WO2023152701A1 - Piston à double effet multitempérature - Google Patents
Piston à double effet multitempérature Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023152701A1 WO2023152701A1 PCT/IB2023/051213 IB2023051213W WO2023152701A1 WO 2023152701 A1 WO2023152701 A1 WO 2023152701A1 IB 2023051213 W IB2023051213 W IB 2023051213W WO 2023152701 A1 WO2023152701 A1 WO 2023152701A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- cap
- ring
- temperature double
- cooling
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 105
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
- F01K7/025—Consecutive expansion in a turbine or a positive displacement engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
- F01B11/001—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by one double acting piston motor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/053—Component parts or details
- F02G1/0535—Seals or sealing arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multi-temperature double-acting piston, said piston being particularly suitable for reciprocating engines implementing the regenerative Brayton thermodynamic cycle with pistons rather than with centrifugal compressors and turbines.
- Regenerative Brayton cycle engines generally comprise separate organs dedicated to each of the phases of said cycle, said phases taking place continuously and simultaneously in said organs, unlike reciprocating internal combustion engines using the Beau de Rochas cycle, Miller, Atkinson or Diesel whose phases are carried out successively in one and the same cylinder.
- regenerative Brayton cycle engines comprise at least one compressor, at least one regenerative exchanger, at least one burner operating continuously or an internal or external heat source, and at least one expansion valve,
- the temperature of the internal walls of the compressor of a regenerative Brayton cycle engine can be kept as low as possible, which helps to minimize the work of compression and to maximize the total thermodynamic efficiency of said engine.
- either said engine is made up of centrifugal compressors and high-temperature resistant turbines, but in this case, the modest efficiency of these components does not allow it to exceed a total efficiency equivalent to that of an automobile diesel, or it is made up of a volumetric piston pressure reducer which, to be sealed, requires a piston provided with a segmentation sliding on a film of oil formed on the surface of a cylinder, the latter in front for this to remain at a temperature not exceeding approximately one hundred and twenty degrees Celsius, which also does not allow the total efficiency of said motor to be competitive.
- the thermal transfer-expansion and regeneration engine according to patent WO2016120560 published on August 4, 2016 and belonging to the applicant comprises non-contact piston sealing means consisting of a continuous inflatable perforated ring which, when subjected to a certain internal pressure, swells and comes within a few micrometers of the regulator cylinder with which it cooperates without touching said cylinder, this while allowing compressed air to leak via calibrated orifices which cross right through in its radial thickness.
- thermodynamic efficiency of a Brayton cycle engine with volumetric regeneration with pistons can reach or even exceed seventy percent, which in practice can lead to the production of engines whose the energy efficiency at the brake exceeds sixty percent after deducting the inevitable thermal and mechanical irreversibility due to the very constitution of said motors.
- the regenerative cooling system according to patent No. EP 3585993 provides a cooling enclosure which envelops the expander while a gas circulation space is left between said enclosure and said expander in which the gases flowing out of the expander itself -even at a temperature between five hundred and six hundred degrees Celsius.
- the fluid cushion sealing device of patent No. FR 3032252 can be used with a continuous perforated ring, for example made of “Udimet 720” superalloy.
- the cylinder and cylinder heads of the regenerative Brayton cycle piston reciprocating engine must be made of materials with a high nickel content such as "Niresist” cast iron which, because of the high volatility and high price of nickel represents an economic disadvantage.
- the temperature of the regulator remains at least six hundred degrees Celsius higher than that of the rest of the engine and in particular, of the mobile coupling and of the transmission casing in which said said coupling.
- the differential expansions which result from this temperature difference can in particular be managed by the double-acting expander cylinder with adaptive support, the subject of patent No. EP3350433 issued on August 7, 2019 and belonging to the applicant.
- Said support allows an isotropic or anisotropic expansion of the expansion cylinder which is very different from that of the transmission casing on which it is fixed, this without compromising either the operation of said cylinder or that of the piston which evolves in said cylinder.
- Said support also keeps the piston centered in the cylinder, transmits the axial forces resulting from the expansion of the gases to the transmission casing, and limits heat transfer from the expander cylinder to said casing.
- the fluid cushion sealing device must be supplied with compressed air by a compressor which consumes part of the work available on the shaft of the regenerative Brayton cycle piston reciprocating engine, to the detriment of the its total return.
- said cooling system makes the path of the gases expelled from the expander tortuous and induces pressure drops which reduce the total efficiency of the reciprocating engine with regenerative Brayton cycle piston.
- the reciprocating heat engine with hot cylinder head and cold cylinder according to the invention is, among other things, intended to produce reciprocating Brayton cycle piston engines at regeneration whose mainly hot expansion valve limits heat losses, and this, while ensuring a robust and durable seal between the piston and the cylinder of said expansion valve.
