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WO2021189346A1 - 电容传感器、电子设备以及电子设备的控制方法 - Google Patents

电容传感器、电子设备以及电子设备的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021189346A1
WO2021189346A1 PCT/CN2020/081363 CN2020081363W WO2021189346A1 WO 2021189346 A1 WO2021189346 A1 WO 2021189346A1 CN 2020081363 W CN2020081363 W CN 2020081363W WO 2021189346 A1 WO2021189346 A1 WO 2021189346A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electronic device
gesture
user
floating
electrode plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/081363
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
倪刚
谭细金
黄启睿
孙立峰
张慧敏
李毅达
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
新加坡国立大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司, 新加坡国立大学 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP20926663.4A priority Critical patent/EP4109220A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/081363 priority patent/WO2021189346A1/zh
Priority to CN202080098884.2A priority patent/CN115485646A/zh
Publication of WO2021189346A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021189346A1/zh
Priority to US17/953,080 priority patent/US12136915B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945—Proximity switches
    • H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G06F3/014—Hand-worn input/output arrangements, e.g. data gloves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/017—Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0443—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a single layer of sensing electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0448—Details of the electrode shape, e.g. for enhancing the detection of touches, for generating specific electric field shapes, for enhancing display quality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04101—2.5D-digitiser, i.e. digitiser detecting the X/Y position of the input means, finger or stylus, also when it does not touch, but is proximate to the digitiser's interaction surface and also measures the distance of the input means within a short range in the Z direction, possibly with a separate measurement setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945—Proximity switches
    • H03K2017/9455—Proximity switches constructional details

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of sensor technology, and more specifically, to a capacitive sensor, an electronic device, and a control method of the electronic device.
  • Gesture recognition generally refers to the user's interaction or control of the device through some gestures without touching the device.
  • some sensors can be used to detect the gestures made by the user, and then the electronic device can be controlled to perform corresponding operations according to the gestures made by the user.
  • gesture recognition solutions are generally implemented based on electromagnetic waves (such as millimeter waves, infrared, ultrasonic) and machine vision.
  • electromagnetic waves such as millimeter waves, infrared, ultrasonic
  • machine vision a relatively large space.
  • the energy consumed by the system including corresponding sensors, signal processing circuits, etc. is relatively high.
  • the scheme mainly uses the time interval, phase, and frequency difference between the transmitted signal of the radar and the reflected signal received to recognize the corresponding gesture.
  • a dedicated radar sensor chip is required, and a larger storage space is required.
  • this solution requires a large amount of calculation when performing gesture recognition, the energy consumed by the entire system is relatively high.
  • the present application provides a capacitive sensor, an electronic device, and a control method of the electronic device.
  • the capacitive sensor of the present application can detect the floating gesture of the user based on the fringe field effect, and has the advantages of small size and low energy consumption.
  • a capacitance sensor in a first aspect, includes: M electrode plate pairs, in the M electrode plate pairs, each electrode plate pair is formed by a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate placed opposite to each other , M is a positive integer.
  • the ratio of the electrode plate length of each electrode plate pair to the distance between each electrode plate pair is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 30.
  • the electrode plate length can be the length of the opposite electrode plate part of the electrode plate pair, or the length of the first electrode plate or the second electrode plate constituting the electrode plate pair.
  • the pole plate pair A is formed by the first pole plate and the second pole plate being placed opposite each other.
  • the pole plate length of the pole plate pair A can be the length of the pole plate of the opposite part of the first pole plate and the second pole plate.
  • the length of the electrode plate is less than or equal to the length of the first electrode plate, and the length of the electrode plate is also less than or equal to the length of the second electrode plate.
  • the electrode plate length of the electrode plate pair A can also be directly defined as the length of the first electrode plate or the second electrode plate.
  • the electrode plate spacing may be the distance from the first electrode plate to the second electrode plate of the electrode plate pair.
  • the distance between different parts of the first electrode plate and different parts of the second electrode plate can be the same or different.
  • the electrode plate spacing may be any one of the shortest distance, the maximum distance and the average distance from the first electrode plate to the second electrode plate in the electrode plate pair.
  • the capacitive sensor in this application may also be referred to as a capacitor, and for the convenience of a unified description, it is collectively referred to herein as a capacitive sensor.
  • the capacitive sensor can be used to detect the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the ratio of the electrode plate length of each electrode plate pair to the pitch of each electrode plate pair is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 15.
  • the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor is stronger, so that the capacitive sensor detects the user's floating gesture Has higher sensitivity.
  • the ratio of the effective electrode length to the distance between the electrode plates is greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 12.
  • the effective electrode length may refer to the length of the overlapping portion of two oppositely placed electrodes in the electrode pair.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a suitable size of capacitance, and at the same time, it can form a better fringe field, which can better Realize the detection of the user's hovering gesture.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in each electrode plate pair are both rectangular conductive materials.
  • the area of the electrode plate of the electrode plate pair in the capacitance sensor can be increased under the condition of certain space, so that the capacitance sensor has a larger capacitance value.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor will also change significantly, which is beneficial to better detect the floating gesture of the user.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in each of the aforementioned electrode plate pairs are both cylindrical conductive materials.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in each of the aforementioned electrode plate pairs are made of wave-shaped conductive materials.
  • the electrode plate length of the electrode plate pair in the capacitive sensor can be increased with a certain space (essentially equivalent to increasing the area facing the electrode plate),
  • the capacitance sensor has a larger capacitance value.
  • M is greater than 1, and the M electrode plate pairs are formed by alternately arranging the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate.
  • the capacitance sensor When M is greater than 1, the capacitance sensor includes multiple plate pairs, which can increase the capacitance value of the capacitance sensor, so that the capacitance sensor can be better used to detect the user's floating gesture (if the capacitance value is too small, it is generally not easy to detect, here
  • M By setting M to a value greater than 1, the capacitance sensor can have a certain capacitance value, which is convenient for detecting the capacitance value change of the capacitance sensor).
  • the above-mentioned capacitive sensor further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein all the first electrode plates in the above-mentioned M electrode plate pairs are connected to the first electrode , All the second electrode plates in the above M electrode plate pairs are connected with the second electrode.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode can connect the capacitance sensor to other modules or units.
  • the capacitance sensor when the capacitance sensor is installed in an electronic device, the capacitance sensor can be connected to the electronic device through the first electrode and the second electrode of the capacitance sensor. The device is connected.
  • the capacitive sensor When the above-mentioned capacitive sensor includes M electrode plate pairs and further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the capacitive sensor may be called a double comb capacitive sensor.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor and the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor can be increased as much as possible in the case of limited space, so as to facilitate the subsequent better detection of the user's floating gesture.
  • M is less than or equal to 30.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a larger capacitance value, and at the same time have a strong capacitance field effect, without occupying a lot of space, making the capacitance sensor easy to set in the electronic device to perform the user's gestures. Detection.
  • the above-mentioned capacitive sensor is made of a flexible conductive material.
  • the aforementioned capacitance sensor is made of a flexible conductive material, it is convenient to install or fix the capacitance sensor in an electronic device.
  • the above-mentioned flexible conductive material may be a conductive material with good flexibility, for example, gold, silver, graphene and so on.
  • the foregoing capacitance sensor is obtained by three-dimensions (3D) printing.
  • the electrodes (the first electrode and the second electrode) and the electrode plates (the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate) of the above-mentioned capacitance sensor are made of any one of gold, silver, and copper.
  • the capacitance sensor in the first aspect described above can be applied to electronic devices, which can be mobile terminals (such as smart phones), smart watches, smart bracelets, computers, personal digital assistants, in-vehicle multimedia devices, Internet of Things devices, and Wearable devices and so on.
  • mobile terminals such as smart phones
  • smart watches smart bracelets
  • computers personal digital assistants
  • in-vehicle multimedia devices Internet of Things devices
  • Wearable devices and so on.
  • an electronic device in a second aspect, includes: a capacitive sensor for detecting a user's hovering gesture and generating a detection signal based on the fringe field effect; a control unit for identifying the user's hovering gesture according to the detection signal, And control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the above detection signal is used to indicate the change of the capacitance of the capacitance sensor.
  • the detection signal can be used to indicate the (real-time) size change of the capacitance value of the capacitance sensor.
  • control unit may be electrically connected to the capacitance sensor, so that the control unit can obtain a detection signal from the capacitance sensor, and then recognize the hovering gesture of the user based on the detection signal.
  • the capacitance of the capacitive sensor Due to the conductivity of human skin, when the user's hand appears in the area where the edge of the capacitive sensor is located, the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will change, and when the user makes different floating gestures, the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will change. The situation is different, so the capacitive sensor can be used to detect the user's hover gesture.
  • the capacitive sensor since the capacitive sensor has the characteristics of small size and low power consumption, and the fringe field effect based on the capacitive sensor can realize the detection of the user's floating gesture, therefore, compared with the traditional electronic device, the electronic device of this application
  • the device can reduce the space occupied by the capacitive sensor in the electronic device and the energy consumption generated while realizing the detection of the hover gesture of the user.
  • control unit is configured to determine the hover gesture of the user according to the detection signal and the first correspondence information, wherein the first correspondence information is used to indicate different detection signals The corresponding dangling gesture.
  • control unit may determine the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal according to the first correspondence information, and determine the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal as the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the foregoing first correspondence information may be used to indicate the correspondence between different detection signals and different floating gestures, and the first correspondence information may be manually determined.
  • the above-mentioned first correspondence information may be stored in an electronic device.
  • the electronic device recognizes the user's hover gesture based on the detection signal, the first correspondence information may be acquired first, and then the detection signal correspondence may be determined according to the first correspondence information Dangling gesture.
  • control unit is used to input the detection signal into the gesture recognition model for processing, so as to recognize the floating gesture of the user.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model is obtained by training based on training data, and the training data includes various detection signals and floating gestures corresponding to the various detection signals.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model may be a neural network model.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model can be a simple neural network model (for example, a simple regression model), or a more complex neural network model (for example, a neural network with more layers and more complicated network connections) to fulfill.
  • a simple neural network model for example, a simple regression model
  • a more complex neural network model for example, a neural network with more layers and more complicated network connections
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model may include first correspondence information.
  • the gesture recognition model can determine the floating gesture corresponding to the detection signal according to the first correspondence information, and then recognize the user’s Hanging gesture (the hanging gesture corresponding to the detection signal is the identified hanging gesture of the user).
  • control unit before the control unit controls the electronic device to perform an operation matching the hovering gesture of the user, the above-mentioned control unit is further configured to determine that the electronic device is working in a hovering operation mode.
  • the above-mentioned floating operation mode may also be referred to as an air gesture recognition control mode, an air gesture or an air control mode, and so on.
  • control unit controls the electronic device to perform an operation matched with the user's hovering gesture after determining that the electronic device is working in the hovering operation mode, which can avoid misoperation or misresponse of the electronic device.
  • control unit is used to determine that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode when the floating gesture of the user is the first floating gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture is an operation gesture for triggering the electronic device to work in the floating operation mode.
  • control unit is further used for determining that the electronic device is working in a non-suspending operation mode in a case where the floating gesture of the user is a floating gesture other than the first floating gesture.
  • control unit is further configured to determine whether the hovering operation gesture of the user is the first hovering gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture can be either one gesture or multiple gestures.
  • the first floating gesture includes multiple gestures, as long as the user makes any one of the multiple gestures, it can be considered that the user has made The first dangling gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture may be a preset specific operation gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture may specifically be gestures such as swiping left, swiping right, flipping up, flipping down, and confirming.
  • the above control unit can determine whether the user's hovering gesture is the first hovering gesture, and when the user's hovering gesture is the first hovering gesture, it is determined that the electronic device is working in the air. Mode of operation.
  • the floating gesture of the user is a floating gesture other than the first floating gesture, it is determined that the electronic device is working in a non-suspending operation mode.
  • the control unit When the electronic device is working in the non-suspending operation mode, the control unit does not control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the suspended gesture of the user.
  • the user may input an operation signal to the electronic device through other methods (for example, key operation or touch operation), and the control unit then controls the electronic device according to the operation signal input by the user.
  • control unit when the electronic device is in the hovering operation mode, the above-mentioned control unit is further configured to: when the user's hovering gesture is the second hovering gesture, the electronic device The equipment is switched from floating operation mode to non-floating operation mode.
  • the above-mentioned second hovering gesture may be a hovering gesture that causes the electronic device to exit the hovering operation mode.
  • the user can flexibly control the electronic device to switch from the hovering operation mode to the non-floating operation mode, thereby realizing the electronic device working mode Flexible switching.
  • control unit is used to determine that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode when the floating operation mode switch of the electronic device is in an on state.
  • control unit is further configured to determine that the electronic device is working in a non-floating operation mode when the floating operation mode switch of the electronic device is in a closed state.
  • the above-mentioned floating operation mode switch may be a mechanical switch or an electronic switch.
  • the floating operation mode switch When the above floating operation mode switch is a mechanical switch, the floating operation mode switch may be a button or a key, and the user can set whether the electronic device works in the floating operation mode by operating the button or the key.
  • the control unit can determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode by detecting the state of the corresponding button or switch.
  • the control unit can determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode by detecting the state information of the electronic device.
  • control unit when the floating operation mode switch of the electronic device is in the off state, the control unit will not control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the floating gesture of the user. Further, the control unit does not recognize the hovering gesture of the user according to the detection signal. Further, the capacitive sensor does not detect the hovering gesture of the user and generates a detection signal based on the fringe field effect.
  • control unit is configured to determine that the electronic device is working in the suspended operation mode when the posture of the electronic device is the first posture.
  • the above-mentioned first posture is a posture that triggers the electronic device to work in a floating operation mode.
  • control unit is further configured to determine that the electronic device is working in a suspended operation mode when the posture of the electronic device is a posture other than the first posture.
  • control unit is further configured to determine whether the posture of the electronic device is the first posture.
  • the above-mentioned first posture may be a predetermined specific posture.
  • the above-mentioned first posture can be either one posture or multiple postures.
  • the first posture includes multiple postures, as long as the electronic device is in any one of the multiple posture gestures, it can be considered that the electronic device is in the first posture.
  • One gesture is the first posture that is in the first posture.
  • control unit can determine whether the electronic device is working in the first posture. When the electronic device is in the first posture, the control unit determines that the electronic device is working in the suspended operation mode, and when the electronic device is in the second posture, the control unit determines The electronic device works in a non-floating mode of operation.
  • the control unit When the electronic device is working in the non-suspending operation mode, the control unit does not control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the suspended gesture of the user.
  • the user may input an operation signal to the electronic device through other methods (for example, key operation or touch operation), and the control unit then controls the electronic device according to the operation signal input by the user.
  • the above-mentioned first posture may include horizontal placement and vertical placement.
  • the electronic device When the electronic device is in the first posture, it may mean that the electronic device is in a horizontal placement state or a vertical placement state.
  • the posture of the electronic device can be determined by the information detected by the gyroscope.
  • control unit is further configured to determine that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode when the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor is less than or equal to the preset distance and the holding time is greater than or equal to the preset time.
  • control unit is further configured to determine that the electronic device is working in a non-floating operation mode when the distance between the user and the capacitive sensor is greater than a preset distance.
  • control unit is further configured to determine that the electronic device is working in a non-floating operation mode when the distance between the user and the capacitive sensor is less than a preset distance and the holding time is less than a preset time.
  • control unit is used to determine the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor and the time that the user stays close to the capacitive sensor.
  • a distance sensor can be used to determine the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor, and the control unit can obtain information about the distance between the user and the capacitive sensor from the distance sensor.
  • the above-mentioned capacitive sensor includes M electrode plate pairs, and each of the M electrode plate pairs is composed of a first electrode plate and a second electrode that are placed opposite each other.
  • the board is formed.
  • the ratio of the electrode plate length of each electrode plate pair to the distance between each electrode plate pair is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 30, where M is a positive integer.
  • the electrode plate length can be the length of the opposite electrode plate portion of the electrode plate pair, or the length of the first electrode plate or the second electrode plate constituting the electrode plate pair.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in each electrode plate pair are made of wave-shaped conductive materials.
  • the capacitive sensor since the ratio of the plate length to the plate spacing in the capacitive sensor is between 1 and 30, the capacitive sensor has a strong fringe field effect. Therefore, the capacitive sensor is placed in the electronic The device can better detect the user's hovering gesture.
  • the ratio of the electrode plate length of each electrode plate pair to the pitch of each electrode plate pair is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 15.
  • the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor is stronger, so that the capacitive sensor detects the user's floating gesture Has higher sensitivity.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in each of the above-mentioned electrode plate pairs are any one of rectangular, cylindrical, and wavy conductive materials kind.
  • the area of the electrode plate of the electrode plate pair in the capacitance sensor can be increased under the condition of certain space, so that the capacitance sensor has a larger capacitance value.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor will also change significantly, which is beneficial to better detect the floating gesture of the user.
  • the electrode plate length of the electrode plate pair in the capacitive sensor can be increased under the condition of certain space (essentially equivalent to increasing the positive electrode plate).
  • the capacitance sensor has a larger capacitance value.
  • M is greater than 1, and the M electrode plate pairs are formed by alternately arranging the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate.
  • the capacitive sensor When M is greater than 1, the capacitive sensor includes a plurality of electrode plate pairs, which can increase the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor, so that the electronic device can use the capacitive sensor to better detect the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a certain capacitance value, which is convenient for detecting the capacitance value change of the capacitance sensor.
  • the above-mentioned capacitance sensor further includes: a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein all the first electrode plates in the above-mentioned M electrode plate pairs are connected to the first electrode Connected, all the second electrode plates in the M electrode plate pairs are connected to the second electrode.
  • the above-mentioned first electrode and second electrode may connect the capacitance sensor to the control unit.
  • the capacitive sensor When the above-mentioned capacitive sensor includes M electrode plate pairs and further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the capacitive sensor may be called a double comb capacitive sensor.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor and the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor can be increased as much as possible in the case of limited space, so as to facilitate the subsequent better detection of the user's floating gesture.
  • M is less than or equal to 30.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a larger capacitance value, and at the same time have a strong capacitance field effect, without occupying a lot of space, making the capacitance sensor easy to set in the electronic device to perform the user's gestures. Detection.
  • the capacitive sensor is made of a flexible conductive material.
  • the aforementioned capacitance sensor is made of a flexible conductive material, it is convenient to install or fix the capacitance sensor in an electronic device.
  • the electrodes (the first electrode and the second electrode) and the electrode plates (the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate) of the above-mentioned capacitance sensor are made of any one of gold, silver, and copper.
  • the capacitive sensor is arranged on the surface of the electronic device in a 3D printing manner.
  • the ratio of the effective electrode length to the distance between the electrode plates is greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 12.
  • the effective electrode length may refer to the length of the overlapping portion of two oppositely placed electrodes in the electrode pair.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a suitable size of capacitance, and at the same time, it can form a better fringe field, which can better Realize the detection of the user's hovering gesture.
  • the electronic device in the above second aspect may be a mobile terminal (such as a smart phone), a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a vehicle-mounted multimedia device, an Internet of Things device, a wearable device, and so on.
  • a mobile terminal such as a smart phone
  • a smart watch such as a smart watch
  • a smart bracelet such as a computer
  • a personal digital assistant such as a personal digital assistant
  • vehicle-mounted multimedia device such as an Internet of Things device, a wearable device, and so on.
  • a control method of an electronic device includes: acquiring a detection signal of a capacitance sensor; recognizing a user's hovering gesture based on the detection signal; and controlling the electronic device to perform an operation matching the user's hovering gesture.
  • the above detection signal is a signal generated by the fringe field effect when the capacitive sensor detects the user's floating operation gesture, and the detection signal is used to indicate the capacitance change of the capacitive sensor.
  • the detection signal can be used to indicate the (real-time) size change of the capacitance value of the capacitance sensor.
  • the execution subject of the above control method may be an electronic device.
  • the above control method may be executed by a control unit in the electronic device.
  • the above-mentioned capacitance sensor can be arranged on an electronic device.
