WO2022130982A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極、及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極、及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022130982A1 WO2022130982A1 PCT/JP2021/044094 JP2021044094W WO2022130982A1 WO 2022130982 A1 WO2022130982 A1 WO 2022130982A1 JP 2021044094 W JP2021044094 W JP 2021044094W WO 2022130982 A1 WO2022130982 A1 WO 2022130982A1
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- positive electrode
- transition metal
- composite oxide
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- aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/2055—Analysing diffraction patterns
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing Ni has been attracting attention as a positive electrode active material having a high energy density.
- the general formula Li x Ni 1- y My O 2 (in the formula, 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.7, M is selected from Mn, Co, etc.) It is one or more elements to be treated, and is composed of a lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by ⁇ > 0.20).
- XRD powder X-ray diffraction
- the half-value width of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane is 0.
- a positive electrode active material is disclosed in which the temperature is 14 ° or less and the diffraction peak intensity ratio [(104) / (003)] between the (104) plane and the (003) plane is 0.80 or less.
- Patent Document 2 it is a hexagonal system having a layered structure and is a LiNiMn composite oxide containing Mg, and the lattice constants a and c obtained by the X-ray diffraction method are 2.8640 ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ 2.
- a positive electrode active material of .8750 ⁇ and 14.195 ⁇ ⁇ c ⁇ 14.225 ⁇ is disclosed.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a high Ni content, which contributes to improvement of the charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the battery. be.
- the positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material has a layered structure and contains at least Ni and Mn.
- the ratio of Ni to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide containing the lithium transition metal composite oxide containing the above is in the range of 80 mol% ⁇ Ni ⁇ 95 mol%, and the lithium transition metal.
- the ratio of Mn to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li in the composite oxide is in the range of 0 mol% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 20 mol%, and the layered structure includes a Li layer in which Li reversibly enters and exits, and Li.
- the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the layer is 3 mol% or more and 8 mol% or less with respect to the total molar amount of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide, and X-rays by X-ray diffraction
- the ratio m / n of the half-value width m of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane to the half-value width n of the diffraction peak on the (110) plane of the diffraction pattern is 0.72 ⁇ m / n ⁇ 0.85, and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide in the positive electrode for a secondary battery is composed of secondary particles formed by agglomeration of primary particles, and the void ratio inside the particles of the secondary particles is 1 to 5%.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by including a positive electrode for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a high-capacity non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a decrease in battery capacity due to charging / discharging is suppressed.
- the layered structure of the lithium transition metal composite oxide contained in the positive electrode includes a transition metal layer containing Ni and the like, a Li layer, and an oxygen layer, and Li ions present in the Li layer reversibly move in and out.
- the charging / discharging reaction of the battery proceeds.
- a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a high Ni content of 80 mol% or more with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li is used, many Li ions are extracted from the Li layer when the battery is charged. As a result, the layered structure collapses, leading to a decrease in battery capacity.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide having a high Ni content has high activity near the particle surface, and the formation of a surface-deteriorated layer and erosion are likely to occur due to a reaction with an electrolytic solution or the like, which leads to a decrease in battery capacity.
- the present inventors have made a predetermined amount of Mn in the transition metal layer of the lithium transition metal composite oxide contained in the positive electrode so that the oxidation number does not change during charging and discharging. While containing it, the Li layer contains a predetermined amount of a metal element other than Li, and the ratio of the half-value width m of the (003) plane / the half-value width n of the (110) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern is within the predetermined range. It was found that the structure of the lithium transition metal composite oxide can be stabilized by forming a layered structure having an appropriate strain in the plane direction.
- the reaction with the electrolytic solution is controlled, the formation and erosion of the surface deterioration layer are suppressed, and the cycle characteristics are improved. I found it.
- the cycle characteristics can be improved. It is thought that they were connected.
- a cylindrical battery in which the wound electrode body 14 is housed in a bottomed cylindrical outer can 16 is illustrated, but the outer body is not limited to the cylindrical outer can, for example, a square outer can. It may be an exterior body made of a laminated sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer. Further, the electrode body may be a laminated electrode body in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are alternately laminated via a separator.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 which is an example of an embodiment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a winding type electrode body 14, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and an outer can 16 for accommodating the electrode body 14 and the electrolyte.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and a separator 13, and has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are spirally wound via the separator 13.
- the outer can 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container having an opening on one side in the axial direction, and the opening of the outer can 16 is closed by a sealing body 17.
- the battery sealing body 17 side is on the top and the bottom side of the outer can 16 is on the bottom.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and a mixed solvent of two or more of these are used.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- the electrolyte salt for example, a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 is used.
- the electrolyte is not limited to the liquid electrolyte, and may be a solid electrolyte using a gel-like polymer or the like.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 constituting the electrode body 14 are all strip-shaped long bodies, and are alternately laminated in the radial direction of the electrode body 14 by being wound in a spiral shape.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed to have a size one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent the precipitation of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction (short direction).
