WO2023145630A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023145630A1 WO2023145630A1 PCT/JP2023/001633 JP2023001633W WO2023145630A1 WO 2023145630 A1 WO2023145630 A1 WO 2023145630A1 JP 2023001633 W JP2023001633 W JP 2023001633W WO 2023145630 A1 WO2023145630 A1 WO 2023145630A1
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- negative electrode
- mass
- active material
- filler
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/423—Polyamide resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have been widely used as secondary batteries with high output and high energy density.
- charging and discharging are performed by movement of lithium ions and the like between the positive electrode and the negative electrode via the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are opposed to each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and the separator isolates the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other while allowing ions to pass therethrough by impregnating a non-aqueous electrolyte in the internal voids of the separator.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a negative electrode active material containing a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Al, and Zn, a first porous layer made of polyolefin, and a heat-resistant resin. It is described that a lithium secondary battery having a second porous layer can prevent abnormal heat generation due to a short circuit between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- high-capacity positive electrode active materials include lithium-nickel composite oxides.
- the lithium-nickel composite oxide has a higher capacity as the Ni content increases.
- high-capacity negative electrode active materials include silicon materials such as SiO.
- Oxidation of the separator can be suppressed by using a separator having a filler layer containing aramid, which has excellent oxidation resistance, and by facing the filler layer to the positive electrode. There is still room for improvement in order to achieve both high capacity and charge/discharge cycle characteristics in water electrolyte secondary batteries.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with high capacity and excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is one aspect of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, and a separator that separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other.
- M is at least one element selected from Al, Mn, Fe, Ti, Si, Nb, Mo, W, and Zn) lithium represented by It contains a transition metal composite oxide, the negative electrode active material contains 1% by mass or more of a silicon material with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material, and the separator is formed on the base layer and the surface of the base layer.
- the filler layer faces the positive electrode and includes a resin having an amide bond and a filler, and the resin having an amide bond contains units composed of 4,4′-diphenylsulfonylterephthalamide.
- Block A containing the main component and Block B containing the unit consisting of paraphenylene terephthalamide as the main component, and 30% to 70% of all the units are composed of 4,4′-diphenylsulfonylterephthalamide
- the content of the filler in the filler layer is 20% by mass to 90% by mass with respect to the total mass of the filler layer.
- the angle is 10° or less.
- nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery According to the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure, it is possible to improve initial discharge capacity and charge/discharge cycle characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a cylindrical battery that is an example of an embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a separator that is an example of an embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a cylindrical battery that is an example of an embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a separator that is an example of an embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a cylindrical battery that is an example of an embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a separator that is an example of an embodiment
- a cylindrical battery in which a wound electrode body is housed in a cylindrical outer body is exemplified, but the electrode body is not limited to a wound type, and a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are interposed between separators. It may be of a laminated type in which one sheet is alternately laminated on the other.
- the exterior body is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be, for example, rectangular, coin-shaped, or the like.
- the outer package may be a pouch type configured by a laminate sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a cylindrical battery 10 that is an example of an embodiment.
- an electrode body 14 and an electrolytic solution (not shown) are accommodated in an exterior body 16 .
- the direction along the axial direction of the exterior body 16 will be referred to as the “vertical direction or vertical direction”
- the sealing body 17 side will be referred to as “upper”
- the bottom side of the exterior body 16 will be referred to as “lower”. do.
- Carbonates, lactones, ethers, ketones, esters and the like can be used as the non-aqueous solvent (organic solvent) of the electrolytic solution, and two or more of these solvents can be used in combination.
- a mixed solvent containing a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate For example, cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC) can be used, and chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and diethyl carbonate ( DEC) or the like can be used.
- Carbonic acid esters such as methyl acetate (MA) and methyl propionate (MP) are preferably used as esters.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product obtained by substituting at least part of the hydrogen atoms of these solvents with halogen atoms such as fluorine. It is preferable to use, for example, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and methyl fluoropropionate (FMP) as the halogen-substituted compound.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP methyl fluoropropionate
- LiPF 6 LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, etc., and mixtures thereof can be used.
