WO2022202566A1 - 血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法、血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤、医薬組成物、食品組成物 - Google Patents
血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法、血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤、医薬組成物、食品組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022202566A1 WO2022202566A1 PCT/JP2022/012042 JP2022012042W WO2022202566A1 WO 2022202566 A1 WO2022202566 A1 WO 2022202566A1 JP 2022012042 W JP2022012042 W JP 2022012042W WO 2022202566 A1 WO2022202566 A1 WO 2022202566A1
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration, an agent for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration, a pharmaceutical composition, and a food composition.
- MCTs medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides
- glycerin medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides
- MCTs are rapidly oxidized in the liver after ingestion and transported to various organs via blood as ketone bodies.
- the ketone bodies are used for epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, etc., because they serve as an energy source for mitochondria in cells and as energy for nerve cells.
- Non-Patent Document 1 As described above, many of the physiological functions of MCTs have been thought to be mediated by ketone bodies. It has been reported that it enhances muscle lipid oxidation capacity (Non-Patent Document 1). It has also been reported that medium-chain fatty acids with 10 carbon atoms enhance glucose-responsive insulin secretion in pancreatic ⁇ -cells (Non-Patent Document 2). Furthermore, it has been reported that a receptor (GPR84: G protein-coupled receptor 84) whose ligand is a medium-chain fatty acid with 10 to 12 carbon atoms is expressed in various organs (Non-Patent Document 3). It is expected to have the effect of increasing skeletal muscle mitochondria via
- ingested MCTs are metabolized into ketone bodies in the liver via the portal vein after being digested and absorbed.
- increasing the concentration of medium-chain fatty acids was difficult due to the aforementioned digestive and absorption characteristics.
- in order to increase the concentration of medium-chain fatty acids in peripheral blood it is necessary to ingest a large amount of MCT at one time, and there is also a problem that ingestion causes stomach discomfort.
- the present invention is a technique that can increase the concentration of decanoic acid in peripheral blood without ingesting a large amount of decanoic acid at once and deliver decanoic acid that is effective for manifesting physiological action to peripheral tissues.
- the present inventors have unexpectedly found that by ingesting triglycerides composed of decanoic acid and long-chain fatty acids, the concentration of decanoic acid in peripheral blood can be remarkably increased, and have completed the present invention. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- a method for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration by ingesting a triglyceride composed of decanoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid (2) The method for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration according to (1), wherein the triglyceride contains 50% by mass or more of a triglyceride in which two constituent fatty acids are decanoic acid and one is a long-chain fatty acid.
- a blood decanoic acid concentration-increasing agent containing, as an active ingredient, a triglyceride composed of decanoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid.
- the blood decanoic acid concentration-increasing agent according to any one of (7) to (10) is used for suppressing postprandial blood glucose level elevation, slimming, preventing obesity, or improving obesity. food composition.
- (13) Use of a triglyceride composed of decanoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid for the production of a blood decanoic acid concentration-increasing agent.
- the present invention by ingesting triglycerides composed of decanoic acid and long-chain fatty acids as constituent fatty acids, compared to a method in which only medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides whose constituent fatty acids are decanoic acid are ingested, decanoic acid in peripheral blood A technique is provided that can make the concentration higher.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing decanoic acid concentration in peripheral blood by the method for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention.
- the method for increasing the concentration of decanoic acid in blood is a method of increasing the concentration of decanoic acid in peripheral blood to a concentration at which a physiological action is expressed by ingesting a triglyceride composed of decanoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid. be.
- the method for increasing the blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention is compared to the case of ingesting triglycerides composed of only decanoic acid (hereinafter also referred to as tridecanoin) so that the intake of decanoic acid is the same. Therefore, it is preferable that the maximum peak concentration in peripheral blood is increased more than twice.
- the effect of increasing the decanoic acid concentration in the peripheral blood is superior to the case of ingesting tridecanoin. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the desired blood decanoic acid concentration with a smaller amount of tridecanoin than that of tridecanoin, and to reduce stomach discomfort when a large amount of tridecanoin is ingested.
- “increase in blood decanoic acid concentration” refers to increasing the decanoic acid concentration in peripheral blood to the extent that a desired physiological action is exhibited.
