WO2023223951A1 - IL-6及び/又はIL-1β抑制剤 - Google Patents
IL-6及び/又はIL-1β抑制剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023223951A1 WO2023223951A1 PCT/JP2023/017859 JP2023017859W WO2023223951A1 WO 2023223951 A1 WO2023223951 A1 WO 2023223951A1 JP 2023017859 W JP2023017859 W JP 2023017859W WO 2023223951 A1 WO2023223951 A1 WO 2023223951A1
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Classifications
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/10—Antioedematous agents; Diuretics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
Definitions
- the present invention suppresses excessive gene expression and production of IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ , and is useful for treating cardiovascular diseases accompanied by cardiovascular inflammation related to IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ .
- the present invention relates to a prostaglandin derivative.
- Interleukin-6 IL-6
- IL-1 ⁇ interleukin-1 ⁇
- IL-6 and IL-1 ⁇ are cytokines that have a variety of physiological effects and play important roles in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. When expressed and continued to be produced, it causes various pathological conditions.
- Non-Patent Documents 1, 2 Non-Patent Documents 1, 2.
- Non-Patent Document 3 It has been reported that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 increase in the blood of patients with pulmonary hypertension and become a factor for poor prognosis. Furthermore, in patients with pulmonary hypertension, cell membrane-bound IL-6 receptors are abundantly expressed in pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cells, and IL-6 signals promote pulmonary artery remodeling by conferring anti-apoptotic resistance to vascular smooth muscle cells. It has been reported that this contributes (Non-Patent Document 4).
- Non-Patent Document 5 In patients with systemic sclerosis, IL-6 is overexpressed, and IL-6 strongly affects fibrosis. It has been confirmed that it exhibits therapeutic effects (Non-Patent Document 5).
- Non-Patent Document 6 Non-Patent Document 6
- Non-patent Documents 10, 11 Non-patent Documents 10, 11).
- IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitors drugs that suppress excessive gene expression and production of IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitors”) are: It is expected to be a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases accompanied by inflammation of the cardiovascular system.
- Cardiac hypertrophy refers to a state in which the heart muscle becomes enlarged and the weight of the myocardium increases. Specifically, it is a phenomenon that occurs when the load on the heart increases for some reason, and cardiac hypertrophy occurs as a compensatory mechanism. Hypertrophy due to heart wall thickening is often caused by hypertension, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, etc., and may also be caused by myocardial abnormalities associated with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, muscular dystrophy, etc. Cardiac hypertrophy is a risk factor that leads to heart failure and coronary artery disease, and treatments to suppress and regress cardiac hypertrophy are important.
- Heart failure refers to some kind of cardiac dysfunction, that is, an organic and/or functional abnormality in the heart that causes the compensatory mechanism of the heart pump function to fail, resulting in dyspnea, fatigue, and edema, and associated exercise tolerance. It is defined as a clinical syndrome in which the For example, acute myocarditis causes cardiac hypertrophy due to inflammatory cell infiltration and myocardial edema, leading to heart failure. It is known that in heart failure, ventricular hypertrophy, enlargement, systolic dysfunction, and diastolic dysfunction progress, and is called myocardial remodeling.This process involves hypertrophy of the myocardial wall, hypertrophy of myocardial cells, degeneration, and accompanied by fibrosis. Improving myocardial remodeling is considered to be one of the important goals in the treatment of heart failure, and therapeutic agents with new mechanisms of action are eagerly awaited.
- Right heart failure is a condition in which the function of the right heart system is impaired during the process in which venous blood returns from the whole body to the heart passes through the right heart system and is transported to the lungs, and if left untreated, it can be life-threatening. It is a disease that threatens the Right ventricular hypertrophy is one of the major changes in right heart failure.
- the main etiology of right heart failure is impaired pulmonary circulation, especially pulmonary circulation is affected by pulmonary emboli or pulmonary hypertension.
- Pulmonary embolism is usually accompanied by characteristic clinical signs, acute shortness of breath, collapse-like symptoms and chest pain. Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot that occurs in a vein in a lower limb for some reason enters the pulmonary artery through a blood vessel, occluding the pulmonary artery.
- Pulmonary hypertension is an intractable disease that is caused by pulmonary vascular remodeling caused by pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle proliferation, inflammation, and immune abnormalities, and is accompanied by increased pulmonary artery pressure.
- Pulmonary vascular remodeling is mainly caused by the proliferation of the patient's arterial endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and as the symptoms progress, pulmonary arterioles become muscular, medial thickening, intimal thickening, and vascular remodeling occurs due to endothelial cell proliferation. Cavity narrowing, plexiform lesions, etc. are observed. As mentioned above, IL-6 has been shown to be elevated in the patient's serum and lungs, indicating the involvement of inflammatory mechanisms in pulmonary vascular remodeling.
- Non-Patent Document 12 The current clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension includes five groups based on the 2013 Nice classification (Non-Patent Document 12).
- Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); 1 Idiopathic PAH 2 Hereditary PAH 3 Drug/toxic substance-induced PAH 4 PAH associated with various diseases 4.1 Connective tissue diseases 4.2 HIV infection 4.3 Portal hypertension 4.4 Congenital heart disease 4.5 Schistosomiasis
- Group 1' Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) and/or pulmonary Capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH); Group 1''': Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)
- Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension caused by left-sided heart disease; Group 3: Pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary disease and/or hypoxia; Group 4: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH); Group 5: Pulmonary hypertension with unknown multifactorial mechanisms.
- PVOD Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
- PCH pulmonary Capillary hemangiomatosis
- Group 1'' Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (P
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension the first group of pulmonary hypertension, is characterized by pronounced vasoconstriction and abnormal proliferation of cells in the pulmonary artery walls. This abnormal growth results in severe constriction of blood vessels in the lungs, resulting in a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and a sustained increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), resulting in right heart failure, and the patient's prognosis is poor. Pulmonary hypertension accompanied by right heart failure is highly severe, and if untreated, the average life expectancy of PAH patients is said to be 2.8 years from the time of diagnosis.
- PVR pulmonary vascular resistance
- PAP pulmonary artery pressure
- PAH associated with connective tissue diseases immunosuppressive therapy with steroids or cyclophosphamide is effective for PAH associated with some connective tissue diseases, but PAH associated with mixed connective tissue diseases and systemic scleroderma The prognosis for PAH associated with systemic sclerosis is particularly poor.
- the second group of pulmonary hypertension is postcapillary pulmonary hypertension caused by various left ventricular heart diseases such as left ventricular systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, and valvular heart disease.
- left ventricular heart diseases such as left ventricular systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, and valvular heart disease.
- remodeling of pulmonary arteries is also involved, and the prognosis is poorer than that of PAH, and it is also a factor that worsens the prognosis of heart failure.
