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WO2021258944A1 - 换电平台、换电站以及换电方法 - Google Patents

换电平台、换电站以及换电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021258944A1
WO2021258944A1 PCT/CN2021/095155 CN2021095155W WO2021258944A1 WO 2021258944 A1 WO2021258944 A1 WO 2021258944A1 CN 2021095155 W CN2021095155 W CN 2021095155W WO 2021258944 A1 WO2021258944 A1 WO 2021258944A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
opening
vehicle
accommodating
parking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/095155
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李永杰
张宁
曹佳
郑浪
杨潮
夏丽建
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司
Priority to EP21827865.3A priority Critical patent/EP4173883A4/en
Priority to US18/003,192 priority patent/US20230242002A1/en
Publication of WO2021258944A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021258944A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
    • B66F7/06—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement
    • B66F7/065—Scissor linkages, i.e. X-configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
    • B66F7/24—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts for raising or lowering vehicles by their own power
    • B66F7/243—Ramps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
    • B66F7/28—Constructional details, e.g. end stops, pivoting supporting members, sliding runners adjustable to load dimensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/60—Industrial applications, e.g. pipe inspection vehicles
    • B60Y2200/62—Conveyors, floor conveyors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to vehicle battery swapping technologies, and in particular, to a battery swapping platform, a battery swapping station, and a battery swapping method.
  • the swap station is an automated device that replaces the battery of an electric vehicle.
  • the existing battery swapping platform 1 is mainly composed of a parking platform 11, a vehicle lift 12, a wheel positioning mechanism 13, and a rail guided vehicle 14 (RGV).
  • a parking platform 11 a vehicle lift 12, a wheel positioning mechanism 13, and a rail guided vehicle 14 (RGV).
  • RSV rail guided vehicle 14
  • the parking platform 11 is used to park the vehicle
  • the wheel alignment mechanism 13 is used to provide the vehicle positioning at the designated position of the parking platform 11
  • the vehicle lift 12 is used to lift the vehicle parked on the parking platform 11 to a set height
  • the track guiding trolley 14 is used to realize the horizontal operation of the battery, the height lifting of the battery, and the disassembly and assembly operations of the battery.
  • the battery is completely exposed in the visible range during the transmission process, which is likely to cause the risk of being rubbed by people and the battery being invaded by foreign objects and causing contamination, and there is a potential safety hazard.
  • this application provides a power swap platform, a power swap station, and a power swap method to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
  • the first aspect of this application provides a battery swapping platform, which includes:
  • Parking mechanism which is used to park vehicles
  • a accommodating mechanism which is arranged under the vehicle parked in the parking mechanism and has an opening;
  • An opening and closing mechanism which is arranged on the accommodating mechanism and movable relative to the accommodating mechanism to open or close the opening of the accommodating mechanism;
  • the battery disassembling mechanism is arranged in the accommodating mechanism and can be raised and lowered relative to the accommodating mechanism; wherein, when the opening and closing mechanism opens the opening of the accommodating mechanism, the battery disassembling and disassembling mechanism can It is raised relative to the accommodating mechanism so as to protrude from the accommodating mechanism through the opening, and a battery disassembly operation is performed on the vehicle parked on the parking mechanism.
  • the opening and closing mechanism includes one of a two-way door opening structure and a single-side door opening structure.
  • the opening and closing mechanism includes one of a single-layer warehouse door structure and a multi-layer linkage layer door structure.
  • the battery disassembling mechanism can be raised or lowered relative to the accommodating mechanism to switch between an operating state and a non-operating state, wherein when the battery disassembling mechanism is in the operating state, all The battery disassembling mechanism can extend out of the accommodating mechanism through the opening, and when the battery disassembling mechanism is in the non-operating state, the battery disassembling mechanism is entirely housed in the accommodating mechanism.
  • the opening and closing mechanism closes the opening of the accommodating mechanism, it may be provided that the vehicle enters or leaves the parking mechanism.
  • the parking mechanism further includes a wheel positioning device for positioning the wheels of the vehicle so that the vehicle is parked on the parking mechanism.
  • the battery swapping platform further includes a vehicle lifting mechanism, which is provided in the accommodating mechanism and used to slightly lift the vehicle parked on the parking mechanism, so that the vehicle It is arranged horizontally and parallel.
  • a vehicle lifting mechanism which is provided in the accommodating mechanism and used to slightly lift the vehicle parked on the parking mechanism, so that the vehicle It is arranged horizontally and parallel.
  • the battery swapping platform further includes a vehicle lifting mechanism, which is arranged on the parking mechanism and used to slightly lift the vehicle parked on the parking mechanism, so that the vehicle It is arranged horizontally and parallel.
  • a vehicle lifting mechanism which is arranged on the parking mechanism and used to slightly lift the vehicle parked on the parking mechanism, so that the vehicle It is arranged horizontally and parallel.
  • the vehicle lifting mechanism slightly lifts the wheel positioning device so that the vehicle is arranged horizontally and in parallel.
