WO2022229470A1 - Dispositif et procédé de refroidissement d'un flux d'un fluide cible comportant majoritairement du dihydrogène et utilisation associée - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de refroidissement d'un flux d'un fluide cible comportant majoritairement du dihydrogène et utilisation associée Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022229470A1 WO2022229470A1 PCT/EP2022/061726 EP2022061726W WO2022229470A1 WO 2022229470 A1 WO2022229470 A1 WO 2022229470A1 EP 2022061726 W EP2022061726 W EP 2022061726W WO 2022229470 A1 WO2022229470 A1 WO 2022229470A1
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant fluid
- fluid
- heat exchanger
- flow
- heat exchange
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Substances CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Natural products O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/002—Argon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0077—Argon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
- F25J1/0222—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an intermediate heat exchange fluid between the cryogenic component and the fluid to be liquefied
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/86—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using electrical phenomena, e.g. Corona discharge, electrolysis or magnetic field
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/50—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/14—Carbon monoxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/20—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for cooling a flow of a target fluid mainly comprising dihydrogen, a method for cooling a flow of a target fluid mainly comprising dihydrogen and a corresponding use. It applies, for example, to the field of the liquefaction of dihydrogen obtained by electrolysis of water.
- Hydrogen is an energy vector produced mainly by reforming or gasification of hydrocarbons and in a minority by the electrolysis of water, the thermochemical dissociation of water or biomass.
- the growing use of renewable sources of electricity is encouraging the development of water electrolysis to promote carbon-neutral hydrogen.
- the hydrogen thus produced must subsequently be conditioned in order to be transported.
- One of these options is to liquefy it.
- the hydrogen liquefaction process is divided into three main temperature technological blocks: compression, pre-cooling and refrigeration.
- precooling is to lower the inlet temperatures located between 273 K and 320 K of the hydrogen fluid of interest and the fluid used for refrigeration in the following block, down to a so-called precooling temperature located between 78 K and 120K.
- the electrolysis process generates, for each kilogram of hydrogen produced, eight kilograms of oxygen. This oxygen is in most cases released into the atmosphere, it is fatal oxygen.
- Some systems use the fatal oxygen co-generated during the electrolysis of water to pre-cool the hydrogen liquefaction by expanding the compressed oxygen at the electrolyser outlet to atmospheric pressure. This operation makes it possible to lower its temperature to around 140 K. This oxygen can thus flow in the opposite direction into a heat exchanger from which it emerges at room temperature, thereby cooling the hydrogen. The oxygen is then released into the atmosphere.
- An improvement of the previous systems proposes to use a buffer circuit.
- the oxygen thus cools, not the hydrogen directly, but an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, helium or neon, which in turn cools the hydrogen.
- Patent application GB 2 142 423 is known, which discloses a device for cooling a stream using an intermediate refrigerant fluid.
- the intermediate refrigerant fluid is in gaseous form at ambient temperature at the inlet of a compressor and in supercritical form at the outlet of said compressor after it has cooled to ambient temperature.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.
- the present invention relates to a device for cooling a flow of a target fluid mainly comprising dihydrogen, which comprises:
- a first heat exchanger configured to cool an intermediate refrigerant by heat exchange with an expanded flow of oxygen
- the intermediate refrigerant fluid configured to remain in the liquid or supercritical state at least when passing through the compression means and - the second heat exchanger configured to cool the flow of the target fluid by heat exchange with the intermediate refrigerant fluid cooled in the first heat exchanger.
- the intermediate refrigerant fluid is mainly:
- n-pentane presents the most flexible use, that is to say that no concession is to be made to keep it in liquid form (lowest melting temperature).
- n-butane or ammonia are advantageous, but require the implementation of the compression means downstream of the first exchanger or else to reduce by part the cooling power of these intermediate refrigerants.
- the second heat exchanger is configured to cool the flow of target fluid with, in addition to the intermediate refrigerant fluid, a flow of refrigerant fluid, the device comprising a closed circuit of refrigerant fluid, this circuit comprising:
- a third heat exchanger configured to cool the flow of the target fluid by heat exchange with the low-pressure refrigerant fluid and - a means for inserting the low-pressure refrigerant fluid into the second heat exchanger.
