WO2024080689A1 - 음극 및 이차전지 - Google Patents
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- WO2024080689A1 WO2024080689A1 PCT/KR2023/015494 KR2023015494W WO2024080689A1 WO 2024080689 A1 WO2024080689 A1 WO 2024080689A1 KR 2023015494 W KR2023015494 W KR 2023015494W WO 2024080689 A1 WO2024080689 A1 WO 2024080689A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode for a secondary battery and a secondary battery containing the same.
- Secondary batteries are widely applied not only to portable devices, but also to electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles (HEVs) that are driven by an electrical drive source.
- EVs electric vehicles
- HEVs hybrid vehicles
- secondary batteries include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- electrodes such as positive electrodes and negative electrodes may have an electrode active material layer provided on a current collector.
- the present invention seeks to provide a negative electrode for a secondary battery capable of providing a secondary battery with improved rapid charging characteristics, and a secondary battery including the same.
- a first negative electrode active material layer provided on the current collector
- It includes a second negative electrode active material layer provided on the first negative electrode active material layer,
- It provides a negative electrode for a secondary battery in which the porosity of the second negative electrode active material layer is 5% to 20% larger than the porosity of the first negative electrode active material layer.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a secondary battery including the negative electrode, positive electrode, and separator for the secondary battery.
- rapid charging performance can be improved by differently adjusting the porosity of the two layers in the two-layer structure of the negative electrode active material layer. Specifically, the higher the porosity, the more advantageous it is for rapid charging. If the porosity of the upper layer (second negative electrode active material layer) is higher than that of the lower layer (first negative electrode active material layer), the overall porosity is the same, but the porosity of the part close to the electrolyte is higher. It has a high effect and can have an improved fast charging effect.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the chargeable SOC depth for each rate of the cathode manufactured in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- a negative electrode for a secondary battery includes a current collector; A first negative electrode active material layer provided on the current collector; and a second anode active material layer provided on the first anode active material layer, wherein the porosity of the second anode active material layer is 5% to 20% greater than the porosity of the first anode active material layer.
- the porosity of the second negative electrode active material layer is higher than that of the first negative electrode active material layer, the overall porosity is the same, but the porosity of the portion close to the electrolyte is high, resulting in an improved fast charging effect.
- the porosity of the second negative electrode active material layer may be 5% to 20%, for example, 10% to 20% larger than the porosity of the first negative electrode active material layer.
- the larger the difference in porosity the better the fast charging performance, but if the difference in porosity is too large, it can have a negative impact on cell lifespan and durability.
- the porosity of the first negative electrode active material layer and the second negative electrode active material layer may be 15% to 40%, respectively.
- the first and second negative electrode active material layers may include one or more of a point-shaped conductive material, a linear conductive material, and a planar conductive material as a conductive material.
- a point-shaped conductive material a linear conductive material
- a planar conductive material as a conductive material.
- the same type of point-shaped conductive material, linear conductive material, and/or planar conductive material included in the first and second negative electrode active material layers may be used, or different types may be used.
- Examples of the point-shaped conductive material include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, Paneth black, lamp black, and thermal black can be used.
- linear conductive material examples include conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; Conductive tubes such as carbon nanotubes such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); Metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum, and nickel powder; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- planar conductive material examples include graphene.
- the anode conductive material may be 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of each of the first and second anode active material layers.
- the first and second negative electrode active material layers include a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may include a silicon-based active material and a carbon-based active material.
- the carbon-based active material may include artificial graphite and/or natural graphite.
- the silicon-based active material includes at least one of SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), SiM y (M is a metal, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 4), and Si/C.
- the silicon-based active material may include only one type, or two or more types may be included together.
- both negative electrode active material layers of the second layer contain a silicon-based active material, the same type of silicon-based active material may be used, or different types or different combinations of silicon-based active materials may be used in the second layer of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the first and second negative electrode active material layers may contain 1 to 40 parts by weight of the silicon-based active material, for example, 1 to 20 parts by weight, based on a total of 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- the silicon-based active material containing SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) may be a silicon-based composite particle including SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) and pores.
- the SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) corresponds to a matrix within the silicon-based composite particles.
- the SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) may be in a form containing Si and SiO 2 , and the Si may be in a phase. That is, x corresponds to the number ratio of O to Si included in the SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- the silicon-based composite particles include the SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), the discharge capacity of the secondary battery can be improved.