  • the vehicle lifting mechanism includes one of a scissor fork lift, a screw screw lift, and a hydraulic jack lift.
  • the parking mechanism includes a first parking sub-mechanism and a second parking sub-mechanism, and the accommodating mechanism is naturally provided by the first parking sub-mechanism and the second parking sub-mechanism independently provided form.
  • the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism includes a rail-guided trolley.
  • the second aspect of the application provides a power exchange station, which includes:
  • the battery swapping platform described in the first aspect above is used for installing or removing batteries on a vehicle
  • Battery storage mechanism for storing batteries
  • the battery connection mechanism connects the battery exchange platform and the battery storage mechanism, and is used to transfer batteries between the battery exchange platform and the battery storage mechanism.
  • the battery storage mechanism includes two battery storage racks and a lifting device arranged between the two battery storage racks.
  • the battery storage rack includes a plurality of battery compartments arranged in a stack, and the lifting device can be raised and lowered in a vertical direction of the battery storage rack to be connected to one of the plurality of battery compartments.
  • the switching station further includes a charging device separately arranged in each of the battery compartments for electrically connecting the batteries stored in each of the battery compartments for charging.
  • the battery storage mechanism includes a plurality of the battery storage racks arranged side by side on a single side of the lifting device, and the lifting device can move along the horizontal direction of the battery storage rack to be in contact with the plurality of battery storage racks.
  • One of the battery storage racks is docked.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a battery swapping method, which is applied to the battery swapping platform described in the first aspect.
  • the method includes: controlling the opening and closing mechanism to close the opening of the accommodating mechanism for the The vehicle enters the parking mechanism; after the vehicle is parked on the parking mechanism, the opening and closing mechanism is controlled to open the opening of the accommodating mechanism; the battery disassembly mechanism is controlled to switch from a non-operating state to The operating state is to extend from the accommodating mechanism through the opening to perform battery disassembly and assembly operations on the vehicle; after the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism completes the battery disassembly and assembly operations for the vehicle, control all The battery disassembly and assembly mechanism is switched from the operating state to the non-operating state to be completely stored in the accommodating mechanism; and controlling the opening and closing mechanism to close the opening of the accommodating mechanism for the vehicle Drive away from the parking mechanism.
  • the method further includes controlling the wheel alignment device to position the vehicle.
  • the wheels of the vehicle so that the vehicle is positioned on the parking mechanism.
  • the method further includes controlling the vehicle lifting mechanism to be positioned at The vehicle on the parking mechanism is slightly lifted so that the vehicle is arranged horizontally and in parallel.
  • the battery swapping platform transfers the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism to the accommodating mechanism below the parking mechanism, and can raise the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism relative to the accommodating mechanism. Extend from the accommodating structure and perform battery disassembly and assembly operations for the vehicles on the parking platform. When the battery disassembly and assembly operations are completed, the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism can be lowered relative to the accommodating mechanism to be stored in the accommodating mechanism as a whole.
  • the vehicle lifting mechanism only needs to slightly lift the vehicle to a horizontal and parallel state, and the drivers and passengers do not need to leave the vehicle. It can improve the vehicle owner's battery swap experience, reduce the total time consumption of the vehicle battery swap operation, and improve the safety of the battery swap operation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the existing battery swapping platform
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the power exchange platform according to the first embodiment of the application
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the power exchange platform according to the first embodiment of the application.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4D are schematic diagrams of an embodiment of the opening and closing mechanism opening and closing or closing the opening of the accommodating mechanism according to the first embodiment of the application;
  • 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams of an embodiment of the vehicle lifting mechanism according to the first embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the vehicle lifting mechanism according to the first embodiment of the application.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7C are schematic diagrams of different embodiments of the switching station according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are schematic diagrams of an embodiment of a power exchange method according to a third embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a power exchange method according to a third embodiment of this application.
  • Electricity exchange platform 11: Parking platform; 12: Vehicle lift; 13: Wheel alignment mechanism; 14: Track guided trolley; 2: Electricity exchange platform; 21: Parking mechanism; 21A: First parking sub-organization 21B: second parking sub-mechanism; 211: wheel positioning device; 22: accommodating mechanism; 221: opening; 23: opening and closing mechanism; 231, 232: warehouse door; 24: battery disassembly and assembly mechanism; 25: vehicle lifting Mechanism; 3: Switching station; 31: Electrical room; 32: Control room; 4: Battery storage mechanism; 41A, 41B: Battery storage rack; 411: Battery compartment; 42: Lifting device; 5: Battery connection mechanism; 6: vehicle
  • the first embodiment of the present application provides a battery swapping platform 2, which mainly includes a parking mechanism 21, a accommodating mechanism 22, an opening and closing mechanism 23, and a battery disassembly and assembly mechanism 24.
  • the parking mechanism 21 is used to park the vehicle.