- Clinical trials of vasodilators have been conducted as a treatment for the second group of pulmonary hypertension, but no prognosis-improving effect has been obtained.
- the third group of pulmonary hypertension is those associated with chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease and hypoxia. It is difficult to administer vasodilators to patients without deteriorating gas exchange function, and there are currently no treatments approved for patients with group 3 pulmonary hypertension.
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), a fourth group of pulmonary hypertension, is a disease that develops due to organized thrombus within the pulmonary artery.
- Treatment for CTEPH includes surgery and balloon pulmonary angioplasty, as well as certain vasodilators.
- Treatment drugs for pulmonary hypertension include prostacyclin derivatives belonging to the prostacyclin pathway (epoprostenol, beraprost, treprostinil, selexipag, etc.), endothelin receptor antagonists belonging to the endothelin pathway (bosentan, ambrisentan, etc.), and NO system
- prostacyclin derivatives belonging to the prostacyclin pathway epoprostenol, beraprost, treprostinil, selexipag, etc.
- endothelin receptor antagonists belonging to the endothelin pathway bosentan, ambrisentan, etc.
- NO system Three types of vasodilators are known: phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, etc.) and guanylyl cyclase stimulators (riociguat, etc.). These vasodilators are used for Group 1 PAH and some are also used for Group 4
- PAH associated with connective tissue diseases such as PAH associated with systemic sclerosis
- PAH associated with systemic sclerosis involves not only pulmonary artery remodeling but also pulmonary vein remodeling
- conventional vasodilators are insufficiently effective in patients with PAH.
- pulmonary edema due to pulmonary vein stenosis.
- IP receptors prostacyclin receptors
- IP receptors Prostacyclin receptors
- the problem is that there are non-responders whose effects are insufficient. It is also thought that one of the reasons for this is that the expression of IP receptors is decreased in patients with pulmonary hypertension (Non-Patent Documents 13, 14). In addition, its use is restricted due to various side effects such as shock, flushing, hypotension, headache, jaw pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding.
- vasodilators are the main treatment method, but in order to avoid fatal complications such as pulmonary edema, it is important to avoid causing acute vasodilation. Treatment is needed.
- pulmonary hypertension In order to effectively treat serious diseases that involve remodeling of pulmonary blood vessels, such as pulmonary hypertension, there is a strong need for the development of new therapeutic agents with a different mechanism of action than conventional treatments using vasodilators. has been done.
- Takayasu's arteritis and giant cell arteritis are characterized by necrosis of smooth muscle cells in the media, destruction of elastic fibers, fibrosis, and inflammatory thickening of the adventitia, while giant cell arteritis is characterized by the appearance of giant cells in the media and intima.
- Non-Patent Document 15 IL-6 inhibitors have been shown to have a remodeling-improving effect and are used as therapeutic agents.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group.
- the present invention treats cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiovascular inflammation related to IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ by suppressing excessive gene expression and production of IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ .
- the goal is to provide medicines for
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- compound of the present invention or its pharmaceutical properties
- the above acceptable salt is an excellent IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor
- a pharmaceutical containing the IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor as an active ingredient has been found to be an excellent IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor.
- the present inventors have discovered that the present invention is useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases accompanied by cardiovascular inflammation related to IL-1 ⁇ and/or IL-1 ⁇ , and have completed the present invention.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- IL-6 and/or IL- 1 ⁇ inhibitor a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, IL-6 and/or IL- 1 ⁇ inhibitor.
- the compound represented by formula (I) is 4-[(Z)-(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(1E,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-( m-tolyl)-1-pentenyl]-7-hydroxy-2-oxa-4,4-difluoro-bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ylidene]-1-(tetrazol-5-yl)butane
- the medicament according to any one of [4] to [6] above, wherein the cardiovascular disease is selected from the group consisting of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy.
- the medicament according to [4] above, wherein the circulatory disease is cardiac hypertrophy.
- the medicament according to [4] above, wherein the circulatory disease is heart failure.
- the medicament according to [9] above, wherein the heart failure is right heart failure.
- the medicament according to [4] above, wherein the cardiovascular disease is pulmonary hypertension accompanied by right heart failure.
- the medicament according to [4] above, wherein the circulatory disease is pulmonary hypertension associated with left-sided heart disease.
- cardiovascular disease is pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary disease and/or hypoxemia.
- cardiovascular disease is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
- cardiovascular disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease.
- connective tissue disease is mixed connective tissue disease or systemic scleroderma.
- cardiovascular disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension.
- Cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiovascular inflammation related to IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ include cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension with right heart failure, and left heart heart disease. Pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary disease and/or hypoxemia, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension.
- Cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiovascular inflammation related to IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ include cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension with right heart failure, and left heart heart disease. Pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary disease and/or hypoxemia, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension.
- Cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiovascular inflammation related to IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ include cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension with right heart failure, and left heart heart disease. Pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary disease and/or hypoxemia, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension.
- the disease is selected from the group consisting of hypertension, macrovasculitis, aortic aneurysm, and aortic dissection.
- the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is useful as an IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor.
- the present invention is characterized by containing an IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor consisting of the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, Cardiovascular diseases associated with inflammation of the cardiovascular system associated with IL-1 ⁇ , especially cardiac hypertrophy (e.g., right-sided heart hypertrophy), heart failure (e.g., right-sided heart failure), myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension with right-sided heart failure.
- cardiac hypertrophy e.g., right-sided heart hypertrophy
- heart failure e.g., right-sided heart failure
- myocarditis cardiomyopathy
- pulmonary hypertension with right-sided heart failure especially cardiovascular diseases associated with inflammation of the cardiovascular system associated with IL-1 ⁇ , especially cardiac hypertrophy (e.g., right-sided heart hypertrophy), heart failure (e.g., right-sided heart failure), my
- pulmonary hypertension associated with left-sided heart disease pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary disease and/or hypoxemia
- chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension connective tissue diseases (e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis). from the group consisting of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension, large vasculitis (e.g., Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis), aortic aneurysm, and aortic dissection.
- Medications for preventing and/or treating selected diseases can be provided.
- Figure 1 shows the administration method for each group.
- Figure 2 shows the effect of KAG-308 (2 mg/kg/day) on rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension after 3 weeks of administration.
- the left panel shows the effect on right ventricular systolic pressure, and the right panel shows the effect on right ventricular hypertrophy.
- Figure 3 shows the effect of KAG-308 (2 mg/kg/day) on rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension after 3 weeks of administration.
- the left panel shows the effect on left ventricular systolic pressure
- the right panel shows the effect on heart rate.
