WO2023166777A1 - 車両制御装置及び車両制御方法 - Google Patents
車両制御装置及び車両制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023166777A1 WO2023166777A1 PCT/JP2022/038014 JP2022038014W WO2023166777A1 WO 2023166777 A1 WO2023166777 A1 WO 2023166777A1 JP 2022038014 W JP2022038014 W JP 2022038014W WO 2023166777 A1 WO2023166777 A1 WO 2023166777A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/02—Control of vehicle driving stability
- B60W30/025—Control of vehicle driving stability related to comfort of drivers or passengers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
- B60W40/08—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to drivers or passengers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/0097—Predicting future conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
- B60W50/14—Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
- G06V20/59—Context or environment of the image inside of a vehicle, e.g. relating to seat occupancy, driver state or inner lighting conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
- B60W50/14—Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
- B60W2050/146—Display means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2420/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
- B60W2420/40—Photo, light or radio wave sensitive means, e.g. infrared sensors
- B60W2420/403—Image sensing, e.g. optical camera
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/16—Pitch
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/18—Roll
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/223—Posture, e.g. hand, foot, or seat position, turned or inclined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2720/16—Pitch
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2720/18—Roll
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle control device and a vehicle control method for controlling the momentum of a vehicle, and more particularly, to vehicle control for controlling the posture of a vehicle so as to improve the ride comfort of passengers and prevent the onset of motion sickness (motion sickness). Apparatus and vehicle control method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a conventional vehicle control device that controls vehicle motion to reduce the shaking of the occupant's head, which leads to motion sickness (motion sickness) for the occupant.
- a declination detecting means for detecting the declination between the traveling direction of the vehicle and the direction of the target arrival point after the forward gaze time on the target course on which the vehicle travels; a target value calculation means for calculating a yaw angular velocity proportional to the declination as a first target value of the yaw angular velocity after a dead time of one-third of the forward gaze time; correcting the first target value of the yaw angular velocity; target value correction means for obtaining a second target value of yaw angular velocity when performing feedforward control for suppressing occupant's head sway;
- the dead time is a first dead time corresponding to the phase delay of feedforward control, or the first dead time and the phase delay of the transfer function from the actual steering angle to the yaw angular velocity and the sum of the second dead time corresponding to ".
- the transfer function of the feedforward control is a first transfer function that obtains the displacement of the occupant's head from the lateral acceleration acting on the vehicle defined using a human body behavior model.
- the sign of the unstable zero point present in the numerator is reversed to form a second transfer function including an inverse model in which the numerator and denominator are interchanged.
- Patent Document 1 refers only to the control of the occupant's head in the lateral (roll) direction. It is conceivable that there are unavoidable cases.
- Patent Document 1 does not mention that the human body behavior model may differ depending on the occupant, and the feedforward control adapted for one occupant exerts a significant effect of suppressing head shaking for another occupant. may not.
- the feedforward control adapted for one occupant exerts a significant effect of suppressing head shaking for another occupant. may not.
- an object of the present invention is to take into consideration the influence of not only the lateral (roll) direction but also the forward and backward (pitch) direction of vehicle motion on the occupant's head swing and individual differences, and to develop a vehicle motion system in which front and rear and lateral directions are coordinated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle control device and a vehicle control method for further reducing the occupant's head shaking.
- the vehicle motion in the second direction different from the first direction is The vehicle is characterized by comprising: a head-swing prediction model for obtaining a change given to the head-swing in the first direction of the occupant; and a vehicle motion generator for generating vehicle motion based on the head-swing prediction model.
- Vehicle control device in response to the occupant's head swing in the first direction caused by the vehicle motion in the first direction, the vehicle motion in the second direction different from the first direction.
- the present invention provides a method in which "vehicle motion in a second direction different from the first direction is applied to the head of the occupant in a first direction due to the vehicle motion in the first direction.
- a vehicle control method characterized by obtaining a change given to head swing in one direction and controlling the vehicle so as to suppress vehicle motion in a second direction.”
- the present invention is a method for obtaining a change in lateral head swing of an occupant caused by lateral vehicle motion caused by longitudinal vehicle motion.
- a vehicle control method characterized by controlling a vehicle so as to suppress vehicle motion in the longitudinal direction.
- a suppressive vehicle control method can be implemented.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating input/output signals of the vehicle control device 2 of the first embodiment; FIG. The figure which shows the case where the vehicle has the shape of the shared bus which can drive automatically as an example of a passenger
- 1 is a functional block diagram of a vehicle control device 2 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. The functional block diagram which shows the calculation method of motion sickness incidence MSI.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing how a head roll angle is generated due to lateral acceleration with respect to an occupant;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which a spring-mass-damper dynamic model is adopted as a physical model;
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the vehicle 1 changing lanes, and a diagram showing an example of changes in the lateral acceleration 72 of the vehicle 1 and the head roll angle 74 of the occupant 52 at that time.
- 1 is a diagram conceptually showing an example of functions of a vehicle motion generator 25 according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of setting of a spring coefficient K65 of a spring 61 in the horizontal direction in a head shaking prediction model
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of a vehicle motion generator 25
- Embodiment 1 A diagram showing an example of a change in vehicle motion caused by a vehicle motion generator 25.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a vehicle 1 entering a left curve
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of changes in vehicle motion caused by a vehicle motion generation unit 25 according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of changes in vehicle motion caused by a vehicle motion generation unit 25 according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of changes in vehicle motion caused by the vehicle motion generator 25 of the first embodiment;
- the functional block diagram of the vehicle control apparatus 2 which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. 8 is a flowchart showing processing of the vehicle control device 2 of the second embodiment;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of changes in vehicle motion caused by a vehicle motion generator 25 according to the second embodiment;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of changes in vehicle motion caused by a vehicle motion generator 25 according to the second embodiment;
- the present invention is based on the discovery of a new finding that head sway in the front-rear direction also affects motion sickness due to head sway in the left-right direction.
- the above findings according to the present invention can be described as "a head swing of the occupant in a first direction caused by vehicle motion in a first direction, in a second direction different from the first direction. Vehicle motion affects the occupant's head swing in a first direction.”
- the head sway in the front-rear direction is suppressed and controlled, and this specific method will be described in the examples.
- FIG. 1 A vehicle control device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18.
- FIG. 1 A vehicle control device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18.
- FIG. 1 A vehicle control device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18.
- FIG. 1 A vehicle control device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of the overall configuration of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- 2 is a vehicle control device
- 3 is an external control device
- 4 is a combine sensor
- 11 is a wheel
- 12 is a motor
- 13 is a brake mechanism
- 14 is a steering mechanism
- 15 is a suspension
- 16 is an accelerator pedal
- 17 is an accelerator pedal.
- a brake pedal, 18 is a handle.
- FL is a symbol indicating a configuration corresponding to the front left, FR the front right, RL the rear left, and RR the rear right.
- 11 RR are left front wheel, right front wheel, left rear wheel and right rear wheel respectively.