  • the parking mechanism 21 further has a wheel positioning device 211 for positioning the wheels of the vehicle so that the vehicle can be parked on the parking mechanism 21 stably.
  • the accommodating mechanism 22 is disposed under the vehicle parked in the parking mechanism 21 and has an opening 211.
  • the parking mechanism 21 includes a first parking sub-mechanism 21A and a second parking sub-mechanism 21B, and the accommodating mechanism 22 is naturally formed by the independent first parking sub-mechanism 21A and the second parking sub-mechanism 21B. .
  • the opening and closing mechanism 23 is disposed on the accommodating mechanism 22 and can move relative to the accommodating mechanism 22 to open or close the opening 221 of the accommodating mechanism 22.
  • the opening and closing mechanism 23 may include at least one warehouse door, and the opening and closing mechanism 23 may slide relative to the accommodating mechanism 22 to open or close the opening of the accommodating mechanism 22.
  • the opening and closing mechanism 23 may be a two-way door opening structure composed of two warehouse doors 231 and 232, or a single-side door opening structure.
  • the opening and closing mechanism 23 may be designed as a single-layer door structure including a single-layer panel (that is, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B), or the opening and closing mechanism 23 may be designed as including a multi-layer panel
  • the multi-layer linkage warehouse door structure (the embodiment shown in Figure 4C and 4D), wherein the single-layer warehouse door structure is simple in design and can reduce manufacturing costs, while the multi-layer linkage warehouse door structure design can reduce the opening and closing mechanism 23 is the occupied space in the open state.
  • this application is not limited. It can be composed of materials with sufficient hardness, or can be designed as soft material doors (for example, retractable doors, rolling doors, etc.) .
  • the opening and closing mechanism 23 when the opening and closing mechanism 23 opens the opening 221 of the accommodating mechanism 22, the accommodating mechanism 22 and the parking mechanism 21 located above it can communicate with each other; when the opening and closing mechanism 23 closes the accommodating mechanism 22 When the opening 221 is formed, the accommodating mechanism 22 and the parking mechanism 21 are separated from each other by the opening and closing mechanism 23.
  • the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism 24 is disposed in the accommodating mechanism 22 and can be raised and lowered relative to the accommodating mechanism 22.
  • the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism 24 includes a track-guided trolley.
  • the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism 24 can be lifted relative to the accommodating mechanism 22 to protrude from the accommodating mechanism 22 through the opening 221, and is aimed at parking.
  • the vehicle on the parking mechanism 21 performs battery disassembly and assembly operations.
  • the battery disassembling mechanism 24 can be raised or lowered relative to the accommodating mechanism 22 to switch between the operating state and the non-operating state, wherein when the opening and closing mechanism 23 opens the opening 221 of the accommodating mechanism 22, the battery dismounting mechanism
  • the mounting mechanism 24 can be lifted relative to the accommodating mechanism 22 to switch to an operating state. In this state, at least a part of the battery dismounting mechanism 24 can extend out of the accommodating mechanism 22 through the opening 221, so as to prevent parking in the parking mechanism.
  • the vehicle on 21 carries out battery disassembly and assembly operations.
  • the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism 24 may be in a non-operating state. In this state, the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism 24 is entirely housed in the accommodating mechanism 22. middle.
  • the vehicle when the opening and closing mechanism 23 closes the opening 221 of the accommodating mechanism 22, the vehicle can be provided to enter or leave the parking mechanism 21.
  • the power exchange platform 2 further includes a vehicle lifting mechanism 25.
  • the vehicle lifting mechanism 25 is disposed in the accommodating mechanism 22 and can be raised and lowered relative to the accommodating mechanism 22.
  • the vehicle lifting mechanism 25 can be raised relative to the accommodating mechanism 22 to extend the accommodating mechanism 22 through the opening 221 and slightly lift
  • the vehicles 6 parked on the parking mechanism 21 are arranged horizontally and in parallel.
  • the vehicle lifting mechanism 25 may also be provided on the parking mechanism 21 to slightly lift the vehicle 6 parked on the parking mechanism 21, so that the vehicle 6 It is arranged horizontally and parallel.
  • the vehicle lifting mechanism 25 may also slightly lift the wheel alignment device 211 to make the vehicle horizontally parallel.
  • the vehicle lifting mechanism 25 can be a scissor fork lift, screw screw lift, hydraulic jack lift, etc., but it is not limited to this, and other mechanical settings that can be used to lift vehicles Both are applicable, and this application does not restrict it.
  • the second embodiment of the present application provides a power exchange station 3.
  • the power swap station 3 of the embodiment of the present application mainly includes the power swap platform 2, the battery storage mechanism 4, and the battery connection structure 5 described in the first embodiment.
  • the battery exchange platform 2 is used to install or remove batteries on the vehicle 6
  • the battery storage mechanism 4 is used to store batteries
  • the battery connection mechanism 5 connects the battery exchange platform 2 and the battery storage mechanism 4 to The battery is transferred between the battery exchange platform 2 and the battery storage mechanism 4.
