WO2022024529A1 - 圧電膜付き基板及び圧電素子 - Google Patents
圧電膜付き基板及び圧電素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022024529A1 WO2022024529A1 PCT/JP2021/020014 JP2021020014W WO2022024529A1 WO 2022024529 A1 WO2022024529 A1 WO 2022024529A1 JP 2021020014 W JP2021020014 W JP 2021020014W WO 2022024529 A1 WO2022024529 A1 WO 2022024529A1
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- piezoelectric film
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a substrate with a piezoelectric film and a piezoelectric element.
- PZT Lead zirconate titanate
- FeRAM Feroelectric Random Access Memory
- MEMS Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems
- the PZT film has been developed into various devices such as an inkjet head (actuator), a micromirror device, an angular velocity sensor, a gyro sensor, and a vibration power generation device.
- the PZT film that realizes the excellent piezoelectricity required for the above various devices is composed of crystals having a perovskite structure.
- lead (Pb) is a highly volatile and extremely unstable element, it is difficult to stably form a perovskite structure. Therefore, when the PZT film is formed on the substrate, the pyrochlore phase may be formed in the interface region where the initial nuclei are formed. The pyrochlore phase tends to be the starting point of exfoliation, and the provision of the pyrochlore phase tends to cause a decrease in piezoelectricity. Therefore, a method for stably forming a perovskite structure without forming a pyrochlore phase has been proposed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-069837 proposes to provide YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ under the piezoelectric film in order to obtain a stable PZT film having a perovskite phase.
- the metal oxide layer examples include SrRuO (strontium titanate), lithium nickelate, ruthenium oxide and the like.
- the metal oxide layer containing the amorphous portion has a function as a barrier layer for suppressing the movement of oxygen in the piezoelectric film to the electrode layer, and by this function, it has a function. It is described that it is possible to suppress a decrease in the piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric element.
- International Publication No. 2017/043333 discloses that it is possible to suppress a decrease in the piezoelectric constant by providing an amorphous metal oxide layer on the upper layer of the piezoelectric film regardless of whether or not it contains Pb.
- International Publication No. 2017/043333 does not describe the migration of Pb in a piezoelectric film made of a perovskite-type oxide containing Pb, and is particularly suitable for a piezoelectric film containing a perovskite-type oxide containing Pb. The composition has not been investigated.
- the problem of deterioration of piezoelectricity due to migration of Pb is not limited to PZT films, but is a problem common to piezoelectric films containing perovskite-type oxides containing Pb.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a substrate with a piezoelectric film provided with a piezoelectric film containing a perovskite-type oxide containing Pb, when applied as a piezoelectric element provided with an upper electrode layer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a substrate with a piezoelectric film capable of improving long-term reliability and a piezoelectric element having high long-term reliability.
- the piezoelectric film is a perovskite-type oxide represented by the general formula ABO 3 , and contains a perovskite-type oxide containing lead as a main component of A site.
- the buffer layer contains a first metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1). M d N 1-d O e (1) M consists of one or more metal elements substitutable for the A site of the perovskite oxide, and has an electronegativity of less than 0.95.
- N is at least one selected from the group of Sc, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Ir, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sn, In and Sb.
- O is an oxygen element
- d and e indicate composition ratios, and when 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ e ⁇ 3 and the electronegativity is X, 1.41X-1.05 ⁇ d ⁇ A1 ⁇ exp (-X / t1) + y0
- a growth control layer is further provided between the lower electrode layer and the piezoelectric film.
- M of the general formula (1) is at least one selected from the group of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Cd, and Bi.
- ⁇ 4> The substrate with a piezoelectric film according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein in the first metal oxide contained in the buffer layer, M of the general formula (1) contains Ba as a main component.
- M of the general formula (1) contains Ba as a main component.
- ⁇ 5> The substrate with a piezoelectric film according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein M of the general formula (1) is Ba in the first metal oxide contained in the buffer layer.
- d in the general formula (1) is 0.2 ⁇ d
- d in the general formula (1) is 0.3 ⁇ d
- d in the general formula (1) is 0.45 ⁇ d
- it is a substrate with a piezoelectric film provided with a piezoelectric film containing a perovskite-type oxide containing Pb, and is a piezoelectric film capable of improving long-term reliability when applied as a piezoelectric element provided with an upper electrode layer. It is possible to provide an attached substrate and a piezoelectric element having high long-term reliability.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the layer structure of the piezoelectric element 1 of the first embodiment including the substrate 5 with the piezoelectric film of the embodiment.
- the piezoelectric element 1 includes a substrate 5 with a piezoelectric film and an upper electrode layer 18.
- the substrate 5 with a piezoelectric film includes a lower electrode layer 12, a piezoelectric film 16, and a buffer layer 17 on the substrate 11 in this order.
- the piezoelectric element 1 is configured such that an electric field is applied to the piezoelectric film 16 by the lower electrode layer 12 and the upper electrode layer 18 in the layer thickness direction.
