WO2022185666A1 - 建設機械 - Google Patents
建設機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022185666A1 WO2022185666A1 PCT/JP2021/046751 JP2021046751W WO2022185666A1 WO 2022185666 A1 WO2022185666 A1 WO 2022185666A1 JP 2021046751 W JP2021046751 W JP 2021046751W WO 2022185666 A1 WO2022185666 A1 WO 2022185666A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- construction machine
- turning
- main body
- machine according
- working device
- Prior art date
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 50
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-anthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001646 magnetic resonance method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/18—Counterweights
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
- E02F9/0858—Arrangement of component parts installed on superstructures not otherwise provided for, e.g. electric components, fenders, air-conditioning units
- E02F9/0883—Tanks, e.g. oil tank, urea tank, fuel tank
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
- E02F9/10—Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
- E02F9/12—Slewing or traversing gears
- E02F9/121—Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
- E02F9/123—Drives or control devices specially adapted therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator that performs excavation and loading work, and more particularly to a construction machine with a high degree of layout freedom or a construction machine that emits less greenhouse gases.
- Patent Document 1 discloses automation of excavation work. Vehicles that emit less greenhouse gas are being developed, and Patent Document 2 discloses that a fuel cell is also applied to a backhoe.
- Patent Document 1 is a construction machine having a driver's seat, there are restrictions on the layout of the construction machine. Further, although Patent Document 2 discloses details of the fuel cell, it does not disclose how to mount the fuel cell on the construction machine. Therefore, a construction machine that emits less greenhouse gas has not been realized.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a construction machine that emits less greenhouse gases.
- a construction machine drives a body section that can be turned by turning a turning section, a work device connected to one end side of the body section, and at least one of the body section and the work device.
- a drive system and a mass body for compensating an unbalanced load acting on the body portion due to driving of the working device are provided, and the mass body holds at least part of the drive system.
- a construction machine comprises a main body portion that can be turned by turning a turning portion, a working device connected to one end side of the main body portion, and a greenhouse that is provided inside the other end side of the main body portion.
- a construction machine is a main body portion that can be turned by turning a first turning portion, a first working device connected to one end side of the main body portion, and a first working device connected to the other end side of the main body portion. a second working device, a housing section that can be turned by a second turning section different from the first turning section, and a liquid tank that is provided in the housing section and stores liquid fuel that does not emit greenhouse gases. I have.
- the drive system since at least part of the drive system is held by the mass body, it is possible to provide a construction machine with a high degree of freedom in layout.
- the liquid fuel that does not emit greenhouse gases since the liquid fuel that does not emit greenhouse gases is used, it is possible to realize a construction machine that emits less greenhouse gases.
- FIG.1 (a) is a top view
- FIG.1(b) is a front view.
- 3(a) is a view taken along line AA in FIG. 1(b)
- FIG. 3(b) is a view taken along line AA in FIG. 2(b).
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart executed by the heavy equipment control device of the first embodiment; It is a schematic diagram of the construction machine showing the 2nd Embodiment, Fig.6 (a) is a top view, FIG.6(b) is a front view.
- 9 is a flowchart executed by the heavy equipment control device 50 of the second embodiment; 8A and 8B are diagrams showing the excavation operation, FIG. 8A is a diagram showing the working device at the initial position, FIG. FIG. 8(c) is a diagram showing the state when excavation is completed, and FIG. 8(d) is a diagram showing the state after turning.
- 9A and 9B are diagrams showing the operation following the excavating operation in FIG. 8, FIG. 9A is a diagram showing the state of loading, and FIG.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing the working device at the initial position.
- FIG. 9(c) is a diagram showing a state after the upper body device is turned, and
- FIG. 9(d) is a diagram showing a state during excavation.
- 10(a) and 10(b) are schematic diagrams of a construction machine representing the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams showing a hydraulic excavator 1 representing the present embodiment, FIG. 1(a) being a top view and FIG. 1(b) being a front view.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction machine when the countermass 43 of the hydraulic excavator 1 of FIG. 1(b) moves in the -X direction.
- 3 is an AA arrow view of FIGS. 1 and 2
- FIG. 3(a) is an AA arrow view of FIG. 1(b)
- FIG. b) is a view taken along the line AA.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the main part of the first embodiment.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 of this embodiment is an automatic driving type without a driver's seat, and has a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, hereinafter referred to as a drone 100) which is an unmanned aerial vehicle.
- UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
- the hydraulic excavator 1 may be automatically operated at a construction site and placed on a trailer for transportation on a public road. Further, the operation of the hydraulic excavator 1 may be automatic operation or remote operation at a remote location away from the excavation site.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 of this embodiment has a drive system 10 (see FIG. 4), a travel device 20, a swing device 30, a main device 40, and a working device 60.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 also has a drone 100 that can take off and land on a takeoff/landing section provided on the upper surface of the main unit 40 .
- a plurality of drones 100 may be used.
- the drone 100 may be of a type that flies by electric power, or may be of a type that flies by a fuel cell using hydrogen.
- the drive system 10 has an engine 11 , a fuel tank 12 , a leak sensor 13 and a generator 14 .
- the engine 11 is an internal combustion engine, and employs a diesel engine in this embodiment.
- the engine 11 burns fuel supplied from the fuel tank 12 to drive the generator 14 .
- the fuel tank 12 stores ammonia (NH3) in a liquid state in this embodiment, and is provided with a remaining amount meter (not shown) inside. Liquid ammonia is vaporized by a vaporizer (not shown), and the vaporized ammonia is combusted by the engine 11 together with air.
- a plurality of fuel tanks 12 may be provided as storage tanks for ammonia and storage tanks for light oil.
- the engine 11 may be a co-combustion type engine that co-combusts ammonia and light oil.
- the leakage sensor 13 is a liquid leakage sensor that detects leakage of liquid ammonia stored in the fuel tank 12 or a gas sensor that detects leakage of vaporized ammonia from the vicinity of the engine 11 .
- a liquid leakage sensor a contact type detection method in which electricity flows due to conduction through the liquid when the liquid contacts between two electrodes, or a fiber sensor is used to detect liquid leakage using reflection and transmission.
- a gas sensor there are a solid sensor using a semiconductor, a constant potential electrolysis type electrochemical sensor, an optical sensor using infrared rays, and the like, and any sensor can be used.
- both a liquid leak sensor and a gas sensor may be installed, or either one of them may be installed.
- the generator 14 is connected to the output shaft of the engine 11 and generates power by the rotational driving force of the output shaft of the engine 11. Electric power generated by the generator 14 is supplied to various cylinders and various motors as shown in the block diagram of FIG. Although details will be described later, in this embodiment, the engine 11, the fuel tank 12, and the generator 14 are mounted on a counter mass 43, which will be described later. Also, the engine 11 , the fuel tank 12 , and the generator 14 may be exposed to the outside of the main unit 40 as the counter mass 43 moves, so they are covered with the cover 19 .