- the silicon-based composite particles may further contain at least one of an Mg compound and a Li compound.
- the Mg compound and Li compound may correspond to a matrix within the silicon-based composite particle.
- the Mg compound and/or Li compound may be present inside and/or on the surface of the SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- the initial efficiency of the battery may be improved by the Mg compound and/or Li compound.
- the Mg compound may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg silicate, Mg silicide, and Mg oxide.
- the Mg silicate may include at least one of Mg 2 SiO 4 and MgSiO 3 .
- the Mg silicide may include Mg 2 Si.
- the Mg oxide may include MgO.
- the Mg element may be included in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, or may be included in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight based on a total of 100% by weight of the silicon-based active material. Specifically, the Mg element may be included in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 8 wt% or 0.8 wt% to 4 wt%. When the above range is satisfied, the Mg compound can be included in an appropriate amount in the silicon-based active material, so the volume change of the silicon-based active material can be easily suppressed during charging and discharging of the battery, and the discharge capacity and initial efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- the Li compound may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Li silicate, Li silicide, and Li oxide.
- the Li silicate may include at least one of Li 2 SiO 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 and Li 2 Si 2 O 5 .
- the Li silicide may include Li 7 Si 2 .
- the Li oxide may include Li 2 O.
- the Li compound may include a lithium silicate form.
- the lithium silicate is expressed as Li a Si b O c (2 ⁇ a ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 2, 2 ⁇ c ⁇ 5), and can be divided into crystalline lithium silicate and amorphous lithium silicate.
- the crystalline lithium silicate may exist in the silicon-based composite particle in the form of at least one type of lithium silicate selected from the group consisting of Li 2 SiO 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , and Li 2 Si 2 O 5
- the amorphous lithium silicate may be Li It may be in the form of a Si b O c (2 ⁇ a ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 2, 2 ⁇ c ⁇ 5), but is not limited to the above form.
- the Li element may be included in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, or may be included in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight based on a total of 100% by weight of the silicon-based active material. Specifically, the Li element may be included in an amount of 0.5% by weight to 8% by weight, and more specifically, it may be included in an amount of 0.5% by weight to 4% by weight.
- the Li compound can be included in an appropriate amount in the silicon-based active material, so the change in volume of the negative electrode active material during charging and discharging of the battery can be easily suppressed, and the discharge capacity and initial efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- the content of the Mg element or Li element can be confirmed through ICP analysis.
- ICP analysis a certain amount (about 0.01 g) of the negative electrode active material is accurately separated, transferred to a platinum crucible, and completely decomposed on a hot plate by adding nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Then, using an induced plasma luminescence spectrometer (ICPAES, Perkin-Elmer 7300), the intensity of the standard solution (5 mg/kg) prepared using the standard solution (5 mg/kg) is measured at the unique wavelength of the Mg element or Li element, and a standard calibration curve is prepared. .
- ICPAES induced plasma luminescence spectrometer
- the pretreated sample solution and blank sample are introduced into the device, the intensity of each is measured to calculate the actual intensity, the concentration of each component is calculated compared to the calibration curve prepared above, and then converted so that the sum of all becomes the theoretical value.
- the Mg element or Li element content of the manufactured silicon-based active material can be analyzed.
- a carbon layer may be provided on the surface and/or inside the pores of the silicon-based composite particle.
- the carbon layer conductivity is imparted to the silicon-based composite particles, and the initial efficiency, lifespan characteristics, and battery capacity characteristics of a secondary battery containing a negative electrode active material containing the silicon-based composite particles can be improved.
- the total weight of the carbon layer may be 5% to 40% by weight based on a total of 100% by weight of the silicon-based composite particles.
- the carbon layer may include at least one of amorphous carbon and crystalline carbon.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the silicon-based active material may be 2 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, specifically 3 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, and more specifically 4 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. When the above range is satisfied, side reactions between the silicon-based composite particles and the electrolyte solution are controlled, and the discharge capacity and initial efficiency of the battery can be effectively implemented.
- the average particle size (D 50 ) can be defined as the particle size corresponding to 50% of the volume accumulation in the particle size distribution curve.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method is generally capable of measuring particle sizes ranging from the submicron region to several millimeters, and can obtain results with high reproducibility and high resolution.