- the two separators 13 are formed at least one size larger than the positive electrode 11, and are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 11, for example.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode lead 20 connected to the positive electrode 11 by welding or the like, and a negative electrode lead 21 connected to the negative electrode 12 by welding or the like.
- Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 20 extends to the sealing body 17 side through the through hole of the insulating plate 18, and the negative electrode lead 21 extends to the bottom side of the outer can 16 through the outside of the insulating plate 19.
- the positive electrode lead 20 is connected to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 23 of the sealing body 17 by welding or the like, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing body 17 electrically connected to the internal terminal plate 23, serves as the positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the outer can 16 by welding or the like, and the outer can 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- a gasket 28 is provided between the outer can 16 and the sealing body 17 to ensure the airtightness inside the battery.
- the outer can 16 is formed with a grooved portion 22 that supports the sealing body 17, with a part of the side surface portion protruding inward.
- the grooved portion 22 is preferably formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the outer can 16, and the sealing body 17 is supported on the upper surface thereof.
- the sealing body 17 is fixed to the upper part of the outer can 16 by the grooved portion 22 and the opening end portion of the outer can 16 crimped to the sealing body 17.
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which an internal terminal plate 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are laminated in this order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing body 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at the central portion of each, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between the peripheral portions of each.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, the separator 13, and the non-aqueous electrolyte constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 will be described in detail, particularly the positive electrode 11.
- the positive electrode 11 has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
- a foil of a metal stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the positive electrode 11 is formed by applying a positive electrode slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder and the like to the surface of a positive electrode current collector (coating step), drying the coating film (drying step), and rolling the positive electrode. It can be produced by forming a material layer on both sides of a positive electrode current collector (rolling step).
- Examples of the conductive material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, and graphite.
- Examples of the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimides, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. These resins may be used in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the like.
- the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer has a layered structure and contains a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing at least Ni and Mn.
- Examples of the layered structure of the lithium transition metal composite oxide include a layered structure belonging to the space group R-3m and a layered structure belonging to the space group C2 / m. Among these, a layered structure belonging to the space group R-3m is preferable in terms of high capacity, stability of crystal structure, and the like.
- the layered structure of the lithium transition metal composite oxide includes a transition metal layer, a Li layer, and an oxygen layer.
- the Li layer is a layer in which Li reversibly enters and exits.
- the ratio of Ni to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is in the range of 80 mol% ⁇ Ni ⁇ 95 mol%, preferably 83 mol% or more, and more preferably 85 mol% or more.
- the ratio of Mn to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is in the range of 0 mol% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 20 mol%, preferably in the range of 2 mol% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 17 mol%. More preferably, mol% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 15 mol%. Since the oxidation number of Mn does not change during charging and discharging, it is considered that the structure of the transition metal layer is stabilized by being contained in the transition metal layer. Mn may be uniformly dispersed in the layered structure of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, may be present in a part of the layered structure, or may have a concentration gradient in the layered structure. May be distributed in
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide further comprises M (where M is at least one element selected from B, Al, Ca, Co, Fe, Ti, Si, Sr, Nb, Mo, W, Zr, and Zn). May be contained.
- M is at least one element selected from B, Al, Ca, Co, Fe, Ti, Si, Sr, Nb, Mo, W, Zr, and Zn. May be contained.
- the ratio of M to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is preferably in the range of 0 mol% ⁇ M ⁇ 7 mol%, more preferably 0.01 mol% ⁇ M ⁇ 5 mol%. 0.05 mol% ⁇ M ⁇ 3 mol% is particularly preferable.
- the inclusion of M in the lithium transition metal composite oxide improves the charge / discharge capacity and initial efficiency of the battery.
- the ratio of Co to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is preferably in the range of 0 mol% ⁇ Co ⁇ 5 mol%, more preferably in the range of 0 mol% ⁇ Co ⁇ 3 mol%. It is preferable that 0 mol% ⁇ Co ⁇ 0.1 mol% and substantially no Co is contained. "Substantially free of Co” means a case where Co is not contained at all and a case where Co is mixed as an impurity (when Co is mixed in an amount that cannot be accurately quantified).
- M is B, Al, Ca, Co, Fe, Ti, Si, Sr, Nb, Mo, W, Zr and It may be represented by at least one element selected from Zn).
- the positive electrode active material may contain a lithium transition metal composite oxide other than that represented by the above general formula, or other compounds, as long as the object of the present disclosure is not impaired.
- the molar fraction of the metal element contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide can be determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), etc. Can be measured by.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide is a particle having a volume-based median diameter (D50) of, for example, 3 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 7 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- D50 means a particle size in which the cumulative frequency is 50% from the smaller size in the volume-based particle size distribution, and is also called a medium diameter.
