WO2024021938A1 - Two-terminal stacked solar cell based on mxene material interconnection, and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a two-terminal stacked solar cell based on MXene material interconnection, comprising a perovskite bottom cell, a MXene material interconnection layer, and a perovskite top cell. The MXene material interconnection layer is deposited on the perovskite bottom cell, and the perovskite top cell is bonded onto the MXene material interconnection layer. A preparation method for the two-terminal stacked solar cell comprises: respectively preparing the perovskite bottom cell and the perovskite top cell; depositing the MXene material interconnection layer on the perovskite bottom cell; and bonding the perovskite top cell to the MXene material interconnection layer, and connecting by curing a curable adhesive. According to the present invention, the perovskite bottom cell and the perovskite top cell are mechanically stacked to form the all-perovskite two-terminal stacked solar cell, electrical series connection and optical coupling between the top cell and the bottom cell can be effectively implemented, and the difficulty of the preparation process of stacked cells is reduced.

Description

Two-terminal tandem solar cells based on MXene material interconnection and preparation method thereof Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a full perovskite two-terminal stacked solar cell based on MXene material interconnection and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and low-cost preparation methods, and have been rapidly developed and applied. According to existing reports, in the application of perovskite materials in solar cells, the efficiency of single-junction cells has reached 25.7%, which is close to the highest efficiency of current mainstream silicon-based solar cells. Organic solar cells are similar to perovskite solar cells. The band gap and open circuit voltage are easy to control. However, the maximum efficiency of single-junction cells is limited by the Shockley-Quisser limit. Therefore, in order to further improve the efficiency of solar cells, stacked cells The exploration has become the only way for related work, among which perovskite/organic tandem batteries have received widespread attention.

Full-perovskite tandem solar cells composed of perovskite bottom cells and perovskite top cells can be divided into two-terminal stacks and four-terminal stacks, each with its own advantages. Among them, the four-terminal stacked battery requires the preparation of two complete and mutually independent battery structures, and then the two batteries are simply stacked and pressed together. The two batteries do not affect each other, but it increases the preparation cost, and there are too many An excessively thick stacked structure will also cause additional light loss and have a greater impact on cell efficiency. The two-terminal stack is to prepare a perovskite top cell based on a perovskite bottom cell as a substrate. The main challenge is: 1) How to achieve electrical series connection and optical coupling between the top cell and the bottom cell; 2) The top battery is prepared using the bottom battery as a substrate. In order to avoid damage to the bottom battery, the preparation process of the top battery is subject to greater restrictions. For example, the process temperature of the top battery cannot exceed the maximum withstand temperature of the bottom battery.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a two-terminal laminated solar cell based on MXene material interconnection and a preparation method thereof, which enables effective electrical series connection and optical coupling between the perovskite bottom cell and the perovskite top cell. , and reduce the difficulty of the preparation process of all-perovskite tandem batteries.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A two-terminal tandem solar cell based on MXene material interconnection, which includes a perovskite bottom cell, an MXene material interconnection layer and a perovskite top cell; the MXene material interconnection layer is deposited on the calcium On the titanium bottom cell, the perovskite top cell is bonded to the MXene material interconnect layer.

Specifically, the material of the MXene material interconnection layer is Nb ₂ CT _x .

Specifically, the thickness of the MXene material interconnection layer is 50 nm to 200 nm.

In a preferred solution, the perovskite bottom cell includes a first conductive glass substrate, a first electron transport layer, a first perovskite light absorption layer, a first hole transport layer, and a transmission buffer that are stacked in sequence. layer, a first transparent conductive layer and a top electrode layer, the first conductive glass substrate is connected to a first extraction electrode; the perovskite top cell includes a second conductive glass substrate, a second hole and a second conductive glass substrate that are stacked in sequence. The transmission layer, the second perovskite light absorption layer, the second electron transmission layer and the second transparent conductive layer, the second conductive glass substrate is connected to a second lead-out electrode; wherein, the MXene material interconnect layer is deposited and formed on On the top electrode layer, the second transparent conductive layer is bonded to the MXene material interconnect layer.