- F is a symbol indicating that the configuration corresponds to the front side and R is the configuration corresponding to the rear side.
- the longitudinal direction of the vehicle 1 is defined as the x-axis (the forward direction is positive)
- the lateral direction is defined as the y-axis (the left direction is positive)
- the vertical direction is defined as the z-axis (the upward direction is positive).
- the vehicle control device 2 receives a driver's operation, an external command from the external control device 3, and detection signals from the combine sensor 4 (front-back, left-right, up-down acceleration, and roll, pitch, and yaw rates). It is a control device that integrally controls each actuator such as the motor 12, the brake mechanism 13, the steering mechanism 14, the suspension 15, etc., according to the detection signals related to the control axes with a total of six degrees of freedom.
- the vehicle control device 2 is an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) having hardware such as an arithmetic unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a main storage device such as a semiconductor memory, an auxiliary storage device, and a communication device. Unit). Each function described later is realized by executing the program loaded from the auxiliary storage device to the main storage device by the arithmetic device.
- ECU Electronic Control Unit
- the external control device 3 is a host controller for executing driving support control and automatic driving control via the vehicle control device 2. Based on the external world information acquired by the external sensor 19 (camera, radar, LiDAR, etc.), Speed command value and acceleration command value for realizing adaptive cruise control (ACC) that follows the preceding vehicle, or yaw command value for realizing lane keep control (LKC) that maintains driving in the lane etc., and outputs them to the vehicle control device 2 as external commands.
- ACC adaptive cruise control
- LLC lane keep control
- vehicle control device 2 and the external control device 3 are separate in FIG. 1, they may be realized by one ECU.
- a fisheye camera having a viewing angle of 180° is installed on each of the front, left and right side surfaces, and rear surface of the vehicle 1 ( 19F , 19SL , 19SR , 19R ). It is possible to detect relative distances and relative velocities to objects such as other vehicles, bicycles, pedestrians, and obstacles in the surroundings.
- the combination of the above sensors is shown as an example of the sensor configuration, but the sensor configuration is not limited to this.
- a laser radar capable of sensing 360 degrees around may be mounted.
- the sensor signal (the signal output from the sensor) is input to the vehicle control device 2 or the external control device 3 .
- the vehicle 1 is equipped with a torque generator that applies a driving force to each of the wheels 11 as a main part of the drive system.
- a torque generator that applies a driving force to each of the wheels 11 as a main part of the drive system.
- An example of this torque generating device is an engine or motor that transmits driving force to a pair of left and right wheels 11 via a differential gear and a drive shaft.
- Another example of the torque generator is an in-wheel motor type motor 12 that drives each of the wheels 11 independently.
- the driver When the driver wants to move the vehicle 1 forward (or reverse), the driver operates the accelerator pedal 16 after setting the shift lever to the desired setting. At this time, the stroke sensor 16 a detects the depression amount of the accelerator pedal 16 , and the acceleration control device 16 b outputs an accelerator command converted from the depression amount to the vehicle control device 2 .
- the vehicle control device 2 supplies electric power according to the inputted accelerator command from a battery (not shown) to the motor 12 of each wheel, and controls the motor torque of each wheel. As a result, the vehicle 1 can be accelerated or decelerated according to the operation of the accelerator pedal 16 .
- the vehicle control device 2 supplies desired electric power to the motor 12 of each wheel according to the input external command. to control each motor torque. As a result, the vehicle 1 is accelerated and decelerated, and desired driving assistance and automatic driving are executed.
- the vehicle 1 is equipped with a wheel cylinder 13a that applies a braking force to each of the wheels 11 as a main part of the braking system.
- This wheel cylinder 13a is composed of, for example, a cylinder, a piston, a pad, a disk rotor, and the like.
- the piston is propelled by hydraulic fluid supplied from the master cylinder, and the pad connected to the piston is pressed against the disc rotor rotating together with the wheel 11, thereby exerting a brake torque acting on the disc rotor. is the braking force acting between the wheel 11 and the road surface.
- the driver When the driver wants to brake the vehicle 1 , the driver operates the brake pedal 17 . At this time, the driver's stepping force on the brake pedal 17 is increased by a brake booster (not shown), and the master cylinder generates hydraulic pressure substantially proportional to the stepping force. The generated hydraulic pressure is supplied to the wheel cylinders 13a FL , 13a FR , 13a RL and 13a RR of the respective wheels via the brake mechanism 13, so that the wheel cylinders 13a of the respective wheels are operated according to the operation of the brake pedal by the driver. piston is pressed against the disc rotor to generate a braking force on each wheel.
- the brake booster and the master cylinder may be omitted.
- the mechanism 13 may be a mechanism that directly operates.
- the vehicle control device 2 controls the brake mechanism 13 and each It controls the wheel cylinder 13a of the wheel. As a result, the vehicle 1 is braked, and desired driving assistance and automatic driving are performed.
- the brake control device 13b also has a function of converting the amount of operation of the brake pedal 17 by the driver into a brake command and outputting it to the vehicle control device 2 as an external command.
- the vehicle 1 is equipped with a steering mechanism 14 that applies a steering force to each of the wheels 11 as a main part of the steering system.
- a front side steering mechanism 14 F for steering the front wheels 11 F left front wheel 11 FL , right front wheel 11 FR
- a rear steering mechanism 14 F for steering the rear wheels 11 R left rear wheel 11 RL , right rear wheel 11 RR
- the side steering mechanism 14R is shown, it is not necessary to provide the front and rear steering mechanisms 14, and for example, the rear steering mechanism 14R may be omitted.
- the driver When the driver wants to steer the vehicle 1 , the driver operates the steering wheel 18 . At this time, the "steering torque" and “steering angle” input by the driver via the steering wheel 18 are detected by the steering torque detection device 18a and the steering angle detection device 18b.
- the front steering control device 14aF controls the front steering motor 14bF based on the detected steering torque and steering angle to generate assist torque for steering the front wheels 11F .
- the rear steering control device 14a R controls the rear steering motor 14b R based on the detected steering torque and steering angle to generate an assist torque for steering the rear wheels 11R . generate.
- the vehicle control device 2 controls the steering torque of the steering motor 14b via the steering control device 14a.
- the vehicle 1 is steered, and desired driving assistance and automatic driving are performed.
- the handle 18 may be omitted.
- the vehicle 1 is equipped with a suspension 15 as a main part of the suspension system for absorbing vibrations and shocks generated in each wheel 11 and improving the stability and ride comfort of the vehicle body.
- This suspension 15 is, for example, a semi-active suspension that combines a damper and a coil spring that can change the viscosity, or a combination of an actuator that can adjust the length, a damper, and a coil spring to arbitrarily change the relative distance between the vehicle body and the wheels 11. It is a fully active suspension.
- the vehicle control device 2 By controlling the viscosity of the semi-active suspension and the length of the full-active suspension, the vehicle control device 2 not only improves ride comfort, but also appropriately controls the posture of the vehicle 1 according to the environment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram listing input and output signals of the vehicle control device 2.