- the substrate 11 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include substrates such as silicon, glass, stainless steel (SUS), yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), alumina, sapphire, and silicon carbide.
- substrates such as silicon, glass, stainless steel (SUS), yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), alumina, sapphire, and silicon carbide.
- SUS stainless steel
- YSZ yttria-stabilized zirconia
- alumina aluminum oxide
- sapphire silicon carbide
- silicon carbide silicon carbide
- the lower electrode layer 12 is an electrode for applying a voltage to the piezoelectric film 16.
- the main component of the lower electrode layer 12 is not particularly limited, and gold (Au), Pt, iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), etc.
- Metals such as copper (Cu) and silver (Ag), metal oxides such as indium oxide (ITO: Indium Tin Oxide), iridium oxide (IrO 2 ), ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ), LaNiO 3 and SrRuO 3 , and These combinations can be mentioned. It is particularly preferable to use Ir as the lower electrode layer 12.
- the upper electrode layer 18 is a pair with the lower electrode layer 12 and is an electrode for applying a voltage to the piezoelectric film 16.
- the main component of the upper electrode layer 18 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the materials exemplified in the lower electrode layer 12, electrode materials generally used in semiconductor processes such as chromium (Cr), and combinations thereof. ..
- lower part and upper part do not mean up and down in the vertical direction, and the electrodes arranged on the substrate side across the piezoelectric film are arranged on the lower electrode and the side opposite to the base material with respect to the piezoelectric film.
- the electrode is simply called the upper electrode.
- the layer thickness of the lower electrode layer 12 and the upper electrode layer 18 is not particularly limited, and is preferably about 50 nm to 300 nm.
- the piezoelectric film 16 is a perovskite-type oxide represented by the general formula ABO 3 , and contains a perovskite-type oxide containing Pb as a main component of A site (hereinafter, referred to as a Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide).
- A is an A-site element having a perovskite structure
- B is a B-site element having a perovskite structure
- O is an oxygen element.
- the piezoelectric film 16 is basically made of a Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide. However, the piezoelectric film 16 may contain unavoidable impurities in addition to the Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide.
- Perovskite-type oxides are generally represented by ABO 3 .
- a "main component” means a component which occupies 50 mol% or more. That is, "containing Pb as the main component of A site” means that 50 mol% or more of the A site element is Pb.
- the elements other than Pb and the elements of B site in the A site in the Pb-containing perovskite oxide are not particularly limited.
- Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide for example, a perovskite-type oxide represented by the following general formula (2) is preferable.
- Pb and ⁇ are A-site elements, and ⁇ is at least one element other than Pb.
- Zr, Ti and ⁇ are B-site elements.
- a1 ⁇ 0.5, b1> 0, b2> 0, b3 ⁇ 0, and (a1 + a2) :( b1 + b2 + b3): c 1: 1: 3 is standard, but within a range in which a perovskite structure can be obtained. It may deviate from the standard value.
- the A-site elements other than Pb include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba). ), Lantern (La), strontium (Cd), bismuth (Bi) and the like.
- ⁇ is one or a combination of two or more of these.
- B-site elements other than Ti and Zr include scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and manganese (W). Mn), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), cobalt (Co), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), indium (In), tin ( Sn), antimony (Sb) and the like can be mentioned.
- ⁇ is one or a combination of two or more of these.
- the layer thickness of the piezoelectric film 16 is not particularly limited, and is usually 200 nm or more, for example, 0.2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the layer thickness of the piezoelectric film 16 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the buffer layer 17 contains a first metal oxide represented by the general formula (1).
- the buffer layer 17 is basically composed of a first metal oxide represented by the general formula (1).
- the buffer layer 17 may contain unavoidable impurities.
- M is composed of one or more metal elements that can be replaced with A sites of the Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide provided in the upper layer of the buffer layer 17, and has an electronegativity of less than 0.95.
- M contains at least one selected from the group of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Cd, and Bi as a main component within the range where the electronegativity is less than 0.95. Is preferable.
- the phrase "having at least one main component” means that the main component may be composed of only one element, or a combination of two or more elements may be used as the main component.
- M may contain a metal element substitutable for A sites other than the above metal element.
- the electronegativity of M is the sum of the electronegativity of each metal element x the content ratio of the metal element in M.
- N is at least one selected from the group of Sc, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Ir, Sn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, In and Sb. Is the main component.
- N consists of a metal species capable of functioning as a B-site element in a Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide. N may contain a B-site element other than the above metal element.
- O is an oxygen element.
- the composition ratio e varies depending on the valences of M and N and the composition ratio.
- the Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide is a metal element substitutable for A site and an element substitutable for B site depends on the size of the relative ions of the three types A, B, and O, that is, the ionic radius. Determined by. According to Netsu Sokutei 26 (3) 64-75, in perovskite-type oxides, A sites are 12-coordinated and B-sites are 6-coordinated. It will depend on the size of the two layers.