- the amount of the electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent is, for example, 0.5 mol/L to 2.0 mol/L.
- the electrode body 14 has a wound structure in which a strip-shaped positive electrode 11 and a strip-shaped negative electrode 12 are wound with a separator 13 interposed therebetween.
- the positive electrode 11 , the negative electrode 12 , and the separator 13 are all strip-shaped elongated bodies, and are alternately laminated in the radial direction of the electrode body 14 by being spirally wound.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed with a size one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent deposition of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction (transverse direction).
- the separator 13 is formed to have a size one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12, and two separators 13 are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 11 therebetween.
- a positive electrode lead 20 is connected to substantially the center in the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode 11 by welding or the like, and a negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the winding outer end portion of the negative electrode 12 by welding or the like.
- Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 20 extends through the through-hole of the insulating plate 18 toward the sealing member 17
- the negative electrode lead 21 extends through the outside of the insulating plate 19 toward the bottom of the package 16 .
- the positive electrode lead 20 is connected to the lower surface of the filter 23 of the sealing member 17 by welding or the like, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing member 17 electrically connected to the filter 23, serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the exterior body 16 by welding or the like, and the exterior body 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- the exterior body 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container that is open on one side in the axial direction.
- a gasket 28 is provided between the exterior body 16 and the sealing body 17 to ensure hermeticity inside the battery and insulation between the exterior body 16 and the sealing body 17 .
- the exterior body 16 is formed with a grooved portion 22 that supports the sealing body 17 and has a portion of the side surface projecting inward.
- the grooved portion 22 is preferably annularly formed along the circumferential direction of the exterior body 16 and supports the sealing body 17 on the upper surface thereof.
- the sealing body 17 is fixed to the upper part of the exterior body 16 by the grooved part 22 and the open end of the exterior body 16 crimped to the sealing body 17 .
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which a filter 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are layered in order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing member 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except for the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at their central portions, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between their peripheral edge portions.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13, which constitute the electrode body 14, and particularly the separator 13, will be described in detail below.
- the positive electrode 11 has, for example, a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- a positive electrode current collector a foil of a metal such as aluminum that is stable in the positive electrode potential range, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode mixture layers are preferably formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m on one side of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains, for example, a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder.
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer is, for example, 80% by mass to 99% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, etc. is applied to both sides of a positive electrode current collector, the coating film is dried, and then the coating film is rolled using a roller or the like. It can be made by
- a which indicates the number of moles of Li per 1 mole of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, is 0.95 to 1.05, preferably 1.
- the battery capacity may be lower than when a satisfies the above range. If a exceeds 1.05, the charge/discharge cycle characteristics may deteriorate compared to the case where a satisfies the above range.
- x which indicates the ratio of Ni to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide (Ni content), is 0.80 to 0.95, preferably 0.87 to 0.95. is.
- the battery can have a high capacity.
- Co is an optional component in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide.
- y which indicates the ratio of Co to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide, is 0 to 0.20.
- Co has a high electronic conductivity, so it can reduce the resistance.
- M is at least one element selected from Al, Mn, Fe, Ti, Si, Nb, Mo, W, and Zn) relative to the total number of moles of metal elements other than Li in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide z, which indicates the ratio of , ranges from 0 to 0.20.
- Al and Mn can stabilize the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain other positive electrode active materials in addition to the lithium-transition metal composite oxide described above.
- examples of other positive electrode active materials include lithium-containing composite oxides having a Ni content of 0 mol % or more and less than 80 mol %.
- Examples of conductive agents contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon black (CB), acetylene black (AB), ketjen black, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, graphite and other carbon-based particles. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer examples include fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. system resins, and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. system resins, and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- the negative electrode 12 has, for example, a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode current collector a foil of a metal such as copper that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode mixture layers are preferably formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m on one side of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains, for example, a negative electrode active material and a binder.