- the traveling device 20 has a pair of crawler belts 23 wound around an idler wheel 21 and a driving wheel 22, and a traveling motor (not shown) that drives the driving wheels 22.
- the driving wheels 22 drive the pair of crawler belts 23.
- the traveling motor 24 is driven by electric power supplied from the generator 14, and in this embodiment, an in-wheel motor provided so as to be coaxially connected to the drive wheel 22 or the hub of the drive wheel 22 is employed. .
- the swing device 30 is arranged on the travel device 20 and the main device 40 .
- the turning device 30 includes a bearing (not shown) and a turning motor 31 to which electric power is supplied from the generator 14, and turns the main body device 40 and the work device 60. As shown in FIG. Note that the turning of the main unit 40 and the working device 60 by the turning device 30 may be performed using hydraulic pressure instead of the turning motor 31 .
- the main unit 40 has a flat upper surface, and has a power transmission device 15 for supplying electric power to the drone 100 and a shield member 16 on the upper surface. Also, the power transmission device 15 on the upper surface of the main unit 40 serves as the takeoff and landing part of the drone 100 .
- the power transmitting device 15 supplies power to a power receiving device 103 of the drone 100, which will be described later, and adopts wireless power feeding in this embodiment.
- Wireless power supply supplies electric power to the power receiving apparatus 103 in a non-contact manner, and known methods include a magnetic resonance method and an electromagnetic induction method.
- the power transmission device 15 of this embodiment includes a power supply, a control circuit, and a power transmission coil. Also, the power transmission device 15 may be of a spatial transmission type instead of the proximity junction type described above. Spatial transmission type power supply uses electromagnetic waves such as microwaves to supply power to an object (the power receiving device 103 of the drone 100 in this embodiment) at a distance of several meters to several tens of meters.
- a contact-type power supply method may be used instead of wireless power supply.
- the power transmitting device 15 and the power receiving device 103 may each be provided with a metal contact, and power may be supplied by mechanically connecting the contacts.
- the take-off/landing section may be provided with a concave contact point, and the drone 100 side may be provided with a convex contact point.
- One concave contact and one convex contact may be provided, or a plurality of contacts may be provided.
- the shield member 16 shields electromagnetic noise, and in this embodiment prevents electromagnetic noise generated from the power transmission device 15 and the like from affecting the antenna 48a described later.
- the shield member 16 is provided so as to surround the power transmission device 15, and also surrounds the drone 100 when the drone 100 lands on the takeoff/landing section. there is The shield member 16 does not surround the entire drone 100, but only needs to shield electromagnetic noise that may be generated from the battery 105 and the second communication device 106, which will be described later. Therefore, the shield member 16 surrounds the power transmission device 15 and at least part of the drone 100 .
- permalloy which is an alloy of nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe), can be used.
- a working device 60 is connected to the side surface of the main device 40 via a swing portion 41 and a swing cylinder 42 .
- the body device 40 also contains an attitude detector 18, a counter mass 43, a pair of sliders 44, and a pair of sliders 44.
- the main unit 40 also has an opening (not shown) through which the cover 19 and the countermass 43 move to the outside of the main unit 40 .
- An opening/closing portion for opening/closing the opening may be provided.
- the cover 19 may be omitted when this opening/closing portion is provided.
- the orientation detector 18 is a sensor that is attached inside the main unit 40 and detects the orientation of the main unit 40 .
- the attitude detector 18 an inclinometer, a spirit level, or the like can be used.
- the countermass 43 corrects the unbalanced load acting on the hydraulic excavator 1 when the work device 60 is driven, and is provided on the main device 40 so as to be on the opposite side of the work device 60 .
- the countermass 43 is provided on the lower side of the main unit 40 and attached to a pair of sliders 44 spaced apart in the Y direction.
- the pair of sliders 44 extends in the X direction and is supported by a pair of bases 45 so as to be movable in the X direction.
- the conventional countermass is provided along the Z direction, which is the vertical direction
- the countermass 43 of this embodiment is provided along the XY plane perpendicular to the Z direction. Thereby, the center of gravity of the hydraulic excavator 1 can be lowered.
- the countermass motor 46 moves the countermass 43 by moving the pair of sliders 44 along the pair of bases 45 .
- the counter mass 43 moves to the -X side
- the counter mass 43 moves to the +X side.
- 43 moves to the +X side.
- the counter mass 43 moves to the -Y side.
- the size of the excavator 1 depends on the size of the bucket 58 , and the size and weight of the engine 11 , the fuel tank 12 , the generator 14 , and the countermass 43 that make up the excavator 1 also depend on the size of the bucket 58 . depends on Therefore, depending on the size of the bucket 58, a weight of about 1.5 to 4 tons is required to correct the unbalanced load acting on the hydraulic excavator 1 when the working device 60 is driven.
- the weight of the engine 11 is about 350 Kg to 600 Kg
- the weight of the fuel tank 12 when full is about 120 Kg to 400 Kg
- the weight of the generator 14 is about 450 Kg to 750 Kg.
- the weight required for the counter mass 43 is about 580 Kg to 2750 Kg.
- the weight of the counter mass 43 can be reduced.
- the countermass 43 does not need to mount all of the engine 11, the fuel tank 12, and the generator 14, and mounts at least one of the engine 11, the fuel tank 12, and the generator 14. do it. Therefore, the counter mass 43 and the mass placed on the counter mass 43 serve as mass bodies for correcting the unbalanced load acting on the hydraulic excavator 1 .
- the weight of the fuel tank 12 becomes lighter as the fuel is used.
- the weight of the counter mass 43 may be set assuming that the fuel tank 12 is empty, or the counter mass 43 may be moved by the counter mass motor 46 as the fuel is used. good.
- the weight of the counter mass 43 may be further reduced. If the countermass 43 is not moved, the pair of sliders 44, the pair of bases 45, and the countermass motor 46 may be omitted. However, even when the countermass 43 is not moved, the pair of sliders 44, the pair of bases 45, and the countermass motor 46 are used to move the engine 11, the fuel tank 12, and the generator 14 to the main unit.
- the swing portion 41 is pivotally supported such that a portion connected to the main device 40 and a portion connected to the boom 53 are rotatable about the Z axis.
- the swing cylinder 42 is a cylinder having one end connected to the main unit 40 and the other end connected to the swing portion 41 , and is expanded and contracted by electric power supplied from the generator 14 .
- the expansion and contraction of the swing cylinder 42 drives the working device 60 clockwise or counterclockwise in FIG. 1(a).
