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WO2023125498A1 - 一种有机化合物,包含其混合物,组合物,有机电子器件及其应用 - Google Patents

一种有机化合物,包含其混合物,组合物,有机电子器件及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2023125498A1
WO2023125498A1 PCT/CN2022/142222 CN2022142222W WO2023125498A1 WO 2023125498 A1 WO2023125498 A1 WO 2023125498A1 CN 2022142222 W CN2022142222 W CN 2022142222W WO 2023125498 A1 WO2023125498 A1 WO 2023125498A1
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organic
organic compound
groups
atoms
ring
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PCT/CN2022/142222
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French (fr)
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谭甲辉
张皓
潘君友
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浙江光昊光电科技有限公司
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Priority to CN202280084722.2A priority Critical patent/CN118451075A/zh
Publication of WO2023125498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023125498A1/zh
Priority to US18/756,237 priority patent/US20240343715A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D495/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D495/04Ortho-condensed systems
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    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14Carrier transporting layers
    • H10K50/15Hole transporting layers
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/654Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/657Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
    • H10K85/6572Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/657Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
    • H10K85/6574Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/657Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
    • H10K85/6576Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K2101/00Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
    • H10K2101/10Triplet emission
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K2101/00Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
    • H10K2101/30Highest occupied molecular orbital [HOMO], lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [LUMO] or Fermi energy values
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of organic electronic materials and devices, in particular to an organic compound, a mixture and a composition thereof.
  • the invention also relates to electronic devices, in particular electroluminescent devices, comprising said organic compounds, and their use.
  • OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
  • LCDs organic light-emitting diodes
  • lighting due to their structural diversity, relatively low fabrication cost, and superior optoelectronic performance.
  • Patent CN104541576A discloses a class of derivatives of triazine or pyrimidine, but the performance of the obtained device, especially the lifetime, needs to be continuously improved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an organic compound, including its mixture, composition and its application in organic electronic devices, aiming to solve the problems of existing organic electronic devices with low performance and device life. question.
  • a kind of organic compound has the structure shown in general formula (I):
  • X may in each case be identically or differently represented as CR 1 or N, wherein not more than two X are N per ring, preferably not more than one X is N per ring;
  • A is selected from the following general formula (A), and B is selected from the following general formula (B):
  • Y may in each case be the same or different as CR 2 or N, where no more than two Y groups per ring are N, or two adjacent Y groups may be respectively is a group represented by formula (I-1) and formula (I-2) and the remaining Y is in each case identical or different represented by CR 1 or N;
  • the same or different Ws are expressed as CR 5 or N, and at least one W is C-CN, and at least two Ws are N;
  • L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or a heteroaromatic group with 5-30 ring atoms; preferably, L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring atom is 6-30 aromatic or heteroaromatic groups;
  • L is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups or heteroaromatic groups with 5-30 ring atoms; preferably, L is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups with 6-30 ring atoms or heteroaromatic group.
  • R 1 -R 5 at each occurrence, may be identically or differently H, or D, or straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy having 1 to 20 C atoms, or having 3 to 20 C atoms Branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups with 20 C atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups, or substituted keto groups with 1 to 20 C atoms, or Alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 20 C atoms, or aryloxycarbonyl having 7 to 20 C atoms, cyano, carbamoyl, haloformyl, formyl, isocyano, isocyanate, thiocyanate Ester or isothiocyanate, hydroxyl, nitro, CF3 , Cl, Br, F, crosslinkable groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic rings with 5 to 40 ring atoms system, or an aryloxy or
  • a high polymer comprises at least one repeating unit, which comprises a structural unit represented by general formula (I).
  • HIM hole injection materials
  • HTM hole transport materials
  • ETM electron transport material
  • EIM electron injection material
  • EBM electron blocking material
  • HBM hole blocking material
  • HBM hole blocking material
  • Emitter emitter
  • organic dyes organic dyes.
  • a mixture comprising a first organic compound (H1) and a second organic compound (H2), said first organic compound (H1) comprising at least one organic compound as described above, said second organic compound (H2) It has hole transport properties, and the molar ratio of the first organic compound (H1) to the second organic compound (H2) ranges from 1:9 to 9:1.
  • a composition comprising an organic compound or high polymer as described above, and at least one organic solvent.
  • An organic electronic device comprising at least one organic compound or high polymer or mixture as described above.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound according to the present invention is used in OLEDs, especially as a light-emitting layer material, and can provide higher light-emitting stability and device life.
  • the invention provides an organic compound, its polymer, mixture and composition and its application in organic electronic devices.
  • the present invention will be further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
  • composition and printing ink, or ink have the same meaning, and they are interchangeable.
  • host material In the present invention, host material, host material, Host or Matrix material have the same meaning, and they can be interchanged.
  • metal-organic complexes metal-organic complexes, metal-organic complexes, and organometallic complexes have the same meaning and can be interchanged.
  • the present invention provides a kind of organic compound as shown in general formula (1):
  • X may in each case be identically or differently represented as CR 1 or N, wherein not more than two X are N per ring, preferably not more than one X is N per ring;
  • A is selected from the following general formula (A), and B is selected from the following general formula (B):
  • Y may in each case be the same or different as CR 2 or N, where no more than two Y groups per ring are N, or two adjacent Y groups may be respectively is a group represented by formula (I-1) and formula (I-2) and the remaining Y is in each case identical or different represented by CR 1 or N;
  • W is represented as CR 5 or N, and at least one W is C-CN, and at least two W are N;
  • L 1 is selected from a single bond, or substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms with 5-30 An aromatic group or a heteroaromatic group; preferably, L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or a heteroaromatic group with 6-30 ring atoms;
  • L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups or heteroaromatic groups with 5-30 ring atoms, and cannot be a single bond; preferably, L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms with 6- 30 aromatic or heteroaromatic groups.
  • R 1 -R 5 at each occurrence, may be identically or differently H, or D, or straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy having 1 to 20 C atoms, or having 3 to 20 C atoms Branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups with 20 C atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups, or substituted keto groups with 1 to 20 C atoms, or Alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 20 C atoms, or aryloxycarbonyl having 7 to 20 C atoms, cyanocarbamoyl, haloformyl, formyl, isocyano, isocyanate, thiocyanate or isothiocyanate, hydroxyl, nitro, CF3 , Cl, Br, F, crosslinkable groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems with 5 to 40 ring atoms , or an aryloxy or
  • Aromatic ring system or aromatic group refers to a hydrocarbon group comprising at least one aromatic ring, including monocyclic groups and polycyclic ring systems.
  • Aromatic heterocyclic ring system or heteroaromatic group refers to a hydrocarbon group (containing heteroatoms) comprising at least one aromatic heterocyclic ring, including monocyclic groups and polycyclic ring systems.
  • the heteroatoms are preferably selected from Si, N, P, O, S and/or Ge, particularly preferably from Si, N, P, O and/or S.
  • These polycyclic rings may have two or more rings in which two carbon atoms are shared by two adjacent rings, ie, fused rings. Of these ring species that are polycyclic, at least one is aromatic or heteroaromatic.
  • an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system includes not only aromatic or heteroaryl systems, but also systems in which multiple aromatic or heteroaryl groups may also be interrupted by short non-aromatic units ( ⁇ 10% non-H atoms, preferably less than 5% non-H atoms, such as C, N or O atoms).
  • systems such as 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, etc. are likewise considered aromatic ring systems for the purposes of this invention.
  • aromatic groups include: benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, perylene, naphthacene, pyrene, benzopyrene, triphenylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, and derivatives thereof.
  • heteroaromatic groups are: furan, benzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, imidazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiazole, tetrazole, indole, carbazole , pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrrole, thienothiophene, furopyrrole, furofuran, thienofuran, benzisoxazole, benzisothiazole, benzimidazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridine oxazine, pyrimidine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, quinoxaline, phenanthridine, primidine, quinazoline, quinazolinone, and their derivatives.
  • A is selected from the structures shown below:
  • R 6 is a substituent which, at each occurrence, may be identically or differently selected from D, or straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy having 1 to 20 C atoms, or having 3 to 20 C-atom branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups, or substituted keto groups with 1 to 20 C atoms, or Alkoxycarbonyl with 2 to 20 C atoms, or aryloxycarbonyl with 7 to 20 C atoms, cyanocarbamoyl, haloformyl, formyl, isocyano, isocyanate, thiocyanate or Isothiocyanate, hydroxyl, nitro, CF3 , Cl, Br, F, crosslinkable groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having 5 to 40 ring atoms, Or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having
  • A is selected from the structures shown below:
  • Ar is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having 5 to 40 ring atoms, or aryloxy or heteroaryloxy groups having 5 to 40 ring atoms, or these Combinations of radicals wherein one or more radicals may form a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring system with each other and/or the ring to which said radicals are bonded.
  • R 6 is as defined above.
  • Ar same or different is deuterated or unsubstituted substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 20 ring atoms, or deuterated or unsubstituted Deuterated aryloxy or heteroaryloxy groups having 5 to 20 ring atoms, or combinations of these groups, wherein one or more groups can be bonded to each other and/or to the ring of said group Form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring systems.
  • Ar same or different is deuterated or undeuterated substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 15 ring atoms, or deuterated or Undeuterated aryloxy or heteroaryloxy radicals having 5 to 15 ring atoms, or combinations of these, wherein one or more radicals can be bonded to each other and/or to said radicals
  • the rings form monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring systems.
  • Ar is biphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, fluorene, silfluorene, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, triphenylamine, Groups such as triphenylphosphine, tetraphenylsilicon, spirofluorene, spirosilafluorene, etc., more preferably groups such as biphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, and dibenzofuran.
  • Ar is biphenyl
  • Ar is benzene
  • the organic compound according to the present invention is selected from the structures shown in general formula (II-1) to (II-14):
  • n and n are integers selected from 0-3, the meaning of R is the same as that of R 6 , and the meanings of X, Y, W, Q, L 1 , L 2 , m, and n are as above.
  • L 1 -L 2 are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups, heteroaromatic groups, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy groups having 5 to 40 ring atoms, or combinations of these groups,
  • a ring in which one or more radicals are bonded to each other and/or to said radicals forms a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring system.
  • L 1 -L 2 are independently selected from the following groups and combinations thereof:
  • L 1 -L 2 are independently selected from the following groups or combinations thereof:
  • the H atom on the ring can be further substituted.
  • L is a single bond.
  • Organic functional materials can be divided into hole injection materials (HIM), hole transport materials (HTM), electron transport materials (ETM), electron injection materials (EIM), electron blocking materials (EBM), hole blocking materials (HBM) , Emitter, host material (Host).
  • HIM hole injection materials
  • HTM hole transport materials
  • ETM electron transport materials
  • EIM electron injection materials
  • EBM electron blocking materials
  • HBM hole blocking materials
  • Emitter host material
  • HIM hole injection materials
  • HIM hole injection materials
  • EBM electron blocking materials
  • HBM hole blocking materials
  • Emitter Emitter
  • host material HIM
  • the organic compound according to the invention can be used as a host material, or an electron transport material.
  • the organic compound according to the invention can be used as a phosphorescent host material.
  • the organic compound according to the invention has T1 ⁇ 2.3 eV, preferably ⁇ 2.4 eV, more preferably ⁇ 2.5 eV, most preferably ⁇ 2.6 eV.
  • Tg ⁇ 100°C in a preferred embodiment, Tg ⁇ 120°C, in a more preferred embodiment, Tg ⁇ 140°C, in a more preferred embodiment
  • Tg ⁇ 160°C in a preferred embodiment
  • Tg ⁇ 180°C in a preferred embodiment
  • the organic compound according to the present invention has a small singlet-triplet energy level difference ( ⁇ Est), preferably its ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.3eV, second best is ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.2eV, more preferably ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.15eV, particularly preferably ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.10eV, most preferably ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.08eV.
  • ⁇ Est small singlet-triplet energy level difference
  • the organic compound of the present invention its (HOMO-(HOMO-1)) ⁇ 0.2eV, preferably ⁇ 0.25eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.3eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.35 eV, very preferably ⁇ 0.4 eV, most preferably ⁇ 0.45 eV.
  • the organic compound of the present invention it is partially deuterated, preferably 10% of H is deuterated, more preferably 20% of H is deuterated, and it is very good 30% H is deuterated, preferably 40% of H is deuterated.
  • the organic compounds of the invention are used in evaporative OLED devices.
  • the organic compounds according to the invention have a molecular weight of ⁇ 1000 mol/kg, preferably ⁇ 900 mol/kg, very preferably ⁇ 850 mol/kg, more preferably ⁇ 800 mol/kg, most preferably ⁇ 700 mol/kg.