- the device that is the subject of the present invention comprises a fourth heat exchanger configured to cool the flow of the target fluid by heat exchange with the low-pressure refrigerant fluid coming from the high-pressure refrigerant fluid expansion means, the means for inserting the low pressure refrigerant fluid into the second heat exchanger being configured to insert the flow of low pressure refrigerant fluid from the fourth heat exchanger.
- the device that is the subject of the present invention comprises the refrigerant fluid, this refrigerant fluid being mainly:
- the device which is the subject of the present invention comprises a means for expanding the dioxygen upstream of the first heat exchanger.
- the device that is the subject of the present invention comprises a water electrolysis means, configured to produce dioxygen and dihydrogen, the dioxygen produced being supplied by means of dioxygen expansion.
- the device that is the subject of the present invention comprises means for injecting dihydrogen from the water electrolysis means into the second heat exchanger.
- the present invention relates to a process for cooling a flow of a target fluid mainly comprising dihydrogen, which comprises:
- the intermediate refrigerant being configured to remain in the liquid state or supercritical at least during the performance of the compression step.
- the present invention aims at the use of a flow mainly of n-pentane in a supercritical or liquid state in a closed circuit to cool a body by accumulation of cold temperatures during the heat exchange between a flow mainly of n -compressed pentane and mainly a flow of oxygen.
- the body is predominantly hydrogen flux.
- the body is predominantly a solid body.
- FIG. 1 shows, schematically, a first particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 2 represents, schematically and in the form of a flowchart, a particular succession of steps of the method which is the subject of the present invention.
- the term “predominantly” designates a relative majority among other compounds or an absolute majority of a compound in a mixture.
- the term “predominantly” designates a composition comprising at least 30% of the designated compound.
- the term “predominantly” denotes a composition comprising at least 40% of the designated compound. In variants, the term “predominantly” denotes a composition comprising at least 50% of the designated compound.
- the term “predominantly” denotes a composition comprising at least 60% of the designated compound. In variants, the term “predominantly” denotes a composition comprising at least 70% of the designated compound.
- the term “predominantly” denotes a composition comprising at least 80% of the designated compound.
- the term “predominantly” denotes a composition comprising at least 85% of the designated compound.
- the term “predominantly” denotes a composition comprising at least 90% of the designated compound.
- the term “predominantly” denotes a composition comprising at least 95% of the designated compound. It is noted here that the target fluid 101 to be cooled is preferably predominantly a gas and, even more preferably predominantly hydrogen. Such a gas can also mainly be:
- the fluid to be cooled can be any fluid or mixture of fluids whose boiling temperature is greater than 275K and the crystallization temperature is between 80K and 200K.
- FIG. 1 A diagrammatic view of an embodiment of the device 100 object of the present invention is observed in FIG. 1, which is not to scale.
- this device 100 forms the cooling device of a larger system (not referenced) comprising the systems for transporting, cooling and compressing the fluid to be precooled.
- this system includes:
- the low-pressure 1020 and medium-pressure 1015 cooling fluid flows passing successively through the fourth heat exchanger 180 when present, the third heat exchanger 160 and the second heat exchanger 125 heat before reaching a 1005 stage of compression and
- - Said compression stage comprising an outlet for high-pressure cooling fluid 1030, the flow of high-pressure cooling fluid passing successively through the second heat exchanger 125, the third heat exchanger 160 and the fourth heat exchanger 180.
- devices of the same type may not be distinct devices, but stages of a single device for all or part of the devices of a given type.
- the second exchanger 125, the third exchanger 160 and the fourth exchanger 180 can correspond to three distinct stages of a single exchanger.
- the fourth exchanger 180 is absent from the device 100.
- the device 100 for cooling a flow of a fluid comprises:
- first heat exchanger 105 configured to cool an intermediate refrigerant fluid 110 by heat exchange with an expanded flow of oxygen 115
- the intermediate refrigerant fluid 110 configured to remain in the liquid or supercritical state at least when passing through the compression means and -
- the second heat exchanger 125 configured to cool the flow of the target fluid by heat exchange with the intermediate refrigerant fluid cooled in the first heat exchanger.
- the first heat exchanger 105 is, for example, a plate, spiral, tube, tube bundle or finned exchanger. These examples are also applicable to the second, third and fourth heat exchangers, 125 and 160, and 180.
