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WO2021180362A1 - Procédé de séparation cryogénique d'air et unité de séparation d'air - Google Patents

Procédé de séparation cryogénique d'air et unité de séparation d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021180362A1
WO2021180362A1 PCT/EP2021/025085 EP2021025085W WO2021180362A1 WO 2021180362 A1 WO2021180362 A1 WO 2021180362A1 EP 2021025085 W EP2021025085 W EP 2021025085W WO 2021180362 A1 WO2021180362 A1 WO 2021180362A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rectification column
gearbox
cooling
fluid
overhead gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/025085
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dimitri GOLUBEV
Eric DOPPLER
Original Assignee
Linde Gmbh
Cryostar Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Gmbh, Cryostar Sas filed Critical Linde Gmbh
Priority to KR1020227030312A priority Critical patent/KR20220151167A/ko
Priority to EP21712710.9A priority patent/EP4118389A1/fr
Priority to US17/905,574 priority patent/US20230125267A1/en
Priority to CN202180014008.1A priority patent/CN115103990A/zh
Publication of WO2021180362A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021180362A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/0423—Subcooling of liquid process streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04236—Integration of different exchangers in a single core, so-called integrated cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04321—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/044—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
    • F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution
    • F25J2200/94—Details relating to the withdrawal point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/20—Boiler-condenser with multiple exchanger cores in parallel or with multiple re-boiling or condensing streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for cryogenic separation of air and to a corresponding unit according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • Air separation units are equipped with rectification column systems which are traditionally designed as two-column systems, in particular as classic Linde doublecolumn systems, but also as three- or multi-column systems.
  • rectification column systems which are traditionally designed as two-column systems, in particular as classic Linde doublecolumn systems, but also as three- or multi-column systems.
  • further rectification columns may be provided for obtaining further air components, in particular the noble gases krypton, xenon and/or argon.
  • the rectification columns of classical rectification column systems are operated at different pressure levels.
  • Known double column systems comprise a so-called high pressure column (also called pressure column, medium pressure column or lower column) and a so-called low pressure column (also called upper column).
  • the high- pressure column Is typically operated at a pressure level of 4 to 7 bar, in particular approx. 5.3 bar.
  • the low-pressure column is operated at a pressure level of typically 1 to 2 bar, in particular approx. 1.4 bar. In certain cases, higher pressure levels can also be used in both rectification columns.
  • the pressures indicated here and below are absolute pressures at the top of the respective columns.
  • SPECTRA process is intended to refer to the single-column process for nitrogen recovery described above or a modified single-column process In which, as also explained below, an additional rectification column is used for oxygen production.
  • the term may therefore be replaced at any time by the term "single-column process or modified single-column process", and it is characterized by features mentioned above, and mainly by the fact that overhead gas from a main rectification column is cooled and at least partly condensed using fluid from the same rectification column.
  • TFC Turbine
  • Friction Compression
  • corresponding turbines are coupled with a friction brake, typically an oil brake, and a compressor, respectively.
  • the latter compressors are used as the cold compressors mentioned above.
  • the reason for using two TFC turbines is mainly the result of feasibility limits.
  • the third expansion turbine is typically coupled with a generator, in order to increase flexibility and to enable the production of larger amounts of liquid nitrogen as well.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an advantageous solution for such cases, i.e. a solution which reduces costs and increases efficiency particularly in large SPECTRA processes which classically require three expansion turbines.
  • a further object of the present invention is to maintain flexibility without requiring a further unit to be additionally activated or deactivated.
  • the present invention proposes a process for the cryogenic separation of air and a corresponding air separation unit with the features of independent claims.
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims and of the description that follows.
  • Liquids and gases can be rich or poor in one or more components in the language used here, where "rich” can mean a content of at least 75%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9% or 99.99% and “poor” can mean a content of at most 25%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1% or 0.01% on a mole, weight or volume basis.
  • the term “predominantly” may correspond to the definition of "rich”.
  • Liquids and gases may also be enriched or depleted in one or more components, these terms referring to a content in a starting liquid or gas from which the liquid or gas was derived.