- FIG. 4 shows the inhibitory effect on the medial wall thickness of pulmonary arteries as determined by lung histopathological analysis after administration of KAG-308 (2 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks to rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
- FIG. 5 shows the inhibitory effect on muscularization of small pulmonary arteries as determined by lung histopathological analysis after administration of KAG-308 (2 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks to rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
- FIG. 6 shows the inhibitory effect of inflammatory macrophage infiltration by lung histopathological analysis after administration of KAG-308 (2 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks to rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
- FIG. 5 shows the inhibitory effect on muscularization of small pulmonary arteries as determined by lung histopathological analysis after administration of KAG-308 (2 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks to rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
- FIG. 6 shows the inhibitory effect of inflammatory macrophage in
- FIG. 7 shows the results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis after administration of KAG-308 (2 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks to rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
- the left figure shows the mRNA expression level of IL-6, and the right figure shows the IL-1 ⁇ mRNA expression level.
- the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of the tetrazole group moiety of the compound of the present invention with a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic base, including inorganic bases and organic bases; A compound in which hydrogen atoms are replaced with cations.
- this cation include alkali metal cations such as Na + and K + , metal cations other than alkali metals such as 1/2Ca 2+ , 1/2Mg 2+ , 1/2Zn 2+ , and 1/3Al 3+ , and NH 4 + and organic amines such as triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, tromethamine, lysine, and arginine, and ammonium cations of amino acids.
- Preferred cations are sodium and potassium ions.
- salts derived from non-toxic inorganic bases include the aforementioned sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, zinc salts, aluminum salts, ammonium salts, etc., as well as lithium salts, copper salts, secondary salts, etc. Salts such as iron salts, ferrous salts, manganic salts, manganic salts, and the like may also be mentioned. Among these, sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts and ammonium salts are preferred, and sodium salts and potassium salts are particularly preferred.
- salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic organic bases include primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, and basic ion exchange salts. Contains resin salts.
- organic bases other than the specific examples of organic amines and amino acids mentioned above include isopropylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, ethylenediamine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, and 2-dimethyl.
- the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes various organic or inorganic carrier substances commonly used as formulation materials, such as excipients, disintegrants, binders, fluidizing agents, and lubricants in solid formulations. solvents, solubilizers, suspending agents, isotonic agents, buffers, soothing agents, etc. in liquid formulations, bases, emulsifiers, wetting agents, stabilizers, stabilizers, dispersants in semi-solid formulations, etc. agents, plasticizers, pH regulators, absorption enhancers, gelling agents, preservatives, fillers, solubilizers, solubilizing agents, suspending agents and the like. Additionally, additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, sweeteners, etc. are also included as necessary.
- IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor refers to excessive production of IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ , which are cytokines that play an important role in regulating immune responses and inflammatory responses. A drug that suppresses gene expression or production.
- the "IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor” may be any drug that suppresses the gene expression or production of either IL-6 or IL-1 ⁇ , but especially IL-6 and IL-1 ⁇ More preferred are drugs that suppress both gene expression and production of 1 ⁇ (dual inhibitor).
- circululatory diseases associated with cardiovascular inflammation associated with IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ are those caused by excessive gene expression or production of IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ . refers to a cardiovascular disease accompanied by inflammation of the cardiovascular system (specifically, pulmonary blood vessels or myocardium).
- a cardiovascular disease accompanied by inflammation of the cardiovascular system (specifically, pulmonary blood vessels or myocardium).
- Specific examples of the cardiovascular disease include, for example, cardiac hypertrophy (e.g., right-sided heart hypertrophy), heart failure (e.g., right-sided heart failure), myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension associated with right-sided heart failure, and left-sided heart disease.
- Pulmonary hypertension pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary disease and/or hypoxemia, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial pulmonary associated with connective tissue diseases (e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis) Examples include hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension, large vasculitis (eg, Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis), aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, etc.
- connective tissue diseases e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis
- connective tissue diseases e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis
- connective tissue diseases e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis
- connective tissue diseases e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis
- Examples include hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension, large vasculitis (eg, Takayasu arteritis, giant cell
- cardiac remodeling refers to the restructuring of the ventricular and vascular structures under various loads under physiological or pathological environments, and includes ventricular remodeling and vascular remodeling, respectively. It is called. It is known that although these remodeling actions are a purposeful adaptive response for the organism at a certain point in time, in the long term they become an important factor in the progression of pathological conditions.
- cardiovascular remodeling inhibitor refers to an agent that improves cardiovascular remodeling by delaying the progression of cardiovascular remodeling or preventing progression to irreversible pathological remodeling. It is a drug for
- pulmonary artery muscularization inhibitor refers to thickening of the pulmonary artery media and adventitia and pulmonary microvascular formation caused by vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation promoted by shear stress, hypoxic environment, inflammation, etc. Means a drug for suppressing muscular arterialization.
- the term "pharmaceutically effective amount” refers to the compound of the present invention (I ) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- mammals include, but are not particularly limited to, humans or non-human mammals (e.g., mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, monkeys, etc.).
- non-human mammals e.g., mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, monkeys, etc.
- prevention refers to patients (or subjects) who may develop a disease, etc. but have not developed it yet, or who are concerned about recurrence of the disease, etc. after treatment of the disease, etc. It means to inhibit, suppress, control, slow down or stop the onset of clinical symptoms of the disease, etc.
- treatment refers to remission, mitigation, or delay in worsening of clinical symptoms of a disease, disease, disorder, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “disease, etc.”) in a patient (or subject) who has developed the disease, etc. means.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 in the compound of the present invention represented by formula (I) are as follows.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, and R 2 is a hydrogen atom.
- R 1 is a methyl group and R 2 is a hydrogen atom.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, and R 2 is a methyl group.
- R 1 is a methyl group, and R 2 is a methyl group.
- preferred combinations are as follows from the viewpoint of having a high effect of suppressing excessive gene expression and production of IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ .
- R 1 is a methyl group and R 2 is a hydrogen atom.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, and R 2 is a methyl group.
- particularly preferred compounds of the invention are 4-[(Z)-(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(1E,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-(m-tolyl)- 1-pentenyl]-7-hydroxy-2-oxa-4,4-difluoro-bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ylidene]-1-(tetrazol-5-yl)butane (herein: (Sometimes referred to as "KAG-308.) Since the compound of the present invention has an asymmetric carbon in its structure, various stereoisomers and optical isomers exist, but in the present invention, all these stereoisomers, optical isomers, and their Includes mixtures. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof include their solvates (eg, hydrates, ethanolates, etc.).