- the concentration of decanoic acid in peripheral blood is not particularly limited as long as the desired physiological action is expressed. ⁇ 500 ⁇ M, most preferably 10-200 ⁇ M.
- the decanoic acid concentration in peripheral blood can be measured by gas chromatography of the total lipid fraction in serum.
- the method of ingesting triglycerides whose constituent fatty acids are decanoic acid and long-chain fatty acids is preferably oral ingestion.
- decanoic acid in peripheral blood reaches skeletal muscle cells as decanoic acid without being metabolized into ketone bodies, directly and / or as a ligand of GPR84.
- skeletal muscle mitochondria and/or skeletal muscle lipid oxidation ability Therefore, since it is expected to have the effect of making a body fat-burnable constitution, prevention or improvement of obesity and slimming effect can be expected by reducing body fat and/or suppressing the accumulation of body fat.
- decanoic acid in peripheral blood is not metabolized into ketone bodies, and reaches and acts on pancreatic ⁇ cells as decanoic acid. It is thought that secretion can be enhanced. Therefore, it can be expected to have an effect of suppressing postprandial blood glucose level elevation and an effect of treating or preventing diabetes.
- the method for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention can be expected to enhance and enhance physiological effects expressed through GPR84 in addition to the above physiological effects.
- the triglyceride whose constituent fatty acids are decanoic acid and long-chain fatty acid is a triglyceride in which one or two decanoic acids are ester-bonded in the triglyceride molecule.
- a triglyceride in which one decanoic acid is in the triglyceride molecule and two long-chain fatty acids are ester-bonded (hereinafter also referred to as DL2), and two decanoic acids are in the triglyceride molecule, and It refers to a triglyceride consisting of one or two selected from triglycerides in which one long-chain fatty acid is ester-bonded (hereinafter also referred to as D2L).
- the long chain fatty acid that binds to DL2 may be a different long chain fatty acid.
- Decanoic acid in the present invention is n-decanoic acid.
- the long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and long-chain saturated fatty acids such as myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid.
- long-chain unsaturated fatty acids such as acids, ⁇ -linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and icosapentaenoic acid.
- the long-chain fatty acid is preferably an unsaturated fatty acid, more preferably oleic acid, because the effects of the present invention are likely to be obtained.
- the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the long-chain fatty acids is preferably 70 to 100% by mass, more preferably 80 to 98% by mass, most preferably 90%. ⁇ 96% by mass.
- the proportion of oleic acid in the long-chain fatty acids is preferably 70 to 100% by mass, more preferably 80 to 98% by mass, most preferably 90 to 96% by mass.
- the triglyceride whose constituent fatty acids are decanoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid preferably contains 50% by mass of a triglyceride (D2L) in which two constituent fatty acids are decanoic acid and one is a long-chain fatty acid in the total triglyceride.
- D2L triglyceride
- triglyceride molecular species whose constituent fatty acids are decanoic acid and long-chain fatty acids
- gas chromatography JOCS, vol70, 11, 1111-1114 (1993)
- silver ion column-HPLC method in accordance with J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 18, 105-107 (1995)
- the method for producing a triglyceride composed of decanoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid as constituent fatty acids is not particularly limited, but glycerin, decanoic acid, tridecanoin, long-chain fatty acid triglyceride (hereinafter also referred to as LCT), etc. is used as a raw material, a production method using conventionally known esterification reaction or transesterification reaction can be mentioned.
- an esterification reaction for example, it can be produced by heating and dehydrating condensation of fatty acid and glycerin under reduced pressure.
- transesterification reaction examples include chemical transesterification reaction using an inorganic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, and enzymatic transesterification reaction using lipase or the like.
- the transesterification reaction may be either selective transesterification or non-selective transesterification.
- decanoic acid and LCT are transesterified using an sn-1,3-specific enzyme to prepare a reactant containing triglycerides with decanoic acid and long-chain fatty acids as constituent fatty acids. obtain.
- there is a method of purifying the obtained reaction product to obtain D2L having decanoic acid at the sn-1 and 3 positions of the triglyceride and a long-chain fatty acid at the sn-2 position.
- the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid level of the present invention contains, as an active ingredient, a triglyceride composed of decanoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid.
- a triglyceride composed of decanoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid.