- the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer is, for example, 80% by mass to 99% by mass with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the negative electrode is produced, for example, by applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc. on both sides of a negative electrode current collector, drying the coating film, and then rolling the coating film using a roller or the like. can be made.
- the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited as long as it can reversibly absorb and release lithium ions, and carbon materials such as graphite are generally used.
- Graphite may be any of natural graphite such as flaky graphite, massive graphite and earthy graphite, artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads.
- the negative electrode active material for example, a carbon material such as graphite and a silicon material are used in combination.
- the negative electrode active material contains, for example, 1% by mass or more of silicon material with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material. This allows the battery to have a higher capacity. Moreover, since the silicon material expands at a high rate during charging, the positive electrode 11 and the separator 13 are brought closer to each other, and the separator 13 is easily oxidized. Therefore, the effect of the filler layer 32 of the separator 13, which will be described later, is remarkable.
- the upper limit of the content of the silicon material is, for example, 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
- Silicon materials include Si, alloys containing Si, silicon oxides represented by SiO x (where x is 0.5 to 1.6), and Li 2y SiO (2+y) (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2). Examples include a silicon-containing material in which fine Si particles are dispersed in a lithium silicate phase, and a silicon-containing material in which fine Si particles are dispersed in a carbon phase.
- binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer examples include styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or salts thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or salts thereof (PAA -Na, PAA-K, and partially neutralized salts), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the separator 13, which is an example of an embodiment.
- the positive electrode 11 is arranged on the upper side of the separator 13, and the negative electrode 12 is arranged on the lower side.
- the separator 13 has a base layer 30 and a filler layer 32 formed on one surface of the base layer 30 .
- the filler layer 32 faces the positive electrode 11 and the substrate layer 30 faces the negative electrode 12 .
- the base material layer 30 for example, a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation is used.
- porous sheets include microporous thin films, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics.
- materials for the base material layer 30 include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefins such as copolymers of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin, acrylic resins, polystyrene, polyesters, and cellulose.
- the thickness of the base material layer 30 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the filler layer 32 contains a resin having an amide bond and a filler.
- the filler layer 32 faces the positive electrode 11 and suppresses oxidation of the separator 13 .
- the thickness of the filler layer 32 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the content of the filler in the filler layer 32 is 20% by mass to 90% by mass, preferably 30% by mass to 70% by mass, relative to the total mass of the filler layer 32 . This improves the permeability of the electrolytic solution.
- the melting point or thermal softening point of the filler contained in the filler layer 32 is preferably 150° C. or higher, more preferably 200° C. or higher.
- fillers include metal oxide particles, metal nitride particles, metal fluoride particles, metal carbide particles, and sulfide particles.
- metal oxide particles include aluminum oxide (eg, ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, silicon oxide, manganese oxide, and the like.
- metal nitride particles include titanium nitride, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, magnesium nitride, and silicon nitride.
- metal fluoride particles include aluminum fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, and the like.
- metal carbide particles include silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium carbide, and tungsten carbide.
- sulfide particles include barium sulfate.
- the fillers include porous aluminosilicates such as zeolite (M2 /nO.Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O , M is a metal element, x ⁇ 2 , y ⁇ 0 ) , talc ( Mg3 Layered silicates such as Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), minerals such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), and the like may also be used. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- porous aluminosilicates such as zeolite (M2 /nO.Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O , M is a metal element, x ⁇ 2 , y ⁇ 0 ) , talc ( Mg3 Layered silicates such as Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), minerals such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), strontium titanate (Sr
- the resin having an amide bond contained in the filler layer 32 includes a block A whose main component is a unit composed of 4,4′-diphenylsulfonylterephthalamide and a block B whose main component is a unit composed of paraphenylene terephthalamide. include. Between 30% and 70% of all units are units consisting of 4,4'-diphenylsulfonylterephthalamide.