- the boom cylinder 54 is a cylinder that is telescopically operated by electric power supplied from the generator 14 to drive the boom 53 .
- the arm cylinder 56 is a cylinder that is expanded and contracted by electric power supplied from the generator 14 to drive the arm 55 .
- the bucket cylinder 59 is a cylinder that is expanded and contracted by electric power supplied from the generator 14 to drive the bucket 58 .
- the swing cylinder 42, the boom cylinder 54, the arm cylinder 56, and the bucket cylinder 59 are driven by electric power from the generator 14, but hydraulic pressure is used to drive these cylinders. good too.
- the first GNSS 47 measures the position of the hydraulic excavator 1 using artificial satellites.
- the first communication device 48 is a wireless communication unit that has an antenna 48a, a transmitter, a receiver, various circuits, and the like, and accesses a second communication device 106, which will be described later, and a wide area network such as the Internet.
- the first communication device 48 communicates the flight path of the drone 100 to the second communication device 106 based on the position of the excavator 1 detected by the first GNSS 47 .
- two antennas 48a are shown in FIG. 1, the number may be one, or three or more.
- the first memory 49 is a non-volatile memory (for example, flash memory), and stores various data and programs for driving the hydraulic excavator 1 and various data and programs for automatically operating the hydraulic excavator 1.
- the first memory 49 also stores data on the flight path of the drone 100 .
- the heavy machinery control device 50 includes a CPU and is a control device that controls the entire hydraulic excavator 1 . It controls flight movements.
- a working device 60 is connected to the main device 40 via a swing portion 41 and a swing cylinder 42 .
- the work device 60 has a boom 53 , a boom cylinder 54 , an arm 55 , an arm cylinder 56 , a bucket 58 and a bucket cylinder 59 .
- the boom 53 is a V-shaped component connected to the main unit 40 via the swing portion 41 and is rotated by the boom cylinder 54 .
- the arm 55 is connected to the tip of the boom 53 and rotated by an arm cylinder 56 .
- a bucket 58 is connected to the tip of the arm 55 and rotated by a bucket cylinder 59 . It is also possible to attach a breaker or the like to the tip of the arm 55 instead of the bucket 58 .
- the drone 100 of this embodiment includes a flight device 101, an imaging device 102, a power receiving device 103, a sensor group 104, a battery 105, a second communication device 106, a second memory 107, and a UAV control device 108.
- the flight device 101 has a motor (not shown) and a plurality of propellers, and generates thrust to float the drone 100 in the air and to move the drone 100 in the air.
- the number of drones 100 that land on the take-off/landing section can be arbitrarily set.
- the configuration of each drone 100 may be the same, or a part thereof may be changed.
- the size of each drone 100 may be the same or may be different.
- the imaging device 102 is a digital camera that has a lens, an imaging device, an image processing engine, and the like, and captures moving images and still images. In this embodiment, the imaging device 102 performs surveying and imaging of excavated locations.
- the lens of the imaging device 102 is attached to the side surface (front) of the drone 100, but the lens of the imaging device 102 may be attached to the bottom surface of the drone 100, and a plurality of lenses may be attached. may be provided in the drone 100.
- a moving mechanism may be provided to move the lens attached to the side face downward.
- a mechanism for rotating the imaging device 102 around the Z-axis may be provided to position the lens of the imaging device 102 at an arbitrary position around the Z-axis.
- an omnidirectional camera 360-degree camera
- a three-dimensional scanner may be used instead of the imaging device 102.
- the power receiving device 103 has a power receiving coil and a charging circuit provided on the leg 109 of the drone 100 and charges the battery 105 with power from the power transmitting device 15 .
- the battery 105 is a secondary battery connected to the power receiving device 103, and can be a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, or the like, but is not limited thereto. Battery 105 is capable of supplying power to flight device 101 , imaging device 102 , second communication device 106 , second memory 107 and UAV controller 108 .
- the sensor group 104 includes GNSS, an infrared sensor for avoiding collision between the drone 100 and other devices (for example, the work device 60), an air pressure sensor for measuring altitude, a magnetic sensor for detecting orientation, and sensors for detecting the direction of the drone 100.
- a gyro sensor that detects an attitude an acceleration sensor that detects acceleration acting on the drone 100, and the like.
- the second communication device 106 has a wireless communication unit, accesses a wide area network such as the Internet, and communicates with the first communication device 48 .
- the second communication device 106 transmits image data captured by the imaging device 102 and detection results detected by the sensor group 104 to the first communication device 48, and receives flight commands from the first communication device 48. For example, it transmits to the UAV control device 108 .
- the second memory 107 is a non-volatile memory (for example, flash memory), stores various data and programs for flying the drone 100, and stores image data captured by the imaging device 102 and detections detected by the sensor group 104. It stores results and the like.
- non-volatile memory for example, flash memory
- the UAV control device 108 includes a CPU, an attitude control circuit, a flight control circuit, etc., and controls the drone 100 as a whole. Also, the UAV control device 108 determines the charging timing at the takeoff/landing part from the remaining amount of the battery 105, and controls the imaging position, angle of view, frame rate, and the like of the imaging device 102. FIG.
- the drone 100 surveys the excavation area prior to excavation by the work device 60, and during the excavation by the work device 60, images are taken from the sky, and the bucket Since the bucket can be imaged in the vicinity of 58, excavation can be performed even if the operator is not in the excavation area.
- the drone 100 captures images at the take-off and landing section, the images can be captured from substantially the same position as the driver's seat of the conventional hydraulic excavator.
- the second drone 100 can be charged at the takeoff and landing section, so the first drone 100 and The second drone 100 can be alternately flown.
- the number of drones 100 may be three or more.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart executed by the heavy equipment control device 50 of this embodiment. It should be noted that the flowchart of FIG. 5 is assumed to be performed while the drive system 10 is being driven.
- the heavy machinery control device 50 determines whether or not the hydraulic excavator 1 has an abnormality (step S1). Here, the heavy equipment control device 50 determines whether or not ammonia is leaking from the output of the leak sensor 13. If ammonia is not leaking, the process proceeds to step S2, and if ammonia is leaking, the process proceeds to step S6. Stop 1. When the hydraulic excavator 1 is to be stopped due to ammonia leaking, the heavy machinery control device 50 opens an opening (not shown) of the main unit 40 so that the ammonia concentration does not remain in the main unit 40 in a high concentration state. do.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 may move a part of the engine 11 and the fuel tank 12 to the outside of the main unit 40 by driving the countermass motor 46 to move the countermass 43 . .
- the ammonia concentration in the main unit 40 can be lowered, and the maintainability of the engine 11 and the fuel tank 12 can be improved.
