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WO2023103469A1 - 一种船舶柴油机scr系统还原剂蒸发混合系统和供给方法 - Google Patents

一种船舶柴油机scr系统还原剂蒸发混合系统和供给方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023103469A1
WO2023103469A1 PCT/CN2022/115506 CN2022115506W WO2023103469A1 WO 2023103469 A1 WO2023103469 A1 WO 2023103469A1 CN 2022115506 W CN2022115506 W CN 2022115506W WO 2023103469 A1 WO2023103469 A1 WO 2023103469A1
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Prior art keywords
reductant
reducing agent
diesel engine
interface
unit
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PCT/CN2022/115506
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭江峰
杨新伟
周伟中
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中船动力(集团)有限公司
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Publication of WO2023103469A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023103469A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the fields of atmospheric environment treatment, denitrification technology, and environmentally friendly ships, and in particular to a reductant evaporation and mixing system and supply method for an SCR system of a marine diesel engine.
  • the reductant evaporation pyrolysis hybrid technology plays a key role in the purification performance of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the SCR system.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the reducing agent evaporation pyrolysis mixing technology commonly used in the field of marine SCR mainly includes the following two types:
  • Adopt burner + ammonia injection grid use the burner to provide high-temperature exhaust gas to first vaporize and pyrolyze the reducing agent, and then mix it with the exhaust gas through the ammonia injection grid.
  • AIG ammonia injection grid
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a reductant evaporation mixing system and supply method for a marine diesel engine SCR system, which can solve the above problems.
  • the object of the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
  • a new type of reductant evaporation mixing system for marine diesel engine SCR system includes a reductant storage tank, a reductant pump, a metering unit, and an injection unit that are connected in sequence in a controllable manner, and the nozzle of the injection unit is connected to the exhaust collector of the marine diesel engine On the pipe, the system also includes a control unit and a monitoring unit.
  • the reductant storage tank, reductant pump and metering unit can provide reductant with different concentrations and flow rates, wherein the reductant storage tank includes a urea tank and an ammonia water tank,
  • the monitoring unit is used to identify the type of the SCR system and detect the load of the diesel engine, the type of the reducing agent, the concentration and flow of the reducing agent at the injection unit in real time, and the control unit regulates the selection of the connection type of the reducing agent storage tank and the Reductant pump flow.
  • the category of SCR systems includes low-voltage SCR systems and high-voltage SCR systems.
  • the regulating node of the reducing agent concentration is the full load of the diesel engine including 25%, 50% and 100%.
  • the urea concentration provided by the urea tank, the reducing agent pump, and the urea flow path of the metering unit is 10-50wt%, and the injection flow rate is 10L/h-1500L/h; the ammonia water tank, the reducing agent pump, and the urea flow path of the metering unit provide The concentration of ammonia water is 10-60wt%, and the injection flow rate is 10L/h-2000L/h.
  • the monitoring unit identifies the type of SCR system and detects the diesel engine load in real time, and transmits the monitoring parameters to the control unit;
  • the control unit selects the reductant storage tank access flow path, reductant concentration, and reductant supply flow according to the ship's SCR processing performance and emission requirements; at the same time, the monitoring unit monitors and feeds back the NOx conversion rate and emission of the SCR, and the control unit adjusts the reductant in real time concentration and supply flow.
  • the MAP diagram of the injection quantity of the control unit under different loads of the diesel engine is calibrated, so that the reductant evaporation mixing and supply system can operate as expected under any working condition of the diesel engine.
  • the set flow rate is sprayed;
  • the reducing agent can be fully evaporated and pyrolyzed, and at the same time, the exhaust manifold can be used to The large volume of the tube enables the reducing agent after evaporation and pyrolysis to be fully mixed with the exhaust gas.
  • the reducing agent After fully evaporated, pyrolyzed and mixed, the reducing agent enters the engine supercharger, and after the high-speed disturbance of the supercharger, the reducing agent is further fully mixed with the exhaust gas. The fully mixed exhaust gas then flows into the downstream SCR reactor for denitrification reaction
  • the invention Compared with the existing marine SCR system reductant evaporation pyrolysis mixing technology, the invention has the characteristics of simple process route, low initial investment cost and low operation cost.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the reductant evaporation mixing system of marine diesel engine SCR system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual reducing agent system.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the control monitoring unit
  • FIG. 4 is a control schematic diagram of the control monitoring unit
  • test example of the present invention In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the test example of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the test example of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the test example of the present invention. Obviously, the described test example It is a part of test cases of the present invention, but not all test cases. Based on the test examples in the present invention, all other test examples obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • a new type of reductant evaporation and mixing system for marine diesel engine SCR system see Figure 1 and Figure 2, the system includes a reductant storage tank 1, a reductant pump 2, a metering unit 3 and an injection unit 4 that are controllably connected in sequence, the injection The nozzle of the unit 4 is connected to the exhaust manifold of the marine diesel engine 5, and the system also includes a control unit 6 and a monitoring unit 7.