In another preferred solution, the perovskite bottom cell includes a first conductive glass substrate, a first hole transport layer, a first perovskite light absorption layer, a first electron transport layer, a transport layer, and a first conductive glass substrate, a first hole transport layer, and a first electron transport layer. Buffer layer, first transparent conductive layer and top electrode layer, the first conductive glass substrate is connected with a first extraction electrode; the perovskite top cell includes a second conductive glass substrate, a second electron conductor and a second conductive glass substrate that are stacked in sequence. A transmission layer, a second perovskite light absorption layer, a second hole transport layer and a second transparent conductive layer, and a second extraction electrode is connected to the second conductive glass substrate; wherein, the MXene material interconnect layer is deposited to form On the top electrode layer, the second transparent conductive layer is bonded to the MXene material interconnect layer.

Specifically, in the perovskite bottom cell, the first conductive glass substrate is ITO conductive glass, the material of the first electron transport layer is SnO ₂ , and the material of the first perovskite light absorption layer is MA _0.72 FA _0.28 Pb(I _0.85 Cl _0.15 ) ₃ , the material of the first hole transport layer is Spiro-OMeTAD, the material of the transport buffer layer is MoO _x , the material of the first transparent conductive layer is IZO, so The material of the top electrode layer and the first extraction electrode is Ag; in the perovskite top cell, the second conductive glass substrate is ITO conductive glass, and the material of the second hole transport layer is PTAA, The material of the second perovskite light absorption layer is FA _0.65 MA _0.2 Cs _0.15 Pb(I _0.8 Br _0.2 ) ₃ or FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 PbI _2.8 Cl _0.2 , and the material of the second electron transport layer is SnO ₂ , The material of the second transparent conductive layer is IZO, and the material of the second extraction electrode is Ag.

More specifically, in the perovskite bottom battery, the thickness of the first conductive glass substrate is 0.5 mm ~ 1 mm and has a 50 nm ~ 200 nm thick ITO conductive layer, and the thickness of the first electron transport layer is 50 nm ~ 100nm, the thickness of the first perovskite light absorption layer is 300nm~600nm, the thickness of the first hole transport layer is 10nm~100nm, the thickness of the transmission buffer layer is 10nm~80nm, the first transparent conductive layer The thickness of the layer is 50nm~200nm, and the thickness of the top electrode layer and the first extraction electrode is The thickness is 30nm~150nm respectively; in the perovskite top cell, the thickness of the second conductive glass substrate is 0.5mm~1mm and has an ITO conductive layer with a thickness of 50nm~200nm, and the second hole transport layer is The thickness is 10nm～100nm, the thickness of the second perovskite light absorption layer is 300nm～600nm, the thickness of the second electron transport layer is 50nm～100nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive layer is 50nm～200nm. , the thickness of the second extraction electrode is 30nm~150nm.

The preparation method of a two-terminal tandem solar cell as described above, which includes:

Preparing and obtaining the perovskite bottom battery and the perovskite top battery respectively;

Depositing and forming the MXene material interconnect layer on the perovskite bottom cell;

The perovskite top cell is bonded to the MXene material interconnect layer and solidified and connected using curing glue.

In a preferred solution, the preparation of the two-terminal tandem solar cell includes the following steps:

Provide a first conductive glass substrate, and sequentially prepare a first electron transport layer, a first perovskite light absorption layer, a first hole transport layer, a transport buffer layer and a first stacked layer on the first conductive glass substrate. A transparent conductive layer, depositing a top electrode layer on the first transparent conductive layer and forming a first extraction electrode on the first conductive glass substrate to obtain the perovskite bottom battery;

Apply spin coating, spray coating or screen printing process to prepare and form the MXene material interconnect layer on the top electrode layer;

Provide a second conductive glass substrate, and sequentially prepare a stacked second hole transport layer, a first perovskite light absorption layer, a second electron transport layer and a second transparent conductive layer on the second conductive glass substrate , and prepare and form a second extraction electrode on the second conductive glass substrate to obtain the perovskite top battery;

The second transparent conductive layer is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer, and UV curing glue is applied around the connection interface between the second transparent conductive layer and the MXene material interconnection layer and irradiated with ultraviolet light After curing, the two-terminal tandem solar cell is prepared.