- the vehicle control device 2 receives an accelerator command, a brake command, a steering torque, a steering angle, and the like, which are generated by the driver operating the accelerator pedal 16, the brake pedal 17, the steering wheel 18, and the like. Input as an external command.
- the vehicle control device 2 has a longitudinal acceleration command value, a lateral acceleration command value, a vertical acceleration command value, a roll command value, a pitch command value, which are generated by the external control device 3 during driving support control or automatic driving control.
- External commands with a maximum of six degrees of freedom are input from among the yaw command values.
- the vehicle control device 2 receives from the combine sensor 4 detection values of longitudinal, lateral, and vertical accelerations, and roll, pitch, and yaw rates.
- the vehicle control device 2 controls the motor 12 (12 FL to 12 RR ), the brake mechanism 13 (wheel cylinders 13a FL to 13a RR ), the steering mechanism 14 (steering motor 14b F , 14b R ), and suspension 15 (15 FL to 15 RR ) (hereinafter, codes 12 to 15 may be collectively referred to as actuators) by appropriately distributing the operation amount of each to drive, brake, and steer. , and suspension to achieve desired vehicle control including attitude control.
- FIG. 2 also illustrates an external command originating from the driver. 1.
- the configuration may be such that the external command originating from the driver is omitted.
- an external command with a maximum of 6 degrees of freedom may be input from the external control device 3, and external world information from the external sensor 19 and map information stored inside the vehicle control device 2 may be used for automatic driving.
- a target value may be generated. In the present embodiment, description will be made on the premise that the target value for automatic driving is generated inside the vehicle control device 2 .
- the vehicle control device 2 may further receive an occupant characteristic 24 (representing the posture of the occupant).
- an occupant characteristic 24 (representing the posture of the occupant).
- a camera is installed in the vehicle interior of the vehicle 1 as the occupant characteristic acquisition unit 23 to measure the movement of the occupant's head and estimate the likelihood of developing motion sickness (motion sickness).
- a mechanism may be provided for acquiring information related to the susceptibility to motion sickness (motion sickness) of the occupant during the ride from the portable terminal owned by the occupant.
- FIG. 3a shows an example in which the vehicle 1a has the shape of a shared bus that can be driven automatically.
- the occupant characteristic acquisition unit 23a is a ceiling-mounted camera with a 360° field of view.
- the camera detects, as occupant characteristics 24, the riding position, riding direction, posture, head posture, head movement, line of sight, tasks during boarding (reading, sleeping, etc.) of the occupants 52a and 52'a.
- the camera is not limited to such a shape and position, and a plurality of cameras may be installed in the vehicle interior, and the field of view may not be 360 degrees.
- the occupant characteristic acquisition unit 23b is a camera installed near the connection point between the windshield and the ceiling (the part where the rearview mirror is normally attached).
- the occupant characteristic 24 of the occupant 52b seated in the rear seat is detected.
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the vehicle control device 2. As shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, three types of external commands originating from the driver (accelerator command, brake command, steering torque/steering angle) are input, and up to six types of external commands are input from the external control device 3 for vehicle control. Although the device 2 has been exemplified, in the present embodiment, as described above, the details of the vehicle control device 2 of the present embodiment will be described by taking as an example the configuration in which the target value for automatic driving is generated inside the vehicle control device 2 .
- the vehicle control device 2 of this embodiment comprises at least a target value generator 21, a vehicle motion generator 25, and a head shake prediction model 28. Output to the actuator 12-15.
- the target value generating unit 21 sets a vehicle motion target that realizes a specific driving task (following a route, traveling at the same speed as a preceding vehicle, etc.) in automatic driving as a target value 22, and outputs the target value to the vehicle motion generating unit 25. Output.
- the target value 22 is generally three types of a longitudinal acceleration command value, a lateral acceleration command value, and a yaw command value. A maximum of six command values should be generated.
- the target value generator 21 converts these external commands into a longitudinal acceleration command value, a lateral acceleration command value, and a lateral acceleration command value.
- a command value is converted into a yaw command value and output as a target value 22 .
- the vehicle motion generation unit 25 corrects the target values 22 of the input types, generates target values of the types that were not input, and determines the motion and posture of the vehicle with a maximum of six degrees of freedom (back and forth, left and right, up and down, roll, roll, and so on). It outputs vehicle motion 26, which is pitch and yaw.
- the vehicle motion generation unit 25 plays a role of generating a vehicle motion target in consideration of improvement of ride comfort and reduction of motion sickness. Based on motion features 29, vehicle motion 26 is generated to optimize motion sickness susceptibility index. An example of a specific generation method will be described later.
- the head sway prediction model 28 inputs the vehicle motion 26', which is the causal factor of the occurrence of head sway, and finally provides the occupant's head sway feature 29.
- the motion sickness incidence MSI which is the incidence of motion sickness (so-called "car sickness")
- the motion sickness susceptibility index for evaluating the motion sickness susceptibility of a passenger.
- the motion sickness incidence MSI can be calculated, for example, by the calculation method shown in FIG. Although the detailed description of FIG. 5 is omitted, according to this method, the vehicle motion 26', which is the causal factor of the occurrence of head shaking, is the three-axis head acceleration+gravitational acceleration 31, the three-axis head angular velocity 32, The motion sickness incidence rate MSI can be calculated based on the processing shown in FIG. 5 by inputting the three-axis head acceleration 33 .
- head acceleration and "head angular velocity” in FIG. Since the motion sickness incidence MSI is an index indicating that the vehicle motion is less prone to motion sickness as the value decreases, it is desirable to generate a target value for the vehicle motion that reduces the motion sickness incidence MSI.
- the roll or pitch swaying that occurs in the head should be as small as possible (or the roll angle and It is known that MSI is reduced by generating a pitch angle).
- motion sickness susceptibility index is MSDV (Motion Sickness Dose Value). This is a value extracted from the acceleration generated in the human body, and it is a value extracted from a specific frequency component that is said to be particularly susceptible to motion sickness. there is Therefore, when paying attention to this sensibility index, the vehicle motion of the vehicle motion is generated so as to control the front-back, left-right, and up-down acceleration so as not to generate the specific frequency component.
- MSDV Motion Sickness Dose Value
- motion sickness susceptibility index examples include biosignals (for example, sweating, heartbeat, etc.).
- biosignals for example, sweating, heartbeat, etc.
- the head swing prediction model 28 receives the provisional or final vehicle motion 26' from the vehicle motion generator 25, and predicts the head swing (occupant's head position) that may occur due to the vehicle motion 26' of the occupant while riding. It has a physics model that calculates predictive values of 6-axis momentum and attitude angle) into the future. Since the parameters of the physical model differ depending on the occupant, the head shaking prediction model 28 has a role of storing the parameters. Then, the vehicle motion generation unit 25 transmits the predicted value of the head swing that can occur due to the vehicle motion 26' or the stored parameter as the head swing feature 29 to the vehicle motion generation unit 25, so that the vehicle motion generation unit 25 can generate the final It provides information that serves as a basis for generating a realistic vehicle motion 26 .