  • the reductant storage tank, reductant pump and metering unit can provide reductant with different concentrations and flow rates, wherein , the reductant storage tank includes one or more of urea tank and ammonia water tank, and the monitoring unit is used to identify the type of SCR system and detect the diesel engine load, reductant type, concentration and flow of reductant at the injection unit in real time , the control unit regulates the selection of the connection type of the reductant storage tank and the flow rate of the reductant pump according to the information of the monitoring unit.
  • the new marine diesel engine SCR system reductant evaporation pyrolysis mixing technology is applied to 6S50ME-C marine low-speed diesel engine high-pressure SCR (HP-SCR) system, and compared with the traditional installation of evaporation mixing tube technology.
  • HP-SCR high-pressure SCR
  • urea is used as the reducing agent and injected at a flow rate of 60L/h.
  • the concentration of NH3 at the inlet of the SCR reactor was detected to be 1125ppm, and the efficiency of urea evaporation and pyrolysis was 99.4%.
  • the concentration is 1112ppm, and the urea evaporation and pyrolysis efficiency is 98.2%.
  • the internal structure of the control monitoring unit is as follows:
  • the main components of the monitoring control unit are: programmable controller with integrated communication interface 1, near-ground man-machine interface 2, remote man-machine interface 3, RS485 interface 4, I/O interface (signal input and output interface) 5 , NOx sensor 6.
  • the programmable controller with integrated communication interface is connected to the I/O interface, specifically DI, DO, AI, AO interface, where the AI, AO interface is connected to the programmable controller by the AD conversion circuit, and the IO interface is externally connected to the restoration
  • the agent evaporation mixing and supply system is connected with the sensor and actuator on the exhaust manifold of the diesel engine.
  • the programmable controller with integrated communication interface is connected to the NOx sensor with Ethernet interface.
  • the NOx sensor has an internal integrated Ethernet interface, supports TCP/IP protocol, and performs data communication with the programmable controller.
  • the programmable controller with integrated communication interface is connected with the near-ground and remote man-machine interface, and man-machine dialogue operation and monitoring can be performed at different positions.
  • the programmable controller with integrated communication interface is connected with the RS485 module, through which data communication with third-party equipment can be carried out.
  • the present invention transports the reductant in the reductant storage tank to the metering unit through the reductant pump, and then injects the reductant into the exhaust manifold of the diesel engine through the injection unit (including the spray gun and the nozzle).