  • the present invention also relates to a high polymer, wherein at least one repeating unit contains the structure shown in general formula (1).
  • the high polymer is a non-conjugated high polymer, wherein the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) is on the side chain.
  • the high polymer is a conjugated high polymer.
  • small molecule refers to a molecule that is not a polymer, oligomer, dendrimer, or blend. In particular, there are no repeating structures in small molecules.
  • the molecular weight of the small molecule is ⁇ 3000 g/mol, preferably ⁇ 2000 g/mol, most preferably ⁇ 1500 g/mol.
  • Polymer namely Polymer, includes homopolymer (homopolymer), copolymer (copolymer), mosaic copolymer (block copolymer).
  • polymers also include dendrimers.
  • dendrons please refer to [Dendrimers and Dendrons, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KGaA, 2002, Ed.George R.Newkome, Charles N. Moorefield, Fritz Vogtle.].
  • the synthesis method of the polymer is selected from SUZUKI-, YAMAMOTO-, STILLE-, NIGESHI-, KUMADA-, HECK-, SONOGASHIRA-, HIYAMA-, FUKUYAMA-, HARTWIG-BUCHWALD- and ULLMAN.
  • the polymer according to the present invention has a glass transition temperature (Tg) ⁇ 100°C, preferably ⁇ 120°C, more preferably ⁇ 140°C, more preferably ⁇ 160°C, and most preferably ⁇ 180°C.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the value range of its molecular weight distribution is preferably 1-5, more preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, more preferably 1 ⁇ 2, most preferably 1 ⁇ 1.5.
  • its weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably in the range of 10,000 to 1 million, more preferably 50,000 to 500,000, more preferably 100,000 to 400,000 10,000, more preferably 150,000 to 300,000, most preferably 200,000 to 250,000.
  • the present invention also relates to a mixture comprising the above-mentioned organic compound or the above-mentioned high polymer, and at least another organic functional material, the other organic functional material being selected from hole injection materials (HIM) , Hole Transport Material (HTM), Electron Transport Material (ETM), Electron Injection Material (EIM), Electron Blocking Material (EBM), Hole Blocking Material (HBM), Emitter (Emitter), Host Material (Host) and organic dyes.
  • hole injection materials HTM
  • HTM Hole Transport Material
  • ETM Electron Transport Material
  • EIM Electron Injection Material
  • EBM Electron Blocking Material
  • HBM Hole Blocking Material
  • Emitter Emitter
  • Host Material Host Material
  • organic dyes Host Material
  • organic functional materials can be small molecules and polymer materials.
  • said mixture comprises an organic compound or polymer according to the invention, and a phosphorescent emitter.
  • the organic compound according to the present invention can be used as the host, and the weight percentage of the phosphorescent emitter is ⁇ 20wt%, preferably ⁇ 15wt%, more preferably ⁇ 10wt%, most preferably ⁇ 8wt%.
  • the mixture comprises an organic compound or polymer according to the invention, another host material and a phosphorescent emitter.
  • the organic compound according to the present invention is used as the co-host material, and its weight percentage is ⁇ 10 wt%, preferably ⁇ 20 wt%, more preferably ⁇ 30 wt%, most preferably ⁇ 40 wt%.
  • said mixture comprises an organic compound or polymer according to the present invention, a phosphorescent emitter and a host material.
  • the organic compound according to the invention can be used as auxiliary luminescent material in a weight ratio of from 1:2 to 2:1 to the phosphorescent emitter.
  • the T1 of the organic compound according to the invention is higher than that of the phosphorescent emitter.
  • the mixture comprises an organic compound or polymer according to the present invention, and another TADF material.
  • the mixture according to the invention comprises a first organic compound (H1) and a second organic compound (H2), said first organic compound (H1) being selected from the organic compounds as described above or In a high polymer, the second organic compound (H2) has hole transport properties.
  • the second organic compound (H2) is selected from hole (also called hole) injection or transport materials (HIM/HTM), and organic host materials (Host).
  • hole also called hole injection or transport materials
  • Host organic host materials
  • At least one of the first organic compound (H1) and the second organic compound (H2) has ((LUMO+1)-LUMO) ⁇ 0.2eV, which is higher than Preferably it is ⁇ 0.25eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.3eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.35eV, very preferably ⁇ 0.4eV, most preferably ⁇ 0.45eV.
  • the ((LUMO+1)-LUMO) of the first organic compound (H1) ⁇ 0.2eV, preferably ⁇ 0.25eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.3eV , more preferably ⁇ 0.35eV, very preferably ⁇ 0.4eV, most preferably ⁇ 0.45eV.
  • At least one of the first organic compound (H1) and the second organic compound (H2) has (HOMO-(HOMO-1)) ⁇ 0.2eV, which is higher than Preferably it is ⁇ 0.25eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.3eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.35eV, very preferably ⁇ 0.4eV, most preferably ⁇ 0.45eV.
  • the (HOMO-(HOMO-1)) of the second organic compound (H2) ⁇ 0.2eV, preferably ⁇ 0.25eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.3eV , more preferably ⁇ 0.35eV, very preferably ⁇ 0.4eV, most preferably ⁇ 0.45eV.
  • the mixture wherein 1) (S1-T1) of the first organic compound (H1) is ⁇ 0.30eV, preferably ⁇ 0.25eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.20eV, Preferably ⁇ 0.10eV, and/or 2) the LUMO of the second organic compound (H2) is higher than the LUMO of the first organic compound (H1), and the HOMO of the second organic compound (H2) is lower than that of the first organic compound ( H1) HOMO.
  • the mixture wherein the first organic compound (H1) and the second organic compound (H2) have a type II semiconductor heterojunction structure, and min(LUMO(H1)-HOMO( H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1)) ⁇ min(E T (H1),ET ( H2 ))+0.1eV, where LUMO(H1), HOMO(H1) and E T (H1) are The lowest unoccupied orbital, the highest occupied orbital, and the energy level of the triplet state of H1, LUMO (H2), HOMO (H2) and E T (H2) are the lowest unoccupied orbital, the highest occupied orbital, and the energy level of the triplet state of H2, respectively .
  • the first organic compound (H1) and the second organic compound (H2) have a type I semiconductor heterojunction structure, and the first organic compound (H1) or the second organic compound (H2 ) of the singlet state energy level and the triplet state energy level difference (S1-T1) is less than or equal to 0.25eV, preferably less than or equal to 0.20eV, more preferably less than or equal to 0.15eV, most preferably less than or equal to 0.10eV.
  • the mixture wherein the molar ratio of the first organic compound (H1) to the second organic compound (H2) is from 1:9 to 9:1, preferably 2:8 to 8 : 2; the preferred molar ratio is 3:7 to 7:3; the more preferred molar ratio is 4:6 to 6:4; the most preferred molar ratio is 4.5:5.5 to 5.5:4.5.
  • the mixture, wherein the molecular weight difference between the first organic compound (H1) and the second organic compound (H2) is no more than 100 Dalton, preferably no more than 80 Dalton, more preferably no more than 70 Dalton , more preferably not more than 60Dalton, very preferably not more than 40Dalton, most preferably not more than 30Dalton.
  • the mixture wherein the difference between the sublimation temperatures of the first organic compound (H1) and the second organic compound (H2) does not exceed 50K; more preferably, the difference between the sublimation temperatures does not exceed 30K; More preferably the difference in sublimation temperature is not more than 20K; most preferably the difference in sublimation temperature is not more than 10K.
  • At least one of the first organic compound (H1) and the second organic compound (H2) in the mixture of the present invention has a glass transition temperature Tg ⁇ 100°C, in a preferred embodiment , at least one of which has a Tg ⁇ 120 ° C, in a more preferred embodiment, at least one of which has a Tg ⁇ 140 ° C, in a more preferred embodiment, at least one of which has a Tg ⁇ 160 ° C, in one of the most In preferred embodiments, at least one has a Tg ⁇ 180°C.
  • the second organic compound (H2) in the mixture is selected from any one of the chemical formula (III-1) or the combination of (III-2) and (III-3):
  • G 1 and G 2 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups or heteroaromatic groups with 6 to 30 ring atoms; K is independently a single bond or CR in each occurrence 18 R 19 ; s is 0 or 1 independently of each other when appearing each time; two adjacent * of chemical formula (III-2) are connected with chemical formula (III-3), and chemical formula (III-2) is not connected with chemical formula (III-3)
  • the connected * is independently CR 20 ;
  • L 3 -L 5 has the same meaning as the aforementioned L 1 ;
  • R 12 -R 17 has the same meaning as the aforementioned R 6 ;
  • R 18 -R 20 has the same meaning as the aforementioned R 1 have the same meaning;
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups with 6-30 ring atoms or heteroaromatic groups with 5-30 ring atoms.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently selected from the following groups and combinations thereof:
  • R 21 and R 22 are the same as R 1 .
  • the above groups are optionally replaced by 0, 1, 2 or 3 selected from D, F, Cl, Br, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro Fluorenyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl substituted.
  • the second organic compound (H2) in the mixture is a compound represented by one of the following general formulas (IV-1)-(IV-6):
  • G 1 , G 2 , K, R 12 -R 17 , R 20 , L 3 -L 5 , Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and s have the same meanings as above.
  • the host material, phosphorescent material and TADF material will be described in more detail below (but not limited thereto).
  • Triplet host material (TripletHost):
  • triplet host materials are not particularly limited, and any metal complex or organic compound may be used as a host as long as its triplet energy level is higher than that of the emitter, especially a triplet emitter or a phosphorescent emitter , examples of metal complexes that can be used as triplet hosts (Host) include (but are not limited to) the following general structures:
  • M3 is a metal
  • (Y 3 -Y 4 ) is a bidentate ligand, Y 3 and Y 4 are independently selected from C, N, O, P or S
  • L is an auxiliary ligand
  • r2 is an integer, Its value ranges from 1 to the maximum coordination number for this metal.
  • metal complexes useful as triplet hosts have the form:
  • (O-N) is a two-dentate ligand in which the metal is coordinated to O and N atoms, and r2 is an integer whose value ranges from 1 to the maximum coordination number of the metal.
  • M3 can be selected from Ir and P.
  • organic compounds that can be used as triplet hosts are selected from compounds containing ring aromatic hydrocarbon groups, such as benzene, biphenyl, triphenylbenzene, benzofluorene; compounds containing aromatic heterocyclic groups, such as dibenzothiophene, Dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoselenophene, carbazole, dibenzocarbazole, indolecarbazole, pyridine indole, pyrrole dipyridine, Pyrazole, imidazole, triazoles, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, thiadiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, oxazine, oxathiazine , oxadia
  • each Ar can be further substituted, and the substituents can be hydrogen, deuterium, cyano, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkene, alkyne, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl base.
  • the triplet host material can be selected from compounds comprising at least one of the following groups:
  • X 9 is selected from CR 8 R 9 or NR 10
  • Y is selected from CR 8 R 9 or NR 10 or O or S.
  • n2 X 1 -X 8 , Ar 1 -Ar 3 are the same as above, and the meanings of R 1 -R 10 are the same as R 1 .
  • triplet host materials examples include:
  • Triplet emitters are also called phosphorescent emitters.
  • the triplet emitter is a metal complex having the general formula M(L)n, wherein M is a metal atom, L can be the same or different at each occurrence, and is an organic ligand , which is bonded or coordinated to the metal atom M through one or more positions, n is an integer greater than 1, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
  • the metal complexes are attached to a polymer at one or more locations, preferably via organic ligands.
  • the metal atom M is selected from transition metal elements or lanthanides or actinides, preferably Ir, Pt, Pd, Au, Rh, Ru, Os, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy , Re, Cu or Ag, especially Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Re, Pd, Au or Pt are preferred.
  • triplet emitters contain chelating ligands, i.e. ligands, which coordinate to the metal via at least two binding sites, and it is particularly preferred that triplet emitters contain two or three identical or different doublet Dental or multidentate ligands. Chelating ligands are beneficial to improve the stability of metal complexes.
  • organic ligands may be selected from phenylpyridine derivatives, 7,8-benzoquinoline derivatives, 2(2-thienyl)pyridine derivatives, 2(1-naphthyl)pyridine derivatives, or 2-benzene Quinoline derivatives. All these organic ligands may be substituted, for example by fluorine-containing or trifluoromethyl groups.
  • Auxiliary ligands can preferably be selected from acetone acetate or picric acid.