- FIG. 6a shows how a lateral acceleration 72 to the occupant 52 causes a head roll angle 74.
- FIG. 6b shows an example in which a general spring-mass-damper dynamic model is adopted as the physical model for predicting head oscillation.
- the roll direction is described as an example in FIGS. 6a and 6b, the pitch direction can also be represented by a similar model. Also, as will be described later, it is characterized by having a relationship between the roll direction and the pitch direction.
- the dynamic input to this model is the inertial acceleration generated at the center of gravity of the inertia 63, and the resulting displacement 64 is equivalent to the head roll angle 74.
- the coefficients of the springs 61 and the dampers 62 shown in FIG. 6b are thought to differ from person to person (there are individual differences), and an example of the parameters of the head swing prediction model 28 are the coefficients of the springs 61 and the dampers 62 .
- the larger the coefficient of the spring or damper the smaller the swing of the head.
- X be the displacement 64 corresponding to the roll angle of the occupant's head
- X' be the first order differential with respect to time
- X'' be the second order differential
- K be the spring coefficient of the spring 61
- K be the damping coefficient of the damper 62.
- lateral acceleration 72 occurs as shown in the middle of FIG. That is, first steering to the right produces negative lateral acceleration, and then steering to the left produces positive acceleration.
- the head roll angles 74a and 74b for the same lateral acceleration 72 are different between the occupant a whose head is less likely to swing and the occupant b whose head is more likely to swing.
- the identified spring coefficient K and damping coefficient C are approximately It is assumed to have half the size.
- GVC G-Vectoring control
- the lateral acceleration 72 begins to increase at a certain point, and after reaching a curve with a constant curvature from the transition curve, the lateral acceleration becomes a constant value. indicates the passage of time. At this time, the lateral jerk indicates a certain value greater than 0 while traveling along the relaxation curve (the steering angle gradually increases).
- the GVC is characterized by generating a longitudinal acceleration proportional to the absolute value of this lateral jerk in the opposite direction (that is, generating it in the deceleration direction when the magnitude of the lateral jerk increases).
- a feature of the present invention is the method of setting the proportional coefficient (GVC gain 66) of the longitudinal acceleration with respect to the absolute value of the lateral jerk.
- the longitudinal acceleration 77a In a vehicle without GVC, the longitudinal acceleration 77a remains 0, and the vehicle enters the curve at a constant speed. A longitudinal acceleration proportional to the acceleration 76 is generated in the deceleration direction.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 show the results of measuring how the occupant's head swing changes when the GVC vehicle motion shown in FIG. 8 is generated.
- slalom driving was performed in which the vehicle continued to move left and right between lanes.
- FIG. 10 shows the change over time of the occupant's head roll rate 78 (roll rate is the time differential of the roll angle) at this time.
- roll rate is the time differential of the roll angle
- three subjects A, B, and C are measured, and the dashed line indicates "without GVC” and the solid line indicates "with GVC.”
- “without GVC” corresponds to the movement of the longitudinal acceleration 77a in FIG. 8
- with GVC corresponds to the movement of the longitudinal acceleration 77b in FIG.
- Fig. 10 it can be seen that the amplitude of the head roll rate of Subject A is larger at the roll rate 78a' with GVC than at the roll rate 78a without GVC.
- the amplitude of the head roll rate is smaller with GVC (78b', 78c') than without GVC (78b, 78c). This indicates that the occurrence of longitudinal acceleration in the deceleration direction proportional to the lateral jerk 76 at the time of steering may reduce the occupant's head swing, and that the effect varies from person to person. It is
- FIG. 11 shows a Lissajous waveform 79 in which the roll rate generated in the vehicle is plotted on the horizontal axis and the roll rate of the head is plotted on the vertical axis for Subject C, who had the highest head swing reduction effect with GVC. Focusing on the range of values on the horizontal axis, the dashed line without GVC and the solid line with GVC have almost the same range of values. In other words, the vehicle roll rate amplitude shows almost no difference depending on whether the GVC is present or not. This is due to the fact that the GVC only controls the vehicle in the front-rear direction, and changes in the lateral (roll) direction are slight. On the other hand, the vertical axis has a narrower range of values with GVC than without GVC, and it can be seen that the amplitude of the head roll rate 78 is smaller.
- the present invention utilizes this phenomenon (principle) to reduce lateral (roll) swinging of the occupant's head by controlling forward and backward movement.
- FIG. 12a is an explanatory diagram showing the definition of the forward/backward (pitch) direction and the left/right (roll) direction with respect to the head of the occupant 52.
- the direction in which the occupant 52 is facing is defined as front and rear, and the translational direction perpendicular to the front and rear is defined as left and right.
- FIG. 12b shows an example of setting the spring coefficient K65 of the spring 61 in the left/right (roll) direction in the head shaking prediction model 28.
- the horizontal axis represents the magnitude of longitudinal acceleration or pitch angle (which may be based on the vehicle body or the occupant's head), and the vertical axis represents the spring coefficient 65 assumed by the head swing prediction model 28.
- the longitudinal acceleration and the pitch angle will be described as examples of the vehicle momentum in the longitudinal direction.
- the vehicle momentum in the longitudinal direction is representatively described as "longitudinal acceleration”.
- occupant A is assumed to be subject A in FIG. 10, and exhibits characteristics in which there is no effect of reducing head shaking due to the occurrence of longitudinal acceleration (or rather, head shaking increases).
- the spring coefficient 65a does not change due to the longitudinal acceleration or the pitch angle, and is drawn as a characteristic parallel to the horizontal axis.
- the spring coefficient K may change in a downward direction for the occupant B when the longitudinal acceleration exceeds a certain value.
- the occupant B has a smaller spring coefficient 65b than the occupant A when longitudinal acceleration or pitch angle is not generated.
- the spring coefficient 65b rises to the right and exceeds the occupant A at a certain point. This suggests that by applying longitudinal acceleration during steering, the head shaking rather than that of the occupant A can be reduced, that is, the susceptibility to developing motion sickness can be suppressed.
- the vehicle motion generator 25 in FIG. 4 is configured as shown in FIG. 13, for example.
- the vehicle motion target 22, which is the input given to the input unit 30 in the vehicle motion generation unit 25, includes a longitudinal acceleration command value 22a, a lateral acceleration command value 22b, a yaw command value 22c, and additionally a roll angle A maximum of six command values including a command value 22d, a pitch angle command value 22e, and a vertical acceleration command value 22f are preferably used.
- vehicle motion targets 22 are given to a head swing prediction model 28 as vehicle motion 26', and 3-axis head acceleration+gravitational acceleration 31, 3-axis head angular velocity 32, and 3-axis Head acceleration 33 is used for MSI derivation in FIG.
- the vehicle motion generation unit 25 corrects the target values 22 of the input types, generates target values of the types that were not input, and calculates the motion and attitude of the vehicle with a maximum of six degrees of freedom (back and forth, left and right, up and down, roll, roll, and so on).