- the blood decanoic acid concentration increasing agent of the present invention may contain triglyceride molecular species other than DL2 and D2L as long as the effects of the present invention are not inhibited.
- examples of the triglyceride molecular species include MCT and LCT.
- the blood decanoic acid level increasing agent of the present invention may contain fats and oils containing the triglyceride molecular species. The fats and oils are not particularly limited as long as they are edible oils and fats.
- transesterified oils and fats obtained by transesterifying two or more of these oils and fats, hydrogenated oils and fats of these oils and fats, fractionated oils and fats of these oils and fats, and the like.
- the above oils and fats may be used alone, or two or more of them may be mixed and used.
- the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention preferably contains DL2 and/or D2L, which are active ingredients, in an amount of 50 to 100% by mass, more preferably 70 to 95% by mass, most preferably 80 to 90% by mass of total triglycerides. % by mass.
- D2L in the total triglycerides, D2L is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 50 to 100% by mass, even more preferably 70 to 100% by mass, most preferably 85 ⁇ It contains 100% by mass.
- the content of D2L is within the above range, the intake of decanoic acid increases, so that the effect of increasing blood decanoic acid concentration can be obtained.
- the method for producing DL2 and/or D2L which are the active ingredients of the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention, the effective blood concentration for expressing the desired physiological activity, and the expected health functions and pharmacological effects, It is the same as the method for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention.
- the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid level of the present invention can be applied to manufacture a pharmaceutical composition used for treatment or prevention of obesity or diabetes.
- a pharmaceutical composition used for the treatment or prevention of obesity or diabetes containing the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as "pharmaceutical composition of the present invention") has little concern about side effects and can be continued. It can be preferably used as a drug suitable for administration.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration from the viewpoint of facilitating continuous ingestion.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be solid, liquid or gel.
- compositions for oral administration include, for example, formulations such as capsules, tablets, pills, powders, fine granules, granules, liquids, and syrups.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably a composition containing the blood decanoic acid concentration increasing agent of the present invention and pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additives.
- pharmaceutically and pharmaceutically acceptable additive refers to an active ingredient that is commonly used as an excipient or the like in the pharmaceutical field and is contained in the blood decanoic acid concentration increasing agent of the present invention (i.e., DL2 and /or substances that do not react with D2L) can be used.
- the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be appropriately set according to the purpose of administration (prevention or treatment), administration method, administration period, and other conditions (eg, patient's symptoms, age, weight).
- the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 1 mg/kg body weight/day or more, more preferably 1 mg/kg body weight/day or more, in terms of the amount of decanoic acid in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. It can be set at 5 mg/kg body weight/day or more.
- the upper limit can be set to preferably 2500 mg/kg body weight/day or less, more preferably 1000 mg/kg body weight/day or less in terms of the amount of decanoic acid in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has little concern about side effects and is unlikely to interact with common active ingredients, it can be used in combination with existing drugs (anti-obesity drugs, anti-diabetic drugs, etc.). good. If the existing drug to be combined with the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is an antidiabetic drug, the dose of the existing drug may be reduced, and thus the side effects of the existing drug may be reduced.
- existing drugs anti-obesity drugs, anti-diabetic drugs, etc.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is suitable for continuous administration because there is little concern about side effects.
- the period of administration is not particularly limited, continuous intake is preferable when improvement in symptoms is observed in the prevention or treatment of diabetes or obesity.
- the administration may be performed at intervals of several hours during the period described above, or may be performed at intervals (eg, one day to several days).
- the agent for increasing the blood decanoic acid level of the present invention can be applied to produce a food composition used for suppressing postprandial blood glucose level elevation, slimming, preventing obesity, or improving obesity.
- the triglyceride (DL2 and/or D2L) which is the active ingredient of the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid level of the present invention, not only has little concern about side effects, but also hardly impairs the flavor and palatability of foods. Therefore, a food composition containing the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention and used for suppressing postprandial blood glucose level elevation, slimming, preventing obesity, or improving obesity (hereinafter also referred to as "food composition of the present invention"). ) can be preferably used as an easy-to-eat food.
- the forms of the food composition of the present invention include supplements, general foods, animal foods, and animal feeds.
- the food composition of the present invention may be solid, liquid, or gel.