- an opening (not shown) may be provided in the cover 19, and the opening (not shown) may be opened by a motor (not shown) when ammonia is leaking. It is desirable that the opening of the opening (not shown) be performed at the timing when a portion of the counter mass 43 is exposed to the outside of the main unit 40 .
- the heavy machinery control device 50 performs excavation using the work device 60 based on a program for automatic operation of the work device 60 stored in the first memory 49, for example, based on the results of surveying using the drone 100 (step S2).
- the automatic operation program of the work device 60 is executed based on the position of the hydraulic excavator 1 positioned by the first GNSS 47 , the height of the excavated object at the excavation point, and specifications such as the excavation range of the work device 60 .
- This program also includes control of the travel device 20, the swing device 30, the swing cylinder 42, and the like. It should be noted that the excavation in step S2 may be remotely operated by an operator in a remote location instead of being automatically operated.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 determines whether it is necessary to correct the unbalanced load acting on the hydraulic excavator 1 by driving the countermass 43 by driving the work device 60 in step S2 (step S3).
- the weight of the countermass 43 is set such that it is not necessary to move the countermass 43 by driving the working device 60 when the fuel tank 12 is full.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 makes a determination in step S3 based on the output of a fuel gauge (not shown) provided in the fuel tank 12. It is assumed that the heavy equipment control device 50 determines that the remaining amount of the fuel tank 12 is less than 50%, for example, and proceeds to step S4. Also, when the remaining amount of fuel in the fuel tank 12 is 50% or more, the heavy equipment control device 50 proceeds to step S5, which will be described later. Note that the heavy equipment control device 50 moves the counter mass 43 based on the output of the attitude detector 18 instead of the output of the fuel gauge (not shown) or in combination with the output of the fuel gauge (not shown). You may make it judge whether to carry out.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 drives the countermass motor 46 to move the countermass 43 together with the engine 11, the fuel tank 12, and the generator 14 (step S4).
- the main unit 40 is preferably provided with an alarm. For example, it is desirable to provide a warning light on the main unit 40 to visually call attention, or to provide a speaker on the main unit 40 to audibly call attention, or both.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 determines whether or not the work by the working device 60 has ended (step S5). The heavy equipment control device 50 repeats steps S1 to S5 until the scheduled excavation work is completed, and proceeds to step S6 when the scheduled excavation work is completed.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 performs control to stop the hydraulic excavator 1 (step S6). Specifically, when the work device 60 is moved to the initial position and the counter mass 43 is moved to the outside of the main unit 40, the heavy equipment control device 50 moves the counter mass 43 to the inside of the main unit 40.
- the initial position means that the working device 60 is in a position where an unbalanced load is unlikely to occur (that is, a position where the portion extending in the X direction is small).
- the heavy equipment control device 50 stops driving the excavator 1, and ends this flowchart.
- the space where the driver's seat is eliminated is used to provide the countermass 43 along the XY plane perpendicular to the Z direction, and the countermass 43 includes the engine 11, the fuel tank 12, and the generator 14. is placed (held), the weight of the counter mass 43 can be reduced, and the hydraulic excavator 1 with a high degree of layout freedom can be realized.
- the fuel tank 12 is arranged on the other end side (-X side) of the main unit 40, but the engine 11 may be arranged on the other end side of the main unit 40, and the generator 14 may be arranged on the other end side of the main unit 40 .
- an ammonia concentration meter may be provided in the main unit 40, and when the ammonia concentration exceeds, for example, 20 ppm, the above-described alarm device may notify visually or audibly.
- a photovoltaic power generation device may be provided on the upper surface or the side surface of the main unit 40 and the electric power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device may be used to drive the hydraulic excavator 1 .
- the photovoltaic device may use, for example, perovskite solar cells.
- a perovskite solar cell is a solar cell using perovskite crystals, and because it is flexible, it can be attached to a structure having a curved surface. Moreover, since the perovskite solar cell is lightweight, it is possible to suppress an increase in the weight of the excavator 1 .
- the generator 14 when ammonia or the like, which does not emit greenhouse gases, is used as the fuel for the engine 11, a construction machine that emits less greenhouse gases can be realized. Note that light oil, gasoline, or the like may be used instead of ammonia if the emission of greenhouse gases is permitted.
- the generator 14 When the generator 14 is placed on the counter mass 34, the length of wiring for various cylinders and motors to which power is supplied from the generator 14 is determined in consideration of the movement stroke of the counter mass 34. It should be longer. Instead of this, the power supply from the generator 14 to various cylinders, various motors, etc. may be a spatial transmission type power supply (wireless power supply).
- FIGS. 6 to 9 The second embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9. The same reference numerals are given to the same components as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted or simplified.
- illustration of the shield member 16, the cover 19, the antenna 48a, the drone 100, etc. is omitted in order to avoid complication of the drawing.
- 6A and 6B are schematic diagrams of a hydraulic excavator 1 representing an example of a construction machine representing the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6A is a top view
- FIG. 6B is a front view. The broken portion is shown as a partial cross-section.
- the turning device 30 and the main body device 40 are divided into two, and the work device 60 is two.
- the two pivots 30 are described as an upper pivot 30a and a lower pivot 30b.
- the swing motor 31 of the first embodiment is made up of two, an upper swing motor 31a and a lower swing motor 31b.
- the two main units 40 will be described as an upper main unit 40a and a lower main unit 40b. Since the construction of the two working devices 60 is the same as that of the first embodiment, one is designated as a working device 60a and the other is designated as a working device 60b. b.
- the upper body device 40a can be turned by an upper turning device 30a having bearings.
- the upper body device 40a also functions as a storage section, and includes the engine 11, the fuel tank 12, the generator 14, the countermass 43, and part of the upper turning motor 31a for turning the upper body device 40a. etc. is stored.
- the countermass 43 has a rectangular shape in the first embodiment, but has a circular shape in the present embodiment. 14 are placed. The shape of the counter mass 43 can be set arbitrarily.
- the unbalanced load acting on the excavator 1 due to the driving of the working device 60b can be corrected by the load of the working device 60a.
- the working device 60a is moved to -X, the unbalanced load acting on the hydraulic excavator 1 due to the driving of the working device 60a can be more corrected. Therefore, the weight of the counter mass 43 can be reduced or the counter mass 43 can be omitted in order to correct the unbalanced load by the load of the engine 11 and the generator 14 arranged on one end side of the counter mass 43. It is possible. Alternatively, only one of the engine 11 and the generator 14 may be mounted on the counter mass 43 to correct the unbalanced load.
- the fuel tank 12 has a cylindrical shape, which contributes to stabilizing the weight balance of the upper main unit 40a rather than correcting the unbalanced load. Therefore, the fuel tank 12 is not placed on the countermass 43 . Further, since the fuel tank 12 is used to stabilize the weight balance of the upper body device 40a, the reduction of the fuel in the fuel tank 12 does not affect the correction of the unbalanced load.