  • the liquid or gas is "enriched” if it contains at least 1.1 times, 1.5 times, 2 times, 5 times, 10 times, 100 times or 1,000 times the content, and “depleted” if it contains at most 0.9 times, 0.5 times, 0.1 times, 0.01 times or 0.001 times the content, based on the starting liquid or gas, of a corresponding component. If, for example, the term “oxygen”, “nitrogen” or “argon” is used here, this may also mean a liquid or a gas which is rich in oxygen or nitrogen, but which does not necessarily have to consist exclusively of this.
  • pressure level and "temperature level” to characterize pressures and temperatures, which are intended to express that corresponding pressures and temperatures in a corresponding installation need not be used in the form of exact pressure or temperature values in order to realize the inventive concept.
  • pressures and temperatures typically move in certain ranges, such as ⁇ 1%, 5%, 10% or 20% around an average value.
  • Corresponding pressure levels and temperature levels can lie in disjunctive areas or in areas that overlap each other.
  • pressure levels include, for example, unavoidable or expected pressure losses.
  • the pressure levels given here in bar are absolute pressures.
  • An expansion turbine or turbo expander can be coupled with a friction brake and/or a compressor, as mentioned hereinbefore.
  • the compressor can be embodied as a turbo compressor in particular.
  • a combination of a turbo expander and a turbo compressor is also referred to as a "turbine booster" in the art.
  • the turbo expander and the turbo compressor are mechanically coupled, whereby the coupling can take place at the same speed (e.g. via a common shaft) or at different speeds (e.g. via a suitable transmission or gearbox).
  • cold compressor shall refer to a compressor to which a fluid flow at a temperature level well below 0 °C, in particular below -50, -75 or -100 °C and as low as -150 or -200 °C is supplied. A corresponding fluid flow is cooled to a corresponding temperature level in particular by means of the main heat exchanger of the air separation unit (see immediately hereinbelow).
  • a “main air compressor” is characterized by the fact that it compresses the entire air supplied to, and separated in, the air separation unit.
  • additional compressors which are optionally provided, also referred to as booster compressors
  • a portion of the air previously compressed in the main air compressor may be further compressed.
  • the "main heat exchanger" of an air separation plant is the heat exchanger in which at least the majority of the air supplied to and separated in the air separation plant is cooled. This takes place at least in part in counterflow to fluid streams that are discharged from the air separation plant. Fluid streams or "products" which are "discharged" from an air separation plant are, in this context, fluids that no longer participate in internal plant circuits but are permanently removed from them.
  • a "heat exchanger” for use within the scope of this invention may be designed in a manner customary in the field. It serves for the indirect transfer of heat between at least two e.g. countercurrent fluid streams, e.g. a warm compressed air stream and one or more cold fluid streams or a cryogenic liquid air product and one or more warm or warmer, but possibly also cryogenic fluid streams.
  • a heat exchanger may consist of one or more heat exchanger sections connected in parallel and/or in series, e.g. one or more plate heat exchanger blocks. It is, for example, embodied as a Plate Fin Heat Exchanger (PFHE).
  • PFHE Plate Fin Heat Exchanger
  • Such a heat exchanger has "passages” which are designed as separate fluid channels with heat exchange surfaces and are connected in parallel and separated by other passages to form “passage groups". In a heat exchanger, heat is exchanged at any time between two mobile media, namely at least one fluid stream to be cooled and at least one fluid stream to be heated.
  • a "condenser evaporator” is a heat exchanger in which a first, condensing fluid flow is in indirect heat exchange with a second, evaporating fluid flow.
  • Each condenser evaporator has a condensing space and an evaporation space.
  • the liquefaction and evaporation chambers have liquefaction and evaporation passages respectively.
  • the condensation (liquefaction) of the first fluid stream is carried out, in the evaporation chamber the evaporation of the second fluid stream.
  • the evaporation chamber and the condensing chamber are formed by groups of passages which are in heat exchange relationship with each other.
  • the relative spatial terms “above”, “below”, “next to”, “side by side”, “vertical”, “horizontal” etc. refer here to the spatial orientation of the rectification columns of an air separation plant in normal operation.