  • the above-mentioned control unit may maintain electrical connection with the capacitance sensor, so that the control unit can obtain a detection signal from the capacitance sensor, and then recognize the hovering gesture of the user based on the detection signal.
  • the capacitance of the capacitive sensor Due to the conductivity of human skin, when the user's hand appears in the area where the edge of the capacitive sensor is located, the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will change, and when the user makes different floating gestures, the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will change. The situation is different, so the capacitive sensor can be used to detect the user's hover gesture.
  • the capacitive sensor since the capacitive sensor has the characteristics of small size and low power consumption, and based on the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor, it can detect the user's floating gesture. Therefore, compared with the traditional electronic device control method, this The applied control method can reduce the space occupied by the capacitive sensor in the electronic device and the energy consumption generated while realizing the detection of the hover gesture of the user.
  • the above-mentioned identifying the hovering gesture of the user based on the detection signal includes: determining the hovering gesture of the user according to the detection signal and the first correspondence information.
  • the above-mentioned first correspondence information is used to indicate hovering gestures corresponding to different detection signals.
  • the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal may be determined according to the first correspondence information, and the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal may be determined as the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the foregoing first correspondence information may be used to indicate the correspondence between different detection signals and different floating gestures, and the first correspondence information may be manually determined.
  • the above-mentioned first correspondence information may be stored in an electronic device.
  • the electronic device recognizes the user's hover gesture based on the detection signal, the first correspondence information may be acquired first, and then the detection signal correspondence may be determined according to the first correspondence information Dangling gesture.
  • the above-mentioned recognizing the hovering gesture of the user based on the detection signal includes: inputting the detection signal into the gesture recognition model for processing, so as to recognize the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model is obtained by training based on training data, and the training data includes various detection signals and floating gestures corresponding to the various detection signals.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model may include first correspondence information.
  • the gesture recognition model can determine the floating gesture corresponding to the detection signal according to the first correspondence information, and then recognize the user’s Hanging gesture (the hanging gesture corresponding to the detection signal is the identified hanging gesture of the user).
  • the control method before controlling the electronic device to perform an operation matching the hovering gesture of the user, the control method further includes: determining that the electronic device is working in a hovering operation mode.
  • control unit controls the electronic device to perform an operation matching the user's floating gesture after determining that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode, which can avoid misoperation or misresponse of the electronic device.
  • the above determining that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode includes: determining that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode when the user's floating gesture is the first floating gesture .
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture is an operation gesture for triggering the electronic device to work in the floating operation mode.
  • the foregoing determining that the electronic device is working in a floating operation mode includes: determining that the electronic device is working in a non-suspending operation mode when the user's floating gesture is a floating gesture other than the first floating gesture.
  • the foregoing determining that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode includes: determining whether the floating operation gesture of the user is the first floating gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture can be either one gesture or multiple gestures.
  • the first floating gesture includes multiple gestures, as long as the user makes any one of the multiple gestures, it can be considered that the user has made The first dangling gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture may be a preset specific operation gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture may specifically be gestures such as swiping left, swiping right, flipping up, flipping down, and confirming.
  • the user's hovering gesture after the user's hovering gesture is determined according to the detection signal, it can be determined whether the user's hovering gesture is the first hovering gesture, and when the user's hovering gesture is the first hovering gesture, it is determined that the electronic device is working In the floating mode of operation.
  • the floating gesture of the user is a floating gesture other than the first floating gesture, it is determined that the electronic device is working in a non-suspending operation mode.
  • the electronic device when the electronic device is working in the non-suspending operation mode, the electronic device will not be controlled to perform an operation matching the suspended gesture of the user.
  • the user may input an operation signal to the electronic device through other methods (for example, key operation or touch operation), and then control the electronic device according to the operation signal input by the user.
  • the above-mentioned capacitive sensor can always detect the user's hovering gesture, and then generate a detection signal.
  • the detection signal can be always obtained from the capacitive sensor, and the user's hovering gesture can be determined according to the detection signal, but whether the electronic device is controlled to perform and the user The operation that matches the floating gesture depends on whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode.
  • the above determining that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode includes: determining that the electronic device is working in the floating operation when the floating operation mode switch of the electronic device is in the on state model.
  • the above method further includes: determining that the electronic device is working in a non-floating operation mode when the floating operation mode switch of the electronic device is in a closed state.
  • the above-mentioned floating operation mode switch may be a mechanical switch or an electronic switch.
  • the floating operation mode switch may be a button or a key, and the user can set whether the electronic device works in the floating operation mode by operating the button or the key. In this case, the state of the corresponding button or switch can be detected to determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode.
  • the user can set the state information of the electronic device through a touch operation to set whether the electronic device works in the floating operation mode.
  • the status information of the electronic device can be detected to determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode.
  • the above control method will not control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the floating gesture of the user. Further, the aforementioned control method does not recognize the hovering gesture of the user based on the detection signal. Further, the capacitive sensor does not detect the hovering gesture of the user and generates a detection signal based on the fringe field effect.
  • determining that the electronic device works in the floating operation mode includes: determining that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode when the posture of the electronic device is the first posture.
  • the above-mentioned first posture is a posture that triggers the electronic device to work in a floating operation mode.
  • the above method further includes: in a case where the posture of the electronic device is a posture other than the first posture, determining that the electronic device is working in a floating operation mode.
  • the above method further includes: determining whether the posture of the electronic device is the first posture.
  • the above-mentioned first posture may be a predetermined specific posture.
  • the above-mentioned first posture can be either one posture or multiple postures.
  • the first posture includes multiple postures, as long as the electronic device is in any one of the multiple posture gestures, it can be considered that the electronic device is in the first posture.
  • One gesture is the first posture that is in the first posture.
  • the working mode of the electronic device is related to the posture of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device When the electronic device is in the first posture, it can be determined that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode.
  • the electronic device is in the second posture it can be determined that the electronic device is working Non-floating operation mode.
  • the above control method does not control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the suspended gesture of the user.
  • the user can input an operation signal to the electronic device through other methods (for example, key operation or touch operation), and the above control method can control the electronic device according to the operation signal input by the user.
  • the above-mentioned first posture may include horizontal placement and vertical placement.
  • the electronic device When the electronic device is in the first posture, it may mean that the electronic device is in a horizontal placement state or a vertical placement state.
  • the posture of the electronic device can be determined by the information detected by the gyroscope.
  • the foregoing determining that the electronic device is operating in the floating operation mode includes: determining that the electronic device is operating in the floating operation when the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor is less than or equal to the preset distance and the holding time is greater than or equal to the preset time model.
  • the above method further includes: determining that the electronic device is working in a non-floating operation mode when the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor is greater than a preset distance.
  • the above method further includes: determining that the electronic device is working in a non-floating operation mode when the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor is less than a preset distance and the holding time is less than a preset time.
  • the above method further includes: determining the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor and the time that the user stays close to the capacitive sensor.
  • an electronic device comprising: a capacitive sensor and a processor, wherein the capacitive sensor is used to detect a user's hovering gesture and generate a detection signal based on the fringe field effect; the processor is used to identify according to the detection signal The hovering gesture of the user, and controlling the electronic device to perform an operation matching the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the above detection signal may be used to indicate the change of the capacitance of the capacitance sensor.
  • the foregoing processor may be a module or unit with a data processing function in an electronic device.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or an integrated circuit (IC) with a data processing function.
  • the capacitive sensor since the capacitive sensor has the characteristics of small size and low power consumption, and the fringe field effect based on the capacitive sensor can realize the detection of the user's floating gesture, therefore, compared with the traditional electronic device, the electronic device of this application
  • the device can reduce the space occupied by the capacitive sensor in the electronic device and the energy consumption generated while realizing the detection of the hover gesture of the user.
  • the electronic device in the above fourth aspect may be a mobile terminal (such as a smart phone), a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a vehicle-mounted multimedia device, an Internet of Things device, a wearable device, and so on.
  • a mobile terminal such as a smart phone
  • a smart watch such as a smart watch
  • a smart bracelet such as a computer
  • a personal digital assistant such as a personal digital assistant
  • vehicle-mounted multimedia device such as an Internet of Things device, a wearable device, and so on.
  • the processor in the fourth aspect described above is equivalent to the control unit in the third aspect, and the processor in the fourth aspect can implement the same functions as the control unit in the third aspect.
  • a computer program product containing instructions which when the computer program product runs on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method in the third aspect.
  • a chip in a sixth aspect, includes a processor and a data interface.
  • the processor reads instructions stored in a memory through the data interface and executes the method in the third aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the electric field lines and fringe field lines of a capacitor
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitance sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the size of a plate pair.
  • 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the ratio of the plate length to the plate spacing of the capacitive sensor and the fringe field effect;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitance sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitance sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the number of plate pairs of the capacitive sensor and the fringe field effect
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitance sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a physical schematic diagram of a capacitive sensor
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the size of the capacitive sensor
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the first hanging gesture
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive sensor set on the surface of a smart watch
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a curve obtained by fitting training samples
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the processing of the capacitance signal by the acquisition unit
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of the processing procedure of the processor.
  • gesture recognition solutions some require chips with complex computing capabilities to realize gesture recognition, which results in high energy consumption of the chip, and some require larger sensors to realize gesture recognition, which takes up a lot of space.
  • This application proposes a new type of capacitive sensor.
  • the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will cause the capacitance of the capacitive sensor to be affected by the fringe field effect. Corresponding changes will also occur. Therefore, after obtaining the change of the capacitance value of the capacitance sensor, the user's floating gesture can be determined by the correspondence between the change of the capacitance of the capacitance sensor and the user's floating gesture. Since capacitive sensors can generally be made smaller, they consume less power. Therefore, the capacitive sensor proposed in the present application can detect the hover gesture of the user while also having the advantages of small size and low energy consumption. When deployed on an electronic device, it can reduce the space occupation of the electronic device and reduce the cost of the electronic device. Power consumption.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the electric field lines and fringe field lines of a capacitor.
  • Figure 1 shows the electric field lines and fringe field lines of the capacitor (the fringe field lines can be regarded as a special kind of electric field lines, which are located at the edge of the capacitor). Due to the conductivity of the human skin, when the human hand is connected to When the fringe field line of the capacitor is equivalent to forming a new capacitor, the original distributed electric field of the capacitor is changed. This in turn causes the capacitance of the capacitor to change. When the user connects to the fringe field of the capacitor with different floating gestures, the capacitance value of the capacitor will change differently. Therefore, the correspondence between the change of the capacitance and the hovering gesture of the user can be used to determine the hovering gesture of the user, so that the capacitance can be used to detect the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the standard capacitance value of the capacitor Among them, b is the length of the capacitor plate, d is the distance between the capacitor plates, and ⁇ is the dielectric constant of the medium between the two plates of the capacitor.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor will also change. Therefore, the change of the capacitance value of the capacitor can be used to detect the user's floating gesture.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitance sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the capacitive sensor includes M electrode plate pairs.
  • each electrode plate pair is formed by a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate placed opposite each other, where M is a positive integer.
  • the capacitive sensor in this application can be composed of only one electrode plate pair, or can be composed of multiple electrode plate pairs.
  • the length of the electrode plate (the length of the electrode plate in the electrode plate pair) and the electrode plate spacing (the distance between the two electrode plates in the electrode plate pair)
  • the ratio of is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 30.
  • the capacitive sensor in this application may also be referred to as a capacitor, and for the convenience of a unified description, it is collectively referred to herein as a capacitive sensor.
  • the electrode plate length and the electrode plate spacing in the electrode plate pair will be described in detail below in conjunction with FIG. 3.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the size of a plate pair.
  • the first plate and the second plate together form a plate pair A
  • the plate length of the plate pair A can be the opposite part of the first plate and the second plate.
  • the length of the plate of the plate pair A can be represented by L0.
  • the pole plate length of the pole plate pair A in FIG. 3 can also be represented by the length of the first pole plate or the second pole plate.
  • the pole plate length of the pole plate pair A can be L1 or L2.
  • the electrode plate spacing of the electrode plate pair A in FIG. 3 may be the distance between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. As shown in FIG. 3, the electrode plate distance of the electrode plate pair A can be represented by d.
  • FIG. 3 only shows the case where the distance between the two electrode plates in the electrode plate pair is equal.
  • the spacing between the plates at different positions in the plate pair may be different.
  • the distance between the edge of the plate is larger than the middle of the plate. Partial spacing.
  • the electrode plate spacing in a certain electrode plate pair may be any one of the shortest distance, the maximum distance and the average distance from the first electrode plate to the second electrode plate of the electrode plate pair.
  • a certain electrode plate pair can be composed of a first electrode and a second electrode.
  • the length of the first electrode plate of the electrode plate pair is L
  • the electrode plate spacing of the electrode plate is d
  • L /D can represent the ratio of the plate length of the plate pair to the distance between the plates.
  • the capacitive sensor since the ratio of the plate length to the plate spacing in the capacitive sensor is between 1 and 30, the capacitive sensor has a strong fringe field effect, which can then be used to detect the user's floating gesture.
  • the capacitive sensor because the capacitive sensor has the advantages of small size and low power consumption. Therefore, when the capacitive sensor is applied to an electronic device, the detection of the user's floating gesture can be realized while occupying a small space and low power consumption.
  • the ratio of the plate length to the plate spacing in each plate pair is inversely proportional to the strength of the fringe field effect.
  • the plate length of each plate pair is The smaller the ratio of the plate spacing, the stronger the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor also has a certain impact on the detection of the user's hover gesture, therefore, when the ratio of the plate length to the plate spacing in each plate pair in the capacitive sensor is between 1 and 30 At this time, the capacitive sensor can better detect the user's hovering gesture.
  • C H represents the total capacitance value of a single capacitive sensor
  • C i1 represents a single capacitance standard capacitance value (without considering the fringing field lines)
  • ⁇ H represents a difference between C H and C i1's
  • ⁇ H more Smaller means that the fringe field effect of the capacitor is smaller.
  • ⁇ H is smaller, indicating that the fringe field effect of the capacitor is smaller.
  • the capacitive sensor can be used to detect the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the ratio of the plate length to the plate spacing in each plate pair in the capacitive sensor can be set smaller.
  • the ratio of the electrode plate length of each electrode plate pair in the M electrode plate pairs to the distance between each electrode plate pair may be greater than 1 and less than or equal to 15.
  • the ratio of the plate length of each plate pair to the spacing of the plate pair in the capacitive sensor is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 15, the plate length and the plate spacing of each plate pair in the capacitive sensor are The ratio becomes smaller, and the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor is stronger, so that the capacitive sensor has higher sensitivity when detecting the user's floating gesture.
  • the capacitive sensor when M is greater than 1, the capacitive sensor may include a plurality of electrode plate pairs.
  • the M electrode plate pairs may be formed by alternately arranging the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate.
  • M electrode plate pairs can be formed by alternately arranging X first electrode plates and Y second electrode plates.
  • first electrode plate or the second electrode plate can be multiplexed, so that when the number of electrode plates is limited, Form as many plate pairs as possible.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitance sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the capacitance sensor includes 4 first electrode plates and 3 second electrode plates, among which, 4 first electrode plates are connected to the first electrode, and 3 second electrode plates are connected to the second electrode.
  • 6 electrode plate pairs are formed between the 4 first electrode plates and the 3 second electrode plates.
  • the second plate located between the two first plates can not only form a plate pair with the upper first plate, but also form a plate pair with the lower first plate. .
  • a larger number of plate pairs can be formed under the condition that the number of plates is limited, so that the capacitance sensor has a higher capacitance value and Stronger fringe field effect, so that when the user connects to the fringe field of the capacitive sensor with different floating gestures, the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor changes more obviously, which can more accurately detect the different floating gestures of the user.
  • the capacitive sensor when M is greater than 1, the capacitive sensor includes a plurality of electrode plate pairs, which can increase the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor, so that the capacitive sensor can be better used to detect the floating gesture of the user.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a certain capacitance value, which is convenient for detecting the capacitance value change of the capacitance sensor.
  • the capacitive sensor when the capacitive sensor includes a plurality of electrode plate pairs, through proper parameter design, the capacitive sensor can have a strong fringe field distribution. When the user's hand intervenes in the fringe field of the capacitive sensor, the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor changes due to the influence of the coupling capacitance. Based on this, the human gesture can be detected. Since the structure of the capacitive sensor is relatively simple (mainly formed by cascading multiple electrode plate pairs), and the power consumption is relatively small, the capacitive sensor of the present application can occupy less space and consume less power. The following realizes the detection of the user's hovering gesture.
  • the above-mentioned capacitance sensor further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein all the first electrode plates in the above-mentioned M electrode plate pairs are connected to the first electrode, and the above-mentioned M electrode plate pairs are connected to the first electrode. All the second plates in are connected to the second electrode.
  • the above-mentioned first electrode and second electrode can connect the capacitance sensor with other modules or units.
  • the capacitance sensor when the aforementioned capacitance sensor is installed in an electronic device, the capacitance sensor can be connected to the electronic device through the first electrode and the second electrode of the capacitance sensor.
  • the capacitive sensor can be called a double comb capacitive sensor (the electrode plate pair in this case can be called a comb tooth pair).
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor and the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor can be increased as much as possible in the case of limited space, so as to facilitate the subsequent better detection of the user's floating gesture.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in each electrode plate pair of the above M electrode plate pairs are made of conductive materials.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate may have various specific shapes. Specifically, the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate may be any one of a rectangular shape, a cylindrical shape, and a wave shape.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in each electrode plate pair are made of rectangular conductive materials.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitance sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are both made of wave-shaped conductive materials.
  • the area of the electrode plate of the electrode plate pair in the capacitance sensor can be increased under the condition of certain space, so that the capacitance sensor has a larger capacitance value.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor will also change significantly, which is beneficial to better detect the floating gesture of the user.
  • the electrode plate length of the electrode plate pair in the capacitive sensor can be increased under the condition of certain space (essentially equivalent to increasing the area facing the electrode plate) , So that the capacitive sensor has a larger capacitance value.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor will also change significantly, which is conducive to better detection of the user's floating gesture .
  • M is not as large as possible.
  • M can be set within a certain range so that the capacitance sensor occupies less space.
  • the foregoing M is less than or equal to 30.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a larger capacitance value, and at the same time have a strong capacitance field effect, without occupying a lot of space, making the capacitance sensor easy to set in the electronic device to perform the user's gestures. Detection.
  • C i represents the standard capacitance value of a capacitive sensor containing multiple electrode plate pairs (without considering fringe field lines)
  • C e0 represents the total capacitance value of a capacitive sensor containing multiple electrode plate pairs
  • ⁇ H represents the difference between C e0 and C i . The smaller the ⁇ H, the smaller the fringe field effect of the capacitor.
  • the above-mentioned capacitive sensor is made of a flexible conductive material.
  • the aforementioned capacitance sensor is made of a flexible conductive material, it is convenient to install or fix the capacitance sensor in an electronic device.
  • the above-mentioned flexible conductive material may be a conductive material with good flexibility, for example, gold, silver, graphene and so on.
  • the above-mentioned capacitance sensor is obtained by three-dimensional (3D) printing.
  • the extension direction of the first electrode and the second electrode may be the same. As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the extension directions of the first electrode and the second electrode are the same.
  • the extension direction of the first electrode and the second electrode may also be different.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitance sensor according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 8, the extending directions of the first electrode and the second electrode are opposite.
  • the extension directions of the first electrode and the second electrode of the capacitance sensor in the embodiment of the present application can be flexibly set, and the extension directions of the first electrode and the second electrode can be set to be the same as required, or as required
  • the extension directions of the first electrode and the second electrode should be set to be opposite, so that the capacitance sensor can be arranged or installed in an electronic device, and the space occupied by the capacitance sensor can be reduced as much as possible.
  • the capacitive sensor in the embodiment of the present application may be provided in an electronic device to realize the detection of the user's hovering gesture, so as to realize the control of the electronic device by using the user's hovering gesture.
  • FIG. 9 is a physical schematic diagram of a capacitive sensor.
