WO2022137465A1 - 導波菅 - Google Patents
導波菅 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022137465A1 WO2022137465A1 PCT/JP2020/048576 JP2020048576W WO2022137465A1 WO 2022137465 A1 WO2022137465 A1 WO 2022137465A1 JP 2020048576 W JP2020048576 W JP 2020048576W WO 2022137465 A1 WO2022137465 A1 WO 2022137465A1
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- waveguide
- phase shifter
- width
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- dielectric
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
- H01P1/182—Waveguide phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
- H01P5/022—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions
- H01P5/024—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions between hollow waveguides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides
- H01P5/182—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides the waveguides being arranged in parallel
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to waveguides.
- MIMO Micro-Input Multi-Output
- OAM Organic Angular Momentum, orbital angle
- Multiplex transmission technology see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1.
- Various spatial multiplex transmission techniques such as are proposed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 each radio wave of a plurality of OAM modes generated by using an evenly spaced circular array antenna (UCA, Uniform Circular Array) in which a plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a circle at equal intervals and a butler matrix circuit is transmitted. Discloses that spatial multiplex transmission of different signal sequences is performed.
- UCA evenly spaced circular array antenna
- the amount of calculation is proportional to the power of the number of antennas and the bandwidth, so it is promising to reduce the amount of calculation by analogizing some or all of the processing. be.
- analogization when the bandwidth becomes wide band due to the use of a high frequency for communication or the like, the reflection loss in the analog circuit may become a problem.
- the purpose is to provide technology that can improve low reflection loss characteristics.
- One idea is to provide a waveguide in which the width of the waveguide is set so that the characteristic impedance of the lowest order mode in the waveguide changes according to a predetermined function.
- the low reflection loss characteristic can be improved.
- phase shifter 300 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the phase shifter 300 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the phase shifter 300 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the performance of the phase shifter 300 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the performance of the phase shifter 300 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining an example of the structure of the phase transfer device 300 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure of the 3dB coupler 200 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure of the 3dB coupler 200 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the performance of 3dB coupler 200 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure of the crossing device 500 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure of the crossing device 500 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure of the crossing device 500 which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure explaining the performance of the crossing device 500 which concerns on embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the circuit 10 according to the embodiment.
- the circuit 10 is an 8 ⁇ 8 Butler matrix circuit.
- the circuit 10 may be used by being connected to a UCA (Uniform Circular Array) of a transmitting station or a receiving station that performs multiplex transmission using, for example, an OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum).
- UCA Uniform Circular Array
- OAM Orbital Angular Momentum
- the waveguides (waveguides), phase shifters, 3 dB couplers, and the like of the present disclosure can be used not only in butler matrix circuits but also in circuits for transmitting and receiving various signals.
- the circuit 10 has input units (ports) 101 to 108 for inputting signals and output units (ports) 111 to 118 for outputting signals. Further, the circuit 10 includes a 3 dB coupler 211 to 214, 221 to 224, 231 to 234 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “3 dB coupler 200” when it is not necessary to distinguish them), and a phase shifter 311. It has 314, 321 to 324, 331 to 337 (hereinafter, when it is not necessary to distinguish them, it is also simply referred to as "phase shifter 300").
- the 3dB coupler 200 is a device that demultiplexes and combines electromagnetic waves such as optical signals.
- the phase shifter 300 is a device that gives a relative phase shift difference to each path. In the example of FIG. 1, the phase shift difference with respect to the path (waveguide) not passing through the phase shifter 300 as a reference (0) is expressed in radians.
- Waveguide (waveguide) 411 and the like (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "waveguide 400").
- the waveguide 400 may be, for example, a hollow waveguide having a square cross-sectional shape (square waveguide). Further, the waveguide 400 may be a metal tube (circular waveguide) having a circular cross section.
- crossing device 500 Crossing device 500
- the width and the dielectric constant of the waveguide 400 of the waveguide 400 and the phase shifter 300 and the like is determined based on the characteristic impedance at the angular frequency of the lowest order mode of the waveguide.