- the particle size distribution of the lithium transition metal composite oxide can be measured using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (for example, MT3000II manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.) and water as a dispersion medium.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide is, for example, a secondary particle formed by aggregating a plurality of primary particles.
- the particle size of the primary particles constituting the secondary particles is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the primary particle is measured as the diameter of the circumscribing circle in the particle image observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide may have a surface modification layer on the surface of the secondary particles or at the interface where the primary particles come into contact with each other.
- the surface modification layer may contain at least one element selected from Co, Ca, Sr, W, B, Nb, Mo, Al, and Zr (hereinafter referred to as a surface modification element), and in particular, the surface modification layer may contain. It preferably contains at least one element of Ca, Sr, B and W. Since the surface modification layer suppresses a side reaction between the lithium transition metal composite oxide and the electrolytic solution, deterioration of the battery can be suppressed.
- the content of the surface modifying element in the surface modifying layer can be, for example, 0.05 mol% to 0.50 mol% with respect to the lithium transition metal composite oxide. Within this range, the surface state of the lithium transition metal composite oxide can be stabilized by electronic interaction. The presence of the surface modifying element in the surface modifying layer can be confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX). The content of the surface modifying element in the surface modifying layer can be measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopic analysis of a solution in which a lithium transition metal composite oxide is dissolved in a mixed solution of royal water and hydrofluoric acid. can.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the thickness of the surface modification layer is, for example, 0.1 nm or more. As a result, the reaction with the electrolytic solution on the surface of the lithium transition metal composite oxide can be suppressed. Further, the thickness of the surface modification layer may be, for example, 5 nm or less.
- the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer is 3 mol% or more with respect to the total molar amount of the metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide. It is 8 mol% or less.
- the ratio of metal elements other than Li in the Li layer is less than 3 mol%, the stability of the layered structure in the state where the Li ions in the Li layer are extracted is lowered, the structure is broken, and the battery capacity is lowered. Connect.
- the proportion of metal elements other than Li in the Li layer exceeds 8 mol%, the diffusivity of Li ions in the Li layer decreases, and the reaction resistance of the battery increases as the battery capacity decreases.
- the metal element present in the Li layer is mainly Ni, but other metal elements may be contained.
- the proportion of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer is, for example, the amount of Li compound to be mixed when the lithium transition metal composite oxide is prepared, and the mixture of the transition metal oxide and the Li compound is fired in multiple stages. It can be adjusted by the set temperature, holding time, and heating rate.
- the ratio of metal elements other than Li in the Li layer can be obtained from the result of the Rietbelt analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern by the X-ray diffraction measurement of the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- PDXL2 Rivest Cipher Co., Ltd.
- Rietveld analysis software can be used for Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern.
- the ratio m / n of the half width m of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane to the half width n of the diffraction peak on the (110) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern by the above X-ray diffraction is 0. 72 ⁇ m / n ⁇ 0.85.
- the layered structure can be in a state of having an appropriate strain in the plane direction, so that a battery having a high capacity and improved charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- m / n is less than 0.72, the strain of the layered structure is too large and the layered structure becomes brittle. Further, when m / n exceeds 0.85, the battery capacity decreases.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide is composed of secondary particles formed by agglomeration of a plurality of primary particles.
- the porosity inside the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide is preferably 1 to 5%, more preferably 1 to 3%. Further, by setting the porosity within the above-mentioned predetermined range, the reaction with the electrolytic solution is controlled, the formation and erosion of the surface deteriorated layer are suppressed, and the cycle characteristics are improved.
- the void ratio inside the particles of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide is smaller than 1%, the reaction efficiency between the positive electrode and the electrolytic solution is likely to decrease.
- the void ratio inside the particles of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide in the positive electrode 11 is determined by the heat treatment temperature in the first step and the third step in the rolling process at the time of producing the positive electrode and the method for producing the positive electrode active material described later. It can be adjusted by the firing temperature of.
- the method for producing a positive electrode active material is, for example, a first step of obtaining a transition metal oxide containing Ni and Mn, a second step of mixing the transition metal oxide and a Li compound to obtain a mixture, and the mixture. It includes a third step of firing to obtain a lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- the first step for example, while stirring a solution of a metal salt containing Ni and Mn, an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide is added dropwise to adjust the pH to the alkaline side (for example, 8.5 to 12.5).
- an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide is added dropwise to adjust the pH to the alkaline side (for example, 8.5 to 12.5).
- the transition metal hydroxide containing Ni and Mn is precipitated (co-precipitated), and the transition metal hydroxide is heat-treated to obtain the transition metal oxide containing Ni and Mn.
- the heat treatment temperature is, for example, in the range of 300 ° C to 600 ° C.
