on plastic hinges molded with the same technology as other surfaces of the capsule (1), which open when the standard container (2) is open. The capsule (1) is easily placed in the container (2) by mechanically sliding it into a standard container (2), without thermal insulation, for example, using the free inlet / outlet of the capsule (1), a sliding element is applied to the container floor, for example, in the form of microspheres from 3M (Germany) or similar, providing a low coefficient of friction.
La fijación de la cápsula (1) se realiza, por ejemplo, con sujetadores. The fixation of the capsule (1) is carried out, for example, with fasteners.
El módulo de refrigerante es un paralelepípedo de tamaño correspondiente al área de la superficie lateral (superior) (techo) de la cápsula (1). Las dimensiones (ejemplo) se dan en la tabla 2. El módulo está equipado con un intercambiador de calor tubular para concentrar la cantidad necesaria de frío en el fluido acumulador de calor en el interior del módulo. El refrigerante utilizado es cualquier tipo de grupo freón o dióxido de carbono. El agua se utiliza como fluido de almacenamiento. The coolant module is a parallelepiped of size corresponding to the lateral (top) surface area (roof) of the capsule (1). The dimensions (example) are given in table 2. The module is equipped with a tubular heat exchanger to concentrate the necessary amount of cold in the heat accumulating fluid inside the module. The refrigerant used is any type of freon or carbon dioxide group. Water is used as a storage fluid.
La válvula compensa el cambio en el volumen de refrigerante durante el cambio de fase. The valve compensates for the change in refrigerant volume during the phase change.
Para evitar la ocurrencia de golpes de ariete durante el transporte del contenedor (2), el módulo está equipado con tabiques internos, incluidos aquéllos con orificios en forma de estrella para la formación de turbulencias que reducen la velocidad del movimiento dirigido del líquido. To prevent the occurrence of water hammer during transportation of the container (2), the module is equipped with internal partitions, including those with star-shaped holes for the formation of turbulence that reduce the speed of the directed movement of the liquid.
En esta realización el módulo se coloca en el lateral correspondiente a la superficie del techo de la cápsula (1). La fijación del módulo de techo (3.1) permite su rápida sustitución por un módulo preparado para el funcionamiento. Para la fijación, por ejemplo, se pueden utilizar pestillos tipo rana o abrazaderas de rodillos de cadena convencionales. El módulo se puede fabricar con vahas capacidades térmicas, proporcionando el periodo de autonomía térmica necesario. In this embodiment, the module is placed on the side corresponding to the roof surface of the capsule (1). Fixing the ceiling module (3.1) allows it to be quickly replaced with a module ready for operation. For fixing, for example, frog latches or conventional chain roller clamps can be used. The module can be manufactured with various thermal capacities, providing the necessary thermal autonomy period.
La Tabla 1 muestra las dimensiones generales de un contenedor de envío estándar 2.
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001
Table 1 shows the overall dimensions of a standard 2 shipping container.
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001
La Tabla 2 muestra un ejemplo de una vahante de las dimensiones totales del módulo frigorífico.
Figure imgf000009_0002
Table 2 shows an example of a variation of the total dimensions of the refrigeration module.
Figure imgf000009_0002
El dispositivo reivindicado permite el uso de cualquier contenedor estándar no aislado. Esta solución también proporciona un aumento de la fiabilidad técnica, al hacer que la cápsula sea monolítica y de material termoaislante, además de reducir los plazos de higienización y mantenimiento del contenedor, preparándolo para el trabajo. La cápsula preparada se puede preparar y cargar previamente, y luego colocarse en un contenedor de envío estándar. La preparación para el funcionamiento de la cápsula se lleva a cabo tanto en el estado ensamblado conectando la unidad de acumulación de frío al compresor como reemplazando el acumulador de frío por uno preparado, lo que reduce significativamente el tiempo de preparación de la cápsula para el funcionamiento. The claimed device allows the use of any standard non-insulated container. This solution also provides an increase in technical reliability, by making the capsule monolithic and made of heat-insulating material, in addition to reducing the sanitization and maintenance times of the container, preparing it for work. The prepared capsule can be pre-prepared and loaded, then placed in a standard shipping container. Preparation for operation of the capsule is carried out both in the assembled state by connecting the cold accumulator unit to the compressor and by replacing the cold accumulator with a ready-made one, which significantly reduces the time for preparing the capsule for operation .