  • the capacitive sensor includes first electrodes and second electrodes with opposite extending directions, and a plurality of first electrode plates and a plurality of second electrode plates, and the plurality of first electrode plates and the plurality of second electrode plates are alternately arranged A number of plate pairs are formed.
  • the ratio of the effective electrode length to the distance between the electrode plates is greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 12.
  • the effective electrode length may refer to the length of the overlapping portion of two oppositely placed electrodes in the electrode pair.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a suitable size of capacitance, and at the same time, it can form a better fringe field, which can better Realize the detection of the user's hovering gesture.
  • FIG. 10 uses FIG. 10 as an example to describe the specific size of the capacitance sensor.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the size of a capacitive sensor.
  • the capacitive sensor includes 4 first plates and 3 second plates, among which, 4 first plates are connected to the first electrode, and 3 second plates are connected to the second electrode.
  • the 4 first electrode plates and the 3 second electrode plates form 6 electrode plate pairs.
  • the length of a single plate (first plate or second plate) is 1.3mm
  • the width of a single plate is 0.1mm
  • the distance between the plates is 0.1mm
  • the width of the first electrode and the second electrode The length of the electrode area formed by 6 electrode pairs is 1.3 mm.
  • FIG. 10 is only an example of a specific size of the capacitance sensor, and does not constitute any limitation on the size of the capacitance sensor.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 1000 shown in FIG. 11 includes a capacitance sensor 1010 and a control unit 1020.
  • the functions of the sensor 1010 and the control unit 1020 will be described in detail below.
  • the above-mentioned capacitive sensor 1010 is used to detect the floating operation made by the user to generate a detection signal; the above-mentioned control unit 1020 is used to recognize the user's floating gesture according to the detection signal, and control the electronic device to perform the same as the user's floating gesture. Matching operation.
  • the capacitive sensor 1010 here may be any capacitive sensor capable of detecting the floating gesture of the user based on the fringe field effect.
  • the above detection signal is used to indicate the change of the capacitance of the capacitance sensor.
  • the detection signal can be used to indicate the (real-time) size change of the capacitance value of the capacitance sensor.
  • control unit may be electrically connected to the capacitance sensor, so that the control unit can obtain a detection signal from the capacitance sensor, and then recognize the hovering gesture of the user based on the detection signal.
  • the capacitance of the capacitive sensor Due to the conductivity of human skin, when the user's hand appears in the area where the edge of the capacitive sensor is located, the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will change, and when the user makes different floating gestures, the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will change. The situation is different, so the capacitive sensor can be used to detect the user's hover gesture.
  • the capacitive sensor since the capacitive sensor has the characteristics of small size and low power consumption, and the fringe field effect based on the capacitive sensor can realize the detection of the user's floating gesture, therefore, compared with the traditional electronic device, the electronic device of this application
  • the device can reduce the space occupied by the capacitive sensor in the electronic device and the energy consumption generated while realizing the detection of the hover gesture of the user.
  • the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will change differently when the user makes different floating gestures, that is, there is a certain correspondence between the floating gesture and the capacitance of the capacitive sensor. Therefore, it can be based on the floating gesture and the capacitance of the capacitive sensor. Correspondence between to determine the user's hovering gesture.
  • the electronic device 1000 shown in FIG. 11 may specifically be a mobile terminal (such as a smart phone), a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a vehicle-mounted multimedia device, an Internet of Things device, a wearable device, and so on.
  • a mobile terminal such as a smart phone
  • a smart watch such as a smart watch
  • a smart bracelet such as a computer
  • a personal digital assistant such as a personal digital assistant
  • vehicle-mounted multimedia device such as an Internet of Things device, a wearable device, and so on.
  • control unit 1020 is configured to determine the hovering gesture of the user according to the detection signal and the first correspondence information.
  • the above-mentioned first correspondence information is used to indicate hovering gestures corresponding to different detection signals.
  • control unit 1020 may determine the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal by the first correspondence information, and determine the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal as the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the foregoing first correspondence information may be used to indicate the correspondence between different detection signals and different floating gestures, and the first correspondence information may be manually determined.
  • the above-mentioned first correspondence information may be stored in an electronic device.
  • the electronic device recognizes the user's hover gesture based on the detection signal, the first correspondence information may be acquired first, and then the detection signal correspondence may be determined according to the first correspondence information Dangling gesture.
  • control unit 1020 is configured to input the detection signal into the gesture recognition model for processing, so as to recognize the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model is obtained by training based on training data, and the training data includes various detection signals and floating gestures corresponding to the various detection signals.
  • gesture recognition model when training the gesture recognition model, you can first classify and test various floating gestures, use multiple capacitive sensors to collect various detection signals at the same time, convert them into digital signals, and then input them into the gesture recognition model for training , Through supervised learning, a gesture recognition model containing the corresponding relationship between various capacitive sensing change trends and specific floating operations is obtained.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model may be a neural network model.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model can be a simple neural network model (for example, a simple regression model), or a more complex neural network model (for example, a neural network with more layers and more complicated network connections) to fulfill.
  • a simple neural network model for example, a simple regression model
  • a more complex neural network model for example, a neural network with more layers and more complicated network connections
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model may include first correspondence information.
  • the gesture recognition model can determine the floating gesture corresponding to the detection signal according to the first correspondence information, and then recognize The hovering gesture of the user (the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal is the recognized hovering gesture of the user).
  • a certain number for example, 10-100
  • the gestures are regressively classified, and finally the gesture recognition model is established.
  • Supervised learning refers to learning a function (model parameter) from a given training data set. When a new number is obtained, the prediction result can be determined based on this function.
  • the training set requirements for supervised learning include input and output, which can also be said to be features and targets. The targets in the training set are marked by people.
  • Supervised learning is actually the most common classification (attention and clustering distinction) problem, through the existing training samples (that is, known data and its corresponding output) to train to obtain an optimal model (this model belongs to a certain function Set, the best means the best under a certain evaluation criterion), and then use this model to map all the inputs to the corresponding outputs, and make simple judgments on the outputs to achieve the purpose of classification. It also has the ability to classify unknown data.
  • supervised learning is a common technique for training neural networks and decision trees. These two technologies are highly dependent on the information given by the pre-determined classification system.
  • the classification system can use the information to judge the errors of the network, and then continuously adjust the network parameters.
  • decision trees classification systems use it to determine which attributes provide the most information.
  • the detection signal can be obtained from the capacitance sensor, and the detection signal can be converted into a current change signal.
  • the gesture recognition model can be used to recognize the current change signal. Then a gesture matching the detection signal is obtained.
  • Algorithms such as Bayesian and decision tree can be used in recognition.
  • Bayesian formula The purpose of the Bayesian formula is to infer the fourth probability by knowing the three probabilities. Its content is: under the premise of the occurrence of B, the probability of A's appearance is equal to the probability of B's appearance under the premise of A's appearance multiplied by the probability of A's appearance divided by the probability of B's appearance.
  • the Bayesian formula for gesture recognition is mainly to determine the gesture that matches the detection signal by analyzing the correlation between different gestures.
  • the electronic device can always work in the hovering operation mode. As long as the user makes a corresponding hovering gesture, the electronic device will detect the user's hovering gesture and perform an operation that matches the user's hovering gesture.
  • control unit may also first determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode, and if the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode, then control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the user's floating gesture.
  • control unit 1020 controls the electronic device to perform an operation matching the hovering gesture of the user
  • the above-mentioned control unit 1020 may also be used to determine whether the electronic device is working in the hovering operation mode.
  • control unit 1020 controls the electronic device to perform an operation matching the user's floating gesture after determining that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode, which can avoid misoperation or misresponse of the electronic device.
  • control unit 1020 may use multiple methods to determine that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode. Several possible methods are described in detail below.
  • the first method is to determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode according to the floating gesture of the user.
  • control unit 1020 determining whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode may specifically include steps 2001 to 2003.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture can be either one gesture or multiple gestures.
  • the first floating gesture includes multiple gestures, as long as the user makes any one of the multiple gestures, it can be considered that the user has made The first dangling gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture may be a preset specific operation gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture may specifically be gestures such as swiping left, swiping right, flipping up, flipping down, and confirming.
  • the first hovering gesture here may be a hovering gesture that triggers the user to work in the hovering operation mode.
  • the control unit detects that the user's hovering gesture is the first hovering operation, the control unit will control the electronic device to perform matching with the user's hovering gesture Operation.
  • the control unit does not control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the user can control the electronic device in other ways (for example, key operation or touch operation).
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a first floating gesture (which may be referred to as a confirming gesture).
  • a first floating gesture which may be referred to as a confirming gesture.
  • control unit when the electronic device is in the floating operation mode, is further configured to: switch the operation of the electronic device from the floating operation mode when the user's floating gesture is the second floating gesture To non-floating operation mode.
  • the above-mentioned second hovering gesture may be a hovering gesture that causes the electronic device to exit the hovering operation mode.
  • the user can flexibly control the electronic device to switch from the hovering operation mode to the non-floating operation mode, thereby realizing the electronic device working mode Flexible switching.
  • the second method is to determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode according to the state of the floating operation mode switch.
  • control unit 1020 determining whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode may specifically include steps 3001 to 3003.
  • the above floating operation mode switch may be a mechanical switch. At this time, the user can select whether to turn on the floating operation mode switch.
  • the above-mentioned floating operation mode may also be an electronic switch. In this case, the user can control whether the electronic device enters the floating operation mode by operating a button or a touch screen.
  • the above-mentioned floating operation mode switch may be a mechanical switch or an electronic switch.
  • the floating operation mode switch When the above floating operation mode switch is a mechanical switch, the floating operation mode switch may be a button or a key, and the user can set whether the electronic device works in the floating operation mode by operating the button or the key.
  • the control unit can determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode by detecting the state of the corresponding button or switch.
  • the control unit can determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode by detecting the state information of the electronic device.
  • control unit when the floating operation mode switch of the electronic device is in the off state, the control unit will not control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the floating gesture of the user. Further, the control unit does not recognize the hovering gesture of the user according to the detection signal. Further, the capacitive sensor does not detect the hovering gesture of the user and generates a detection signal based on the fringe field effect.
  • the connection between the control unit and the capacitive sensor is disconnected, and the control unit cannot obtain the detection signal, and naturally cannot recognize the user's floating gesture based on the detection signal.
  • the capacitive sensor when the floating operation mode switch of the electronic device is in the off state, no voltage may be applied to both ends of the capacitive sensor. In this case, the capacitive sensor does not detect the floating gesture of the user and generates a detection signal based on the fringe field effect.
  • the third method is to determine whether the electronic device is working in a floating operation mode according to the posture of the electronic device.
  • control unit 1020 determining whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode may specifically include steps 4001 to 4003.
  • the posture of the electronic device is a posture other than the first posture, it is determined that the electronic device is working in a non-floating operation mode.
  • the above-mentioned first posture can be either one posture or multiple postures.
  • the first posture includes multiple postures, as long as the electronic device is in any one of the multiple posture gestures, it can be considered that the electronic device is in the first posture.
  • One gesture is the first posture that is in the first posture.
  • control unit can determine whether the electronic device is working in the first posture. When the electronic device is in the first posture, the control unit determines that the electronic device is working in the suspended operation mode, and when the electronic device is in the second posture, the control unit determines The electronic device works in a non-floating mode of operation.
  • the control unit When the electronic device is working in the non-suspending operation mode, the control unit does not control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the suspended gesture of the user.
  • the user may input an operation signal to the electronic device through other methods (for example, key operation or touch operation), and the control unit then controls the electronic device according to the operation signal input by the user.
  • the above-mentioned first posture may include horizontal placement and vertical placement.
  • the electronic device When the electronic device is in the first posture, it may mean that the electronic device is in a horizontal placement state or a vertical placement state.
  • the posture of the electronic device can be determined by the information detected by the gyroscope.
  • the fourth method is to determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode according to the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor.
  • control unit 1020 determining whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode may specifically include steps 5001 to 5003.
  • the electronic device In a case where the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor is less than the preset distance and the holding time is less than the preset time, it is determined that the electronic device is working in a non-floating operation mode.
  • the electronic device may determine the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor through the distance sensor, and the control unit may obtain the information of the distance between the user and the capacitive sensor from the distance sensor.
  • the capacitive sensor can always detect the user's hovering gesture, as long as the detection signal generated by the capacitive sensor is acquired, the control unit will determine the user's hovering gesture according to the detection signal, but whether the control unit controls the electronic device to perform and The operation that matches the hovering gesture of the user depends on whether the electronic device is working in the hovering operation mode.
  • the foregoing capacitance sensor 1010 may be the capacitance sensor described in FIGS. 1 to 10 above.
  • the structure of the capacitance sensor 1010 will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For a detailed introduction of the specific structure of the capacitance sensor 1010, refer to the introduction of the capacitance sensor in FIGS. 1 to 10.
  • the above-mentioned capacitance sensor includes M electrode plate pairs, and each of the M electrode plate pairs is formed by a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate placed opposite to each other.
  • the ratio of the electrode plate length of each electrode plate pair to the distance between each electrode plate pair is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 30, where M is a positive integer.
  • the electrode plate length can be the length of the opposite electrode plate portion of the electrode plate pair, or the length of the first electrode plate or the second electrode plate constituting the electrode plate pair.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in each electrode plate pair of the above M electrode plate pairs are made of wave-shaped conductive materials.
  • the capacitive sensor since the ratio of the plate length to the plate spacing in the capacitive sensor is between 1 and 30, the capacitive sensor has a strong fringe field effect. Therefore, the capacitive sensor is placed in the electronic The device can better detect the user's hovering gesture.
  • the ratio of the electrode plate length of each electrode plate pair in the aforementioned M electrode plate pairs to the distance between each electrode plate pair is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 15.
  • the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor is stronger, so that the capacitive sensor detects the user's floating gesture Has higher sensitivity.
  • the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in each electrode plate pair of the M electrode plate pairs are any one of rectangular, cylindrical and wave-shaped conductive materials.
  • the area of the electrode plate of the electrode plate pair in the capacitance sensor can be increased under the condition of certain space, so that the capacitance sensor has a larger capacitance value.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor will also change significantly, which is beneficial to better detect the floating gesture of the user.
  • the electrode plate length of the electrode plate pair in the capacitance sensor can be increased under the condition of certain space, so that the capacitance sensor has a larger capacitance value
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor will also change significantly, which is beneficial to better detect the floating gesture of the user.
  • the foregoing M is greater than 1, and the M electrode plate pairs are formed by alternately arranging the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate.
  • the capacitive sensor When M is greater than 1, the capacitive sensor includes a plurality of electrode plate pairs, which can increase the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor, so that the electronic device can use the capacitive sensor to better detect the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a certain capacitance value, which is convenient for detecting the capacitance value change of the capacitance sensor.
  • the foregoing capacitance sensor 1010 further includes: a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein all the first electrode plates in the foregoing M electrode plate pairs are connected to the first electrode, and the foregoing M electrode plates are connected to the first electrode. All the second plates in the plate pair are connected to the second electrodes.
  • the above-mentioned first electrode and second electrode may connect the capacitance sensor 1010 and the control unit 1020.
  • the capacitance sensor 1010 may be referred to as a double comb-shaped capacitance sensor.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor 1010 and the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor can be increased as much as possible in the case of limited space, so as to facilitate subsequent better detection of the user's floating gesture.
  • the foregoing M is less than or equal to 30.
  • the capacitance sensor 1010 can be made to have a larger capacitance value, and at the same time have a strong capacitance field effect, without occupying a lot of space, so that the capacitance sensor is convenient to be installed in an electronic device for user gestures. Perform testing.
  • the aforementioned capacitance sensor 1010 is made of a flexible conductive material.
  • the aforementioned capacitance sensor is made of a flexible conductive material, it is convenient to install or fix the capacitance sensor in an electronic device.
  • the electrodes (the first electrode and the second electrode) and the electrode plates (the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate) of the capacitance sensor 1010 are made of any one of gold, silver, and copper.
  • the aforementioned capacitance sensor 1010 is arranged on the surface of the electronic device in a 3D printing manner.
  • the capacitive sensor 1010 is arranged on the surface of the electronic device by 3D printing, which can simplify the complexity of installing the capacitive sensor on the electronic device and simplify the process flow.
  • the ratio of the effective electrode length to the distance between the electrode plates is greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 12.
  • the effective electrode length may refer to the length of the overlapping portion of two oppositely placed electrodes in the electrode pair.
  • the capacitance sensor can have a suitable size of capacitance, and at the same time, it can form a better fringe field, which can better Realize the detection of the user's hovering gesture.
  • the capacitance sensor 1010 can be attached to the surface of the electronic device 1000. Specifically, the capacitance sensor 1010 may be attached to one side of the operation surface of the electronic device 1000.
  • the hovering gesture of the user can be detected by the capacitive sensor 1010 in the electronic device 1000.
  • the capacitance sensor 1010 can be attached to the dial surface of the smart watch. Specifically, the capacitance sensor 1010 can be attached to the bezel or screen (not limited to the bezel or screen of a smart watch) and so on. As shown in Figure 13, there are a total of 8 capacitive sensors (numbered 1-8 respectively) on the smart watch, and these 8 capacitive sensors can be evenly attached to the bezel of the smart watch.
  • the two ends of the capacitive sensor can be connected to the dial circuit through conductive materials.
  • the capacitance of the capacitive sensor changes, which causes the voltage in the dial circuit to change. In this way, the capacitive sensor can detect the detection signal generated by the user's hovering gesture.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device.
  • the electronic device 6000 will be described below with reference to FIG. 14.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 6000 shown in FIG. 14 includes a capacitance sensor 6010 and a processor 6020.
  • the functions of the capacitance sensor 6010 and the processor 6020 will be described below.
  • the capacitive sensor 6010 is used to detect the hovering gesture of the user and generate a detection signal based on the fringe field effect; the processor 6020 is used to recognize the hovering gesture of the user according to the detection signal, and control the electronic device 6000 to perform an operation matching the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the above detection signal may be used to indicate the change of the capacitance of the capacitance sensor.
  • the foregoing processor may be a module or unit with a data processing function in an electronic device.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or a hardware circuit with a data processing function.
  • the foregoing capacitance sensor 6010 and the foregoing capacitance sensor 1010 may have the same structure.
  • the capacitive sensor since the capacitive sensor has the characteristics of small size and low power consumption, and the fringe field effect based on the capacitive sensor can realize the detection of the user's floating gesture, therefore, compared with the traditional electronic device, the electronic device of this application
  • the device can reduce the space occupied by the capacitive sensor in the electronic device and the energy consumption generated while realizing the detection of the hover gesture of the user.
  • the electronic device 6000 shown in FIG. 14 may be a mobile terminal (such as a smart phone), a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a vehicle-mounted multimedia device, an Internet of Things device, a wearable device, and so on.
  • a mobile terminal such as a smart phone
  • a smart watch such as a smart watch
  • a smart bracelet such as a computer
  • a personal digital assistant such as a personal digital assistant
  • vehicle-mounted multimedia device such as an Internet of Things device, a wearable device, and so on.
  • the above-mentioned electronic device 6000 may also include a communication interface and a memory, etc., which will be described below with reference to FIG. 15.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 6000 shown in FIG. 15 includes a capacitance sensor 6010, a processor 6020, a communication interface 6030, a memory 6040, and a bus 6050.
  • the memory 6040, the processor 6020, and the communication interface 6030 can communicate with each other through the bus 6050.
  • a brief introduction to each module is given below.
  • the memory 6040 may be a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device and a random access memory (RAM).
  • the memory 6040 may store a program. When the program stored in the memory 6040 is executed by the processor 6020, the processor 6020 and the communication interface 6030 may be used for each step of the electronic device control method of the embodiment of the present application described below.
  • the processor 6020 may adopt a general-purpose CPU, a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or one or more integrated circuits for executing related programs. , In order to realize the functions required to be performed by the units in the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application, or execute the control method of the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • the processor 6020 may also be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability.