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2010/029925
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 2011/2011
- the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is a prostaglandin (PG) derivative that is less susceptible to metabolism in vivo and has improved stability. Since the carboxy group of the PG skeleton has been converted to a tetrazole group, it is less susceptible to metabolism by ⁇ -oxidation, which is known as a general metabolic pathway for fatty acids such as PG. Therefore, compared to a compound having a carboxy group in the PG skeleton, it has a longer blood half-life and can maintain its effective blood concentration for a longer period of time. Furthermore, due to this improved metabolic stability, the bioavailability of the drug can be improved.
- PG prostaglandin
- the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof exhibits an effect as an IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor.
- Examples of preferred compounds exhibiting this action are the same as the preferred embodiments of the compounds of the present invention described above.
- the medicament of the present invention may be a medicament consisting only of the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and may further contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and, if necessary, other therapeutic ingredients (preferably one or two It may also be a pharmaceutical composition containing more than one type of vasodilator).
- the dosage when administering the medicament (or pharmaceutical composition) of the present invention to mammals (patients or subjects) including humans varies depending on the subject, disease, symptoms, dosage form, administration route, etc., but for example:
- the daily dosage when administered to an adult patient (body weight approximately 60 kg), the daily dosage varies depending on the patient's age, weight, disease condition, severity, etc., but when calculated in terms of the active ingredient, the compound of the present invention, It is usually desirable to administer 0.0001 to 10 mg, preferably 0.01 to 1 mg, in one to several divided doses.
- 0.001 to 3 mg is preferred, particularly 0.02 to 0.5 mg.
- 0.0001 to 1 mg is preferred, particularly 0.001 to 0.2 mg.
- the dosage can be increased or decreased as appropriate depending on the disease or pathological condition.
- oral administration When used as a medicine (or pharmaceutical composition), it can be administered into a living body by oral administration or parenteral administration (for example, intravascular (venous, arterial) administration, subcutaneous administration, intrarectal administration, etc.).
- parenteral administration for example, intravascular (venous, arterial) administration, subcutaneous administration, intrarectal administration, etc.
- dosage forms include oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, and syrups, liquid injections such as solutions, emulsions, and suspensions, drops, suppositories, nasal drops, patches, and inhalants.
- Parenteral dosage forms are exemplified. Among these, oral administration is preferable, and it is particularly preferable to administer orally in two or more divided doses a day.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the formulation of the present invention") is prepared by adding at least the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to a method known in the technical field of pharmaceutical formulation. It is manufactured by appropriately mixing an appropriate amount with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
- the formulation is a powder, granule, tablet, etc.
- any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier e.g., excipient, lubricant, disintegrant, binder, etc.
- the content of the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the preparation or drug varies depending on the dosage form, dosage, etc., but is, for example, 0.1% to 100% by weight of the entire preparation or drug. .
- compositions of the present invention are not particularly limited, but examples of "excipients” include lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, corn Starch, dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, crystalline cellulose, carmellose, carmellose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, alginic acid, gum arabic, etc.
- excipients include lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, corn Starch, dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, crystalline cellulose, carmellose, carmellose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, alginic acid, gum arabic, etc.
- lubricants include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, talc, etc.
- disintegrants include carmellose, carmellose calcium, carmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, and croscarmellose sodium.
- crospovidone low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, etc.
- binder examples include hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, povidone, crystalline cellulose, white sugar, dextrin, starch
- examples include gelatin, carmellose sodium, gum arabic, and the like.
- the solid dosage forms may also be uncoated or coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period of time.
- time delay materials such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be used.
- the formulations of the invention may also be hard gelatin capsules in which the compound of the invention is mixed with an inert solid diluent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or kaolin, or a water-miscible solvent such as , propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, ethanol, etc.) or an oil medium (eg, peanut oil, liquid paraffin, olive oil, etc.).
- an inert solid diluent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or kaolin
- a water-miscible solvent such as , propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, ethanol, etc.
- an oil medium eg, peanut oil, liquid paraffin, olive oil, etc.
- the formulation of the present invention when the formulation of the present invention is a syrup or liquid, it can be manufactured by appropriately selecting stabilizers, suspending agents, flavoring agents, aromatics, etc., for example.
- the medicine of the present invention is an injection, in order to manufacture it, the active ingredients must be added to a pH adjusting agent such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, lactose, sodium lactate, acetic acid, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. It can be prepared aseptically by dissolving it in distilled water for injection along with a tonicity agent such as sodium chloride or glucose.
- it may be prepared using an inert non-aqueous diluent such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, olive oil, ethanol, polysorbate 80, etc., and then vacuum freeze-dried by adding mannitol, dextrin, cyclodextrin, gelatin, etc.
- an inert non-aqueous diluent such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, olive oil, ethanol, polysorbate 80, etc.
- it may also be used as an injection to be dissolved before use.
- liposome preparations and fat emulsions can be prepared by known methods and used as injections.
- compositions of the present invention include rectal administration formulations using suppository bases such as cocoa butter, fatty acid triglycerides, fatty acid diglycerides, fatty acid monoglycerides, and polyethylene glycol; polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, Also included are rectal injection ointments prepared to an appropriate viscosity using water-soluble bases such as glycerin and glycerogelatin, and oil-based bases such as white petrolatum, hard fat, paraffin, liquid paraffin, plastibase, lanolin, and purified lanolin. It will be done.
- suppository bases such as cocoa butter, fatty acid triglycerides, fatty acid diglycerides, fatty acid monoglycerides, and polyethylene glycol
- polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol
- rectal injection ointments prepared to an appropriate viscosity using water-soluble bases such as glycerin and glycerogelatin, and oil-based bases such
- the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered locally to the skin or mucous membranes, that is, transdermally or transmucosally.
- Typical dosage forms for this purpose include gels, hydrogels, lotions, solutions, creams, ointments, dusting powders, dressings, foam preparations, films, skin patches, wafers, implants, sponges, textiles, bandages, microorganisms, etc. Examples include emulsions.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that can be used for this purpose include alcohol, water, mineral oil, liquid paraffin, white petrolatum, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like.
- the compounds of the present invention may be compounded with compounds such as cyclodextrins and suitable derivatives thereof or polyethylene glycol-containing polymers to improve their solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability and stability.
- drug-cyclodextrin complexes and the like have generally been found to be useful for most dosage forms and routes of administration. Both inclusion and non-inclusion complexes can be used.
- cyclodextrins can also be used as auxiliary additives, ie carriers, excipients or solubilizers. For these purposes, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, and ⁇ -cyclodextrins and the like are commonly used.
- the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used in combination with other drugs (concomitant drugs) as long as their efficacy is not impaired.
- drugs suitable for use in combination with the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof include, but are not particularly limited to, hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension, thrombosis, arrhythmia. , ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, aortic disease, myocarditis, arteriosclerosis. Drugs can be suitably used.