- the intermediate refrigerant fluid 110 is selected for the ability of said fluid 110 to remain in a liquid or supercritical state at least under the action of the compression means 130. Preferably, this intermediate refrigerant fluid 110 remains in the liquid or supercritical state throughout the closed circuit 120.
- the intermediate coolant 110 is configured to have boiling and melting temperatures at atmospheric pressure of respectively greater than 300 K and less than at least 200 K.
- the intermediate coolant 110 is configured to have a mass flow rate ratio of 4.8 kg n -
- the nature of the intermediate refrigerant fluid may vary.
- the intermediate refrigerant fluid 110 is mainly:
- the refrigerant fluid 110 is mainly ammonia used at a pressure of less than 8 bara used over a range of 200 K - 300 K.
- This refrigerant fluid 110 is liquid after having been cooled by oxygen and can therefore be pumped and/or compressed.
- Ammonia is gaseous at a temperature above approximately 240 K.
- the refrigerant 110 is mainly n-butane at a pressure of less than 1.5 bara which can be used in the 140 K - 300 K range.
- n-butane is liquid after cooling. by oxygen and therefore can be pumped, but gaseous at a temperature above 283 K. It is thus possible to reach lower temperatures.
- the intermediate refrigerant fluid 110 is routed to the second exchanger 125 by transporting the refrigerant fluid 110 not by pipe, but by mobile storage. This could be the case for island production of hydrogen whose liquefaction takes place elsewhere.
- the intermediate refrigerant 110 from the second exchanger 125 is then transported by transport to the first exchanger 105 (and optionally the means 130 of compression).
- the compression means 130 is positioned between downstream of the second exchanger 125 and upstream of the first exchanger 105 along the flow of the flow of fluid 110 refrigerant.
- the flow mainly of oxygen 115 can come from a dedicated storage or, preferably, from a means 175 of water electrolysis. In all cases, the predominantly dioxygen flow 115 is preferentially expanded before being inserted into the first heat exchanger 105. This relaxation is ensured by means 170 of relaxation.
- Such expansion means 170 can be of any known type such, for example, an expansion turbine, an expansion valve or a turboexpander.
- the predominantly dioxygen flow is released into the atmosphere once implemented in the first heat exchanger 105 .
- the device 100 comprises a means 170 for expanding the dioxygen upstream of the first heat exchanger 105 .
- the expansion means 170 is configured to lower the pressure of the oxygen flow from 30 bara to 1.1 bara, preferably at ambient temperature. Such embodiments make it possible to lower the temperature of the oxygen flow to 119 K (-154° C.).
- device 100 includes water electrolysis means 175 configured to produce oxygen and hydrogen, the produced oxygen being supplied to oxygen expansion means 170 .
- a means 175 of water electrolysis is, for example, an electrolyser.
- the first heat exchanger 105 is positioned as close as possible to the electrolysis means 175 to reduce the pressure drops of the oxygen generated during the water electrolysis process.
- the mass flow rate ratio between the dioxygen and the dihydrogen generated by the electrolysis means 175 is configured to reach 8 kgo2/kgi_H2, as determined by the stoichiometry of the electrolysis reaction.
- the flow of target fluid 101 to be cooled is mainly dihydrogen
- the device 100 comprising a means 1025 for injecting the dihydrogen resulting from the means 175 for electrolysis of the water in the second heat exchanger 125.
- the closed circuit 120 has the function of accumulating cold temperatures in the first heat exchanger 105 to restore them in the second heat exchanger 125.
- This circuit 120 thus comprises, along the flow of intermediate refrigerant fluid, at least the two exchangers, 105 and 125 as well as a means 130 for compressing the intermediate refrigerant fluid coming from the second heat exchanger 125.
- This compression means 130 is, for example, a pump, preferably centrifugal.
- the compression means 130 is a turbocharger (“turbocompressor”), a mechanical or reciprocating compressor.
- the compression means 130 is configured to compress the intermediate refrigerant fluid 110 to a pressure of 3 bara.