  • the metal complexes useful as triplet emitters have the form:
  • M is a metal selected from transition metals or lanthanides or actinides, with particular preference being Ir, Pt, Au;
  • Each occurrence of Ar 1 which may be the same or different, is a cyclic group containing at least one donor atom, an atom with a lone pair of electrons, such as nitrogen or phosphorus, through which the cyclic group coordinates to the metal Linkage; each occurrence of Ar 2 may be the same or different, and is a cyclic group containing at least one C atom through which the cyclic group is linked to the metal; Ar 1 and Ar 2 are covalently bonded at Together, they can each carry one or more substituent groups, and they can also be linked together through substituent groups; L' can be the same or different each time it occurs, and is a bidentate chelating auxiliary ligand, preferably It is a monoanionic bidentate chelating ligand; q1 can be 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2 or 3; q2 can be 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 0.
  • triplet emitter materials and applications can be found in the following patent documents and literature: WO 200070655, WO 200141512, WO 200202714, WO 200215645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 2005033244, WO 200501 9373, US 2005 /0258742, WO 2009146770, WO 2010015307, WO 2010031485, WO 2010054731, WO 2010054728, WO 2010086089, WO 2010099852, WO 2010102709, US 2007008 7219 A1, US 20090061681 A1, US 20010053462 A1, Baldo, Thompson et al.
  • triplet emitters Some examples of suitable triplet emitters are listed below:
  • This type of material generally has a small singlet-triplet energy level difference ( ⁇ Est), and the triplet excitons can be transformed into singlet excitons to emit light through anti-intersystem crossing. This can take full advantage of the singlet and triplet excitons formed under electrical excitation.
  • the quantum efficiency in the device can reach 100%.
  • the structure of the material is controllable, the property is stable, the price is cheap and no precious metal is needed, and the application prospect in the field of OLED is broad.
  • the TADF material needs to have a small singlet-triplet energy level difference, preferably ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.3eV, second best ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.2eV, most preferably ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.1eV.
  • the TADF material has relatively small ⁇ Est, and in another preferred embodiment, TADF has better fluorescence quantum efficiency.
  • TADF luminescent materials can be found in the following patent documents: CN103483332(A), TW201309696(A), TW201309778(A), TW201343874(A), TW201350558(A), US20120217869(A1), WO2013133359(A1) , WO2013154064 ( A1), Adachi, et.al.Adv.Mater., 21, 2009, 4802, Adachi, et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett., 98, 2011, 083302, Adachi, et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett ., 101, 2012, 093306, Adachi, et.al.Chem.Commun., 48, 2012, 11392, Adachi, et.al.Nature Photonics, 6, 2012, 253, Adachi, et.al.Nature, 492, 2012, 234, Adachi, et.al.J.Am.Chem.Soc, 134,
  • TADF luminescent materials Some examples of suitable TADF luminescent materials are listed below:
  • the organic compounds according to the invention are used in evaporation-type OLED devices.
  • the organic compounds according to the invention have a molecular weight of ⁇ 1000 g/mol, preferably ⁇ 900 g/mol, very preferably ⁇ 850 g/mol, more preferably ⁇ 800 g/mol, most preferably ⁇ 700 g/mol.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a material solution for printing OLEDs.
  • the organic compounds according to the invention have a molecular weight of ⁇ 700 g/mol, preferably ⁇ 800 g/mol, very preferably ⁇ 900 g/mol, more preferably ⁇ 1000 g/mol, most preferably ⁇ 1100 g/mol.
  • the organic compound according to the present invention has a solubility in toluene at 25°C of ⁇ 10 mg/ml, preferably ⁇ 15 mg/ml, most preferably ⁇ 20 mg/ml.
  • the invention still further relates to a composition or ink comprising an organic compound or polymer according to the invention and at least one organic solvent.
  • the viscosity and surface tension of the ink are important parameters.
  • the surface tension parameters of suitable inks are tailored to the specific substrate and specific printing method.
  • the surface tension of the ink according to the present invention is approximately in the range of 19dyne/cm to 50dyne/cm at working temperature or at 25°C; more preferably in the range of 22dyne/cm to 35dyne/cm; most preferably It is in the range of 25dyne/cm to 33dyne/cm.
  • the ink according to the present invention has a viscosity in the range of 1 cps to 100 cps at the working temperature or at 25° C.; preferably in the range of 1 cps to 50 cps; more preferably in the range of 1.5 cps to 20 cps; most preferably The best is in the range of 4.0cps to 20cps.
  • Compositions so formulated will facilitate inkjet printing.
  • Viscosity can be adjusted by different methods, such as by suitable solvent selection and concentration of functional materials in the ink.
  • the ink containing the metal-organic complex or high polymer according to the present invention can facilitate people to adjust the printing ink in an appropriate range according to the printing method used.
  • the weight ratio of the functional material contained in the composition of the present invention is in the range of 0.3% to 30wt%, preferably in the range of 0.5% to 20wt%, more preferably in the range of 0.5% to 15wt%, more preferably It is in the range of 0.5% to 10wt%, preferably in the range of 1% to 5wt%.
  • the at least one organic solvent is selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic solvents, especially aliphatic chain/ring substituted aromatic solvents, or aromatic ketones solvent, or aromatic ether solvent.
  • solvents suitable for the present invention are, but not limited to: Aromatic or heteroaromatic based solvents: p-diisopropylbenzene, pentylbenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, cyclohexylbenzene, chloronaphthalene, 1,4-dimethyl Basenaphthalene, 3-isopropylbiphenyl, p-methylcumene, pentapentylbenzene, tripentylbenzene, pentyltoluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-diethylbenzene, m-diethylbenzene Benzene, p-diethylbenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, butylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, di Hexyl
  • the at least one solvent can be selected from: aliphatic ketones, for example, 2-nonanone, 3-nonanone, 5-nonanone, 2-decanone, 2,5 -Hexanedione, 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonanone, phorone, di-n-amyl ketone, etc.; or aliphatic ethers, such as pentyl ether, hexyl ether, dioctyl ether, ethylene glycol Alcohol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether , Tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, etc.
  • aliphatic ketones for example, 2-nonanone, 3-nonanone, 5-non
  • the printing ink further contains another organic solvent.
  • another organic solvent include (but are not limited to): methanol, ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, morpholine, Toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1,2-dichloroethane, 3-phenoxytoluene, 1,1 , 1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydronaphthalene , decalin, indene and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the composition according to the invention is a solution.
  • composition according to the invention is a suspension.
  • composition in the embodiment of the present invention may include 0.01 to 20 wt % of the organic compound or its mixture according to the present invention, preferably 0.1 to 15 wt %, more preferably 0.2 to 10 wt %, most preferably 0.25 to 5% by weight of organic compounds or mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the composition as coating or printing ink in the preparation of organic electronic devices, particularly preferably the preparation method by printing or coating.
  • suitable printing or coating techniques include (but are not limited to) inkjet printing, jet printing (Nozzle Printing), letterpress printing, screen printing, dip coating, spin coating, doctor blade coating, roller printing, reverse roller Printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, rotary printing, spraying, brushing or pad printing, slot die coating, etc.
  • Preferred are inkjet printing, jet printing and gravure printing.
  • the solution or suspension may additionally include one or more components such as surface-active compounds, lubricants, wetting agents, dispersants, hydrophobic agents, binders, etc., for adjusting viscosity, film-forming properties, improving adhesion, etc.
  • the present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned organic compound in an organic electronic device
  • the organic electronic device may be selected from, but not limited to, organic light-emitting diode (OLED), organic photovoltaic cell (OPV), organic light-emitting Battery (OLEEC), Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET), Organic Light Emitting Field Effect Transistor, Organic Laser, Organic Spintronic Devices, Organic Sensor and Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode), etc., OLED is particularly preferred .
  • the organic compounds are preferably used in the emitting layer of OLED devices.
  • the invention further relates to an organic electronic device comprising at least one functional layer comprising an organic compound or polymer as described above.
  • the organic electronic device comprises a cathode, an anode and at least one functional layer
  • the functional layer comprises an organic compound or a high polymer or a mixture as mentioned above or is prepared from the above composition.
  • the functional layer is selected from hole injection layer (HIL), hole transport layer (HTL), light emitting layer (EML), electron blocking layer (EBL), electron injection layer (EIL), electron transport layer (ETL), hole Hole blocking layer (HBL), charge generation layer (CGL).
  • the organic electronic device can be selected from, but not limited to, organic light emitting diode (OLED), organic photovoltaic cell (OPV), organic light emitting cell (OLEEC), organic field effect transistor (OFET), organic light emitting field effect transistor, organic Lasers, organic spintronic devices, organic sensors, and organic plasmon emitting diodes (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode), etc., are particularly preferred organic electroluminescent devices, such as OLEDs, OLEECs, and organic light-emitting field effect tubes.
  • the organic electronic device is an electroluminescent device, which includes a substrate, an anode, at least one light-emitting layer, a cathode, and optionally a hole transport layer.
  • an organic compound or polymer according to the present invention is included in the hole transport layer.
  • the organic electronic device comprises a light-emitting layer, which contains an organic compound or polymer according to the present invention, more preferably, contains a light-emitting layer according to the present invention
  • the luminescent material can be preferably a fluorescent light emitter, a phosphorescent light emitter, or a TADF material.
  • the device structure of the electroluminescent device is described below, but not limited thereto.
  • the substrate can be opaque or transparent.
  • a transparent substrate can be used to make a transparent light-emitting device. See, eg, Bulovic et al. Nature 1996, 380, p29, and Gu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 68, p2606.
  • the substrate can be rigid or flexible.
  • the substrate can be plastic, metal, semiconductor wafer or glass.
  • Preferably the substrate has a smooth surface. Substrates free of surface defects are particularly desirable.
  • the substrate is flexible and can be selected from polymer film or plastic, and its glass transition temperature Tg is above 150°C, preferably above 200°C, more preferably above 250°C, most preferably over 300°C. Examples of suitable flexible substrates are poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyethylene glycol (2,6-naphthalene) (PEN).
  • the anode may comprise a conductive metal or metal oxide, or a conductive polymer.
  • the anode can easily inject holes into the hole injection layer (HIL) or the hole transport layer (HTL) or the light emitting layer.
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • HTL hole transport layer
  • the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the anode and the emitter in the light emitting layer or the HOMO energy level or the valence band energy level of the p-type semiconductor material as HIL or HTL or electron blocking layer (EBL) It is less than 0.5eV, preferably less than 0.3eV, most preferably less than 0.2eV.
  • anode materials include, but are not limited to: Al, Cu, Au, Ag, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO, aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), and the like.
  • suitable anode materials are known and can be readily selected for use by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the anode material may be deposited using any suitable technique, such as a suitable physical vapor deposition method, including radio frequency magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam (e-beam), and the like.
  • the anode is pattern structured. Patterned ITO conductive substrates are commercially available and can be used to fabricate devices according to the present invention.
  • the cathode can comprise a conductive metal or metal oxide.
  • the cathode can easily inject electrons into the EIL or ETL or directly into the emissive layer.
  • the absolute value of the difference in conduction band energy levels is less than 0.5 eV, preferably less than 0.3 eV, most preferably less than 0.2 eV.
  • all materials which can be used as cathodes for OLEDs are possible as cathode materials for the devices according to the invention.
  • cathode materials include, but are not limited to: Al, Au, Ag, Ca, Ba, Mg, LiF/Al, MgAg alloys, BaF2/Al, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO, etc.
  • the cathode material may be deposited using any suitable technique, such as a suitable physical vapor deposition method, including radio frequency magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam (e-beam), and the like.
  • OLEDs can also contain other functional layers such as hole injection layer (HIL), hole transport layer (HTL), electron blocking layer (EBL), electron injection layer (EIL), electron transport layer (ETL), hole blocking layer (HBL). Materials suitable for use in these functional layers are described in detail above.
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • HTL hole transport layer
  • EBL electron blocking layer
  • EIL electron injection layer
  • ETL electron transport layer
  • HBL hole blocking layer
  • its electron transport layer (ETL) or hole blocking layer (HBL) comprises the organic compound or high polymer according to the present invention, and by the method of solution processing Prepared.
  • its light-emitting wavelength is between 300 and 1000 nm, preferably between 350 and 900 nm, more preferably between 400 and 800 nm.
  • the present invention also relates to the application of the electroluminescent device according to the present invention in various electronic devices, including, but not limited to, display devices, lighting devices, light sources, sensors and the like.
  • the energy levels of organic materials can be obtained through quantum calculations, such as using TD-DFT (time-dependent density functional theory) through Gaussian03W (Gaussian Inc.).
  • TD-DFT time-dependent density functional theory
  • Gaussian03W Gaussian Inc.
  • the semi-empirical method “Ground State/Semi-empirical/Default Spin/AM1" (Charge 0/Spin Singlet) is used to optimize the molecular geometry, and then the energy structure of organic molecules is determined by the TD-DFT (time-dependent density functional theory) method Calculate "TD-SCF/DFT/Default Spin/B3PW91" and the basis set "6-31G(d)” (Charge 0/Spin Singlet).