  • each step of the control method of the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 6020 or instructions in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor 6020 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processing (digital signal processing, DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, Discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 6040, and the processor 6020 can read the information in the memory 6040 and combine its hardware to complete the functions required by the units included in the electronic device of the embodiment of the application, or perform the electronic device of the embodiment of the application. Control method of equipment.
  • the communication interface 6030 uses a transceiving device such as but not limited to a transceiver to implement communication between the electronic device 6000 and other devices or a communication network.
  • a transceiving device such as but not limited to a transceiver to implement communication between the electronic device 6000 and other devices or a communication network.
  • the bus 6050 may include a path for transferring information between various components of the electronic device 6000 (for example, the memory 6040, the processor 6020, and the communication interface 6030).
  • the device 6000 may also include other devices necessary for normal operation. At the same time, according to specific needs, those skilled in the art should understand that the device 6000 may also include hardware devices that implement other additional functions. In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that the device 6000 may also include only the components necessary to implement the embodiments of the present application, and does not necessarily include all the components shown in FIG. 15.
  • the control unit 1020 in the electronic device 1000 in FIG. 11 is equivalent to the processor 6020 in the electronic device 6000 in FIG. 14 or FIG. Each 6020 can execute the electronic device control method of the embodiment of the present application described below.
  • a capacitive sensor After a capacitive sensor generates a detection signal, it can first perform a series of processing on the detection signal, and then determine the user's floating gesture based on the processed signal. At this time, some signal processing units can be used to process the detection signal.
  • the structure of the electronic device in this case will be described below.
  • Fig. 16 is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the capacitive sensor 7000 shown in FIG. 16 includes a capacitive sensor 7010, an integrated circuit 7020, and a processor 7030.
  • the capacitive sensor 7010 is used to detect a user's floating gesture and generates a detection signal based on the fringe field effect;
  • the integrated circuit 7020 is used to detect the signal
  • the processing is performed to obtain the processed signal;
  • the processor 7030 is configured to recognize the hovering gesture of the user according to the processed signal, and control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the integrated circuit 7020 specifically includes a signal acquisition module 7021, a capacitance signal and voltage signal conversion module 7022, an analog-to-digital conversion module 7023, and a signal transmission circuit 7024.
  • Signal acquisition module 7021 Collect the detection signal generated by the capacitance sensor 7010, and the detection signal at this time may be the change value of the capacitance;
  • Capacitance signal and voltage signal conversion module 7022 used to convert the change value of the capacitance into a voltage change value that can be directly detected by the circuit, and what the module processes is an analog signal;
  • Analog-to-digital conversion module 7023 used to convert analog signals into digital signals
  • Signal sending circuit 7024 Pass the digital signal to the processor 7030 through the SPI protocol for signal identification and processing.
  • the above-mentioned capacitance signal and voltage signal conversion module 7022 may specifically be a correlated-double-sampling capacitance-to-voltage converter (CDS-CVC).
  • the integrated circuit 7020 and the processor 7030 in the electronic device 7000 shown in FIG. 16 may be equivalent to the processor 6020 shown in FIG. 14 or FIG. 15, and the integrated circuit 7020 and the processor 7030 in the electronic device 7000 may also be equivalent to The control unit 1020 in the electronic device 1000 shown in FIG. 11.
  • the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application may include one or more capacitance sensors.
  • the control unit or the processor may adopt a polling algorithm to collect the signals of the capacitance sensor when acquiring the detection signal. Specifically, the signal of the first capacitance sensor can be collected first, and then the signal of the second capacitance sensor...until the collection of the signals of all the capacitance sensors is completed.
  • a chip with multiple channels can also be used to collect the signals of different capacitance sensors at the same time.
  • the signals of different channels can be alternately converted between positive and negative at the same time, and Make sure to obtain multi-channel signals at the same time, and then serially output the signals collected from multiple channels, and perform algorithmic demodulation on the sampled signals, so as to obtain the characteristic signal values of multiple capacitance sensors.
  • a chip with 16 channels can be used to collect signals from 16 capacitive sensors at the same time, and 16 channels of signals can be obtained at the same time.
  • the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application is described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 11 to 15.
  • the control method of the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the electronic device described in the following
  • the control method may be executed by the electronic device of the embodiment of the application described above. Specifically, the method of controlling the electronic device of the electronic device described below may be executed by the control unit of the electronic device of the embodiment of the application described above. Or the processor to execute.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control method 8000 shown in FIG. 17 includes steps 8001 to 8003, and these steps are respectively described in detail below.
  • the aforementioned detection signal is a signal generated by the fringe field effect when the capacitive sensor detects the user's floating operation gesture, and the detection signal can be used to indicate the capacitance change of the capacitive sensor.
  • the detection signal can be used to indicate the (real-time) size change of the capacitance value of the capacitance sensor.
  • the execution subject of the above-mentioned control method 8000 may be an electronic device. Specifically, the above-mentioned control method may be executed by a control unit in an electronic device.
  • the above-mentioned capacitance sensor can be arranged on an electronic device.
  • the above-mentioned control unit may maintain electrical connection with the capacitance sensor, so that the control unit can obtain a detection signal from the capacitance sensor, and then recognize the hovering gesture of the user based on the detection signal.
  • the capacitance of the capacitive sensor Due to the conductivity of human skin, when the user's hand appears in the area where the edge of the capacitive sensor is located, the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will change, and when the user makes different floating gestures, the capacitance of the capacitive sensor will change. The situation is different, so the capacitive sensor can be used to detect the user's hover gesture.
  • the capacitive sensor since the capacitive sensor has the characteristics of small size and low power consumption, and based on the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor, it can detect the user's floating gesture. Therefore, compared with the traditional electronic device control method, this The applied control method can reduce the space occupied by the capacitive sensor in the electronic device and the energy consumption generated while realizing the detection of the hover gesture of the user.
  • the user's hovering gesture can be determined according to the corresponding relationship.
  • the above step 8002 specifically includes: determining the hovering gesture of the user according to the detection signal and the first correspondence information.
  • the above-mentioned first correspondence information is used to indicate hovering gestures corresponding to different detection signals.
  • the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal may be determined according to the first correspondence information, and the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal may be determined as the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the foregoing first correspondence information may be used to indicate the correspondence between different detection signals and different floating gestures, and the first correspondence information may be manually determined.
  • the above-mentioned first correspondence information may be stored in an electronic device.
  • the electronic device recognizes the user's hover gesture based on the detection signal, the first correspondence information may be acquired first, and then the detection signal correspondence may be determined according to the first correspondence information Dangling gesture.
  • the above step 8002 specifically includes: inputting the detection signal into the gesture recognition model for processing, so as to recognize the floating gesture of the user.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model is obtained by training based on training data, and the training data includes various detection signals and floating gestures corresponding to the various detection signals.
  • the aforementioned gesture recognition model may include first correspondence information.
  • the gesture recognition model can determine the floating gesture corresponding to the detection signal according to the first correspondence information, and then recognize The hovering gesture of the user (the hovering gesture corresponding to the detection signal is the recognized hovering gesture of the user).
  • gesture recognition model When training the gesture recognition model, you can first classify and test various floating gestures, use multiple capacitive sensors to collect various detection signals at the same time, convert them into digital signals, and then input them into the gesture recognition model for training. Supervised learning to obtain a gesture recognition model that includes the corresponding relationship between various capacitive sensing change trends and specific floating operations.
  • the gesture recognition model can better reflect the correspondence between different detection signals and hovering gestures, so that the subsequent recognition model based on the gesture It can better and more accurately recognize the user's hovering gesture.
  • the above step 8002 specifically includes: inputting the detection signal into the regression model for processing, so as to recognize the floating gesture of the user.
  • the above regression model is obtained by training according to training data, and the training data includes various detection signals and floating gestures corresponding to the various detection signals.
  • the above regression model can be obtained through supervised machine learning.
  • a mapping of f(x)->y can be constructed, where x can represent the data corresponding to the detection signal, and y represents the data corresponding to the floating gesture, which can be constructed Relative to the model of time series data, where the time series data in this application may be data indicating that each sensor changes over time (in fact, the change process of the gesture) during a gesture.
  • Constructing a model of relative time series data is actually constructing a mapping relationship of f(x1,x2,x3,%)->y1,y2,y3..., and the constructed mapping relationship (formula) is a regression model.
  • a model can be formed through continuous fitting of the regression curve.
  • the curve in the figure is a fitted model, which can be expressed by a binary equation). It can be seen from Figure 18 that the test samples are basically distributed on both sides of the curve, and the curve fitting effect is better. Next, you can use the fitted curve and the detection signal to identify the user's hovering gesture.
  • step 8003 it may be determined whether the electronic device is working in the suspended operation mode, and step 8003 is executed when the electronic device is working in the suspended operation mode.
  • the hovering gesture of the user may be associated with a specific operation command of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device is controlled to execute the command associated with the gesture.
  • the hovering gesture shown in FIG. 12 can be associated with the "OK" command, and when the user's hovering gesture is recognized, the electronic device is controlled to execute the "OK" command.
  • the electronic device can be controlled according to the user's hovering gesture to perform an operation matching the user's hovering gesture. It is also possible to first determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode, and after it is determined that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode, then control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the user's floating gesture.
  • control method 8000 further includes:
  • control unit controls the electronic device to perform an operation matching the user's floating gesture after determining that the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode, which can avoid misoperation or misresponse of the electronic device.
  • step 8004 can occur before step 8003.
  • the present application does not limit the order in which step 8004 occurs with steps 8001 and 8002.
  • Step 8004 can occur simultaneously with one of steps 8001 and 8002. It can also occur before or after any one of step 8001 and step 8002.
  • step 8004 multiple methods can be used to determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode, and several possible determination methods are described in detail below.
  • Method A Determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode according to the floating gesture of the user.
  • determining whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode in step 8004 specifically includes steps 8004a to 8004c.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture can be either one gesture or multiple gestures.
  • the first floating gesture includes multiple gestures, as long as the user makes any one of the multiple gestures, it can be considered that the user has made The first dangling gesture.
  • the above-mentioned first floating gesture may be a preset specific operation gesture.
  • control unit when the electronic device is in the floating operation mode, is further configured to: switch the operation of the electronic device from the floating operation mode when the user's floating gesture is the second floating gesture To non-floating operation mode.
  • the above-mentioned second hovering gesture may be a hovering gesture that causes the electronic device to exit the hovering operation mode.
  • the user can flexibly control the electronic device to switch from the hovering operation mode to the non-floating operation mode, thereby realizing the electronic device working mode Flexible switching.
  • step 8004 can occur between step 8002 and step 8003.
  • Method B Determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode according to the state of the floating operation mode switch.
  • determining whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode in step 8004 specifically includes steps 8004e to 8004g.
  • the above floating operation mode switch may be a mechanical switch. At this time, the user can select whether to turn on the floating operation mode switch.
  • the above-mentioned floating operation mode may also be an electronic switch. In this case, the user can control whether the electronic device enters the floating operation mode by operating a button or a touch screen.
  • the above-mentioned floating operation mode switch may be a mechanical switch or an electronic switch.
  • the floating operation mode switch When the above floating operation mode switch is a mechanical switch, the floating operation mode switch may be a button or a key, and the user can set whether the electronic device works in the floating operation mode by operating the button or the key.
  • the control unit can determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode by detecting the state of the corresponding button or switch.
  • the control unit can determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode by detecting the state information of the electronic device.
  • Method C Determine whether the electronic device is working in a floating operation mode according to the posture of the electronic device.
  • determining whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode in step 8004 specifically includes steps 8004r to 8004t.
  • the posture of the electronic device is a posture other than the first posture, it is determined that the electronic device is working in a non-floating operation mode.
  • the above-mentioned first posture can be either one posture or multiple postures.
  • the first posture includes multiple postures, as long as the electronic device is in any one of the multiple posture gestures, it can be considered that the electronic device is in the first posture.
  • One gesture is the first posture that is in the first posture.
  • control unit can determine whether the electronic device is working in the first posture. When the electronic device is in the first posture, the control unit determines that the electronic device is working in the suspended operation mode, and when the electronic device is in the second posture, the control unit determines The electronic device works in a non-floating mode of operation.
  • the control unit When the electronic device is working in the non-suspending operation mode, the control unit does not control the electronic device to perform an operation matching the suspended gesture of the user.
  • the user may input an operation signal to the electronic device through other methods (for example, key operation or touch operation), and the control unit then controls the electronic device according to the operation signal input by the user.
  • Method D Determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode according to the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor.
  • determining whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode in step 8004 specifically includes steps 8004w to 8004z.
  • the distance sensor of the electronic device can be used to determine the distance of the user close to the capacitive sensor, and the control unit can obtain the information of the distance between the user and the capacitive sensor from the distance sensor.
  • the above methods A to D are respectively equivalent to the first to fourth methods above.
  • the first to fourth methods in determining whether the electronic device is working in the floating mode of operation related restrictions and interpretations are also applicable to Here way A to way D.
  • step 8004 can occur simultaneously with one of steps 8001 and 8002, or can occur before or after any one of steps 8001 and 8002.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device has different control methods according to whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode.
  • the steps 9001 to 9007 in the control method shown in FIG. 20 will be described in detail below.
  • Step 9001 represents starting to control or operate the electronic device.
  • step 9002 When it is determined in step 9002 that the electronic device is working in the non-floating operation mode, steps 9003 and 9004 are executed, and when it is determined in step 9002 that the electronic device is working in the suspended operation mode, steps 9005 to 9007 are executed.
  • step 9002 it is specifically possible to determine whether the electronic device is working in the floating operation mode through the above methods A to D.
  • step 9003 and step 9004 the user can control the electronic device through conventional modes, such as touch screen operation and key operation.
  • the user can control the electronic device with a floating gesture.
  • step 9005 to step 9007 For the specific content of step 9005 to step 9007, refer to the description of step 8001 to step 8003 above, which will not be described in detail here.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control method shown in FIG. 21 includes steps 10001 to 10004, and these steps are described below.
  • the user makes a hovering gesture.
  • the user can make some pre-set floating gestures to control the electronic device.
  • an electronic device presets 10 floating gestures (the 10 floating gestures can include swiping left, swiping right, flipping up, flipping down, confirming, etc.), and these 10 floating gestures can realize the right gesture.
  • the user can make any of these 10 floating gestures.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor will change due to the fringe field effect of the capacitive sensor, and the change of the capacitance value has a certain correlation with the floating gesture made by the user.
  • the acquisition unit collects the capacitance signal of the capacitance sensor, and processes the capacitance signal to obtain a digital signal.
  • the capacitance values of the multiple capacitance sensors may change, and the collection unit can collect the capacitance signals of the multiple capacitance sensors, and process the capacitance signals of the multiple capacitance sensors.
  • step 10003 in order to facilitate the subsequent processing of the signal by the processor and to better recognize the floating gesture of the user, a certain amount of processing may be performed on the capacitance signal first.
  • the capacitance signal can be converted into a voltage signal, and then the voltage signal can be converted into a digital signal.
  • the processor recognizes the hovering gesture of the user, and executes an associated operation command matching the hovering operation gesture of the user.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the processing of the capacitance signal by the acquisition unit. As shown in Figure 22, the above step 10003 specifically includes:
  • the collection unit collects the capacitance signal of the capacitance sensor.
  • the capacitance signal can specifically indicate the (real-time) size change of the capacitance value of the capacitance sensor.
  • the acquisition unit converts the capacitance signal into an analog voltage signal.
  • the capacitance signal can be converted into an analog voltage signal, and then the analog voltage signal can be converted into a digital signal.
  • the acquisition unit converts the analog voltage signal into a digital signal.
  • the acquisition unit may include an analog-to-digital conversion chip.
  • the analog voltage signal may be converted into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital conversion chip in the acquisition unit.
  • the acquisition unit transmits the digital signal to the processor for processing.
  • the acquisition unit can transmit the digital signal to the processor through a serial peripheral interface (SPI) protocol.
  • SPI serial peripheral interface
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of the processing procedure of the processor. As shown in Figure 23, the above step 10004 specifically includes:
  • the processor recognizes the floating gesture of the user according to the corresponding relationship information between the digital signal and various gestures.
  • the correspondence between the digital signal and various gestures in step 10004a is similar to the first correspondence information above, and the first correspondence information above is used to indicate the correspondence between different detection signals and different floating gestures. relation.
  • the correspondence information between the digital signal and various gestures herein may refer to the correspondence between different digital signals and different floating gestures.
  • the corresponding relationship between the digital signal and various gestures can be stored in the electronic device. After the processor in the electronic device obtains the digital signal, the digital signal can be identified according to the corresponding relationship between the digital signal and various gestures.
  • the floating gesture corresponding to the signal, and the floating gesture is the recognized floating gesture of the user.
  • the processor determines the associated operation command in the floating gesture library that matches the floating gesture of the user.
  • the above-mentioned floating gesture library can store associated operation commands corresponding to each floating gesture.
  • the floating gesture library may include associated operation commands corresponding to or matching floating gestures such as sliding left, sliding right, flipping up, flipping down, and confirming.
  • the hovering gesture library can be queried for associated operation commands corresponding to or matching the user's hovering gesture. For example, when it is recognized that the hover gesture of the user is a left swipe gesture, the operation command corresponding to the left swipe gesture can be determined as the first operation command through the hover gesture library, where the first operation command is to control the display page of the electronic device to slide to the left The command.
  • the processor controls the electronic device to execute an associated operation command matching the hovering gesture of the user.
  • the processor may control the electronic device to execute the first operation command to realize the leftward sliding of the displayed page.
  • the disclosed system, device, and method can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or It can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units through some interfaces, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
  • the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application essentially or the part that contributes to the existing technology or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), random access memory (random access memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code .