  • the exhaust gas in the exhaust manifold has the characteristics of high temperature and large gas volume, which can fully evaporate and thermally decompose the injected reducing agent.
  • due to the large volume of the exhaust manifold it can effectively prolong the life of the reducing agent in the exhaust manifold.
  • the residence time allows the reductant to mix with the exhaust gas.
  • the invention has the characteristics of simple technical route, high efficiency, less equipment and low cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

一种船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发混合系统，通过还原剂泵（2）将还原剂储罐（1）内的还原剂输送至计量单元（3），然后通过喷射单元（4）喷射进入柴油机排气集管（5）；同时，SCR还原剂的喷射过程与柴油机运行状态直接相关；还原剂喷射量随柴油机实时的运行状态调整；排气集管内的废气具有温度高、气量大的特点，可以充分使喷射进入的还原剂发生蒸发和热分解，另外由于排气集管（5）体积较大，能够有效延长还原剂在排气集管（5）内的停留时间，从而可以使还原剂与废气发生混合。该系统具有技术路线简单、效率高、设备少、成本低等特点。还提供了一种船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发混合供给方法。

Description

一种船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发混合系统和供给方法 技术领域
本发明涉及大气环境治理、脱硝技术、环保船舶等领域，尤其涉及一种船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发混合系统和供给方法。
背景技术
还原剂蒸发热解混合技术对于SCR系统发挥氮氧化物(NOx)净化性能具有关键作用。尤其是在船用SCR领域，由于船舶柴油机废气温度通常较低，不能够使还原剂发生充分热解，进而使SCR系统净化效率下降，同时容易在SCR系统内以及柴油机排气烟管内产生结晶堵塞的风险。
目前在船用SCR领域较为常用的还原剂蒸发热解混合技术，主要有以下两类：
1)在废气排温合适的前提下，使用一段蒸发混合管(Vaporizer/Mixer)，在该蒸发混合管内将还原剂进行充分蒸发热解和混合，但该技术使用的蒸发混合管通常距离长(2-6m)，占用空间大，且成本较高；
2)采用补燃器(Burner)+喷氨格栅(AIG)技术，利用补燃器提供高温废气先将还原剂蒸发热解，然后通过喷氨格栅与废气进行混合，该技术设备多、工艺复杂，且初期投入成本和运营成本都较高。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发混合系统和供给方法，其能解决上述问题。
本发明的目的采用以下技术方案实现：
一种新型的船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发混合系统，系统包括依次可控连接的还原剂储罐、还原剂泵、计量单元、和喷射单元，所述喷射单元的喷嘴连接至船用柴油机排气集管上，系统还包括控制单元和监测单元，所述还原剂储罐、还原剂泵和计量单元能提供不同浓度和流量的还原剂，其中，所述还原剂储罐包括尿素罐和氨水罐，所述监测单元用于识别SCR系统类别并实时检测柴油机负荷、还原剂类型、喷射单元处的还原剂浓度和流量，所述控制单元根据监测单元的信息调控还原剂储罐的接入类型选择和还原剂泵流量。
优选的，所述SCR系统类别包括低压SCR系统和高压SCR系统。
优选的，所述还原剂浓度的调控节点为包含25％、50％和100％在内的柴油机全负荷
优选的，尿素罐、还原剂泵、计量单元的尿素流路提供的尿素浓度为10-50wt％喷射流量为10L/h-1500L/h；氨水罐、还原剂泵、计量单元的尿素流路提供的氨水浓度为10-60wt％，喷射流量为10L/h-2000L/h。
还提供了一种根据前述系统的还原剂供给方法，方法包括：
监测单元识别SCR系统类别并实时检测柴油机负荷，并将监测参数传送给控制单元；
控制单元根据船舶SCR处理性能和排放要求选择还原剂储罐接入流路、还原剂浓度、还原剂供给流量；同时监测单元监测并反馈SCR的NOx转化率和排放量，控制单元实时调整还原剂浓度和供给流量。
具体的：根据从柴油机采集的负荷，转速，排气正时等参数标定出控制单元在柴油机不同负荷下喷射量的MAP图，使还原剂蒸发混合及供给系统能够在柴油机任何工况下按照预设的流量进行喷射；
根据从柴油机采集的进出口温度和压力等参数判断出还原剂蒸发混合及供给系统的喷射时机；
通过控制单元的PID调节，以及在PID调节的基础上加入NOx排放量的信号输入，进行负反馈调节和校正计算，以达到最好的喷射效率和效果。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
1)结合船舶柴油机自身特点，通过将还原剂喷射进入柴油机排气集管内，利用排气集管内的大流量高温废气作为热源，使喷射进入的还原剂充分蒸发和热解，同时利用排气集管体积大的特点，使蒸发热解后的还原剂能够与废气充分混合。
2)完成充分蒸发、热解和混合后的还原剂进入发动机增压器，经增压器高速扰动作用，还原剂进一步与废气发生充分混合。充分混合后的废气再流入下游的SCR反应器进行脱硝反应
3)与已有的船用SCR系统还原剂蒸发热解混合技术相比，该发明具有工艺路线简单、初期投入成本和运行成本低等特点。
附图说明
图1为本发明船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发混合系统的示意图；
图2为双还原剂系统示意图。
图3为控制监测单元的内部结构示意图
图4为控制监测单元的控制示意图
具体实施方式