- the attitude detector 18 is preferably provided in the upper main unit 40a.
- an opening is formed in the center of the lower portion of the upper main unit 40a, and an upper slip ring 35 forming part of a slip ring mechanism, which will be described later, is engaged with this opening.
- the upper slip ring 35 has an opening, and wiring for supplying electric power to the lower turning motor 31b and the traveling motor 24 is routed through the opening. A part of the upper slip ring 35 turns along with the turning of the upper main body device 40a.
- the slip ring mechanism includes a lower slip ring 36, a fixed portion 37 connected to the non-rotating portion of the upper slip ring 35 and the non-rotating portion of the lower slip ring 36. have.
- the lower slip ring 36 is provided on the lower main body device 40b and supports the fixing portion 37 from the outside.
- the fixed part 37 is provided so as to penetrate the lower turning device 30b, and has an opening for routing the wiring from the upper slip ring 35. As shown in FIG. Therefore, even if the upper main body device 40a or the lower main body device 40b turns, the wires are routed by the slip ring mechanism, so that the wires are not tangled or disconnected. In addition, you may make it route piping of liquids (hydraulic pressure, water), gas, etc. using this slip-ring mechanism as needed.
- the lower body device 40b can be turned by a lower turning device 30b having bearings.
- the lower main unit 40b is connected to the working device 60a via the swing portion 41a and the swing cylinder 42a on the -X direction side, and is connected to the working device 60b via the swing portion 41b and the swing cylinder 42b on the +X direction side. ing. It is preferable that the working device 60a and the working device 60b are arranged symmetrically with respect to the lower main body device 40b. Further, by connecting the working device 60a and the working device 60b to the lower body device 40b, it is possible to prevent the center of gravity of the hydraulic excavator 1 from becoming high.
- the lower body device 40b accommodates a part of the lower turning motor 31b and the lower slip ring 36, and an opening for penetrating the fixing portion 37 is formed near the central portion.
- a large space is formed inside the lower main unit 40b. Therefore, maintenance tools for the hydraulic excavator 1, various replacement parts, the drone 100, replacement parts for the drone 100, and the like may be stored inside the lower main body device 40b. Further, when various cylinders are hydraulically driven, a hydraulic unit may be arranged inside the lower body device 40b.
- the upper body device 40a and the lower body device 40b are not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be of any shape.
- the fuel tank 12 is placed on the counter mass 43 and the counter mass 43 is driven by the counter mass motor 46 .
- the pair of sliders 44, the pair of bases 45, and the countermass motor 46 can be omitted.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart executed by the heavy equipment control device 50 of this embodiment
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an excavation operation
- FIG. 8(b) is a diagram showing the state during excavation
- FIG. 8(c) is a diagram showing the state when excavation is completed
- FIG. 8(d) is a diagram showing the state after turning.
- . 9A and 9B are diagrams showing the operation following the excavating operation in FIG. 8,
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing the state of loading
- FIG. FIG. 9(c) is a diagram showing a state after the upper body device 40a is turned
- FIG. 9(d) is a diagram showing a state during excavation.
- FIG. 7 The flowchart of FIG. 7 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. 8 and 9, like FIG. 6, a portion surrounded by a dotted line is shown as a partial cross-sectional view. Also, in FIGS. 8 and 9, some symbols are omitted in order to avoid complication of the drawings.
- the initial position means that the two working devices 60 are at a position where an unbalanced load is unlikely to occur (that is, a position where the portion extending in the X direction is small).
- a part of the process may be performed by a worker in a remote location, for example, away from the civil engineering site.
- the heavy machinery control device 50 determines whether or not preparations for excavation by the hydraulic excavator 1 have been completed (step S11). As shown in FIG. 8A, the heavy equipment control device 50 is in a state where the hydraulic excavator 1 has arrived at the excavation site and is ready for excavation, and the dump truck 70 has arrived at the loading site. If the excavation preparation is completed, the process proceeds to step S12, otherwise step S11 is repeated. Here, it is assumed that preparation for excavation has been completed, and the process proceeds to step S12.
- the heavy machinery control device 50 performs excavation using a bucket 58a that constitutes a part of the working device 60a (step S12).
- the heavy equipment control device 50 flies the drone 100 in the vicinity of the bucket 58a and captures an image of the excavation operation with the bucket 58a with the imaging device 102, thereby confirming the excavation situation.
- the working device 60a and the working device 60b have the same configuration and therefore the same weight. However, as shown in FIG.
- the hydraulic excavator 1 when the work device 60a extends in the -X direction and the excavated material is accommodated in the bucket 58a, the hydraulic excavator 1 is subjected to a biased load in the -X direction. Therefore, in this embodiment, the offset load is corrected by positioning the engine 11 and the generator 14, which are housed in the upper main unit 40a and mounted by the countermass 43, in the +X direction. .
- the heavy equipment control device 50 determines whether excavation by the bucket 58a has ended (step S13).
- the heavy equipment control device 50 determines that the excavation by the bucket 58a is completed when it is determined that the bucket 58a contains a predetermined amount of excavated material from the image captured by the imaging device 102 of the drone 100 .
- a remote worker may determine whether or not the excavation by the bucket 58a has been completed based on the imaging result of the imaging device 102 of the drone 100 .
- a weight scale may be provided on the bucket 58a so that the heavy equipment control device 50 may determine whether or not a predetermined amount of excavated material has been stored in the bucket 58a based on the measurement result of the weight scale.
- step S14 it is assumed that the excavation by the bucket 58a is completed and the process proceeds to step S14.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 determines that the excavation by the bucket 58a is completed, it moves the working device 60a to the initial position as shown in FIG. 8(c). This is for the purpose of reducing the unbalanced load acting on the lower main body device 40b and the like due to the turning by the work device 60a in step S14, and for the safe turning.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 rotates the upper main body device 40a by 180 degrees with the upper turning motor 31a, and turns the lower main body device 40b by 180 degrees with the lower turning motor 31b (step S14).
- the lower body device 40b is turned to load the excavated material stored in the bucket 58a onto the dump truck 70 and to move the bucket 58b, which constitutes a part of the work device 60b, to the excavation position.
- the reason why the upper body device 40a is turned is to correct the unbalanced load acting on the hydraulic excavator 1 due to the turning of the lower body device 40b. As a result, it is possible to prevent the hydraulic excavator 1 from floating or overturning when the lower main unit 40b is turned.
- FIG. 8(d) is a view showing the turning in step S14, in which the bucket 58a is positioned on the +X direction side, and the bucket 58b and the fuel tank 12 are positioned on the -X direction side.
- the heavy machinery control device 50 drives and controls the work device 60a to load the excavated material accommodated in the bucket 58a onto the dump truck 70 (step S15).