- various parameters correlating with the characteristic impedance for example, the effective permittivity
- the characteristic impedance when a certain rectangular waveguide is filled with a dielectric having a relative permittivity of ⁇ r is expressed by the formula (9) described later, the effective dielectric constant inside the waveguide having an arbitrary dielectric density. Can be calculated back from the value of the characteristic impedance.
- the waveguide 400 according to the embodiment has a dielectric density in the waveguide 400 and a width of the waveguide 400 so that the characteristic impedance of the lowest order mode in the waveguide 400 changes according to a predetermined function. At least one of them is set (formed, processed, configured).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method of designing the waveguide 400 according to the embodiment.
- the waveguide 400 has an angular frequency ⁇ c of the lowest order mode in the waveguide 400, where x is the direction in which the waveguide 400 extends.
- the characteristic impedance Z c (x) in the above is designed to decrease monotonically (for example, change linearly) between predetermined lengths L.
- the shape of the waveguide or the effective permittivity in the waveguide can be adjusted so that the characteristic impedance of the basic mode of the waveguide changes linearly and the reflection loss at a desired frequency is minimized. Therefore, the width of the waveguide and the filling medium can be converted over a wide band with low return loss.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the waveguide 400 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of the waveguide 400 in the case where the dielectric constant inside the waveguide 400 is changed so as to have the characteristic impedance shown in FIG. 2 described above.
- the dielectric material filled in the waveguide 400 is processed to form an air layer having an arbitrary shape, and the effective dielectric constant with respect to electromagnetic waves is changed.
- the diameter d of the hollow portion not filled with the body is shown.
- the center of the diameter d of the hollow portion is the same as the center of the width a1 inside the waveguide 400.
- the diameter d and the predetermined length L at each position x in the direction in which the waveguide 400 extends are determined based on the following equation (2).
- ⁇ c is the angular frequency
- ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
- ⁇ ⁇ is the relative permittivity of the dielectric
- k 0 is the number of waves in vacuum.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the performance of the waveguide 400 according to the embodiment.
- the frequency (GHz) of the signal transmitted through the waveguide 400 shown in FIG. 3 is the horizontal axis
- the attenuation degree (reflection loss, dB) of the signal is the vertical axis
- each frequency at each L value is shown.
- the electromagnetic field analysis result of the attenuation degree in is shown.
- the equation (3) shows the conditions for the length of the portion where the width a inside the waveguide 400 or the like changes to be non-reflective at a predetermined frequency.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the waveguide 400 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows another example of a cross-sectional view of the waveguide 400 in the case where the dielectric constant inside the waveguide 400 is changed so as to have the characteristic impedance shown in FIG. 2 described above.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the waveguide 400 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of the waveguide 400 in the case where the inner width of the waveguide 400 is changed so as to have the characteristic impedance shown in FIG. 2 described above.
- the width of the waveguide is changed according to a predetermined function.
- the metal walls 601 and 602 in the cross-sectional view of the waveguide 400, the original inner width a1 of the waveguide 400, and the inner width a after the inner width a changes in the predetermined length L. 2 is shown.
- the inner width a at each position x in the direction in which the waveguide 400 extends is determined based on the following equation (4).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the performance of the waveguide 400 according to the embodiment.
- the frequency (GHz) of the signal transmitted through the waveguide 400 shown in FIG. 6 is the horizontal axis
- the attenuation degree (reflection loss, dB) of the signal is the vertical axis at each frequency at each L value.
- the electromagnetic field analysis result of the attenuation degree of is shown.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the waveguide 400 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the waveguide 400 when the density of the dielectric in the waveguide 400 and the inner width of the waveguide 400 are changed so as to have the characteristic impedance shown in FIG. 2 described above. An example of is shown.
- the diameter d of the filling portion filled with the dielectric inside the waveguide 400 is shown.
- the center of the diameter d of the filling portion is the same as the center of the widths a1 and a2 inside the waveguide 400.