In a preferred solution, the method for two-terminal tandem solar cells includes the following steps:

A first conductive glass substrate is provided, and a first hole transport layer, a first perovskite light absorption layer, a first electron transport layer, a transport buffer layer and a first stacked layer are sequentially prepared on the first conductive glass substrate. A transparent conductive layer, depositing a top electrode layer on the first transparent conductive layer and forming a first extraction electrode on the first conductive glass substrate to obtain the perovskite bottom battery;

Apply spin coating, spray coating or screen printing process to prepare and form the MXene material interconnect layer on the top electrode layer;

A second conductive glass substrate is provided, and a second electron transport layer, a second perovskite light absorption layer, a second hole transport layer and a second transparent conductive layer formed in a stack are sequentially prepared on the second conductive glass substrate. , and prepare and form a second extraction electrode on the second conductive glass substrate to obtain the perovskite top battery;

The second transparent conductive layer is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer, and UV curing glue is applied around the connection interface between the second transparent conductive layer and the MXene material interconnection layer and irradiated with ultraviolet light After curing, the two-terminal tandem solar cell is prepared.

The two-terminal tandem solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention combines the perovskite bottom cell and the perovskite top cell in a mechanical stacking manner through the MXene material interconnection layer to form a full perovskite tandem solar cell: 1. On the other hand, since the MXene material layer is directly prepared on the perovskite bottom cell, the perovskite top cell is bonded to the perovskite bottom cell using mechanical stacking bonding after the preparation is completed, avoiding the traditional stacking at both ends. In the layer cell process, additional processes are carried out on the perovskite bottom cell, which solves the problem of damage to the performance of the bottom cell caused by high temperature, solution and other conditions in the traditional two-terminal stacking process, and reduces the preparation of two-terminal stacked solar cells. Process difficulty; on the other hand, using MXene materials as the intermediate interconnection layer, the perovskite top battery and the perovskite bottom battery are bonded more closely, weakening the current loss caused by direct bonding, making the top battery and the bottom battery It can effectively perform electrical series connection and optical coupling; in addition, MXene materials have the characteristics of high conductivity and good light transmittance, which can reduce the optical and electrical parasitic losses of the battery, allowing the two-terminal tandem solar cells to have excellent performance.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-terminal tandem solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of a two-terminal tandem solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, specific implementation modes of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Examples of these preferred embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the invention shown in and described with reference to the drawings are merely exemplary and the invention is not limited to these embodiments.

Here, it should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and omitted. Other details less relevant to the invention.

Embodiments of the present invention first provide a two-terminal laminated solar cell based on MXene material interconnection. As shown in FIG. 1 , the two-terminal tandem solar cell includes a perovskite bottom cell 10 , an MXene material interconnect layer 30 and a perovskite top cell 20 . The MXene material interconnection layer 30 is deposited on the perovskite bottom cell 10 , and the perovskite top cell 20 is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer 30 .

Preferably, the material of the MXene material interconnect layer 30 is specifically Nb ₂ CT _x . The thickness of the MXene material interconnection layer 30 is 50 nm to 200 nm.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , the perovskite bottom cell 10 includes a first conductive glass substrate 11 , a first electron transport layer 12 , a first perovskite light absorption layer 13 , which are stacked in sequence. The first hole transport layer 14 , the transport buffer layer 15 , the first transparent conductive layer 16 and the top electrode layer 17 , and the first lead-out electrode 18 is connected to the first conductive glass substrate 11 . The perovskite top cell 20 includes a second conductive glass substrate 21, a second hole transport layer 22, a second perovskite light absorption layer 23, a second electron transport layer 24 and a second transparent conductive layer which are stacked in sequence. layer 25, and a second extraction electrode 26 is connected to the second conductive glass substrate 21.

Wherein, the MXene material interconnection layer 30 is deposited on the top electrode layer 17, and the second transparent conductive layer 25 in the perovskite top cell 20 is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer 30, that is, , the perovskite top cell 20 is bonded to the MXene material interconnect layer 30 in an inverted state.

In other embodiments, referring to FIG. 1 , the stacking positions of the first electron transport layer 12 and the first hole transport layer 14 in the perovskite bottom cell 10 can be interchanged, that is, the perovskite bottom cell 10 The bottom cell 10 includes a first conductive glass substrate 11, a first hole transport layer 14, a first perovskite light absorption layer 13, a first electron transport layer 12, a transport buffer layer 15, a first transparent conductive layer 15 and a first conductive glass substrate 11 which are stacked in sequence. layer 16 and a top electrode layer 17, and a first lead-out electrode 18 is connected to the first conductive glass substrate 11. At this time, correspondingly, the stacking positions of the second electron transport layer 24 and the second hole transport layer 22 in the perovskite top cell 20 also need to be interchanged, that is, the perovskite top cell 20 includes The second conductive glass substrate 21, the second electron transport layer 24, the second perovskite light absorption layer 23, the second hole transport layer 22 and the second transparent conductive layer 25 are stacked in sequence, and in the second The second extraction electrode 26 is connected to the conductive glass substrate 21 .