- the silicon-based active material containing Si/C is a composite of Si and C, and is distinguished from silicon carbide, denoted as SiC.
- the silicon carbon composite may be a composite of silicon, graphite, etc., and may form a structure surrounded by graphene or amorphous carbon around a core composite of silicon, graphite, etc. In the silicon carbon composite, silicon may be nano silicon.
- the artificial graphite and the natural graphite may be included in an amount of 60 parts by weight or more and 99 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- the artificial graphite and the natural graphite may be included in a weight ratio of 1:9 to 9:1, for example, 2:8 to 8:2.
- the negative electrode active material in 100 parts by weight of each of the first and second negative electrode active material layers may be included in an amount of 80 parts by weight or more and 99.9 parts by weight or less, preferably 80 parts by weight or more and 90 parts by weight or less. there is.
- the negative electrode active material layer may further include a negative electrode binder in addition to the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode binder may serve to improve adhesion between negative electrode active material particles and adhesion between the negative electrode active material particles and the negative electrode current collector.
- the cathode binder those known in the art can be used, and non-limiting examples include polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride, poly Acrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, Polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, polyacrylic acid, and their hydrogen is replaced by Li, Na or Ca, etc. It may include at least one selected from the
- the negative electrode binder may be included in an amount of 0.1 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer, for example, preferably 0.3 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less, more preferably 0.5 parts by weight or more and 10 parts by weight or less. can be included.
- the thickness of the first and second negative electrode active material layers may be 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 70 ⁇ m or less.
- the negative electrode current collector may be any conductive material without causing chemical changes in the battery, and is not particularly limited.
- the current collector may be copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc.
- a transition metal that adsorbs carbon well such as copper or nickel, can be used as a current collector.
- the thickness of the current collector may be 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, but the thickness of the current collector is not limited thereto.
- Additional embodiments of the present specification provide a secondary battery including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator according to the above-described embodiments.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector and including the positive electrode active material.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer may be 20 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or carbon, nickel, titanium on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , surface treated with silver, etc. may be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 1 to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the positive electrode may include a lithium complex transition metal compound containing nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) as an active material.
- the lithium complex transition metal compound may further include at least one of manganese and aluminum.
- the lithium composite transition metal compound may contain 80 mol% or more of nickel among metals other than lithium, for example, 80 mol% or more and less than 100 mol%.
- the amount of the positive electrode active material in 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material layer is 80 parts by weight or more and 99.9 parts by weight or less, preferably 90 parts by weight or more and 99.9 parts by weight or less, more preferably 95 parts by weight or more and 99.9 parts by weight or less. , and even more preferably, it may be included in an amount of 98 parts by weight or more and 99.9 parts by weight or less.
- the positive electrode active material layer according to the above-described embodiment may further include a positive electrode binder and a conductive material.
- the positive electrode binder may serve to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive electrode active material particles and the positive electrode current collector.
- the anode binder may be those known in the art, and non-limiting examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- Alcohol polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene.
- EPDM -Propylene-diene polymer
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- fluororubber or various copolymers thereof, etc., of which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the positive electrode binder may be included in an amount of 0.1 parts by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material layer, for example, preferably 0.3 parts by weight or more and 35 parts by weight or less, more preferably 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less. can be included.
- the conductive material included in the positive electrode active material layer is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular restrictions as long as it does not cause chemical changes within the battery and has electronic conductivity.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Alternatively, conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the conductive material is a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT); and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.1 parts by weight or more and 2 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the composition for the positive electrode active material layer, for example, preferably 0.3 parts by weight or more and 1.5 parts by weight or less, more preferably 0.5 parts by weight or more and 1.2 parts by weight or less. can be included.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be manufactured according to a conventional manufacturing method of the positive electrode and negative electrode, except for using the positive electrode and negative electrode active materials described above. Specifically, it can be manufactured by applying a composition for forming an active material layer containing the above-described active material and, optionally, a binder and a conductive material onto a current collector, followed by drying and rolling. At this time, the types and contents of the positive and negative electrode active materials, binder, and conductive material are the same as described above.
- the solvent may be a solvent commonly used in the art, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, or Water, etc.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be manufactured by casting the composition for forming the active material layer on a separate support and then peeling off the support and laminating the film obtained on the current collector.