- the contact angle is 10° or less after 1 second. This improves the permeability of the electrolytic solution into the separator 13, so that the electrolytic solution smoothly circulates inside the battery, thereby improving charge-discharge cycle characteristics.
- the contact angle of propylene carbonate on the surface of the filler layer 32 changes depending on the internal structure of the filler layer 32 .
- the internal structure of the filler layer 32 can be controlled by, for example, the composition of the amide bond-containing resin, the moisture content during synthesis of the amide bond-containing resin, the filler content, and the like.
- a contact angle can be measured by the following procedure. (1) An unused separator 13 is fixed on a sample table with the filler layer 32 side facing up. (2) Measurement is performed using OCA25 manufactured by DataPhysics. First, the data acquisition interval is set to 75 points per second (fps75). (3) 1 ⁇ L of propylene carbonate is dropped on the filler layer 32 side of the separator 13, and the contact angle is measured after one second.
- a positive electrode active material aluminum-containing lithium nickel cobalt oxide represented by LiNi 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 O 2 was used. 94 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material, 3 parts by mass of acetylene black, and 3 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are mixed, and an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is added to prepare a positive electrode mixture. A slurry was prepared.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of a strip-shaped positive electrode current collector made of aluminum foil, dried, rolled, cut into a predetermined electrode plate size, and the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
- a positive electrode on which an agent layer was formed was produced.
- a positive electrode exposed portion in which the mixture layer was not present and the surface of the current collector was exposed was provided approximately in the center of the positive electrode in the longitudinal direction, and an aluminum positive electrode lead was welded to the positive electrode exposed portion.
- a mixture of 99 parts by mass of artificial graphite and 1 part by mass of silicon oxide (SiO) was used as the negative electrode active material. 100 parts by mass of this mixture, 1 part by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and 1 part by mass of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were mixed, and an appropriate amount of water was added to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of a strip-shaped negative electrode current collector made of copper foil, dried, rolled, cut into a predetermined electrode plate size, and applied to both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode having an agent layer formed thereon was produced. A negative electrode exposed portion in which the mixture layer was not present and the current collector surface was exposed was provided at the winding outer end portion of the negative electrode, and a negative electrode lead made of nickel was welded to the negative electrode exposed portion.
- a composition was prepared by a method comprising the steps shown in (a) to (g) below.
- (a) A 5 L separable flask having a stirring blade, a thermometer, a nitrogen inlet tube and a powder addition port was thoroughly dried.
- (b) A flask was charged with 4217 g of NMP. Further, 324.22 g of calcium chloride (dried at 200° C. for 2 hours) was added and the temperature was raised to 100° C. to completely dissolve the calcium chloride to obtain a solution of calcium chloride.
- the concentration of calcium chloride was adjusted to 7.14% by mass and the water content was adjusted to 400 ppm.
- reaction solution A a block A consisting of poly(4,4'-diphenylsulfonylterephthalamide) was prepared.
- PPD p-phenylenediamine
- solution B a total of 113.88 g of TPC was added in 3 divided portions while maintaining the temperature at 25° C., and reaction was performed for 1.5 hours to obtain reaction solution B.
- the charging ratio in reaction solution B the molar ratio of PPD/TPC added to solution B was 1.0099.
- blocks B made of poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide) were extended on both sides of the blocks A.
- the temperature of the reaction solution B was kept at 25° C. and aged for 1 hour. After that, the mixture was stirred under reduced pressure for 1 hour to remove air bubbles. As a result, a solution containing block copolymer (1) in which the block A occupied 50% of the entire molecule and the block B occupied 50% of the remaining molecule was obtained. That is, 50% of all units are units composed of 4,4'-diphenylsulfonylterephthalamide.
- the block copolymer (1) is a resin having amide bonds and bonds other than amide bonds.
- the coating liquid (1) was applied to a polyethylene porous film (thickness: 10 ⁇ m) and treated in an oven at 50° C. and 70% humidity for 2 minutes to form a porous layer (1). After that, it was washed with water and dried to obtain a laminated separator (1) having a porous layer (1).