As a preferred technical solution, in this embodiment, in the perovskite bottom cell 10: the first conductive glass substrate 11 is ITO conductive glass, the material of the first electron transport layer 12 is SnO ₂ , and the The material of the first perovskite light absorption layer 13 is MA _0.72 FA _0.28 Pb(I _0.85 Cl _0.15 ) ₃ , the material of the first hole transport layer 14 is Spiro-OMeTAD, and the material of the transmission buffer layer 15 is MoO _x , the first transparent The material of the conductive layer 16 is IZO, and the material of the top electrode layer 17 and the first extraction electrode 18 is Ag.

Further, in the perovskite bottom battery 10: the first conductive glass substrate 11 has a thickness of 0.5 mm ~ 1 mm and has a 50 nm ~ 200 nm thick ITO conductive layer, and the thickness of the first electron transport layer 12 is 50nm～100nm, the thickness of the first perovskite light absorption layer 13 is 300nm～600nm, the thickness of the first hole transport layer 14 is 10nm～100nm, and the thickness of the transmission buffer layer 15 is 10nm～80nm. The thickness of the first transparent conductive layer 16 is 50 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness of the top electrode layer 17 and the first extraction electrode 18 is respectively 30 nm to 150 nm.

As a preferred technical solution, in this embodiment, in the perovskite top cell 20: the second conductive glass substrate 21 is ITO conductive glass, the material of the second hole transport layer 22 is PTAA, and the The material of the second perovskite light absorption layer 23 is FA _0.65 MA _0.2 Cs _0.15 Pb(I _0.8 Br _0.2 ) ₃ or FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 PbI _2.8 Cl _0.2 , and the material of the second electron transport layer 24 is SnO ₂ , The material of the second transparent conductive layer 25 is IZO, and the material of the second extraction electrode 26 is Ag.

Further, in the perovskite top cell 10, the thickness of the second conductive glass substrate 21 is 0.5 mm to 1 mm and has an ITO conductive layer of 50 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness of the second hole transport layer 22 is The thickness of the second perovskite light absorption layer 23 is 300nm to 600nm, the thickness of the second electron transport layer 24 is 50nm to 100nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive layer 25 is 50nm. ~200nm, and the thickness of the second extraction electrode 26 is 30nm ~ 150nm.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for preparing a two-terminal tandem solar cell as described above, which includes: first preparing the perovskite bottom cell 10 and the perovskite top cell 20 respectively; The MXene material interconnection layer 30 is deposited on the perovskite bottom cell 10; then the perovskite top cell 20 is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer 30 and solidified and connected using curing glue.

Specifically, in this embodiment, referring to Figure 2, the preparation of the two-terminal tandem solar cell includes the following steps:

Step S10: Provide a first conductive glass substrate 11, and sequentially prepare a stacked first electron transport layer 12, a first perovskite light absorption layer 13, and a first hole transport layer on the first conductive glass substrate 11. layer 14, a transmission buffer layer 15 and a first transparent conductive layer 16. A top electrode layer 17 is deposited on the first transparent conductive layer 16 and a first extraction electrode 18 (top electrode) is formed on the first conductive glass substrate 11. The layer 17 and the first extraction electrode 18 are deposited simultaneously) to obtain the perovskite bottom cell 10.

Step S20: Prepare and form the MXene material interconnection layer 30 on the top electrode layer 17 using a spin coating, spray coating or screen printing process.

Step S30: Provide a second conductive glass substrate 21, and sequentially prepare a stacked second hole transport layer 22, a second perovskite light absorption layer 23, and a second electron transport layer on the second conductive glass substrate 21. layer 24 and a second transparent conductive layer 25, and a second extraction electrode 26 is formed on the second conductive glass substrate 21 to obtain the perovskite top cell 20.