- Whose sealing with the cylinder with which it cooperates can be achieved by means of cast iron or steel segments such as those included in conventional internal combustion engines with spark ignition or Diesel cycle;
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention makes it possible to prevent the engine that houses it from being manufactured with materials with a high nickel content such as "Niresist" cast iron, the cylinder of said engine which can be made of cast iron at low cost such as that ordinarily used to make the cylinder casings of automobile diesel engines, and said engine which can comprise hot cylinder heads operating at high temperature made of silicon carbide, a high-strength material high temperature mechanics, plentiful and cheap.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston capable of translating in a cold cylinder arranged in a cooled cylinder block that includes a heat engine, said piston being directly or indirectly connected by power transmission means housed in a transmission casing to at least at least one rotating or reciprocating power output shaft while said piston forms a lower variable volume chamber with the cold cylinder and a lower cylinder head which is positioned between said piston and the transmission housing, said piston simultaneously forming a variable volume chamber upper with said cylinder and an upper cylinder head, said chambers, containing a working gas, comprise
- a central piston pin approximately coaxial with the cold cylinder and of which a first end forms a lower piston rod which passes right through the lower cylinder head via a lower rod orifice which cooperates with lower rod sealing means to open in the transmission casing and to be directly or indirectly connected to the power transmission means by piston fixing means, while the second end of said pin forms an upper piston rod which passes right through the upper cylinder head via an upper rod orifice which cooperates with upper rod sealing means to open into a piston cooling and lubrication chamber connected to a source of lubricant-coolant fluid, the latter introducing a lubricant-coolant fluid into said chamber;
- a peripheral sealing ring whose outer diameter is substantially smaller than the inner diameter of the cold cylinder, said ring comprising piston sealing means which are in contact with said cylinder to achieve a seal with the latter;
- a lower radial connection disc which radially connects the central piston pin with the peripheral sealing ring on the side of the lower variable volume chamber
- an upper radial connection disc which radially connects the central piston pin with the peripheral sealing ring on the side of the upper variable volume chamber, the space left between said discs, the peripheral sealing ring and the central piston pin forming an internal volume of the piston
- a lubrication-cooling gallery arranged mainly axially in the central piston pin and in one or more sections, said gallery communicating on the one hand, the piston cooling and lubrication chamber with the internal piston volume, and on the other hand, said volume with the interior of the transmission casing;
- At least one peripheral ring lubrication orifice which places the internal volume of the piston in communication with the outer peripheral face of the peripheral sealing ring, said orifice emerging axially from said face between at least two sealing means of plunger;
- Guide means which bear directly or indirectly on or close to the power transmission means and/or the cold cylinder and/or the lower cylinder head and/or the upper cylinder head, said means directly or indirectly retaining the peripheral sealing ring centered in the cold cylinder;
- Cap pressing means which directly or indirectly hold the lower hot dome pressed against the peripheral sealing ring and/or on the lower radial connection disc, and/or which directly or indirectly hold the upper hot dome pressed against said ring and/or on the upper radial connection disc, said means leaving said caps free to expand relative to said ring and/or said discs;
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises a lower hot cap and/or an upper hot cap which are wholly or partly made of a material resistant to high temperatures.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises a material resistant to high temperatures which is mainly made of silicon carbide.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises thermal insulation means and/or cap sealing means which are interposed either between the lower hot cap and the peripheral sealing ring and/or or the lower radial connection disk, either between the upper hot cap and said ring and/or the upper radial connection disk, or both.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises thermal insulation means and/or cap sealing means which are interposed either between the lower hot cap and the central piston pin, or between the upper hot cap and said pin, or both.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises thermal insulation means which consist of at least one insulating ring made of a material with low thermal conductivity.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises a material with low thermal conductivity which consists mainly of zirconium oxide.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises an insulating ring which is held directly or indirectly in contact with the central piston pin and/or the peripheral sealing ring and/or the lower hot cap and/ or the lower radial connection disc and/or the upper hot cap and/or the upper radial connection disc via at least one small surface contact edge.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises an insulating ring which is held directly or indirectly in contact with the central piston pin and/or the peripheral sealing ring and/or the cap lower hot plate and/or the lower radial connection disk and/or the upper hot cap and/or the upper radial connection disk via at least one insulating ring seal which is gastight from work.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises cap pressing means which directly or indirectly hold the lower hot cap pressed against the peripheral sealing ring and/or on the lower radial connecting disc, which are formed of an outer coaxial lower spindle tube which envelops the central piston spindle, said tube bearing on the one hand, on the lower hot cap in the vicinity of said spindle, and on the other hand, on the transmission means power.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises cap pressing means which directly or indirectly hold the upper hot cap pressed against the peripheral sealing ring and/or on the upper radial connecting disc, which are formed of an outer coaxial upper pin tube which envelops the central piston pin, said tube bearing on the one hand, on the upper hot cap in the vicinity of said pin, and on the other hand, on a rod stop upper arranged directly or indirectly on the upper piston rod in the vicinity of its end which opens into the piston cooling and lubrication chamber.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises some or all of the ends of an outer coaxial pin lower tube and/or an outer coaxial upper pin tube which receive a tube spring via of which said tubes bear respectively on the lower hot cap and on the power transmission means and/or on the upper hot cap and on the upper rod stop.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises a lower hot cap and/or an upper hot cap which has a concave conical cap surface by means of which said cap is held flat by the pressing means of cap on a circular peripheral contact edge which is directly or indirectly attached to the peripheral sealing ring and/or to the periphery of the connecting disc lower radial and/or of the periphery of the upper radial connecting disc, the angle of the concave cone formed by said surface being such that when said surface slides on said edge due to the difference between the thermal expansion of said cap and that of the assembly formed by the peripheral sealing ring, the lower radial connection disk, the upper radial connection disk and the central piston pin, the axial distance which separates the bearing point from the cap plating means on said cap of the peripheral sealing ring remains approximately constant all other things being equal, while the concave conical surface of the cap and the circular peripheral contact edge form the cap centering means.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises piston fixing means which consist of a double-acting piston axial screw which firstly comprises a piston screw body which is housed in a piston screw tunnel which crosses right through the central piston pin in the direction of its length, said screw comprising on the one hand, a piston screw head which bears at the end of the upper piston rod which opens into the piston cooling and lubrication chamber, and on the other hand, a piston screw thread which is screwed into the power transmission means.
- piston fixing means consist of a double-acting piston axial screw which firstly comprises a piston screw body which is housed in a piston screw tunnel which crosses right through the central piston pin in the direction of its length, said screw comprising on the one hand, a piston screw head which bears at the end of the upper piston rod which opens into the piston cooling and lubrication chamber, and on the other hand, a piston screw thread which is screwed into the power transmission means.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises a piston screw tunnel which forms at least part of the lubrication-cooling gallery, the lubricating-cooling fluid being able to circulate between the piston screw body and the internal wall of said tunnel, the latter forming with said body a first section which goes from the piston cooling and lubrication chamber to the internal piston volume, and a second section which goes from said volume inside the transmission casing.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises guide means which consist of a barrel-shaped skirt which is arranged on the outer periphery of the peripheral sealing ring and which rests on the cold cylinder.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises a lubrication-cooling gallery which opens into the internal volume of piston via a small axial play left between, on the one hand, a fluid distribution disc which is housed in said volume and, on the other hand, the upper radial connection disc, said distribution disc being approximately parallel to said radial connection disc and forming on the one hand, a seal with the central pin of the piston, and ending on the other hand, radially in the vicinity of the internal wall of the peripheral sealing ring, the cooling-lubricating fluid coming from the chamber piston cooling and lubrication that can exit at said vicinity.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises a central piston pin which comprises, inside the internal volume of the piston and in the vicinity of the lower radial connecting disc, a fluid recirculation collar which, when the central piston pin moves in the direction of the lower cylinder head, rejects radially and in the direction of the inner wall of the peripheral sealing ring the lubricant-cooling fluid which has accumulated in said volume and on the surface of said disk.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises a lower radial connection disc which has a hollow shape at its connection with the central piston pin, said shape constituting an overflow reservoir which can store lubricating-cooling fluid, while at least one overflow orifice which communicates with the interior of the transmission casing via the lubrication-cooling gallery fixes the maximum level of said reservoir.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises a fluid nozzle fed by the source of lubricant-coolant fluid which opens into the piston cooling and lubrication chamber to inject a jet of fluid therein.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises a fluid nozzle which injects a jet of lubricating-cooling fluid into an axial screw reservoir which is arranged axially in the piston screw head, said reservoir communicating with the lubrication-cooling gallery via at least one radial duct connecting tank-gallery.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises a screw check valve which is housed in the axial screw of the double-acting piston, said valve allowing the lubricant-cooling fluid to flow from the axial screw reservoir to the lubrication-cooling gallery, but not the reverse.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises a piston cooling and lubrication chamber which is connected to a source of air by an air inlet check valve which lets in air from forcing fluid into said chamber without letting it out, while said chamber is connected to an air tank by a pressure relief valve which allows fluid forcing air to flow from said chamber to said tank when the pressure of said air in said chamber reaches a certain value.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises a reflective screen which is interposed between the lower hot cap and the lower radial connection disc to which part of the peripheral sealing ring and/or , between the upper hot dome and the upper radial connecting disc to which part of said ring can be added.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises thermal insulation means which consist of a cellular or fibrous insulating material which occupies all or part of the space between the lower hot cap and the lower radial connection and/or between the upper hot cap and the upper radial connection disc.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston comprises at least a first radial space left between the outer coaxial upper pin tube and the central piston pin, at least a second radial space left between the outer coaxial lower tube of pin and the piston center pin, and a plurality of radial spaces left between the piston screw body and the internal wall of the piston screw tunnel which form at least part of the lubrication-cooling gallery, the lubricating-cooling fluid being able to circulate successively in said spaces to go from the piston cooling and lubrication chamber to the internal piston volume, then from said volume inside the transmission casing.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises lower rod sealing means and/or upper rod sealing means which consist of an extendable continuous ring which is directly or indirectly integral with the housing -cooled cylinder, and whose inside diameter is substantially smaller than the outside diameter of the lower piston rod or of the upper piston rod that it encloses.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises an extensible continuous ring which is connected to a ring plate by a ring tube of small radial thickness, said ring, said plate and said ring being made in a one and the same piece of matter.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention comprises a continuous extensible ring which is axially clamped between two ring rings by an axial ring compression spring.
- FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a heat engine as it may be provided to receive the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention, said engine forming an expansion valve which makes it possible, for example, to implement a thermodynamic cycle of Regenerative baritone.
- FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention, housed in the heat engine shown in FIG. 1, said engine also being represented in three-dimensional cross-section.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention, housed in the heat engine shown in FIG. 1, said engine also being shown in section.
- FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional sectional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention, said piston being connected to the power transmission means by a double-acting piston axial screw while the cap plating means consist in particular of an external coaxial lower spindle tube and an external coaxial upper spindle tube.
- FIG. 5 is an exploded three-dimensional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention and according to its particular configuration shown in figures 2 to 5.
- FIG. 6 is a close-up cross-sectional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention placed in the context of the engine shown in FIG. 1, said view showing in particular how said piston is connected to the power transmission means, and how the lower hot cap is held pressed against the peripheral sealing ring by an outer coaxial lower pin tube via insulating rings.
- FIG. 7 is a close-up cross-sectional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention placed in the context of the engine shown in FIG. 1, said view showing in particular how the upper piston rod opens into the cooling and lubrication chamber piston, and how the upper hot cap is held pressed against the peripheral sealing ring by an external coaxial upper pin tube via insulating rings.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 2 to 7, said view showing how a lubricating-cooling fluid can circulate from an axial screw reservoir to the interior of the transmission casing to successively cool the upper radial connection disc, the peripheral sealing ring and the lower radial connection disc, this while cooling and lubricating the piston sealing means and the barrel skirt that said ring, said means and said skirt being kept in contact with the cold cylinder.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention as shown in FIG. 8, said view showing in particular how the lubricating-cooling fluid can recirculate inside the internal volume of the piston to complete the cooling of the mechanically welded assembly formed by the peripheral sealing ring, the lower radial connection disc, the upper radial connection disc and the central piston pin, and to supply peripheral ring lubrication orifices that the peripheral sealing ring comprises.
- FIG. 10 is a close-up schematic sectional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention and according to the particular configuration of said piston as shown in FIGS. 2 to 9, said view showing the position and dimensions of the lower and upper hot caps by relative to the mechanically welded assembly and to the insulating ring when said caps are cold.
- FIG. 11 is a close-up schematic sectional view of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention and according to the particular configuration of said piston as shown in FIGS. 2 to 9, said view showing the position and dimensions of the lower and upper hot caps by relative to the mechanically welded assembly and to the insulating ring when said caps are hot.
- FIG. 12 is a three-dimensional view framed on the piston cooling and lubrication chamber of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention, said view showing in particular the air intake non-return valve and the pressure limiting valve which are both connected inside the transmission case which here acts as an air source and air cover.
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a variant of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention in which part of the lubrication-cooling gallery is formed by a radial space left between, on the one hand, the outer coaxial upper tube spindle and the lower outer coaxial spindle tube and on the other hand, the central piston spindle, while a reflective screen and a cellular or fibrous insulating material are interposed between the lower and upper hot caps and the radial connecting disc lower and upper facing said caps.
- FIG. 14 is a close-up sectional view of the upper rod sealing means of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention, said means being constituted by an extendable continuous ring connected to a ring plate by a ring tube thin radial thickness.
- FIG. 15 is a close-up sectional view of the upper rod sealing means of the multi-temperature double-acting piston according to the invention, said means being constituted by an axially extensible continuous ring sandwiched between two ring rings by a compression spring ring axial.
- Figures 1 to 12 show the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention, various details of its components, its variants, and its accessories.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 can translate in a cold cylinder 204 arranged in a cooled cylinder block 203 that includes a heat engine 202, said piston 201 being directly or indirectly connected by power transmission means 205 housed in a transmission casing 206 to at least one rotary or reciprocating power output shaft 207 .
- said piston 201 forms a lower variable volume chamber 208 with the cold cylinder 204 and a lower cylinder head 213 which is positioned between said piston 201 and the transmission housing 206, said piston 201 simultaneously forming an upper variable volume chamber 209 with said cylinder 204 and an upper cylinder head 214, said chambers 208, 209 containing a working gas 240.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 comprises a central piston pin 210 approximately coaxial with the cold cylinder 204 and of which a first end forms a lower rod piston 211 which crosses right through the lower cylinder head 213 via a lower rod orifice 215 which cooperates with lower rod sealing means 280 to open into the transmission casing 206 and to be directly or indirectly connected to the means of power transmission 205 by piston fixing means 231 .
- the second end of said pin 210 forms an upper piston rod 212 which passes right through the upper cylinder head 214 via an upper rod orifice 216 which cooperates with upper rod sealing means 281 for emerge into a cooling chamber and piston lubricator 217 connected to a source of lubricating-cooling fluid 218, the latter introducing a lubricating-cooling fluid 257 into said chamber 217.