- the film thickness of the laminated separator (1) was 13 ⁇ m. After that, by slitting, two separators A having a predetermined size were produced.
- the contact angle of the filler layer was 10°.
- Vinylene carbonate ( VC) was added in an amount of 2 parts by mass.
- An electrolytic solution was prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 in the mixed solvent to a concentration of 1.0 mol/L.
- a wound-type electrode body was produced by spirally winding the positive electrode and the negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween. At this time, the filler layer of the separator was made to face the positive electrode. Insulating plates were placed above and below the electrode body, respectively, and the electrode body was housed in an exterior can. The negative electrode lead was welded to the bottom of the bottomed cylindrical outer can, and the positive electrode lead was welded to the sealant. An electrolytic solution was injected into the outer can, and the opening of the outer can was sealed with a sealing member via a gasket to produce a secondary battery.
- Example 2 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Separator B was produced with the following changes in the preparation of the composition for production of the separator.
- 50% of all units were units composed of 4,4'-diphenylsulfonylterephthalamide.
- the contact angle of the filler layer was 5°.
- step (b) the amount of NMP used was changed to 4177 g and the amount of calcium chloride used was changed to 366.29 g to adjust the moisture content to 300 ppm.
- step (d) the amount of TPC used was changed so that the charging ratio in reaction solution A was 1.016.
- step (f) the amount of TPC used was changed so that the charging ratio in reaction solution B was 1.018.
- Example 3 A secondary electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that an aluminum-containing lithium nickel cobaltate represented by LiNi 0.87 Co 0.10 Al 0.03 O 2 was used as the positive electrode active material in the production of the positive electrode. A battery was produced and evaluated.
- Example 4 A secondary electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that an aluminum-containing lithium nickel cobalt oxide represented by LiNi 0.91 Co 0.06 Al 0.03 O 2 was used as the positive electrode active material in the production of the positive electrode. A battery was produced and evaluated.
- Example 5 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4, except that a mixture of 97 parts by mass of artificial graphite and 3 parts by mass of SiO was used as the negative electrode active material in the production of the negative electrode. .
- Example 1 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Separator C was produced with the following changes in the preparation of the composition for producing the separator.
- 50% of all units were units composed of 4,4'-diphenylsulfonylterephthalamide.
- the contact angle of the filler layer was 15°.
- step (b) the moisture content was adjusted to 500 ppm.
- step (c) the amount of DDS used was changed to 151.559 g.
- step (d) the amount of TPC used was changed to 123.304 g.
- step (e) the amount of PPD used was changed to 66.007 g.
- step (f) the amount of TPC used was changed to 123.059 g.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 2> In the production of the separator, a secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the composition was prepared and the separator D was produced by the method consisting of the steps shown in (a) to (e) below. and evaluated. The contact angle of the filler layer was 13°.
- a 5 L separable flask having a stirring blade, a thermometer, a nitrogen inlet tube and a powder addition port was thoroughly dried.
- 4280 g of NMP was charged into the flask. Further, 329.12 g of calcium chloride (dried at 100° C. for 2 hours) was added and the temperature was raised to 100° C. to completely dissolve the calcium chloride to obtain a solution of calcium chloride.
- Example 3 A secondary battery was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that only artificial graphite was used as the negative electrode active material in fabricating the negative electrode.
- Example 5 A secondary electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that an aluminum-containing lithium nickel cobalt oxide represented by LiNi 0.75 Co 0.22 Al 0.03 O 2 was used as the positive electrode active material in the production of the positive electrode. A battery was produced and evaluated.
- an aluminum-containing lithium nickel cobalt oxide represented by LiNi 0.75 Co 0.22 Al 0.03 O 2 was used as the positive electrode active material in the production of the positive electrode.
- a battery was produced and evaluated.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the secondary batteries according to Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the initial discharge capacity and the post-cycle test discharge capacity are relative values with the initial discharge capacity and the post-cycle test discharge capacity of Comparative Example 7 set to 100, respectively.