- prostacyclin derivatives epoprostenol, beraprost, iloprost, treprostinil, selexipag, etc.
- endothelin receptor antagonists bosentan, ambrisentan, macitentan, etc.
- PDE5 inhibitors phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors
- saldenafil, tadalafil, etc. guanylate cyclase stimulators
- guanylate cyclase stimulators riociguat, etc.
- Steroids such as prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone
- MTX azathioprine
- cyclophosphamide mycophenolate mofetil
- tacrolimus amethasone
- Immunosuppressants such as cyclosporin
- biological preparations such as tocilizumab and TNF inhibitors
- antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin.
- concomitant drugs that complement and/or enhance the therapeutic effects of the compounds of the present invention or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may include the mechanisms described above (i.e., excessive gene expression of IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ ). In addition to those that have not been discovered to date, they also include those that will be discovered in the future based on the production suppression mechanism).
- the timing of administration is not limited, and they may be administered to the subject at the same time, or at a different time from the administration of the medicament of the present invention (i.e., with a time difference). You may.
- the medicament of the present invention may be administered first and the concomitant drug may be administered later, or the concomitant drug may be administered first and the medicament of the present invention may be administered later.
- the respective administration methods may be the same or different.
- it can also be administered as a single preparation (compound preparation) containing a combination of the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a concomitant drug.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that may be used in the production of the combination include those similar to those used in the above-described pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
- the dosage of the concomitant drug can be appropriately selected based on the dosage commonly used clinically.
- the compounding ratio of the compound of the present invention or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, etc. and the concomitant drug should be determined based on the subject of administration (age, weight, general health condition, gender, degree of disease, etc.), administration route, and disease. It can be appropriately selected depending on the type, type of concomitant drug, etc.
- the mass ratio of the compound of the present invention or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and the concomitant drug is not particularly limited.
- the medicament or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be provided in the form of a kit along with instructions on how to administer and the like.
- the drug contained in the kit must be in a container made of a material that effectively maintains the activity of the drug or the constituent components of the pharmaceutical composition for a long period of time, does not adsorb to the inside of the container, and does not alter the properties of the constituent components.
- the sealed glass ampoule may contain a buffer sealed in the presence of a neutral, non-reactive gas such as nitrogen gas.
- the kit may also be accompanied by instructions for use.
- the instructions for use of this kit may be printed on paper or the like, or may be stored on an electromagnetically readable medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM and provided to the user.
- the medicament containing an IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor consisting of the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient can be used for diseases related to IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ , especially for IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ -related diseases. It can be applied to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases accompanied by cardiovascular inflammation induced by excessive gene expression or production of -6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ .
- the medicament of the present invention is particularly useful for cardiovascular diseases accompanied by inflammation of pulmonary blood vessels or myocardium.
- the medicament of the present invention exhibits a strong cardiovascular remodeling inhibitory effect, a right ventricular systolic pressure lowering effect, and an anti-inflammatory effect. It is useful as
- the medicament of the present invention exhibits a therapeutic effect not only on cardiac hypertrophy but also on pulmonary hypertension, and also has a strong cardiovascular remodeling inhibitory effect, right ventricular systolic pressure lowering effect, and anti-inflammatory effect. It is also useful as a therapeutic agent for heart failure (especially right-sided heart failure).
- the medicament of the present invention has a strong cardiovascular remodeling inhibitory effect, especially a pulmonary artery muscularization inhibitory effect, a right ventricular systolic pressure lowering effect, an anti-inflammatory effect, and an immunosuppressive effect.
- pulmonary hypertension Useful for pulmonary hypertension.
- the medicament of the present invention is particularly useful for pulmonary hypertension associated with right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease, pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary disease and/or hypoxemia, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,
- diseases selected from the group consisting of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with tissue diseases (e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic scleroderma) and pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension.
- tissue diseases e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic scleroderma
- pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension Useful.
- the medicament of the present invention has a strong cardiovascular remodeling inhibitory effect, particularly an arterial muscularization inhibitory effect, an anti-inflammatory effect, and an immunosuppressive effect. It is useful as a therapeutic agent for diseases selected from the group consisting of (Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis), aortic aneurysm, and aortic dissection.
- Example 1 A monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rat pulmonary hypertension model was created according to the method described in Abe K, Circ Res, 94: 385-393, 2004.
- the rats were euthanized with a lethal dose of intravenous pentobarbital, the heart was removed, and the weight of the left ventricle (LV), including the interventricular septum (Sep), relative to the right ventricle (RV) was measured, and the ratio was calculated. was used as an index of right ventricular hypertrophy.
- LV left ventricle
- Sep interventricular septum
- RV right ventricle
- KAG-308 suppresses the increase in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) observed in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension rats. significantly suppressed.
- RVSP right ventricular systolic pressure
- KAG-308 has a significant effect on the weight ratio of the left ventricle (LV), including the ventricular septum (Sep), to the right ventricle (RV) observed in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension rats. The increase in RV/LV+Sep) was also significantly suppressed.
- KAG-308 significantly suppresses the increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy without affecting left ventricular systolic pressure and heart rate.
- Example 2 Histopathological analysis was performed to examine the effect of 3-week administration of KAG-308 (2 mg/kg/day) in the monocrotaline-induced rat pulmonary hypertension model shown in Example 1.
- the average media wall thickness increased in the monocrotaline administration group, but the increase in average media wall thickness was significantly suppressed by administration of KAG-308.
- Example 3 (Quantitative RT-PCR analysis) Investigate the effect of KAG-308 (2 mg/kg/day) in the monocrotaline-induced rat pulmonary hypertension model shown in Example 1 according to the method described in Abe, K. et al. Cardiovasc Res. 2016,111,16 For this purpose, quantitative analysis of IL-6 and IL-1 ⁇ mRNA was performed using the PCR method.
- IL-6 F AGCGATGATGCACTGTCAGAA IL-6 R:AACGGAACTCCAGAAGACCAG IL-1 ⁇ F:CCCTGAACTCAACTGTGAAATAGCA IL-1 ⁇ R: CCCAAGTCAAGGGCTTGGAA
- the compound of the present invention can improve right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial hypertension compared to the untreated monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension group without changing heart rate or left ventricular systolic pressure. It was confirmed that muscle formation was significantly inhibited. In addition, the mechanism was confirmed to be a preventive and therapeutic effect on pulmonary hypertension and a suppressive effect on right ventricular hypertrophy due to the suppression of cardiovascular remodeling due to the suppressive effect on excessive gene expression and production of IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ . The results showed that the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ .
- Formulation Example 1 Production of capsules 1) Compound of the present invention (KAG-308) 0.05 mg 2) Microcrystalline cellulose 20mg 3) Lactose 29mg 4) Magnesium stearate 1mg 1), 2), 3) and 4) are mixed and filled into gelatin capsules.
- Formulation Example 2 Production of tablets 1) Compound of the present invention (KAG-308) 30 mg 2) Lactose 70.0g 3) Cornstarch 50.0g 4) Soluble starch 7.0g 5) Magnesium stearate 3.0g
- the compound of the present invention (30 mg) and magnesium stearate (3.0 g) were granulated with an aqueous solution of soluble starch (70 mL) (7.0 g as soluble starch), dried, and lactose (70.0 g) and cornstarch ( 50.0g) (lactose, cornstarch, soluble starch, and magnesium stearate are all compliant with the 14th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia). The mixture is compressed to obtain tablets.
- the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is useful as an IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor.
- the present invention is characterized by containing an IL-6 and/or IL-1 ⁇ inhibitor consisting of the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, Cardiovascular diseases associated with inflammation of the cardiovascular system associated with IL-1 ⁇ , especially cardiac hypertrophy (e.g., right-sided heart hypertrophy), heart failure (e.g., right-sided heart failure), myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension with right-sided heart failure.
- cardiac hypertrophy e.g., right-sided heart hypertrophy
- heart failure e.g., right-sided heart failure
- myocarditis cardiomyopathy
- pulmonary hypertension with right-sided heart failure especially cardiovascular diseases associated with inflammation of the cardiovascular system associated with IL-1 ⁇ , especially cardiac hypertrophy (e.g., right-sided heart hypertrophy), heart failure (e.g., right-sided heart failure), my
- pulmonary hypertension associated with left-sided heart disease pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary disease and/or hypoxemia, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, connective tissue disease (e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic A group consisting of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with skin disease), pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension, large vasculitis (e.g., Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis), aortic aneurysm, and aortic dissection. Medications for treating more selected diseases can be provided.
- connective tissue disease e.g., mixed connective tissue disease, systemic A group consisting of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with skin disease
- pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension
- large vasculitis e.g., Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis
- aortic aneurysm aortic dissection.
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Abstract
Description
1 特発性PAH
2 遺伝性PAH
3 薬物・毒物誘発性PAH
4 各種疾患に伴うPAH
4.1 結合組織病
4.2 HIV感染症
4.3 門脈圧亢進症
4.4 先天性心疾患
4.5 住血吸虫症
第1’群:肺静脈閉塞性疾患(PVOD)及び/又は肺毛細血管腫症(PCH);
第1’’群:新生児遷延性肺高血圧症(PPHN)
第2群:左心性心疾患に起因する肺高血圧症;
第3群:肺疾患及び/又は低酸素症に起因する肺高血圧症;
第4群:慢性血栓塞栓性肺高血圧症(CTEPH);
第5群:不明な多因子機序を有する肺高血圧症。
[1]式(I):
[2]前記式(I)で表される化合物が、4-[(Z)-(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(1E,3R,4R)-3-ヒドロキシ-4-(m-トリル)-1-ペンテニル]-7-ヒドロキシ-2-オキサ-4,4-ジフルオロ-ビシクロ[3.3.0]オクタン-3-イリデン]-1-(テトラゾール-5-イル)ブタンである、上記[1]に記載の剤。
[3]IL-6及びIL-1β抑制剤である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載の剤。
[4]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の剤を有効成分として含有する、IL-6及び/又はIL-1βに関連する心血管系の炎症を伴う循環器疾患の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬(以下、「本発明の医薬」と称することもある。)。
[5]心血管系が、肺血管である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[6]心血管系が、心筋である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[7]循環器疾患が、心肥大、心不全、心筋炎、及び心筋症からなる群より選択される、上記[4]~[6]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[8]循環器疾患が、心肥大である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[9]循環器疾患が、心不全である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[10]心不全が、右心不全である、上記[9]に記載の医薬。
[11]循環器疾患が、右心不全を伴う肺高血圧症である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[12]循環器疾患が、左心性心疾患に伴う肺高血圧症である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[13]循環器疾患が、肺疾患及び/又は低酸素血症に伴う肺高血圧症である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[14]循環器疾患が、慢性血栓塞栓性肺高血圧症である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[15]循環器疾患が、結合組織病に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[16]結合組織病が、混合性結合組織病、又は全身性強皮症である、上記[15]に記載の医薬。