- the tolerance factor t is expressed as a quantitative measure, and is expressed by the following equation.
- rA, rB, and rO are the ionic radii at the respective positions of the A, B, and O ions, respectively.
- an element substitutable for A site and an element substitutable for B site are defined as having a tolerance factor of 1.05 to 0.90.
- the ionic radius the one in the ionic radius table created by Shannon is used. The ionic radius of Shannon is described in R. D. Schannon, Acta Crystallogr. A32, 751 (1976).
- FIG. 3 shows the range taken by the composition d of the metal M and the electronegativity X in the buffer layer 17 in the present embodiment.
- the range taken by the composition d of the metal M and the electronegativity X in the buffer layer 17 is a region sandwiched between the straight line of Mmin and the curve of Mmax, the electronegativity is 0.95 or less, and the composition ratio. It is a region shown by a diagonal line in the figure in which d is 1 or less.
- the piezoelectric film provided with the piezoelectric film made of a conventional perovskite-type oxide containing Pb is provided.
- the present inventors have found that the long-term reliability is improved as compared with the device (see Test 1 below).
- the piezoelectric film is formed even if the piezoelectric element 1 is driven for a long time.
- the decrease in piezoelectricity of 16 can be suppressed.
- Pb in the Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide constituting the piezoelectric film is likely to undergo migration due to long-term exposure to an electric field, and this migration of Pb may cause a decrease in the piezoelectric constant and a decrease in capacitance. be.
- the buffer layer 17 contains an element substitutable for the A site of the Pb-containing perovskite oxide, a pseudo Pb atmosphere can be created in the vicinity of the interface where Pb is likely to be deficient, and the perovskite structure can be formed. It is thought that stabilization can be achieved.
- a part of the A site of the perovskite structure at the interface of the piezoelectric film 16 with the buffer layer 17 is composed of M of the buffer layer 17.
- M is not doped over the entire area of the Pb-containing perovskite oxide constituting the piezoelectric film 16, there is no effect on the piezoelectricity.
- the perovskite structure is stabilized by the action of M at the interface, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the piezoelectric constant and a decrease in capacitance, and long-term reliability can be obtained.
- the buffer layer 17 since an oxide containing a highly reactive metal element having an electronegativity of less than 0.95 is used as the buffer layer 17, stabilization of the perovskite structure can be promoted and long-term reliability is improved. Can be made to. Since the allowable range of the composition ratio d of M d N 1-d Oe is wide, it is possible to suppress the complexity of temperature control when the area is increased during the film formation of the growth control layer, and the cost is high. It can be avoided.
- M contains Ba as a main component.
- the permissible range of d can be significantly expanded. It is particularly preferable that M is Ba. It should be noted that when M contains Ba, a higher effect of stabilization can be obtained as compared with the case where there is no buffer layer and the case where M contains a buffer layer that does not contain Ba.
- M d N 1-d Oe 0.2 ⁇ d is preferable, 0.3 ⁇ d is more preferable, and 0.45 ⁇ d is particularly preferable.
- d By setting d to 0.2 or more, it is possible to increase the choices of element species that can be used as M.
- d By setting d to 0.3 or more, the choices of element species that can be used as M can be further increased, and by setting d to 0.45 or more, the choices of element species can be further increased.
- N is preferably Ru, Ir, Sn, Zr, Ta, Ni, Co or Nb.
- N is these metals, it is easy to produce a target to be used at the time of sputter film formation at a high density because different phases are unlikely to appear.
- the buffer layer 17 has a high conductivity, so that the buffer layer 17 can also function as a part of the upper electrode layer 18.
- the layer thickness of the buffer layer 17 is preferably 0.5 nm or more and 200 nm or less, more preferably 1 nm or more and 100 m or less, and further preferably 5 nm or more and 75 nm or less.
- the layer thickness of the buffer layer 17 is 0.5 nm or more, the effect of suppressing the migration of Pb can be sufficiently obtained. Further, if it is 200 nm or less, it becomes possible to function as an electrode capable of ensuring piezoelectric characteristics.
- piezoelectric element of the second embodiment The layer structure of the piezoelectric element of the second embodiment is shown in FIG.
- the same elements as those of the piezoelectric element of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the piezoelectric element 2 of this embodiment includes a substrate 6 with a piezoelectric film of another embodiment and an upper electrode layer 18.
- the piezoelectric element 2 includes a growth control layer 14 between the lower electrode layer 12 and the piezoelectric film 16 in the piezoelectric element 1 of the first embodiment.
- the substrate 6 with a piezoelectric film includes a substrate 11, a lower electrode layer 12, a growth control layer 14, a piezoelectric film 16, and a buffer layer 17.
- the perovskite-type oxide containing Pb can be obtained by providing the buffer layer 17 satisfying the general formula (1) as in the piezoelectric element 1 of the first embodiment.