- the form of the supplement is not particularly limited, and may be either a solid formulation or a liquid formulation.
- formulations such as tablets, coated tablets, capsules, granules, powders, powders, sustained-release formulations, suspensions, emulsions, oral liquids, sugar-coated tablets, pills, fine granules, syrups, elixirs, etc. mentioned.
- the form of general foods is not particularly limited. drinks, sports drinks, etc.), soups, seasoned processed foods (dressings, sauces, mayonnaise, butter, margarine, prepared margarine, etc.), fat spreads, shortenings, bakery mixes, frying oils, frying oils, fried foods, processed meat products, Frozen food, fried food, noodles, retort food, liquid food, swallowing food and the like.
- triglyceride which is the active ingredient of the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention, is used as it is as a raw material. , or part or all of the raw material oils and fats are preferably used by replacing them with the triglycerides.
- Triglycerides which are active ingredients of the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention, contained in all triglycerides in the food composition of the present invention are preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably. is 30% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass or more. Also, the upper limit is preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less. If it is the said range, it will be easy to ingest the food composition of this invention like general foods reasonably.
- the amount of intake of the food composition of the present invention can be appropriately set according to the purpose of intake (prevention or improvement), the period of intake, and other conditions (eg, symptoms, age, and body weight of the ingester).
- the lower limit is preferably 1 mg/kg body weight/day or more, more preferably 5 mg/kg body weight/day, in terms of the amount of decanoic acid in the food composition of the present invention.
- the upper limit can be set to preferably 2500 mg/kg body weight/day or less, more preferably 1000 mg/kg body weight/day or less in terms of the amount of decanoic acid in the food composition of the present invention.
- the food composition of the present invention may be labeled to the effect that it is used to suppress an increase in blood sugar level or improve hyperglycemia.
- the food composition of the present invention may be labeled as being used for preventing or improving obesity by reducing body fat and/or suppressing accumulation of body fat.
- body fat For example, “For people who are concerned about their weight”, “Increases metabolism”, “Helps reduce body fat in obese people”, “Increases ability to metabolize fat”, “Supports style”, " For those who are concerned about body fat”, “For those who are slightly overweight”, “For those who are concerned about their weight (BMI)", “Reduce weight and abdominal fat (visceral fat and subcutaneous fat)", “Waist Labels such as “reduce circumference length”, “lose weight”, “become ideal body”, “diet”, “slim”, etc. can be attached.
- triglycerides Various triglycerides (TG1-4) were prepared as described below.
- TG2 and TG3 are triglycerides composed of decanoic acid and a long-chain fatty acid (that is, the agent for increasing blood decanoic acid concentration of the present invention).
- the content of triglyceride molecular species in TG1-4 was measured by gas chromatography (JAOCS, vol70, 11, 1111-1114 (1993) and silver ion column-HPLC method (J. High Resol.
- TG1 A triglyceride (tridecanoin: manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group, Ltd.) whose constituent fatty acid is only decanoic acid was designated as TG1.
- the purified reaction oil and the ethyl decanoate are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:8, the same enzyme reaction and the same purification as above are performed, and decolorization and deodorization are performed by a conventional method to obtain TG2. rice field.
- TG3 Tridecanoin (manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group Co., Ltd.) and ethyl oleate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are mixed at a mass ratio of 8: 2, and sn-1,3 specific lipase ( (trade name: Lipozyme RMIM, manufactured by Novozyme) was added in an amount of 0.3% by mass based on the oil, and an enzymatic reaction was carried out at 50° C. for 10 hours while stirring in a reaction flask to obtain a reaction oil. Enzymes, free fatty acids and esters were removed from the reaction oil by a conventional method, and further decolorization and deodorization were carried out by a conventional method to obtain TG3.
- sn-1,3 specific lipase (trade name: Lipozyme RMIM, manufactured by Novozyme) was added in an amount of 0.3% by mass based on the oil, and an enzymatic reaction was carried out at
- TG4 Tridecanoin (manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group Co., Ltd.) and high oleic sunflower oil (product name: Nisshin sunflower oil, Nisshin OilliO Group Co., Ltd., triglyceride content 98% by mass) was mixed to obtain TG4.