  • the battery storage mechanism 4 may include two battery storage racks 41A, 41B and a lifting device 42 arranged between the two battery storage racks 41A, 41B.
  • each battery storage rack 41A, 41B each includes a plurality of battery compartments 411 arranged in a stack, and the lifting device 42 can be raised and lowered along the vertical direction of the battery storage racks 41A, 41B to be connected to one of the plurality of battery compartments 411 .
  • a plurality of battery storage racks 41A, 41B can also be arranged side by side on a single side of the lifting device 42, and the lifting device 42 can move along the horizontal direction of the battery storage racks 41A, 41B to interact with the multiple battery storage racks 41A, 41B.
  • the lifting device 42 can move along the horizontal direction of the battery storage racks 41A, 41B to interact with the multiple battery storage racks 41A, 41B.
  • a guide rail can be installed under the lifting device 42 so that the lifting device 42 can move along the guide rail between a plurality of battery storage racks 41A and 41B arranged side by side, so as to expand the capacity of the battery compartment 411.
  • the battery connection mechanism 5 can be realized by various structural designs.
  • the battery connection mechanism 5 can be a roller transmission line, a chain transmission line, a belt transmission line, etc., but it is not limited to this.
  • the battery connection mechanism 5 is also It can be displayed by the way of the guide rail and the shuttle car, which is not limited in this application.
  • the switching station 3 may further include a charging device (not shown) separately provided in each battery compartment 411 for electrically connecting the batteries stored in each battery compartment 411 for charging.
  • the substation 3 can also be equipped with an electrical room 31 and a control room 32.
  • the electrical room 31 is used for charging control and management of various charging devices, and the control room 32 is responsible for the entire The motion logic control of each component in the substation 3.
  • FIG. 9 shows the main steps of the power swapping method according to the third embodiment of the present application.
  • the power swapping method provided in the embodiments of the present application is applied to the power swapping platform 2 described in the first embodiment above, and it mainly includes the following steps:
  • the description is made by taking the vehicle lifting mechanism 25 provided in the accommodating mechanism 22 as an example.
  • step S91 the opening and closing mechanism 23 of the battery swapping platform 2 is controlled to close the opening 221 of the accommodating mechanism 22, so that the vehicle 6 can enter and park on the parking mechanism 21.
  • the wheel positioning device 211 may be used to position the wheels of the vehicle 6 so that the vehicle 6 is positioned at the designated position of the parking mechanism 21.
  • Step S92 after the vehicle 6 is positioned on the parking mechanism 21, the opening and closing mechanism 23 of the battery exchange platform 11 is controlled to open the opening 221 of the accommodating mechanism 22.
  • step S93 the vehicle lifting mechanism 25 is controlled to lift relative to the accommodating mechanism 22 to slightly lift the vehicle 6 on the parking mechanism 21 so that the vehicle 6 is arranged horizontally and parallel (as shown in FIG. 8A).
  • Step S94 After the vehicle reaches the horizontally parallel setting state, control the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism 24 to lift relative to the accommodating mechanism 22, switch from the non-operating state to the operating state to extend from the accommodating mechanism 22 through the opening 221, and target the vehicle 6 Perform battery disassembly and assembly operations (as shown in Figure 8B).
  • Step S95 After completing the battery disassembly and assembly operation for the vehicle 6, first control the battery disassembly mechanism 24 to descend relative to the accommodating mechanism 22 to switch from the operating state to the non-operating state, and then control the vehicle lifting mechanism 25 relative to the accommodating mechanism 22 is lowered, so that the vehicle 6 is lowered back onto the parking mechanism 21.
  • step S96 the opening and closing mechanism 23 is controlled to close the opening 221 of the accommodating mechanism 22, so that the vehicle 6 can drive away from the parking mechanism 21.
  • the battery swapping platform can transfer the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism to the bottom of the parking mechanism by setting the accommodating mechanism under the parking mechanism.
  • the accommodating mechanism When the accommodating mechanism is in the closed state, Provide vehicles to enter or leave the parking mechanism.
  • the accommodating mechanism When the vehicle is parked on the parking mechanism, the accommodating mechanism can be opened so that the battery disassembly and assembly mechanism can extend from the accommodating mechanism and perform battery disassembly and assembly operations for the vehicle.
  • this application does not need to reserve mobile space for the battery disassembly mechanism on the parking mechanism (parking platform), so that when the battery disassembly operation is performed, the vehicle only needs to be slightly lifted so that the vehicle is in a horizontal and parallel configuration.
  • the driver and the passenger can complete the battery replacement without leaving the vehicle, which can improve the vehicle owner’s experience of changing the vehicle.
  • the vehicle needs to be greatly lifted to the preset height.