  • the HOMO and LUMO energy levels are calculated according to the calibration formula below, and S1 and T1 are used directly.
  • HOMO(eV) ((HOMO(G) ⁇ 27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
  • HOMO(G) and LUMO(G) are the direct calculation results of Gaussian 03W, and the unit is Hartree.
  • the results are shown in Table 1:
  • the preparation process of the above-mentioned OLED device is described in detail below through specific examples.
  • the structure of the green OLED device is: ITO/HI/HI-1/HT-2/EML/ET Liq/Liq/Al, device embodiment 1
  • the preparation steps are as follows:
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • solvents such as one or more in chloroform, acetone or isopropanol
  • HI (30nm), HT-1 (50nm), HT-2 (10nm), host material: 10% GD (40nm), ET: Liq (50:50; 30nm), Liq (1nm), Al (100nm ) in high vacuum (1 ⁇ 10 -6 mbar) by thermal evaporation; move the ITO substrate into the vacuum vapor deposition equipment, and use resistance heating evaporation source under high vacuum (1 ⁇ 10 -6 mbar)
  • An HI layer with a thickness of 30 nm is formed, and a 50 nm HT-1 layer and a 10 nm HT-2 layer are sequentially heated on the HI layer.
  • compound 1 is placed in one evaporation unit, and compound GD is placed in another evaporation unit as a dopant, so that the material is vaporized at different rates, so that the weight ratio of compound: GD is 100:10, and the compound on the hole transport layer A luminescent layer of 40 nm was formed.
  • ET and LiQ were placed in different evaporation units, so that they were co-deposited at a ratio of 50% by weight to form a 30nm electron transport layer on the light-emitting layer, and then 1nm LiQ was deposited on the electron transport layer as an electron injection layer. , finally depositing an Al cathode with a thickness of 100 nm on the electron injection layer;
  • Encapsulation The device is encapsulated with ultraviolet curable resin in a nitrogen glove box.
  • the implementation method of the device embodiment 2-20 is the same as that of the device embodiment 1.
  • co-hosts mean that the two compounds are placed in different evaporation units, and the weight ratio of the control materials is 50:50).
  • the current-voltage and luminescence (IVL) characteristics of green OLED devices are characterized by characterization equipment, and important parameters such as efficiency, lifetime and driving voltage are recorded at the same time.
  • the performance of the green OLED devices is summarized in Table 2. where the lifetimes are values relative to the comparative scale.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种有机化合物,包含其的聚合物、混合物和组合物,及其在有机电子器件中的应用,特别是在有机电致发光二极管中的应用。本发明还公开了包含有按照本发明的有机化合物的有机电子器件,特别是有机电致发光二极管,及其在显示及照明技术中的应用。本发明还进一步公开了使用按照本发明的组合物制备的有机电子器件,及制备方法。通过器件结构优化,可达到较佳的器件性能,特别是可实现高性能的OLED器件,对全彩显示和照明应用提供了较好的材料和制备技术选项。

Description

一种有机化合物,包含其混合物,组合物,有机电子器件及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及有机电子材料和器件技术领域,特别涉及一种有机化合物,包含其的混合物和组合物。本发明还涉及包含所述有机化合物的电子器件特别是电致发光器件,及其应用。
背景技术
有机半导体材料具有结构多样性、制造成本相对较低、光电性能优越等特性,在有机发光二极管(OLED)等光电器件(例如平板显示器和照明)方面的应用具有巨大的潜力。
为了提高有机发光二极管的发光性能,推进有机发光二极管大范围产业化进程,各类有机光电性能材料体系已被广泛地开发。但OLED的性能,特别是寿命仍有待进一步提高。高效稳定的有机光电材料急需被开发出来。
从分子方面考虑,有机分子的密堆积容易形成激子的非辐射跃迁和荧光淬灭;结构方面,缺电子基团,以含氮芳杂环为例,由于平面性相对较好,结构稳定性相对较差,很大程度上影响光电材料的可加工性及光电器件的性能和寿命。因此,对有机光电分子的缺电子基团进行适当的空间修饰和保护,将有利于提高该类分子的稳定性和光电性能。但目前对相关材料的研究仍不多。专利CN104541576A公开了一类三嗪或嘧啶的衍生物,但所获得的器件性能特别是寿命有待继续提高。
为了达到实用化要求,需要进一步开发更高性能的分子结构。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种有机化合物,包含其混合物、组合物及其在有机电子器件中的应用,旨在解决现有的有机电子器件性能及器件寿命低的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种有机化合物,具有通式(I)所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000001
其中,Q选自O或S;X在每种情况下可相同或不同的表示为CR 1或N,其中每个环不超过两个X为N,优选每个环不超过一个X为N;
A选自如下通式(A),B选自如下通式(B):
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000002
其中*表示连接的位置;Y在每种情况下可相同或不同的表示为CR 2或N,其中每个环不超过两个Y基团是N,或者两个相邻的Y基团可以分别是式(I-1)和式(I-2)表示的基团并且其余的Y在每种情况下相同或不同的表示为CR 1或N;
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000003
其中虚线键表示该基团的键联位置(即通式(A)中Y=Y或Y-Y的位置),X的定义如上述,Q 1选自O、S、NR 2、CR 3R 4
W相同或不同的表示为CR 5或N,且至少有一个W为C-CN,同时至少有两个W为N;
L 1选自单键,或取代或未取代的环原子数为5-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团;优选的,L 1选自单键,或取代或未取代的环原子数为6-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团;
L 2选自取代或未取代的环原子数为5-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团;优选的,L 2选自取代或未取代的环原子数为6-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团。
R 1-R 5在每次出现时,可以相同或不同地是H,或D,或者具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者是取代或无取代的甲硅烷基,或具有1至20个C原子的取代的酮基,或具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基,或具有7至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基,氰基,氨基甲酰基,卤甲酰基,甲酰基,异氰基,异氰酸酯,硫氰酸酯或异硫氰酸酯,羟基,硝基,CF 3,Cl,Br,F,可交联的基团,或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或这些基团的组合,其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
一种高聚物,包含至少一个重复单元,其包含有通式(I)所示的结构单元。
一种混合物,包括一种如上所述的有机化合物或高聚物,及至少一种有机功能材料,所述的另一种有机功能材料可选自空穴注入材料(HIM)、空穴传输材料(HTM)、电子传输材料(ETM),、电子注入材料(EIM)、电子阻挡材料(EBM)、空穴阻挡材料(HBM)、发光体(Emitter)、主体材料(Host)和有机染料。
一种混合物,包含第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2),所述第一有机化合物(H1)包含至少一种如上所述的有机化合物,所述第二有机化合物(H2)具有空穴传输特性,且第一有机化合物(H1)与第二有机化合物(H2)的摩尔比范围为1:9至9:1。
一种组合物,包括一种如上所述的有机化合物或高聚物,及至少一种有机溶剂。
一种如上所述的有机化合物或高聚物在有机电子器件中的应用。
一种有机电子器件,至少包括一种如上所述的有机化合物或高聚物或混合物。
有益效果:按照本发明的含氮化合物用于OLED中,特别是作为发光层材料,能提供较高的发光稳定性和器件寿命。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种有机化合物,包含其的聚合物,混合物和组合物及其在有机电子器件中的应用。为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明中,组合物和印刷油墨,或油墨具有相同的含义,它们之间可以互换。
在本发明中,主体材料,基质材料,Host或Matrix材料具有相同的含义,它们之间可以互换。
在本发明中,金属有机络合物,金属有机配合物,有机金属配合物具有相同的含义,可以互换。
本发明提供一种如通式(1)所示的有机化合物:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000004
其中,Q选自O或S;X在每种情况下可相同或不同的表示为CR 1或N,其中每个环不超过两个X为N,优选每个环不超过一个X为N;
A选自如下通式(A),B选自如下通式(B):
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000005
其中*表示连接的位置;Y在每种情况下可相同或不同的表示为CR 2或N,其中每个环不超过两个Y基团是N,或者两个相邻的Y基团可以分别是式(I-1)和式(I-2)表示的基团并且其余的Y在每种情况下相同或不同的表示为CR 1或N;
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000006
其中虚线键表示该基团的键联位置(即通式(A)中Y=Y或Y-Y的位置),X的定义如上述,Q 1选自O、S、NR 2、CR 3R 4;W相同或不同的表示为CR 5或N,且至少有一个W为C-CN,同时至少有两个W为N;L 1选自单键,或取代或未取代环原子数为5-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团;优选的,L 1选自单键,或取代或未取代的环原子数为6-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团;
L 2选自取代或未取代的环原子数为5-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团,且不可为单键;优选的,L 2选自取代或未取代的环原子数为6-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团。
R 1-R 5在每次出现时,可以相同或不同地是H,或D,或者具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者是取代或无取代的甲硅烷基,或具有1至20个C原子的取代的酮基,或具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基,或具有7至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基,氰基氨基甲酰基,卤甲酰基,甲酰基,异氰基,异氰酸酯,硫氰酸酯或异硫氰酸酯,羟基,硝基,CF 3,Cl,Br,F,可交联的基团,或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或这些基团的组合,其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
芳香环系或芳香基团指至少包含一个芳环的烃基,包括单环基团和多环的环系统。芳杂环系或杂芳香基团指包含至少一个芳杂环的烃基(含有杂原子),包括单环基团和多环的环系统。杂原子优选选自Si、N、P、O、S和/或Ge,特别优选选自Si、N、P、O和/或S。这些多环的环可以具有两个或多个环,其中两个碳原子被两个相邻的环共用,即稠环。多环的这些环种,至少一个是芳族的或杂芳族的。对于本发明的目的,芳香族或芳杂族环系不仅包括芳香基或芳杂基的体系,而且,其中多个芳基或芳杂基也可以被短的非芳族单元间断(<10%的非H原子,优选小于5%的非H原子,比如C、N或O原子)。因此,比如9,9'-螺二芴,9,9-二芳基芴,三芳胺,二芳基醚等体系,对于该发明目的同样认为是芳香族环系。
具体的,芳香基团的例子有:苯、萘、蒽、菲、二萘嵌苯、并四苯、芘、苯并芘、三亚苯、苊、芴、及其衍生物。
具体的,杂芳香基团的例子有:呋喃、苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、吡咯、吡唑、三唑、咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、噻唑、四唑、吲哚、咔唑、吡咯并咪唑、吡咯并吡咯、噻吩并吡咯、噻吩并噻吩、呋喃并吡咯、呋喃并呋喃、噻吩并呋喃、苯并异噁唑、苯并异噻唑、苯并咪唑、吡啶、吡嗪、哒嗪、嘧啶、三嗪、喹啉、异喹啉、邻二氮萘、喹喔啉、菲啶、伯啶、喹唑啉、喹唑啉酮、及其衍生物。
在一些优选的实施例中,A选自如下所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000007
其中,Q 1的含义同上所述;
R 6是取代基,在每次出现时,可以相同或不同地选自D,或者具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者是取代或无取代的甲硅烷基,或具有1至20个C原子的取代的酮基,或具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基,或具有7至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基,氰基氨基甲酰基,卤甲酰基,甲酰基,异氰基,异氰酸酯,硫氰酸酯或异硫氰酸酯,羟基,硝基,CF 3,Cl,Br,F,可交联的基团,或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或这些基团的组合,其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
在一些更为优选的实施例中,A选自如下所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000008
其中,Ar选自具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或是具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或这些基团的组合,其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。R 6的定义同上所述。
在一些较为优选的实施例中,Ar相同或不同的是氘代或未氘代的具有5至20个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或是氘代或未氘代的具有5至20个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或这些基团的组合,其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
在一些更为优选的实施例中,Ar相同或不同的是氘代或未氘代的具有5至15个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或是氘代或未氘代的具有5至15个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或这些基团的组合,其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
在另一些优选的实施例中,Ar是联苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、芴、硅芴、咔唑、二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃、三苯胺、三苯基氧磷,四苯基硅、螺芴、螺硅芴、等基团,更优的为联苯、萘、芴、咔唑、二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃等基团。
在一个优选的实施例中,Ar是二联苯。
在一个优选的实施例中,Ar是苯。
在一些较为优选的实施例中,按照本发明的有机化合物,选自通式(II-1)至(II-14)所 示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000009
其中,m,n选自0-3的整数,R的含义同R 6,X、Y、W、Q、L 1、L 2、m、n的含义如上所述。