Step S40: Bond the second transparent conductive layer 25 to the MXene material interconnection layer 30, and apply ultraviolet light around the connection interface between the second transparent conductive layer 25 and the MXene material interconnection layer 30. The glue is cured and cured by ultraviolet light irradiation to prepare the two-terminal tandem solar cell.

In some other embodiments, in step S10 of preparing the perovskite bottom cell 10 , the first hole transport layer 14 and the first perovskite light absorber may be sequentially formed on the first conductive glass substrate 11 layer 13, and then prepare and form the first electron transport layer 12 on the first perovskite light absorption layer 13, that is, the stacking positions of the first electron transport layer 12 and the first hole transport layer 14 are exchanged. And correspondingly, in the step S20 of preparing the perovskite top cell 20, it is necessary to sequentially prepare and form the second electron transport layer 24 and the second perovskite light absorption layer 23 on the second conductive glass substrate 21. Then, a second hole transport layer 22 is formed on the second perovskite light absorption layer 23 , that is, the stacking positions of the second electron transport layer 24 and the second hole transport layer 22 are also interchanged.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a two-terminal laminated solar cell based on MXene material interconnection and a preparation method thereof. Combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2, its specific preparation process includes the following steps:

1. Preparation of perovskite bottom battery

11) Cleaning the ITO conductive glass substrate 11: Put the ITO conductive glass substrate 11 into Decon-90 aqueous solution, deionized water, and absolute ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 20 minutes respectively.

12) UV-O3 treatment of ITO conductive glass substrate 11: Place the cleaned ITO conductive glass substrate 11 in UV-Ozone for 15 to 30 minutes.

13) Prepare the first electron transport layer 12: Spin-coat 80 μL of SnO ₂ sol on the UV-Ozone-treated ITO conductive glass substrate 11 at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm for 30 seconds in an air environment, and place it on a hot stage. Annealing was performed at 150°C for 30 minutes in an air atmosphere to obtain the first electron transport layer 12 made of SnO ₂ .

14) Prepare the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 by a two-step method: Place the substrate obtained in step 13) in a glove box in an N ₂ environment, and spin-coat 80 μL of PbI ₂ /PbCl ₂ mixed solution on the On the first electron transport layer 12, continue to spin-coat 80 μL of MAI/FAI mixed solution, and finally spin-coat the The substrate was placed on a hot stage at 100°C and annealed for 10 minutes, thereby preparing a first perovskite light absorption layer 13 made of MA _0.72 FA _0.28 Pb(I _0.85 Cl _0.15 ) ₃ on the first electron transport layer 12 .

Among them, the PbI ₂ /PbCl ₂ mixed solution is prepared as follows: Dissolve 626.9 mg of PbI ₂ powder and 66.7 mg of PbCl ₂ powder in 1 mL of DMF (dimethylformamide), and stir at 72°C until completely dissolved. A PbI ₂ /PbCl ₂ mixed solution was obtained. The MAI/FAI mixed solution is prepared as follows: Dissolve 70 mg of MAI (methylammonium iodide) powder and 30 mg of FAI (formamidine hydroiodide) powder in 1 mL of IPA (isopropyl alcohol) and 10 μL of DMF. solution, stir at room temperature until completely dissolved to obtain a MAI/FAI mixed solution.

15) Prepare the first hole transport layer 14: Place the substrate obtained in step 14) in a glove box in an _N2 environment, spin-coat 80 μL of Spiro-OMeTAD solution on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13, and spin-coat After completion, the substrate is dried at room temperature, thereby preparing a first hole transport layer 14 made of Spiro-OMeTAD on the perovskite light absorption layer 13 .

Among them, the Spiro-OMeTAD solution is prepared as follows: Take 90 mg of Spiro-OMeTAD powder and dissolve it in 1 mL of CB (chlorobenzene), 45 μL Li salt (170 mg/ml), 75 μL Co salt (100 mg/ml) and 75 μL tBP. In the mixed solution, stir at room temperature until completely dissolved to obtain Spiro-OMeTAD solution.

16) Prepare the transmission buffer layer 15: Use an evaporation process to deposit a MoO _x thin film layer with a thickness of 30 nm on the first hole transport layer 14 to prepare a transmission buffer layer 15 made of MoO _x .

17) Preparing the first transparent conductive layer 16: Using a magnetron sputtering process, deposit an IZO thin film layer with a thickness of 80 nm on the transmission buffer layer 15 to prepare the first transparent conductive layer 16 made of IZO.