- the lower rod sealing means 280 and the upper rod sealing means 281 can be respectively in contact with the lower piston rod 211 and with the upper piston rod 212 either directly or indirectly via an outer coaxial lower tube of spindle 243 and an outer coaxial upper spindle tube 248, respectively, as illustrated in Figures 2, 3, 6, 7, 14 and 15.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 comprises a peripheral sealing ring 220 whose outer diameter is substantially smaller than the inner diameter of the cold cylinder 204.
- peripheral sealing ring 220 comprises piston sealing means 221, for example consisting of compression rings 222 of cast iron or steel such as those ordinarily found on the pistons of automobile engines conventional, said means 221 being in contact with said cylinder 204 to achieve a seal with the latter.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 also comprises a lower radial connecting disc 224 which radially connects the central piston pin 210 with the peripheral sealing ring 220 of the side of the lower variable volume chamber 208, and an upper radial connection disc 225 which radially connects the central piston pin 210 with the peripheral sealing ring 220 on the side of the upper variable volume chamber 209, the space left between said discs 224, 225, the peripheral sealing ring 220 and the central piston pin 210 forming an internal piston volume 228.
- the lower radial connection disk 224 and/or the upper radial connection disk 225 can be a simple metal disk, a cone, a dome or a frustosphere, or be of any non-ribbed geometry or ribbed to give said discs 224, 225 great rigidity.
- the lower radial connecting disc 224 can be connected inside the internal volume of the piston 228 to the connecting disc upper radial 225 by stays, spokes, fins or by any other mechanical connection which secures said discs 224, 225 so that they constitute a rigid assembly.
- the lower radial connecting disc 224 and/or the upper radial connecting disc 225 can preferably be secured to the central piston pin 210 and/or the peripheral sealing ring 220 by welding. by friction, by electron beam or by arc welding, or not any type of welding or assembly known to those skilled in the art.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 comprises a lubrication-cooling gallery 227 which is arranged mainly axially in the central piston pin 210 and in one or more sections, said gallery 227 communicating on the one hand, the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 with the internal volume of the piston 228, and on the other hand, said volume 228 with the interior of the transmission casing 206.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 comprises at least one peripheral ring lubrication orifice 229 which places the internal volume of the piston 228 in communication with the outer peripheral face of peripheral sealing ring 220, said orifice 229 emerging axially from said face between at least two piston sealing means 221 .
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 also comprises guide means 230 particularly visible in FIG. 4, said means 230 bearing directly or indirectly on or near the power transmission means 205 and/or the cold cylinder 204 and/or of the lower cylinder head 213 and/or of the upper cylinder head 214, said means 230 directly or indirectly retaining the peripheral sealing ring 220 centered in the cold cylinder 204.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 comprises a lower hot cap 226 interposed between the lower radial connecting disc 224 and the lower variable volume chamber 208 and / or a cap upper heater 232 interposed between the upper radial connecting disc 225 and the upper variable volume chamber 209;
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 also comprises cap pressing means 234, which all appear in FIGS. 2 to 5 and in FIGS. 8 and 9, and which directly or indirectly hold the lower hot cap 226 pressed on the peripheral sealing ring 220 and/or on the lower radial connection disk 224, and/or which directly or indirectly hold the upper hot cap 232 pressed on said ring 220 and/or on the upper radial connection disk 225, said means 234 leaving said caps 226, 232 free to expand relative to said ring 220 and/or to said discs 224, 225.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 comprises cap centering means 235 - for example shown in FIG. 7 - which locate the lower hot cap 226 and/or the upper hot cap 232 with respect to the peripheral sealing ring 220.
- the lower hot cap 226 and/or the upper hot cap 232 may be wholly or partly made of a material resistant to high temperatures 275 such as silicon carbide 276 and its various variants, whether or not combined with other materials.
- thermal insulation means 233 and / or cap sealing means 239 can be interposed either between the lower hot cap 226 and the peripheral ring seal 220 and/or the lower radial connecting disc 224, either between the upper hot cap 232 and said ring 220 and/or the upper radial connecting disc 225, or both, said means 233, 239 possibly forming part integral to said caps 226, 232 and/or said discs 224, 225.
- thermal insulation means 233 and/or cap sealing means 239 can be interposed either between the lower hot cap 226 and the central piston pin 210 , either between the upper hot cap 232 and said spindle 210, or both, said means 233, 239 possibly forming an integral part of said caps 226, 232 and/or of said spindle 210.
- the thermal insulation means 233 can consist of at least one insulating ring 236 made of a low thermal conductivity material 237 such as zirconium oxide 238 and its various variants , whether or not combined with other materials, or such as quartz.
- the insulating ring 236 can also be made of quartz whose thermal conductivity is also low, and whose low modulus of elasticity gives it a great ability to adapt to the geometry of the components with which it is in contact and cooperates.
- the insulating ring 236 can be maintained directly or indirectly in contact with the central piston pin 210 and/or the peripheral sealing ring 220 and/or the lower hot cap 226 and/or the disc of lower radial connection 224 and/or the upper hot cap 232 and/or the upper radial connection disc 225 via at least one small surface contact edge 241 .
- the insulating ring 236 may include a de-stiffening groove 291 which gives it more flexibility and which ensures a more homogeneous and better distributed contact between said ring 236 and the part 210, 220, 226, 224, 232, 225 with which said ring 236 cooperates.
- the insulating ring 236 can also be kept directly or indirectly in contact with the central piston pin 210 and/or the peripheral sealing ring 220 and/or the lower hot cap 226 and/or the lower radial connection disc 224 and/or the upper hot cap 232 and/or the upper radial connection disc 225 via at least one insulating ring seal 242 which is tight to working gas 240.
- the insulating ring seal 242 may for example comprise several metal sheets like the cylinder head gaskets that modern automobile internal combustion heat engines have, or be made of materials resistant to high temperatures such as "Therma-pur" developed by the company "Garlock".
- the cap plating means 234 which directly or indirectly hold the lower hot cap 226 pressed against the peripheral sealing ring 220 and / or on the lower radial connecting disc 224, can be formed from an outer coaxial lower tube of spindle 243 which envelops the central piston spindle 210, said tube 243 bearing on the one hand, on the lower hot cap 226 in the vicinity of said spindle 210, and of on the other hand, on the power transmission means 205 which may for example consist of a stock 244 which translates in a stock cylinder 293, said stock 244 being articulated around the foot of a connecting rod 245 which is itself articulated around a crank 246 arranged on a crankshaft 247, the latter forming the power output shaft 207.