优选的,L 1-L 2选自具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳香基团、杂芳香基团、芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或这些基团的组合,其中一个或多个基团彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
在另一些优选的实施例中,L 1-L 2独立选自以下基团及其组合:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000010
其中:V每次出现时,独立选自CR 0或N;Z每次出现时,独立选自NR 7、CR 8R 9、O、S、SiR 10R 11、S=O、SO 2;R 0、R 7-R 11的定义如同前述的R 6
在一些实施例中,L 1-L 2独立选自以下基团或其组合:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000011
其中:环上的H原子可以进一步被取代。
在一些更为优选的实施例中,L 1是单键。
按照发明的有机化合物,可以作为功能材料用于电子器件中。有机功能材料可分为空穴注入材料(HIM)、空穴传输材料(HTM)、电子传输材料(ETM)、电子注入材料(EIM)、电子阻挡材料(EBM)、空穴阻挡材料(HBM)、发光体(Emitter)、主体材料(Host)。在一个优选的实施例中,按照发明的有机化合物可作为主体材料,或电子传输材料。在一个更加优选的实施例中,按照发明的有机化合物可作为磷光主体材料。
作为磷光主体材料必须有适当的三线态能级,即T1。在某些实施例中,按照发明的有机化合物,其T1≥2.3eV,较好≥2.4eV,更好≥2.5eV,最好≥2.6eV。
作为磷光主体材料希望有好的热稳定性。一般的,按照本发明的有机化合物,其玻璃化温 度Tg≥100℃,在一个优选的实施例中,Tg≥120℃,在一个较为优选的实施例中,Tg≥140℃,在一个更为优选的实施例中,Tg≥160℃,在一个最为优选的实施例中,Tg≥180℃。
在某些较为优选的实施例中,按照本发明的有机化合物具有小的单线态-三线态能级差即(ΔEst),较好是其ΔEst<0.3eV,次好是ΔEst<0.2eV,更好是ΔEst<0.15eV,特别好是ΔEst<0.10eV,最好是ΔEst<0.08eV。
在某些优选的实施例中,按照本发明的有机化合物,其(HOMO-(HOMO-1))≥0.2eV,较好是≥0.25eV,更好是≥0.3eV,更更好是≥0.35eV,非常好是≥0.4eV,最好是≥0.45eV。
在某些较为优先的实施例中,按照本发明的有机化合物,其((LUMO+1)-(LUMO)≥0.2eV,较好是≥0.25eV,最好是≥0.3eV。
在一个较为优选的实施例中,按照本发明的有机化合物,是部分被氘代,较好是10%的H被氘代,更好是20%的H被氘代,很好是30%的H被氘代,最好是40%的H被氘代。
在一个优选的实施例中,本发明的有机化合物用于蒸镀性OLED器件。用于这个目的,按照本发明的有机化合物,其分子量≤1000mol/kg,优选≤900mol/kg,很优选≤850mol/kg,更优选≤800mol/kg,最优选≤700mol/kg。
下面列出按照本发明的通式(1)所示的有机化合物的具体例子,但并不限定于此:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000013
本发明还涉及一种高聚物,其中至少有一个重复单元包含有如通式(1)所示的结构。在某些实施例中,所述的高聚物是非共轭高聚物,其中如通式(1)所示的结构单元在侧链上。在另一个优选的实施例中,所述的高聚物是共轭高聚物。
本文中所定义的术语“小分子”是指不是聚合物,低聚物,树枝状聚合物,或共混物的分子。特别是,小分子中没有重复结构。小分子的分子量≤3000克/摩尔,较好是≤2000克/摩尔,最好是≤1500克/摩尔。
高聚物,即Polymer,包括均聚物(homopolymer),共聚物(copolymer),镶嵌共聚物(block copolymer)。另外在本发明中,高聚物也包括树状物(dendrimer),有关树状物的合成及应用请参见[Dendrimers and Dendrons,Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KGaA,2002,Ed.George R.Newkome,Charles N.Moorefield,Fritz Vogtle.]。
在一个优选的实施例中,其中的高聚物的合成方法选自SUZUKI-,YAMAMOTO-,STILLE-,NIGESHI-,KUMADA-,HECK-,SONOGASHIRA-,HIYAMA-,FUKUYAMA-,HARTWIG-BUCHWALD-和ULLMAN。
在一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的高聚物,其玻璃化温度(Tg)≥100℃,优选为≥120℃,更优为≥140℃,更更优为≥160℃,最优为≥180℃。
在一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的高聚物,其分子量分布(PDI)取值范围优选为1~5,较优选为1~4,更优选为1~3,更更优选为1~2,最优选为1~1.5。
在一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的高聚物,其重均分子量(Mw)取值范围优选为1万~100万,较优选为5万~50万,更优选为10万~40万,更更优选为15万~30万,最优选为20万~25万。
本发明还涉及一种混合物,包括一种如上述的有机化合物或上述的高聚物,及至少另一种有机功能材料,所述的另一种有机功能材料选自空穴注入材料(HIM),空穴传输材料(HTM),电子传输材料(ETM),电子注入材料(EIM),电子阻挡材料(EBM),空穴阻挡材料(HBM),发光体(Emitter),主体材料(Host)和有机染料。例如在WO2010135519A1、US20090134784A1和WO2011110277A1中对各种有机功能材料有详细的描述,特此将此3篇专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。有机功能材料可以是小分子和高聚物材料。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述的混合物包含一种按照本发明的有机化合物或高聚物,和一种磷光发光体。这里按照本发明的有机化合物可以作为主体,磷光发光体重量百分比≤20wt%,较好是≤15wt%,更好是≤10wt%,最好是≤8wt%。
在另一个优选的实施例中,所述的混合物包含一种按照本发明的有机化合物或高聚物,另一种主体材料和一种磷光发光体。这里按照本发明的有机化合物作为共主体材料,其重量百分比≥10wt%,较好是≥20wt%,更好是≥30wt%,最好是≥40wt%。
在一个较为优选的实施例中,所述的混合物包含一种按照本发明的有机化合物或高聚物,一种磷光发光体和一种主体材料。在这种实施例中,按照本发明的有机化合物可以作为辅助发光材料,其与磷光发光体的重量比为从1:2到2:1。在另一种优选的实施例中,按照本发明的有机化合物的T1高于所述的磷光发光体。
在某些实施例中,所述的混合物包含一种按照本发明的有机化合物或高聚物,和另一种TADF材料。
在某些较为优选的实施例中,按照本发明的混合物包含第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2),所述第一有机化合物(H1)选自如上所述的有机化合物或高聚物,所述第二有机化合物(H2)具有空穴传输特性。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述第二有机化合物(H2)选自空穴(也称电洞)注入或传输材料(HIM/HTM)、有机主体材料(Host)。
在某些优选的实施例中,按照本发明的混合物,其中第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2)中至少有一个其((LUMO+1)-LUMO)≥0.2eV,较好是≥0.25eV,更好是≥0.3eV,更更好是≥0.35eV,非常好是≥0.4eV,最好是≥0.45eV。
在一个较为优选的实施例中,按照本发明的混合物,其中第一有机化合物(H1)的((LUMO+1)-LUMO)≥0.2eV,较好是≥0.25eV,更好是≥0.3eV,更更好是≥0.35eV,非常好是≥0.4eV,最好是≥0.45eV。
在某些优选的实施例中,按照本发明的混合物,其中第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2)中至少有一个其(HOMO-(HOMO-1))≥0.2eV,较好是≥0.25eV,更好是≥0.3eV,更更好是≥0.35eV,非常好是≥0.4eV,最好是≥0.45eV。
在一个较为优选的实施例中,按照本发明的混合物,其中第二有机化合物(H2)的(HOMO-(HOMO-1))≥0.2eV,较好是≥0.25eV,更好是≥0.3eV,更更好是≥0.35eV,非常好是≥0.4eV,最好是≥0.45eV。
在某些更为优选的实施例中,所述的混合物,其中1)第一有机化合物(H1)的(S1-T1)≤0.30eV,较好是≤0.25eV,更好是≤0.20eV,最好是≤0.10eV,和/或2)第二有机化合物 (H2)的LUMO高于第一有机化合物(H1)的LUMO,且第二有机化合物(H2)的HOMO低于第一有机化合物(H1)的HOMO。
在某些优选的实施例中,所述的混合物,其中第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2)具有II型的半导体异质结结构,并且min(LUMO(H1)-HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1))≤min(E T(H1),E T(H2))+0.1eV,其中LUMO(H1),HOMO(H1)及E T(H1)分别是H1的最低未占有轨道,最高占有轨道,三线态的能级,LUMO(H2),HOMO(H2)及E T(H2)分别是H2的最低未占有轨道,最高占有轨道,三线态的能级。较为优选的是min(LUMO(H1)-HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1))≤min(E T(H1),E T(H2));更为优选的是min(LUMO(H1)-HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1))≤min(E T(H1),E T(H2))-0.1e V。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2)具有I型的半导体异质结结构,并且第一有机化合物(H1)或第二有机化合物(H2)的单线态能级和三线态能级差(S1-T1)小于或等于0.25eV,较好是小于或等于0.20eV,更好是小于或等于0.15eV,最好是小于或等于0.10eV。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述的混合物,其中第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2)的摩尔比为从1:9到9:1,较好是2:8到8:2;优选的摩尔比为3:7到7:3;更加优选的摩尔比为4:6到6:4;最优选的摩尔比为4.5:5.5到5.5:4.5。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述的混合物,其中第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2)的分子量的差不超过100Dalton,较好是不超过80Dalton,更好是不超过70Dalton,更更好是不超过60Dalton,非常好是不超过40Dalton,最好是不超过30Dalton。
在另一个优选的实施例中,所述的混合物,其中第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2)的升华温度的差不超过50K;较优选的升华温度的差不超过30K;更加优选的升华温度的差不超过20K;最优选的升华温度的差不超过10K。
在一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的混合物中的第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2),至少有一个其玻璃化温度Tg≥100℃,在一个优选的实施例中,至少有一个其Tg≥120℃,在一个较为优选的实施例中,至少有一个其Tg≥140℃,在一个更为优选的实施例中,至少有一个其Tg≥160℃,在一个最为优选的实施例中,至少有一个其Tg≥180℃。
在一些实施例中,所述的混合物中第二有机化合物(H2)选自化学式(III-1)或(III-2)及(III-3)的组合中的任一种:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000014
G 1、G 2在每种情况下彼此独立选自取代或未取代的环原子数为6~30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团;K在每次出现时彼此独立地为单键或CR 18R 19;s在每次出现时彼此独立地为0或1;化学式(III-2)相邻的两个*与化学式(III-3)相接,且化学式(III-2)不与化学式(III-3)相接的*独立的为CR 20;L 3-L 5与前述的L 1含义相同;R 12-R 17和前述的R 6含义相同,R 18-R 20和前述的R 1含义相同;Ar 1、Ar 2彼此独立选自取代或未取代的环原子数为6~30的芳香基团或环原子数为5~30的杂芳香基团。
进一步的,Ar 1和Ar 2独立选自以下基团及其组合:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000016
R 21、R 22的定义同R 1
上述基团任选地被0,1,2或3个选自D、F、Cl、Br、氰基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C3卤代烷基、苯基、萘基、芴基、螺芴基和C3-C10环烷基所取代。
在一些更为优选的实施例中,所述的混合物中第二有机化合物(H2)为如下通式(IV-1)-(IV-6)之一所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000017
其中,G 1、G 2、K、R 12-R 17、R 20、L 3-L 5、Ar 1、Ar 2、s的含义和前述相同。
下面举例所示的第二有机化合物(H2)的具体例子,但并不限定于此:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000020
下面对主体材料,磷光发光材料及TADF材料作一些较详细的描述(但不限于此)。
1.三重态主体材料(TripletHost):
三重态主体材料的例子并不受特别的限制,任何金属络合物或有机化合物都可能被用作为主体,只要其三重态能级比发光体,特别是三重态发光体或磷光发光体更高,可用作三重态主体(Host)的金属络合物的例子包括(但不限于)如下的一般结构:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000021
M3是一金属;(Y 3-Y 4)是一两齿配体,Y 3和Y 4独立地选自C、N、O、P或S;L是一个辅助配体;r2是一整数,其值从1到此金属的最大配位数。
在一个优选的实施例中,可用作三重态主体的金属络合物有如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000022
(O-N)是一两齿配体,其中金属与O和N原子配位,r2是一整数,其值从1到此金属的最大配位数。
在某一个优选的实施例中,M3可选于Ir和P。
可作为三重态主体的有机化合物的例子选自包含有环芳香烃基的化合物,例如苯、联苯、三苯基苯、苯并芴;包含有芳香杂环基的化合物,如二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃、二苯并硒吩、呋喃、噻吩、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、苯并硒吩、咔唑、二苯并咔唑,吲哚咔唑、吡啶吲哚、吡咯二吡啶、吡唑、咪唑、三唑类、恶唑、噻唑、恶二唑、恶三唑、二恶唑、噻二唑、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、三嗪类、恶嗪、恶噻嗪、恶二嗪、吲哚、苯并咪唑、吲唑、恶唑、二苯并恶唑、苯异恶唑、苯并噻唑、喹啉、异喹啉、邻二氮杂萘、喹唑啉、喹喔啉、萘、酞、蝶啶、氧杂蒽、吖啶、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、苯并呋喃吡啶、呋喃并吡啶、苯并噻吩吡啶、噻吩吡啶、苯并硒吩吡啶和硒吩苯并二吡啶;包含有2至10环结构的基团,它们可以是相同或不同类型的环芳香烃基团或芳香杂环基团,并彼此直接或通过至少一个以下的基团连结在一起,如氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、硅原子、磷原子、硼原子、链结构单元和脂肪环基团。其中,每个Ar可以进一步被取代,取代基可选为氢、氘、氰基、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、氨基、烯、炔、芳烷基、杂烷基、芳基和杂芳基。
在一个优选的实施例中,三重态主体材料可选于包含至少一个以下基团的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000024
X 9选于CR 8R 9或NR 10,Y选自CR 8R 9或NR 10或O或S。n2,X 1–X 8,Ar 1~Ar 3的含义同上所述,R 1-R 10的含义同R 1
在下面列出合适的三重态主体材料的例子但不局限于:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000025
2.三重态发光体(Triplet Emitter)
三重态发光体也称磷光发光体。在一个优选的实施例中,三重态发光体是有通式M(L)n的金属络合物,其中M是一金属原子,L每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一有机配体,它通过一个或多个位置键接或配位连接到金属原子M上,n是一个大于1的整数,较好选是1,2,3,4,5或6。可选的,这些金属络合物通过一个或多个位置联接到一个聚合物上,最好是通过有机配体。
在一个优选的实施例中,金属原子M选于过渡金属元素或镧系元素或锕系元素,优先选择Ir,Pt,Pd,Au,Rh,Ru,Os,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Re,Cu或Ag,特别优先选择Os,Ir,Ru,Rh,Re,Pd,Au或Pt。
优先地,三重态发光体包含有螯合配体,即配体,通过至少两个结合点与金属配位,特别优先考虑的是三重态发光体包含有两个或三个相同或不同的双齿或多齿配体。螯合配体有利于提高金属络合物的稳定性。
有机配体的例子可选自苯基吡啶衍生物,7,8-苯并喹啉衍生物,2(2-噻吩基)吡啶衍生物,2(1-萘基)吡啶衍生物,或2苯基喹啉衍生物。所有这些有机配体都可能被取代,例如被含氟或三氟甲基取代。辅助配体可优先选自乙酸丙酮或苦味酸。
在一个优选的实施例中,可用作三重态发光体的金属络合物有如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000026
其中M是一金属,选于过渡金属元素或镧系或锕系元素,特别优先的是Ir,Pt,Au;
Ar 1每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一个环状基团,其中至少包含有一个施主原子,即 有一孤对电子的原子,如氮或磷,通过它环状基团与金属配位连接;Ar 2每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一个环状基团,其中至少包含有一个C原子,通过它环状基团与金属连接;Ar 1和Ar 2由共价键联接在一起,可各自携带一个或多个取代基团,它们也可再通过取代基团联接在一起;L'每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一个双齿螯合的辅助配体,最好是单阴离子双齿螯合配体;q1可以是0,1,2或3,优先的是2或3;q2可以是0,1,2或3,优先的是1或0。