18) Prepare the top electrode layer 17 and the first lead-out electrode 18: use an evaporation process to evaporate an Ag film with a thickness of 100 nm on the first transparent conductive layer 16 and the ITO conductive glass substrate 11 at the same time, so that on the first transparent conductive layer 16 A top electrode layer 17 made of Ag is prepared on the layer 16 , and a first extraction electrode 18 made of Ag is prepared on the ITO conductive glass substrate 11 .

Based on the above steps 11) to 18), a perovskite bottom battery 10 is prepared.

2. Preparation of MXene material interconnection layer

Using an electrospinning process, an MXene material interconnect layer 30 with a thickness of 100 nm was prepared on the top electrode layer 17 of the perovskite bottom cell 10 prepared above.

3. Preparation of perovskite top cells

21) Provide another ITO conductive glass substrate 21, and perform cleaning treatment and UV-Ozone treatment with reference to the aforementioned steps 11) and 12).

22) Prepare the second hole transport layer 22: Place the ITO conductive glass substrate 21 in a glove box in an _N2 environment, and use a glue spreader to spin-coat 80 μL of the PATT solution on the ITO conductive glass substrate 21. After the spin coating is completed Place it on a hot stage and anneal to prepare a second hole transport layer 22 made of PATT.

23) Prepare the second perovskite light absorption layer 23: dissolve 145.3 mg FAI, 29.1 mg MABr, 50.7 mg CsI, 479.4 mg PbI ₂ , 95.4 mg PbBr ₂ and 3.4 mg Pb(SCN) ₂ In 1mL of a mixed solvent of dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), the volume ratio of DMF to NMP is 4:1, stir at room temperature until completely dissolved to obtain FA _0.65 MA _0.2 Cs _0.15 Pb(I _0.8 Br _0.2 ) ₃ solution; place the substrate treated in step 22) in a glove box in an N ₂ environment, and use a glue leveler to spin-coat FA _0.65 MA _0.2 Cs _0.15 Pb(I _0.8 Br _0.2 ) ₃ solution On the second hole transport layer 22, after the spin coating is completed, it is placed on a hot table and annealed to prepare a second perovskite light absorption layer 23 made of FA _0.65 MA _0.2 Cs _0.15 Pb(I _0.8 Br _0.2 ) ₃ .

24) Prepare the second electron transport layer 24: Use an atomic layer deposition process to deposit a material for SnO ₂ , deposit a SnO ₂ thin film layer on the second perovskite light absorption layer 23, and prepare a second electron transport layer whose material is SnO ₂ Layer 24.

25) Prepare the second transparent conductive layer 25: Use a magnetron sputtering process to deposit an IZO thin film layer with a thickness of 80 nm on the second electron transport layer 24 to prepare a second transparent conductive layer 25 made of IZO.

26) Preparation of the second lead-out electrode 26: Using an evaporation process, Ag is used as the material to prepare and form the second lead-out electrode 26 on the ITO conductive glass substrate 21.

Based on the above steps 21) to 26), a perovskite top battery 20 is prepared.

4. Mechanical stacking bonding of perovskite bottom cells and perovskite top cells

Turn the perovskite top cell 20 upside down, so that the second transparent conductive layer 25 of the perovskite top cell 20 is attached to the MXene material interconnection layer 30, around the connection interface between the second transparent conductive layer 25 and the MXene material interconnection layer 30. UV curing glue is applied and cured by UV irradiation to achieve mechanical stacking bonding of the perovskite bottom cell 10 and the perovskite top cell 20 to prepare the all-perovskite two-terminal tandem solar cell of this embodiment.

Example 2

The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that in Example 2, the MXene prepared in step 2 The thickness of material interconnection layer 30 is 50 nm. The remaining process steps of Embodiment 2 are exactly the same as those of Embodiment 1, and therefore will not be described again.

Example 3

The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that in Example 3, step 23) prepares a second perovskite light-absorbing layer 23 made of FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 PbI _2.8 Cl _0.2 . Its preparation process is as follows:

Dissolve 142.8 mg FAI, 461 mg PbI ₂ , 44.2 mg CsI, 27.8 mg PbCl ₂ and 2.7609 mg KPF ₆ in a mixed solvent of DMF and NMP (DMF: 500 μL; NMP: 96 μL), and stir for 6 hours at room temperature to obtain a precursor solution for later use.