- the cap pressing means 234 which directly or indirectly hold the upper hot cap 232 pressed against the peripheral sealing ring 220 and/or on the upper radial connecting disc 225, can be formed of an outer coaxial upper pin tube 248 which envelops the central piston pin 210, said tube 248 bearing on the one hand, on the upper hot cap 232 in the vicinity of said pin 210, and on the other hand, on an upper rod stop 249 provided directly or indirectly on the upper piston rod 212 near its end which opens into the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217.
- some or all of the ends of the pin outer coaxial lower tube 243 and/or the pin outer coaxial upper tube 248 can receive a tube spring 250 through which said tubes 243, 248 bear respectively on the lower hot cap 226 and on the power transmission means 205 and/or on the upper hot cap 232 and on the upper rod stop 249, the tube spring 250 advantageously being made up of a stack of “Belleville” washers known per se.
- FIGS 10 and 1 1 illustrate that according to a particular configuration of the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention, the lower hot cap 226 and / or the upper hot cap 232 can advantageously have a concave conical surface of cap 251 by means of which said cap 226, 232 is held flat by the cap pressing means 234 on a circular peripheral contact edge 252 which is directly or indirectly integral with the peripheral sealing ring 220 and/or the periphery of the lower radial connecting disc 224 and/or the periphery of the upper radial connecting disc 225.
- the angle of the concave cone formed by the concave conical surface of cap 251 is such that when said surface 251 slides on said edge 252 due to the difference between the thermal expansion of said cap 226, 232 and that of the assembly formed by the peripheral sealing ring 220, the lower radial connection disc 224, the upper radial connection disc 225 and the central piston pin 210, the axial distance which separates the fulcrum cap plating means 234 on said cap 226, 232 of the peripheral sealing ring 220 remains approximately constant all other things being equal, while the concave conical surface of the cap 251 and the circular peripheral contact edge 252 form the cap centering means 235.
- this particular configuration of the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 allows the force to which the cap pressing means 234 are subjected - which are outside the image in FIGS. 10 and 11 but actually present - remains approximately constant regardless of the difference between the thermal expansion of said cap 226, 232 and that of the mechanically welded assembly 289 formed by the peripheral sealing ring 220, the lower radial connecting disc 224 , upper radial link disc 225 and piston center pin 210.
- said configuration makes it possible to limit the volumetric ratio variation of the thermal engine 202 as a function of its temperature, particularly during the cold start phases of said engine 202.
- the circular peripheral contact edge 252 could advantageously have a spherical contact with the concave conical surface of the cap 251 .
- the piston fixing means 231 can consist of a double-acting piston axial screw 219 which firstly comprises a piston screw body 255 which is housed in a piston screw tunnel 256 which passes right through the central piston pin 210 in the direction of its length, said screw 219 comprising on the one hand, a piston screw head 253 which bears at the end of the upper piston rod 212 which opens into the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217, and on the other hand, a piston screw thread 254 which is screwed into the power transmission means 205.
- a double-acting piston axial screw 219 which firstly comprises a piston screw body 255 which is housed in a piston screw tunnel 256 which passes right through the central piston pin 210 in the direction of its length, said screw 219 comprising on the one hand, a piston screw head 253 which bears at the end of the upper piston rod 212 which opens into the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217, and on the other hand, a piston screw thread 254 which is screwed into the power
- a screw-nut assembly can replace the piston screw head 253 which can moreover be replaced by any other type of fixing which will appear from obvious to those skilled in the art.
- the piston screw tunnel 256 can advantageously form at least part of the lubrication-cooling gallery 227, the lubricant-cooling fluid 257 being able to circulate between the screw body piston 255 and the internal wall of said tunnel 256, the latter forming with said body 255 a first section which goes from the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 to the piston internal volume 228, and a second section which goes from said volume 228 inside the transmission case 206, the piston screw body 255 being able to include screw sealing bulges 258 to separate the piston screw tunnel 256 into sections, said bulges 258 being able for these purposes to have a sealing gasket bulge sealing 259.
- the guide means 230 may consist of a barrel skirt 260 which is arranged on the periphery external of the peripheral sealing ring 220 and which rests on the cold cylinder 204, said skirt 260 having a convergent shape which promotes the establishment of a hydrodynamic lubrication regime between itself and the cold cylinder 204 with which she cooperates.
- barrel skirt 260 can advantageously be positioned between two compression rings 222 and adjoin an oil scraper ring 278.
- Figure 8 illustrates that the lubrication-cooling gallery 227 can open into the internal volume of piston 228 via a small axial play left between on the one hand, a fluid distribution disc 261 which is housed in said volume 228 and on the other hand, the upper radial connection disk 225, said distribution disk 261 being approximately parallel to said radial connection disk 225 and forming on the one hand, a seal with the central piston pin 210, and ending on the other part, radially in the vicinity of the inner wall of the peripheral sealing ring 220, the cooling-lubricating fluid 257 coming from the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 being able to exit at the level of said vicinity, for example via weirs distribution 290, orifices or slots of any kind whatsoever arranged on the periphery of the fluid distribution disk 261 .
- the central piston pin 210 may comprise, inside the internal volume of the piston 228 and in the vicinity of the lower radial connection disc 224, a fluid recirculation flange 262 which, when the central piston pin 210 moves in the direction of the lower cylinder head 213, rejects radially and in the direction of the internal wall of the peripheral ring of sealing 220 the lubricating-cooling fluid 257 which has accumulated in said volume 228 and on the surface of said disc 224, said flange 262 possibly comprising flange channels 263 which form radial jets of lubricating-cooling fluid 257 which are uniformly distributed over three hundred and sixty degrees.
- the lower radial connecting disc 224 can advantageously have the shape of a hollow 294 at the level of its connection with the central piston pin 210, said form 294 constituting an overflow reservoir 264 which can store lubricating-cooling fluid 257, while at least one overflow orifice 265 which communicates with the inside the transmission casing 206 via the lubrication-cooling gallery 227 fixes the maximum level of said tank 264 so that at each acceleration towards the upper cylinder head 214 of the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention, the level of the lubricating-cooling fluid 257 contained in said reservoir 264 does not exceed that of the overflow orifice 265, said excess fluid 257 being expelled inside the transmission housing 206.
- a fluid nozzle 266 fed by the source of lubricant-cooling fluid 218 can open into the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 to inject therein a jet of fluid 267 which is shown in figures 8 and 9.
- the fluid nozzle 266 can inject a jet of lubricating-cooling fluid 257 into an axial screw reservoir 267 which is arranged axially in the piston screw head 253, said reservoir 267 communicating with the lubrication-cooling gallery 227 via at least one radial tank-gallery connection duct 268.