- the transition metal oxide may contain a metal element such as Co other than Ni and Mn.
- the transition metal oxide obtained in the first step and the Li compound are dry-mixed to obtain a mixture.
- the Li compound include Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, Li 2 O 2 , Li 2 O, LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , Li 2 SO 4 , LiOH / H 2 O, LiH, LiF and the like.
- the mixing ratio of the transition metal oxide obtained in the first step and the Li compound is, for example, a ratio in which the molar ratio of the metal element excluding Li: Li is in the range of 1: 0.98 to 1: 1.1. Is preferable.
- a compound containing a metal element other than Li, Ni and Mn may be added.
- Examples of the compound containing a metal element other than Li, Ni, and Mn include a Ca compound such as Ca (OH) 2 , an Sr compound such as Sr (OH) 2 , an Al compound such as Al (OH) 3 , and Nb 2 .
- Examples thereof include Nb compounds such as O 5 and W compounds such as WO 3 .
- the mixture obtained in the second step is calcined at 950 ° C. or lower for a predetermined time to obtain a lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- the void ratio of the lithium transition metal composite oxide in the positive electrode 11 may be out of the predetermined range during the rolling step at the time of producing the positive electrode, and a sufficient effect may not be obtained.
- the firing of the mixture in the third step is obtained by, for example, a first firing step of firing in a firing furnace at a first heating rate to a first set temperature of 450 ° C. to 680 ° C. under an oxygen stream, and a first firing step.
- a multi-step firing step including a second firing step of firing the fired product in a firing furnace at a second heating rate to a second set temperature of more than 680 ° C and 850 ° C or less under an oxygen stream.
- the first temperature rise rate is in the range of 1.5 ° C./min to 5.5 ° C./min
- the second temperature rise rate is slower than the first temperature rise rate, 0.1 ° C./min to 3 It is in the range of .5 ° C / min.
- a plurality of first temperature rise rate and second temperature rise rate may be set for each temperature region as long as it is within the above-specified range.
- the holding time of the first set temperature in the first firing step is preferably 5 hours or less, more preferably 3 hours or less.
- the holding time of the first set temperature is the time for maintaining the first set temperature after reaching the first set temperature.
- the holding time of the second set temperature in the second firing step is preferably 1 hour to 10 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 5 hours.
- the holding time of the second set temperature is the time for maintaining the second set temperature after reaching the second set temperature.
- the ratio m / n of the half width m of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane to the half width n of the diffraction peak on the (110) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern is the mixing ratio of the compound in the second step and the firing in the third step. It can be adjusted by temperature and firing time. Further, the lithium transition metal composite oxide obtained in the third step may be washed with water.
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- a metal foil stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 12 such as copper or a copper alloy, a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material and a binder.
- a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc. is applied to the surface of the negative electrode current collector, the coating film is dried, and then rolled to obtain a negative electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode current collector. It can be manufactured by forming it on both sides.
- the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited as long as it can reversibly occlude and release lithium ions, and a carbon material such as graphite is generally used.
- the graphite may be any of natural graphite such as scaly graphite, lump graphite and earthy graphite, and artificial graphite such as lump artificial graphite and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads.
- a metal alloying with Li such as Si and Sn, a metal compound containing Si and Sn, and a lithium titanium composite oxide may be used. Further, those having a carbon film may be used.
- Si-containing compounds represented by SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6) or Li 2y SiO (2 + y) (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2) containing fine particles of Si in the lithium silicate phase.
- Dispersed Si-containing compounds and the like may be used in combination with graphite.
- a fluororesin such as PTFE or PVdF, a PAN, a polyimide, an acrylic resin, a polyolefin or the like may be used as in the case of the positive electrode 11, but styrene-is preferable.
- Polyolefin rubber (SBR) is used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may contain CMC or a salt thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the like.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulating property is used.
- the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, and a non-woven fabric.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose and the like are suitable.
- the separator 13 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure. Further, the surface of the separator 13 may be provided with a resin layer having high heat resistance such as an aramid resin and a filler layer containing a filler of an inorganic compound.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes, for example, a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- a non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles such as acetonitrile, amides such as dimethylformamide, and a mixed solvent of two or more of these can be used.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- halogen substituent examples include a fluorinated cyclic carbonate ester such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), a fluorinated chain carbonate ester, and a fluorinated chain carboxylic acid ester such as methyl fluoropropionate (FMP).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP fluorinated chain carboxylic acid ester
- esters examples include cyclic carbonate esters such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and methylpropyl carbonate.
- cyclic carbonate esters such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and methylpropyl carbonate.
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- VL ⁇ -valerolactone
- MP propyl acetate
- EP methyl propionate
- ethers examples include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahexyl, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4.