Place the substrate obtained in step 22) in a glove box in an _N2 environment, and use a glue leveler to spin-coat 85 μL of the precursor solution onto the second hole transport layer 22 at a rotation speed of 5000 rpm. After spin coating, perform step-by-step annealing. First transfer the spin-coated substrate to a hot stage at 70°C for annealing for 5 minutes, then transfer to an environment with a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 40%, and anneal at a temperature of 150°C for 10 minutes. , thereby preparing a second perovskite light absorption layer 23 whose material is FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 PbI _2.8 Cl _0.2 on the second hole transport layer 22 .

The remaining process steps of Embodiment 3 are exactly the same as those of Embodiment 1, and therefore will not be described again.

In summary, the two-terminal tandem solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention combines the perovskite bottom cell and the perovskite top cell in a mechanical stacking manner through the MXene material interconnection layer to form a full perovskite stack. Layer solar cells: On the one hand, since the MXene material layer is directly prepared on the perovskite bottom cell, the perovskite top cell is bonded to the perovskite bottom cell using mechanical stacking bonding after the preparation is completed, avoiding the need for In the traditional two-terminal stacked battery process, additional processes are performed on the perovskite bottom cell, which solves the problem of damage to the performance of the bottom battery caused by high temperature, solution and other conditions in the traditional two-terminal stacked process, and reduces the cost of the two-terminal stacked battery. The difficulty of the preparation process of layer solar cells; on the other hand, using MXene materials as the intermediate interconnection layer, the perovskite top cell and the perovskite bottom cell are bonded more closely, weakening the current loss caused by direct bonding, making the top cell It can effectively perform electrical series connection and optical coupling with the bottom cell; in addition, the MXene material has the characteristics of high conductivity and good light transmittance, which can reduce the optical and electrical parasitic losses of the battery, making the two-terminal tandem solar cell can Has excellent performance.

It should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical concepts and characteristics of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. This does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. . All equivalent changes or modifications made based on the spirit and essence of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A two-terminal laminated solar cell based on MXene material interconnection, characterized by including a perovskite bottom cell, an MXene material interconnection layer and a perovskite top cell; the MXene material interconnection layer is deposited on the perovskite On the mine bottom battery, the perovskite top battery is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer.
2. The two-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the material of the MXene material interconnect layer is specifically Nb ₂ CT _x .
3. The two-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the MXene material interconnection layer is 50 nm to 200 nm.
4. The two-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the perovskite bottom cell includes a first conductive glass substrate, a first electron transport layer, a first perovskite light emitting diode, and a first conductive glass substrate, which are stacked in sequence. The absorption layer, the first hole transport layer, the transport buffer layer, the first transparent conductive layer and the top electrode layer, the first conductive glass substrate is connected to the first extraction electrode; the perovskite top cell includes stacked layers in sequence A second conductive glass substrate, a second hole transport layer, a second perovskite light absorption layer, a second electron transport layer and a second transparent conductive layer are provided, and a second extraction electrode is connected to the second conductive glass substrate ; Wherein, the MXene material interconnection layer is deposited and formed on the top electrode layer, and the second transparent conductive layer is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer.
5. The two-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the perovskite bottom cell includes a first conductive glass substrate, a first hole transport layer, a first perovskite layer and a first conductive glass substrate. A light absorption layer, a first electron transmission layer, a transmission buffer layer, a first transparent conductive layer and a top electrode layer. A first extraction electrode is connected to the first conductive glass substrate; the perovskite top cell includes stacked layers in sequence. A second conductive glass substrate, a second electron transport layer, a second perovskite light absorption layer, a second hole transport layer and a second transparent conductive layer are provided, and a second extraction electrode is connected to the second conductive glass substrate ; Wherein, the MXene material interconnection layer is deposited and formed on the top electrode layer, and the second transparent conductive layer is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer.
6. The two-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the perovskite bottom cell, the first conductive glass substrate is ITO conductive glass, and the first electron transport layer The material is SnO ₂ , the material of the first perovskite light absorption layer is MA _0.72 FA _0.28 Pb(I _0.85 Cl _0.15 ) ₃ , the material of the first hole transport layer is Spiro-OMeTAD, and the transmission buffer The material of the layer is MoO _x , the material of the first transparent conductive layer is IZO, and the material of the top electrode layer and the first extraction electrode is Ag;