- FIG. 13 shows only the processing portion for the longitudinal acceleration related to the present invention. Therefore, although not shown in FIG. 13, it is possible to provide a control circuit for realizing reduction of motion sickness caused by horizontal head movement by suppressing control of the amount of movement in the horizontal direction.
- the vehicle motion generation unit 25 focuses on the longitudinal acceleration command value 22a and the pitch angle command value 22e, which are the vehicle motion target 22 for the longitudinal acceleration, among the input command values.
- a longitudinal acceleration target 77' is obtained. After the longitudinal acceleration target 77' is corrected by the subtractor 35, it is sent from the vehicle motion generator 25 as the longitudinal acceleration target 77 to the actuator 12-15.
- the horizontal acceleration command value 22b and the roll angle command value 22d which are related to the lateral acceleration 72, are differentiated by the differentiating circuit section 31 to obtain the lateral jerk 76, and the absolute value circuit At 32 the magnitude of the lateral jerk 76 is determined.
- a signal obtained by multiplying the magnitude of the lateral jerk 76 by the GVC gain 66 given from the head shaking prediction model 28 by the multiplication circuit 33 is corrected with respect to the longitudinal acceleration target 77' by the subtractor 35, and then the vehicle motion It is output as the longitudinal acceleration target 77 from the generator 25 .
- the occupant's head shaking feature 29 from the head shaking prediction model 28 in FIG. 4 is realized as the GVC gain 66 in FIG.
- GVC gain 66 is typically a value in the range of 1 to 0.
- the GVC gain 66 is set to a large value for an occupant judged to be prone to motion sickness based on the processing result of the head-swing prediction model 28, thereby reducing longitudinal acceleration.
- the gain 66 is adjusted so as to be directly reflected in driving.
- FIG. 14 shows an example in which the vehicle motion generator 25 generates longitudinal acceleration 77 as the vehicle motion 26 when the lane change target value 22 described in FIG. 7 is generated.
- the difference in behavior will be described by taking the same occupant A and occupant B as in FIG. 12 as an example.
- the lower diagram of FIG. 14 shows an example of how the head roll angles 74 of the occupant A and the occupant B change over time due to the occurrence of the longitudinal acceleration.
- the head roll angle 74a of the occupant A occurs as indicated by the dashed line
- the head of the occupant B travels so as not to generate longitudinal acceleration (runs at a constant speed) like the occupant A like 77a.
- the roll angle is generated with an amplitude larger than that of the occupant A as indicated by the dashed line indicated by 74b.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view showing the vehicle 1 entering a left curve.
- the shape of the road described here is a left curve, and the vehicle 1 enters the left curve shape road.
- the driving action executed here is a left turn. Behavior examples described in FIGS. 16 to 18 will be described taking the case of passing through the left curve shown in FIG. 15 as an example.
- the road shown in FIG. 15 has a first section (A to A) with a curvature of 0 (straight line), a second section (A to B) in which the curvature gradually increases (curvature increases monotonically: lateral acceleration increases), and a constant curvature.
- FIG. 16 shows an example of the behavior of the vehicle 1 and the change over time of the occupant's head roll angle 74 when the target value 22 is generated so that the left curve as shown in FIG. 15 is passed at a constant speed.
- FIG. 16 shows, in order from the top, changes in the velocity 71 of the vehicle 1, the lateral acceleration 72, the roll angle 73, and the roll angle 74 of the occupant's head. is.
- the dashed-dotted lines respectively correspond to the positions of sections A to D shown in FIG.
- the speed 71 shows the case of passing at a constant speed, so it always changes at a constant value.
- the lateral acceleration 72 generated in the vehicle 1 increases as the curvature gradually increases in the second section (A to B), and the curvature is constant (steady turning) in the third section ( B to C), it changes at a constant value, and gradually decreases in the fourth section (C to D) where the curvature gradually decreases.
- the roll angle 73 also transitions in substantially the same manner as the lateral acceleration 72 .
- the lateral acceleration 72 is defined as positive when the vehicle 1 moves leftward with respect to the traveling direction, that is, when the vehicle 1 turns leftward, and the roll angle 73 calculated at this time is also positive ( clockwise with respect to the direction of travel), that is, roll to the outside (right side) of the turn.
- FIG. 1 An example of transition of the occupant's head roll angle 74 is shown at the bottom of FIG.
- the head of the occupant 52 perceives lateral inertial acceleration.
- a head roll angle 74 is generated by swinging to the turning outer side due to inertia.
- the swinging of the head differs depending on the occupant, or even for the same occupant, depending on the task during the ride. That is, the head roll angle of occupant A, whose head is less likely to swing, transitions as indicated by 74a, and the head roll angle of occupant B, whose head tends to swing, transitions as indicated by 74b.
- MSI which is one of the motion sickness susceptibility index 27
- the latter occupant B is likely to develop motion sickness.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of changing the speed 71 as the vehicle motion 26.
- FIG. From the top the velocity 71 of the vehicle 1, the lateral acceleration 72, and the occupant's head roll angle 74 are shown.
- the dashed-dotted lines respectively correspond to the positions of sections A to D shown in FIG.
- the behavior of the occupant A whose head is difficult to swing that is, the behavior of the velocity 71a, the lateral acceleration 72a, and the occupant's head roll angle 74a are the same as in FIG.
- the head roll angle becomes a value such as 74b that is higher than that of 74a. Accordingly, the vehicle motion generator 25 generates vehicle motion 26 that reduces the velocity as 71b.
- a longitudinal acceleration (not shown) that sufficiently decelerates before approaching a curve is generated as the vehicle motion 26 .
- the lateral acceleration during curve passage is reduced like 72b, and the head roll angle 74b becomes 74'b, which is equivalent to 74a. That is, for passenger B, who is highly susceptible to motion sickness, by reducing the speed when passing through a curve, the resulting shaking of the head is suppressed, thereby suppressing the onset of motion sickness.
- FIG. 18 shows an example in which longitudinal acceleration proportional to the change in lateral acceleration over time is generated as vehicle motion 26 to reduce occupant B's head shaking. From top to bottom, the velocity 71 of the vehicle 1, the lateral acceleration 72, the longitudinal acceleration 77, and the occupant's head roll angle 74 are shown. The dashed-dotted lines respectively correspond to the positions of sections A to D shown in FIG. The changes in velocity 71a, lateral acceleration 72a, and occupant's head roll angle 74a for occupant A, whose head is less likely to swing, are the same as in FIG. Also, the longitudinal acceleration 77a with respect to the subject A is always 0 as in FIG.
- the speed changes as shown in 71b'. That is, the speed is reduced in the section A to B during transition curve travel, the speed is maintained at one boat in the section B to C where the curvature is constant, and the speed is increased in section C to D during transition curve travel.
- the passing speed of 71b' increases in the curve section (B to C section) compared to 71b, and as a result, the lateral acceleration becomes 72b' which is higher than that of 72b.