一些三重态发光体的材料极其应用的例子可在下述专利文件和文献中找到:WO 200070655,WO 200141512,WO 200202714,WO 200215645,EP 1191613,EP 1191612,EP 1191614,WO 2005033244,WO 2005019373,US 2005/0258742,WO 2009146770,WO 2010015307,WO 2010031485,WO 2010054731,WO 2010054728,WO 2010086089,WO 2010099852,WO 2010102709,US 20070087219 A1,US 20090061681 A1,US 20010053462 A1,Baldo,Thompson et al.Nature 403,(2000),750-753,US 20090061681 A1,US 20090061681 A1,Adachi et al.Appl.Phys.Lett.78(2001),1622-1624,J.Kido et al.Appl.Phys.Lett.65(1994),2124,Kido et al.Chem.Lett.657,1990,US 2007/0252517 A1,Johnson et al.,JACS 105,1983,1795,Wrighton,JACS 96,1974,998,Ma et al.,Synth.Metals 94,1998,245,US 6824895,US 7029766,US 6835469,US 6830828,US 20010053462A1,WO 2007095118A1,US 2012004407A1,WO 2012007088A1,WO2012007087A1,WO 2012007086A1,US 2008027220A1,WO 2011157339A1,CN 102282150A,WO 2009118087A1,WO 2013107487A1,WO 2013094620A1,WO 2013174471A1,WO 2014031977A1,WO 2014112450A1,WO 2014007565A1,WO 2014038456A1,WO 2014024131A1,WO 2014008982A1,WO 2014023377A1。特此将上述列出的专利文件和文献中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
在下面列出一些合适的三重态发光体的例子:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000027
3.TADF材料
传统有机荧光材料只能利用电激发形成的25%单线态激子发光,器件的内量子效率较低(最高为25%)。尽管磷光材料由于重原子中心强的自旋-轨道耦合增强了系间穿越,可以有效利用电激发形成的单线态激子和三线态激子发光,使器件的内量子效率达到100%。但磷光材料昂贵,材料稳定性差,器件效率滚降严重等问题限制了其在OLED中的应用。热激活延迟荧光发光材料是继有机荧光材料和有机磷光材料之后发展的第三代有机发光材料。该类材料一般 具有小的单线态-三线态能级差(ΔEst),三线态激子可以通过反系间穿越转变成单线态激子发光。这可以充分利用电激发下形成的单线态激子和三线态激子。器件内量子效率可达到100%。同时材料结构可控,性质稳定,价格便宜无需要贵金属,在OLED领域的应用前景广阔。
TADF材料需要具有较小的单线态-三线态能级差,较好是ΔEst<0.3eV,次好是ΔEst<0.2eV,最好是ΔEst<0.1eV。在一个优先的实施例中,TADF材料有比较小的ΔEst,在另一个优先的实施例中,TADF有较好的荧光量子效率。一些TADF发光的材料可在下述专利文件中找到:CN103483332(A),TW201309696(A),TW201309778(A),TW201343874(A),TW201350558(A),US20120217869(A1),WO2013133359(A1),WO2013154064(A1),Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,21,2009,4802,Adachi,et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett.,98,2011,083302,Adachi,et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett.,101,2012,093306,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2012,11392,Adachi,et.al.Nature Photonics,6,2012,253,Adachi,et.al.Nature,492,2012,234,Adachi,et.al.J.Am.Chem.Soc,134,2012,14706,Adachi,et.al.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed,51,2012,11311,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2012,9580,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2013,10385,Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,25,2013,3319,Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,25,2013,3707,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Mater.,25,2013,3038,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Mater.,25,2013,3766,Adachi,et.al.J.Mater.Chem.C.,1,2013,4599,Adachi,et.al.J.Phys.Chem.A.,117,2013,5607,特此将上述列出的专利或文章文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
在下面列出一些合适的TADF发光材料的例子:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000028
在一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的有机化合物用于蒸镀型OLED器件。用于这个目的,按照本发明的有机化合物,其分子量≤1000g/mol,优选≤900g/mol,很优选≤850g/mol,更优选≤800g/mol,最优选≤700g/mol。
本发明的另一个目的是为印刷OLED提供材料解决方案。
用于这个目的,按照本发明的有机化合物,其分子量≥700g/mol,优选≥800g/mol,很优选≥900g/mol,更优选≥1000g/mol,最优选≥1100g/mol。
在另一些优选的实施例中,按照本发明的有机化合物,在25℃时,在甲苯中的溶解度≥10 mg/ml,优选≥15mg/ml,最优选≥20mg/ml。
本发明还进一步涉及一种组合物或油墨,包含有一种按照本发明的有机化合物或高聚物及至少一种有机溶剂。
用于印刷工艺时,油墨的粘度,表面张力是重要的参数。合适的油墨的表面张力参数适合于特定的基板和特定的印刷方法。
在一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的油墨在工作温度或在25℃下的表面张力约在19dyne/cm到50dyne/cm范围;更好是在22dyne/cm到35dyne/cm范围;最好是在25dyne/cm到33dyne/cm范围。
在另一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的油墨在工作温度或25℃下的粘度约在1cps到100cps范围;较好是在1cps到50cps范围;更好是在1.5cps到20cps范围;最好是在4.0cps到20cps范围。如此配制的组合物将便于喷墨印刷。
粘度可以通过不同的方法调节,如通过合适的溶剂选取和油墨中功能材料的浓度。按照本发明的包含有所述地金属有机配合物或高聚物的油墨可方便人们将印刷油墨按照所用的印刷方法在适当的范围调节。一般地,按照本发明的组合物包含的功能材料的重量比为0.3%~30wt%范围,较好的为0.5%~20wt%范围,更好的为0.5%~15wt%范围,更更好的为0.5%~10wt%范围,最好的为1%~5wt%范围。
在一些实施例中,按照本发明的油墨,所述的至少一种的有机溶剂选自基于芳族或杂芳族的溶剂,特别是脂肪族链/环取代的芳族溶剂、或芳族酮溶剂,或芳族醚溶剂。
适合本发明的溶剂的例子有,但不限于:基于芳族或杂芳族的溶剂:对二异丙基苯、戊苯、四氢萘、环己基苯、氯萘、1,4-二甲基萘、3-异丙基联苯、对甲基异丙苯、二戊苯、三戊苯、戊基甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、邻二乙苯、间二乙苯、对二乙苯、1,2,3,4-四甲苯、1,2,3,5-四甲苯、1,2,4,5-四甲苯、丁苯、十二烷基苯、二己基苯、二丁基苯、对二异丙基苯、1-甲氧基萘、环己基苯、二甲基萘、3-异丙基联苯、对甲基异丙苯、1-甲基萘、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,3-二丙氧基苯、4,4-二氟二苯甲烷、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、二苯甲烷、2-苯基吡啶、3-苯基吡啶、N-甲基二苯胺、4-异丙基联苯、α,α-二氯二苯甲烷、4-(3-苯基丙基)吡啶、苯甲酸苄酯、1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷、2-异丙基萘、二苄醚等;基于酮的溶剂:1-四氢萘酮,2-四氢萘酮,2-(苯基环氧)四氢萘酮,6-(甲氧基)四氢萘酮,苯乙酮、苯丙酮、二苯甲酮、及它们的衍生物,如4-甲基苯乙酮、3-甲基苯乙酮、2-甲基苯乙酮、4-甲基苯丙酮、3-甲基苯丙酮、2-甲基苯丙酮,异佛尔酮、2,6,8-三甲基-4-壬酮、葑酮、2-壬酮、3-壬酮、5-壬酮、2-癸酮、2,5-己二酮、佛尔酮、二正戊基酮;芳族醚溶剂:3-苯氧基甲苯、丁氧基苯、苄基丁基苯、对茴香醛二甲基乙缩醛、四氢-2-苯氧基-2H-吡喃、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、1,4-苯并二噁烷、1,3-二丙基苯、2,5-二甲氧基甲苯、4-乙基本乙醚、1,2,4-三甲氧基苯、4-(1-丙烯基)-1,2-二甲氧基苯、1,3-二甲氧基苯、缩水甘油基苯基醚、二苄基醚、4-叔丁基茴香醚、反式-对丙烯基茴香醚、1,2-二甲氧基苯、1-甲氧基萘、二苯醚、2-苯氧基甲醚、2-苯氧基四氢呋喃、乙基-2-萘基醚、戊醚c己醚、二辛醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇乙基甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚;酯溶剂:辛酸烷酯、癸二酸烷酯、硬脂酸烷酯、苯甲酸烷酯、苯乙酸烷酯、肉桂酸烷酯、草酸烷酯、马来酸烷酯、烷内酯、油酸烷酯等。
进一步,按照本发明的油墨,所述的至少一种的有溶剂可选自:脂肪族酮,例如,2-壬酮、3-壬酮、5-壬酮、2-癸酮、2,5-己二酮、2,6,8-三甲基-4-壬酮、佛尔酮、二正戊基酮等;或脂肪族醚,例如,戊醚、己醚、二辛醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇乙基甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚等。
在另一些实施例中,所述的印刷油墨进一步包含有另一种有机溶剂。另一种有机溶剂的例 子包括(但不限于):甲醇、乙醇、2-甲氧基乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、氯苯、邻二氯苯、四氢呋喃、苯甲醚、吗啉、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、1,4二氧杂环己烷、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、1,2二氯乙烷、3-苯氧基甲苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢萘、萘烷、茚和/或它们的混合物。
在一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的组合物是一溶液。
在另一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的组合物是一悬浮液。
本发明实施例中的组合物中可以包括0.01至20wt%的按照本发明的有机化合物或其混合物,较好的是0.1至15wt%,更好的是0.2至10wt%,最好的是0.25至5wt%的有机化合物或其混合物。
本发明还涉及所述组合物作为涂料或印刷油墨在制备有机电子器件时的用途,特别优选的是通过打印或涂布的制备方法。
其中,适合的打印或涂布技术包括(但不限于)喷墨打印,喷印(Nozzle Printing),活版印刷,丝网印刷,浸涂,旋转涂布,刮刀涂布,辊筒印花,扭转辊印刷,平版印刷,柔版印刷,轮转印刷,喷涂,刷涂或移印,狭缝型挤压式涂布等。首选的是喷墨印刷,喷印及凹版印刷。溶液或悬浮液可以另外包括一个或多个组份例如表面活性化合物,润滑剂,润湿剂,分散剂,疏水剂,粘接剂等,用于调节粘度,成膜性能,提高附着性等。有关打印技术,及其对有关溶液的相关要求,如溶剂及浓度,粘度等,的详细信息请参见Helmut Kipphan主编的《印刷媒体手册:技术和生产方法》(Handbook of Print Media:Technologies and Production Methods),ISBN 3-540-67326-1。
本发明还提供一种如上所述的有机化合物在有机电子器件中的应用,所述的有机电子器件可选于,但不限于,有机发光二极管(OLED),有机光伏电池(OPV),有机发光电池(OLEEC),有机场效应管(OFET),有机发光场效应管,有机激光器,有机自旋电子器件,有机传感器及有机等离激元发射二极管(Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode)等,特别优选为OLED。
优选将所述有机化合物用于OLED器件的发光层中。
本发明进一步涉及一种有机电子器件,包含至少一功能层,所述功能层包含一种如上所述的有机化合物或高聚物。进一步地,所述有机电子器件,包含阴极、阳极和至少一功能层,所述功能层包含一种如上所述的有机化合物或高聚物或混合物或由上述的组合物制备而成。所述功能层选自空穴注入层(HIL)、空穴传输层(HTL)、发光层(EML)、电子阻挡层(EBL)、电子注入层(EIL)、电子传输层(ETL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)、电荷生成层(CGL)。
所述的有机电子器件可选于,但不限于,有机发光二极管(OLED)、有机光伏电池(OPV)、有机发光电池(OLEEC)、有机场效应管(OFET)、有机发光场效应管、有机激光器、有机自旋电子器件、有机传感器及有机等离激元发射二极管(Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode)等,特别优选的是有机电致发光器件,如OLED、OLEEC、有机发光场效应管。
优先的,所述的有机电子器件是电致发光器件,其中包含一基片,一阳极,至少一发光层,一阴极,选择性的还可包含一空穴传输层。在某些实施例中,在所述的空穴传输层中包含一按照本发明的有机化合物或高聚物。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述的有机电子器件包含一发光层,其中包含一按照本发明的有机化合物或高聚物,更加优选的,在所述的发光层中包含一按照本发明的有机化合物或高聚物,及至少一种发光材料,发光材料可优选于荧光发光体,磷光发光体,TADF材料。
下面对电致发光器件的器件结构做一描述,但不限于。
基片可以是不透明或透明。一个透明的基板可以用来制造一个透明的发光元器件。例如可参见,Bulovic等Nature 1996,380,p29,和Gu等,Appl.Phys.Lett.1996,68,p2606。基片可以是刚性的或弹性的。基片可以是塑料,金属,半导体晶片或玻璃。最好是基片有一个平滑的表面。无表面缺陷的基板是特别理想的选择。在一个优选的实施例中,基片是柔性的,可选于聚 合物薄膜或塑料,其玻璃化温度Tg为150℃以上,较好是超过200℃,更好是超过250℃,最好是超过300℃。合适的柔性基板的例子有聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PET)和聚乙二醇(2,6-萘)(PEN)。
阳极可包含一导电金属或金属氧化物,或导电聚合物。阳极可以容易地注入空穴到空穴注入层(HIL)或空穴传输层(HTL)或发光层中。在一个优选的实施例中,阳极的功函数和发光层中的发光体或作为HIL或HTL或电子阻挡层(EBL)的p型半导体材料的HOMO能级或价带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV,较好是小于0.3eV,最好是小于0.2eV。阳极材料的例子包含但不限于:Al、Cu、Au、Ag、Mg、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO、铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)等。其他合适的阳极材料是已知的,本领域普通技术人员可容易地选择使用。阳极材料可以使用任何合适的技术沉积,如一合适的物理气相沉积法,包含射频磁控溅射,真空热蒸发,电子束(e-beam)等。在某些实施例中,阳极是图案结构化的。图案化的ITO导电基板可在市场上买到,并且可以用来制备根据本发明的器件。
阴极可包含一导电金属或金属氧化物。阴极可以容易地注入电子到EIL或ETL或直接到发光层中。在一个优选的实施例中,阴极的功函数和发光层中发光体或作为电子注入层(EIL)或电子传输层(ETL)或空穴阻挡层(HBL)的n型半导体材料的LUMO能级或导带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV,较好是小于0.3eV,最好是小于0.2eV。原则上,所有可用作OLED的阴极的材料都可能作为本发明器件的阴极材料。阴极材料的例子包含但不限于:Al、Au、Ag、Ca、Ba、Mg、LiF/Al、MgAg合金、BaF2/Al、Cu、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO等。阴极材料可以使用任何合适的技术沉积,如一合适的物理气相沉积法,包含射频磁控溅射,真空热蒸发,电子束(e-beam)等。
OLED还可以包含其他功能层,如空穴注入层(HIL)、空穴传输层(HTL)、电子阻挡层(EBL)、电子注入层(EIL)、电子传输层(ETL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)。适合用于这些功能层中的材料在前面有详细的描述。
在另一个优选的实施例中,按照本发明的发光器件中,其电子传输层(ETL)或空穴阻挡层(HBL)包含按照本发明的有机化合物或高聚物,并且通过溶液加工的方法制备而成。
按照本发明的发光器件,其发光波长在300到1000nm之间,较好的是在350到900nm之间,更好的是在400到800nm之间。
本发明还涉及按照本发明的电致发光器件在各种电子设备中的应用,包含,但不限于,显示设备,照明设备,光源,传感器等等。
下面将结合优选实施例对本发明进行了说明,但本发明并不局限于下述实施例,应当理解,所附权利要求概括了本发明的范围在本发明构思的引导下本领域的技术人员应意识到,对本发明的各实施例所进行的一定的改变,都将被本发明的权利要求书的精神和范围所覆盖。
具体实施例
1、按照本发明的有机化合物的合成方法举例,但本发明并不局限于下述实施例。
中间体1e的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000029