- the heavy equipment control device 50 flies the drone 100 in the vicinity of the bucket 58a and causes the imaging device 102 to image the loading operation by the bucket 58a, thereby confirming the loading operation.
- the heavy machine control device 50 may finely adjust the position of the work device 60a by using the swing portion 41a and the swing cylinder 42a in step S15.
- the heavy machinery control device 50 determines whether or not the loading operation by the bucket 58a has been completed based on the image captured by the image capturing device 102 or the measurement result of the weighing scale (step S16). The determination in step S16 may be made by a remote operator. When the loading work is completed, the heavy machinery control device 50 moves the working device 60a to the initial position as shown in FIG. 9(b).
- the heavy machinery control device 50 rotates the upper body device 40a by 180 degrees to prepare for excavation work by the work device 60b (step S17).
- the engine 11 and the generator 14 are positioned on the +X direction side as shown in FIG. Uneven load can be corrected.
- the excavation work by the work device 60b can be started early.
- the working device 60b may be moved from the initial position to the excavating position while the working device 60a is being moved to the initial position and the upper body device 40a is being rotated. As a result, the excavation work by the work device 60b can be started more quickly.
- FIG. 10 Note that the unbalanced load correction of the hydraulic excavator 1 by turning the upper body device 40a is possible even when an unexpected load acts on the hydraulic excavator 1 .
- the heavy machinery control device 50 may turn the upper body device 40a based on the output of the attitude detector 18.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 determines whether or not a predetermined amount of excavation has been completed (step S18). Here, the heavy equipment control device 50 returns to step S12 assuming that the predetermined amount of excavation has not yet been completed. Then, the heavy machine control device 50 performs a series of excavation operations by the work device 60b, and then alternately repeats excavation by the work device 60a and excavation by the work device 60b until a predetermined excavation amount is reached.
- a program for executing the flowchart of FIG. 7 is stored in the first memory 49 . Note that step S1 of the flowchart of FIG. 5 may be added to the flowchart of FIG. 7 to detect an abnormality such as ammonia leakage.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 the flowchart of FIG. 7 may be executed by a plurality of drones 100.
- the imaging by the imaging device 102 of the drone 100 may be performed not only during flight but also while landing on the take-off/landing section of the upper main unit 40a.
- the image captured by the image capturing device 102 from the take-off/landing section of the upper main unit 40a can be used as an image visually recognized by the operator from the conventional driver's seat.
- the UAV control device 108 recognizes the bucket 58 with the infrared sensor of the sensor group 104, thereby avoiding collision between the bucket 58 and the drone 100.
- the heavy equipment control device 50 may perform imaging by the imaging device 102 of the drone 100 in order to determine whether or not maintenance is required when the hydraulic excavator 1 fails. Also in this embodiment, it is possible to realize the hydraulic excavator 1 that emits less greenhouse gases.
- FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) are schematic diagrams of a hydraulic excavator 1 representing an example of a construction machine representing the third embodiment, and show a part surrounded by a dotted line as a partial cross-sectional view. 10(a) and 10(b), shield member 16, cover 19, antenna 48a, drone 100, etc. are omitted in order to avoid complication of the drawings.
- the third embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b), but the same components as in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Simplify.
- the third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that the engine 11 and the generator 14 are arranged closer to the upper body device 40a than the fuel tank 12 is. Further, in the third embodiment, the engine 11, the fuel tank 12, and the generator 14 are placed on the countermass 43. As shown in FIG. For this reason, it differs from the second embodiment in that the fuel tank 12 is used as a mass body for correcting the unbalanced load acting on the hydraulic excavator 1 . Therefore, the weight of the counter mass 43 of the third embodiment can be made lighter than the weight of the counter mass 43 of the second embodiment.
- the counter mass 43 may be moved to the outside of the upper main unit 40a by the counter mass motor 46 as in the first embodiment. As a result, maintenance of the engine 11, the generator 14, etc. can be performed outside the upper body device 40a.
- the upper main body device 40a is used as a housing portion, and the two working devices 60 are connected to the lower main body device 40b through the swing portion 41 and the swing cylinder 42.
- the lower main body device 40b may be used as a housing portion, and two work devices 60 may be connected to the upper main body device 40a via the swing portion 41 and the swing cylinder 42.
- the drone 100 assists the hydraulic excavator 1, so automated civil engineering work can be efficiently realized.
- ammonia is supplied to the engine 11 to drive the hydraulic excavator 1.
- hydrogen and a fuel cell may be used to drive the hydraulic excavator 1. good.
- high-pressure hydrogen gas may be stored in the fuel tank 12 and supplied to the fuel cell.
- a fuel tank storing hydrogen gas, a fuel cell, or the like may be placed on the countermass 43 .
- the hydraulic excavator 1 may be driven using methane.