- FIGS 8 and 9 also clearly show that a screw check valve 269 can be housed in the axial screw of the double-acting piston 219, said valve 269 allowing the lubricating-cooling fluid 257 to go from axial screw reservoir 267 towards the lubrication-cooling gallery 227, but not the reverse, so that at each acceleration in the direction of the upper cylinder head 214 of the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention, the lubricating fluid- coolant 257 contained in said tank 267 is forced to enter the lubrication-cooling gallery 227 while when said piston 201 accelerates towards the lower cylinder head 213, said fluid 257 contained in said gallery 227 does not return to said tank 267.
- a screw check valve 269 can be housed in the axial screw of the double-acting piston 219, said valve 269 allowing the lubricating-cooling fluid 257 to go from axial screw reservoir 267 towards the lubrication-cooling gallery 227, but not the reverse, so that
- the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 can be connected to an air source 270 or to a any gas source of any kind by an air inlet check valve 271 which allows fluid forcing air 272 to enter said chamber 217 without leaving it while said chamber 217 is connected to an air reservoir 273 by a pressure relief valve 274 which lets fluid forcing air 272 flow from said chamber 217 to said reservoir 273 when the pressure of said air 272 in said chamber 217 reaches a certain value.
- a reflective screen 295 can be interposed between the lower hot cap 226 and the lower radial connecting disc 224 to which part of the peripheral sealing ring 220 can be added. and/or, between the upper hot cap 232 and the upper radial connecting disc 225 to which part of said ring 220 can be added, said reflective screen 295 returning to the lower hot cap 226 and/or to the upper hot cap 232 the heat emitted, in particular in the form of infrared radiation, by said cap 226, 232.
- the thermal insulation means 233 may consist of a cellular or fibrous insulating material 296 which occupies all or part of the space between the lower hot cap 226 and the lower radial connection 224 and/or between the upper hot cap 232 and the upper radial connection disc 225.
- Figure 13 also illustrates that at least a first radial space left between the pin outer coaxial upper tube 248 and the piston center pin 210, at least a second radial space left between the pin outer coaxial lower tube 243 and the piston center pin 210, and a plurality of radial spaces left between the piston screw body 255 and the inner wall of the piston screw tunnel 256 may form at least part of the lubrication-cooling gallery 227, the lubricating-cooling fluid 257 being able to circulate successively in said spaces to go from the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 to the internal volume of piston 228, then said volume 228 inside the transmission casing 206.
- the outer wall of the upper outer coaxial pin tube 248 and the outer wall of the lower outer coaxial pin tube 243 are always maintained at low temperature, this in order to that a film of lubricating oil which coats the outer wall of said tubes 248, 243 is preserved from any coking or spontaneous combustion by excess temperature, including when the heat engine 202 is stopped after having operated at high temperature, and particularly insofar as an electric pump is provided which forces lubricating-cooling fluid 257 to circulate in the lubrication-cooling gallery 227 after said motor 202 has stopped.
- the lower rod sealing means 280 and/or the upper rod sealing means 281 may consist of a continuous extensible ring 297 which is directly or indirectly integral with the cooled cylinder block 203, and whose inside diameter is substantially smaller than the outside diameter of the lower piston rod 211 or of the upper piston rod 212 that it encloses.
- the radial thickness and the axial thickness of the extensible continuous ring 297 are advantageously low to limit the energy losses produced by the friction of said ring 297 on the lower piston rod 211 and /or the upper piston rod 212.
- Figure 14 illustrates that the extensible continuous ring 297 can be connected to a ring plate 298 by a ring tube 299 of small radial thickness, said ring 297, said plate 298 and said ring 297 being made in one and the same piece of material.
- the ring plate 298 can directly or indirectly move radially and in a sealed manner in the cooled cylinder block 203, and comprise at least one radial ring abutment 303 which limits its eccentricity relative to the lower piston rod 211 or relative to the upper piston rod 212.
- FIG. 15 Another variant illustrated in Figure 15 provides that the extendable continuous ring 297 can be axially clamped between two ring rings 300 by a ring axial compression spring 301 which can cooperate with a tight ring ring 302 , the two ring rings 300 being able to expose to the lower piston rod 211 or to the upper piston rod 212 a radial ring stop 303 which can come into contact with said rod 211, 212.
- Said piston 201 can be applied to any heat engine 202 running a Beau de Rochas, Miller, Atkinson, Diesel cycle, or any other thermodynamic cycle known to those skilled in the art.
- said piston 201 applies only to the expander 279 of said engine 202, also, the other organs of the latter such as one or more compressors, a burner or a regeneration exchanger necessary for the implementation of the regenerative Brayton cycle, are not shown.
- the objective of the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention is to minimize the heat losses of the working gas 240 during the expansion phase of said gas 240 operated during the regeneration Brayton cycle, while ensuring that said piston 201 achieves good sealing with cold cylinder 204 by using only conventional piston sealing means 221, in this case compression rings 222 similar to those fitted to combustion engines in-house automotive products large series, said segments 222 cooperating with an oil scraper segment 278.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 is advantageously applied to a heat engine 202 based on the same said objective and which, as such, limits the losses of heat of the working gas 240 by having the greatest possible part of its internal walls brought to high temperature.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 a heat engine 202 has been shown, the regulator 279 of which receives the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201, said regulator 279 comprising a lower cylinder head 213 and an upper cylinder head 214 whose operating temperature is high - of the order of nine hundred and fifty degrees Celsius - said cylinder heads 213, 214 being made of silicon carbide 276, a material which retains its mechanical characteristics up to temperatures of the order of one thousand four hundred degrees Celsius , and which can be used in an oxidizing medium at these high temperatures.
- said surfaces are, in addition to the cold cylinder 204 arranged in a cooled cylinder block 203, part of the peripheral sealing ring 220, part of the lower stem of piston 211 and a part of the upper piston rod 212, these members 220, 204, 211, 212 totaling a surface in contact with the working gas 240 much lower than that totaled by the lower cylinder head 213, the upper cylinder head 214, the lower hot cap 226, and upper hot cap 232.
- the transmission casing 206 and the power transmission means 205 are advantageously maintained at a temperature close to one hundred degrees Celsius, compatible with the lubricating and cooling oil 283.
- the power transmission means 205 are for example made up of a connecting rod 245 which is connected to the lower piston rod 211 via a butt 244, said connecting rod 34 being articulated around a crank 246 arranged on the crankshaft 247, the latter forming a power output shaft 207.
- the piston screw tunnel 256 here forms a lubrication-cooling gallery 227, the lubrication and cooling oil 283 being able in particular to circulate between the piston screw body 255 and the internal wall of said tunnel 256, the latter forming with said body 255 a first lubrication-cooling gallery section 227 which goes from the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 to the piston internal volume 228, and a second section of said gallery 227 which goes from said volume 228 to the inside the transmission case 206.