- -Cyclic ethers such as dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1,8-cineole, crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether , Dihexyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, ethyl phenyl ether, butyl phenyl ether, pentyl phenyl ether, methoxy toluene, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, o-dimethoxybenzene, 1,2-diethoxy Chain ethers such as ethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl
- the electrolyte salt is preferably a lithium salt.
- lithium salts include LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiMnCl 4 , LiSCN, LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , Li (P (C 2 O 4 ) F 4 ), LiPF 6-x (C n F 2n + 1 ) x (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, n is 1 or 2 ), LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, lithium chloroboran, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, Li 2B 4 O 7 , borates such as Li (B (C 2 O 4 ) F 2 ), LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (C 1 F 2l + 1 SO 2 ) (C m F 2m + 1 SO 2 ) ⁇ l , M is an integer of 0 or more ⁇ and other imide salts.
- lithium salt these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- LiPF 6 is preferably used from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and the like.
- concentration of the lithium salt is, for example, 0.8 mol to 1.8 mol per 1 L of the non-aqueous solvent.
- a vinylene carbonate or a propane sultone-based additive may be further added.
- Example 1 The composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.91 Mn 0.09 ] (OH) 2 obtained by the coprecipitation method was fired at 500 ° C. for 8 hours, and the composite oxide (Ni 0.91 Mn 0.09 ) was fired at 500 ° C. O 2 ) was obtained (first step). A mixture was obtained by mixing lithium hydroxide (LiOH) so that the total amount of Ni and Mn of the composite oxide and the molar ratio of Li were 1: 1.01 (second step). The mixture was fired from room temperature to 650 ° C.
- LiOH lithium hydroxide
- Example 1 shows the results of analysis of the lithium transition metal composite oxide by ICP-AES. In addition, X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the positive electrode active material of Example 1.
- the ratio of the metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer to the total molar amount of the metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide was 5.1 mol%.
- the ratio m / n of the half width m of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane to the half width n of the diffraction peak on the (110) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern by X-ray diffraction was 0.79.
- the above positive electrode active material was mixed at a ratio of 95 parts by mass, acetylene black as a conductive material at a ratio of 3 parts by mass, and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder at a ratio of 2 parts by mass, and this was mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Mixing was performed to prepare a positive electrode slurry. Next, the slurry is applied to a positive electrode current collector made of aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, the coating film is dried, and then the coating film is rolled by a rolling roller and cut into a predetermined electrode size to form a positive electrode core. A positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer formed on both sides thereof was obtained. An exposed portion where the surface of the positive electrode core was exposed was provided on a part of the positive electrode.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 3: 3: 4.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) in the mixed solvent at a concentration of 1.2 mol / liter.
- test cell An aluminum lead is attached to the exposed portion of the positive electrode, and a nickel lead is attached to a lithium metal foil as a negative electrode.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are spirally wound via a polyolefin separator, and then press-molded in the radial direction to form a flat shape.
- a wound electrode body was produced. This electrode body was housed in an exterior body made of an aluminum laminated sheet, and after injecting the non-aqueous electrolytic solution, the opening of the exterior body was sealed to obtain a test cell.
- the porosity of the lithium transition metal composite oxide in the positive electrode was measured in the above test cell.
- the method for measuring the porosity is as follows. First, the prepared positive electrode was finished with a cross-section polisher (CP) method, and the polished surface was observed with SIM (Scanning Ion Microscope) under the condition of a magnification of 1,000 to 10,000 times. From the obtained SIM image, the void ratio of the lithium transition metal composite oxide contained in the positive electrode was calculated using the analysis software of Image-Pro PLUS. Specifically, the color of the pores of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide and the color of the portion other than the pores of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide are white and black or black. And the white part was divided, the area of each was obtained, and the void ratio was obtained from the ratio of the areas.
- Capacity retention rate (%) (30th cycle discharge capacity ⁇ 1st cycle discharge capacity) x 100 ⁇ Cycle test>
- the test cell is constantly charged at a constant current of 0.2 It at a constant current of 0.2 °C until the battery voltage reaches 4.3 V, and then charged at a constant voltage at 4.3 V until the current value becomes 1/20 It. gone. Then, constant current discharge was performed with a constant current of 0.2 It until the battery voltage reached 2.5 V. This charge / discharge cycle was repeated 30 cycles.
- the Ca content is 1 mol% with respect to the total amount of Ni and Mn of the transition metal oxide represented by the general formula Ni 0.92 Mn 0.08 O 2 .
- Transition metal oxide and Ca (OH) 2 were mixed, and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) was further mixed so that the total amount of Ni, Mn, and Ca and the molar ratio of Li were 1: 1.01.
- a test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above, and measurement and evaluation were performed.