- the inner width a at each position x in the direction in which the waveguide 400 extends is determined based on the following equations (5), (6), and (7).
- f (q) in equation (7) may be any function that monotonically decreases from 1 to 0.
- f (q) in the equation (7) may be a function as in the following equation (8).
- the phase shifter 300 has a width of the phase shifter 300 (width inside the phase shifter 300) and a shift so that the characteristic impedance of the lowest order mode in the phase shifter changes according to a predetermined function. At least one of the densities of the dielectric in the phase device 300 is set (formed, processed, configured).
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating the phase shifter 300 according to the embodiment.
- a cross-sectional view of the waveguide 400 which is the target of the relative phase shift difference ⁇ by the phase shifter 300, and the phase shifter 300 arranged in the waveguide 400 is shown.
- the waveguide 400 has metal walls 901 and 902
- the phase shifter 300 has metal walls 903 and 904.
- the phase of the signal guided in the phase shifter 300 is shifted by ⁇ by the phase shifter 300. Therefore, the phase difference (relative phase difference) between the phase of the signal guided in the phase shifter 300 and the phase of the signal guided in the waveguide 400 is ⁇ .
- FIG. 9B, 9C, 9D, and 9E are diagrams illustrating the phase shifter 300 according to the embodiment.
- 9B, 9C, and 9D are diagrams illustrating a method of designing the phase shifter 300 according to the embodiment.
- the lower figure of FIG. 9B and FIG. 9E show an example of the configuration of the phase shifter 300 according to the embodiment.
- An example of a cross-sectional view of the phase shifter 300 is shown in the lower part of FIG. 9B, and FIG. 9E shows a three-dimensional cross section of the phase shifter 300.
- the direction in which the phase shifter 300 extends is x, and the characteristic impedance Z c (x) of the basic mode (lowest order mode) in the phase shifter 300 (waveguide) is set.
- the inner width of the phase shifter 300 varies from a 0 (eg, the initial value of the inner width of the waveguide) to a 1 and monotonically decreases (eg, linearly) between the predetermined length Lt of the first part. It is designed to change) and monotonically increase (eg, change linearly) between predetermined lengths Lt of the second portion where the inner width changes between a1 and a0 .
- the reflection loss in the waveguide in the phase shifter 300 can be reduced.
- the phase shift amount of the waveguide 400 which is the target of the relative phase shift difference ⁇ by the phase shifter 300, is ⁇ g0
- the phase shift amount of the first part and the second part of the phase shifter 300 is ⁇ t
- the first part and the first part are constant.
- the phase quantities ⁇ g0 , ⁇ t , and ⁇ g 1 are functions for each frequency ⁇ in each part and each variable related to the structure of the waveguide.
- the characteristic impedance Z c (x) decreases monotonically in the first part and increases monotonically in the second part, and then the variables related to the structure of the waveguide are determined by the following equation (9). do. Thereby, for example, a desired phase shift difference can be obtained while reducing the reflection loss over a wide band.
- phase shift amount ⁇ g of the waveguide 400 (linear waveguide) having a constant inner width in FIG. 9C is represented by the equation (9) and the following equation (10).
- phase shift amount ⁇ t in the first portion and the second portion (tapered portion) where the inner width of FIG. 9D changes is represented by the equation (9) and the following equation (11).
- each phase quantity ⁇ g0 , ⁇ t , ⁇ g 1 is specifically represented by each variable (L g 0 , L g 1, a 1 ) relating to the structure of the waveguide.
- L g0 is the length of the waveguide 400 which is the target of the relative phase shift difference ⁇ by the phase shifter 300.
- the phase shifter 300 has the relative phase shift difference at the center frequency in each waveguide and the slope of the dispersion curve between the two waveguides (the phase shifter 300 and the waveguide 400 in FIG. 9A).
- the width of the waveguide can be changed. Therefore, a desired phase shift difference can be obtained while reducing the reflection loss in the waveguide over a wide band.