  • the embodiment of the present application can significantly reduce vehicle accidents. The risk of falling, improves the safety of the battery replacement operation, and can reduce the total time consumption of the vehicle battery replacement operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种换电平台、换电站以及换电方法，所述换电平台包括用于驻停车辆的驻车机构；位于驻车机构下方并具有开口的容置机构；用于开启或关闭容置机构的开口的开合机构；以及设置在容置机构中并可相对于容置机构升降的电池拆装机构，当开合机构开启容置机构的开口时，电池拆装机构可相对于容置机构抬升以经由开口从容置机构内伸出，而针对车辆进行电池拆装操作。本申请实施例提供的换电平台、换电站以及换电方法能够提高车辆换电操作的安全性，并可减少车辆换电操作的耗时以及提高车主的换电体验。

Description

换电平台、换电站以及换电方法 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及车辆换电技术，尤其涉及一种换电平台、换电站以及换电方法。
背景技术
汽车技术的发展使得新能源汽车成为了汽车行业的主流发展趋势。其中，换电站是给电动汽车更换电池的自动化设备。
如图1所示，现有的换电平台1主要由停车平台11、车辆举升机12、车轮定位机构13以及轨道导引小车14(Rail Guided Vehicle，RGV)组成。
其中，停车平台11用于停放车辆，车轮定位机构13用于提供车辆定位于停车平台11的指定位置，车辆举升机12用于将驻停在停车平台11上的车辆举升至设定高度，轨道导引小车14用于实现电池的水平运转、电池的高度升降以及电池的拆装操作。
然后，在现有技术中，由于轨道导引小车14直接在停车平台11上行走，导致在针对停车平台11上的车辆执行电池拆装操作时，车辆举升机12必须针对车辆进行大幅度举升，而为轨道导引小车14留出移动空间，此造成了在进行车辆换电时，驾乘人员必须离开车辆，不仅增加了车辆换电的总耗时，也导致了车主的换电体验较差，且车辆在进行大幅度提升的过程中还存在坠落的风险。
再者，现有技术中，电池在传输过程中，完全暴露在可视范围内，容易引起人员擦碰以及电池受到异物侵入而导致脏污的风险，存在者安全隐患。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种换电平台、换电站和换电方法，以克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题。
本申请的第一方面提供一种换电平台，其包括：
驻车机构，其用于驻停车辆；
容置机构，其设置在驻停于所述驻车机构的所述车辆的下方并具有开口；
开合机构，其设于所述容置机构上并可相对于所述容置机构移动以开 启或关闭所述容置机构的开口；
电池拆装机构，其设置于所述容置机构中并可相对于所述容置机构升降；其中，当所述开合机构开启所述容置机构的开口时，所述电池拆装机构可相对于所述容置机构抬升以经由所述开口从所述容置机构内伸出，并针对驻停在所述驻车机构上的所述车辆进行电池拆装操作。
可选的，所述开合机构包括双向开门结构、单侧开门结构中的一个。
可选的，所述开合机构包括单层仓门结构、多层联动层门结构中的一个。
可选的，所述电池拆装机构可相对于所述容置机构抬升或下降以与操作状态与非操作状态之间切换，其中，当所述电池拆装机构处于所述操作状态时，所述电池拆装机构可经由所述开口伸出所述容置机构，当所述电池拆装机构处于所述非操作状态时，所述电池拆装机构整体收纳于所述容置机构中。
可选的，当所述开合机构关闭所述容置机构的开口时，可提供所述车辆驶入或驶离所述驻车机构。
可选的，所述驻车机构还包括车轮定位装置，其用于定位所述车辆的车轮，以使所述车辆驻停于所述驻车机构上。
可选的，所述换电平台还包括车辆举升机构，其设置在所述容置机构中，用于微举升驻停于所述驻车机构上的所述车辆，以使所述车辆呈水平平行设置。
可选的，所述换电平台还包括车辆举升机构，其设置在所述驻车机构上，用于微举升驻停于所述驻车机构上的所述车辆，以使所述车辆呈水平平行设置。
可选的，所述车辆举升机构通过微举升所述车轮定位装置，以使所述车辆呈水平平行设置。
可选的，所述车辆举升机构包括剪刀叉举升机、螺旋丝杠举升机、液压千斤顶举升机中的一个。
可选的，所述驻车机构包括第一驻车子机构和第二驻车子机构，所述容置机构是借由独立设置的所述第一驻车子机构与所述第二驻车子机构而自然形成。
可选的，所述电池拆装机构包括轨道导引小车。
本申请的第二方面提供一种换电站，其包括：
上述第一方面所述的换电平台，用于提供在车辆上安装或拆卸电池；
电池存储机构，用于存储电池；
电池接驳机构，其连接所述换电平台与所述电池存储机构，用于在所述换电平台与所述电池存储机构之间传输电池。
可选的，所述电池存储机构包括两个电池存储架以及设置在所述两个电池存储架之间的升降装置。