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Abstract
Description
また、温室効果ガスの排出の少ない車両の開発が行われており、バックホウにも燃料電池を適用することが特許文献2に開示されている。
また、特許文献2は、燃料電池については詳細な開示があるものの、建設機械にどのように燃料電池を搭載するかの開示は無かった。このため、温室効果ガスの排出の少ない建設機械は実現されていなかった。
また、本第2発明では、温室効果ガスの排出の少ない建設機械を提供することを目的とする。
本第2発明に係る建設機械は、旋回部の旋回により旋回可能な本体部と、前記本体部の一端側に接続された作業装置と、前記本体部の他端側の内部に設けられ、温室効果ガスを排出しない液体燃料を貯蔵する液体タンクと、前記本体部に設けられ、無人飛行体の離着陸が可能な離着陸部と、を備えている。
本第3発明に係る建設機械は、第1旋回部の旋回により旋回可能な本体部と、前記本体部の一端側に接続された第1作業装置と、前記本体部の他端側に接続された第2作業装置と、前記第1旋回部とは異なる第2旋回部により旋回可能な収容部と、前記収容部に設けられ、温室効果ガスを排出しない液体燃料を貯蔵する液体タンクと、を備えている。
本第2発明および第3発明によれば、温室効果ガスを排出しない液体燃料を用いているので、温室効果ガスの排出の少ない建設機械を実現することができる。
図1は、本実施形態を表す油圧ショベル1を示す概要図であり、図1(a)は上面図であり、図1(b)は正面図である。図2は、図1(b)の油圧ショベル1のカウンタマス43が-X方向に移動した際の建設機械の概要図である。また、図3は図1、図2のA-A矢視図であり、図3(a)は図1(b)のA-A矢視図であり、図3(b)は図2(b)のA-A矢視図である。図4は本第1実施形態の主要部のブロック図である。
燃料タンク12は、本実施形態では液体状態のアンモニア(NH3)を貯蔵するものであり、内部には不図示の残量計が設けられている。液体状態のアンモニアは不図示の気化器により気化され、気化されたアンモニアが空気とともにエンジン11により燃焼される。なお、燃料タンク12を複数設けてアンモニアの貯蔵タンクと、軽油の貯蔵タンクとしてもよい。この場合、エンジン11は、アンモニアと軽油とを混焼する混焼タイプのエンジンとすればよい。
また、本体装置40の上面にある送電装置15がドローン100の離着陸部となっている。
また、送電装置15は、上述の近接接合型ではなく、空間伝送型としてもよい。空間伝送型の電力供給は、マイクロ波などの電磁波を用いて数メートルから数十メートル離れた対象物(本実施形態ではドローン100の受電装置103)に電力を供給するものである。
スイングシリンダ42の伸縮により、作業装置60は、図1(a)の時計方向または反時計方向に駆動される。
また、アームシリンダ56は、発電機14から供給される電力により伸縮動作がなされて、アーム55を駆動するシリンダである。
また、バケットシリンダ59は、発電機14から供給される電力により伸縮動作がなされて、バケット58を駆動するシリンダである。
なお、本実施形態では、発電機14からの電力によりスイングシリンダ42と、ブームシリンダ54と、アームシリンダ56と、バケットシリンダ59とを駆動させたが、油圧を用いてこれらのシリンダを駆動してもよい。
第1通信装置48は、アンテナ48aと、送信機と、受信機と、各種回路などを有し、後述の第2通信装置106やインターネット等の広域ネットワークにアクセスする無線通信ユニットである。本実施形態において、第1通信装置48は、第1GNSS47が検出した油圧ショベル1の位置に基づいて、ドローン100の飛行経路を第2通信装置106へ通信する。なお、図1では2つのアンテナ48aを図示しているが、その数は1つでもよく、3つ以上でもよい。
アーム55は、ブーム53の先端に接続されており、アームシリンダ56により回動するものである。
バケット58は、アーム55の先端に接続されており、バケットシリンダ59により回動するものである。なお、バケット58に代えて、アーム55の先端にブレーカなどを取り付けることも可能である。
飛行装置101は、不図示のモータと、複数のプロペラと、を有しており、ドローン100を空中に浮上させるとともに、空中での移動を行う推力を発生させるものである。なお、前述したように離着陸部に着陸するドローン100の機数は任意に設定することができる。また、それぞれのドローン100の構成も同じでもよく、その一部を変更してもよい。更に、それぞれのドローン100の大きさも同じとしてもよく、異なる大きさとしてもよい。
バッテリー105は、受電装置103に接続された二次電池であり、リチウムイオン二次電池やリチウムポリマー二次電池などを用いることができるがこれに限定されるものではない。バッテリー105は、飛行装置101と、撮像装置102と、第2通信装置106と、第2メモリ107と、UAV制御装置108とに電力を供給することが可能である。
重機制御装置50は、油圧ショベル1に異常が生じていないかどうかの判断を行う(ステップS1)。ここで、重機制御装置50は、漏れセンサ13の出力からアンモニアが漏れていないかどうかを判断し、アンモニアが漏れていなければステップS2に進み、アンモニアが漏れていればステップS6に進んで油圧ショベル1を停止する。なお、重機制御装置50は、アンモニアが漏れていて油圧ショベル1を停止する場合には、本体装置40の不図示の開口部を開けて、アンモニア濃度が高い状態で本体装置40に残留しないようにする。なお、重機制御装置50は、カウンタマス用モータ46を駆動してカウンタマス43を移動させることにより、エンジン11の一部と燃料タンク12とを本体装置40の外側に移動させるようにしてもよい。これにより、本体装置40内のアンモニア濃度を下げるとともに、エンジン11と燃料タンク12とのメンテナンス性を向上することができる。また、カバー19に不図示の開口部を設け、アンモニアが漏れていた場合には、この不図示の開口部を不図示のモータにより開口するようにしてもよい。なお、この不図示の開口部の開口は、カウンタマス43の一部が本体装置40の外側に出たタイミングで行うことが望ましい。
重機制御装置50は、例えばドローン100を用いて行った測量結果に基づいて、第1メモリ49に記憶されている作業装置60の自動運転のプログラムに基づき作業装置60を用いた掘削を行う(ステップS2)。作業装置60の自動運転のプログラムは、第1GNSS47が測位した油圧ショベル1の位置や、掘削地点における掘削物の高さや、作業装置60の掘削範囲などの諸元などに基づき実行される。また、このプログラムには、走行装置20や、旋回装置30や、スイングシリンダ42などの制御も含まれている。なお、ステップS2における掘削は自動運転に代えて遠隔地にいる作業者による遠隔操作でも構わない。
重機制御装置50は、必要に応じて走行装置20により油圧ショベル1を移動させた後に油圧ショベル1の駆動を停止して、本フローチャートを終了する。
なお、発電機14をカウンタマス34に載置させる場合には、カウンタマス34の移動ストローク分を考慮して発電機14から電力が供給される各種シリンダや、各種モータなどの配線の長さを長くしておけばよい。これに代えて、発電機14から各種シリンダや、各種モータなどへの電力供給は、空間伝送型の電力供給(無線給電)としてもよい。
以下、図6~図9を用いて第2実施形態につき説明するが、第1実施形態と同じ構成については同じ符号を付し、その説明を割愛もしくは簡略化する。なお、図6では、図面の複雑化を避けるためにシールド部材16,カバー19,アンテナ48aおよびドローン100などの図示を省略している。
図6は本第2実施形態を表す建設機械の一例を表す油圧ショベル1の概要図であり、図6(a)は上面図であり、図6(b)は正面図であり、点線で囲まれた部分を部分断面図として示している。
また、本実施形態では、燃料タンク12は、円筒形状となっており、偏荷重を補正するのではなく、上部本体装置40aの重量バランスを安定させるのに寄与している。このため、燃料タンク12は、カウンタマス43には載置されていない。また、燃料タンク12は、上部本体装置40aの重量バランスを安定させるために用いているため、燃料タンク12内の燃料の減少により、偏荷重の補正に影響を与えることがなくなる。なお、図6(a)、図6(b)では図示を省略したものの姿勢検出計18は、上部本体装置40aに設けることが好ましい。
なお、上部本体装置40aおよび下部本体装置40bは円柱状に限定されるものではなく、任意の形状とすることができる。
図7は本実施形態の重機制御装置50により実行されるフローチャートであり、図8は掘削動作を示す図であり、図8(a)は作業装置60がイニシャルポジションにあるときを示す図であり、図8(b)は掘削時の様子を示す図であり、図8(c)は掘削が終了時の様子を示す図であり、図8(d)は旋回後の様子を示す図である。また、図9は図8の掘削動作に続く動作を示す図であり、図9(a)は積込みの様子を示す図であり、図9(b)は作業装置60がイニシャルポジションにあるときを示す図であり、図9(c)は上部本体装置40aを旋回させた後の様子を示す図であり、図9(d)は掘削時の様子を示す図である。
また、重機制御装置50は、油圧ショベル1に故障が生じた際や、メンテナンスが必要かどうかを判断するために、ドローン100の撮像装置102による撮像を行うようにしてもよい。本実施形態においても、温室効果ガスの排出の少ない油圧ショベル1を実現することができる。