En la vanante de realización mostrada en las figuras 5 a 13 el dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a bajas temperaturas tiene un principio de enfriamiento modular y en esta realización la capsula (1) consta de siete módulos: un módulo (3.1) de techo, dos módulos laterales (3.2), un módulo de piso (3.3), dos módulos de puerta (3.4), un módulo trasero (3.5), que están interconectados mediante juntas de bloqueo y fabricados en forma de paralelepípedos de dimensiones ¡guales a las dimensiones de la parte interna del lado correspondiente del contenedor de envío. Como se muestra en la figura 6, los módulos (1) están formados por las paredes exteriores (4) del módulo (1), realizadas en forma de paralelepípedo con nichos para el evaporador (5) fabricados estructuralmente en forma de rebajes, mientras que en las paredes exteriores de los módulos fabricados de material compuesto, una capa de desgaste, -se aplica un compuesto resistente-, entre el cual se coloca el aislamiento (6), secciones del evaporador (7), que consisten en tubos de aluminio (8) a través de los cuales fluye el refrigerante y que están fijados por refuerzos (9) longitudinales y transversales con orificios en forma de estrella (10), están montados sobre una lámina de aluminio (11), por lo tanto, el tamaño de la lámina de aluminio (11) con las secciones del evaporador (7) instaladas en ella corresponde al tamaño del nicho para el evaporador (5) en el que está instalada esta estructura. In the embodiment shown in Figures 5 to 13, the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures has a modular cooling principle and in this embodiment the capsule (1) consists of seven modules: a roof module (3.1), two side modules (3.2), a floor module (3.3), two door modules (3.4), a rear module (3.5), which are interconnected by locking joints and manufactured in the form of parallelepipeds with dimensions equal to the dimensions from the inside of the corresponding side of the shipping container. As shown in Figure 6, the modules (1) are formed by the outer walls (4) of the module (1), made in the shape of a parallelepiped with niches for the evaporator (5) structurally manufactured in the form of recesses, while on the outer walls of the modules made of composite material, a wear layer - a resistant composite is applied -, between which the insulation (6), evaporator sections (7), consisting of aluminum tubes ( 8) through which the coolant flows and which are fixed by longitudinal and transverse reinforcements (9) with star-shaped holes (10), are mounted on an aluminum sheet (11), therefore, the size of The aluminum sheet (11) with the evaporator sections (7) installed on it corresponds to the size of the niche for the evaporator (5) in which this structure is installed.
El dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a bajas temperaturas con un principio de enfriamiento modular, que incluye una cápsula (1), que consta del módulo de techo (3.1) con refrigerante montado en la pared superior interior del contenedor de transporte, dos módulos laterales (3.2) con refrigerante montado en las paredes laterales internas del contenedor (2) de envío, un módulo de suelo (3.3) montado en la pared inferior interior del contenedor de transporte, dos módulos de puerta (3.4), montados en la parte frontal de la cápsula, realizados en forma de paralelepípedo y unidos entre sí con juntas de bloqueo, protegiendo el contenido de la cápsula (1) de daños mecánicos externos, y también simplificando el diseño de la cápsula del dispositivo. The device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures with a modular cooling principle, including a capsule (1), consisting of the roof module (3.1) with coolant mounted on the upper inner wall of the transport container, two side modules (3.2) with refrigerant mounted on the inner side walls of the shipping container (2), a floor module (3.3) mounted on the inner bottom wall of the shipping container, two door modules (3.4), mounted on the front of the capsule, made in the shape of a parallelepiped and joined together with locking joints, protecting the contents of the capsule (1) from external mechanical damage, and also simplifying the design of the device capsule.