可选的，所述电池存储架包括呈叠设布置的多个电池仓，所述升降装置可沿所述电池存储架的垂直方向升降以与所述多个电池仓中的一个对接。
可选的，所述换电站还包括分设于各所述电池仓的充电装置，用于电性连接存储于各所述电池仓内的所述电池以进行充电。
可选的，所述电池存储机构包括并排布设在所述升降装置的单侧的多个所述电池存储架，所述升降装置可沿所述电池存储架的水平方向移动以与所述多个电池存储架中的一个对接。
本申请的第三方面提供一种换电方法，应用于上述第一方面所述的换电平台，所述方法包括：控制所述开合机构关闭所述容置机构的开口，以供所述车辆驶入所述驻车机构；在车辆驻停在所述驻车机构上之后，控制所述开合机构开启所述容置机构的开口；控制所述电池拆装机构由非操作状态切换至操作状态以经由所述开口从所述容置机构内伸出，而针对所述车辆进行电池拆装操作；在所述电池拆装机构针对所述车辆完成所述电池拆装操作之后，控制所述电池拆装机构由所述操作状态切换至所述非操作状态，以完全收纳于所述容置机构中；以及控制所述开合机构关闭所述容置机构的开口，以供所述车辆驶离所述驻车机构。
可选的，在所述车辆驻停在所述驻车机构上之后，且在所述控制所述开合机构开启所述容置机构的开口之前，所述方法还包括控制车轮定位装置定位所述车辆的车轮，以使所述车辆定位于所述驻车机构上。
可选的，在所述车辆驻停在所述驻车机构上之后，且所述电池拆装机构对所述车辆进行电池拆装操作之前，所述方法还包括控制车辆举升机构针对定位于所述驻车机构上的所述车辆进行微举升，以使所述车辆呈水平平行设置。
由以上技术方案可见，本申请实施例提供的换电平台，通过将电池拆装机构转移至驻车机构的下方的容置机构中，并可通过令电池拆装机构相对于容置机构抬升以从容置结构中伸出而针对驻停平台上的车辆进行电池拆装 操作，当电池拆装操作完毕后，可令电池拆装机构相对于容置机构降落以整体收纳于容置机构中，借此，无需为电池拆装机构留出操作空间，使得在针对车辆进行电池拆装操作时，车辆举升机构仅需将车辆轻微举升至呈水平平行状态即可，驾乘人员无需离开车辆，可以提高车主的换电体验，并减少车辆换电操作的总耗时，且可提高换电操作的安全性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请实施例中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有换电平台的整体架构示意图；
图2为本申请第一实施例的换电平台的整体架构示意图；
图3为本申请第一实施例的换电平台的爆炸示意图；
图4A及图4D为本申请第一实施例的开合机构开闭或关闭容置机构的开口的实施例示意图；
图5A及图5B为本申请第一实施例的车辆举升机构的一实施例示意图；
图6为本申请第一实施例的车辆举升机构的另一实施例示意图；
图7A及图7C为本申请第二实施例的换电站的不同实施例示意图；
图8A及图8B为本申请第三实施例的换电方法的实施例示意图；
图9为本申请第三实施例的换电方法的流程示意图。
元件标号
1：换电平台；11：停车平台；12：车辆举升机；13：车轮定位机构；14：轨道导引小车；2：换电平台；21：驻车机构；21A:第一驻车子机构；21B：第二驻车子机构；211：车轮定位装置；22：容置机构；221：开口；23：开合机构；231、232：仓门；24：电池拆装机构；25：车辆举升机构；3：换电站；31：电气室；32：控制室；4：电池存储机构；41A,41B：电池存储架；411：电池仓；42：升降装置；5：电池接驳机构；6：车辆
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的人员更好地理解本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整 地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请实施例一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请实施例中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请实施例保护的范围。
下面结合本申请实施例附图进一步说明本申请实施例的具体实现。
第一实施例
如图2及图3所示，本申请第一实施例提供一种换电平台2，其主要包括驻车机构21、容置机构22、开合机构23以及电池拆装机构24。
驻车机构21用于驻停车辆。
可选的，驻车机构21还具有车轮定位装置211，其用于定位车辆的车轮，以供车辆得以稳定地驻停于驻车机构21上。
容置机构22设置在驻停于驻车机构21的车辆的下方并具有开口211。
于本实施例中，驻车机构21包括第一驻车子机构21A和第二驻车子机构21B，容置机构22借由独立设置的第一驻车子机构21A与第二驻车子机构21B而自然形成。
开合机构23设置于容置机构22上并可相对于容置机构22移动以开启或关闭容置机构22的开口221。
可选的，开合机构23可包括至少一个仓门，开合机构23可相对于容置机构22滑移，以开启或关闭容置机构22的开口。
请配合参阅图4A和图4B，于本实施例中，开合机构23可以是由两个仓门231、232构成的双向开门结构，也可设计为单侧开门结构。