- C10-P-C10 corresponds to D2L
- C10-O-C10 corresponds to DL2.
- Other corresponds to LCT.
- the acclimatization period was one week, and on the final day of the acclimatization period, after confirming that no abnormality in general condition was observed, body weight was measured using an electronic balance (GX-3000; A&D).
- Grouping software (Statlight; Yukms) was used so that the body weight of each group was almost equal, and the animals were divided into 6 groups for each test fat (6 animals in each group).
- Each TG was orally administered at a single dose of 1 mL/Body using a 1 mL disposable syringe and a disposable stomach tube for rats.
- blood was collected from the abdominal aorta under isoflurane inhalation anesthesia.
- a serum separator BD vacutainer blood collection tube, silica microparticles for coagulation promotion/serum separator; Nippon Becton Dickinson Co., Ltd.
- H-60R small refrigerated centrifuge
- TG1 administration group significant differences were observed among the TG1 administration group, the TG2 or TG3 administration group, and the TG4 administration group (Fig. 1).
- the TG2 or TG3 administration group showed a 9-fold increase in blood decanoic acid concentration compared to the TG1 administration group, and an approximately 2.5-fold increase in blood decanoic acid concentration compared to the TG4 administration group. Therefore, ingestion of triglycerides, such as TG2 and TG3, whose constituent fatty acids are decanoic acid and long-chain fatty acids, can effectively increase the blood decanoic acid concentration, so that slimming, prevention or improvement of obesity, postprandial Effects such as suppression of blood sugar level elevation and diabetes treatment or prevention could be expected.
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Abstract
Description
さらに、炭素数10~12の中鎖脂肪酸をリガンドとするレセプター(GPR84:G protein-coupled receptor 84)が様々な臓器に発現していることが報告されており(非特許文献3)、同レセプターを介して骨格筋ミトコンドリアを増加させ(非特許文献4)、体脂肪を燃焼しやすい体質にする効果が期待されている。
(2)前記トリグリセリド中に、構成脂肪酸の2つがデカン酸及び1つが長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを50質量%以上含有する、(1)に記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
(3)前記長鎖脂肪酸が不飽和脂肪酸である、(1)又は(2)に記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
(4)前記不飽和脂肪酸がオレイン酸である、(3)に記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
(5)血中デカン酸濃度を上昇させることにより、痩身、肥満予防、又は肥満改善する、(1)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
(6)血中デカン酸濃度を上昇させることにより、食後の血糖値上昇抑制、糖尿病治療、又は糖尿病予防する、(1)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
(7)構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを有効成分とする、血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤。
(8)前記トリグリセリド中に、構成脂肪酸の2つがデカン酸及び1つが長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを50質量%以上含有する、(7)に記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤。
(9)前記長鎖脂肪酸が不飽和脂肪酸である、(7)又は(8)に記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤。
(10)前記不飽和脂肪酸がオレイン酸である、(9)に記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤。