- the piezoelectric element 2 provided with the piezoelectric film 16 higher long-term reliability can be obtained as compared with a conventional piezoelectric element provided with a piezoelectric film made of a perovskite-type oxide containing Pb.
- the growth control layer 14 contains a second metal oxide represented by the general formula (1).
- the growth control layer 14 is basically composed of a second metal oxide represented by the general formula (1).
- the growth control layer 14 may contain unavoidable impurities.
- M is composed of one or more metal elements that can be replaced with A sites of the Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide provided in the upper layer of the growth control layer 14, and has an electronegativity of less than 0.95.
- M contains at least one selected from the group of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Cd, and Bi as a main component within the range where the electronegativity is less than 0.95. Is preferable.
- the phrase "having at least one main component” means that the main component may be composed of only one element, or a combination of two or more elements may be used as the main component.
- M may contain a metal element substitutable for A sites other than the above metal element.
- the electronegativity of M is the sum of the electronegativity of each metal element x the content ratio of the metal element in M.
- N is at least one selected from the group of Sc, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Ir, Sn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, In and Sb. Is the main component.
- N consists of a metal species capable of functioning as a B-site element in a Pb-containing perovskite-type oxide. N may contain a B-site element other than the above metal element.
- O is an oxygen element.
- the composition ratio e varies depending on the valences of M and N.
- the second metal oxide constituting the growth control layer 14 and the first metal oxide constituting the buffer layer 17 may have the same composition or satisfy the general formula (1), but are different from each other. It may be a metal oxide having a composition. If the first metal oxide has the same composition as the second metal oxide, the materials can be unified and the manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
- the piezoelectric film 16 made of a single-phase perovskite-type oxide having no pyrochlore phase can be formed by providing the growth control layer 14 satisfying the above conditions (Applicants). See International Publication No. 2020-250591, International Publication No. 2020-250632, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-20237, which have been previously filed by.).
- "there is no pyrochlore phase” means that the diffraction peak of the pyrochlore phase is not observed in the normal XRD (X-ray diffraction) measurement.
- the pyrochlore phase does not appear and the single layer Pb.
- the contained perovskite type oxide layer can be formed.
- the growth control layer 14 contains an element substitutable for the A site of the Pb-containing perovskite oxide. Therefore, it is possible to create a pseudo Pb atmosphere in the vicinity of the interface where the piezoelectric film 16 in the piezoelectric film 2 tends to be short of Pb, and it is possible to stably form a perovskite structure from the initial formation of the piezoelectric film 16. Conceivable. It is considered that the A site of the perovskite structure is partially composed of M of the growth control layer 14 at the interface of the piezoelectric film 16 with the growth control layer 14, but M is doped over the entire area of the Pb-containing perovskite. Since it is not, there is no effect on piezoelectricity.
- the perovskite structure is formed by the action of M at the interface, the formation of the pyrochlore phase can be suppressed, and the piezoelectric film can be formed without causing the pyrochlore phase.
- an oxide containing a highly reactive metal element having an electronegativity of less than 0.95 is used as the growth control layer, it is highly effective in complementing the Pb-missing A site at the initial stage of film formation. Therefore, the formation of the perovskite structure can be promoted, and the Pb-containing perovskite oxide can be stably grown.
- M is mainly Ba, and it is particularly preferable that M is Ba, as in the buffer layer 17.
- M contains Ba, the film formation temperature of the piezoelectric film provided on the growth control layer can be significantly lowered as compared with the case where there is no growth control layer and the case where M does not contain Ba. ..
- composition ratio d of M is the same as in the case of the buffer layer 17.
- the layer thickness of the growth control layer 14 is preferably 0.63 nm or more and 170 nm or less, more preferably 0.63 nm or more and 40 nm or less, and particularly preferably 0.63 m or more and 10 nm or less. If the layer thickness of the growth control layer 14 is 0.63 nm or more, the effect of suppressing the pyrochlore phase can be sufficiently obtained. Further, when it is 40 nm or less, the effect of obtaining a good perovskite phase is high.
- the metal N is preferably Ru, Ir, Sn, Zr, Ta, Ni, Co or Nb.
- N is these metals, it is easy to produce a target to be used at the time of sputter film formation at a high density because different phases are unlikely to appear.
- Ru, Ir, and Sn are contained, high conductivity can be obtained, so that the growth control layer 14 can also function as a part of the lower electrode layer 12.
- the composition of the buffer layer includes a plurality of piezoelectric element samples having different buffer layer compositions, and sample Nos. 1 to 20 were prepared and determined based on the results of long-term drive evaluation. The method of manufacturing and the evaluation method of the piezoelectric element sample used for the evaluation will be described below.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a piezoelectric element sample used for long-term drive evaluation.