- the piston screw body 255 has screw sealing bulges 258 which seal the piston screw tunnel 256 into two sections by means of bulge seals 259.
- the double-acting piston axial screw 219 also includes a piston screw head 253 which bears at the end of the upper rod piston 212 which faces the piston cooling and lubricating chamber 217, and a piston screw thread 254 which is screwed into the stock 244.
- the working gas 240 is introduced into the expander 279 via an inlet valve 284 at a temperature of one thousand three hundred degrees Celsius, while the operating equilibrium temperature of the lower cylinder head 213 and of the upper cylinder head 214 which surrounds the cooled cylinder block 203 on the one hand, and that of the lower hot cap 226 and of the upper hot cap 232 which cover the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 on the other hand, is new -one hundred and fifty degrees Celsius.
- the inlet valve 284 and an exhaust valve 285 through which the working gas 240 is expelled from the regulator 279 after having been relaxed therein are autoclaves, and can each be controlled by a regenerative valve hydraulic actuator as described in patent No. 3071896 dated October 11, 2019 and belonging to the applicant.
- crankcase-cylinder cooling means 286 may consist of a cooling chamber 287 which envelops the outer surface of the cold cylinder 204, a heat transfer liquid 288, in the occurrence of water, circulating in said chamber 287.
- peripheral sealing ring 220 has a barrel skirt 260, two compression rings 222 and an oil scraper ring 278, these components 260, 222, 278 also being maintained at a temperature of the order of one hundred degrees Celsius, close to that of the cold cylinder 204 with which they cooperate, this in particular to preserve the integrity of the lubricating and cooling oil 283 which forms a film on the inner wall of said cylinder 204.
- the piston sealing means 221 no longer here consist of a fluid cushion sealing device according to patent FR 3032252, but of a segmentation comparable to that of conventional automotive internal combustion engines, said means 221 being cooled and lubricated in the same way.
- the surface that the cold cylinder 204 exposes to the working gas 240 is small at the start of expansion of said gas 240, then increases as said gas 240 expands and that in parallel, its temperature drops , unlike the lower yoke 213, the upper yoke 214, the lower hot cap 226 and the upper hot cap 232, whose surface exposed to the working gas 240 remains constant.
- the cold cylinder 204 being common to the lower variable volume chamber 208 and to the upper variable volume chamber 209, its surface is here and according to the embodiment of the multitemperature double-acting piston 201 according to l invention shown in Figures 2 and 3, less than thirty percent of the total internal surface of the regulator 279 which is brought into contact with the working gas 240.
- the maximum temperature reached by the gases in the cylinder of an Otto cycle or conventional diesel engine is of the order of two thousand five hundred degrees Celsius compared to only about one thousand three hundred degrees Celsius.
- this lower temperature further reduces the heat losses of the working gas 240 in contact with the cold cylinder 204.
- the heat engine 202 being equipped with the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention, its cold cylinder 204 is located in a zone of low turbulence of the working gas 240 during the introduction of said gas 240 into the lower variable volume chamber 208 or the upper variable volume chamber 209 via the matching 284 intake, or during the expulsion of said gas 240 from said chambers 208, 209 via their exhaust valve 285.
- the thermal engine 202 equipped with the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention performs a regenerative Brayton cycle - which is its primary purpose - the combustion or heating of the working gas 240 is carried out by means of a hot source located upstream of the expander 279 and not in said expander 279, said source possibly consisting of a burner, a heat exchanger or even, by way of example, non- limiting, of a solar radiation concentration sensor.
- the non-necessity of creating deliberate turbulence to promote combustion therefore further reduces the heat losses of the heat engine 202 equipped with the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention performing a regenerative Brayton cycle compared to those of a conventional Otto or Diesel cycle engine, and this, due to less convective forcing between the working gas 240 and the internal wall of the cold cylinder 204.
- the cooled cylinder block 203 and the cold cylinder 204 are made of cast iron, while the lower cylinder head 213 and the upper cylinder head 214 are also made of silicon carbide 276.
- the temperature of the welded assembly 289 stabilizes at approximately one hundred degrees Celsius, while that of the lower hot cap 226 stabilizes at nine hundred and fifty degrees Celsius.
- the total axial length of the lower hot dome 226 also increases by around one millimeter, such a variation of said length can only be absorbed with difficulty by the cap pressing means 234 which must also take up the axial forces generated by the inertia of said cap 226 during accelerations of the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention.
- the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention meets this dual need, on the one hand, to absorb large expansion differences between various parts kept in contact with each other and operating at very different temperatures, and on the other hand, to limit heat exchanges between said parts.
- said piston 201 comprises on the one hand, an insulating ring 236 of zirconium oxide 238 or quartz - materials known for their good temperature resistance and their very low thermal conductivity - which is interposed between the lower hot cap 226 and the peripheral sealing ring 220 and on the other hand, an insulating ring 236 made of the same material which is interposed between said cap 226 and the central piston pin 210 .
- the outer coaxial lower pin tube 243 which forms the cap plating means 234 rests on the insulating ring 236 which is radially close to the central piston pin 210.
- the insulating ring 236 interposed between the hot cap lower 226 and the peripheral sealing ring 220 is held pressed against said cap 226 by via a small surface contact edge 241 which reduces the section left to the passage of heat.
- the lower hot cap 226 has a concave conical cap surface 251 through which said cap 226 is held flat by the cap plating means 234 on an edge circular peripheral contact 252 presented by the insulating ring 236 which is secured to the peripheral sealing ring 220, said edge 252 acting as a small surface contact edge 241 .
- the angle of the concave cone formed by the concave conical surface of the cap 251 is calculated so that when said surface 251 slides on the circular edge of peripheral contact 252 due to the difference between the thermal expansion of the hot cap lower 226 and that of the mechanically welded assembly 289, the axial distance which separates the point of support of the lower external coaxial spindle tube 243 on said cap 226 of the peripheral sealing ring 220 remains approximately constant all things being equal Moreover.
- the axial force to which the lower outer coaxial spindle tube 243 is subjected remains approximately constant regardless of the difference between the thermal expansion of the lower hot cap 226 and that of the mechanically welded assembly 289 , while said cap 226 remains radially always centered with respect to the peripheral sealing ring 220.
- a barrel skirt 260 is therefore well arranged on the outer periphery of the peripheral sealing ring 220 so as to rest on the cylinder cold 204, said skirt 260 having a convergent shape which promotes the establishment of a hydrodynamic lubrication regime between itself and said cylinder 204.
- This arrangement allows on the one hand, to bring lubricating and cooling oil 283 to lubricate the barrel skirt 260 and the compression rings 222, and on the other hand, to return any excess of said oil 283 in the internal volume of piston 228.
- FIGs 8 and 9 show the path of the lubricating and cooling oil 283 through the welded assembly 289.