  • An arrangement of two rectification columns or other components “above” the other here means that the upper end of the lower of the two apparatus parts is at a lower or the same geodetic height as the lower end of the upper of the two apparatus parts and the projections of the two apparatus parts overlap in a horizontal plane.
  • the two parts of the apparatus are arranged exactly one above the other, i.e. the axes of the two parts of the apparatus run on the same vertical straight line.
  • the axes of the two apparatus parts can also be offset from each other, especially if one of the two apparatus parts, for example a rectification column or a column part with a smaller diameter, is to have the same distance to the sheet metal shell of a cold box as another with a larger diameter.
  • the rectification column operated accordingly may be the only rectification column in a SPECTRA process, as it is the case in the embodiments discussed below. However, one or more further rectification columns, particularly for oxygen production, may be present as well. This can also be the case according to the present invention.
  • a part of the overhead gas from the rectification column is condensed using fluid, in particular cryogenic liquid, which is withdrawn from the same rectification column.
  • the condensed overhead gas is at least in part used as a liquid reflux to the same rectification column.
  • a first part of the fluid which is used for cooling is, after its use for cooling, compressed and reintroduced into the same rectification column from which it was withdrawn.
  • a second part of the fluid which is used for cooling is, after its use for cooling, expanded and withdrawn from the air separation unit, particularly after heating it to ambient temperatures and partly using it as a regeneration gas.
  • the compression and the expansion of the first and the second part of the fluid, respectively is classically done using arrangements wherein at least on expansion turbine is coupled to at least one compressor.
  • at least on expansion turbine is coupled to at least one compressor.
  • this requires, as mentioned before, that more than one expansion/compression unit is used in larger air separation units.
  • the "first" and “second" parts of the fluid which is withdrawn from the rectification column and which is used for cooling the overhead gas may particularly be withdrawn from the rectification column in form of two separate liquid streams of which a first stream corresponding to the first part of the fluid that is compressed and reintroduced into the rectification column may particularly comprise a larger nitrogen content than a second stream corresponding to the second part of the fluid that is expanded and removed from the air separation unit.
  • one stream may be withdrawn from the rectification column which may then, before or after the use for cooling, be divided into portions corresponding to the first and second parts.
  • the present invention proposes a method for cryogenic separation of air, using an air separation unit comprising a rectification column, wherein feed air is compressed, cooled and rectified in the rectification column obtaining an overhead gas, wherein a part of the overhead gas of the rectification column is condensed using fluid withdrawn from the rectification column, wherein the condensed overhead gas is used at least in part as a liquid reflux to the rectification column, wherein a first part of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column is, after its use for cooling, compressed and reintroduced into the rectification column, and wherein a second part of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column is, after its use for cooling, expanded and withdrawn from the air separation unit.
  • the invention thus relates to a SPECTRA process, as mentioned.
  • a compressor which is coupled to an electric motor via a first gearbox is used, and for expanding the second part of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column an expansion turbine which is coupled to an electric generator via a second gearbox is used.
  • the first gearbox and the second gearbox are identically designed.
  • identical transmission ratios i.e. reduction or multiplication ratios
  • the gearboxes which particularly may be realized by using identical internal gearbox components or specifications for the internal gearbox components including at least one of identical sprocket diameters, an identical number of teeth of sprockets and identical shaft diameters.
  • identical reduction or multiplication ratios are present when a reduction rate in one unit is the same, or the inverse, of a multiplication rate in the other unit and vice versa. This applies for elements of the same function in the first and secons gearbox when compared between the identically designed gearboxes.
  • Identically designed gearboxes not necessarily are operated, or designed to be operated, in identical directions of rotation, but this is the case in a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • identical bearing pad assemblies can be used.
  • the first part of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column may be a cryogenic liquid withdrawn from the rectification column at a first position
  • the second part of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column may be a cryogenic liquid withdrawn from the rectification column at a second position.
  • the first position may be above the second position and/or the second position may particularly correspond to a position at the bottom of the rectification column.
  • the first part of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column may particularly have a higher nitrogen content than the second part.