Las secciones del evaporador (7), que consisten en tubos de aluminio (8) a través de los cuales fluye el refrigerante creando un intercambio de calor, están montadas sobre una lámina de aluminio (11) y montadas en un nicho para el evaporador (5). Además, la construcción modular de la cápsula (1) del dispositivo le permite aumentar el tiempo de enfriamiento de la cápsula debido a la distribución uniforme de los módulos en toda la superficie interna de la cápsula (1) del dispositivo. The evaporator sections (7), consisting of aluminum tubes (8) through which the refrigerant flows creating heat exchange, are mounted on an aluminum sheet (11) and mounted in a niche for the evaporator ( 5). In addition, the modular construction of the capsule (1) of the device allows you to increase the cooling time of the capsule due to the uniform distribution of modules over the entire internal surface of the capsule (1) of the device.
Asimismo, las paredes exteriores del módulo, fabricadas en composite, y el aislamiento (6) situado entre ellas permiten aumentar la acumulación de calor en las paredes exteriores de los módulos, lo que también permite aumentar el tiempo de enfriamiento de la cápsula. Los tubos de aluminio (8) pasan a través de orificios en forma de estrella (10) realizados en los refuerzos (9) para aumentar la rigidez estructural de las secciones del evaporador (7) y evitar la aparición de golpes de ariete al acelerar y frenar el vehículo cuando está en movimiento. Likewise, the outer walls of the module, made of composite, and the insulation (6) located between them allow the accumulation of heat to increase in the outer walls of the modules, which also increases the cooling time of the capsule. The aluminum tubes (8) pass through star-shaped holes (10) made in the reinforcements (9) to increase rigidity structural of the evaporator sections (7) and prevent the appearance of water hammer when accelerating and braking the vehicle when it is in motion.
El resultado técnico reivindicado se consigue gracias a que el dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a bajas temperaturas con un principio de refrigeración modular incluye dos módulos laterales con secciones de evaporador de igual superficie que las paredes laterales interiores del contenedor de transporte, un módulo de techo con secciones del evaporador ¡guales en área a la pared superior interior del contenedor de envío y al módulo de piso, a los módulos de puerta y al módulo trasero. Los módulos están interconectados mediante juntas de bloqueo, lo que permite su montaje y desmontaje localmente sin necesidad de utilizar medios técnicos. The claimed technical result is achieved thanks to the fact that the device for storing and transporting goods at low temperatures with a modular refrigeration principle includes two side modules with evaporator sections of equal surface area to the inner side walls of the transport container, a roof module with evaporator sections equal in area to the interior top wall of the shipping container and to the floor module, door modules and rear module. The modules are interconnected by locking joints, allowing them to be assembled and dismantled locally without the need for technical means.
Esta disposición de módulos mejora las propiedades de enfriamiento de la cápsula y, por lo tanto, aumenta el tiempo necesario para mantener la temperatura de enfriamiento de la cápsula. Y también al instalar secciones de evaporador en todos los nichos para el evaporador de los módulos laterales y de techo, la distribución de la masa de la cápsula mejora significativamente, lo que conduce a un aumento de la resistencia estructural. This arrangement of modules improves the cooling properties of the capsule and therefore increases the time required to maintain the cooling temperature of the capsule. And also by installing evaporator sections in all evaporator niches of the side and roof modules, the mass distribution of the capsule is significantly improved, which leads to an increase in structural strength.