- Additional embodiments of the present specification provide a method of manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery according to the above-described embodiments.
- the manufacturing method is
- Forming a first negative electrode active material layer by coating a first composition including a negative electrode active material and a conductive material on a current collector and rolling it;
- a second composition containing a negative electrode active material and a conductive material is coated and rolled on the first negative electrode active material layer, and the second negative electrode active material layer is formed to have a porosity that is 5% to 20% greater than that of the first negative electrode active material layer. Including forming steps.
- the porosity of the first negative electrode active material layer is adjusted to that of the second negative electrode active material layer. It can be configured differently, more specifically, and larger. For example, after coating the first negative electrode active material layer, rolling is performed to match the target porosity, and then after coating the second negative electrode active material layer, rolling is performed to match the target porosity. Afterwards, drying can be carried out in batches.
- the separator separates the cathode from the anode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move. It can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in secondary batteries. In particular, it has low resistance to ion movement in the electrolyte and has an electrolyte moisturizing ability. Excellent is desirable.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these. A laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc.
- a coated separator containing ceramic components or polymer materials may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the electrolyte includes, but is not limited to, organic liquid electrolyte, inorganic liquid electrolyte, solid polymer electrolyte, gel-type polymer electrolyte, solid inorganic electrolyte, and molten inorganic electrolyte that can be used in the manufacture of lithium secondary batteries.
- the electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a metal salt.
- non-aqueous organic solvent examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butylo lactone, and 1,2-dimethyl.
- Triesters trimethoxy methane, dioxoran derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, ether, methyl pyropionate, propionic acid.
- Aprotic organic solvents such as ethyl may be used.
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- cyclic carbonates are high-viscosity organic solvents and have a high dielectric constant, so they can be preferably used because they easily dissociate lithium salts.
- These cyclic carbonates include dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. If linear carbonates of the same low viscosity and low dielectric constant are mixed and used in an appropriate ratio, an electrolyte with high electrical conductivity can be made and can be used more preferably.
- the metal salt may be a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is a material that is easily soluble in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
- anions of the lithium salt include F - , Cl - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) ) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 SO 2 )
- the electrolyte includes, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- One or more additives such as zolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol, or aluminum trichloride may be further included.
- the secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes an assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, and may be a lithium secondary battery.
- a further embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module including the above-described secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same. Since the battery module and battery pack include the secondary battery with high capacity, high rate characteristics, and cycle characteristics, they are medium-to-large devices selected from the group consisting of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and power storage systems. It can be used as a power source.
- secondary batteries according to embodiments of the present invention stably exhibit excellent discharge capacity, output characteristics, and cycle performance, they are used not only in portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, and digital cameras, but also in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in devices. It can be used as a power source for medium-to-large devices selected from the group consisting of hybrid electric vehicles and power storage systems.
- the battery module or battery pack may include a power tool; Electric vehicles, including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV); Alternatively, it can be used as a power source for one or more mid- to large-sized devices among power storage systems.
- a first negative electrode active material layer was coated on the negative electrode current collector to a thickness of about 50 ⁇ m and then rolled at room temperature.
- the second negative electrode active material layer was coated to a thickness of about 50 ⁇ m and then rolled at room temperature. After rolling, batch drying was performed. Rolling of each layer was carried out to achieve the porosity shown in Table 1 below.
- a composition for manufacturing the first and second negative electrode active material layers comprising a negative electrode active material including artificial graphite, natural graphite, and SiO, a conductive material (including a linear conductive material (CNT) and a planar conductive material (graphene)),
- a composition containing a binder (SBR) and a thickener at a weight ratio of 94:1:2:1 was used.
- the porosity of each negative electrode active material layer is shown in Table 1 below. Porosity was measured through cross-sectional image analysis and ratio calculation.
- a positive electrode was manufactured by coating the positive electrode current collector with a composition containing Li 1.0 Ni 0.86 Co 0.08 Mn 0.06 O 2 , a conductive material (CNT), and a binder (PVDF) at a weight ratio of 97:1:2, respectively, followed by drying and rolling. .
- a battery was manufactured by stacking the positive and negative electrodes with a separator in between and injecting an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte solution contains 1M LiPF6, EC (ethylene carbonate)/EMC (ethylmethyl carbonate) (3/7 volume ratio), 1.5wt% VC (vinylene carbonate), and 0.5wt% PS (propane sultone).