- said oil 283 coming from a source of lubricant-cooling fluid 218 is here injected into the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 by a fluid nozzle 266, the latter projecting a jet of oil lubrication and cooling 283 in an axial screw reservoir 267 which is arranged axially in the piston screw head 253.
- the axial screw reservoir 267 makes it possible to store lubricating and cooling oil 283 regardless of the direction of movement of the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention, and to maximize the share of said oil 283 which passes through the internal volume of piston 228 before being expelled into the transmission housing 206.
- the pressure relief valve 274 which acts as an overflow of the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 and which, in cooperation with a non-return valve, allows air intake 271 connected to an air source 270 said valve 271 letting fluid forcing air 272 enter said chamber 217, to slightly pressurize the latter while limiting the level of lubricating and cooling oil 283 that contains said chamber 217.
- the air inlet check valve 271 lets in fluid forcing air 272 in from the air source 270 in said chamber 217, while above a certain said pressure, the pressure relief valve 274 expels fluid forcing air 272 into an air tank 273.
- the interior of the transmission casing 206 can form both the air source 270 and the air cover 273.
- a first section of the lubrication-cooling gallery 227 conveys the lubrication and cooling oil 283 from the piston cooling and lubrication chamber 217 to the internal volume of piston 228, this by first passing through the axial screw reservoir 267, the screw non-return valve 269 and the radial ducts connecting reservoir-gallery 268.
- This particular configuration of the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 according to the invention makes it possible to maintain the temperature of the upper radial connecting disc 225 close to one hundred degrees Celsius, regardless of the power delivered by the heat engine 202.
- a reflective screen 295 can advantageously be interposed between the lower hot cap 226 and the lower radial connecting disc 224 and between the upper hot cap 232 and the upper radial connecting disc 225, said reflecting screen 295 returning to the lower hot cap 226 and/or to the upper hot cap 232 the heat emitted, in particular in the form of infrared radiation, said cap 226, 232.
- Figure 13 illustrates that in addition to the reflective screen 295, a cellular or fibrous insulating material 296 can occupy all or part of the space between the lower hot cap 226 and the lower radial connecting disc 224 and between the upper hot cap 232 and the upper radial connecting disc 225.
- part of the lubricating and cooling oil 283 leaving the distribution weirs 290 cools the peripheral sealing ring 220 from the inside and supplies the peripheral lubrication orifices of ring 229, so that a little of said oil 283 comes out between the two lips of the oil scraper ring 278, the latter forming, following the back and forth movements operated by the multi-temperature double-acting piston 201 in the cold cylinder 204, a film of lubricating and cooling oil 283 on the surface of said cylinder 204, this while recovering said oil 283 present in excess on said surface.
- the fluid recirculation flange 262 may advantageously include flange channels 263 which form radial jets of lubricant-coolant fluid 257 so as to ensure that the lubricating and cooling oil 283 is evenly distributed over three hundred and sixty degrees.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU2023219331A AU2023219331A1 (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-02-10 | Multi-temperature double-acting piston |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR2201218A FR3132747B1 (fr) | 2022-02-11 | 2022-02-11 | Piston à double effet multitemperature |
FRFR2201218 | 2022-02-11 |
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WO2023152701A1 true WO2023152701A1 (fr) | 2023-08-17 |
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PCT/IB2023/051213 WO2023152701A1 (fr) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-02-10 | Piston à double effet multitempérature |
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AU (1) | AU2023219331A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3132747B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2023152701A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20230304456A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-09-28 | Vianney Rabhi | Moteur thermique alternatif a culasse chaude et cylindre froid |
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JPS6213873A (ja) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-22 | Toshiba Corp | 往復動軸シ−ル装置 |
US4653269A (en) | 1975-03-14 | 1987-03-31 | Johnson David E | Heat engine |
US5056419A (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1991-10-15 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Sealing device for a piston rod of a stirling engine |
WO2016120560A2 (fr) | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-04 | Vianney Rabhi | Moteur thermique a transfert détente et régénération |
WO2016120556A1 (fr) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-04 | Vianney Rabhi | Dispositif d'etancheite a coussin de fluide |
US20170074398A1 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-16 | Vianney Rabhi | Double-acting piston |
EP3350433A1 (fr) | 2015-09-14 | 2018-07-25 | Vianney Rabhi | Cylindre detendeur a double effet a support adaptatif |
RU2674839C1 (ru) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-12-13 | Михаил Иванович Азанов | Двигатель стирлинга с чашеобразным поршнем-вытеснителем |
EP3585993A1 (fr) | 2017-02-27 | 2020-01-01 | Vianney Rabhi | Système de refroidissement régénératif |
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US3071896A (en) | 1961-04-14 | 1963-01-08 | Phillip C Kayser | Article rotating and advancing mechanism for cutting or grinding machine |
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2022
- 2022-02-11 FR FR2201218A patent/FR3132747B1/fr active Active
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2023
- 2023-02-10 AU AU2023219331A patent/AU2023219331A1/en active Pending
- 2023-02-10 WO PCT/IB2023/051213 patent/WO2023152701A1/fr active Application Filing
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US4653269A (en) | 1975-03-14 | 1987-03-31 | Johnson David E | Heat engine |
JPS6213873A (ja) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-22 | Toshiba Corp | 往復動軸シ−ル装置 |
US5056419A (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1991-10-15 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Sealing device for a piston rod of a stirling engine |
WO2016120560A2 (fr) | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-04 | Vianney Rabhi | Moteur thermique a transfert détente et régénération |
WO2016120556A1 (fr) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-04 | Vianney Rabhi | Dispositif d'etancheite a coussin de fluide |
FR3032252A1 (fr) | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-05 | Vianney Rabhi | Dispositif d'etancheite a coussin de fluide |
US20170074398A1 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-16 | Vianney Rabhi | Double-acting piston |
EP3350433A1 (fr) | 2015-09-14 | 2018-07-25 | Vianney Rabhi | Cylindre detendeur a double effet a support adaptatif |
EP3585993A1 (fr) | 2017-02-27 | 2020-01-01 | Vianney Rabhi | Système de refroidissement régénératif |
RU2674839C1 (ru) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-12-13 | Михаил Иванович Азанов | Двигатель стирлинга с чашеобразным поршнем-вытеснителем |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230304456A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-09-28 | Vianney Rabhi | Moteur thermique alternatif a culasse chaude et cylindre froid |
US12000357B2 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2024-06-04 | Vianney Rabhi | Reciprocating heat engine with hot cylinder head and cold cylinder |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3132747B1 (fr) | 2024-01-05 |
AU2023219331A1 (en) | 2024-08-29 |
FR3132747A1 (fr) | 2023-08-18 |
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