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Abstract

一种电容传感器、电子设备和电子设备的控制方法，涉及传感器技术领域。电容传感器包括至少一个极板对，每个极板对由相对放置的第一极板和第二极板形成，并且每个极板对中的极板长度和极板对间距之间的比值大于1且小于或者等于30。该电容传感器能够基于边缘场效应检测到用户的悬空手势，具有体积小、能耗低的优点。

Description

电容传感器、电子设备以及电子设备的控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及传感器技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电容传感器、电子设备以及电子设备的控制方法。
背景技术
手势识别一般是指用户在不触碰设备的情况下，通过一些手势实现对设备的交互或控制。例如，可以通过一些传感器来检测用户做出的手势，然后再根据用户做出的手势来控制电子设备做出相应的操作。
现有的手势识别方案一般是基于电磁波(如毫米波、红外线、超声波)以及机器视觉等技术实现的，采用这些方式进行手势识别一般需要专用的传感器以及配套的电路，占用的空间比较大，整个系统(包括相应的传感器、信号处理电路等等)工作时消耗的能量也比较高。
例如，以毫米波的手势识别方案为例，该方案主要是利用雷达的发射信号和接收的反射信号之间的时间间隔、相位以及频率差异来识别出相应的手势。在该方案中，需要专门的雷达传感器芯片，需要占用的较大的存储空间，另外由于这种方案在进行手势识别时的计算量较大，整个系统工作时消耗的能量也比较高。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电容传感器、电子设备以及电子设备的控制方法,本申请的电容传感器能够基于边缘场效应检测到用户的悬空手势，并且具有体积小，能耗低的优点。
第一方面，提供了一种电容传感器，该电容传感器包括：M个极板对，在该M个极板对中，每个极板对由相对放置的第一极板和第二极板形成，M为正整数。
另外，在上述每个极板对中，每个极板对的极板长度与每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于30。
应理解，在上述每个极板对中，极板长度可以是该极板对中正对的极板部分的长度，也可以是构成该极板对的第一极板或者第二极板的长度。
例如，极板对A由第一极板和第二极板相对放置形成，那么，极板对A的极板长度可以是第一极板和第二极板的正对部分的极板的长度，该极板长度小于或者等于第一极板的长度，且该极板长度也小于或者等于第二极板的长度。
此外，极板对A的极板长度也可以直接定义成第一极板或者第二极板的长度。
另外，在上述每个极板对中，极板间距可以是该极板对中的第一极板到第二极板的距离。
其中，在某个极板对中，第一极板的不同部分到第二极板的不同部分的距离可以相同，也可以不同，当某个极板对中的第一极板的不同部分到第二极板的不同部分的距离不同 时，极板间距可以是该极板对中的第一极板到第二极板的最短距离、最大距离以及平均距离中的任意一种。
本申请中的电容传感器也可以称为电容，为了便于统一描述，这里统一称为电容传感器。
本申请中，由于电容传感器中的极板对中的极板长度和极板间距的比值在1至30之间，使得电容传感器具有较强的边缘场效应，进而可以用于检测用户的悬空手势，此外，由于电容传感器具有体积小和功耗低的优点。因此，当将电容传感器应用到电子设备中时，能够在占用较小空间，功耗较低的情况下实现对用户的悬空手势的检测。
当用户在电容传感器的附近做出悬空手势时，由于人体皮肤的导电性，当用户手部出现在电容传感器的边缘场所在的区域时，会导致电容传感器的电容发生变化，并且当用户做出不同的悬空手势时，电容传感器的电容发生变化的情况有所不同，因此，通过电容传感器能够实现对用户悬空手势的检测。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，上述每个极板对的极板长度与上述每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于15。
当电容传感器中的每个极板对的极板长度与极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于15时，电容传感器的边缘场效应更强，使得电容传感器在检测用户的悬空手势时具有更高的灵敏度。
可选地，在上述每个极板对中，有效电极长度与极板间间距的比值大于或者等于8且小与或者等于12。
对于一个电极对来说，有效电极长度可以是指该电极对中两个相对放置的电极的重合部分的长度。
当每个极板对中的有效电极长度与极板间间距的比值在8到12之间时，能够使得电容传感器有合适大小的电容，同时又能够形成较好的边缘场，能够较好地实现对用户的悬空手势的检测。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，上述每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均为矩形状的导电材料。
当每个极板对中极板的形状为矩形状时，能够在空间一定的情况下，增加电容传感器中的极板对的极板正对面积，使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容传感器的边缘场时，电容传感器的电容值也会有比较明显的变化，有利于更好地检测用户的悬空手势。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，上述每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均为圆柱状的导电材料。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，上述每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均为波浪状的导电材料。
当每个极板对中极板的形状为波浪状时，能够在空间一定的情况下，增加电容传感器中的极板对的极板长度(实质上相当于增加了极板正对面积)，使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容传感器的边缘场时，电容传感器的电容值也会有比较明显的变化，有利于更好地检测用户的悬空手势。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，M大于1，所述M个极板对由第一 极板和第二极板交替排列而成。
当M大于1时，电容传感器包括多个极板对，能够增加电容传感器的电容值，使得电容传感器能够更好的用于检测用户的悬空手势(电容值如果太小的话一般不容易检测，这里通过将M设置为大于1的数值，使得电容传感器能够具有一定大小的电容值，便于检测电容传感器的电容值变化)。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，上述电容传感器还包括第一电极和第二电极，其中，上述M个极板对中的所有第一极板均与第一电极相连，上述M个极板对中的所有第二极板均与第二电极相连。
上述第一电极和第二电极可以将电容传感器与其他的模块或者单元相连，例如，当上述电容传感器设置在电子设备中时，可以通过电容传感器的第一电极和第二电极将电容传感器与电子设备相连。
当上述电容传感器包括M个极板对，并且还包括第一电极和第二电极时，该电容传感器可以称为双梳状电容传感器。通过采用双梳状电容传感器，能够在空间有限的情况下，尽可能的增大电容传感器的电容值和电容传感器的边缘场效应，便于后续更好地对用户的悬空手势进行检测。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，M小于或者等于30。
当M小于或者等于30时能够使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，同时具有较强的电容场效应，又不会占据很大的空间，使得电容传感器便于设置在电子设备中对用户的手势进行检测。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，上述电容传感器由柔性导电材料制成。
当上述电容传感器由柔性导电材料制成时，便于将该电容传感器设置或者固定在电子设备中。
上述柔性导电材料可以是柔软性较好的导电材料，例如，金、银和石墨烯等等。
可选地，上述电容传感器是通过三维(3 dimensions，3D)打印得到的。
可选地，上述电容传感器的电极(第一电极和第二电极)和极板(第一极板和第二极板)由金、银、铜中的任意一种材料构成。
上述第一方面中的电容传感器可以应用在电子设备中，该电子设备可以是移动终端(如智能手机)、智能手表、智能手环、电脑、个人数字助理、车载多媒体设备、物联网设备以及可穿戴设备等等。
第二方面，提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括：电容传感器，用于检测用户的悬空手势并基于边缘场效应生成检测信号；控制单元，用于根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势，并控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
其中，上述检测信号用于指示电容传感器的电容变化情况。具体地，该检测信号可以用于指示电容传感器的电容值的(实时)大小变化情况。
应理解，上述控制单元可以与电容传感器保持电气连接，以使得控制单元能够从电容传感器获取检测信号，进而根据该检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势。
由于人体皮肤的导电性，当用户手部出现在电容传感器的边缘场所在的区域时，会导致电容传感器的电容发生变化，并且当用户做出不同的悬空手势时，电容传感器的电容发生变化的情况有所不同，因此，通过电容传感器能够实现对用户悬空手势的检测。
在本申请中，由于电容传感器具有体积小、功耗低的特点，并且基于电容传感器的边缘场效应能够实现对用户的悬空手势的检测，因此，与传统的电子设备相比，本申请的电子设备能够在实现用户悬空手势检测的同时减小电容传感器在电子设备中占用的空间和产生的能耗。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，上述控制单元用于根据检测信号以及第一对应关系信息确定用户的悬空手势，其中，该第一对应关系信息用于指示不同检测信号对应的悬空手势。
具体地，控制单元可以根据第一对应关系信息确定检测信号对应的悬空手势，并将该检测信号对应的悬空手势确定为用户的悬空手势。
上述第一对应关系信息可以用于指示不同的检测信号与不同的悬空手势之间的对应关系，该第一对应关系信息可以是人工确定的。
上述第一对应关系信息可以保存在电子设备中，当电子设备根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势时，可以先获取第一对应关系信息，然后再根据该第一对应关系信息来确定检测信号对应的悬空手势。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，上述控制单元用于将检测信号输入到手势识别模型中进行处理，以识别出用户的悬空手势。
其中，上述手势识别模型是根据训练数据训练得到的，该训练数据包括多种检测信号以及多种检测信号对应的悬空手势。
上述手势识别模型可以是神经网络模型。
例如，上述手势识别模型可以是简单的神经网络模型(例如，可以是简单的回归模型)，也可以是比较复杂的神经网络模型(例如，层数较多，网络连接关系比较复杂的神经网络)来实现。
上述手势识别模型可以包含第一对应关系信息，当将检测信号输入到手势识别模型中进行处理时，该手势识别模型能够根据第一对应关系信息确定检测信号对应的悬空手势，进而识别出用户的悬空手势(检测信号对应的悬空手势就是识别出的用户的悬空手势)。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，在控制单元控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作之前，上述控制单元还用于：确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
上述悬空操作模式还可以称为隔空手势识别控制模式、隔空手势或者隔空控制模式等等。
具体地，控制单元在确定了电子设备工作在悬空操作模式之后再控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作，能够避免电子设备的误操作或者误响应。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，上述控制单元用于：在用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
其中，上述第一悬空手势为触发电子设备工作在悬空操作模式的操作手势。
可选地，上述控制单元还用于：在用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势之外的其他悬空手势的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述控制单元还用于：确定用户的悬空操作手势是否为第一悬空手势。
上述第一悬空手势既可以是一个手势，也可以是多个手势，当第一悬空手势包括多个手势时，只要用户做出该多个手势中的任意一个手势时，就可以认为用户做出了第一悬空 手势。
上述第一悬空手势可以是预先设定的特定操作手势。
上述第一悬空手势具体可以是左滑、右滑、上翻、下翻、确认等手势。
也就是说，上述控制单元在根据检测信号确定出了用户的悬空手势之后，可以判断用户的悬空手势是否为第一悬空手势，当用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势时确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。而当用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势之外的其他悬空手势时确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
当电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式时，控制单元不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。在这种情况下，用户可以通过别的方式(例如，按键操作或者触摸操作)向电子设备输入操作信号，控制单元再根据用户输入的操作信号来控制电子设备。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，在电子设备处于悬空操作模式的情况下，上述控制单元还用于：在用户的悬空手势为第二悬空手势的情况下，将电子设备工作由悬空操作模式切换到非悬空操作模式。
上述第二悬空手势可以是使电子设备退出悬空操作模式的悬空手势，用户通过该第二悬空手势，能够灵活的控制电子设备从悬空操作模式切换到非悬空操作模式，从而实现了电子设备工作模式的灵活切换。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，上述控制单元用于：在电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于开启状态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述控制单元还用于：在电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于关闭状态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
上述悬空操作模式开关可以是机械开关，也可以电子开关。
当上述悬空操作模式开关是机械开关时，悬空操作模式开关可以是一个按钮或者一个按键，用户可以通过操作该按钮或者按键来设置电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。在这种情况下，控制单元可以通过检测相应的按钮或者开关的状态来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
当上述悬空操作模式是电子开关时，用户可以通过触摸操作来设置电子设备的状态信息的方式来设置电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。这种情况下，控制单元可以通过检测电子设备的状态信息来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
应理解，当电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于关闭状态时，控制单元不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。进一步的，控制单元不会根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势，进一步的，电容传感器不会检测用户的悬空手势并基于边缘场效应生成检测信号。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，上述控制单元用于：在电子设备的姿态为第一姿态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
其中，上述第一姿态为触发电子设备工作在悬空操作模式的姿态。
可选地，上述控制单元还用于：在电子设备的姿态为第一姿态之外的其它姿态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述控制单元还用于：确定电子设备的姿态是否为第一姿态。
上述第一姿态可以预先设定的特定姿态。
上述第一姿态既可以是一个姿态，也可以是多个姿态，当第一姿态包括多个姿态时，只要电子设备处于该多个姿态手势中的任意一个姿态时，就可以认为电子设备处于第一姿态。
也就是说，上述控制单元可以确定电子设备是否工作处于第一姿态，当电子设备处于第一姿态时，控制单元确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，当电子设备处于第二姿态时，控制单元确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
当电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式时，控制单元不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。在这种情况下，用户可以通过别的方式(例如，按键操作或者触摸操作)向电子设备输入操作信号，控制单元再根据用户输入的操作信号来控制电子设备。
上述第一姿态可以包括水平放置和竖直放置，当电子设备处于第一姿态可以是指电子设备处于水平放置状态或者竖直放置状态。
在确定电子设备的姿态时可以通过陀螺仪检测到的信息来确定。
可选地，上述控制单元还用于：在用户靠近电容传感器的距离小于或者等于预设距离并且保持的时间大于或者等于预设时间的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述控制单元还用于：在用户靠近电容传感器的距离大于预设距离的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述控制单元还用于：在用户靠近电容传感器的距离小于预设距离，且保持时间小于预设时间的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述控制单元用于：确定用户靠近电容传感器的距离以及用户靠近电容传感器所保持的时间。
电子设备中可以通过距离传感器来确定用户靠近电容传感器的距离，控制单元可以从距离传感器获取到用户与电容传感器的距离的信息。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，上述电容传感器包括M个极板对，M个极板对中的每个极板对由相对放置的第一极板和第二极板形成。
其中，在上述每个极板对中，每个极板对的极板长度与每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于30，其中，M为正整数。
在上述每个极板对中，极板长度可以是该极板对中正对的极板部分的长度，也可以是构成该极板对的第一极板或者第二极板的长度。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均为波浪状的导电材料。
本申请中，由于电容传感器中的极板对中的极板长度和极板间距的比值在1至30之间，使得电容传感器具有较强的边缘场效应，因此，将该电容传感器放置在电子设备中能够较好地检测用户的悬空手势。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，上述每个极板对的极板长度与上述每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于15。
当电容传感器中的每个极板对的极板长度与极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于15时，电容传感器的边缘场效应更强，使得电容传感器在检测用户的悬空手势时具有更高的灵敏度。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，上述每个极板对中的第一极板和第二 极板均为矩形状、圆柱状以及波浪状的导电材料中的任意一种。
当每个极板对中极板的形状为矩形状时，能够在空间一定的情况下，增加电容传感器中的极板对的极板正对面积，使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容传感器的边缘场时，电容传感器的电容值也会有比较明显的变化，有利于更好地检测用户的悬空手势。
当电容传感器中的每个极板对中极板的形状为波浪状时，能够在空间一定的情况下，增加电容传感器中的极板对的极板长度(实质上相当于增加了极板正对面积)，使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容传感器的边缘场时，电容传感器的电容值也会有比较明显的变化，有利于更好地检测用户的悬空手势。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，M大于1，M个极板对由第一极板和第二极板交替排列而成。
当M大于1时，电容传感器包括多个极板对，能够增加电容传感器的电容值，使得电子设备能够利用该电容传感器更好的检测用户的悬空手势。
一般来说，如果电容传感器的电容值太小的话不容易检测，这里通过将M设置为大于1的数值，使得电容传感器能够具有一定大小的电容值，便于检测电容传感器的电容值变化。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，上述电容传感器还包括：第一电极和第二电极，其中，上述M个极板对中的所有第一极板均与第一电极相连，上述M个极板对中的所有第二极板均与第二电极相连。
上述第一电极和第二电极可以将电容传感器与控制单元相连。
当上述电容传感器包括M个极板对，并且还包括第一电极和第二电极时，该电容传感器可以称为双梳状电容传感器。通过采用双梳状电容传感器，能够在空间有限的情况下，尽可能的增大电容传感器的电容值和电容传感器的边缘场效应，便于后续更好地对用户的悬空手势进行检测。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，M小于或者等于30。
当M小于或者等于30时能够使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，同时具有较强的电容场效应，又不会占据很大的空间，使得电容传感器便于设置在电子设备中对用户的手势进行检测。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，电容传感器由柔性导电材料制成。
当上述电容传感器由柔性导电材料制成时，便于将该电容传感器设置或者固定在电子设备中。
可选地，上述电容传感器的电极(第一电极和第二电极)和极板(第一极板和第二极板)由金、银、铜中的任意一种材料构成。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，电容传感器是以3D打印的方式设置在电子设备表面。
通过3D打印的方式将电容传感器设置在电子设备表面，能够简化电子设备安装电容传感器的复杂度，简化工艺流程。
可选地，在上述每个极板对中，有效电极长度与极板间间距的比值大于或者等于8且小与或者等于12。
对于一个电极对来说，有效电极长度可以是指该电极对中两个相对放置的电极的重合部分的长度。
当每个极板对中的有效电极长度与极板间间距的比值在8到12之间时，能够使得电容传感器有合适大小的电容，同时又能够形成较好的边缘场，能够较好地实现对用户的悬空手势的检测。
上述第二方面中的电子设备可以是移动终端(如智能手机)、智能手表、智能手环、电脑、个人数字助理、车载多媒体设备、物联网设备以及可穿戴设备等等。
第三方面，提供了一种电子设备的控制方法，该控制方法包括：获取电容传感器的检测信号；根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势；控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
其中，上述检测信号是电容传感器检测用户的悬空操作手势时由于边缘场效应而生成的信号，检测信号用于指示电容传感器的电容变化情况。具体地，该检测信号可以用于指示电容传感器的电容值的(实时)大小变化情况。
上述控制方法的执行主体可以是电子设备，具体地，上述控制方法可以由电子设备中的控制单元执行。上述电容传感器可以设置在电子设备上。上述控制单元可以与电容传感器保持电气连接，以使得控制单元能够从电容传感器获取检测信号，进而根据该检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势。
由于人体皮肤的导电性，当用户手部出现在电容传感器的边缘场所在的区域时，会导致电容传感器的电容发生变化，并且当用户做出不同的悬空手势时，电容传感器的电容发生变化的情况有所不同，因此，通过电容传感器能够实现对用户悬空手势的检测。
在本申请中，由于电容传感器具有体积小、功耗低的特点，并且基于电容传感器的边缘场效应能够实现对用户的悬空手势的检测，因此，与传统的电子设备的控制方法相比，本申请的控制方法能够在实现用户悬空手势检测的同时减小电容传感器在电子设备中占用的空间和产生的能耗。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，上述根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势，包括：根据检测信号以及第一对应关系信息确定用户的悬空手势。
其中，上述第一对应关系信息用于指示不同检测信号对应的悬空手势。
具体地，在识别用户的悬空手势时，可以根据第一对应关系信息确定检测信号对应的悬空手势，并将该检测信号对应的悬空手势确定为用户的悬空手势。
上述第一对应关系信息可以用于指示不同的检测信号与不同的悬空手势之间的对应关系，该第一对应关系信息可以是人工确定的。
上述第一对应关系信息可以保存在电子设备中，当电子设备根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势时，可以先获取第一对应关系信息，然后再根据该第一对应关系信息来确定检测信号对应的悬空手势。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，上述根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势，包括：将检测信号输入到手势识别模型中进行处理，以识别出用户的悬空手势。
其中，上述手势识别模型是根据训练数据训练得到的，该训练数据包括多种检测信号以及多种检测信号对应的悬空手势。