- ⁇ s in the upper equation of equation (12) is the relative phase difference ( ⁇ in FIG. 9A) due to the phase shifter 300.
- FIG. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating the performance of the phase shifter 300 according to the embodiment.
- the electromagnetic field analysis result of the error 1002 between the relative phase difference 1001 at each frequency and the desired relative phase difference in the case of 0.6 mm is shown.
- FIG. 10B the frequency (GHz) of the signal transmitted through the phase shifter 300 shown in the lower part of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the phase shifter 300 according to the embodiment.
- the waveguide 400 has metal walls 1101 and 1102, and the inside of the waveguide 400 is filled with a predetermined dielectric.
- the phase shifter 300 has a metal wall 1103 and 1104, the internal region 1106 of the phase shifter 300 is hollow (filled with air), and the other region 1107 is filled with a predetermined dielectric. ing.
- the phase of the signal guided in the phase shifter 300 is shifted by ⁇ by the phase shifter 300. Therefore, the phase difference (relative phase difference) between the phase of the signal guided in the phase shifter 300 and the phase of the signal guided in the waveguide 400 is ⁇ .
- the phase shifter 300 has the direction in which the phase shifter 300 extends is x, as in the upper diagram of FIG. 9B, and the basic mode (lowest order mode) in the phase shifter 300 (waveguide).
- the characteristic impedance Z c (x) of is monotonically decreased (for example, linearly changed) between the predetermined length Lt of the first portion and monotonically increased (for example, linearly changed) between the predetermined length Lt of the second portion. Designed to do. Thereby, for example, the reflection loss in the waveguide in the phase shifter 300 can be reduced.
- each guide is connected between the two waveguides (phase shifter 300 and waveguide 400).
- the dielectric density in the phase shifter 300 can be changed so that the relative phase shift difference at the center frequency in the waveguide and the slope of the dispersion curve are aligned. Therefore, a desired phase shift difference can be obtained while reducing the reflection loss in the waveguide over a wide band.
- the 3dB coupler 200 is input to the input portion of the first waveguide due to the change in the density of the dielectric in the coupling portion between the first waveguide and the second waveguide arranged in parallel.
- the signal is divided into equal parts and output to the output section of the first waveguide and the output section of the second waveguide, and the signal input to the input section of the second waveguide is divided into the output section of the first waveguide and the second one. 2 Divide into equal parts and output to the output section of the waveguide.
- a dielectric is processed or another dielectric is filled in a coupling portion of a plurality of waveguides (dielectric-filled waveguides) filled with a dielectric.
- the dielectric density (effective dielectric constant) has changed due to such factors. This adjusts the amount of coupling between parallel waveguides. Thereby, for example, the degree of freedom in circuit design can be improved, and better low reflection loss characteristics, transmitted power, and phase characteristics can be obtained in a wide band.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating the configuration of the 3dB coupler 200 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 12A shows a three-dimensional cross section of the 3 dB coupler 200 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 12B shows a cross-sectional view of the 3 dB coupler 200 according to the embodiment.
- the inside of the 3dB coupler 200 is filled with a dielectric. Further, the 3dB coupler 200 is provided with input units 121 and 122 and output units 123 and 124. The signal input from the input unit 121 is equally divided and output to the output unit 123 and the output unit 124. Further, the signal input from the input unit 122 is also divided into equal parts and output to the output unit 123 and the output unit 124.
- a metal wall 1211 extending in parallel with the extending direction of the 3dB coupler 200 is provided between the input unit 121 and the input unit 122, and between the output unit 123 and the output unit 124.
- the metal wall 1211 has a gap having a predetermined length of 127, and a hollow portion 1212 having a width of 128 and a length of 129 extending in parallel with the extending direction of the 3 dB coupler 200 is provided in the gap.
- the center position of the hollow portion 1212 in the width direction may be the same as the center position in the width direction of the metal wall 1211 (center position in the width direction of the 3 dB coupler 200).