- Table 1 also shows the composition of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide, the content of SiO in the negative electrode, and the type and contact angle of the separator.
- the secondary batteries of Examples have high initial discharge capacity and high discharge capacity after the cycle test.
- the secondary batteries of Examples 2 to 5 have improved charge-discharge cycle characteristics because they use a separator having a filler layer with a smaller contact angle than the secondary battery of Example 1.
- the secondary battery of the comparative example is smaller in either the initial discharge capacity or the discharge capacity after the cycle test.
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、例えば、正極集電体と、正極集電体の表面に形成された正極合剤層とを有する。正極集電体には、アルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極集電体の厚みは、例えば、10μm~30μmである。
負極12は、例えば、負極集電体と、負極集電体の表面に形成された負極合剤層とを有する。負極集電体には、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極集電体の厚みは、例えば、5μm~30μmである。
セパレータ13は、正極11及び負極12を相互に隔離している。図2は、実施形態の一例であるセパレータ13の断面図である。図2において、セパレータ13の上側には正極11が配置され、下側には負極12が配置される。
(1)未使用のセパレータ13のフィラー層32側を上にして試料台に固定する。
(2)DataPhysics社製OCA25を用いて測定を行う。まず、データ取得間隔を1秒間75点(fps75)に設定する。
(3)プロピレンカーボネート1μLをセパレータ13のフィラー層32側に滴下し、1秒後の接触角を測定する。
[正極の作製]
正極活物質として、LiNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03O2で表されるアルミニウム含有ニッケルコバルト酸リチウムを用いた。94質量部の正極活物質と、3質量部のアセチレンブラックと、3質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを混合し、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、当該正極合剤スラリーをアルミニウム箔からなる帯状の正極集電体の両面に塗布、乾燥した後、圧延し、所定の極板サイズに切断して、正極集電体の両面に正極合剤層が形成された正極を作製した。正極の長手方向の略中央部に、合剤層が存在せず集電体表面が露出した正極露出部を設け、アルミニウム製の正極リードを正極露出部に溶接した。
負極活物質として、99質量部の人造黒鉛と、1質量部の酸化ケイ素(SiO)との混合物を用いた。100質量部のこの混合物と、1質量部のカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と、1質量部のスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)とを混合し、水を適量加えて、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、当該負極合剤スラリーを銅箔からなる帯状の負極集電体の両面に塗布、乾燥した後、圧延し、所定の極板サイズに切断して、負極集電体の両面に負極合剤層が形成された負極を作製した。負極の巻外側端部に、合剤層が存在せず集電体表面が露出した負極露出部を設け、ニッケル製の負極リードを負極露出部に溶接した。
以下の(a)~(g)に示す工程からなる方法にて、組成物を調製した。
(a)撹拌翼、温度計、窒素流入管および粉体添加口を有する5Lのセパラブルフラスコを充分乾燥させた。
(b)フラスコ内に、4217gのNMPを仕込んだ。さらに、324.22gの塩化カルシウム(200℃にて2時間乾燥させたもの)を加えて、100℃に昇温させ、塩化カルシウムが完全に溶解させ、塩化カルシウムの溶液を得た。ここで、前記塩化カルシウムの溶液において、塩化カルシウムの濃度は、7.14質量%であり、水分率は、400ppmになるように調整した。
(c)前記塩化カルシウムの溶液に対して、その温度を100℃に保持しつつ、140.66gの4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン(DDS)を加えて、完全に溶解させ、溶液Aを得た。
(d)得られた溶液Aを25℃まで冷却した。その後、冷却された溶液Aに対して、その温度を25℃に保った状態にて、合計114.06gのテレフタル酸ジクロライド(TPC)を3分割して加え、1時間反応させ、反応溶液Aを得た。反応溶液Aにおける仕込み比:溶液Aに加えたDDS/TPCのモル比率は、1.0083であった。反応溶液Aにおいては、ポリ(4,4’-ジフェニルスルホニルテレフタルアミド)からなるブロックAが調製された。