上述手势识别模型可以包含第一对应关系信息，当将检测信号输入到手势识别模型中 进行处理时，该手势识别模型能够根据第一对应关系信息确定检测信号对应的悬空手势，进而识别出用户的悬空手势(检测信号对应的悬空手势就是识别出的用户的悬空手势)。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，在控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作之前，控制方法还包括：确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
本申请中，控制单元在确定了电子设备工作在悬空操作模式之后再控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作，能够避免电子设备的误操作或者误响应。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，上述确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，包括：在用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
其中，上述第一悬空手势为触发电子设备工作在悬空操作模式的操作手势。
可选地，上述确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，包括：在用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势之外的其他悬空手势的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，包括：确定用户的悬空操作手势是否为第一悬空手势。
上述第一悬空手势既可以是一个手势，也可以是多个手势，当第一悬空手势包括多个手势时，只要用户做出该多个手势中的任意一个手势时，就可以认为用户做出了第一悬空手势。
上述第一悬空手势可以是预先设定的特定操作手势。
上述第一悬空手势具体可以是左滑、右滑、上翻、下翻、确认等手势等。
也就是说，在上述过程中，在根据检测信号确定出了用户的悬空手势之后，可以判断用户的悬空手势是否为第一悬空手势，当用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势时确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。而当用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势之外的其他悬空手势时确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
在上述控制方法中，当电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式时，不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。在这种情况下，用户可以通过别的方式(例如，按键操作或者触摸操作)向电子设备输入操作信号，然后再根据用户输入的操作信号来控制电子设备。
上述电容传感器可以一直检测用户的悬空手势，进而产生检测信号，在上述控制方法中，可以一直从电容传感器获取检测信号，并根据该检测信号确定用户的悬空手势，但是是否控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作取决于电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，上述确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，包括：在电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于开启状态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述方法还包括：在电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于关闭状态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
上述悬空操作模式开关可以是机械开关，也可以电子开关。
当上述悬空操作模式开关是机械开关时，悬空操作模式开关可以是一个按钮或者一个按键，用户可以通过操作该按钮或者按键来设置电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。在这 种情况下，可以通过检测相应的按钮或者开关的状态来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
当上述悬空操作模式是电子开关时，用户可以通过触摸操作来设置电子设备的状态信息的方式来设置电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。这种情况下，可以通过检测电子设备的状态信息来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
应理解，当电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于关闭状态时，上述控制方法不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。进一步的，上述控制方法不会根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势，进一步的，电容传感器不会检测用户的悬空手势并基于边缘场效应生成检测信号。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，包括：在电子设备的姿态为第一姿态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
其中，上述第一姿态为触发电子设备工作在悬空操作模式的姿态。
可选地，上述方法还包括：在电子设备的姿态为第一姿态之外的其它姿态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述方法还包括：确定电子设备的姿态是否为第一姿态。
上述第一姿态可以预先设定的特定姿态。
上述第一姿态既可以是一个姿态，也可以是多个姿态，当第一姿态包括多个姿态时，只要电子设备处于该多个姿态手势中的任意一个姿态时，就可以认为电子设备处于第一姿态。
也就是说，电子设备的工作模式与电子设备的姿态有关，当电子设备处于第一姿态时，可以确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，当电子设备处于第二姿态时，可以确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
当电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式时，上述控制方法不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。在这种情况下，用户可以通过别的方式(例如，按键操作或者触摸操作)向电子设备输入操作信号，上述控制方法可以根据用户输入的操作信号来控制电子设备。
上述第一姿态可以包括水平放置和竖直放置，当电子设备处于第一姿态可以是指电子设备处于水平放置状态或者竖直放置状态。
在确定电子设备的姿态时可以通过陀螺仪检测到的信息来确定。
可选地，上述确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，包括：在用户靠近电容传感器的距离小于或者等于预设距离并且保持的时间大于或者等于预设时间的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述方法还包括：在用户靠近电容传感器的距离大于预设距离的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述方法还包括：在用户靠近电容传感器的距离小于预设距离，且保持时间小于预设时间的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
可选地，上述方法还包括：确定用户靠近电容传感器的距离以及用户靠近电容传感器所保持的时间。
第四方面，提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括：电容传感器和处理器，其中，电 容传感器用于检测用户的悬空手势并基于边缘场效应生成检测信号；处理器用于根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势，并控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
上述检测信号可以用于指示所述电容传感器的电容变化情况。
上述处理器可以是电子设备中具有数据处理功能的模块或者单元，具体地，该处理器可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)或者具有数据处理功能的集成电路(integrated circuit，IC)。
在本申请中，由于电容传感器具有体积小、功耗低的特点，并且基于电容传感器的边缘场效应能够实现对用户的悬空手势的检测，因此，与传统的电子设备相比，本申请的电子设备能够在实现用户悬空手势检测的同时减小电容传感器在电子设备中占用的空间和产生的能耗。
上述第四方面中的电子设备可以是移动终端(如智能手机)、智能手表、智能手环、电脑、个人数字助理、车载多媒体设备、物联网设备以及可穿戴设备等等。
上述第四方面中的处理器相当于第三方面中的控制单元，第四方面中的处理器能够实现与第三方面中的控制单元相同的功能。
第五方面，提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当该计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第三方面中的方法。
第六方面，提供一种芯片，所述芯片包括处理器与数据接口，所述处理器通过所述数据接口读取存储器上存储的指令，执行上述第三方面中的方法。
附图说明
图1是电容的电场线和边缘场线的示意图；
图2是本申请实施例的电容传感器的结构示意图；
图3是一个极板对的尺寸示意图。
图4是电容传感器的极板长度与极板间距的比值与边缘场效应之间的关系示意图；
图5是本申请实施例的电容传感器的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例的电容传感器的结构示意图；
图7是电容传感器的极板对数与边缘场效应之间的关系示意图；
图8是本申请实施例的电容传感器的结构示意图；
图9是电容传感器的实物示意图；
图10是电容传感器的尺寸示意图；
图11是本申请实施例的电子设备的示意性框图；
图12是第一悬空手势的示意图；
图13是电容传感器设置在智能手表表面的示意图；
图14是本申请实施例的电子设备的示意性框图；
图15是本申请实施例的电子设备的示意性框图；
图16是本申请实施例的电子设备的结构图；
图17是本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的示意性流程图；
图18是根据训练样本拟合得到的曲线的示意图；
图19是本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的示意性流程图；
图20是本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的示意性流程图；
图21是本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的示意性流程图；
图22是采集单元对电容信号进行处理的示意图；
图23是处理器的处理过程的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
传统的手势识别方案，有的需要采用具有复杂计算能力的芯片才能实现手势识别，导致芯片的能耗较高，有的需要体积较大的传感器才能实现手势识别，需要占用较大的空间。
为了解决传统的手势识别方案中传感器需要占用较大的空间，产生的能耗较高的问题。本申请提出了一种新型的电容传感器，当用户在电容传感器的附近做出不同的悬空手势时，由于用户的手部的介入，电容传感器的电容会由于边缘场效应的影响使得电容传感器的电容也会发生相应的变化，因此，在获取到电容传感器的电容值变化情况之后，可以通过电容传感器的电容的变化情况与用户的悬空手势之间的对应关系确定用户的悬空手势。由于电容传感器一般可以制作的较小，消耗的电量也比较少。因此，本申请中提出的电容传感器能够实现对用户悬空手势检测的同时还具有体积小，能耗低的优点，当部署到电子设备上时能够减少对电子设备空间的占用，减小电子设备的功耗。
图1是电容的电场线和边缘场线的示意图。
图1示出了电容的电场线和边缘场线(边缘场线可以视为一种特殊的电场线，这种电场线位于电容的边缘)，由于人体皮肤的导电性，当人体手部连接到电容的边缘场线时，相当于形成了一个新的电容，从而使电容原来的分布电场发生变化。进而导致电容的电容发生变化，当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容的边缘场时，会导致电容的电容值产生不同的变化情况。因此，可以利用电容的变化情况与用户的悬空手势之间的对应关系来确定用户的悬空手势，从而能够利用电容实现对用户的悬空手势的检测。
对于图1所示的电容来说，如果只考虑电场线而不考虑边缘场线的情况下，电容的标准电容值
Figure PCTCN2020081363-appb-000001
其中，b为电容极板的长度，d为电容极板的间距，ε为电容两个极板之间的介质的介电常数。
如果考虑到边缘场线的话，那么，图1的电容的总电容值如公式(1)所示。
Figure PCTCN2020081363-appb-000002
如公式(1)所示，如果电容的边缘场受到影响的话，电容的电容值也会发生变化，因此，可以利用电容的电容值的变化情况来实现对用户的悬空手势的检测。
下面结合附图对本申请实施例的电容传感器进行详细的介绍。
图2是本申请实施例的电容传感器的结构示意图。
如图2所示，电容传感器包括M个极板对，在该M个极板对中，每个极板对由相对放置的第一极板和第二极板形成，其中，M为正整数。本申请中的电容传感器可以仅有一个极板对构成，也可以由多个极板对构成。
另外，在上述M个极板对中的每个极板对中，极板长度(极板对中的极板长度)与极板间距(极板对中的两个极板之间的距离)的比值大于1且小于或者等于30。
本申请中的电容传感器也可以称为电容，为了便于统一描述，这里统一称为电容传感器。
下面结合图3对极板对中的极板长度和极板间距进行详细说明。
图3是一个极板对的尺寸示意图。
如图3所示，第一极板和第二极板共同构成一个极板对A，那么，极板对A的极板长度可以是第一极板和第二极板的正对部分的极板的长度，此时，极板对A的极板长度可以用L0表示。图3中的极板对A的极板长度也可以用第一极板或者第二极板的长度来表示，例如，如图3所示，极板对A的极板长度可以用L1或者L2表示。在图3中的极板对A的极板间距可以是第一极板和第二极板之间的距离，如图3所示，极板对A的极板间距可以用d来表示。
应理解，图3仅仅示出了极板对中两个极板之间的距离相等的情况。在某些情况下，可能会出现极板对中的不同位置的极板之间的间距不相同的情况，例如，在某个极板对中，极板的边缘部分的间距大于极板的中间部分的间距。在这种情况下，某个极板对中的极板间距可以是该极板对中的第一极板到第二极板的最短距离、最大距离以及平均距离中的任意一种。
另外，如图3所示，某个极板对可以由一个第一电极和第二电极构成，该极板对的第一极板的长度为L，该极板的极板间距为d，L/D可以表示极板对的极板长度与极板间距的比值。
本申请中，由于电容传感器中的极板对中的极板长度和极板间距的比值在1至30之间，使得电容传感器具有较强的边缘场效应，进而可以用于检测用户的悬空手势，此外，由于电容传感器具有体积小和功耗低的优点。因此，当将电容传感器应用到电子设备中时，能够在占用较小空间，功耗较低的情况下实现对用户的悬空手势的检测。
具体地，通过理论推导和实际测试发现每个极板对中的极板长度和极板间距的比值的大小与边缘场效应的强弱成反比，当每个极板对中的极板长度和极板间距的比值的越小时，电容传感器的边缘场效应越强。同时考虑到电容传感器的电容值的大小对用户悬空手势的检测也有一定的影响，因此，当电容传感器中的每个极板对中的极板长度和极板间距的比值在1至30之间时，电容传感器能够较好地对用户的悬空手势进行检测。
下面结合公式和图4对单电容中的极板长度与极板间距的比值对边缘场的影响进行详细说明。
Figure PCTCN2020081363-appb-000003
在上述公式(2)中，C H表示单电容传感器的总电容值，C i1表示单电容的标准电容值(不考虑边缘场线)，δ H表示C H与C i1的差异，δ H越小，表示电容的边缘场效果越小。
δ H与b/d之间的关系如图4所示，在图4中，当b/d越大时，δ H越小，表示电容的边缘场效果越小。
当用户在电容传感器的附近做出悬空手势时，由于人体皮肤的导电性，当用户手部出现在电容传感器的边缘场所在的区域时，会导致电容传感器的电容发生变化，并且当用户 做出不同的悬空手势时，电容传感器的电容发生变化的情况有所不同，因此，通过电容传感器能够实现对用户悬空手势的检测。
为了进一步增强本申请实施例中的电容传感器的边缘场效应，可以将电容传感器中的每个极板对中的极板长度和极板间距的比值设置的更小。
具体地，在本申请实施例的电容传感器中，M个极板对中的每个极板对的极板长度与上述每个极板对的间距的比值可以大于1且小于或者等于15。
当电容传感器中的每个极板对的极板长度与极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于15时，电容传感器中的每个极板对中的极板长度和极板间距的比值变的更小，电容传感器的边缘场效应更强，使得电容传感器在检测用户的悬空手势时具有更高的灵敏度。
对于上述电容传感器来说，当M＝1时，电容传感器可以仅包括一个极板对。而当M大于1时，电容传感器可以包括多个极板对，在这种情况下，M个极板对可以由第一极板和第二极板交替排列而成。
如图2所示，当M大于1时，M个极板对可以由X个第一极板和Y个第二极板交替排列而成。
应理解，当X个第一极板和Y个第二极板交替排列形成M个极板对中，第一极板或者第二极板可以复用，从而在极板数目有限的情况下，尽可能的形成更多数量的极板对。
图5是本申请实施例的电容传感器的结构示意图。
如图5所示，电容传感器中包括4个第一极板和3个第二极板，其中，4个第一极板和第一电极相连，3个第二极板与第二电极相连。在图5中，4个第一极板和3个第二极板之间形成了6个极板对。在图5中，位于两个第一极板之间的第二极板不仅可以与上面的第一极板形成一个极板对，也可以与下面的第一极板之间形成一个极板对。
本申请中，通过复用处于中间位置的第一极板和第二极板，可以在极板数量有限的情况下组成形成数量更多的极板对，使得电容传感器具有更高的电容值和更强的边缘场效应，这样当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容传感器的边缘场时，电容传感器的电容值的变化也比较明显，能够更准确地检测用户不同的悬空手势。
本申请中，当M大于1时，电容传感器包括多个极板对，能够增加电容传感器的电容值，使得电容传感器能够更好的用于检测用户的悬空手势。
一般情况下，如果电容传感器的电容值过小的话不太容易检测，这里通过将M设置为大于1的数值，使得电容传感器能够具有一定大小的电容值，便于检测电容传感器的电容值变化。
具体而言，在本申请中，当电容传感器包括多个极板对时，通过适当的参数设计，可以使电容传感器具有较强的边缘场分布。当用户手部介入电容传感器的边缘场时，由于耦合电容的影响，电容传感器的电容值发生变化，基于此，可以检测人体手势。由于电容传感器的结构比较简单(主要由多个极板对级联而成)，耗电量也比较小，因此，本申请的电容传感器能够在占用较小的空间和较少的耗电量情况下实现对用户悬空手势的检测。
可选地，作为一个实施例，上述电容传感器还包括第一电极和第二电极，其中，上述M个极板对中的所有第一极板均与第一电极相连，上述M个极板对中的所有第二极板均与第二电极相连。
上述第一电极和第二电极可以将电容传感器与其他的模块或者单元相连。例如，当上 述电容传感器设置在电子设备中时，可以通过电容传感器的第一电极和第二电极将电容传感器与电子设备相连。
当上述电容传感器包括M个极板对，并且还包括第一电极和第二电极时，该电容传感器可以称为双梳状电容传感器(此时的极板对可以称为梳齿对)。通过采用双梳状电容传感器，能够在空间有限的情况下，尽可能的增大电容传感器的电容值和电容传感器的边缘场效应，便于后续更好地对用户的悬空手势进行检测。
可选地，上述M个极板对中的每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均由导电材料构成。该第一极板和第二极板的具体形状可以有多种，具体地，该第一极板和第二极板可以为矩形状、圆柱状以及波浪状中的任意一种。
例如，图2、图5和图8所示的电容传感器中，每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均有矩形状的导电材料构成。
图6是本申请实施例的电容传感器的结构示意图。
在图6所示的电容传感器中，第一极板和第二极板均由波浪状的导电材料构成。
当每个极板对中极板的形状为矩形状时，能够在空间一定的情况下，增加电容传感器中的极板对的极板正对面积，使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容传感器的边缘场时，电容传感器的电容值也会有比较明显的变化，有利于更好地检测用户的悬空手势。
而当每个极板对中极板的形状为波浪状时，能够在空间一定的情况下，增加电容传感器中的极板对的极板长度(实质上相当于增加了极板正对面积)，使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容传感器的边缘场时，电容传感器的电容值也会有比较明显的变化，有利于更好地检测用户的悬空手势。
应理解，上述M的数值也不是越大越好，当M越大时，电容传感器会占用越多的空间，因此，可以将M设置的一定的范围内，使得电容传感器占用较少的空间。
可选地，上述M小于或者等于30。
当M小于或者等于30时能够使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，同时具有较强的电容场效应，又不会占据很大的空间，使得电容传感器便于设置在电子设备中对用户的手势进行检测。
上述M的大小也会对边缘场效果有一定的影响，下面结合图7进行详细的说明。
Figure PCTCN2020081363-appb-000004
在上述公式(3)中，C i表示包含多个极板对的电容传感器的标准电容值(不考虑边缘场线)，C e0表示包含多个极板对的电容传感器的总的电容值，δ H表示C e0与C i的差异，δ H越小，表示电容的边缘场效果越小。
δ H与极板对数n之间的关系如图7所示，在图7中，当n越大时，δ H越小，表示电 容的边缘场效果越小。
可选地，上述电容传感器由柔性导电材料制成。
当上述电容传感器由柔性导电材料制成时，便于将该电容传感器设置或者固定在电子设备中。
上述柔性导电材料可以是柔软性较好的导电材料，例如，金、银和石墨烯等等。
可选地，上述电容传感器是通过三维(3dimensions，3D)打印得到的。
在本申请实施例的电容传感器中，当电容传感器包括第一电极和第二电极时，第一电极和第二电极的延伸方向既可以相同。如图2、图5和图6所示，第一电极和第二电极的延伸方向一致。
在本申请实施例的电容传感器中，当电容传感器包括第一电极和第二电极时，第一电极和第二电极的延伸方向也可以不相同。
图8是本申请实施例的电容传感器的结构示意图。如图8所示，第一电极和第二电极的延伸方向相反。
也就是说，本申请实施例中的电容传感器的第一电极和第二电极的延伸方向可以灵活设置，既可以根据需要将第一电极和第二电极的延伸方向设置成一致，也可以根据需要要将第一电极和第二电极的延伸方向设置成相反，以便于将电容传感器设置或者安装在电子设备中，可以尽可能的减少电容传感器占用的空间。
本申请实施例中的电容传感器可以设置在电子设备中，以实现对用户的悬空手势的检测，从而利用用户的悬空手势实现对电子设备的控制。
图9是电容传感器的实物示意图。在图9中，电容传感器包括延伸方向相反的第一电极和第二电极以及多个第一极板和多个第二极板，该多个第一极板和多个第二极板交替排列形成了多个极板对。
可选地，在上述电容传感器的每个极板对中，有效电极长度与极板间间距的比值大于或者等于8且小与或者等于12。
对于一个电极对来说，有效电极长度可以是指该电极对中两个相对放置的电极的重合部分的长度。
当每个极板对中的有效电极长度与极板间间距的比值在8到12之间时，能够使得电容传感器有合适大小的电容，同时又能够形成较好的边缘场，能够较好地实现对用户的悬空手势的检测。
下面以图10为例对电容传感器的具体尺寸大小进行说明。
图10是电容传感器的尺寸示意图。
如图10所示，该电容传感器包括4个第一极板和3个第二极板，其中，4个第一极板与第一电极相连，3个第二极板与第二电极相连，4个第一极板与3个第二极板形成6个极板对。在图10中，单个极板(第一极板或者第二极板)的长度为1.3mm，单个极板的宽度为0.1mm，极板间距为0.1mm，第一电极和第二电极的宽度为0.12mm，6个电极对形成的电极区域的长度为1.3mm。
应理解，图10只是电容传感器的一种具体大小的示例，并不对电容传感器的大小构成任何限定。
上文结合图1至图10对本申请实施例的电容传感器进行了详细的介绍。下面结合附 图对本申请实施例的电子设备进行详细的介绍。
图11是本申请实施例的电子设备的示意性框图。图11所示的电子设备1000包括电容传感器1010和控制单元1020，下面对传感器1010和控制单元1020的作用进行详细的介绍。
其中，上述电容传感器1010用于对用户做出的悬空操作进行检测，以产生检测信号；上述控制单元1020用于根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势，并控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
这里的电容传感器1010可以是能够基于边缘场效应实现对用户的悬空手势进行检测任何电容传感器。
其中，上述检测信号用于指示电容传感器的电容变化情况。具体地，该检测信号可以用于指示电容传感器的电容值的(实时)大小变化情况。
应理解，上述控制单元可以与电容传感器保持电气连接，以使得控制单元能够从电容传感器获取检测信号，进而根据该检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势。
由于人体皮肤的导电性，当用户手部出现在电容传感器的边缘场所在的区域时，会导致电容传感器的电容发生变化，并且当用户做出不同的悬空手势时，电容传感器的电容发生变化的情况有所不同，因此，通过电容传感器能够实现对用户悬空手势的检测。
在本申请中，由于电容传感器具有体积小、功耗低的特点，并且基于电容传感器的边缘场效应能够实现对用户的悬空手势的检测，因此，与传统的电子设备相比，本申请的电子设备能够在实现用户悬空手势检测的同时减小电容传感器在电子设备中占用的空间和产生的能耗。
由于用户做出不同的悬空手势时，电容传感器的电容会发生不同的变化，也就是说，悬空手势与电容传感器的电容之间有一定的对应关系，因此，可以根据悬空手势与电容传感器的电容之间的对应关系来确定用户的悬空手势。
上述图11所示的电子设备1000具体可以是移动终端(如智能手机)、智能手表、智能手环、电脑、个人数字助理、车载多媒体设备、物联网设备以及可穿戴设备等等。
可选地，作为一个实施例，上述控制单元1020用于根据检测信号以及第一对应关系信息确定用户的悬空手势。
其中，上述第一对应关系信息用于指示不同检测信号对应的悬空手势。
具体地，控制单元1020可以第一对应关系信息确定检测信号对应的悬空手势，并将该检测信号对应的悬空手势确定为用户的悬空手势。