- the optimal operating conditions of the present invention in the context of the use of an n-pentane are encountered for the defined parameters such as:
- the streams parameter values are:
- the second heat exchanger 125 is configured to cool the target fluid flow 101 with, in addition to the intermediate refrigerant fluid 110, a flow of refrigerant fluid 135, the device comprising a closed circuit 140 of refrigerant fluid, this circuit comprising:
- a third heat exchanger 160 configured to cool the flow of the target fluid by heat exchange with the coolant at low pressure
- the refrigerant fluid 135 can be of any type capable of accumulating cold temperatures in order to restore them to the target fluid flow 101.
- this refrigerant fluid 135 comprises at least partially nitrogen.
- this refrigerant fluid 135 comprises at least 75% nitrogen.
- this refrigerant fluid 135 consists entirely (except for impurities) of nitrogen.
- the refrigerant 135 is mainly:
- the refrigerant fluid 135 is a mixture of fluid mainly comprising one or more compounds from among methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane and their isomers.
- the purpose of the closed circuit 140 is not to release refrigerant fluid into the atmosphere and its purpose is for the refrigerant fluid 135 to accumulate cold temperatures and restore them in the second exchanger 125 and, after expansion by the means 155 expansion, this coolant 135 participates in the cooling of the target fluid 101 in the third, and optionally fourth, exchangers, 160 and/or 180.
- the refrigerant fluid 135 is compressed by the compression means 145.
- the compression means 145 is, for example, a turbocharger, a mechanical or reciprocating compressor.
- the compression means 145 is a pump, preferably centrifugal.
- several compressors or pumps are positioned in series to form the means 145 of compression.
- the compression means 145 is configured to compress the refrigerant fluid 135 from 1.1 bara to 50 bara.
- the mass flow ratio in the closed circuit 140 is 18 kgN2/kgi_H2.
- the compressed refrigerant fluid 135 (known as “high pressure”) is then reinjected into the second heat exchanger 125 via the insertion means 150.
- This insertion means 150 is, for example, a pipe configured to connect the output of the compression means 145 and the second heat exchanger 125.
- the second heat exchanger 125 is configured to lower the temperature of the compressed refrigerant fluid 135 to 200 K (-73° C.).
- the high-pressure refrigerant fluid 135 Downstream of the second passage in the second heat exchanger 125, the high-pressure refrigerant fluid 135 is expanded via the means 155 of expansion.
- This expansion means 155 is, for example, an expansion turbine, an expansion valve or a turboexpander.
- the expansion means 155 is configured to lower the pressure of the refrigerant fluid 135 from 50 bara to 1.1 bara, resulting in a lowering of the temperature of the refrigerant fluid 135 to 78.06 K.
- this fluid is injected into the third heat exchanger 160 via the insertion means 165.
- This means 165 of insertion is, for example, a dedicated tube configured to connect the output of the means 155 of expansion to the third exchanger 160 of heat.
- the device 100 further comprises a fourth heat exchanger 180 configured to cool the fluid 101 target.
- This fourth heat exchanger 180 is positioned downstream along the fluid circuit 101 entering the device through the inlet 1025.
- the insertion means 165 can be configured to inject the refrigerant fluid 135 at low pressure in the fourth exchanger 180, the refrigerant fluid 135 from the fourth exchanger 180 then being injected into the third exchanger 160 before being injected into the second exchanger 125.
- the fourth exchanger 180 is configured to perform a catalytic conversion from a target fluid flow 101 having a temperature below 100 K to produce a fluid flow 101 having a temperature of around 80 K.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a particular embodiment of the method 200 which is the subject of the present invention.
- This method 200 for cooling a flow of a target fluid comprises: - a first step 205 of heat exchange to cool an intermediate refrigerant fluid by heat exchange with an expanded flow of oxygen,
- the second stage 220 of heat exchange to cool the flow of the target fluid by heat exchange with the intermediate refrigerant fluid cooled during the first stage of heat exchange, the intermediate refrigerant fluid being configured to remain in the state liquid or supercritical at least during the performance of the compression step.
- the present invention is aimed at the use of a flow mainly of n-pentane in a supercritical or liquid state in a closed circuit to mainly cool a body by accumulation of cold temperatures during the heat exchange between a flow mainly of n -pentane compressed and a flow mainly of oxygen.
- the body is predominantly hydrogen flux.
- the body is predominantly a solid body.