  • electric energy generated in the generator is at least in part used to operate the motor.
  • the compressor and the expansion turbine may be operated at identical speed settings.
  • the present invention also relates to an air separation unit comprising a rectification column, the air separation unit being adapted to compress, cool and rectify feed air in the rectification column obtaining an overhead gas, wherein means are provided which are adapted to condense a part of the overhead gas of the rectification column using fluid withdrawn from the rectification column, wherein means are provided which are adapted to use the condensed overhead gas at least in part as a liquid reflux to the rectification column, wherein means are provided which are adapted to compress and reintroduce into the rectification column a first part of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column after its use for cooling, and wherein means are provided which are adapted to expand and withdraw from the air separation unit a second part of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column after its use for cooling.
  • a compressor which is coupled to an electric motor via a first gearbox is provided, for expanding the second part of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column an expansion turbine which is coupled to an electric generator via a second gearbox is provided, and the first gearbox and the second gearbox are identically designed.
  • Figure 1 shows an air separation unit not forming part of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows an air separation unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an air separation unit not forming part of the invention in the form of a simplified, schematic process flow diagram.
  • the air separation unit is indicated with 90.
  • a compression unit 1 of the air separation unit 90 which comprises three parallel compression lines including compressors or compressor stages with aftercoolers, respectively, an amount of feed air taken from the atmosphere A is compressed and provided as a feed air stream a.
  • the feed air stream a is cooled in a direct contact cooling unit 2 with water W and, still indicated a, supplied to a purification unit 3 which, in the embodiment illustrated, comprises two adsorber lines each containing two adsorption vessels.
  • the purified feed air stream is then cooled in a main heat exchanger 4 of the air separation unit 90.
  • the feed air stream a is withdrawn from the main heat exchanger 4 close to its cold end and is then introduced into a rectification column 5 where the air is rectified obtaining an overhead gas and a bottom liquid.
  • the fluid streams d and e form first and second parts of the fluid which is used for cooling the overhead gas of the rectification column 5 and are a cryogenic liquid withdrawn from the rectification column 5 at a first position on the one hand (first part), and cryogenic liquid withdrawn from the rectification column 5 at a second position below the first position (or from the bottom) on the other hand (second part).
  • the fluid streams d and e are slightly cooled in the main heat exchanger 4 before they are introduced into the heat exchanger 7.
  • the fluid stream d is, after its use for cooling in the heat exchanger 7, at least in part compressed in compressors 91 and 92 which are arranged in parallel and which are coupled to friction brakes 93 and 94 and expansion turbines 95 and 96 which are also arranged in parallel, respectively.
  • a further expansion turbine 97 is arranged in parallel therewith and is coupled to an electric generator G.
  • a part of the fluid stream d may be vented to the atmosphere A.
  • the fluid stream which is still indicated with d even if parts thereof might be vented to the atmosphere or used otherwise, is cooled in the main heat exchanger 4 and is thereafter in the air separation unit 90 reintroduced into the rectification column 5.
  • the fluid stream e is, after its use for cooling in the heat exchanger 7, further heated in the main heat exchanger 4 and then expanded in parallel in the expansion turbines 95 and 96 and optionally as well in the further expansion turbine 97 and is then warmed in the main heat exchanger 4 and withdrawn from the air separation unit 100.
  • a part can be used at least temporarily as a regenerating gas for the purification unit 3.
  • a part of the overhead gas of the rectification column 5 which was condensed in the heat exchanger 8 may be subcooled in a subcooler 9 and may be supplied, in the form of a fluid stream g, as a liquid nitrogen product G.
  • a part of the condensed overhead gas of the rectification column 5 expanded for this subcooling may be combined with the fluid stream e after its expansion and may be heated together therewith.
  • a further part of the condensed overhead gas of the rectification column 5 is supplied to the rectification column 5 as a liquid reflux in the form of a fluid stream h.
  • a yet further part may be used to form a purge stream p and a purge P.
  • a part of the feed air stream a may be bypassed to the compressors 91 and 92.
  • liquid nitrogen I may be introduced into the unit 90.