上述第一对应关系信息可以用于指示不同的检测信号与不同的悬空手势之间的对应关系，该第一对应关系信息可以是人工确定的。
上述第一对应关系信息可以保存在电子设备中，当电子设备根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势时，可以先获取第一对应关系信息，然后再根据该第一对应关系信息来确定检测信号对应的悬空手势。
可选地，上述控制单元1020用于将检测信号输入到手势识别模型中进行处理，以识别出用户的悬空手势。
其中，上述手势识别模型是根据训练数据训练得到的，该训练数据包括多种检测信号以及多种检测信号对应的悬空手势。
具体地，在训练手势识别模型时，可以先对各种悬空手势进行分类测试，利用多个电容传感同时采集各类检测信号，将其转化成数字信号，然后输入到手势识别模型中进行训练，通过有监督学习，得到包含各类电容传感变化趋势与具体悬空操作的对应关系的手势识别模型。
上述手势识别模型既可以是神经网络模型。
例如，上述手势识别模型可以是简单的神经网络模型(例如，可以是简单的回归模型)，也可以是比较复杂的神经网络模型(例如，层数较多，网络连接关系比较复杂的神经网络)来实现。
应理解，上述手势识别模型可以包含第一对应关系信息，当将检测信号输入到手势识别模型中进行处理时，该手势识别模型能够根据第一对应关系信息确定检测信号对应的悬空手势，进而识别出用户的悬空手势(检测信号对应的悬空手势就是识别出的用户的悬空手势)。
在获取上述手势识别模型时，可以通过监督学习先采集一定数量(例如，10-100个)的手势样本进行学习，对手势进行回归分类，最终建立得到手势识别模型。
监督学习是指从给定的训练数据集中学习出一个函数(模型参数)，当获取到新的数后，可以根据这个函数来确定预测结果。监督学习的训练集要求包括输入输出，也可以说是特征和目标，训练集中的目标是由人标注的。
监督学习其实也就是最常见的分类(注意和聚类区分)问题，通过已有的训练样本(即已知数据及其对应的输出)去训练得到一个最优模型(这个模型属于某个函数的集合，最优表示某个评价准则下是最佳的)，再利用这个模型将所有的输入映射为相应的输出，对输出进行简单的判断从而实现分类的目的。也就具有了对未知数据分类的能力。
此外，监督学习是训练神经网络和决策树的常见技术。这两种技术高度依赖事先确定的分类系统给出的信息，对于神经网络，分类系统可以利用信息判断网络的错误，然后不断调整网络参数。对于决策树，分类系统用它来判断哪些属性提供了最多的信息。
在本申请实施例中，在构建好手势识别模型之后，可以从电容传感器获取到检测信号，并将检测信号转化为电流变化信号，接下来，就可以利用手势识别模型对电流变化信号进行识别，进而得到与检测信号匹配的手势。在识别的时候可以采用贝叶斯、决策树等算法。
下面对贝叶斯算法进行简单的介绍。
通常情况下，事件A在事件B发生的条件下的概率，与事件B在事件A发生的条件下的概率是不一样的。然而，这两种概率之间是有一定关系的，贝叶斯定理就是这种关系的陈述。
贝叶斯公式的用途在于通过己知三个概率来推测第四个概率。它的内容是：在B出现的前提下，A出现的概率等于A出现的前提下B出现的概率乘以A出现的概率再除以B出现的概率。通过联系A与B，计算从一个事件发生的情况下另一事件发生的概率，即从结果上溯到源头(也即逆向概率)。通俗地讲就是当你不能确定某一个事件发生的概率时，你可以依靠与该事件本质属性相关的事件发生的概率去推测该事件发生的概率。用数学语言表达就是：支持某项属性的事件发生得愈多，则该事件发生的可能性就愈大。
总之，利用贝叶斯公式进行手势识别主要就是通过分析不同手势之间的关联性来确定与检测信号匹配的手势。
在本申请中，电子设备可以一直工作在悬空操作模式，只要当用户做出相应的悬空手势时，电子设备就会对用户的悬空手势进行检测，并执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
或者，在本申请中，控制单元也可以先确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式，如果电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，那么，再控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
应理解，在控制单元1020控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作之前，上述控制单元1020还可以用于：确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
本申请中，控制单元1020在确定了电子设备工作在悬空操作模式之后再控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作，能够避免电子设备的误操作或者误响应。
在本申请中，控制单元1020可以采用多种方式来确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，下面对其中几种可能的方式进行详细的介绍。
第一种方式：根据用户的悬空手势来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
在第一种方式下，控制单元1020确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式具体可以包括步骤2001至2003。
2001、确定用户的悬空手势是否为第一悬空手势；
2002、在用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式；
2003、在用户的悬空手势不是第一悬空手势的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
上述第一悬空手势既可以是一个手势，也可以是多个手势，当第一悬空手势包括多个手势时，只要用户做出该多个手势中的任意一个手势时，就可以认为用户做出了第一悬空手势。
上述第一悬空手势可以是预先设定的特定操作手势。
上述第一悬空手势具体可以是左滑、右滑、上翻、下翻、确认等手势。
这里的第一悬空手势可以是触发用户工作在悬空操作模式的悬空手势，当控制单元检测到用户的悬空手势为第一悬空操作时，控制单元才会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
而用户的悬空手势不是第一悬空手势时，控制单元不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。在这种情况下，用户可以通过别的方式(例如，按键操作或者触摸操作)来控制电子设备。
图12是第一悬空手势(可以称为确定手势)的示意图。当用户做出如图12所示的悬空手势时，可以确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在电子设备处于悬空操作模式的情况下，上述控制单元还用于：在用户的悬空手势为第二悬空手势的情况下，将电子设备工作由悬空操作模式切换到非悬空操作模式。
上述第二悬空手势可以是使电子设备退出悬空操作模式的悬空手势，用户通过该第二悬空手势，能够灵活的控制电子设备从悬空操作模式切换到非悬空操作模式，从而实现了电子设备工作模式的灵活切换。
第二种方式：根据悬空操作模式开关的状态确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
在第一种方式下，控制单元1020确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式具体可以包括步骤3001至3003。
3001、确定电子设备的悬空操作模式开关开始是否处于开启状态；
3002、在电子设备的悬空操作模式开关开始处于开启状态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式；
3003、在电子设备的悬空操作模式开关开始处于关闭状态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
上述悬空操作模式开关可以是机械开关，此时可以通过用户来选择是否开启悬空操作模式开关。另外，上述悬空操作模式也可以是电子开关，此时，用户可以通过按键或者触屏操作来控制电子设备是否进入悬空操作模式。
上述悬空操作模式开关可以是机械开关，也可以电子开关。
当上述悬空操作模式开关是机械开关时，悬空操作模式开关可以是一个按钮或者一个按键，用户可以通过操作该按钮或者按键来设置电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。在这种情况下，控制单元可以通过检测相应的按钮或者开关的状态来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
当上述悬空操作模式是电子开关时，用户可以通过触摸操作来设置电子设备的状态信息的方式来设置电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。这种情况下，控制单元可以通过检测电子设备的状态信息来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
应理解，当电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于关闭状态时，控制单元不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。进一步的，控制单元不会根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势，进一步的，电容传感器不会检测用户的悬空手势并基于边缘场效应生成检测信号。
例如，当电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于关闭状态时，控制单元与电容传感器的连接断开，控制单元无法获取检测信号，自然也就无法根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势。
再如，当电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于关闭状态时，电容传感器的两端可以不加电压，这种情况下，电容传感器不会检测用户的悬空手势并基于边缘场效应生成检测信号。
第三种方式：根据电子设备的姿态确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
在第三种方式下，控制单元1020确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式具体可以包括步骤4001至4003。
4001、确定电子设备的姿态是否为第一姿态；
4002、在电子设备的姿态为第一姿态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式；
4003、在电子设备的姿态为第一姿态之外的其它姿态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
上述第一姿态既可以是一个姿态，也可以是多个姿态，当第一姿态包括多个姿态时，只要电子设备处于该多个姿态手势中的任意一个姿态时，就可以认为电子设备处于第一姿态。
也就是说，上述控制单元可以确定电子设备是否工作处于第一姿态，当电子设备处于第一姿态时，控制单元确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，当电子设备处于第二姿态时，控制单元确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
当电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式时，控制单元不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。在这种情况下，用户可以通过别的方式(例如，按键操作或者触摸操作)向电子设备输入操作信号，控制单元再根据用户输入的操作信号来控制电子设备。
上述第一姿态可以包括水平放置和竖直放置，当电子设备处于第一姿态可以是指电子设备处于水平放置状态或者竖直放置状态。
在确定电子设备的姿态时可以通过陀螺仪检测到的信息来确定。
第四种方式：根据用户靠近电容传感器的距离确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
在第四种方式下，控制单元1020确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式具体可以包括步骤5001至5003。
5001、确定用户靠近电容传感器的距离以及保持的时间；
5002、在用户靠近电容传感器的距离小于或者等于预设距离并且保持的时间大于或者等于预设时间的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式；
5003、在用户靠近电容传感器的距离大于预设距离的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式；
5004、在用户靠近电容传感器的距离小于预设距离，且保持时间小于预设时间的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
在上述步骤5001中，电子设备中可以通过距离传感器来确定用户靠近电容传感器的距离，控制单元可以从距离传感器获取到用户与电容传感器的距离的信息。
应理解，在本申请中，电容传感器可以一直检测用户的悬空手势，只要获取了电容传感器产生的检测信号，控制单元就根据该检测信号确定用户的悬空手势，但是控制单元是否控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作取决于电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
应理解，上述电容传感器1010可以是上文中图1至图10中介绍的电容传感器，下面结合附图对电容传感器1010的结构做简单介绍。电容传感器1010的具体结构的详细介绍可以参见图1至图10中对电容传感器的介绍。
上述电容传感器包括M个极板对，M个极板对中的每个极板对由相对放置的第一极板和第二极板形成。
其中，在上述每个极板对中，每个极板对的极板长度与每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于30，其中，M为正整数。
在上述每个极板对中，极板长度可以是该极板对中正对的极板部分的长度，也可以是构成该极板对的第一极板或者第二极板的长度。
可选地，上述M个极板对中的每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均为波浪状的导电材料。
本申请中，由于电容传感器中的极板对中的极板长度和极板间距的比值在1至30之间，使得电容传感器具有较强的边缘场效应，因此，将该电容传感器放置在电子设备中能够较好地检测用户的悬空手势。
可选地，上述M个极板对中的每个极板对的极板长度与上述每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于15。
当电容传感器中的每个极板对的极板长度与极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于15时，电容传感器的边缘场效应更强，使得电容传感器在检测用户的悬空手势时具有更高的灵敏度。
可选地，上述M个极板对中的每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均为矩形状、圆柱状以及波浪状的导电材料中的任意一种。
当每个极板对中极板的形状为矩形状时，能够在空间一定的情况下，增加电容传感器中的极板对的极板正对面积，使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容传感器的边缘场时，电容传感器的电容值也会有比较明显的变化，有利于更好地检测用户的悬空手势。
当电容传感器中的每个极板对中极板的形状为波浪状时，能够在空间一定的情况下，增加电容传感器中的极板对的极板长度，使得电容传感器具有较大的电容值，当用户以不同的悬空手势连接到电容传感器的边缘场时，电容传感器的电容值也会有比较明显的变化，有利于更好地检测用户的悬空手势。
可选地，上述M大于1，M个极板对由第一极板和第二极板交替排列而成。
当M大于1时，电容传感器包括多个极板对，能够增加电容传感器的电容值，使得电子设备能够利用该电容传感器更好的检测用户的悬空手势。
一般情况下，如果电容传感器的电容值过小的话不太容易检测，这里通过将M设置为大于1的数值，使得电容传感器能够具有一定大小的电容值，便于检测电容传感器的电容值变化。
可选地，作为一个实施例，上述电容传感器1010还包括：第一电极和第二电极，其中，上述M个极板对中的所有第一极板均与第一电极相连，上述M个极板对中的所有第二极板均与第二电极相连。
上述第一电极和第二电极可以将电容传感器1010与控制单元1020相连。
当上述电容传感器1010包括M个极板对，并且还包括第一电极和第二电极时，该电容传感器1010可以称为双梳状电容传感器。通过采用双梳状电容传感器，能够在空间有限的情况下，尽可能的增大电容传感器1010的电容值和电容传感器的边缘场效应，便于后续更好地对用户的悬空手势进行检测。
可选地，作为一个实施例，上述M小于或者等于30。
当M小于或者等于30时能够使得电容传感器1010具有较大的电容值，同时具有较强的电容场效应，又不会占据很大的空间，使得电容传感器便于设置在电子设备中对用户的手势进行检测。
可选地，作为一个实施例，上述电容传感器1010由柔性导电材料制成。
当上述电容传感器由柔性导电材料制成时，便于将该电容传感器设置或者固定在电子设备中。
可选地，上述电容传感器1010的电极(第一电极和第二电极)和极板(第一极板和第二极板)由金、银、铜中的任意一种材料构成。
可选地，作为一个实施例，上述电容传感器1010是以3D打印的方式设置在电子设备表面。
通过3D打印的方式将电容传感器1010设置在电子设备表面，能够简化电子设备安装 电容传感器的复杂度，简化工艺流程。
可选地，在上述每个极板对中，有效电极长度与极板间间距的比值大于或者等于8且小与或者等于12。
对于一个电极对来说，有效电极长度可以是指该电极对中两个相对放置的电极的重合部分的长度。
当每个极板对中的有效电极长度与极板间间距的比值在8到12之间时，能够使得电容传感器有合适大小的电容，同时又能够形成较好的边缘场，能够较好地实现对用户的悬空手势的检测。
本申请中，电容传感器1010可以贴合在电子设备1000的表面。具体地，电容传感器1010可以贴合在电子设备1000的操作面的一侧。当用户在电子设备的表面做出悬空手势时，通过电子设备1000中的电容传感器1010可以检测到用户的悬空手势。
如图13所示，当上述电子设备1000为智能手表时，电容传感器1010可以贴合在智能手表的表盘表面。具体地，电容传感器1010可以贴合在表圈或者屏幕(不限于智能手表的表圈或者屏幕)等等。如图13所示，智能手表上共有8个电容传感器(编号分别为1-8)，这8个电容传感器可以均匀的贴合在智能手表的表圈上。
此外，电容传感器的两端可以通过导电材料接入到表盘电路，用户的手部靠近电容传感器一定的距离(例如，15cm)时，电容传感器的电容发生变化，从而引起表盘电路中的电压发生变化，这样，电容传感器就能检测到由于用户的悬空手势而产生的检测信号。
本申请还提供了一种电子设备，下面结合附图14对电子设备6000进行说明。
图14是本申请实施例的电子设备的示意性框图。图14所示的电子设备6000包括电容传感器6010和处理器6020，下面对电容传感器6010和处理器6020的作用进行介绍。
电容传感器6010用于检测用户的悬空手势并基于边缘场效应生成检测信号；处理器6020用于根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势，并控制电子设备6000执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
上述检测信号可以用于指示所述电容传感器的电容变化情况。
上述处理器可以是电子设备中具有数据处理功能的模块或者单元，具体地，该处理器可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)或者具有数据处理功能的硬件电路。
上述电容传感器6010与上述电容传感器1010的结构可以相同，电容传感器6010的详细结构可以参见图1至图10中对电容传感器的结构的描述。
在本申请中，由于电容传感器具有体积小、功耗低的特点，并且基于电容传感器的边缘场效应能够实现对用户的悬空手势的检测，因此，与传统的电子设备相比，本申请的电子设备能够在实现用户悬空手势检测的同时减小电容传感器在电子设备中占用的空间和产生的能耗。
图14所示的电子设备6000可以是移动终端(如智能手机)、智能手表、智能手环、电脑、个人数字助理、车载多媒体设备、物联网设备以及可穿戴设备等等。
可选地，上述电子设备6000还可以包括通信接口和存储器等等，下面结合图15进行说明。
图15是本申请实施例的电子设备的示意性框图。图15所示的电子设备6000包括电容传感器6010、处理器6020、通信接口6030、存储器6040以及总线6050。其中，存储 器6040、处理器6020以及通信接口6030可以通过总线6050实现彼此之间的通信连接。下面对各个模块进行简单的介绍。
存储器6040可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)，静态存储设备和随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)。存储器6040可以存储程序，当存储器6040中存储的程序被处理器6020执行时，处理器6020和通信接口6030可以用于下文中描述的本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的各个步骤。
处理器6020可以采用通用的，CPU，微处理器，应用专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，图形处理器(graphics processing unit，GPU)或者一个或多个集成电路，用于执行相关程序，以实现本申请实施例的电子设备中的单元所需执行的功能，或者执行本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法。
处理器6020还可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的各个步骤可以通过处理器6020中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。
上述处理器6020还可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing，DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器6040，处理器6020可以通过读取存储器6040中的信息，再结合其硬件完成本申请实施例的电子设备中包括的单元所需执行的功能，或者执行本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法。
通信接口6030使用例如但不限于收发器一类的收发装置，来实现电子设备6000与其他设备或通信网络之间的通信。
总线6050可包括在电子设备6000各个部件(例如，存储器6040、处理器6020、通信接口6030)之间传送信息的通路。
应注意，尽管上述装置6000仅仅示出了存储器、处理器、通信接口等模块，但是在具体实现过程中，本领域的技术人员应当理解，装置6000还可以包括实现正常运行所必须的其他器件。同时，根据具体需要，本领域的技术人员应当理解，装置6000还可包括实现其他附加功能的硬件器件。此外，本领域的技术人员应当理解，装置6000也可仅仅包括实现本申请实施例所必须的器件，而不必包括图15中所示的全部器件。
上述图11中的电子设备1000中的控制单元1020相当于图14或者图15中的电子设备6000中的处理器6020，控制单元1020能够实现与处理器6020相同的功能，控制单元1020和处理器6020均能够执行下文中介绍的本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法。
一般来说，电容传感器在产生检测信号之后，可以先对检测信号进行一系列处理之后，再根据处理得到的信号确定用户的悬空手势，此时，可以采用一些信号处理单元对检测信号进行处理，下面对这种情况下的电子设备的结构进行描述。
图16是本申请实施例的电子设备的结构图。
图16所示的电容传感器7000包括电容传感器7010、集成电路7020和处理器7030，其中，电容传感器7010用于检测用户的悬空手势并基于边缘场效应生成检测信号；集成电路7020用于对检测信号进行处理，得到处理后的信号；处理器7030用于根据处理后的信号识别出用户的悬空手势，并控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
集成电路7020具体包括信号采集模块7021、电容信号与电压信号转换模块7022、模数转化模块7023以及信号发送电路7024。
下面对集成电路7020中的各个模块的作用进行详细介绍。
信号采集模块7021：采集电容传感器7010产生的检测信号，此时的检测信号可以是电容的变化值；
电容信号与电压信号转换模块7022：用于将电容的变化值转化为可被电路直接检测的电压变化值，该模块处理得到的是模拟信号；
模数转化模块7023：用于将模拟信号转化为数字信号；
信号发送电路7024：通过SPI协议将数字信号传递给处理器7030，以进行信号的识别与处理。
其中，上述电容信号与电压信号转换模块7022具体可以是双采样电容电压转换电路(correlated-double-sampling capacitance-to-voltage converter，CDS-CVC)。
此外，图16所示的电子设备7000中的集成电路7020和处理器7030可以相当于图14或者图15所示的处理器6020，电子设备7000中的集成电路7020和处理器7030也可以相当于图11所示的电子设备1000中的控制单元1020。
应理解，在本申请的实施例的电子设备中，可以包括一个或者多个电容传感器。当本申请实施例的电子设备包括多个电容传感器时，控制单元或者处理器在获取检测信号时，可以采用轮询算法来采集电容传感器的信号。具体地，可以先采集第一个电容传感器的信号，再采集第二个电容传感器的信号……直到完成所有的电容传感器的信号的采集。
为了增强采样效果，还可以采用具有多通道的芯片来同时采集不同电容传感器的信号，具体地，在本申请实施例的电子设备中，可以对不同通道的信号同时进行正、负交替变换，并确保在同一时间内，取得多通道信号，然后将从多个通道采集到的信号串行输出，对采样的信号进行算法解调，从而获得多个电容传感器的特征信号值。
例如，在本申请中，可以具有16个通道的芯片来同时采集16个电容传感器的信号，能够同时获得16个通道信号。
上文结合图11至图15对本申请实施例的电子设备进行了详细的介绍，下面结合附图对本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法进行详细的介绍，应理解，下文中介绍的电子设备的控制方法可以由上文中介绍的本申请实施例的电子设备来执行，具体地，下文中介绍的电子设备的电子设备的控制方法可以由上文中介绍的本申请实施例的电子设备中的控制单元或者处理器来执行。
图17是本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的示意性流程图。图17所示的控制方法8000包括步骤8001至8003，下面分别对这几个步骤进行详细的介绍。
8001、获取电容传感器的检测信号。
其中，上述检测信号是电容传感器检测用户的悬空操作手势时由于边缘场效应而生成的信号，该检测信号可以用于指示电容传感器的电容变化情况。
具体地，该检测信号可以用于指示电容传感器的电容值的(实时)大小变化情况。
8002、根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势；