- the longitudinal acceleration in the deceleration direction is generated in proportion to the increase in the lateral acceleration 72b' in the section A to B, and the acceleration in proportion to the decrease in the lateral acceleration 72b' in the section C to D.
- directional longitudinal acceleration is occurring.
- the head roll angle 74b' becomes equal to that of 74b, although the curve passing speed is high.
- the vehicle motion generator 25 may be configured to generate the pitch angle as the vehicle motion 26 .
- the vehicle control device 2 of the present embodiment by generating the vehicle motion 26 focusing on the relationship between the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction, the vehicle speed when passing a curve is reduced compared to the conventional technology. It suppresses the onset rate of motion sickness of the occupants while maintaining the convenience of speedy delivery to the destination.
- By having different head shake models 28 for different occupants it is possible to provide a vehicle controller that accommodates individual differences in occupant susceptibility to motion sickness and generates vehicle motion target values that effectively reduce motion sickness. becomes.
- the description of the first embodiment is based on the premise that automatic driving is performed, and that the change in momentum (target value generation) on the route to the destination is known in advance. is intended to predict the head sway at the future point in time, the realization of FIG. 4 can also correspond to the present point in time. It is also possible to calculate the head sway given to the occupant by the change in momentum at the current time and reflect it in the control at the current time.
- FIG. 19 A vehicle control device and a vehicle integrated control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 to 22.
- FIG. 19 A vehicle control device and a vehicle integrated control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 to 22.
- FIG. 19 A vehicle control device and a vehicle integrated control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 to 22.
- the head shaking prediction model 28 is provided inside the vehicle control device 2, and the parameters stored therein differ depending on the occupant.
- the head shaking prediction model 28 may be configured to identify parameters for each passenger.
- FIG. 19 is a functional block diagram of the vehicle control device 2 of the second embodiment.
- the vehicle control device 2 of this embodiment comprises at least a target value generating section 21, an occupant characteristic acquiring section 23, a vehicle motion generating section 25, and a head shaking prediction model 28, as shown in FIG. Since the target value generator 21 is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the occupant characteristic acquisition unit 23 acquires occupant characteristics 24 (occupant's riding posture, head posture, etc.) as described in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
- occupant characteristics 24 occupant's riding posture, head posture, etc.
- a camera is installed as the passenger characteristic acquisition unit 23 in the vehicle interior of the vehicle 1, and the movement of the passenger's head is measured to measure the susceptibility to motion sickness (motion sickness). ).
- a mechanism may be provided for acquiring information related to the susceptibility to motion sickness (motion sickness) of the occupant during the ride from the portable terminal owned by the occupant.
- An example of the occupant characteristics 24 is the momentum of the head of the occupant 52 riding in the vehicle 1 in up to six axes.
- at least one of the roll angle and pitch angle of the head needs to be acquired.
- an acquisition method for example, as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b, an image of the head of the occupant 52 is taken from the image of the camera mounted in the vehicle interior, and the roll angle and pitch angle are recognized from the image. is. If the occupant 52 actively moves his or her head, the amount of motion is excluded and the head motion caused by the vehicle motion is extracted.
- the vehicle motion generation unit 25 corrects the target values 22 of the input types, generates target values of the types that were not input, and determines the motion and posture of the vehicle with a maximum of six degrees of freedom (back and forth, left and right, up and down, roll, roll, and so on). It outputs vehicle motion 26, which is pitch and yaw. It is the same as the first embodiment in that the vehicle motion 26 for reducing the occupant's head swing is generated.
- the vehicle motion generator 25 of the present embodiment has a role of generating a vehicle motion 26' for a head shake prediction model 28, which will be described later, to learn the occupant's head shake feature.
- the head swing prediction model 28 receives the provisional or final vehicle motion 26' from the vehicle motion generator 25, and predicts the head swing (occupant's head position) that may occur due to the vehicle motion 26' of the occupant while riding. It has a physics model that calculates predictive values of 6-axis momentum and attitude angle) into the future. Although its function is the same as that of the first embodiment, the head shaking prediction model 28 of this embodiment additionally uses the occupant characteristics 24 acquired by the occupant characteristics acquisition unit 23 and the vehicle motion 26' to It has a function to adapt the parameters of the head swing model to the current occupant.
- the head-swing prediction model 28 uses a maximum of 6-axis vehicle motion (front-rear, left-right, up-down acceleration, and roll, pitch, and yaw rate detection values) obtained from the combine sensor 4. It may also be used as vehicle motion 26'.
- a combined sensor 4 mounted on a general vehicle 1 generally acquires a total of three axes of front-rear and left-right acceleration and yaw rate. In this case, the roll and pitch rates or angles may be estimated by acquiring the vehicle motion and speed 71 on these three axes and the steering angle from the steering mechanism 14 .
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing the processing of the vehicle control device 2 of this embodiment.
- this processing at each calculation step, it is determined whether or not the parameters of the head swing model have been identified for the occupant 52 riding in the vehicle 1. If the identification is not completed, the general If the identification is completed, the identified coefficient is used to predict the occupant's head swing.
- step S ⁇ b>101 the occupant characteristic acquisition unit 23 identifies the individual occupant 52 . For example, it is determined whether or not the crew member 52 has boarded the vehicle 1 in the past based on the camera image.
- step S102 the head shaking prediction model 28 determines whether or not the head shaking model has been learned for the passenger 52 concerned. That is, it is determined whether or not the spring coefficient and damper coefficient of the occupant 52 are stored in the head swing prediction model 28 .
- the head shaking prediction model 28 acquires the vehicle motion 26' in step S103. Furthermore, in step S ⁇ b>104 , the occupant characteristic acquisition unit 23 acquires the head swing of the occupant 52 . Then, in step S105, the head sway prediction model 28 identifies head sway model parameters of the occupant 52 based on the acquired vehicle motion 26' and the occupant 52 head sway. After that, in step S106, it is determined whether or not the identification is completed.
- the identification requires time-series information of the vehicle motion and the occupant's 52 head swing for a predetermined period of time. Therefore, the main determination criterion is whether or not a predetermined time has passed since the start of learning.
- step S107 the head sway prediction model 28 estimates the head sway of the occupant 52 using a general spring coefficient and damper coefficient of the human body. anticipate movement.
- the vehicle motion generator 25 generates a special vehicle motion 26' required for learning as required. The details will be described later.
- step S108 identification The head swing of the occupant 52 is predicted using the calculated spring coefficient and damper coefficient.
- step S109 the vehicle motion generator 25 calculates the vehicle motion 26 based on the identified head shaking model parameters of the occupant 52.
- FIG. 21 shows the vehicle motion 26' generated by the vehicle motion generation unit 25, the behavior of the vehicle 1, and the head of the occupant when it is assumed that the left curve shown in FIG. 15 is passed at a constant speed.
- An example of time change of the roll angle 74 is shown.
- FIG. 21 shows changes in lateral acceleration 72, lateral jerk 76, longitudinal acceleration 77 (vehicle motion 26'), and occupant's head roll angle 74 of the vehicle 1 in order from the top. The distance moved from the previous position.