- the hollow portion 1212 has a target shape on a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the 3 dB coupler 200 extends (the direction in which the signal is propagated).
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the performance of the 3 dB coupler 200 according to the embodiment.
- the frequency (GHz) of the signal transmitted through the 3 dB coupler 200 is the horizontal axis
- the attenuation degree (dB) of the signal is the vertical axis
- the attenuation degrees 1313 and 1314 due to branching at each frequency are shown at each frequency. Examples of attenuation degrees 1311 and 1312 are shown.
- the attenuation degree 1311 indicates the degree of attenuation of the power of the signal input from the input unit 121 and output from the input unit 121. Further, the attenuation degree 1312 indicates the attenuation degree of the electric power of the signal input from the input unit 121 and output from the input unit 122. Further, the attenuation degree 1314 indicates the attenuation degree of the electric power of the signal input from the input unit 121 and output from the output unit 123. Further, the attenuation degree 1313 indicates the attenuation degree of the electric power of the signal input from the input unit 121 and output from the output unit 124. In the example of FIG. 13, it is shown that the reflection loss is small in the desired frequency band of 140 to 150 GHz and is close to -3 dB so that the input signal is evenly distributed to each output.
- the crossover 500 according to the embodiment is input to the input portion of the first waveguide due to the change in the density of the dielectric in the coupling portion between the first waveguide and the second waveguide arranged in parallel.
- the signal is output only to the output section of the second waveguide, and the signal input to the input section of the second waveguide is output only to the output section of the first waveguide.
- the crossing device 500 has a dielectric in a coupling portion of a plurality of waveguides (dielectric-filled waveguides) filled with a dielectric, similarly to the above-mentioned 3 dB coupler 200.
- the dielectric density (effective dielectric constant) is changed by processing or filling with another dielectric. This adjusts the amount of coupling between parallel waveguides.
- the degree of freedom in circuit design can be improved, and better low reflection loss characteristics, transmitted power, and phase characteristics can be obtained in a wide band.
- FIG. 14A and 14B are diagrams illustrating the configuration of the crossing device 500 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 14A shows a three-dimensional cross section of the cross section according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 14B shows a cross-sectional view of the cross section 500 according to the embodiment.
- the 3dB coupler 200 is provided with input units 141 and 142 and output units 143 and 144.
- the signal input from the input unit 141 is output only from the output unit 144.
- the signal input from the input unit 142 is output only from the output unit 143.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the performance of the crossing device 500 according to the embodiment.
- the frequency (GHz) of the signal transmitted through the crossover 500 is taken as the horizontal axis