[17]循環器疾患が、門脈圧亢進症に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症である、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[18]循環器疾患が、大型血管炎、大動脈瘤、及び大動脈解離からなる群より選択される、上記[4]に記載の医薬。
[19]経口投与用である、上記[4]~[18]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[20]1日2回以上に分けて経口投与することを特徴とする、上記[19]に記載の医薬。
[21]1種又は2種以上の他の薬剤と組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする、上記[4]~[20]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[22]上記[4]に記載の医薬と、1種又は2種以上の他の薬剤が、異なる製剤の有効成分として別々に含有され、同時に、又は、異なる時間に投与されることを特徴とする、上記[21]に記載の医薬。
[23]上記[4]に記載の医薬と、1種又は2種以上の他の薬剤が、単一製剤中に含有されていることを特徴とする、上記[21]に記載の医薬。
[24]他の薬剤が、血管拡張剤である、上記[21]~[23]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[25]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の剤、及び薬学上許容される担体を含有する医薬組成物(以下、「本発明の医薬組成物」と称することもある。)。
[26]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の剤を有効成分として含有する、心血管リモデリング抑制剤。
[27]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の剤を有効成分として含有する、肺動脈筋性化抑制剤。
[28]IL-6及び/又はIL-1βに関連する心血管系の炎症を伴う循環器疾患の予防及び/又は治療に使用するための、式(I):
[29]IL-6及び/又はIL-1βに関連する心血管系の炎症を伴う循環器疾患が、心肥大、心不全、心筋炎、心筋症、右心不全を伴う肺高血圧症、左心性心疾患に伴う肺高血圧症、肺疾患及び/又は低酸素血症に伴う肺高血圧症、慢性血栓塞栓性肺高血圧症、結合組織病に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症、門脈圧亢進症に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症、大型血管炎、大動脈瘤、及び大動脈解離からなる群より選択される疾患である、上記[28]に記載の化合物又はその薬学上許容される塩。
[30]IL-6及び/又はIL-1βに関連する心血管系の炎症を伴う循環器疾患の予防及び/又は治療剤を製造するための、式(I):
[31]IL-6及び/又はIL-1βに関連する心血管系の炎症を伴う循環器疾患が、心肥大、心不全、心筋炎、心筋症、右心不全を伴う肺高血圧症、左心性心疾患に伴う肺高血圧症、肺疾患及び/又は低酸素血症に伴う肺高血圧症、慢性血栓塞栓性肺高血圧症、結合組織病に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症、門脈圧亢進症に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症、大型血管炎、大動脈瘤、及び大動脈解離からなる群より選択される疾患である、上記[30]に記載の使用。
[32]薬学上有効量の式(I):
[33]IL-6及び/又はIL-1βに関連する心血管系の炎症を伴う循環器疾患が、心肥大、心不全、心筋炎、心筋症、右心不全を伴う肺高血圧症、左心性心疾患に伴う肺高血圧症、肺疾患及び/又は低酸素血症に伴う肺高血圧症、慢性血栓塞栓性肺高血圧症、結合組織病に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症、門脈圧亢進症に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症、大型血管炎、大動脈瘤、及び大動脈解離からなる群より選択される疾患である、上記[32]に記載の方法。
本発明の化合物は、下記式(I):
R1は水素原子であり、R2は水素原子である。
R1はメチル基であり、R2は水素原子である。
R1は水素原子であり、R2はメチル基である。
R1はメチル基であり、R2はメチル基である。
また、上記の中でも好ましい組み合わせは、IL-6及び/又はIL-1βの過剰な遺伝子発現や産生を抑制する作用が高いという観点から、以下の通りである。
R1はメチル基であり、R2は水素原子である。
R1は水素原子であり、R2はメチル基である。
さらに、特に好ましい本発明の化合物は、4-[(Z)-(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(1E,3R,4R)-3-ヒドロキシ-4-(m-トリル)-1-ペンテニル]-7-ヒドロキシ-2-オキサ-4,4-ジフルオロ-ビシクロ[3.3.0]オクタン-3-イリデン]-1-(テトラゾール-5-イル)ブタン(本明細書では、「KAG-308」と称することもある。)である。
本発明の化合物は、その構造中に不斉炭素を有するため、各種の立体異性体、光学異性体が存在するが、本発明においては、これらすべての立体異性体、光学異性体、及びそれらの混合物を包含する。
また、本発明の化合物又はその薬学上許容される塩には、それらの溶媒和物(例、水和物、エタノール和物等)も包含される。
本発明の化合物又はその薬学上許容される塩は、公知の方法、例えば、本発明者らの発明に係わる特許文献1(国際公開第2010/029925号)又は特許文献2(国際公開第2011/111714号)に記載の方法で製造することができる。
本発明の化合物又はその薬学上許容される塩は、生体内において代謝を受けにくく安定性を向上したプロスタグランジン(PG)誘導体である。PG骨格のカルボキシ基がテトラゾール基に変換されているため、PG等の脂肪酸の一般的な代謝経路として知られているβ酸化による代謝を受けにくい。このため、PG骨格にカルボキシ基を有する化合物に比べて、血中半減期が長く、有効血中濃度を長く維持することができる。また、このように代謝的な安定性が向上していることにより、薬物のバイオアベイラビリティーを改善することができる。
本発明の医薬は、本発明の化合物又はその薬学上許容される塩のみからなる医薬でもよく、さらに薬学上許容される担体、及び必要に応じて他の治療成分(好ましくは、1種又は2種以上の血管拡張剤)を含む医薬組成物であってもよい。
また、キットには使用説明書が添付されてもよい。本キットの使用説明は、紙などに印刷されたものであっても、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM等の電磁的に読み取り可能な媒体に保存され、使用者に供給されてもよい。
本発明の化合物又はその薬学上許容される塩からなるIL-6及び/又はIL-1β抑制剤を有効成分とする医薬は、IL-6及び/又はIL-1βに関連する疾患、とりわけ、IL-6及び/又はIL-1βの過剰な遺伝子発現や産生により誘発される心血管系の炎症を伴う循環器疾患の治療に適用することができる。本発明の医薬は、とりわけ、肺血管又は心筋の炎症を伴う循環器疾患に有用である。
(方法)
Abe K, Circ Res, 94: 385-393, 2004に記載の方法に従い、モノクロタリン(MCT)誘発ラット肺高血圧モデルを作製した。5乃至6週齢(体重150-200 g)の雄性Sprague Dawleyラット(SDラット)に、モノクロタリン(シグマアルドリッチ社製)を60mg/kgの用量で1回皮下に注入した。本発明の化合物であるKAG-308は、モノクロタリンを皮下注した当日から測定の前日まで毎日2回、1mg/kgの用量(2mg/kg/日)で、ゾンデを用いて、経口投与した(図1における「MCT+KAG-308」)。KAG-308非治療の肺高血圧モデルには、溶媒(注射用水)を同量、同期間投与した(図1における「MCT」)。モノクロタリン及びKAG-308を投与しない正常対象群には同週齢を用いた(図1における「Normal」)。モノクロタリン注入3週間後に、右室収縮期圧、体動脈圧、心拍数、及び右室左室重量比(右室肥大)を測定した。イソフルレン吸入麻酔下に、右心カテーテル法により右室収縮期圧を測定した。コンダクタンスカテーテルを用いて、頸動脈より体動脈圧、心拍数を測定した。測定後、ラットを致死量のペントバルビタール静注にて安楽死させ、心臓を摘出し、右室(RV)に対する心室中隔(Sep)を含む左室(LV)の重量を測定し、その比を右室肥大の指標とした。
(1)右室収縮期圧及び右室肥大における効果
図2の左図に示されるように、KAG-308は、モノクロタリン誘発肺高血圧ラットで認められる右室収縮期圧(RVSP)の上昇を有意に抑制した。
また、図2の右図に示されるように、KAG-308は、モノクロタリン誘発肺高血圧ラットで認められる右室(RV)に対する心室中隔(Sep)を含む左室(LV)の重量比(RV/LV+Sep)の増加も有意に抑制した。
図3に示されるように、左室収縮期圧及び心拍については、いずれの群においても有意差はなかった。
実施例1に示したモノクロタリン誘発ラット肺高血圧症モデルにおけるKAG-308(2mg/kg/日)の3週間投与の効果を調べるために病理組織解析を実施した。
実施例1の試験で用いたラットより採取した肺に20cmH2O圧をかけて拡張させた後に10%ホルマリンにより一晩固定した。その後パラフィン包埋し、5μmに切断した組織切片を用いて、Elastica Van Gieson(EVG)染色及び免疫組織学的染色した。解析は、Graph pad Prism8を用いて、肺動脈の平均中膜壁厚、肺小動脈の筋性化を算出した。
(1)肺動脈の中膜壁厚に対する効果
外径50~100μmの肺動脈を分析し、平均中膜壁厚を盲検下で測定した(平均中膜壁厚=(外径-内径)/外径)。結果を図4に示す。