8003、控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
上述控制方法8000的执行主体可以是电子设备。具体地，上述控制方法可以由电子设备中的控制单元执行。上述电容传感器可以设置在电子设备上。上述控制单元可以与电容传感器保持电气连接，以使得控制单元能够从电容传感器获取检测信号，进而根据该检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势。
由于人体皮肤的导电性，当用户手部出现在电容传感器的边缘场所在的区域时，会导致电容传感器的电容发生变化，并且当用户做出不同的悬空手势时，电容传感器的电容发生变化的情况有所不同，因此，通过电容传感器能够实现对用户悬空手势的检测。
在本申请中，由于电容传感器具有体积小、功耗低的特点，并且基于电容传感器的边缘场效应能够实现对用户的悬空手势的检测，因此，与传统的电子设备的控制方法相比，本申请的控制方法能够在实现用户悬空手势检测的同时减小电容传感器在电子设备中占用的空间和产生的能耗。
由于从电容传感器获得的检测信号与用户的悬空手势有一定的对应关系，因此，在从电容传感器获取到检测信号之后，可以根据该对应关系确定用户的悬空手势。
可选地，上述步骤8002具体包括：根据检测信号以及第一对应关系信息确定用户的悬空手势。
其中，上述第一对应关系信息用于指示不同检测信号对应的悬空手势。
具体地，在识别用户的悬空手势时，可以根据第一对应关系信息确定检测信号对应的悬空手势，并将该检测信号对应的悬空手势确定为用户的悬空手势。
上述第一对应关系信息可以用于指示不同的检测信号与不同的悬空手势之间的对应关系，该第一对应关系信息可以是人工确定的。
上述第一对应关系信息可以保存在电子设备中，当电子设备根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势时，可以先获取第一对应关系信息，然后再根据该第一对应关系信息来确定检测信号对应的悬空手势。
可选地，上述步骤8002具体包括：将检测信号输入到手势识别模型中进行处理，以识别出用户的悬空手势。
其中，上述手势识别模型是根据训练数据训练得到的，该训练数据包括多种检测信号以及多种检测信号对应的悬空手势。
应理解，上述手势识别模型可以包含第一对应关系信息，当将检测信号输入到手势识别模型中进行处理时，该手势识别模型能够根据第一对应关系信息确定检测信号对应的悬空手势，进而识别出用户的悬空手势(检测信号对应的悬空手势就是识别出的用户的悬空手势)。
在训练手势识别模型时，可以先对各种悬空手势进行分类测试，利用多个电容传感同时采集各类检测信号，将其转化成数字信号，然后输入到手势识别模型中进行训练，通过有监督学习，得到包含各类电容传感变化趋势与具体悬空操作的对应关系的手势识别模型。
由于不同的检测信号与悬空手势之间的对应关系可能比较复杂，因此，通过手势识别 模型能够更好的反映出不同的检测信号与悬空手势之间的对应关系，进而使得后续根据该手势识别模型可以更好更准确地识别用户的悬空手势。
可选地，上述步骤8002具体包括：将检测信号输入到回归模型中进行处理，以识别出用户的悬空手势。
其中，上述回归模型是根据训练数据训练得到的，该训练数据包括多种检测信号以及多种检测信号对应的悬空手势。
上述回归模型可以通过有监督的机器学习获取。
如图18所示，对于多个样本数据(x，y)，可以构建f(x)->y的映射，其中，x可以表示检测信号对应的数据，y表示悬空手势对应的数据，可以构建相对时间序列数据的模型，其中，时间序列数据在本申请中可以是表示在一个手势的过程中，各传感随时间变化(其实是手势变化过程)的数据。
构建相对时间序列数据的模型，其实是构建一个f(x1,x2,x3，…)->y1,y2,y3…的映射关系，构建出来的映射关系(公式)就是回归模型。如图18所示，对于很多离散的点(训练样本)，通过回归曲线不断拟合，可以形成一个模型。(图中的曲线为拟合的模型，该模型可通过二元方程表达出来)。由图18可知，测试样本基本分布在曲线的两侧，曲线的拟合效果较好。接下来，就可以利用拟合得到的曲线以及检测信号来识别用户的悬空手势了。
在上述控制方法8000中，在执行步骤8003之前，可以先确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式，当电子设备工作在悬空操作模式时再执行步骤8003。
另外，在上述步骤8003中，当控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作时，可以将用户的悬空手势与电子设备特定的操作命令想关联。当识别到用户特定手势时，就控制电子设备执行与该手势相关联的命令。
例如，可以将图12所示的悬空手势与“确定”命令关联，当识别到用户的这种悬空手势时，则控制电子设备执行“确定”命令。
在上述控制方法8000中，可以在识别出用户的悬空手势之后，就根据用户的悬空手势控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。也可以先确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式，在确定了电子设备工作在悬空操作模式后再控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
如图19所示，上述控制方法8000还包括：
8004、确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
本申请中，控制单元在确定了电子设备工作在悬空操作模式之后再控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作，能够避免电子设备的误操作或者误响应。
应理解，上述步骤8004可以发生在步骤8003之前即可，本申请对步骤8004与步骤8001和8002发生的先后顺序不做限定，步骤8004既可以与步骤8001和步骤8002中的一个步骤同时发生，也可以发生在步骤8001和步骤8002中的任意一个步骤之前或者之后。
上述步骤8004中，可以通过多种方式来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式，下面对几种可能的确定方式进行详细介绍。
方式A：根据用户的悬空手势来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
在方式A中，步骤8004中确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式具体包括步骤8004a 至8004c。
8004a、确定用户的悬空手势是否为第一悬空手势；
8004b、在用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式；
8004c、在用户的悬空手势不是第一悬空手势的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
上述第一悬空手势既可以是一个手势，也可以是多个手势，当第一悬空手势包括多个手势时，只要用户做出该多个手势中的任意一个手势时，就可以认为用户做出了第一悬空手势。
上述第一悬空手势可以是预先设定的特定操作手势。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在电子设备处于悬空操作模式的情况下，上述控制单元还用于：在用户的悬空手势为第二悬空手势的情况下，将电子设备工作由悬空操作模式切换到非悬空操作模式。
上述第二悬空手势可以是使电子设备退出悬空操作模式的悬空手势，用户通过该第二悬空手势，能够灵活的控制电子设备从悬空操作模式切换到非悬空操作模式，从而实现了电子设备工作模式的灵活切换。
在方式A中，步骤8004可以发生在步骤8002和步骤8003之间。
方式B：根据悬空操作模式开关的状态确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
在方式B中，步骤8004中确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式具体包括步骤8004e至8004g。
8004e、确定电子设备的悬空操作模式开关开始是否处于开启状态；
8004f、在电子设备的悬空操作模式开关开始处于开启状态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式；
8004g、在电子设备的悬空操作模式开关开始处于关闭状态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
上述悬空操作模式开关可以是机械开关，此时可以通过用户来选择是否开启悬空操作模式开关。另外，上述悬空操作模式也可以是电子开关，此时，用户可以通过按键或者触屏操作来控制电子设备是否进入悬空操作模式。
上述悬空操作模式开关可以是机械开关，也可以电子开关。
当上述悬空操作模式开关是机械开关时，悬空操作模式开关可以是一个按钮或者一个按键，用户可以通过操作该按钮或者按键来设置电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。在这种情况下，控制单元可以通过检测相应的按钮或者开关的状态来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
当上述悬空操作模式是电子开关时，用户可以通过触摸操作来设置电子设备的状态信息的方式来设置电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。这种情况下，控制单元可以通过检测电子设备的状态信息来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
方式C：根据电子设备的姿态确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
在方式C中，步骤8004中确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式具体包括步骤8004r至8004t。
8004r、确定电子设备的姿态是否为第一姿态；
8004s、在电子设备的姿态为第一姿态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式；
8004t、在电子设备的姿态为第一姿态之外的其它姿态的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
上述第一姿态既可以是一个姿态，也可以是多个姿态，当第一姿态包括多个姿态时，只要电子设备处于该多个姿态手势中的任意一个姿态时，就可以认为电子设备处于第一姿态。
也就是说，上述控制单元可以确定电子设备是否工作处于第一姿态，当电子设备处于第一姿态时，控制单元确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，当电子设备处于第二姿态时，控制单元确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
当电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式时，控制单元不会控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。在这种情况下，用户可以通过别的方式(例如，按键操作或者触摸操作)向电子设备输入操作信号，控制单元再根据用户输入的操作信号来控制电子设备。
方式D：根据用户靠近电容传感器的距离确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
在方式D中，步骤8004中确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式具体包括步骤8004w至8004z。
8004w、确定用户靠近电容传感器的距离以及保持的时间；
8004x、在用户靠近电容传感器的距离小于或者等于预设距离并且保持的时间大于或者等于预设时间的情况下，确定电子设备工作在悬空操作模式；
8004y、在用户靠近电容传感器的距离大于预设距离的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式；
8004z、在用户靠近电容传感器的距离小于预设距离，且保持时间小于预设时间的情况下，确定电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式。
在上述步骤8004w中，可以通过电子设备的距离传感器来确定用户靠近电容传感器的距离，控制单元可以从距离传感器获取到用户与电容传感器的距离的信息。
上述方式A至方式D分别相当于上文中的第一种方式至第四种方式，第一种方式至第四种方式中对确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式的相关限定和解释同样适用于这里的方式A至方式D。
在方式B至方式D中，步骤8004既可以与步骤8001和步骤8002中的一个步骤同时发生，也可以发生在步骤8001和步骤8002中的任意一个步骤之前或者之后。
下面结合图20至图23对本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的过程进行详细介绍。
图20是本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的示意性流程图。
在图20所示的控制方法中，根据电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式，电子设备有不同的控制方式，下面对图20所示的控制方法中的步骤9001至9007进行详细的介绍。
9001、开始。
步骤9001表示开始对电子设备进行控制或者操作。
9002、确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
当步骤9002中确定出电子设备工作在非悬空操作模式时，执行步骤9003和步骤9004，而当步骤9002中确定出电子设备工作在悬空操作模式时，执行步骤9005至步骤9007。
在上述步骤9002中，具体可以通过上述方式A至方式D来确定电子设备是否工作在悬空操作模式。
9003、获取用户的触屏或者按键操作信号。
9004、控制电子设备执行与用户的触屏操作或者按键操作相匹配的操作。
在步骤9003和步骤9004中，用户可以通过常规的模式，如触屏操作和按键操作来实现对电子设备的控制。
9005、获取电容传感器的检测信号。
9006、根据检测信号识别出用户的悬空手势。
9007、控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
当电子设备工作在悬空操作模式时，通过步骤9005至9007，用户可以以悬空手势实现对电子设备的控制。
上述步骤9005至步骤9007的具体内容可以参见上文中对步骤8001至步骤8003的介绍，这里不再详细描述。
图21是本申请实施例的电子设备的控制方法的示意性流程图。
图21所示的控制方法包括步骤10001至步骤10004，下面对这些步骤进行介绍。
10001、用户做出悬空手势。
用户可以做出一些预先设定好的悬空手势，以实现对电子设备的控制。例如，某个电子设备预先设定的有10种悬空手势(这10种悬空手势可以包括左滑、右滑、上翻、下翻、确认等手势等等)，这10种悬空手势能够实现对电子设备不同方面的控制，那么，用户可以做出这10种悬空手势中的任意一种悬空手势。
10002、电容传感器的电容值发生变化。
当用户做出悬空手势之后，由于电容传感器的边缘场效应，会导致电容传感器的电容值发生变化，该电容值的变化与用户做出的悬空手势有一定的关联关系。
10003、采集单元采集到电容传感器的电容信号，并对电容信号进行处理，得到数字信号。
当电子设备中包括多个电容传感器时，多个电容传感器的电容值都有可能发生变化，采集单元可以采集到多个电容传感器的电容信号，并对该多个电容传感器的电容信号进行处理。
在步骤10003中，为了便于处理器后续对信号的处理，以更好的识别用户的悬空手势，可以先对电容信号进行一定的处理。具体地，可以将将电容信号转化为电压信号，再将电压信号转化为数字信号。
10004、处理器识别出用户的悬空手势，并执行与用户的悬空操作手势相匹配的关联操作命令。
图22是采集单元对电容信号进行处理的示意图。如图22所示，上述步骤10003具体包括：
10003a、采集单元采集到电容传感器的电容信号。
该电容信号可以具体指示电容传感器的电容值的(实时)大小变化情况。
10003b、采集单元将电容信号转化为模拟电压信号。
为了便于处理器的后续处理，可以将电容信号转化先为模拟电压信号，再将模拟电压 信号转化为数字信号。
10003c、采集单元将模拟电压信号转化为数字信号。
具体地，采集单元可以包括模数转化芯片，在步骤10003c中，可以通过采集单元中的模数转化芯片将模拟电压信号转化为数字信号。
10003d、采集单元将数字信号传输给处理器中进行处理。
采集单元可以通过串行外设接口(serial peripheral interface，SPI)协议将数字信号传输给处理器。
图23是处理器的处理过程的示意图。如图23所示，上述步骤10004具体包括：
10004a、处理器根据数字信号与各种手势之间的对应关系信息，识别出用户的悬空手势。
步骤10004a中的数字信号与各种手势之间的对应关系与上文中的第一对应关系信息类似，上文中的第一对应关系信息用于指示不同的检测信号与不同的悬空手势之间的对应关系。而这里的数字信号与各种手势之间的对应关系信息可以是指不同的数字信号与不同的悬空手势之间的对应关系。
这里的数字信号与各种手势之间的对应关系可以保存在电子设备中，当电子设备中的处理器获取到数字信号之后，可以根据该数字信号与各种手势之间的对应关系识别出数字信号对应的悬空手势，该悬空手势就是识别出来的用户的悬空手势。
10004b、处理器确定悬空手势库中与用户的悬空手势相匹配的关联操作命令。
上述悬空手势库中可以保存每种悬空手势对应的关联操作命令。例如，悬空手势库中可以包括左滑、右滑、上翻、下翻、确认等悬空手势对应的或者匹配的关联操作命令。
当确定了用户的悬空手势之后，可以从悬空手势库中查询与用户的悬空手势对应的或者相匹配的关联操作命令。例如，当识别出用户的悬空手势为左滑手势时，可以通过悬空手势库确定左滑手势对应的操作命令为第一操作命令，其中，第一操作命令为控制电子设备的显示页面向左滑动的命令。
10004c、处理器控制电子设备执行与用户的悬空手势相匹配的关联操作命令。
例如，当用户的悬空手势为左滑手势时，与左滑手势对应的操作命令为第一操作命令，那么，处理器可以控制电子设备执行第一操作命令，以实现显示页面的向左滑动。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间 接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种电容传感器，其特征在于，包括：
    M个极板对，所述M个极板对中的每个极板对由相对放置的第一极板和第二极板形成，其中，所述每个极板对的极板长度与所述每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于30，其中，M为正整数。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电容传感器，其特征在于，所述每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均为波浪状的导电材料。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电容传感器，其特征在于，M大于1，所述M个极板对由第一极板和第二极板交替排列而成。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电容传感器，其特征在于，所述电容传感器还包括：
    第一电极，所述M个极板对中的所有第一极板均与所述第一电极相连；
    第二电极，所述M个极板对中的所有第二极板均与所述第二电极相连。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电容传感器，其特征在于，M小于或者等于30。
  6. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电容传感器，其特征在于，所述每个极板对的极板长度与所述每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于15。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电容传感器，其特征在于，所述电容传感器由柔性导电材料制成。
  8. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    电容传感器，用于检测用户的悬空手势并基于边缘场效应生成检测信号，所述检测信号用于指示所述电容传感器的电容变化情况；
    控制单元，用于根据所述检测信号识别出所述用户的悬空手势，并控制所述电子设备执行与所述用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元用于：
    根据所述检测信号以及第一对应关系信息确定所述用户的悬空手势，其中，所述第一对应关系信息用于指示不同检测信号对应的悬空手势。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元用于将所述检测信号输入到手势识别模型中进行处理，以识别出所述用户的悬空手势，其中，所述手势识别模型是根据训练数据训练得到的，所述训练数据包括多种检测信号以及所述多种检测信号对应的悬空手势。
  11. 如权利要求8-10中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，在所述控制单元控制所述电子设备执行与所述用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作之前，所述控制单元还用于：
    确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元用于：
    在所述用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势的情况下，确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，其中，所述第一悬空手势为触发所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式的操作手势。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元用于：
    在所述电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于开启状态的情况下，确定所述电子设备工作 在悬空操作模式。
  14. 如权利要求11所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元用于：
    在所述电子设备的姿态为所述第一姿态的情况下，确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，其中，所述第一姿态为触发所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式的姿态。
  15. 如权利要求8-14中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电容传感器包括M个极板对，所述M个极板对中的每个极板对由相对放置的第一极板和第二极板形成，其中，所述每个极板对的极板长度与所述每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于30，其中，M为正整数。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述每个极板对中的第一极板和第二极板均为波浪状的导电材料。
  17. 如权利要求15或16所述的电子设备，其特征在于，M大于1，所述M个极板对由第一极板和第二极板交替排列而成。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电容传感器还包括：
    第一电极，所述M个极板对中的所有第一极板均与所述第一电极相连；
    第二电极，所述M个极板对中的所有第二极板均与所述第二电极相连。
  19. 如权利要求15-18中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，M小于或者等于30。
  20. 如权利要求15-18中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述每个极板对的极板长度与所述每个极板对的间距的比值大于1且小于或者等于15。
  21. 如权利要求8-20中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电容传感器由柔性导电材料制成。
  22. 如权利要求8-20中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电容传感器是以3D打印的方式设置在所述电子设备表面。
  23. 一种电子设备的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取电容传感器的检测信号，其中，所述检测信号是所述电容传感器检测用户的悬空操作手势时由于边缘场效应而生成的信号，所述检测信号用于指示所述电容传感器的电容变化情况；
    根据所述检测信号识别出所述用户的悬空手势；
    控制所述电子设备执行与所述用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述检测信号识别出所述用户的悬空手势，包括：
    根据所述检测信号以及第一对应关系信息确定所述用户的悬空手势，其中，所述第一对应关系信息用于指示不同检测信号对应的悬空手势。
  25. 如权利要求23或24所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述检测信号识别出所述用户的悬空手势，包括：
    将所述检测信号输入到手势识别模型中进行处理，以识别出所述用户的悬空手势，其中，所述手势识别模型是根据训练数据训练得到的，所述训练数据包括多种检测信号以及所述多种检测信号对应的悬空手势。
  26. 如权利要求23-25中任一项所述的控制方法，其特征在于，在控制所述电子设备执行与所述用户的悬空手势相匹配的操作之前，所述控制方法还包括：
    确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，包括：
    在所述用户的悬空手势为第一悬空手势的情况下，确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，其中，所述第一悬空手势为触发所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式的操作手势。
  28. 如权利要求26所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，包括：
    在所述电子设备的悬空操作模式开关处于开启状态的情况下，确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式。
  29. 如权利要求26所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，包括：
    在所述电子设备的姿态为所述第一姿态的情况下，确定所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式，其中，所述第一姿态为触发所述电子设备工作在悬空操作模式的姿态。
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