(11)(7)~(10)のいずれかに記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤を含む、肥満又は糖尿病の治療又は予防に使用される医薬組成物。
(12)(7)~(10)のいずれかに記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤を含む、食後の血糖値上昇抑制、痩身、肥満予防、又は肥満改善のいずれか1つに使用される食品組成物。
(13)血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤の製造のための、構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドの使用。
本発明の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法は、構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを摂取することにより、末梢血中のデカン酸濃度を、生理作用が発現する濃度まで高める方法である。また、本発明の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法は、デカン酸の摂取量が同じとなるように、構成脂肪酸がデカン酸のみからなるトリグリセリド(以下、トリデカノインともいう。)を摂取した場合と比べて、末梢血中の最高ピーク濃度が2倍以上に上昇することが好ましい。
本発明において、構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを摂取する方法は、好ましくは経口摂取である。
本発明における、構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドは、該トリグリセリドの分子内に1つ又は2つのデカン酸が、エステル結合したトリグリセリドである。具体的には、トリグリセリドの分子内にデカン酸が1つ、及び長鎖脂肪酸が2つエステル結合したトリグリセリド(以下、DL2ともいう。)、並びに、トリグリセリドの分子内にデカン酸が2つ、及び長鎖脂肪酸が1つエステル結合したトリグリセリド(以下、D2Lともいう。)から選ばれる1種又は2種からなるトリグリセリドを指す。DL2に結合する長鎖脂肪酸は異なる長鎖脂肪酸でもよい。なお、本発明におけるデカン酸は、n-デカン酸である。
DL2及び/またはD2Lの全構成脂肪酸中の長鎖脂肪酸において、該長鎖脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の割合は、好ましくは70~100質量%、より好ましくは80~98質量%、最も好ましくは90~96質量%である。また、DL2及び/またはD2Lの全構成脂肪酸中の長鎖脂肪酸において、該長鎖脂肪酸に占めるオレイン酸の割合は、好ましくは70~100質量%、より好ましくは80~98質量%、最も好ましくは90~96質量%である。不飽和脂肪酸、又はオレイン酸の割合が上記の範囲にあると、本発明の効果を奏しやすい。
例えば、D2Lを製造する場合、デカン酸とLCTとを、sn-1,3位特異性酵素を用いてエステル交換反応してデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸とするトリグリセリドを含有する反応物を得る。次に、得られた反応物を精製して、トリグリセリドのsn-1,3位がデカン酸、sn-2位が長鎖脂肪酸であるD2Lを得る方法が挙げられる。
本発明の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤は、構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを有効成分とする。そして、本発明の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤を摂取することで、末梢血中のデカン酸濃度を、生理作用が発現する濃度まで高めることができる。
本発明の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤は、トリデカノインを摂取した場合よりも、末梢血中のデカン酸濃度を高める効果に優れる。したがって、トリデカノインを摂取するよりも少量の摂取で、所望の血中デカン酸濃度を得ることができ、さらには、トリデカノインを多く摂取した際の胃部不快感も低減することができる。
本発明の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤は、肥満又は糖尿病の治療又は予防に使用される医薬組成物の製造のために適用できる。本発明の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤を含む肥満又は糖尿病の治療又は予防に使用される医薬組成物(以下、「本発明の医薬組成物」ともいう。)は、副作用の懸念が少なく、継続投与に適した医薬品として好ましく利用できる。
本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、経口投与の場合、下限値を、本発明の医薬組成物中のデカン酸の量に換算して、好ましくは1mg/kg体重/日以上、さらに好ましくは5mg/kg体重/日以上に設定できる。上限値については、本発明の医薬組成物中のデカン酸の量に換算して、好ましくは2500mg/kg体重/日以下、さらに好ましくは1000mg/kg体重/日以下に設定できる。
本発明の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤は、食後の血糖値上昇抑制、痩身、肥満予防、又は肥満改善に使用される食品組成物の製造のために適用できる。本発明の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤の有効成分であるトリグリセリド(DL2及び/またはD2L)は、副作用の懸念が少ないだけではなく、食品の風味や嗜好性を損ないにくい。そのため、本発明の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤を含む食後の血糖値上昇抑制、痩身、肥満予防、又は肥満改善に使用される食品組成物(以下、「本発明の食品組成物」ともいう。)は摂食しやすい食品として好ましく利用できる。
本発明の食品組成物の摂取量は、下限値を、本発明の食品組成物中のデカン酸の量に換算して、好ましくは1mg/kg体重/日以上、さらに好ましくは5mg/kg体重/日以上に設定できる。上限値については、本発明の食品組成物中のデカン酸の量に換算して、好ましくは2500mg/kg体重/日以下、さらに好ましくは1000mg/kg体重/日以下に設定できる。