- Example 3 In the production of the positive electrode active material, the content of Sr is 0.5 mol% with respect to the total amount of Ni and Mn of the transition metal oxide represented by the general formula Ni 0.915 Mn 0.085 O 2 . As described above, the transition metal oxide and Sr (OH) 2 are mixed, and then lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is further mixed so that the total amount of Ni, Mn, and Sr and the molar ratio of Li are 1: 1.01. A test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above, and measurement and evaluation were performed.
- LiOH lithium hydroxide
- Example 4 In the production of the positive electrode active material, the Al content is 2 mol% with respect to the total amount of Ni and Mn of the transition metal oxide represented by the general formula Ni 0.93 Mn 0.07 O 2 . , Transition metal oxide and Al (OH) 3 were mixed, and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) was further mixed so that the total amount of Ni, Mn, and Al and the molar ratio of Li were 1: 1.03. A test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above, and measurement and evaluation were performed.
- Example 5 In the production of the positive electrode active material, the content of Nb is 1 mol% with respect to the total amount of Ni and Mn of the transition metal oxide represented by the general formula Ni 0.91 Mn 0.09 O 2 . , The transition metal oxide and Nb 2 O 5 were mixed, and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) was further mixed so that the total amount of Ni, Mn, and Nb and the molar ratio of Li was 1: 1.02. Prepared a test cell in the same manner as in Example 1, and measured and evaluated it.
- LiOH lithium hydroxide
- the content of W is 0.5 mol% with respect to the total amount of Ni and Mn of the transition metal oxide represented by the general formula Ni 0.915 Mn 0.085 O 2 .
- the transition metal oxide and WO 3 were mixed, and then lithium hydroxide (LiOH) was further mixed so that the total amount of Ni, Mn, and W and the molar ratio of Li were 1: 1.02.
- LiOH lithium hydroxide
- Example 7 In the preparation of the positive electrode active material, the composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.93 Mn 0.07 ] (OH) 2 obtained by the co-precipitation method was fired at 500 ° C. for 8 hours, and the composite oxide (Ni). 0.93 Mn 0.07 O 2 ) was obtained. Further, in the third step, after firing from room temperature to 650 ° C. at a heating rate of 2 ° C./min, firing from 650 ° C. to 700 ° C. at a heating rate of 1 ° C./min is the same as in Example 1. Then, a test cell was prepared, and measurement and evaluation were performed.
- the composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.93 Mn 0.07 ] (OH) 2 obtained by the co-precipitation method was fired at 500 ° C. for 8 hours, and the composite oxide (Ni). 0.93 Mn 0.07 O 2 ) was obtained. Further, in the third step, after firing from room temperature to 650 ° C. at a heating rate of 2
- Example 8> In the preparation of the positive electrode active material, the composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.85 Mn 0.15 ] (OH) 2 obtained by the co-precipitation method was fired at 500 ° C. for 8 hours, and the composite oxide (Ni). 0.85 Mn 0.15 O 2 ) was obtained. The transition metal oxide and H 3 BO 3 are mixed so that the B content is 2 mol% with respect to the total amount of Ni and Mn of the composite oxide, and Ni, Mn, and B and Li are further mixed. Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) was mixed so that the molar ratio was 1: 1.05 to obtain a mixture (second step). Further, in the third step, after firing from room temperature to 650 ° C.
- LiOH Lithium hydroxide
- Example 2 firing from 650 ° C. to 800 ° C. at a heating rate of 1 ° C./min is the same as in Example 1. Then, a test cell was prepared, and measurement and evaluation were performed.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the initial efficiency and capacity retention rate of Examples and Comparative Examples. The evaluation results of the capacity retention rates shown in Tables 1 to 3 are relative to each other, with the initial efficiency and capacity retention rate of the test cells of Comparative Examples 1, 7 and 8, respectively being 100%.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer to the total number of moles of metal elements other than Li, and the diffraction peak of the (110) plane in the X-ray diffraction pattern by X-ray diffraction.
- the half-value width n, the half-value width m of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane, and the m / n ratio, and the void ratio inside the lithium transition metal composite oxide particles in the positive electrode are also shown.
- Examples 1 to 8 have higher initial efficiency and capacity retention rate than Comparative Examples 1 to 8. Further, from the comparison between Examples 1 and Examples 2 to 6, the lithium transition metal composite oxide contained in the positive electrode active material is a metal such as Ca, Sr, Al, Nb, W in addition to Li, Ni and Mn. By containing the element, the capacity retention rate becomes higher.