   In the perovskite top battery, the second conductive glass substrate is ITO conductive glass, and the second The material of the hole transport layer is PTAA, the material of the second perovskite light absorption layer is FA _0.65 MA _0.2 Cs _0.15 Pb(I _0.8 Br _0.2 ) ₃ or FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 PbI _2.8 Cl _0.2 , and the second The electron transport layer is made of SnO ₂ , the second transparent conductive layer is made of IZO, and the second extraction electrode is made of Ag.
7. The two-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 6, wherein in the perovskite bottom cell, the thickness of the first conductive glass substrate is 0.5 mm ~ 1 mm and has a thickness of 50 nm ~ 200 nm ITO Conductive layer, the thickness of the first electron transport layer is 50nm~100nm, the thickness of the first perovskite light absorption layer is 300nm~600nm, the thickness of the first hole transport layer is 10nm~100nm, so The thickness of the transmission buffer layer is 10nm~80nm, the thickness of the first transparent conductive layer is 50nm~200nm, and the thickness of the top electrode layer and the first extraction electrode is 30nm~150nm respectively;

   In the perovskite top cell, the thickness of the second conductive glass substrate is 0.5 mm ~ 1 mm and has a 50 nm ~ 200 nm thick ITO conductive layer, and the thickness of the second hole transport layer is 10 nm ~ 100 nm, so The thickness of the second perovskite light absorption layer is 300nm~600nm, the thickness of the second electron transport layer is 50nm~100nm, the thickness of the second transparent conductive layer is 50nm~200nm, and the second extraction electrode The thickness is 30nm~150nm.
8. The method for preparing a two-terminal tandem solar cell based on MXene material interconnection according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it includes:

   Preparing and obtaining the perovskite bottom battery and the perovskite top battery respectively;

   Depositing and forming the MXene material interconnect layer on the perovskite bottom cell;

   The perovskite top cell is bonded to the MXene material interconnect layer and solidified and connected using curing glue.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that the preparation method of the two-terminal tandem solar cell includes the following steps:

   Provide a first conductive glass substrate, and sequentially prepare a first electron transport layer, a first perovskite light absorption layer, a first hole transport layer, a transport buffer layer and a first stacked layer on the first conductive glass substrate. A transparent conductive layer, depositing a top electrode layer on the first transparent conductive layer and forming a first extraction electrode on the first conductive glass substrate to obtain the perovskite bottom battery;

   Apply spin coating, spray coating or screen printing process to prepare and form the MXene material interconnect layer on the top electrode layer;

   Provide a second conductive glass substrate, and sequentially prepare and form a laminated device on the second conductive glass substrate. A second hole transport layer, a second perovskite light absorption layer, a second electron transport layer and a second transparent conductive layer are provided, and a second lead-out electrode is prepared and formed on the second conductive glass substrate to obtain the Perovskite top cells;

   The second transparent conductive layer is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer, and UV curing glue is applied around the connection interface between the second transparent conductive layer and the MXene material interconnection layer and irradiated with ultraviolet light After curing, the two-terminal tandem solar cell is prepared.
10. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that the preparation method of the two-terminal tandem solar cell includes the following steps:

    A first conductive glass substrate is provided, and a first hole transport layer, a first perovskite light absorption layer, a first electron transport layer, a transport buffer layer and a first stacked layer are sequentially prepared on the first conductive glass substrate. A transparent conductive layer, depositing a top electrode layer on the first transparent conductive layer and forming a first extraction electrode on the first conductive glass substrate to obtain the perovskite bottom battery;

    Apply spin coating, spray coating or screen printing process to prepare and form the MXene material interconnect layer on the top electrode layer;

    A second conductive glass substrate is provided, and a second electron transport layer, a second perovskite light absorption layer, a second hole transport layer and a second transparent conductive layer formed in a stack are sequentially prepared on the second conductive glass substrate. , and prepare and form a second extraction electrode on the second conductive glass substrate to obtain the perovskite top battery;

    The second transparent conductive layer is bonded to the MXene material interconnection layer, and UV curing glue is applied around the connection interface between the second transparent conductive layer and the MXene material interconnection layer and irradiated with ultraviolet light After curing, the two-terminal tandem solar cell is prepared.