以下に記載するとおり、各種トリグリセリド(TG1~4)を準備した。なお、構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリド(すなわち、本発明の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤)は、TG2及びTG3である。
TG1~4中のトリグリセリド分子種の含有量を、ガスクロマトグラフ法(JAOCS,vol70,11,1111-1114(1993)及び、銀イオンカラム-HPLC法(J.High Resol.Chromatogr.,18,105-107(1995)準拠)を用いて測定した。また、各種トリグリセリド中の脂肪酸組成を、日本油化学会制定「基準油脂分析試験法 2.4.2.3-2013 脂肪酸組成(キャピラリーガスクロマトグラフ法)」に準拠して測定した。測定結果を表1及び2に示した。
構成脂肪酸がデカン酸のみからなるトリグリセリド(トリデカノイン:日清オイリオグループ(株)製造品)をTG1とした。
ハイオレイックひまわり油(商品名:日清ひまわり油、日清オイリオグループ(株)製)と、デカン酸エチル(東京化成(株)製)とを質量比4:6で混合し、sn-1,3位特異性リパ-ゼ(商品名:Lipozyme RMIM、ノボザイム社製)を対油0.3質量%となるように添加し、反応フラスコ中で撹拌しながら50℃で24時間酵素反応を行い、反応油を得た。前記反応油から常法により酵素、遊離脂肪酸、及びエステルを除去し、精製反応油を得た。前記精製反応油と、前記デカン酸エチルとを質量比2:8で混合し、上記と同じ酵素反応、及び、上記と同じ精製を行い、さらに、常法により脱色と脱臭を行い、TG2を得た。
トリデカノイン(日清オイリオグループ(株)製造品)と、オレイン酸エチル(和光純薬工業(株)製)とを質量比8:2で混合し、sn-1,3位特異性リパ-ゼ(商品名:Lipozyme RMIM、ノボザイム社製)を対油0.3質量%となるように添加し、反応フラスコ中で撹拌しながら50℃で10時間酵素反応を行い、反応油を得た。前記反応油から常法により酵素、遊離脂肪酸、及びエステルを除去し、さらに、さらに、常法により脱色と脱臭を行い、TG3を得た。
トリグリセリドの全構成脂肪酸中のデカン酸含量が、TG2のデカン酸含量と同等となるように、トリデカノイン(日清オイリオグループ(株)製造品)と、ハイオレイックひまわり油(商品名:日清ひまわり油、日清オイリオグループ(株)製、トリグリセリド含有量98質量%)とを混合して、TG4を得た。
7週齢のSD系雄性ラット(日本SLC)をTPX製ケージ(W21.8×D37.3×H18.1cm)を用いて3匹以下/ケージで飼育した。飼育期間を通して、放射線滅菌された固形飼料「ラボMRストック」(日本農産工業株式会社)を自由摂取させ、試験油脂投与の約16時間前から絶食させた。飲料水は、給水瓶を用いて蒸留水を自由摂取させた。馴化期間は1週間とし、馴化期間最終日に、一般状態の異常が認められないことを確認して、電子天秤(GX-3000;A&D)を用いて体重を測定した。体重が各群ほぼ均等になるように群分けソフト(Statlight;Yukms)を用いて、試験油脂ごとに6群に振り分けた(各群6匹)。
したがって、TG2及びTG3のような、構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドの摂取は、血中デカン酸濃度を効果的に上昇することができるので、痩身、肥満予防又は改善、食後の血糖値上昇抑制、糖尿病治療又は予防等の効果が期待できた。
Claims (13)
- 構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを摂取することによる、血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
- 前記トリグリセリド中に、構成脂肪酸の2つがデカン酸及び1つが長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを50質量%以上含有する、請求項1に記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
- 前記長鎖脂肪酸が不飽和脂肪酸である、請求項1又は2に記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
- 前記不飽和脂肪酸がオレイン酸である、請求項3に記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
- 血中デカン酸濃度を上昇させることにより、痩身、肥満予防、又は肥満改善する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
- 血中デカン酸濃度を上昇させることにより、食後の血糖値上昇抑制、糖尿病治療、又は糖尿病予防する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の血中デカン酸濃度の上昇方法。
- 構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを有効成分とする、血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤。
- 前記トリグリセリド中に、構成脂肪酸の2つがデカン酸及び1つが長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドを50質量%以上含有する、請求項7に記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤。
- 前記長鎖脂肪酸が不飽和脂肪酸である、請求項7又は8に記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤。
- 前記不飽和脂肪酸がオレイン酸である、請求項9に記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤。
- 請求項7~10のいずれかに記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤を含む、肥満又は糖尿病の治療又は予防に使用される医薬組成物。
- 請求項7~10のいずれかに記載の血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤を含む、食後の血糖値上昇抑制、痩身、肥満予防、又は肥満改善のいずれか1つに使用される食品組成物。
- 血中デカン酸濃度上昇剤の製造のための、構成脂肪酸がデカン酸及び長鎖脂肪酸からなるトリグリセリドの使用。
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