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WO2021082407A1 - 一种无线充电的接收端、系统及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种无线充电的接收端、系统及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021082407A1
WO2021082407A1 PCT/CN2020/091461 CN2020091461W WO2021082407A1 WO 2021082407 A1 WO2021082407 A1 WO 2021082407A1 CN 2020091461 W CN2020091461 W CN 2020091461W WO 2021082407 A1 WO2021082407 A1 WO 2021082407A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
receiving end
rectifier
load
bridge arm
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/091461
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛云鹤
武志贤
刘彦丁
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2022525909A priority Critical patent/JP7419521B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227018209A priority patent/KR20220101118A/ko
Priority to EP20880969.9A priority patent/EP4054053A4/en
Publication of WO2021082407A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082407A1/zh
Priority to US17/732,713 priority patent/US20220255358A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of wireless charging technology, and in particular to a wireless charging receiving end, system and control method.
  • Electric vehicles With the intensification of energy shortages and environmental pollution in modern society, electric vehicles as new energy vehicles have received extensive attention from all walks of life. Electric vehicles use on-board power battery packs as energy sources to drive vehicles.
  • the charging methods of electric vehicles currently include contact charging and wireless charging, and wireless charging has become the development direction of electric vehicles in the future due to its convenient use, no sparks and no danger of electric shock.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system.
  • the wireless charging system includes a wireless charging transmitter (hereinafter referred to as a transmitter) and a wireless charging receiver (hereinafter referred to as a receiver).
  • a wireless charging transmitter hereinafter referred to as a transmitter
  • a wireless charging receiver hereinafter referred to as a receiver
  • the transmitting end is located on the ground and the receiving end is located on the vehicle.
  • the transmitting end includes: an inverter H1, a transmitting end compensation network 100, and a transmitting coil Lp.
  • the inverter H1 may include four controllable switch tubes, Q1-Q4, respectively, and the inverter H1 inverts the DC power output by the DC power supply into AC power.
  • the transmitting end compensation network 100 compensates the alternating current output from the inverter H1 and sends it to the transmitting coil Lp.
  • the transmitting coil Lp transmits the alternating current compensated by the transmitting end compensation network 100 in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the receiving end includes: receiving coil Ls, receiving end compensation network 200 and rectifier H2.
  • the receiving coil Ls receives the electromagnetic energy emitted by the transmitting coil Lp in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the receiving end compensation network 200 compensates the alternating current received by the receiving coil Ls and sends it to the rectifier H2.
  • the rectifier H2 may include four controllable switch tubes, S1-S4, respectively.
  • the rectifier H2 rectifies the received alternating current into direct current to charge the load.
  • the load is the on-board power battery pack.
  • the transmitter controller 101 controls the controllable switch tube of the inverter H1, the receiver controller 201 controls the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2, and the wireless communication module 400 at the receiving end performs wireless communication with the wireless communication module 300 at the transmitting end.
  • the speed of wireless communication is slower than the switching speed of the switching tubes at the transmitting end and the receiving end. Therefore, when the control sequence of the controllable switch tube in the rectifier at the receiving end has a problem, the receiving end may be damaged or the load may be damaged.
  • the present application provides a wireless charging receiving terminal, system and control method, which can protect the receiving terminal and the load from damage when the receiving terminal is turned on or off, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • this application provides a wireless charging receiving end, including: a receiving coil, a compensation network, a rectifier, and a controller.
  • the receiving coil is used to convert the alternating magnetic field emitted by the transmitting end into alternating current and send it to the compensation network;
  • the compensation network compensates the alternating current and sends it to the rectifier;
  • the rectifier rectifies the compensated alternating current into direct current and provides it to the load;
  • the compensation network is The compensation circuit of the current source characteristics enables the receiving coil and the compensation network to make the input end of the rectifier a constant current source under the joint action of the transmitting end.
  • the controller is used to control the switch tube in the rectifier to close when the receiving end is turned on, so that the load is bypassed, and then control the receiving end to start work; or when the receiving end is turned off, control the switch tube of the rectifier to close to make the load Be bypassed, and then control the receiving end to enter the shutdown state.
  • the controller is specifically used to control the first part of the switching tube in the rectifier to close when the receiving end is turned on, so that the load is bypassed; when the receiving end is turned off, By controlling the second part of the switching tube in the rectifier to close, so that the load is bypassed.
  • the first part of the switching tube is the switching tube of the upper half of the rectifier or the switching tube of the lower half of the bridge, and the second part of the switching tube is the rectifier.
  • the receiving end controller controls the switch tube of the upper half bridge arm or the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier to close, so that the load is bypassed. At this time, no current flows through the load, so both ends of the load There will be no excessively high voltage when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load from damage.
  • the other half of the bridge arm of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the bridge arm, so there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the other half of the bridge arm when the transmitter is turned on.