于另一实施例中，开合机构23可设计为包含单层面板的单层仓门结构(即图4A和图4B所示实施例)，也可将开合机构23设计为包括多层面板的多层联动仓门结构(如图4C、4D所示实施例)，其中，单层仓门结构的设计简单，可以降低制造成本，而多层联动仓门结构的设计，可以减少开合机构23呈开启状态下的占用空间。
此外，针对开合机构23中仓门231、232的材质要求，本申请不作限制，可以是由足够硬度的材质所构成，亦可被设计为软性材料门(例如，伸缩门、卷帘门等)。
于本实施例中，当开合机构23开启容置机构22的开口221时，容置机构22与位于其上方的驻车机构21之间可相互连通；当开合机构23关闭容置机构22的开口221时，容置机构22与驻车机构21之间借由开合机构23相互隔离。
电池拆装机构24设置于容置机构22中并可相对于容置机构22升降。
可选的，电池拆装机构24包括轨道导引小车。
于本实施例中，当开合机构23开启容置机构22的开口221时，电池拆装机构24可相对于容置机构22抬升以经由开口221从容置机构22内伸出，并针对驻停在驻车机构21上的车辆进行电池拆装操作。
具体而言，电池拆装机构24可相对于容置机构22抬升或下降以与操作状态与非操作状态之间切换，其中，当开合机构23开启容置机构22的开口221时，电池拆装机构24可通过相对于容置机构22抬升以切换至操作状态，于此状态下，电池拆装机构24的至少一部分可经由开口221伸出容置机构22，从而针对驻停于驻车机构21上的车辆进行电池拆装操作。
于另一实施例中，当开合机构23关闭容置机构22的开口221时，电池拆装机构24可处于非操作状态，于此状态下，电池拆装机构24整体收纳于容置机构22中。
于本实施例中，当开合机构23关闭容置机构22的开口221时，可提供车辆驶入或驶离驻车机构21。
于另一实施例中，换电平台2还包括车辆举升机构25。
如图5A和图5B所示，于一实施例中，车辆举升机构25设置在容置机构22中并可相对于容置机构22升降。
如图5A所示，当开合机构23关闭容置机构22的开口221时，车辆举升机构25整体收纳于容置机构22中。
如图5B所示，当开合机构23开启容置机构22的开口221时，车辆举升机构25可相对于容置机构22抬升，以经由开口221伸出容置机构22，并微举升驻停于驻车机构21上的车辆6，以使车辆6呈水平平行设置。
如图6所示，于另一实施例中，也可将车辆举升机构25设置在驻车机构21上，以用于微举升驻停在驻车机构21上的车辆6，使得车辆6呈水平平行设置。
于其他实施例中，车辆举升机构25还可通过轻微举升车轮定位装置211，以使车辆呈水平平行设置。
于本实施例中，车辆举升机构25可为剪刀叉举升机、螺旋丝杠举升机、液压千斤顶举升机等，但并不以此为限，其他可用于举升车辆的机械设置均可适用，本申请对此不作限制。
第二实施例
本申请第二实施例提供一种换电站3。
如图7A至图7C所示，本申请实施例的换电站3主要包括上述第一实施例所述的换电平台2、电池存储机构4以及电池接驳结构5。
于本实施例中，换电平台2用于提供在车辆6上安装或拆卸电池，电池存储机构4用于存储电池，电池接驳机构5连接换电平台2和电池存储机构4，用于在换电平台2和电池存储机构4之间传输电池。
于本实施例中，电池存储机构4可包括两个电池存储架41A,41B以及设置在两个电池存储架41A,41B之间的升降装置42。
可选的，各电池存储架41A、41B各自包括呈叠设布置的多个电池仓411，升降装置42可沿电池存储架41A、41B的垂直方向升降以与多个电池仓411中的一个对接。
可选的，在升降装置42的单侧也可并排布设多个电池存储架41A、41B，且升降装置42可沿电池存储架41A、41B的水平方向移动以与多个电池存储架41A、41B中的一个对接。
例如，可在升降装置42下方加装导轨，以供升降装置42可沿着导轨在并排设置的多个电池存储架41A,41B之间移动，借以拓展电池仓411的容量。
电池接驳机构5可通过各种结构设计予以实现，例如，电池接驳机构5可为辊筒传输线、链条传输线、皮带传输线等传输机构，但并不以此为限，电池接驳机构5亦可通过导轨与接驳车相配合的方式予以显示，本申请对此不作限制。
于另一实施例中，换电站3还可包括分设于各电池仓411的充电装置(未示出)，用于电性连接存储于各电池仓411内的电池以进行充电。
请参考图7A和图7B，于其他实施例中，换电站3还可配置电气室31和控制室32，其中，电气室31用于负责各充电装置的充电控制与管理，控制室32负责整个换电站3中各组成构件的运动逻辑控制。
第三实施例
图9示出了本申请第三实施例换电方法的主要步骤，本申请实施例提供的换电方法应用于上述第一实施例所述的换电平台2所实施，其主要包括以下步骤：
于本实施例中，是以车辆举升机构25设置在容置机构22中为例进行描述。
步骤S91,控制换电平台2的开合机构23闭合容置机构22的开口221，以供车辆6驶入并驻停于驻车机构21上。
于本实施例中，可利用车轮定位装置211定位车辆6的车轮，以使车辆6定位于驻车机构21的指定位置。
步骤S92,在车辆6定位在驻车机构21上之后，控制换电平台11的开合机构23开启容置机构22的开口221。
步骤S93,控制车辆举升机构25相对于容置机构22抬升，以轻微托举驻车机构21上的车辆6，使得车辆6呈水平平行设置即可(如图8A所示状态)。
步骤S94,在车辆达到水平平行设置状态后，控制电池拆装机构24相对于容置机构22抬升，由非操作状态切换至操作状态以经由开口221从容置机构22中伸出，并针对车辆6执行电池拆装操作(如图8B所示状态)。