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、正極集電体と、正極集電体の両面に形成された正極合材層とを有する。正極集電体には、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金など、正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層は、正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材を含む。正極11は、正極集電体の表面に正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材等を含む正極スラリーを塗布し(塗布工程)、塗膜を乾燥させ(乾燥工程)、圧延して正極合材層を正極集電体の両面に形成する(圧延工程)ことにより作製できる。
測定範囲:15-120°
スキャン速度:4°/min
解析範囲:30-120°
バックグラウンド:B-スプライン
プロファイル関数:分割型擬Voigt関数
束縛条件:Li(3a)+Ni(3a)=1
Ni(3a)+Ni(3b)=α(αは各々のNi含有割合)
ICSD No.:98-009-4814
負極12は、負極集電体と、負極集電体の両面に形成された負極合材層とを有する。負極集電体には、銅、銅合金等の負極12の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルムなどを用いることができる。負極合材層は、負極活物質、及び結着材を含む。負極12は、負極集電体の表面に負極活物質、結着材等を含む負極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して負極合材層を負極集電体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータ13には、例えば、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータ13の材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、単層構造であってもよく、積層構造を有していてもよい。また、セパレータ13の表面には、アラミド樹脂等の耐熱性の高い樹脂層、無機化合物のフィラーを含むフィラー層が設けられていてもよい。
非水電解質は、例えば、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。ハロゲン置換体としては、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)等のフッ素化環状炭酸エステル、フッ素化鎖状炭酸エステル、フルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)等のフッ素化鎖状カルボン酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
<実施例1>
共沈法により得られた[Ni0.91Mn0.09](OH)2で表される複合水酸化物を500℃で8時間焼成し、複合酸化物(Ni0.91Mn0.09O2)を得た(第1工程)。上記複合酸化物のNi及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.01となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合して混合物を得た(第2工程)。当該混合物を酸素濃度95%の酸素気流下(混合物1kgあたり5L/minの流量)、昇温速度2℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度1℃/minで、650℃から750℃まで焼成した。この焼成物を水洗により不純物を除去し、実施例1の正極活物質としてのリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を得た(第3工程)。ICP-AESにより、当該リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を分析した結果を表1に示す。また、実施例1の正極活物質について、X線回折測定を行った。リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総モル量に対するLi層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、5.1モル%であった。X線回折によるX線回折パターンの(110)面の回折ピークの半値幅nに対する(003)面の回折ピークの半値幅mの比m/nは、0.79であった。
上記の正極活物質を95質量部、導電材としてアセチレンブラックを3質量部、結着材としてポリフッ化ビニリデンを2質量部の割合で混合し、これをN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)と混合して正極スラリーを調製した。次いで、当該スラリーを厚み15μmのアルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥した後、圧延ローラーにより、塗膜を圧延して、所定の電極サイズに切断して、正極芯体の両面に正極合材層が形成された正極を得た。なお、正極の一部に正極芯体の表面が露出した露出部を設けた。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを、3:3:4の体積比で混合した。当該混合溶媒に対して、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.2モル/リットルの濃度となるように溶解させて、非水電解質を調製した。
上記正極の露出部にアルミニウムリードを、負極としてリチウム金属箔にニッケルリードをそれぞれ取り付け、ポリオレフィン製のセパレータを介して正極と負極を渦巻き状に巻回した後、径方向にプレス成形して扁平状の巻回型電極体を作製した。この電極体をアルミラミネートシートで構成される外装体内に収容し、上記非水電解液を注入した後、外装体の開口部を封止して試験セルを得た。
上記試験セルにおける、正極中のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の空隙率を測定した。空隙率の測定方法は以下の通りである。まず、作製した正極をクロスセクションポリッシャー(CP)法による仕上げ断面加工し、研磨面をSIM(Scanning Ion Microscopy)で倍率1千~1万倍の条件で観察した。得られたSIM画像から、Image-Pro PLUSの解析ソフトを用いて、正極に含まれるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の空隙率を計算した。具体的には、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の二次粒子の空孔部分の色と、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の二次粒子の空孔部分以外の部分の色とを、白色と黒色又は黒色と白色の部分に分割し、それぞれの面積を求め、その面積の比から空隙率を求めた。
上記試験セルを、25℃の温度環境下、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が4.3Vになるまで定電流で充電した後、4.3Vで電流値が1/100Itになるまで定電圧で充電した。その後、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。上記の充放電で測定した充電容量及び放電容量から、下記の式にて初期効率を求めた。
初期効率(%)=放電容量/充電容量×100
上記試験セルについて、下記サイクル試験を行なった。サイクル試験の1サイクル目の放電容量と、30サイクル目の放電容量を求め、下記式により容量維持率を算出した。
容量維持率(%)=(30サイクル目放電容量÷1サイクル目放電容量)×100
<サイクル試験>
試験セルを、25℃の温度環境下、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が4.3Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、4.3Vで電流値が1/20Itになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。この充放電サイクルを30サイクル繰り返した。