- the present invention implements an intermediate refrigeration loop consisting of a liquid fluid which recovers the cooling power of the expanded oxygen directly at the outlet of the electrolyser.
- the present invention separates units using oxygen from units using hydrogen.
- the present invention allows the replacement of compressors compensating pressure drops by centrifugal pumps whose cost in capital and energy is much lower;
- the present invention makes it possible to increase the refrigeration power of the oxygen, because it is relaxed over a wider range of pressures.
- a last more situational benefit can be cited: compared to existing solutions using an inert gas such as neon, the present invention allows the reduction of the purchase cost of the intermediate coolant, the liquids envisaged being less expensive.
- the present invention is of interest in the cases of production of liquid hydrogen juxtaposed with the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water and where the recovery of oxygen is not profitable because of difficulty linked to its conditioning and /or its sale on the markets. This last condition seems to be met in particular, because the oxygen is most often simply released into the atmosphere.
- the present invention is also of interest in the case of production of liquid e-methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water where the recovery of oxygen is not profitable for the same reasons. Furthermore, the present invention has the advantage of reducing electricity consumption, which proves to be an asset revealing two trends:
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/555,997 US20240200867A1 (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-05-02 | Device and process for cooling a flow of a target fluid predominantly comprising dihydrogen, and associated use thereof |
BR112023022544A BR112023022544A2 (pt) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-05-02 | Dispositivo (100) para resfriar um fluxo (101) de um fluido alvo e método (200) para resfriar um fluxo de um fluido alvo |
AU2022266084A AU2022266084A1 (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-05-02 | Device and process for cooling a flow of a target fluid predominantly comprising dihydrogen, and associated use thereof |
EP22726730.9A EP4330611A1 (fr) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-05-02 | Dispositif et procédé de refroidissement d'un flux d'un fluide cible comportant majoritairement du dihydrogène et utilisation associée |
MX2023012731A MX2023012731A (es) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-05-02 | Dispositivo y metodo para enfriar un flujo de un flujo de fluido objetivo predominantemente que comprende dihidrogeno y uso del mismo. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FRFR2104594 | 2021-04-30 | ||
FR2104594A FR3122487B1 (fr) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Dispositif et procédé de refroidissement d’un flux d’un fluide cible et utilisation associée |
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WO2022229470A1 true WO2022229470A1 (fr) | 2022-11-03 |
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PCT/EP2022/061726 WO2022229470A1 (fr) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-05-02 | Dispositif et procédé de refroidissement d'un flux d'un fluide cible comportant majoritairement du dihydrogène et utilisation associée |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20240200867A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4330611A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2022266084A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112023022544A2 (fr) |
CL (1) | CL2023003229A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3122487B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2023012731A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022229470A1 (fr) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2142423A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1985-01-16 | Smith Dr Eric Murray | Production of liquid hydrogen |
-
2021
- 2021-04-30 FR FR2104594A patent/FR3122487B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-05-02 EP EP22726730.9A patent/EP4330611A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-05-02 BR BR112023022544A patent/BR112023022544A2/pt unknown
- 2022-05-02 US US18/555,997 patent/US20240200867A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-02 MX MX2023012731A patent/MX2023012731A/es unknown
- 2022-05-02 AU AU2022266084A patent/AU2022266084A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-02 WO PCT/EP2022/061726 patent/WO2022229470A1/fr active Application Filing
-
2023
- 2023-10-30 CL CL2023003229A patent/CL2023003229A1/es unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2142423A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1985-01-16 | Smith Dr Eric Murray | Production of liquid hydrogen |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
SMITH ET AL: "Liquid oxygen for aerospace applications", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 14, no. 11, 1 January 1989 (1989-01-01), pages 831 - 837, XP023640200, ISSN: 0360-3199, [retrieved on 19890101], DOI: 10.1016/0360-3199(89)90020-7 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20240200867A1 (en) | 2024-06-20 |
FR3122487A1 (fr) | 2022-11-04 |
BR112023022544A2 (pt) | 2024-01-02 |
EP4330611A1 (fr) | 2024-03-06 |
AU2022266084A1 (en) | 2023-10-05 |
CL2023003229A1 (es) | 2024-06-14 |
MX2023012731A (es) | 2023-11-08 |
FR3122487B1 (fr) | 2023-06-02 |
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