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入1a 30g、1b 30g、碳酸钾25g、四三苯基膦钯1g和300ml甲苯/50ml乙醇/50ml水,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。用乙酸乙酯和去离子水萃取,水洗有机相2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得1c 28g粗产品。 通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得25.7g。产率87%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质315.6(计算值为:315.57)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体1c 25.7g和200ml二氯甲烷,降温至20℃以下,滴加50ml三溴化硼,滴加完后自然升温,加热回流12h停止反应,冰浴下滴加乙醇淬灭,用二氯甲烷和去离子水萃取,去离子水水洗2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得粗产品1d 20g未进行其他处理直接用于下一步反应。
在干燥的盛有1d 20g的单口烧瓶中,加入300ml N,N二甲基甲酰胺,25g碳酸铯,升温至140℃加热熔融后搅拌,反应12h后降温。加入去离子水和乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗有机相3次,干燥,得粗产品1e 18.4g,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得16g。产率82%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为281.5(计算值为:281.53)。
中间体1m的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000030
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入1i 30g、1j 25g、哌啶300ml,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯20:1),收集产品1k得20.8g。产率60%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为201.2(计算值为:201.23)。
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入1k 20.8g、苯甲脒盐酸盐25g、甲醇钠25g,DMAc300ml,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯20:1),收集产品1l得15.7g。产率58%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为272.3(计算值为:272.29)。
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入1l 15.7g、三氯氧磷20g、一,四二氧六环300ml,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。加入1000ml水使产品析出,过滤乙醇洗涤,收集产品1m得10.2g。产率56%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为291.7(计算值为:291.74)。
中间体3d的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000031
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入3a 20g,3b 25g,3c 27g,碳酸铯30g和1000ml DMF,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品3d得23.2g。产率90%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为291.7(计算值为:291.74)。
化合物1的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000032
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入1f 20g,1e 15g,碳酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品1g得18g。产率86%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为488.4(计算值为:488.38)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入1g 18g,联硼酸频那醇酯20g,乙酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品得1h 19.5g。产率89%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为535.5(计算值为:535.45)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入10g 1m、10g 1h、10g乙酸钾、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和200ml甲苯、40ml乙醇、40ml水,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集化合物1产品12.3g。产率89%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为664.7(计算值为:664.77)。
化合物2的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000033
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入2f 20g,1e 15g,碳酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品2g得19g。产率85%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为528.4(计算值为:528.45)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入2g 19g,联硼酸频那醇酯20g,乙酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品得2h 22g。产率92%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为575.5(计算值为:575.52)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入10g 1m、10g 2h、10g乙酸钾、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl2和200ml甲苯、40ml乙醇、40ml水,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集化合物2产品12.2g。产率85%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为704.8(计算值为:704.83)。
化合物3的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000034
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入咔唑20g,1e 15g,碳酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品3e得19g。产率85%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为412.3(计算值为:412.29)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入3e 19g,联硼酸频那醇酯20g,乙酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品3f得22g。产率92%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为459.3(计算值为:459.35)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入10g 3d、10g 3f、10g乙酸钾、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和200ml甲苯、40ml乙醇、40ml水,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集化合物3产品12.1g。产率84%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为588.6(计算值为:588.67)。
化合物4的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000035
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入15g 1e,联硼酸频那醇酯20g,乙酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品4a得17g。产率95%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为328.6(计算值为:328.60)。
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入3d 15g、4a 15g、碳酸钾20g、四三苯基膦钯1g和300ml甲苯/50ml乙醇/50ml水,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。用乙酸乙酯和去离子水萃取,水洗有机相2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得4b 18g粗产品。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得16g。产率62%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质457.9(计算值为:457.92)。
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入4b 10g、4c 10g、碳酸钾20g、四三苯基膦钯1g和300ml甲苯/50ml乙醇/50ml水,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。用乙酸乙酯和去离子水萃取,水洗有机相2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集化合物4产品得11g。产率65%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质740.8(计算值为:740.87)。
化合物5的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000036
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入5a 30g、5b 30g、碳酸钾25g、四三苯基膦钯1g和300ml甲苯/50ml乙醇/50ml水,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。用乙酸乙酯和去离子水萃取,水洗有机相2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得28g粗产品5c。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得28.2g。产率92%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质315.6(计算值为:315.57)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体5c 25g和200ml二氯甲烷,降温至20℃以下,滴加50ml三溴化硼,滴加完后自然升温,加热回流12h停止反应,冰浴下滴加乙醇淬灭,用二氯甲烷和去离子水萃取,去离子水水洗2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得20g粗产品5d未进行其他处理直接用于下一步反应。
在干燥的盛有5d 20g的单口烧瓶中,加入300ml N,N二甲基甲酰胺,25g碳酸铯,升温至140℃加热熔融后搅拌,反应12h后降温。加入去离子水和乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗有机相3次,干燥,得粗产品5e 17.5g,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得15g。产率77%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为281.5(计算值为:281.53)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入5f 20g,5e 15g,碳酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品5g得17g。产率80%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为488.4(计 算值为:488.38)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入5g 15g,联硼酸频那醇酯20g,乙酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品得5h 18g。产率74%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为535.4(计算值为:535.45)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入10g 1m、10g 5h、10g乙酸钾、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和200ml甲苯、40ml乙醇、40ml水,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集化合物5产品13.4g。产率86%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为664.7(计算值为:664.77)。
化合物6的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000037
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入6a 30g、6b 30g、碳酸钾25g、四三苯基膦钯1g和300ml甲苯/50ml乙醇/50ml水,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。用乙酸乙酯和去离子水萃取,水洗有机相2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得6c 28g粗产品。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得27.9g。产率90%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质315.6(计算值为:315.57)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体6c 27.9g和200ml二氯甲烷,降温至20℃以下,滴加50ml三溴化硼,滴加完后自然升温,加热回流12h停止反应,冰浴下滴加乙醇淬灭,用二氯甲烷和去离子水萃取,去离子水水洗2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得粗产品6d 25g未进行其他处理直接用于下一步反应。
在干燥的盛有6d 25g的单口烧瓶中,加入300ml N,N二甲基甲酰胺,25g碳酸铯,升温至140℃加热熔融后搅拌,反应12h后降温。加入去离子水和乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗有机相3次,干燥,得粗产品6e 24.3g,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品6e得20g。产率85%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为281.5(计算值为:281.53)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入6f 20g,6e 20g,碳酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品6g得22g。产率83%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为502.4(计算值为:502.37)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入6g 22g,联硼酸频那醇酯25g,乙酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品得6h 20g。产率83%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为549.4(计算值为:549.43)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入10g 1m、10g 6h、10g乙酸钾、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和200ml甲苯、40ml乙醇、40ml水,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集化合物6产品13.4g。产率86%,质谱分析确定 的分子离子质量为678.7(计算值为:678.75)。
化合物7的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000038
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入7a 30g、7b 30g、碳酸钾25g、四三苯基膦钯1g和300ml甲苯/50ml乙醇/50ml水,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。用乙酸乙酯和去离子水萃取,水洗有机相2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得7c 25.1g粗产品。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得24.2g。产率81%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质315.6(计算值为:315.57)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体7c 24.2g和200ml二氯甲烷,降温至20℃以下,滴加50ml三溴化硼,滴加完后自然升温,加热回流12h停止反应,冰浴下滴加乙醇淬灭,用二氯甲烷和去离子水萃取,去离子水水洗2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得23.6g粗产品7d未进行其他处理直接用于下一步反应。