Las secciones del evaporador están fijadas por el interior a una chapa de aluminio, lo que aumenta la densidad de la estructura. Las paredes exteriores de los módulos están hechas de material compuesto, lo que aumenta la acumulación de calor y prolonga el tiempo de enfriamiento de la cápsula. Entre las paredes exteriores del módulo hay aislamiento, lo que también aumenta la acumulación de calor y afecta el mantenimiento de la temperatura requerida dentro de la cápsula. Las secciones del evaporador están fijadas mediante refuerzos longitudinales y transversales con orificios en forma de estrella, lo que reduce la probabilidad de que se produzcan golpes de ariete durante la aceleración o el frenado y también aumenta la resistencia de la estructura. The evaporator sections are fixed on the inside to an aluminum sheet, which increases the density of the structure. The outer walls of the modules are made of composite material, which increases heat build-up and prolongs the capsule's cooling time. Between the outer walls of the module there is insulation, which also increases heat accumulation and affects the maintenance of the required temperature inside the capsule. The evaporator sections are fixed using longitudinal and transverse stiffeners with star-shaped holes, which reduces the likelihood of water hammer during acceleration or braking, and also increases the strength of the structure.
Las figuras 12 y 13 muestran una realización de la solución técnica propuesta para un contenedor de envío estándar de 10 pies (3 metros). Figures 12 and 13 show an embodiment of the proposed technical solution for a standard 10-foot (3-meter) shipping container.
Se realizó un experimento en el que se puso a prueba el prototipo y la técnica planteada. Los dispositivos descritos en el prototipo y en la solución técnica reivindicada se instalaron en contenedores de transporte de 3 metros y se cargaron en plataformas de transporte idénticas. Estas plataformas de transporte fueron enviadas a lo largo de una ruta de 800 km desde la región de Moscú hasta la región de Krasnodar, donde la temperatura ambiente oscilaba entre 26°C y 32°C. Al mismo tiempo, la temperatura del aire en las cápsulas en el momento del inicio del movimiento fue registrada mediante termómetros y ascendió a 6°C. Se colocaron termómetros en la parte superior e inferior para controlar la temperatura de manera uniforme. An experiment was carried out in which the prototype and the proposed technique were tested. The devices described in the prototype and in the technical solution claimed were installed in 3 meter shipping containers and loaded onto identical transport platforms. These transport platforms were sent along an 800 km route from the Moscow region to the Krasnodar region, where the ambient temperature ranged from 26°C to 32°C. At the same time, the air temperature in the capsules at the time of the start of movement was recorded using thermometers and amounted to 6°C. Thermometers were placed at the top and bottom to monitor the temperature evenly.
Ambas plataformas de transporte cubrieron la primera mitad del viaje en 6 horas. La temperatura del aire en el dispositivo descrito en el prototipo, en el momento de la primera parada, era de 8°C, y en el dispositivo reivindicado se mantuvo en 6°C. Al llegar al destino 5 horas más tarde, la temperatura del aire en el dispositivo descrito en el prototipo ya era de 11 °C, mientras que en el dispositivo reivindicado la temperatura era de 7°C. Se llevaron a cabo más pruebas durante una parada nocturna, cuando la temperatura ambiente oscilaba entre 18°C y 24°C. En estas condiciones, ambos dispositivos se mantuvieron durante 8 horas. Both transport platforms covered the first half of the trip in 6 hours. The air temperature in the device described in the prototype, at the time of the first stop, was 8°C, and in the claimed device it was maintained at 6°C. Upon arrival at the destination 5 hours later, the air temperature in the device described in the prototype was already 11°C, while in the claimed device the temperature was 7°C. Further tests were carried out during a night stop, when the ambient temperature ranged between 18°C and 24°C. Under these conditions, both devices were kept for 8 hours.