図10(a)、図10(b)は、本第3実施形態を表す建設機械の一例を表す油圧ショベル1の概要図であり、点線で囲まれた部分を部分断面図として示している。なお、図10(a)、図10(b)においては、図面の複雑化を避けるためにシールド部材16,カバー19,アンテナ48aおよびドローン100などの図示を省略している。以下、図10(a)、図10(b)を用いて第3実施形態につき説明するが、第1実施形態および第2実施形態と同じ構成については同じ符号を付し、その説明を割愛もしくは簡略化する。
12 燃料タンク 30 旋回装置 30a 上部旋回装置
30b 下部旋回装置 40 本体装置 40a 上部本体装置
40b 下部本体装置 43 カウンタマス 50 重機制御装置
60 作業装置 51 送電装置 100 ドローン
102 撮像装置 103 受電装置
Claims (20)
- 旋回部の旋回により旋回可能な本体部と、
前記本体部の一端側に接続された作業装置と、
前記本体部と前記作業装置との少なくとも一方を駆動する駆動システムと、
前記作業装置の駆動により前記本体部に作用する偏荷重を補正する質量体と、を備え、
前記質量体に前記駆動システムの少なくとも一部を保持させた建設機械。 - 前記駆動システムはエンジンを有し、
前記質量体は前記エンジンを保持している請求項1記載の建設機械。 - 前記駆動システムは燃料を貯蔵する燃料タンクを有し、
前記質量体は前記燃料タンクを保持している請求項1または請求項2記載の建設機械。 - 前記燃料タンクは温室効果ガスを排出しない燃料を貯蔵している請求項3記載の建設機械。
- 前記駆動システムは電力を供給する発電機を有し、
前記質量体は前記発電機を保持している請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の建設機械。 - 前記質量体は、前記作業装置の移動に応じて移動する請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の建設機械。
- 前記駆動システムで利用される燃料の漏れを検出する漏れ検出センサを備えた請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の建設機械。
- 前記漏れ検出センサは、気体状態の前記燃料を検出する請求項7記載の建設機械。
- 前記漏れ検出センサが前記燃料の漏れを検出した際に、前記質量体を前記本体部の外側に移動させる制御部を備えた請求項7または請求項8記載の建設機械。
- 前記質量体が移動することを報知する報知器を備えた請求項1から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の建設機械。
- 旋回部の旋回により旋回可能な本体部と、
前記本体部の一端側に接続された作業装置と、
前記本体部の他端側の内部に設けられ、温室効果ガスを排出しない液体燃料を貯蔵する液体タンクと、
前記本体部に設けられ、無人飛行体の離着陸が可能な離着陸部と、を備えた建設機械。 - 前記無人飛行体に電力を供給する電力供給部の一部が前記離着陸部に設けられている請求項11記載の建設機械。
- 前記電力供給部からのノイズを遮断する遮断部を設けた請求項12記載の建設機械。
- 前記本体部の上面にアンテナを設けた請求項11から請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の建設機械。
- 第1旋回部の旋回により旋回可能な本体部と、
前記本体部の一端側に接続された第1作業装置と、
前記本体部の他端側に接続された第2作業装置と、
前記第1旋回部とは異なる第2旋回部により旋回可能な収容部と、
前記収容部に設けられ、温室効果ガスを排出しない液体燃料を貯蔵する液体タンクと、を備えた建設機械。 - 前記液体タンクが貯蔵する前記液体燃料はアンモニアである請求項15記載の建設機械。
- 前記第1旋回部と、前記第2旋回部と、前記第1作業装置と、前記第2作業装置と、を制御する制御装置を備えた請求項15または請求項16記載の建設機械。
- 前記制御装置は、前記第1旋回部と前記第2旋回部とを旋回させる制御と、前記第1旋回部を旋回せずに前記第2旋回部を旋回する制御と、を行う請求項17記載の建設機械。
- 前記制御装置は、前記第1作業装置と前記第2作業装置との少なくとも一方が前記旋回とは異なる動作を行う際に、前記第2旋回部を旋回させる請求項17または請求項18記載の建設機械。
- 前記収容部は前記本体部の上方に設けられている請求項15から請求項19のいずれか一項に記載の建設機械。
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Citations (9)
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JPH0872564A (ja) * | 1994-09-06 | 1996-03-19 | Kubota Corp | バックホウ |
JP2003213728A (ja) * | 2002-01-28 | 2003-07-30 | Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd | 作業機械 |
JP2006057291A (ja) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-03-02 | Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd | 作業機械のカウンタウエイト |
JP2013011144A (ja) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-17 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | カウンタウエイト脱着装置用油圧回路 |
JP2013144869A (ja) * | 2012-01-13 | 2013-07-25 | Mitsuharu Fukashiro | 建設機械 |
JP2014009589A (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-20 | Caterpillar Inc | 機械のカウンタウェイトとして組み込まれるエネルギー貯蔵装置 |
US20160138242A1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2016-05-19 | Soo-Bong Hwang | Construction machine |
JP2020157924A (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | ヤンマーパワーテクノロジー株式会社 | 作業車両 |
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2021
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- 2021-12-17 JP JP2023503392A patent/JPWO2022185666A1/ja active Pending
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JPH026759U (ja) * | 1988-06-28 | 1990-01-17 | ||
JPH0872564A (ja) * | 1994-09-06 | 1996-03-19 | Kubota Corp | バックホウ |
JP2003213728A (ja) * | 2002-01-28 | 2003-07-30 | Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd | 作業機械 |
JP2006057291A (ja) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-03-02 | Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd | 作業機械のカウンタウエイト |
JP2013011144A (ja) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-17 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | カウンタウエイト脱着装置用油圧回路 |
JP2013144869A (ja) * | 2012-01-13 | 2013-07-25 | Mitsuharu Fukashiro | 建設機械 |
JP2014009589A (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-20 | Caterpillar Inc | 機械のカウンタウェイトとして組み込まれるエネルギー貯蔵装置 |
US20160138242A1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2016-05-19 | Soo-Bong Hwang | Construction machine |
JP2020157924A (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | ヤンマーパワーテクノロジー株式会社 | 作業車両 |
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