- the dashed-dotted lines respectively correspond to the positions of sections A to D shown in FIG.
- the transition of the lateral acceleration 72 is the same as in FIG.
- the lateral jerk which is the time differential of the lateral acceleration 72
- the vehicle motion generator 25 If the head shaking prediction model 28 has not yet been learned, the vehicle motion generator 25 generates the longitudinal acceleration 77 shown in FIG. 21 as the vehicle motion 26'.
- This is the longitudinal acceleration proportional to the absolute value of the lateral jerk 76, similar to the GVC vehicle motion characteristics described in FIG.
- a feature of the present invention is that the GVC gain 66, which is a proportional coefficient, is set to an optimum value suitable for the occupants.
- the initial value is set to the GVC gain 66 suitable for the passenger most likely to experience head shaking.
- the options are to set the GVC gain 66 to an average value or a maximum value to suit each occupant. It is generally desirable to set the GVC gain 66 high in order to train the head shake model more effectively.
- the GVC gain 66 is set to the initial value. will continue to be set.
- the head swing prediction model 28 identifies physical parameters. Specifically, the parameters of K, C, and L shown in Equation 2 and the characteristics of changes in K, C, and L due to the longitudinal acceleration shown in FIG. 12 are identified. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the smaller the amplitude of the head roll angle 74 with respect to the lateral acceleration 72, the more easily the parameter is identified as a larger value. Also, for an occupant whose head roll angle 74 amplitude decreases as the GVC gain 66 increases, the characteristics of changes in K, C, and L due to longitudinal acceleration are likely to be identified as upward-sloping characteristics.
- FIG. 22 shows the vehicle motion 26 generated by the vehicle motion generator 25, the behavior of the vehicle 1, and the head of the occupant when lane changes as shown in FIG. 7 occur repeatedly on a straight road such as an expressway.
- An example of temporal change of the partial roll angle 74 is shown.
- FIG. 22 shows transitions of lateral acceleration 72, longitudinal acceleration 77 (vehicle motion 26), occupant's head roll angle 74, and GVC gain 66 of the vehicle 1 in order from the top. 28 is the elapsed distance from the start of learning for the occupant on board.
- lane changes occur repeatedly, and for convenience of explanation, each time a lane change occurs, it is labeled A to G in order from the left.
- the amplitude and period of the lateral acceleration 72 are assumed to be the same each time the lane is changed. Note that it is assumed that a long period of time will pass between lane changes D and E, and it is assumed that multiple lane changes will occur during this time.
- multiple lane changes may also occur between each code, in which case each time transition between codes repeats the same transition as the time transition of the code located to the left of it, or the time transition between both codes Time transition to complement the change.
- the head sway prediction model 28 has just started learning, and the GVC gain 66 in the vehicle motion generator 25 is set as the initial value to the maximum value of the gain that can be adapted to each passenger. do.
- the longitudinal acceleration becomes maximum in the negative direction with respect to the amplitude of the lateral acceleration 72 .
- 74 head roll angles of the occupant occur at the same time.
- the vehicle motion generator 25 reduces the GVC gain 66 by one step for learning of the head shake prediction model 28 .
- the magnitude of the longitudinal acceleration in the negative direction also decreases by one step.
- the head sway prediction model 28 identifies each of the parameters K, C, and L, and The characteristics of changes in K, C, and L are identified as characteristics that are close to horizontal (rather rising to the right).
- the GVC gain 66 is further decreased by one step, and longitudinal acceleration is less likely to occur. Thereafter, this GVC gain 66 is maintained for a predetermined period of time as a parameter suitable for the passenger.
- the head shaking prediction model 28 may be configured to perform a re-learning process after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.
- the GVC gain 66 in the vehicle motion generator 25 is again set to the maximum value that can be adapted to each passenger as an initial value.
- the longitudinal acceleration 77 becomes maximum in the negative direction with respect to the amplitude of the lateral acceleration 72 .
- 74 head roll angles of the occupant occur at the same time.
- the vehicle motion generator 25 reduces the GVC gain 66 by one step for learning of the head shake prediction model 28 .
- the magnitude of the longitudinal acceleration in the negative direction also decreases by one step.
- the head sway prediction model 28 outputs K, C, Each parameter of L is identified, and the characteristics of changes in K, C, and L due to longitudinal acceleration are identified as upward-sloping characteristics.
- the GVC gain 66 increases again in lane change G after learning is completed, and longitudinal acceleration is actively generated.
- this GVC gain 66 is maintained for a predetermined period of time as a parameter suitable for the passenger.
- specific vehicle motions required for learning are generated, and the lateral acceleration 72, longitudinal acceleration 77, and the occupant's head at that time are generated.
- the head shaking prediction model 28 can learn the head shaking feature of the passenger.
- the vehicle control device 2 of the present embodiment how the heads of an unspecified number of occupants 52 will be swayed is predicted, including individual differences, and the vehicle motion is changed. By doing so, motion sickness of the crew member 52 can be reduced more effectively.
- the vehicle control device 2 outputs the vehicle motion 26 and determines the operation amounts of the actuators 12 to 15 or lower controllers based on the vehicle motion 26.
- the driver 53 manually applies a vehicle motion equivalent to the vehicle motion 26 described in the first and second embodiments.
- the configuration may be such that it is supported so as to be realized by an operation.
- FIG. 23 is a functional block diagram of the vehicle control device 2 of the third embodiment.
- the vehicle control device 3 of this embodiment comprises at least a target value generator 21, an information presentation generator 81, and a head shaking model 28, as shown in FIG. Since the target value generation unit 21 and the head shaking model 28 are the same as those in the first and second embodiments, their description is omitted.
- the information presentation generation unit 81 presents information that prompts the driver to generate vehicle motion that takes into consideration the improvement of ride comfort and the reduction of motion sickness. Similar to Embodiments 1 and 2, a vehicle motion target that optimizes the motion sickness susceptibility index 27 is generated based on the occupant's head sway feature 29 calculated by the head sway prediction model 28. Present information to the driver to encourage street driving behavior.
- FIG. 24a is a schematic diagram showing how the driver 53 depresses the accelerator pedal 16 to control the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle 1, assuming that the vehicle 1 is a manually operated automobile.
- a method of presenting information is to actively generate a reaction force (a force that resists the driver's stepping force) on the accelerator pedal 16 .
- Fig. 24b shows an example of behavior. This figure shows the case where the left curve shown in FIG. 15 is run with the same vehicle behavior as in FIG.
- the behavior of lateral acceleration 72 is the same as in FIG.
- plotting the force resisting the driver's stepping force in the positive direction using the time transition of the reaction force on the accelerator pedal 16 as the information presentation 83 results in the lower diagram of FIG. 24b. That is, similarly to GVC, a reaction force is generated in the positive direction between points A and B while traveling on a relaxation curve. This encourages the driver to release the accelerator, and promotes the generation of longitudinal acceleration due to engine braking. Conversely, between point C and point D, the reaction force is reduced (generated in the negative direction) to promote the generation of longitudinal acceleration.