- the piezoelectric element sample 20 includes a lower electrode layer 22, a growth control layer 24, and a piezoelectric film 26 on a 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm substrate 21, and a buffer layer 27 and an upper electrode layer 28 patterned on the piezoelectric film 26 for evaluation.
- the buffer layer 27 and the upper electrode layer 28 are circular with a diameter of 400 ⁇ m.
- a film-forming substrate 23 provided with a lower electrode layer 22 in which a 10 nm-thick Ti layer and a 150 nm-thick Ir layer were sequentially laminated on a 25 mm square Si substrate 21 on which a thermal oxide film of 1 ⁇ m was formed was prepared.
- ⁇ Film formation of growth control layer 24> A sputtering device manufactured by Pascal that can independently control multiple targets was used. The above-mentioned film-forming substrate 23 was placed in a sputtering apparatus, argon (Ar) was flowed so that the degree of vacuum was 0.8 Pa, and the substrate temperature was set to 500 ° C. For the film formation of the growth control layer 24 having different composition ratios, the growth control layer 24 was formed by using a co-sputtering method using a plurality of targets. The composition of the growth control layer 24 was adjusted in the same manner as the buffer layer 27 described later. Ba was used as M of M d N 1-d Oe , and Ru was used as N. The composition and thickness of the growth control layer in each sample are as shown in Table 1 below. For the sample not provided with the growth control layer 24, "None" is described in the column of the growth control layer in Table 1 below.
- RF radio frequency
- a Pb Zr 0.52-d / 2 Ti 0.48-d / 2 Nb d
- the distance between the target and the substrate was 60 mm.
- the film-forming substrate 23 provided with the growth control layer 24 is placed in the RF sputtering apparatus, the vacuum degree is 0.3 Pa, the Ar / O 2 mixed atmosphere (O 2 volume fraction 2.0%), and the film is charged into the target.
- a layer thickness of 1 to 3 ⁇ m Nb-doped PZT film was formed as the piezoelectric film 26 under the condition of a power of 500 W.
- the substrate temperature was set to 600 ° C. with the growth control layer and 750 ° C. without the growth control layer.
- ⁇ Buffer layer 27> A sputtering device manufactured by Pascal that can independently control multiple targets was used.
- the film-forming substrate 23 provided with the piezoelectric film 26 was placed in the sputtering apparatus, argon (Ar) was flowed so as to have a vacuum degree of 0.8 Pa, and the substrate temperature was set to 500 ° C.
- argon (Ar) was flowed so as to have a vacuum degree of 0.8 Pa, and the substrate temperature was set to 500 ° C.
- a co-splatting method using a plurality of targets was used.
- the target is not arranged directly under the substrate, but the substrate 23 and the target are arranged diagonally. This makes it possible to simultaneously sputter a plurality of targets in the same environment to form a film.
- the buffer layer 27 having a different composition was formed.
- Ba or Ba and Sr were used as M of M d N 1-d Oe , and Ru was used as N.
- Table 1 the numerical values in the columns of Ba and Sr are the ratios of Ba and Sr in M.
- the buffer layer composition was evaluated in advance, and the conditions for obtaining the buffer layer 27 having a desired composition ratio were set. Specifically, a substrate was separately prepared for the evaluation of the buffer layer composition, and the composition was evaluated by fluorescent X-ray (XRF: X-ray Flourescence) to determine the composition conditions. A PANalytical fluorescent X-ray device, Axios, was used as the evaluation device. In the condition setting process, the layer thickness for composition evaluation was set to 300 nm in order to obtain sufficient fluorescent X-ray intensity. For the layer thickness measurement, a tactile layer thickness meter Deck Tack 6M manufactured by ULVAC, Inc. was used.
- the composition was controlled by adjusting the input power to each target at the time of sputter film formation. In addition, the film formation time was adjusted so as to obtain a desired layer thickness. Using the conditions thus obtained, a sample 20 having a buffer layer 27 having each composition and thickness shown in Table 1 below was prepared. For the sample not provided with the buffer layer 27, “None" is described in the column of the growth control layer in Table 1 below.
- a film forming substrate 23 provided with a buffer layer 27 was installed in an RF sputtering apparatus, and an upper electrode layer made of an Ir layer was formed with Ar flowing so as to have a vacuum degree of 0.58 Pa.
- the samples Nos. 20 and 21 were used as an upper electrode layer having a two-layer structure of Ti 20 nm and Ir 100 nm. Of Ti and Ir, Ti was set to the piezoelectric film 26 side.
- a resist pattern having an opening of 400 ⁇ m ⁇ was formed on the piezoelectric film 26 before the buffer layer 27 was formed, and the buffer layer 27 and the upper portion were formed. After forming the electrode layer 28, the resist pattern was removed.