  • the controller controls the switch tube of the upper half bridge arm or the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier to close, so that the load is bypassed, and no current flows through the load at this time. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned off, thereby protecting the load from damage when the transmitter is turned off.
  • the other half of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the rectifier. Therefore, the other half of the bridge will not have too high voltage when the transmitter is turned off, so that the receiver will be turned off.
  • the rectifier is protected, the receiving end is protected.
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, and the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of the two bridge arms are both It is a controllable switch tube.
  • the controller controls the switch tubes of the upper half of the rectifier to be closed or the switch tubes of the lower half of the bridge are closed, so that the load is bypassed; it is determined that the current of the transmitting coil of the transmitting end is greater than the first
  • the phase shift angle between the two bridge arms is controlled to gradually increase to the preset value, and the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the switch tubes of the lower half bridge arm are controlled to conduct complementary conduction, and then the receiving is controlled. Start working at the end.
  • the rectifier is a full-bridge rectifier and the switching tubes of the upper and lower half of the two bridge arms are both controllable switching tubes, it can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned on, thereby improving The safety of the wireless charging system is improved.
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, and the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of the two bridge arms are both It is a controllable switch tube.
  • the controller controls the phase shift angle between the two bridge arms to gradually decrease until the upper half of the rectifier
  • the switch tubes of the bridge arm are all closed or the switch tubes of the lower half of the bridge arm are all closed, so that the load is bypassed, and then the receiving end is controlled to enter the shutdown state.
  • the rectifier is a full-bridge rectifier and the switches of the upper and lower half of the two bridge arms are both controllable switches, it can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned off, thereby improving The safety of the wireless charging system is improved.
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, the upper half of the two bridge arms have diodes, and the two bridge arms have diodes.
  • the switch tubes of the lower half of the arm are all controllable switch tubes.
  • the controller controls the controllable switch tubes to be closed, and when it is determined that the current of the transmitting coil at the transmitting end is greater than the first preset current, the duty cycle of the drive signals of the controllable switch tubes that control the two bridge arms is gradually reduced. When it is as small as the preset value, control the receiving end to start work.
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, the upper half of the two bridge arms have diodes, and the two bridge arms have diodes.
  • the switch tubes of the lower half of the arm are all controllable switch tubes.
  • the load can be bypassed when the receiving end is shut down. At this time, no current flows through the load. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitting end is shut down, thereby protecting the load from damage when the transmitting end is shut down.
  • the other half of the bridge arm of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the bridge arm. Therefore, the other half of the bridge arm will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitter is shut down, thus protecting it during shutdown. Rectifier.
  • the rectifier may also include a bridge arm, and the switch tubes of the upper half of the bridge arm and the lower half of the bridge arm are both available. Control switch tube.
  • the controller controls the switch tube of the upper half bridge arm of the rectifier to close or the switch tube of the lower half bridge arm to close, and when it is determined that the current of the transmitting coil at the transmitting end is greater than the first preset current, it controls the upper half bridge arm.
  • the switching tube and the switching tube of the lower half of the bridge arm are turned on complementarily.
  • the load and another unclosed switch tube can be bypassed, thereby avoiding damage to the load and the rectifier due to excessive voltage.
  • the rectifier may also include a bridge arm, and the switch tubes of the upper half of the bridge arm and the lower half of the bridge arm are both available. Control switch tube.
  • the controller controls the switch tube of the lower half of the rectifier to close, so that the load is bypassed, and then Control the receiving end to enter the shutdown state.
  • the load and another unclosed switch tube can be bypassed, thereby avoiding damage to the load and the rectifier due to excessive voltage.
  • the rectifier includes a bridge arm, the lower half of the bridge arm is a controllable switch, and the upper half of the bridge arm It is a diode.
  • the controller controls the controllable switch tube of the rectifier to close, and when it is determined that the current of the transmitting coil at the transmitting end is greater than the first preset current, the switch state of the controllable switch tube is controlled by the preset duty ratio.
  • the load and diode can be bypassed, thereby avoiding damage to the load and rectifier due to excessive voltage.
  • the rectifier includes a bridge arm, the lower half of the bridge arm is a controllable switch, and the upper half of the bridge arm It is a diode.
  • the controller controls the controllable switch to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controls the receiving end to shut down status.
  • the load and the diode can be bypassed, thereby avoiding damage to the load and the rectifier due to excessive voltage.
  • the present application also provides a wireless charging system, which includes: a transmitting end and a receiving end described in any of the above implementations.
  • the transmitter includes an inverter, a transmitter compensation network, a transmitter coil, and a transmitter controller.
  • the inverter is used to invert DC power into AC power and send it to the transmitter compensation network;
  • the transmitter compensation network is used to compensate the AC power and send it to the transmitter coil;
  • the transmitter coil transmits the compensated AC power in the form of an alternating magnetic field;
  • the controller controls the closing of the controllable switch tube of the inverter, so that the transmitting coil generates the transmission current required by the receiving end, and is also used to receive the power-on request or shutdown request sent by the controller of the receiving end, or to send the power-on to the receiving-end controller Request or shutdown request.