正極活物質の作製において、一般式Ni0.92Mn0.08O2で表される遷移金属酸化物のNi、及びMnの総量に対して、Caの含有量が1モル%となるように、遷移金属酸化物とCa(OH)2を混合し、さらにNi、Mn、及びCaの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.01となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、一般式Ni0.915Mn0.085O2で表される遷移金属酸化物のNi、及びMnの総量に対して、Srの含有量が0.5モル%となるように、遷移金属酸化物とSr(OH)2を混合し、さらにNi、Mn、及びSrの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.01となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、一般式Ni0.93Mn0.07O2で表される遷移金属酸化物のNi、及びMnの総量に対して、Alの含有量が2モル%となるように、遷移金属酸化物とAl(OH)3を混合し、さらにNi、Mn、及びAlの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.03となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、一般式Ni0.91Mn0.09O2で表される遷移金属酸化物のNi、及びMnの総量に対して、Nbの含有量が1モル%となるように、遷移金属酸化物とNb2O5を混合し、さらにNi、Mn、及びNbの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.02となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、一般式Ni0.915Mn0.085O2で表される遷移金属酸化物のNi、及びMnの総量に対して、Wの含有量が0.5モル%となるように、遷移金属酸化物とWO3を混合し、さらにNi、Mn、及びWの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.02となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、共沈法により得られた[Ni0.93Mn0.07](OH)2で表される複合水酸化物を500℃で8時間焼成し、複合酸化物(Ni0.93Mn0.07O2)を得た。さらに、第3工程において、昇温速度2℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度1℃/minで、650℃から700℃まで焼成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、共沈法により得られた[Ni0.85Mn0.15](OH)2で表される複合水酸化物を500℃で8時間焼成し、複合酸化物(Ni0.85Mn0.15O2)を得た。上記複合酸化物のNi及びMnの総量に対して、Bの含有量が2モル%となるように、遷移金属酸化物とH3BO3を混合し、さらにNi、Mn、及びBと、Liのモル比が1:1.05となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合して混合物を得た(第2工程)。さらに、第3工程において、昇温速度2℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度1℃/minで、650℃から800℃まで焼成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、昇温速度2℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度1℃/minで、650℃から780℃まで焼成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第2工程において、複合酸化物のNi及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.05となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合して混合物を得たこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、昇温速度2℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度1℃/minで、650℃から730℃まで焼成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第2工程において、複合酸化物のNi及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:0.98となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合して混合物を得たこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、昇温速度1℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度0.3℃/minで、650℃から730℃まで焼成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、昇温速度3℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度1℃/minで、650℃から750℃まで焼成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、昇温速度3℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度2℃/minで、650℃から720℃まで焼成したこと以外は実施例7と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第2工程において、複合酸化物のNi及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.05となるように水酸化リチウム(LiOH)を混合して混合物を得たこと以外は実施例8と同様にして試験セルを作製し、測定・評価を行った。
Claims (7)
- 正極活物質を含む非水電解質二次電池用正極であって、
前記正極活物質は、層状構造を有し、少なくともNiとMnとを含有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含み、
前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総量に対するNiの割合は、80モル%≦Ni≦95モル%の範囲であり、
前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総量に対するMnの割合は、0モル%<Mn≦20モル%の範囲であり、
前記層状構造はLiが可逆的に出入りするLi層を含み、且つ、前記Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合が、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総モル量に対して3モル%以上8モル%以下であり、
X線回折によるX線回折パターンの(110)面の回折ピークの半値幅nに対する(003)面の回折ピークの半値幅mの比m/nが、0.72≦m/n≦0.85であり、
前記非水電解質二次電池用正極中の前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、一次粒子が凝集して形成された二次粒子から構成され、前記二次粒子の粒子内部の空隙率が1~5%である非水電解質二次電池用正極。 - 前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、さらに、M(Mは、B、Al、Co、Ca、Fe、Ti、Si、Sr、Nb、Mo、W、Zr、及びZnから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素)を含有し、
前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総量に対するMの割合は、0モル%≦M≦7モル%の範囲である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。 - 前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総量に対するCoの割合は、0モル%≦Co≦5モル%の範囲である、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、前記二次粒子の表面、又は前記一次粒子同士が接触する界面に表面修飾層を有し、
前記表面修飾層は、Ca、Sr、W、B、Nb、Mo、Al、及びZrから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。 - 前記表面修飾層は、Ca、Sr、B及びWの少なくともいずれかひとつの元素を含有する、請求項4に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、一般式LixNiyMnzMαO2-β(式中、0.95≦x≦1.05、0.80≦y≦0.95、0<z≦0.2、0≦α≦0.07、0≦β≦0.05、y+z+α=1、MはB、Al、Ca、Co、Fe、Ti、Si、Sr、Nb、Mo、W、Zr及びZnから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素)で表される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備える、非水電解質二次電池。
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WO2023054041A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 |
WO2024004578A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
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WO2024004626A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、及び非水電解質二次電池 |
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