- ⁇ Long-term drive evaluation> A DC voltage of ⁇ 40 V was applied between the lower electrode layer 22 and the upper electrode layer 28, and the change in capacitance after 3 hours was measured. Capacitance was measured at the start of voltage application and 3 hours after the start of voltage application. Those whose capacitance was reduced by 30% or more from the initial stage were evaluated as B, and those whose capacitance was not reduced were evaluated as A. If the decrease in capacitance within 3 hours from the start of voltage application was suppressed to less than 30%, it was judged that the deterioration of the piezoelectric characteristics when the voltage application was repeated could be suppressed.
- Table 1 below shows the layer structure and evaluation results of each sample of the test example.
- FIG. 5 shows a graph in which each sample provided with a buffer layer among the samples shown in Table 1 is plotted with the electronegativity on the horizontal axis and the composition ratio d on the vertical axis.
- M max and M min are also shown in FIG.
- Table 1 a sample having an evaluation of A is indicated by a white circle marker ( ⁇ ), and a sample having an evaluation of B is indicated by a black circle marker ( ⁇ ). The number assigned in the vicinity of the marker is the sample No. Is shown.
- the regions sandwiched by the functions M max and M min were all samples of A or B evaluation. Based on the above test results, the possible electronegativity and composition ratio of the buffer layer were defined as M max ⁇ d ⁇ M min and X ⁇ 0.95.
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Abstract
Description
<1>
基板上に、下部電極層、圧電膜及びバッファ層をこの順に備えた圧電膜付き基板であって、
圧電膜が、一般式ABO3で表されるペロブスカイト型酸化物であって、鉛をAサイトの主成分として含有するペロブスカイト型酸化物を含み、
バッファ層が、下記一般式(1)で表される第1の金属酸化物を含み、
MdN1-dOe (1)
Mはペロブスカイト型酸化物のAサイトに置換可能な1以上の金属元素からなり、かつ、電気陰性度が0.95未満であり、
Nは、Sc、Zr、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Fe、Ru、Co、Ir,Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Sn、In及びSbの群より選択される少なくとも1つを主成分とし、
Oは酸素元素であり、
d、eは組成比を示し、0<d<1、1≦e≦3であって、電気陰性度をXとした場合、
1.41X-1.05≦d≦A1・exp(-X/t1)+y0
A1=1.68×1012,t1=0.0306,y0=0.59958である圧電膜付き基板。
<2>
下部電極層と圧電膜との間に、成長制御層をさらに備え、
成長制御層が、一般式(1)で表される第2の金属酸化物を含む、<1>に記載の圧電膜付き基板。
<3>
バッファ層に含まれる第1の金属酸化物において、一般式(1)のMが、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Cd、及びBiの群より選択される少なくとも1つを主成分とする<1>又は<2>に記載の圧電膜付き基板。
<4>
バッファ層に含まれる第1の金属酸化物において、一般式(1)のMがBaを主成分として含む、<1>又は<2>に記載の圧電膜付き基板。
<5>
バッファ層に含まれる第1の金属酸化物において、一般式(1)のMがBaである<1>又は<2>に記載の圧電膜付き基板。
<6>
バッファ層に含まれる第1の金属酸化物において、一般式(1)におけるdが、
0.2≦d
である<1>から<5>のいずれかに記載の圧電膜付き基板。
<7>
バッファ層に含まれる第1の金属酸化物において、一般式(1)におけるdが、
0.3≦d
である<1>から<5>のいずれかに記載の圧電膜付き基板。
<8>
バッファ層に含まれる第1の金属酸化物において、一般式(1)におけるdが、