为使本发明测试例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明测试例中的附图，对本发明测试例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的测试例是本发明的一部分测试例，而不是全部的测试例。基于本发明中的测试例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他测试例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种新型的船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发混合系统，参见图1和图2，系统包括依次可控连接的还原剂储罐1、还原剂泵2、计量单元3和喷射单元4，所述喷射单元4的喷嘴连接至船用柴油机排气集5管上，系统还包括控制单元6和监测单元7，所述还原剂储罐、还原剂泵和计量单元能提供不同浓度和流量的还原剂，其中，所述还原剂储罐包括尿素罐和氨水罐中的一种或多种，所述监测单元用于识别SCR系统类别并实时检测柴油机负荷、还原剂类型、喷射单元处的还原剂浓度和流量，所述控制单元根据监测单元的信息调控还原剂储罐的接入类型选择和还原剂泵流量。根据上述系统和供给方法，提供了不同测试例如下。
将该新型船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发热解混合技术应用6S50ME-C船用低速柴油机高压SCR(HP-SCR)系统，并与传统的安装蒸发混合管技术作对比。柴油机在25％负荷时，使用40wt％尿素作为还原剂，以60L/h流量进行喷射。对比发现，使用新型还原剂蒸发热解混合技术，检测到SCR反应器进口NH3浓度为1125ppm，尿素蒸发热解效率为99.4％；而使用传统的安装蒸发混合管技术，检测到SCR反应器进口NH3浓度为1112ppm，尿素蒸发热解效率为98.2％。
所述的控制监测单元的内部结构如下：
(1)监测控制单元的主要元件构成有：集成通讯接口的可编程控制器1，近地 人机界面2，远程人机界面3，RS485接口4，I/O接口(信号输入输出接口)5，NOx传感器6。
(2)集成通讯接口的可编程控制器与I/O接口连接，具体为DI,DO,AI,AO接口，其中AI,AO接口由AD转换电路与可编程控制器连接，IO接口外部与还原剂蒸发混合及供给系统和柴油机排气集管上的传感器及执行器连接。
(3)集成通讯接口的可编程控制器与带以太网接口的NOx传感器连接，NOx传感器内部集成以太网接口，支持TCP/IP协议，与可编程控制器进行数据通讯。
(4)集成通讯接口的可编程控制器与近地和远程人机界面连接，可在不同的位置进行人机对话操作和监测。
(5)集成通讯接口的可编程控制器与RS485模块连接，可以通过其与第三方设备进行数据通信。
综上所述，本发明通过还原剂泵将还原剂储罐内的还原剂输送至计量单元，然后通过喷射单元(包括喷枪和喷嘴)喷射进入柴油机排气集管。排气集管内的废气具有温度高、气量大的特点，可以充分使喷射进入的还原剂发生蒸发和热分解，另外由于排气集管体积较大，能够有效延长还原剂在排气集管内的停留时间，从而可以使还原剂与废气发生混合。该发明具有技术路线简单、效率高、设备少、成本低等特点。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种船舶柴油机SCR系统还原剂蒸发混合系统，系统包括依次可控连接的还原剂储罐、还原剂泵、计量单元和喷射单元，所述喷射单元的喷嘴连接至船用柴油机排气集管上，其特征在于：还包括控制单元和监测单元，所述还原剂储罐、还原剂泵和计量单元能提供不同浓度和流量的还原剂，所述监测单元用于识别SCR系统类别并实时监测柴油机负荷、柴油机还原剂类型、喷射单元处的还原剂浓度和流量，所述控制单元根据监测单元的信息调控还原剂储罐的接入类型选择和还原剂泵流量，使喷射后的还原剂在排气集管内发生蒸发和分解。充分分解后的还原剂经发动机增压器作用，与废气发生充分混合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述还原剂浓度的调控范围覆盖柴油机全负荷的25％、50％或100％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述还原剂储罐包括尿素罐和/或氨水罐。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于：所述的尿素罐、还原剂泵、计量单元的还原剂流路提供的尿素浓度为10-50wt％，喷射流量为10L/h-1500L/h；氨水罐、还原剂泵、计量单元的还原剂流路提供的氨水浓度为10-60wt％，喷射流量为10L/h-2000L/h。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的系统，其特征在于，所述的控制单元和监测单元包括集成通讯接口的可编程控制器(1)、近地人机界面(2)、远程人机界面(3)、RS485接口(4)、I/O接口(5)和带以太网接口的Nox传感器(6)；
    所述的集成通讯接口的可编程控制器与I/O接口(5)连接，具体为DI,DO,AI,AO接口，其中AI,AO接口由AD转换电路与可编程控制器连接，IO 接口外部与还原剂蒸发混合及供给系统和柴油机排气集管上的传感器及执行器连接；
    所述的集成通讯接口的可编程控制器与带以NOx传感器连接，NOx传感器内部集成以太网接口，支持TCP/IP协议，与可编程控制器进行数据通讯；
    所述的集成通讯接口的可编程控制器与近地和远程人机界面连接，在不同的位置进行人机对话操作和监测；
    所述的集成通讯接口的可编程控制器与RS485接口连接，用于与第三方设备进行数据通信。
  6. 一种根据权利要求1-5任一所述的系统的还原剂供给方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：
    监测单元识别SCR系统类别并实时检测柴油机负荷，并将监测参数传送给控制单元；
    控制单元根据船舶SCR处理性能和排放要求选择还原剂储罐接入流路、还原剂浓度、还原剂供给流量；同时监测单元监测并反馈SCR的NOx转化率和排放量，控制单元实时调整还原剂浓度和供给流量。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的还原剂供给方法，其特征在于，
    根据从柴油机采集的负荷，转速，排气正时等参数标定出控制单元在柴油机不同负荷下喷射量的MAP图，使还原剂蒸发混合及供给系统能够在柴油机任何工况下按照预设的流量进行喷射；
    根据从柴油机采集的进出口温度和压力等参数判断出还原剂蒸发混合及供给系统的喷射时机；
    通过控制单元的PID调节，以及在PID调节的基础上加入NOx排放量的信号输入，进行负反馈调节和校正计算，以达到最好的喷射效率和效果。
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