Al mismo tiempo, se midió la temperatura: en el dispositivo descrito en el prototipo la temperatura era de 16°C, lo que no cumple con los requisitos de temperatura de almacenamiento para una determinada gama de productos, y en el dispositivo de la solución técnica propuesta la temperatura era 9°C. Durante las siguientes tres horas, la temperatura ambiente aumentó a 32°C, mientras que la temperatura en el dispositivo descrito en el prototipo fue de 18°C y el dispositivo de la solución técnica propuesta fue de 11°C. Así, la duración del experimento fue de 22 horas, mientras que el dispositivo de la solución técnica propuesta se calienta un 30% más lentamente en relación al dispositivo descrito en el prototipo, es decir, el tiempo para mantener la temperatura de enfriamiento requerida de la cápsula es de 30 % más extenso. At the same time, the temperature was measured: in the device described in the prototype the temperature was 16°C, which does not meet the storage temperature requirements for a certain range of products, and in the device of the technical solution The proposed temperature was 9°C. During the next three hours, the ambient temperature increased to 32°C, while the temperature in the device described in the prototype was 18°C and the device in the proposed technical solution was 11°C. Thus, the duration of the experiment was 22 hours, while the device of the proposed technical solution heats up 30% more slowly in relation to the device described in the prototype, that is, the time to maintain the required cooling temperature of the capsule is 30% larger.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un dispositivo para almacenar y transportar mercancías a baja temperatura, que incluye una cápsula monolítica reforzada hecha de un material termoaislante, realizada en una forma correspondiente a las dimensiones internas del contenedor de envío, un módulo de techo con refrigerante, realizado en forma de un paralelepípedo monolítico, de tamaño correspondiente al área de la superficie lateral de la cápsula y conectado con la superficie lateral de la cápsula, dentro del cual se coloca un intercambiador de calor con un evaporador y un líquido acumulador de calor. 1. A device for storing and transporting goods at low temperature, including a reinforced monolithic capsule made of a heat-insulating material, made in a shape corresponding to the internal dimensions of the shipping container, a roof module with a coolant, made in the form of a monolithic parallelepiped, of size corresponding to the area of the lateral surface of the capsule and connected to the lateral surface of the capsule, inside which a heat exchanger with an evaporator and a heat accumulating liquid is placed.
2. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 1 , en el que la cápsula tiene un diseño modular, incluyendo el módulo de techo, módulos laterales, un módulo de piso, módulos de puerta y un módulo trasero, los cuales están conectados, encontrándose ubicadas en los módulos laterales y de techo secciones evaporadoras con refrigerante. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the capsule has a modular design, including the roof module, side modules, a floor module, door modules and a rear module, which are connected, being located in the side and roof modules evaporator sections with refrigerant.
3. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 2, en el que los módulos con secciones de evaporador están conectados entre sí mediante juntas de bloqueo y son desmontables. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the modules with evaporator sections are connected to each other by locking joints and are removable.
4. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 2, en el que el evaporador comprende unas secciones realizadas en forma de refuerzos longitudinales y transversales. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the evaporator comprises sections made in the form of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements.
5. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 4 en el que los refuerzos tienen orificios en forma de estrella con posibilidad de colocar en ellos tubos de aluminio para el paso del refrigerante. 5. The device according to claim 4 in which the reinforcements have star-shaped holes with the possibility of placing aluminum tubes in them for the passage of the coolant.
6. El dispositivo, según la reivindicación 1 en el que las paredes de los módulos están hechas de material compuesto. 6. The device according to claim 1 wherein the walls of the modules are made of composite material.
7. El dispositivo, según la reivindicación 1, que comprende un aislamiento entre las paredes de los módulos. 7. The device according to claim 1, comprising insulation between the walls of the modules.
8. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 2, en el que las secciones del evaporador están fijadas a una lámina de aluminio. 8. The device according to claim 2, wherein the evaporator sections are fixed to an aluminum sheet.
9. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 2, en el que las secciones del evaporador están ubicadas en nichos definidos en las paredes exteriores de los módulos. 9. The device according to claim 2, wherein the evaporator sections are located in defined niches in the outer walls of the modules.
PCT/ES2024/070027 2023-01-18 2024-01-16 Device for storing and transporting goods at a low temperature WO2024153846A1 (en)

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ES2239693T3 (en) * 2001-02-28 2005-10-01 High Technology Participation S.A. CONSERVATION DEVICE PARTICULARLY FOR PRODUCTS BELONGING TO A PRESET TEMPERATURE.
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