0.45≦d
である<1>から<5>のいずれかに記載の圧電膜付き基板。
<9>
<1>から<8>のいずれかに記載の圧電膜付き基板と、
バッファ層上に備えられた上部電極層と、を備えた圧電素子。
図1は、一実施形態の圧電膜付き基板5を含む第1実施形態の圧電素子1の層構成を示す断面模式図である。図1に示すように、圧電素子1は、圧電膜付き基板5と、上部電極層18とを備える。圧電膜付き基板5は、基板11上に、下部電極層12、圧電膜16及びバッファ層17をこの順に備える。圧電素子1は、圧電膜16に対して、下部電極層12と上部電極層18とにより層厚方向に電界が印加されるように構成されている。
(Pba1αa2)(Zrb1Tib2βb3)Oc (2)
式中、Pb及びαはAサイト元素であり、αはPb以外の少なくとも1種の元素である。Zr,Ti及びβはBサイト元素である。a1≧0.5、b1>0、b2>0、b3≧0、であり、(a1+a2):(b1+b2+b3):c=1:1:3が標準であるが、ペロブスカイト構造を取り得る範囲内で標準値からずれてもよい。
MdN1-dOe (1)
ここで、Mはバッファ層17の上層に備えられるPb含有ペロブスカイト型酸化物のAサイトに置換可能な1以上の金属元素からなり、かつ、電気陰性度が0.95未満である。Mは、電気陰性度が0.95未満となる範囲で、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr,Ba,La、Cd、及びBiの群より選択される少なくとも1つを主成分とすることが好ましい。本明細書において「少なくとも1つを主成分とする」とは、1つの元素のみで主成分を構成するものとしてもよいし、2つ以上の元素の組み合わせを主成分としてもよいことを意味する。Mは上記金属元素以外のAサイトに置換可能な金属元素を含んでいてもよい。Mが2以上の金属元素からなる場合、Mの電気陰性度は、それぞれの金属元素の電気陰性度×その金属元素のM中における含有割合の和、とする。
Oは酸素元素である。
また、d、eは組成比を示し、0<d<1、1≦e≦3であって、Mの電気陰性度をXとした場合、
1.41X-1.05≦d≦A1・exp(-X/t1)+y0
A1=1.68×1012,t1=0.0306,y0=0.59958である。
なお、組成比eはM、Nの価数及び組成比に応じて変化する。
t=(rA+rO)/{√2(rB+rO)}
ここでrA,rB,rOはそれぞれA,B,Oイオンのそれぞれの位置でのイオン半径である。
通常ペロブスカイト型酸化物はt=1.05~0.90前後で出現し、理想的なペロブスカイト型構造はt=1で実現される。本明細書においては、Aサイトに置換可能な元素、Bサイトに置換可能な元素は、トレランスファクターが1.05~0.90を満たすものと定義する。なお、イオン半径はShannonにより作成されたイオン半径表のものを用いる。シャノンのイオン半径については、R. D. Schannon, Acta Crystallogr. A32, 751 (1976)に記載されている。
Mmax=A1・exp(-X/t1)+y0
Mmin=1.41X-1.05
である。
なお、MがBaを含む場合、バッファ層がない場合及びBaを含まないバッファ層を備えた場合と比較して、安定化のより高い効果を得ることができる。
dを0.2以上とすることで、Mとして用いることができる元素種の選択肢を増やすこができる。dを0.3以上とすることで、Mとして用いることができる元素種の選択肢をより増やすことができ、0.45以上とすることによって、さらに、元素種の選択肢を増やすことができる。
第2の実施形態の圧電素子の層構成を図2に示す。第1の実施形態の圧電素子と同じ要素には同一の符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。
MdN1-dOe (1)
ここで、Mは成長制御層14の上層に備えられるPb含有ペロブスカイト型酸化物のAサイトに置換可能な1以上の金属元素からなり、かつ、電気陰性度が0.95未満である。Mは、電気陰性度が0.95未満となる範囲で、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr,Ba,La、Cd、及びBiの群より選択される少なくとも1つを主成分とすることが好ましい。本明細書において「少なくとも1つを主成分とする」とは、1つの元素のみで主成分を構成するものとしてもよいし、2つ以上の元素の組み合わせを主成分としてもよいことを意味する。Mは上記金属元素以外のAサイトに置換可能な金属元素を含んでいてもよい。Mが2以上の金属元素からなる場合、Mの電気陰性度は、それぞれの金属元素の電気陰性度×その金属元素のM中における含有割合の和、とする。
Oは酸素元素である。
また、d、eは組成比を示し、0<d<1、1≦e≦3であって、Mの電気陰性度をXとした場合、
1.41X-1.05≦d≦A1・exp(-X/t1)+y0
A1=1.68×1012,t1=0.0306,y0=0.59958である。
なお、組成比eはM、Nの価数によって変化する。
上記バッファ層の組成は、バッファ層の組成が異なる複数の圧電素子サンプル、サンプルNo.1~20を作製し、長期駆動評価を行った結果に基づいて決定した。以下に、評価に用いた圧電素子サンプルの作製方法及び評価方法を説明する。
<成膜基板23>
熱酸化膜が1μm形成されている25mm角のSi基板21上に10nm厚のTi層と150nm厚のIr層が順次積層された下部電極層22を備えた成膜基板23を用意した。
パスカル社製の複数のターゲットを独立に制御可能なスパッタリング装置を用いた。スパッタリング装置内に上記の成膜基板23を載置し、真空度0.8Paになるようにアルゴン(Ar)をフローし、基板温度が500℃になるように設定した。組成比の異なる成長制御層24の成膜のために、複数のターゲットを用いる共スパッタの手法を用いて、成長制御層24を成膜した。なお、成長制御層24の組成の調整等については、後記のバッファ層27と同様とした。MdN1-dOeのMとしてBaを用い、NとしてRuを用いた。各サンプルにおける成長制御層の組成および厚みは後記表1に記載の通りとした。成長制御層24を備えないサンプルについては後記表1中の成長制御層の欄に「無」と記載している。