步骤S95,在针对车辆6完成电池拆装操作后，首先控制电池拆装机构24相对于容置机构22下降以由操作状态切换至非操作状态，再控制车辆举升机构25相对于容置机构22下降，使得车辆6降回至驻车机构21上。
步骤S96,控制开合机构23关闭容置机构22的开口221，以供车辆6驶离驻车机构21。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的换电平台，通过在驻车机构下方设置容置机构，以将电池拆装机构转移至驻车机构的下方，当容置机构处于关闭状态时，可提供车辆驶入或驶离驻车机构，当车辆驻停于驻车机构上时，可通过开启容置机构，以使电池拆装机构从容置机构中伸出并针对车辆进行电池拆装操作。借此，本申请无需在驻停机构(停车平台)上为电池拆装机构预留移动空间，使得在进行电池拆装操作时，仅需轻微托举车辆，使得车辆呈水平平行设置状态即可，因此，驾乘人员无需离开车辆即可完成电池更换，可以提高车主的换车体验，且相较于现有技术需大幅度举升车辆至预设高度，本申请实施例可以显著降低车辆意外下坠的风险，提高了换电操作的安全性，并能减少车辆换电操作的总耗时。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种换电平台，其特征在于，包括：
    驻车机构，其用于驻停车辆；
    容置机构，其设置在驻停于所述驻车机构的所述车辆的下方并具有开口；
    开合机构，其设于所述容置机构上并可相对于所述容置机构移动以开启或关闭所述容置机构的开口；以及
    电池拆装机构，其设置于所述容置机构中并可相对于所述容置机构升降；
    其中，当所述开合机构开启所述容置机构的开口时，所述电池拆装机构可相对于所述容置机构抬升以经由所述开口从所述容置机构内伸出，并针对所述车辆进行电池拆装操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换电平台，其特征在于，所述开合机构包括双向开门结构、单侧开门结构中的一个。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的换电平台，其特征在于，所述开合机构包括单层仓门结构、多层联动层门结构中的一个。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的换电平台，其特征在于，所述电池拆装机构可相对于所述容置机构抬升或下降以与操作状态与非操作状态之间切换，其中，当所述电池拆装机构处于所述操作状态时，所述电池拆装机构可经由所述开口伸出所述容置机构，当所述电池拆装机构处于所述非操作状态时，所述电池拆装机构整体收纳于所述容置机构中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的换电平台，其特征在于，当所述开合机构关闭所述容置机构的开口时，可提供所述车辆驶入或驶离所述驻车机构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的换电平台，其特征在于，所述驻车机构还包括：
    车轮定位装置，其用于定位所述车辆的车轮，以使所述车辆驻停于所述驻车机构上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的换电平台，其特征在于，所述换电平台还包 括车辆举升机构，其设置在所述容置机构中，用于微举升驻停于所述驻车机构上的所述车辆，以使所述车辆呈水平平行设置。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的换电平台，其特征在于，所述换电平台还包括车辆举升机构，其设置在所述驻车机构上，用于微举升驻停于所述驻车机构上的所述车辆，以使所述车辆呈水平平行设置。
  9. 一种换电站，其特征在于，包括：
    根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的换电平台，用于提供在车辆上安装或拆卸电池；
    电池存储机构，用于存储电池；以及
    电池接驳机构，其连接所述换电平台与所述电池存储机构，用于在所述换电平台与所述电池存储机构之间传输电池。
  10. 一种换电方法，应用于根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的换电平台，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    控制所述开合机构关闭所述容置机构的开口，以供所述车辆驶入所述驻车机构；
    在车辆驻停在所述驻车机构上之后，控制所述开合机构开启所述容置机构的开口；
    控制所述电池拆装机构由非操作状态切换至操作状态以经由所述开口从所述容置机构内伸出，而针对所述车辆进行电池拆装操作；
    在所述电池拆装机构针对所述车辆完成所述电池拆装操作之后，控制所述电池拆装机构由所述操作状态切换至所述非操作状态，以完全收纳于所述容置机构中；以及
    控制所述开合机构关闭所述容置机构的开口，以供所述车辆驶离所述驻车机构。
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