外径50μm以下の肺小動脈の筋性化について、抗α-SMA(smooth muscular actin)抗体を用いた免疫染色により解析した。肺小動脈の全周における平滑筋の占める割合により、Non muscular(<25%)、Partially muscular(25~75%)、及びTotally muscular(>75%)と定義し、盲検法で各標本の少なくとも70本の肺小動脈を評価した。結果を図5に示す。
抗CD68抗体を用いて免疫染色し、マクロファージを測定した。装置はレーザー走査型顕微鏡 FV1200 IX83(OLYMPUS)を用いて400倍の倍率で観察し、小血管を中心にランダムに選択した15視野においてCD68陽性細胞数を計測した。結果を図6に示す。
Abe, K. et al. Cardiovasc Res. 2016,111,16に記載の方法に従い、実施例1に示したモノクロタリン誘発ラット肺高血圧症モデルにおけるKAG-308(2mg/kg/日)の効果を調べるために、PCR法を用いてIL-6及びIL-1βのmRNA定量解析を行った。
実施例1の試験で用いたラットより採取した肺を破砕して、全肺からQiagen RNeasyミニキットを用いてTotal RNAを抽出した。ReverTra Ace qPCR Kit(東洋紡)とSYBR Premix Ex Taq(タカラバイオ)をそれぞれ逆転写と増幅に用いた。TB Green Premix Ex TaqII(タカラバイオ)、7500 real-time PCR system(Applied biosystems)を用いて解析を行った。用いたプライマーを以下に示す。
IL-6 F:AGCGATGATGCACTGTCAGAA
IL-6 R:AACGGAACTCCAGAAGACCAG
IL-1β F:CCCTGAACTCAACTGTGAAATAGCA
IL-1β R:CCCAAGTCAAGGGCTTGGAA
図7によれば、モノクロタリンを投与したラットでは、炎症性サイトカインであるIL-6のmRNA発現量は、60倍以上増加し(左図)、また、IL-1βのmRNA発現量は、2倍以上増加する(右図)ことが確認された。一方、KAG-308(2mg/kg/日)を投与したラットでは、IL-6及びIL-1βのmRNA発現量の増加が有意に抑制された。特に、IL-6についてはmRNA発現量の増加が89%抑制された。
1)本発明の化合物(KAG-308) 0.05mg
2)微結晶セルロース 20mg
3)乳糖 29mg
4)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1mg
1)、2)、3)及び4)を混合して、ゼラチンカプセルに充填する。
1)本発明の化合物(KAG-308) 30mg
2)乳糖 70.0g
3)コーンスターチ 50.0g
4)可溶性デンプン 7.0g
5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 3.0g
本発明の化合物(30mg)及びステアリン酸マグネシウム(3.0g)を可溶性デンプンの水溶液(70mL)(可溶性デンプンとして7.0g)で顆粒化した後、乾燥し、乳糖(70.0g)及びコーンスターチ(50.0g)と混合する(乳糖、コーンスターチ、可溶性デンプン、及びステアリン酸マグネシウムはいずれも第14改正 日本薬局方適合品)。混合物を圧縮して錠剤を得る。
Claims (27)
- 式(I):
- 前記式(I)で表される化合物が、4-[(Z)-(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(1E,3R,4R)-3-ヒドロキシ-4-(m-トリル)-1-ペンテニル]-7-ヒドロキシ-2-オキサ-4,4-ジフルオロ-ビシクロ[3.3.0]オクタン-3-イリデン]-1-(テトラゾール-5-イル)ブタンである、請求項1に記載の剤。
- IL-6及びIL-1β抑制剤である、請求項1又は2に記載の剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の剤を有効成分として含有する、IL-6及び/又はIL-1βに関連する心血管系の炎症を伴う循環器疾患の治療のための医薬。
- 心血管系が、肺血管である、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- 心血管系が、心筋である、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、心肥大、心不全、心筋炎、及び心筋症からなる群より選択される、請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、心肥大である、請求項7に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、心不全である、請求項7に記載の医薬。
- 心不全が、右心不全である、請求項9に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、右心不全を伴う肺高血圧症である、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、左心性心疾患に伴う肺高血圧症である、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、肺疾患及び/又は低酸素血症に伴う肺高血圧症である、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、慢性血栓塞栓性肺高血圧症である、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、結合組織病に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症である、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- 結合組織病が、混合性結合組織病、又は全身性強皮症である、請求項15に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、門脈圧亢進症に伴う肺動脈性肺高血圧症である、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- 循環器疾患が、大型血管炎、大動脈瘤、及び大動脈解離からなる群より選択される、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- 経口投与用である、請求項4~18のいずれか一項に記載の医薬。
- 1日2回以上に分けて経口投与することを特徴とする、請求項19に記載の医薬。
- 1種又は2種以上の他の薬剤と組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする、請求項4~20のいずれか一項に記載の医薬。
- 請求項4に記載の医薬と、1種又は2種以上の他の薬剤が、異なる製剤の有効成分として別々に含有され、同時に、又は、異なる時間に投与されることを特徴とする、請求項21に記載の医薬。
- 請求項4に記載の医薬と、1種又は2種以上の他の薬剤が、単一製剤中に含有されていることを特徴とする、請求項21に記載の医薬。
- 他の薬剤が、血管拡張剤である、請求項21~23のいずれか一項に記載の医薬。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の剤、及び薬学上許容される担体を含有する医薬組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の剤を有効成分として含有する、心血管リモデリング抑制剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の剤を有効成分として含有する、肺動脈筋性化抑制剤。
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WO2010029925A1 (ja) | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-18 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 新規なプロスタグランジンi2誘導体 |
WO2011111714A1 (ja) | 2010-03-08 | 2011-09-15 | 科研製薬株式会社 | 新規なep4アゴニスト |
JP2021524494A (ja) * | 2018-07-12 | 2021-09-13 | ロッタファーム・バイオテック・エッセ・エッレ・エッレ | Ep4受容体アンタゴニストとしての(r)−4−(1−(1−(4−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジル)ピロジリン−2−カルボキサミド)シクロプロピル)安息香酸 |
JP2022080531A (ja) | 2020-11-18 | 2022-05-30 | 株式会社Soken | 熱交換器 |
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WO2011111714A1 (ja) | 2010-03-08 | 2011-09-15 | 科研製薬株式会社 | 新規なep4アゴニスト |
JP2021524494A (ja) * | 2018-07-12 | 2021-09-13 | ロッタファーム・バイオテック・エッセ・エッレ・エッレ | Ep4受容体アンタゴニストとしての(r)−4−(1−(1−(4−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジル)ピロジリン−2−カルボキサミド)シクロプロピル)安息香酸 |
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CN119212700A (zh) | 2024-12-27 |
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