- the first negative electrode active material layer and the second negative electrode active material layer were simultaneously coated to a total thickness of about 100 ⁇ m, followed by rolling in batches and drying, in the same manner as in Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
제1 음극활물질층 공극률 (%) | 제2 음극활물질층 공극률 (%) |
|
실시예 1 | 18.3 | 31.7 |
비교예 1 | 23.4 | 26.4 |
Claims (11)
- 집전체;상기 집전체 상에 구비된 제1 음극활물질층; 및상기 제1 음극활물질층 상에 구비된 제2 음극활물질층을 포함하고,상기 제2 음극활물질층의 공극률이 상기 제1 음극활물질층의 공극률에 비하여 5%~20% 큰 것인 이차전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제2 음극활물질층의 공극률이 상기 제1 음극활물질층의 공극률에 비하여 10%~20% 큰 것인 이차전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 음극활물질층 및 상기 제2 음극활물질층의 공극률은 각각 15% 내지 40% 인 것인 이차전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 및 제2 음극활물질층은 음극활물질을 포함하며, 상기 음극활물질은 실리콘계 활물질, 인조흑연 및 천연흑연을 포함하고, 상기 실리콘계 활물질은 SiOx (0≤x<2), SiMy (M은 금속, 1≤y≤4) 및 Si/C 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 음극.
- 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 실리콘계 활물질은 상기 제1 및 제2 음극활물질층 각각에 포함된 활물질 총 100중량부를 기준으로 1 중량부 내지 40 중량부로 포함된 것인 이차전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 및 제2 음극활물질층은 도전재를 포함하며, 상기 도전재는 점형 도전재, 선형 도전재 및 면형 도전재 중 적어도 1종을 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 음극.
- 청구항 6에 있어서, 상기 도전재는 상기 제1 및 제2 음극활물질층 각각 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.1 중량부 내지 5 중량부로 포함되는 것인 이차전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1 내지 7 중 어느 한 항에 따른 음극, 양극 및 분리막을 포함하는 이차전지.
- 청구항 8에 있어서, 상기 양극은 활물질로서 니켈 (Ni) 및 코발트 (Co)를 포함하는 리튬 복합 전이금속 화합물을 포함하는 것인 이차전지.
- 청구항 9에 있어서, 상기 리튬 복합 전이금속 화합물은 망간 및 알루미늄 중 적어도 하나를 더 포함하는 것인 이차전지.
- 집전체 상에 음극활물질 및 도전재를 포함하는 제1 조성물을 코팅하고, 압연하여 제1 음극활물질층을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 제1 음극활물질층 상에 음극활물질 및 도전재를 포함하는 제2 조성물을 코팅하고, 압연하되, 상기 제1 음극활물질층의 공극률 보다 5% 내지 20% 큰 공극률을 갖도록 제2 음극활물질층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는, 청구항 1 내지 7 중 어느 한 항에 따른 이차전지용 음극의 제조방법.
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WO2011087588A2 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Graded electrode technologies for high energy lithium-ion batteries |
US20170149049A1 (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2017-05-25 | Sony Corporation | Positive electrode, battery, battery pack, electronic device, electric vehicle, electricity storage device, and electric power system |
KR20200055448A (ko) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-21 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 다층 구조의 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20220009280A (ko) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-24 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 이차전지용 전극 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR20220015222A (ko) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-08 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR20220131727A (ko) | 2021-03-22 | 2022-09-29 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 터치 센싱 디바이스 및 전자 기기 |
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- 2023-10-10 WO PCT/KR2023/015494 patent/WO2024080689A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2023-10-10 CN CN202380050996.4A patent/CN119547218A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2011087588A2 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Graded electrode technologies for high energy lithium-ion batteries |
US20170149049A1 (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2017-05-25 | Sony Corporation | Positive electrode, battery, battery pack, electronic device, electric vehicle, electricity storage device, and electric power system |
KR20200055448A (ko) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-21 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 다층 구조의 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20220009280A (ko) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-24 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 이차전지용 전극 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR20220015222A (ko) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-08 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR20220131727A (ko) | 2021-03-22 | 2022-09-29 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 터치 센싱 디바이스 및 전자 기기 |
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