- urging the driver to accelerate may involve risks depending on road conditions, so this information may be presented only on the deceleration side (between point A and point B).
- reaction force to the accelerator pedal 16 is changed.
- the reaction force to the brake pedal may be changed.
- the vehicle control device 2 of the present embodiment even in a vehicle that is manually operated and lacks actuators capable of receiving control commands, the vehicle motion that exhibits the effects described in the first and second embodiments can be achieved. It is possible to assist the driver to generate it.
- examples 1 to 3 have been described for the case where one passenger is on board. While realizing the vehicle motion, it is necessary to generate the vehicle motion so as not to cause motion sickness in others. For example, when occupant A and occupant B shown in FIG. 12 are on board at the same time (situation as shown in FIG. 3a), occupant A may have a reduced head roll stiffness (spring constant K) due to longitudinal acceleration. Therefore, one example is to determine the GVC gain so that the head swings (amplitudes of roll angles) of both persons are substantially the same as a result of vehicle motion.
- examples 1 to 3 have been described in which the occupant rides forward, but there may be cases where the occupant rides backward or sideways as shown in FIG. 3a. Especially when the occupant is facing sideways, there may be a relationship between the forward and backward (pitch) direction head swing for the occupant and the lateral (roll) direction motion of the vehicle.
- the present invention is not only useful for the relationship between occupant lateral head swing and longitudinal vehicle motion, but also for other combinations such as occupant longitudinal head swing and lateral vehicle motion. is also valid.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the described configurations.
- it is possible to replace part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
前記物理モデルのパラメータは乗員によって異なるため、頭部揺動予測モデル28は前記パラメータを記憶する役割を有する。そして、車両運動26´により発生しうる頭部揺動の予測値、もしくは記憶した前記パラメータを、頭部揺動特徴29として車両運動生成部25に送信することにより、車両運動生成部25が最終的な車両運動26を生成するための基準となる情報を提供する。
[数1]
MX´´=MAx-KX-Cx´ (1)
図7を用いて、パラメータ(K、C)の違いによる挙動差の例を説明する。図7上段には、車量の車線変更の様子を、中段にはその時の横加速度の変動を、下段にはその時の乗員の頭部ロール角をそれぞれ示している。
[数2]
MX´´=MAx-KX-CX´-LAx (2)
図8から図11を用いて、頭部揺動予測モデル28おけるロール方向とピッチ方向の関連性を説明する。図8は、良好な操舵特性や乗り心地を実現する車両運動として提案されているG-Vectoring制御(GVC)の車両運動の特徴を示す模式図である。上から、横加速度72、横加速度の時間微分である横加加速度76、前後加速度77を表す。本図では左カーブ進入時に発生する車両運動を想定している。
一方、前後加速度の大きさが0より大きい場合に、バネ係数65bが右肩上がりで上昇し、ある点で乗員Aを超える特性が設定されている。これは、操舵時に前後加速度を与えることにより、乗員Aよりもむしろ頭部揺動が低減されうる、つまり動揺病の発症しやすさが抑圧されうることを示唆している。
その機能は実施例1と同様であるが、本実施例の頭部揺動予測モデル28は、それに加えて、乗員特性取得部23により取得された乗員特性24と車両運動26´を用いて、頭部揺動モデルのパラメータを現在乗車中の乗員に適合する機能を有する。
このように、頭部揺動の特徴がまだ不確定な乗員が新たに乗車した際に、学習に必要な特定の車両運動を発生させ、その時の横加速度72、前後加速度77および乗員の頭部ロール角74の関係から、頭部揺動予測モデル28は当該乗員の頭部揺動特徴を学習可能である。
例えば、上記した実施例は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、ある実施例の構成の一部を他の実施例の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施例の構成に他の実施例の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施例の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。
Claims (16)
- 第1の方向の車両運動に起因する乗員の前記第1の方向の頭部揺動に対して、前記第1の方向とは異なる第2の方向の車両運動が、前記乗員の前記第1の方向の頭部揺動に与える変化を求める頭部揺動予測モデルと、前記頭部揺動予測モデルに基づき車両運動を生成する車両運動生成部と、を備えることを特徴とする車両制御装置。
- 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記頭部揺動予測モデルは、前後またはピッチ方向の車両運動が発生した際に、前記頭部揺動のうち左右またはロール方向の揺動減少を求めることを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記車両運動生成部は、車両の横加速度発生時に、前後方向の車両運動を発生させることを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記頭部揺動予測モデルに、前記車両運動に対応した乗員ごとの頭部揺動の特性を学習する頭部揺動特性学習部を備えることを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項4に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記頭部揺動特性学習部は、予め定められた所定の車両運動を発生させた際に取得される頭部姿勢に基づいて、乗員の頭部揺動の特性を学習することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項5に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記車両運動生成部は、前記頭部揺動特性学習部における前記所定の車両運動として、車両の前後方向及びピッチ方向の少なくとも一方と、ロール方向とを組み合わせた車両運動を生成することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項4に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記頭部揺動特性学習部は、乗員が採り得る乗車姿勢のパターンごとに区別して、前記車両運動に対応した乗員の頭部揺動の特性を学習することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項4に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記頭部揺動特性学習部は、学習前は予め定められたパラメータを設定し、学習により予め定められたパラメータを乗員ごとに修正することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項8に記載の車両制御装置であって、
予め定められたパラメータとして大きいパラメータ値を設定し、学習によって前記大きいパラメータ値を小さい方向に修正することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項9に記載の車両制御装置であって、
予め定められたパラメータとして記大きいパラメータ値を設定し、学習によって前記大きいパラメータ値を小さい方向に修正して学習を完了した後、前記修正されたパラメータ値を再度大きい方向に修正することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項8に記載の車両制御装置であって、
予め定められたパラメータとして、統計的に得られるパラメータの平均値を設定することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項8に記載の車両制御装置であって、
予め定められたパラメータを修正して学習を完了し、修正されたパラメータに基づいて所定時間経過走行した後、前記修正されたパラメータを再度修正することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記第2の方向の車両運動をドライバに促す表示装置(操作装置への反力生成手段)を備えることを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置であって、
複数の乗員がいる場合には、乗員ごとに予測した頭部運動の最大発生量が最小となる車両運動にすることを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 第1の方向の車両運動に起因する乗員の前記第1の方向の頭部揺動に対して、前記第1の方向とは異なる第2の方向の車両運動が、前記乗員の前記第1の方向の頭部揺動に与える変化を求めて、前記第2の方向の車両運動を抑制するように車両制御することを特徴とする車両制御方法。
- 左右方向の車両運動に起因する乗員の前記左右方向の頭部揺動に対して、前後方向の車両運動が、前記乗員の前記左右方向の頭部揺動に与える変化を求めて、前記前後方向の車両運動を抑制するように車両制御することを特徴とする車両制御方法。
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JP2019119342A (ja) * | 2018-01-04 | 2019-07-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 車両用制御装置 |
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