- the attenuation degree (dB) of the signal is taken as the vertical axis. Examples of attenuation degrees 1511, 1512, 1513 are shown.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施形態に係る回路10の構成の一例について説明する図である。図1の例では、回路10は8×8のバトラーマトリクス回路(Butler matrix)である。回路10は、例えば、OAM(Orbital Angular Momentum)等を用いた多重伝送を行う送信局または受信局のUCA(Uniform Circular Array)に接続されて用いられてもよい。なお、本開示の導波管(導波路)、移相器、及び3dBカプラ(3dB coupler)等は、バトラーマトリクス回路に限らず、各種の信号を送受信するための回路に用いることができる。
実施形態に係る導波管400は、導波管400内の最低次モードの特性インピーダンスが所定の関数に従って変化するように、導波管400内の誘電体の密度と導波管400の幅との少なくとも一方が設定(形成、加工、構成)されている。
図3は、実施形態に係る導波管400の構成の一例について説明する図である。図3には、上述した図2に示す特性インピーダンスとなるように導波管400の内部の誘電率を変化させる場合の導波管400の断面図の例が示されている。図3の例では、導波管400内に充填されている誘電体を加工して任意の形状の空気層を形成し、電磁波に対する実効誘電率を変化させている。
図6は、実施形態に係る導波管400の構成の一例について説明する図である。図6には、上述した図2に示す特性インピーダンスとなるように導波管400の内側の幅を変化させる場合の導波管400の断面図の例が示されている。図6の例では、導波路の幅を所定の関数に従って変化させている。
図8は、実施形態に係る導波管400の構成の一例について説明する図である。図8には、上述した図2に示す特性インピーダンスとなるように導波管400内の誘電体の密度等と導波管400の内側の幅とを変化させる場合の導波管400の断面図の例が示されている。
実施形態に係る移相器300は、移相器内の最低次モードの特性インピーダンスが所定の関数に従って変化するように、移相器300の幅(移相器300の内側の幅)、及び移相器300内の誘電体の密度の少なくとも一方が設定(形成、加工、構成)されている。
図9B、図9C、図9D、及び図9Eは、実施形態に係る移相器300について説明する図である。図9Bの上段の図、図9C、及び図9Dは、実施形態に係る移相器300の設計方法について説明する図である。図9Bの下段の図、図9Eには、実施形態に係る移相器300の構成の一例が示されている。図9Bの下段の図には、移相器300の断面図の一例が示されており、図9Eには、移相器300の断面が立体的に示されている。
図11は、実施形態に係る移相器300の構成の一例について説明する図である。図11の例では、導波管400は、金属壁1101、1102を有し、導波管400の内部に所定の誘電体が充填されている。また、移相器300は、金属壁1103、1104を有し、移相器300の内部の領域1106は中空(空気が充填)されており、他の領域1107には所定の誘電体が充填されている。図9Bの例と同様に、移相器300により、移相器300内を導波する信号の位相は、φだけ移されている。そのため、移相器300内を導波する信号の位相と、導波管400内を導波する信号の位相との位相差(相対位相差)はφとなる。
実施形態に係る3dBカプラ200は、並行に配置された第1導波路と第2導波路との結合部分における誘電体の密度が変化していることにより、第1導波路の入力部に入力された信号を第1導波路の出力部と第2導波路の出力部に等分に分岐させて出力し、第2導波路の入力部に入力された信号を第1導波路の出力部と第2導波路の出力部に等分に分岐させて出力させる。これにより、例えば、広帯域にわたって反射損失を低減しつつ、任意の透過電力配分及び透過位相特性を得ることができる。
実施形態に係る交差器500は、並行に配置された第1導波路と第2導波路との結合部分における誘電体の密度が変化していることにより、第1導波路の入力部に入力された信号を第2導波路の出力部のみに出力し、第2導波路の入力部に入力された信号を第1導波路の出力部のみに出力させる。これにより、例えば、広帯域にわたって反射損失を低減しつつ、任意の透過電力配分及び透過位相特性を得ることができる。
200 3dBカプラ
300 移相器
400 導波管
500 交差器
Claims (4)
- 導波管であって、
前記導波管内の最低次モードの特性インピーダンスが所定の関数に従って変化するように前記導波管の幅が設定された、導波菅。 - 前記導波管内の最低次モードの特性インピーダンスが単調減少するように前記導波管の幅が設定された、請求項1に記載の導波管。
- 前記導波管内の最低次モードの特性インピーダンスが単調減少するように前記導波管の幅と前記導波管内の誘電体の密度とが設定された、請求項1に記載の導波管。
- 前記導波管の幅が変化する部分の長さは、所定の周波数において無反射となるように決定された、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の導波管。
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2784380A (en) * | 1951-04-20 | 1957-03-05 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Electrical wave-guide system for producing a phase difference between two output waves and devices containing such a wave-guide system |
WO2017158823A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 移相回路および給電回路 |
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2784380A (en) * | 1951-04-20 | 1957-03-05 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Electrical wave-guide system for producing a phase difference between two output waves and devices containing such a wave-guide system |
WO2017158823A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 移相回路および給電回路 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PICARD, NICOLAS ET AL.: "Design of a New Dielectric-Slab Phase Shifter in a Rectangular Waveguide", PROCEEDINGS OF THE 41ST EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, EUMA, 2011, pages 647 - 650, XP032073030 * |
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