  • FIG. 2 shows an air separation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a simplified, schematic process flow diagram.
  • the air separation unit is indicated with 100. Only features differing from the air separation unit 90 according to Figure 1 are described hereinbelow.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de séparation cryogénique de l'air à l'aide d'une unité de séparation d'air (100) comprenant une colonne de rectification (5). L'air d'alimentation est comprimé, refroidi et rectifié dans la colonne de rectification (5) l'obtention d'un gaz de tête, une partie du gaz de tête de la colonne de rectification (5) est condensée à l'aide d'un fluide retiré de la colonne de rectification (5), le gaz de tête condensé étant utilisé au moins en partie en tant que reflux de liquide dans la colonne de rectification (5), une première partie du fluide qui est utilisée pour refroidir le gaz de tête de la colonne de rectification (5) est, après son utilisation pour le refroidissement, comprimé et réintroduit dans la colonne de rectification (5), et une seconde partie du fluide qui est utilisée pour refroidir le gaz de tête de la colonne de rectification (5) est, après son utilisation pour le refroidissement, dilatée et retirée de l'unité de séparation d'air (100). Selon la présente invention, pour comprimer la première partie du fluide qui est utilisée pour refroidir le gaz de tête de la colonne de rectification (5) un compresseur (6) qui est couplé à un moteur électrique (M) par l'intermédiaire d'une première boîte de vitesses (61) est utilisé pour dilater la seconde partie du fluide qui est utilisée pour refroidir le gaz de tête de la colonne de rectification (5) une turbine de détente (7) qui est couplée à un générateur électrique (G) par l'intermédiaire d'une deuxième boîte de vitesses (71), et la première boîte de vitesses (61) et la deuxième boîte de vitesses (71) sont conçues de manière identique. Une unité de séparation d'air correspondante (100) fait également partie de la présente invention.
PCT/EP2021/025085 2020-03-10 2021-03-02 Procédé de séparation cryogénique d'air et unité de séparation d'air WO2021180362A1 (fr)

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KR1020227030312A KR20220151167A (ko) 2020-03-10 2021-03-02 극저온 공기 분리 방법 및 공기 분리 유닛
EP21712710.9A EP4118389A1 (fr) 2020-03-10 2021-03-02 Procédé de séparation cryogénique d'air et unité de séparation d'air
US17/905,574 US20230125267A1 (en) 2020-03-10 2021-03-02 Cryogenic Air Separation Method and Air Separation Unit
CN202180014008.1A CN115103990A (zh) 2020-03-10 2021-03-02 低温空气分离方法和空气分离单元

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EP4428474A1 (fr) 2023-03-08 2024-09-11 Linde GmbH Procédé et installation de séparation d'air à basse température
EP4450910A1 (fr) 2023-04-18 2024-10-23 Linde GmbH Procédé de séparation d'air à basse température et installation de séparation d'air
WO2024217721A1 (fr) 2023-04-18 2024-10-24 Linde Gmbh Procédé de fractionnement cryogénique d'air et installation de fractionnement d'air
EP4488606A1 (fr) 2023-07-04 2025-01-08 Linde GmbH Procédé de production cryogénique de produits de l'air et système de séparation d'air

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EP4428474A1 (fr) 2023-03-08 2024-09-11 Linde GmbH Procédé et installation de séparation d'air à basse température
EP4450910A1 (fr) 2023-04-18 2024-10-23 Linde GmbH Procédé de séparation d'air à basse température et installation de séparation d'air
WO2024217721A1 (fr) 2023-04-18 2024-10-24 Linde Gmbh Procédé de fractionnement cryogénique d'air et installation de fractionnement d'air
EP4488606A1 (fr) 2023-07-04 2025-01-08 Linde GmbH Procédé de production cryogénique de produits de l'air et système de séparation d'air
WO2025008082A1 (fr) 2023-07-04 2025-01-09 Linde Gmbh Procédé de production cryogénique de produits d'air et système de séparation d'air

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US20230125267A1 (en) 2023-04-27
CN115103990A (zh) 2022-09-23

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