(e)得られた反応溶液Aに対して、61.260gのパラフェニレンジアミン(PPD)を加え、1時間かけて完全に溶解させ、溶液Bを得た。
(f)溶液Bに対して、その温度を25℃に保った状態にて、合計113.88gのTPCを3分割して加え、1.5時間反応させ、反応溶液Bを得た。反応溶液Bにおける仕込み比:溶液Bに加えたPPD/TPCのモル比率は、1.0099であった。反応溶液Bにおいては、前記ブロックAの両側に、ポリ(パラフェニレンテレフタルアミド)からなるブロックBが伸長した。
(g)反応溶液Bの温度を25℃に保った状態にて、1時間熟成した。その後、減圧下にて1時間撹拌して、気泡を除去した。その結果、分子全体の50%を前記ブロックAが占め、残りの分子全体の50%を前記ブロックBが占めるブロック共重合体(1)を含む溶液を得た。即ち、全てのユニットのうち、50%は、4,4’-ジフェニルスルホニルテレフタルアミドからなるユニットである。前記ブロック共重合体(1)は、アミド結合およびアミド結合以外の結合を備える樹脂である。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とからなる混合溶媒(体積比でEC:EMC:DMC=2:2:6)の100質量部に、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を2質量部添加した。当該混合溶媒に1.0モル/Lの濃度になるようにLiPF6を溶解させて、電解液を調製した。
セパレータを介して正極及び負極を渦巻き状に巻回して巻回型の電極体を作製した。このとき、セパレータのフィラー層が正極に対向するようにした。上記電極体の上下に絶縁板をそれぞれ配置し、電極体を外装缶内に収容した。負極リードを有底円筒形状の外装缶の底部に溶接し、正極リードを封口体にそれぞれ溶接した。外装缶内に電解液を注入し、ガスケットを介して封口体により外装缶の開口部を封止して二次電池を作製した。
上記二次電池を、25℃の環境下で、0.3Cの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで充電した後、4.2Vの定電圧で電流値が0.02Cになるまで充電した。その後、0.5Cの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで放電し、この時の放電容量を初期放電容量とした。
初期放電容量評価後の二次電池を、45℃の環境下で、0.3Cの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで充電した後、4.2Vの定電圧で電流値が0.02Cになるまで充電した。その後、12時間静置してから0.5Cの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで放電した。この充放電を1サイクルとして、200サイクル行い、200サイクル時の放電容量をサイクル試験後放電容量とした。
セパレータの作製の組成物の調製において、以下の点を変更してセパレータBを作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。なお、得られた樹脂において、全てのユニットのうち、50%は、4,4’-ジフェニルスルホニルテレフタルアミドからなるユニットであった。また、フィラー層の接触角は、5°であった。
(1)工程(b)において、NMPの使用量を4177g、塩化カルシウムの使用量を366.29gに変更して水分率を300ppmに調整した。
(2)工程(d)において、反応溶液Aにおける仕込み比を1.016になるようにTPCの使用量を変更した。
(3)工程(f)において、反応溶液Bにおける仕込み比を1.018になるようにTPCの使用量を変更した。
正極の作製において、正極活物質として、LiNi0.87Co0.10Al0.03O2で表されるアルミニウム含有ニッケルコバルト酸リチウムを用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。
正極の作製において、正極活物質として、LiNi0.91Co0.06Al0.03O2で表されるアルミニウム含有ニッケルコバルト酸リチウムを用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、負極活物質として、97質量部の人造黒鉛と、3質量部のSiOの混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。
セパレータの作製の組成物の調製において、以下の点を変更してセパレータCを作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。なお、得られた樹脂において、全てのユニットのうち、50%は、4,4’-ジフェニルスルホニルテレフタルアミドからなるユニットであった。また、フィラー層の接触角は、15°であった。
(1)工程(b)において、水分率を500ppmに調整した。
(2)工程(c)において、DDSの使用量を151.559gに変更した。
(3)工程(d)において、TPCの使用量を123.304gに変更した。
(4)工程(e)において、PPDの使用量を66.007gに変更した。
(5)工程(f)において、TPCの使用量を123.059gに変更した。
セパレータの作製において、以下の(a)~(e)に示す工程からなる方法にて、組成物を調製してセパレータDを作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。フィラー層の接触角は、13°であった。