成膜装置としてRF(radio frequency)スパッタリング装置(アルバック社製スパッタリング装置MPS型)を用いた。ターゲット材には直径120mmのPb(Zr0.52-d/2Ti0.48-d/2Nbd)の焼結体を用いた。ここでは、d=0.12のNbドープ量とした。ターゲットと基板との間の距離は60mmとした。RFスパッタリング装置内に、成長制御層24を備えた成膜基板23を載置し、真空度0.3Pa、Ar/O2混合雰囲気(O2体積分率2.0%)、ターゲットへの投入電力500Wの条件下で層厚1~3μmNbドープPZT膜を圧電膜26として成膜した。基板温度設定は成長制御層有の場合は600℃、無の場合は750℃とした。
パスカル社製の複数のターゲットを独立に制御可能なスパッタリング装置を用いた。スパッタリング装置内に圧電膜26を備えた成膜基板23を載置し、真空度0.8Paになるようにアルゴン(Ar)をフローし、基板温度が500℃になるように設定した。組成比の異なるバッファ層27の成膜のために、複数のターゲットを用いる共スパッタの手法を用いた。共スパッタ時には、ターゲットが基板直下に配置するのではなく、基板23とターゲットとを斜めに配置する。これによって、複数のターゲットを同一環境下で同時にスパッタし、成膜することが可能になる。成膜時に各ターゲットに投入するパワーを制御することで、異なる組成のバッファ層27を成膜した。MdN1-dOeのMとしてBaもしくはBa及びSrを用い、NとしてRuを用いた。後記表1においてBa、Srの欄の数値はM中におけるBa、Srの割合である。例えば、表1中において、サンプルNo.1におけるBa=1、Sr=0、d=0.45の場合、バッファ層はBa0.45Ru0.55Oeであることを意味する。また、例えば、サンプルNo.14におけるBa=0.57、Sr=0.43、d=0.39の場合、バッファ層はBa0.22Sr0.17Ru0.61Oeであることを意味する。
RFスパッタリング装置にバッファ層27を備えた成膜基板23を設置し、真空度0.58PaになるようにArをフローした状態で、Ir層からなる上部電極層を成膜した。なお、サンプルNo.20、21については、Ti20nm及びIr100nmの2層構造の上部電極層とした。なお、TiとIrのうち、Tiを圧電膜26側とした。
下部電極層22と上部電極層28との間に-40Vの直流電圧を印加し、3時間後のキャパシタンスの変化を測定した。電圧印加開始時、及び電圧印加開始から3時間経過後のキャパシタンスを測定した。初期から30%以上キャパシタンスが低下しているものはB、低下していないものはAと評価した。電圧印加開始から3時間でのキャパシタンスの低下が30%未満に抑えられていれば、電圧印加を繰り返した場合の圧電特性の劣化が抑制できていると判断した。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (9)
- 基板上に、下部電極層、圧電膜及びバッファ層をこの順に備えた圧電膜付き基板であって、
前記圧電膜が、一般式ABO3で表されるペロブスカイト型酸化物であって、鉛をAサイトの主成分として含有するペロブスカイト型酸化物を含み、
前記バッファ層が、下記一般式(1)で表される第1の金属酸化物を含み、
MdN1-dOe (1)
Mは前記ペロブスカイト型酸化物のAサイトに置換可能な1以上の金属元素からなり、かつ、電気陰性度が0.95未満であり、
Nは、Sc、Zr、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Fe、Ru、Co、Ir,Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Sn、In及びSbの群より選択される少なくとも1つを主成分とし、
Oは酸素元素であり、
d、eは組成比を示し、0<d<1、1≦e≦3であって、前記電気陰性度をXとした場合、
1.41X-1.05≦d≦A1・exp(-X/t1)+y0
A1=1.68×1012,t1=0.0306,y0=0.59958である圧電膜付き基板。 - 前記下部電極層と前記圧電膜との間に、成長制御層をさらに備え、
前記成長制御層が、前記一般式(1)で表される第2の金属酸化物を含む、請求項1に記載の圧電膜付き基板。 - 前記バッファ層に含まれる前記第1の金属酸化物において、前記一般式(1)のMが、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、La、Cd、及びBiの群より選択される少なくとも1つを主成分とする請求項1又は2に記載の圧電膜付き基板。
- 前記バッファ層に含まれる前記第1の金属酸化物において、前記一般式(1)のMがBaを主成分として含む、請求項1又は2に記載の圧電膜付き基板。
- 前記バッファ層に含まれる前記第1の金属酸化物において、前記一般式(1)のMがBaである請求項1又は2に記載の圧電膜付き基板。
- 前記バッファ層に含まれる前記第1の金属酸化物において、前記一般式(1)におけるdが、
0.2≦d
である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の圧電膜付き基板。 - 前記バッファ層に含まれる前記第1の金属酸化物において、前記一般式(1)におけるdが、
0.3≦d
である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の圧電膜付き基板。 - 前記バッファ層に含まれる前記第1の金属酸化物において、前記一般式(1)におけるdが、
0.45≦d
である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の圧電膜付き基板。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の圧電膜付き基板と、
前記バッファ層上に備えられた上部電極層と、を備えた圧電素子。
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