在干燥的盛有7d 23.6g的单口烧瓶中,加入300ml N,N二甲基甲酰胺,25g碳酸铯,升温至140℃加热熔融后搅拌,反应12h后降温。加入去离子水和乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗有机相3次,干燥,得粗产品7e 22.9g,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品7e得21.4g。产率79%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为281.5(计算值为:281.53)。
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入7f 25g、7e 22.9g、碳酸钾25g、四三苯基膦钯1g和300ml甲苯/50ml乙醇/50ml水,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。用乙酸乙酯和去离子水萃取,水洗有机相2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得7g 24.8g粗产品。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得23.6g。产率78%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质433.9(计算值为:433.93)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入7g 23.6g,联硼酸频那醇酯25g,乙酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品得7h 20g。产率81%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为535.4(计算值为:535.45)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入10g 3d、10g 7h、10g乙酸钾、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl 2和200ml甲苯、40ml乙醇、40ml水,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集化合物7产品12.3g。产率84%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为664.8(计算值为:664.77)。
化合物8的制备:
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000040
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入8a 30g、8b 30g、碳酸钾25g、四三苯基膦钯1g和300ml甲苯/50ml乙醇/50ml水,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。用乙酸乙酯和去离子水萃取,水洗有机相2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得8c 26.3g粗产品。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得25.1g。产率87%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质315.6(计算值为:315.57)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体8c 26.3g和200ml二氯甲烷,降温至20℃以下,滴加50ml三溴化硼,滴加完后自然升温,加热回流12h停止反应,冰浴下滴加乙醇淬灭,用二氯甲烷和去离子水萃取,去离子水水洗2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得粗产品8d 24.9g未进行其他处理直接用于下一步反应。
在干燥的盛有8d 24.9g的单口烧瓶中,加入300ml N,N二甲基甲酰胺,25g碳酸铯,升温至140℃加热熔融后搅拌,反应12h后降温。加入去离子水和乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗有机相3次,干燥,得粗产品8e 23.6g,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品8e得20.2g。产率75%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为281.5(计算值为:281.53)。
在氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中,加入8f 25g、8e 20.2g、碳酸钾25g、四三苯基膦钯1g和300ml甲苯/50ml乙醇/50ml水,用氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应,加热回流12h停止反应,降温。用乙酸乙酯和去离子水萃取,水洗有机相2次,干燥,抽滤,旋干滤液,得8g 19.3g粗产品。通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯15:1),收集产品得19.1g。产率71%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质488.4(计算值为:488.38)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入8g 19.1g,联硼酸频那醇酯25g,乙酸钾15g、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl2和300ml甲苯,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集产品得8h 16g。产率69%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为535.4(计算值为:535.45)。
在干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入10g 3d、10g 8h、10g乙酸钾、1g催化剂Pd(dppf)Cl2和200ml甲苯、40ml乙醇、40ml水,用氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,搅拌回流24h后反应停止,通过柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯25:1),收集化合物8产品14.1g。产率91%,质谱分析确定的分子离子质量为664.8(计算值为:664.77)。
2、有机化合物的能量结构
有机材料的能级可通过量子计算得到,比如利用TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)通过Gaussian03W(Gaussian Inc.),具体的模拟方法可参见WO2011141110。首先用半经验方法“Ground State/Semi-empirical/Default Spin/AM1”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)来优化分子几何结构,然后有机分子的能量结构由TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)方法算得“TD-SCF/DFT/Default Spin/B3PW91”与基组“6-31G(d)”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)。HOMO和LUMO能级按照下面的校准公式计算,S1和T1直接使用。
HOMO(eV)=((HOMO(G)×27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
LUMO(eV)=((LUMO(G)×27.212)-2.0041)/1.385
其中HOMO(G)和LUMO(G)是Gaussian 03W的直接计算结果,单位为Hartree。结果如表1所示:
表1
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000042
3、OLED器件的制备及表征
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000043
下面通过具体实施例来详细说明采用上述的OLED器件的制备过程,绿光OLED器件的结构为:ITO/HI/HI-1/HT-2/EML/ET Liq/Liq/Al,器件实施例1制备步骤如下:
a、ITO(铟锡氧化物)导电玻璃基片的清洗:使用各种溶剂(例如氯仿、丙酮或异丙醇中的一种或几种)清洗,然后进行紫外臭氧处理;
b、HI(30nm),HT-1(50nm),HT-2(10nm),主体材料:10%GD(40nm),ET:Liq(50:50;30nm),Liq(1nm),Al(100nm)在高真空(1×10 -6毫巴)中热蒸镀而成;将ITO基片移入真空气相沉积设备中,在高真空(1×10 -6毫巴)下,采用电阻加热蒸发源形成厚度为30nm的HI层,在HI层上依次加热形成50nm的HT-1以及10nm的HT-2层。随后化合物1置于一个蒸发单元,并且将化合物GD置于另外一个蒸发单元作为掺杂剂,使材料按不同速率气化,使得化合物:GD的重量比在100:10,在空穴传输层上形成40nm的发光层。接着将ET和LiQ置于不同的蒸发单元,使其分别以50重量%的比例进行共沉积,在发光层上形成30nm的电子传输层,随后在电子传输层上沉积1nm的LiQ作为电子注入层,最后在所述电子注入层上沉积厚度为100nm的Al阴极;
c、封装:器件在氮气手套箱中用紫外线硬化树脂封装。
器件实施例2-20的实施方法同器件实施例1。除了用不同的主体及共主体组合代替化合物1(其中共主体是指两个化合物分别置于不同的蒸发单元,控制材料的重量比为50:50)。
表2
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000044
Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-000045
绿光OLED器件的电流电压及发光(IVL)特性通过表征设备来表征,同时记录重要的参数如效率,寿命及驱动电压。绿光OLED器件的性能总结在表2中。其中的寿命是相对对比例的值。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种有机化合物,具有通式(I)所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-100001
    其中,
    Q选自O或S;
    X在每种情况下可相同或不同的表示为CR 1或N,其中每个环不超过两个X为N,优选每个环不超过一个X为N;
    A选自如下通式(A),B选自如下通式(B):
    Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-100002
    其中*表示连接的位置;
    Y在每种情况下可相同或不同的表示为CR 2或N,其中每个环不超过两个Y基团是N,或者两个相邻的Y基团可以分别是式(I-1)和式(I-2)表示的基团并且其余的Y在每种情况下相同或不同的表示为CR 1或N;
    Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-100003
    其中虚线键表示该基团的键联位置(即通式(A)中Y=Y或Y-Y的位置),X的定义如上述,Q 1选自O、S、NR 2、CR 3R 4
    W相同或不同的表示为CR 5或N,且至少有一个W为C-CN,同时至少有两个W为N;
    L 1选自单键,或取代或未取代环原子数为5-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团;
    L 2选自取代或未取代环原子数为5-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团;
    R 1-R 5在每次出现时,可以相同或不同地是H,或D,或者具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者是取代或无取代的甲硅烷基,或具有1至20个C原子的取代的酮基,或具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基,或具有7至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基,氰基,氨基甲酰基,卤甲酰基,甲酰基,异氰基,异氰酸酯,硫氰酸酯或异硫氰酸酯,羟基,硝基,CF 3,Cl,Br,F,可交联的基团,或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或这些基团的组合,其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,A选自如下所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-100005
    其中,Q 1含义同权利要求1;
    R 6是取代基,在每次出现时,可以相同或不同地选自D,或者具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或者是取代或无取代的甲硅烷基,或具有1至20个C原子的取代的酮基,或具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基,或具有7至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基,氰基,氨基甲酰基,卤甲酰基,甲酰基,异氰基,异氰酸酯,硫氰酸酯或异硫氰酸酯,羟基,硝基,CF 3,Cl,Br,F,可交联的基团,或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或这些基团的组合,其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物选自如通式(II-1)至(II-14)所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-100006
    其中,m、n分别独立选自0、1、2或3,R的含义同权利要求2中的R 6
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,L 1和L 2独立选自以下基团及组合:
    Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-100007
    其中:
    V每次出现时,独立选自CR 1或N;
    Z每次出现时,独立选自NR 7、CR 8R 9、O、S、SiR 10R 11、S=O、SO 2
    R 1,R 7-R 11的定义如权利要求2中的R 6
  5. 一种高聚物,包含至少一个重复单元,其特征在于,所述重复单元包含如通式(I)所示的结构。
  6. 一种混合物,其特征在于,所述混合物包含第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2),所述第一有机化合物(H1)包含至少一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的有机化合物,所述第二有机化合物(H2)具有空穴传输特性,且第一有机化合物(H1)与第二有机化合物 (H2)的摩尔比范围为1:9至9:1。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的混合物,其特征在于,所述第一有机化合物(H1)和第二有机化合物(H2)具有II型的半导体异质结结构,其中第一有机化合物(H1)包含有化学式(I)所示的结构单元,并且min(LUMO(H1)-HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1))≤min(E T(H1),E T(H2))+0.1eV,其中LUMO(H1),HOMO(H1)及E T(H1)分别是H1的最低未占有轨道,最高占有轨道,三线态能级,LUMO(H2),HOMO(H2)及E T(H2)分别是H2的最低未占有轨道,最高占有轨道,三线态能级。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的混合物,其特征在于,所述第二有机化合物(H2)选自化学式(III-1)或(III-2)及(III-3)的组合中的任一种:
    Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-100008
    G 1、G 2在每种情况下彼此独立选自取代或未取代的环原子数为5-30的芳香基团或杂芳香基团;
    K在每次出现时彼此独立地为单键或CR 18R 19
    s在每次出现时彼此独立地为0或1;
    化学式(III-2)相邻的两个*与化学式(III-3)相接,且化学式(III-2)不与化学式(III-3)相接的*独立的为CR 20
    L 3-L 5和权利要求1中L 1含义相同;
    R 12-R 17和权利要求2中的R 6含义相同,R 18-R 20和权利要求1中的R 1含义相同;
    Ar 1、Ar 2彼此独立选自取代或未取代的环原子数为6-30的芳香基团或环原子数为5~30的杂芳香基团。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的混合物,所述第二有机化合物(H2)为如下通式(IV-1)-(IV-6)之一所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2022142222-appb-100009
    其中,G 1、G 2、K、R 12-R 17、R 20、L 3-L 5、Ar 1、Ar 2、s的含义同权利要求8。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一项所述的混合物,其特征在于,所述混合物进一步包含一种发光材料,所述的发光材料可选于单重态发光体、三重态发光体或TADF材料。
  11. 一种组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包含有一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的有机化合物,或一种如权利要求5所述的高聚物,或一种如权利要求6-10任一项所述的混合物,及至少一种有机溶剂。
  12. 一种有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述有机电子器件包含一种如权利要求1-4任一项 所述的有机化合物,或一种如权利要求5所述的高聚物,或一种如权利要求6-10任一项所述的混合物。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述有机电子器件选自有机发光二极管、有机光伏电池、有机发光电池、有机场效应管、有机发光场效应管、有机激光器、有机自旋电子器件、有机传感器及有机等离激元发射二极管。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述有机电子器件是有机电致发光器件,至少包含一发光层,所述的发光层包含有一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的有机化合物,或一种如权利要求5所述高聚物,或一种如权利要求6-10任一项所述的混合物。
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