(a)撹拌翼、温度計、窒素流入管および粉体添加口を有する5Lのセパラブルフラスコを充分乾燥させた。
(b)フラスコ内に、4280gのNMPを仕込んだ。さらに、329.12gの塩化カルシウム(100℃にて2時間乾燥させたもの)を加えて、100℃に昇温させ、塩化カルシウムが完全に溶解させ、塩化カルシウムの溶液を得た。ここで、前記塩化カルシウムの溶液において、塩化カルシウムの濃度は、7.14重量%であり、水分率は、450ppmになるように調整した。
(c)前記塩化カルシウムの溶液に対して、138.932gのパラフェニレンジアミン(PPD)を加え、1時間かけて完全に溶解させ、溶液Aを得た。
(d)溶液Aに対して、その温度を25℃に保った状態にて、合計251.499gのTPCを3分割して加え、1.5時間反応させ、反応溶液Bを得た。反応溶液Bにおける仕込み比:溶液Bに加えたPPD/TPCのモル比率は、1.0371であった。
(e)反応溶液Bの温度を25℃に保った状態にて、1時間熟成した。その後、減圧下にて1時間撹拌して、気泡を除去した。その結果、ポリ(パラフェニレンテレフタルアミド)からなる比較重合体(2)を含む溶液を得た。
負極の作製において、負極活物質として、人造黒鉛のみを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。
セパレータとして比較例2で作製したセパレータDを用いたこと以外は、比較例3と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。
正極の作製において、正極活物質として、LiNi0.75Co0.22Al0.03O2で表されるアルミニウム含有ニッケルコバルト酸リチウムを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、負極活物質として、人造黒鉛のみを用いたこと以外は、比較例5と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。
セパレータとして比較例2で作製したセパレータDを用いたこと以外は、比較例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。
Claims (2)
- 正極活物質を含む正極と、負極活物質を含む負極と、前記正極及び前記負極を相互に隔離するセパレータとを備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質は、一般式LiaNixCoyMzO2-b(式中、0.95≦a≦1.05、0.80≦x≦0.95、0≦y≦0.20、0≦z≦0.20、0≦b≦0.05、x+y+z=1、Mは、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti、Si、Nb、Mo、W、及びZnから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素)で表されるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含有し、
前記負極活物質は、前記負極活物質の総質量に対して1質量%以上のケイ素材料を含有し、
前記セパレータは、基材層と、前記基材層の表面に形成されたフィラー層とを有し、
前記フィラー層は、前記正極に対向するとともに、アミド結合を備える樹脂と、フィラーとを含み、
前記アミド結合を備える樹脂は、
4,4’-ジフェニルスルホニルテレフタルアミドからなるユニットを主成分とするブロックAと、
パラフェニレンテレフタルアミドからなるユニットを主成分とするブロックBと、を含み、
全てのユニットのうち、30%~70%は、4,4’-ジフェニルスルホニルテレフタルアミドからなるユニットであり、
前記フィラー層における前記フィラーの含有量は、前記フィラー層の総質量に対して、20質量%~90質量%であり、
前記フィラー層にプロピレンカーボネートを1μl滴下した際に、1秒後の接触角が10°以下である、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記一般式中のxが、0.87≦x≦0.95である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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WO2006106782A1 (ja) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | リチウム二次電池 |
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JP2022042995A (ja) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-03-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池用多孔質層 |
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WO2006106782A1 (ja) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | リチウム二次電池 |
JP2017139117A (ja) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-10 | 旭化成株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用セパレータ及びその製造方法 |
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