  • the wireless charging system includes the wireless charging receiving end provided in the above embodiments, it can realize a smooth transition when the receiving end is turned on or off, ensuring the normal control sequence during the power on and off of the wireless charging system, and protecting the receiving end and The load will not be damaged, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • the transmitter controller is also used to send the current of the transmitter coil to the controller at the receiver end.
  • the present application also provides a wireless charging control method, which is applied to the receiving end of wireless charging;
  • the receiving end includes: a receiving coil, a compensation network, and a rectifier.
  • the compensation network is a compensation circuit with current source characteristics, so that the receiving coil and the compensation network make the input end of the rectifier a constant current source under the joint action of the transmitting end.
  • the method includes:
  • the switch tube in the rectifier is controlled to close so that the load is bypassed, and then the receiving end is controlled to start work;
  • the switch tube in the rectifier is controlled to close, so that the load is bypassed, and then the receiving end is controlled to enter the shutdown state.
  • the first part of the switching tube in the rectifier when the receiving end is turned on, the first part of the switching tube in the rectifier is controlled to close, so that the load is bypassed; when the receiving end is turned off, by controlling the switch in the rectifier
  • the second part of the switching tube is closed so that the load is bypassed; the first part of the switching tube is the upper half of the rectifier or the lower half of the switching tube; the second part of the switching tube is the upper half of the rectifier.
  • the switch tube or the switch tube of the lower half of the bridge arm when the receiving end is turned on, the first part of the switching tube in the rectifier is controlled to close, so that the load is bypassed; when the receiving end is turned off, by controlling the switch in the rectifier
  • the second part of the switching tube is closed so that the load is bypassed; the first part of the switching tube is the upper half of the rectifier or the lower half of the switching tube; the second part of the switching tube is the upper half of the rectifier.
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, and the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of the two bridge arms are both It is a controllable switch tube. Said controlling the switching tube in the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to start working, specifically includes: when the receiving end is turned on, the switching tubes of the upper half bridge arm of the rectifier are all closed or down.
  • the switch tubes of the half bridge arms are all closed so that the load is bypassed; when it is determined that the current of the transmitting coil at the transmitting end is greater than the first preset current, the phase shift angle between the two bridge arms is controlled to gradually increase to the preset value, And control the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm and the switching tube of the lower half bridge arm to conduct complementary conduction, and then control the receiving end to start working.
  • the rectifier is a full-bridge rectifier and the switching tubes of the upper and lower half of the two bridge arms are both controllable switching tubes, it can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned on, thereby improving The safety of the wireless charging system is improved.
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, and the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of the two bridge arms are both
  • the controllable switching tube means that the switching tube in the rectifier is controlled to be closed so that the load is bypassed, and then the receiving end is controlled to enter the shutdown state, which specifically includes: determining that the current of the transmitting coil of the transmitting end is less than the second preset current and When the current is greater than the first preset current, the phase shift angle between the two bridge arms is controlled to gradually decrease until the switch tubes of the upper half of the rectifier are closed or the switch tubes of the lower half of the bridge are closed, so that the load is Bypass, then control the receiving end to enter the shutdown state.
  • the rectifier is a full-bridge rectifier and the switches of the upper and lower half of the two bridge arms are both controllable switches, it can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned off, thereby improving The safety of the wireless charging system is improved.
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, and the switch tubes of the upper half of the two bridge arms are diodes, and the two The switching tubes of the lower half of the bridge arm are all controllable switching tubes.
  • the step of controlling the switching tube in the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to start working specifically includes: controlling the controllable switching tubes to be closed, and determining that the current of the transmitting coil at the transmitting end is greater than the first preset current , The duty cycle of the drive signals of the controllable switch tubes that control the two bridge arms is gradually reduced to a preset value, and then the receiving end is controlled to start working.
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, and when the switch tubes of the upper half of the two bridge arms are diodes, Said by controlling the switch tube in the rectifier to close, so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to enter the shutdown state, specifically includes: determining that the power current of the transmitting coil of the transmitting end is less than the second preset current and greater than the first preset current , The controller controls the drive signal duty cycle of the controllable switch tubes of the two bridge arms to gradually increase until the controllable switch tubes are closed, and then controls the receiving end to enter the shutdown state.
  • the load can be bypassed when the receiving end is shut down. At this time, no current flows through the load. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitting end is shut down, thereby protecting the load from damage when the transmitting end is shut down.
  • the other half of the bridge arm of the rectifier is also bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the bridge arm. Therefore, the other half of the bridge arm will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitter is turned off, thereby protecting it during shutdown. Rectifier.
  • the rectifier includes a bridge arm, and the switch tubes of the upper half of the bridge arm and the lower half of the bridge arm are both controllable switches tube. Said by controlling the switching tubes in the rectifier to be closed so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to start working, specifically includes: controlling the switching tubes of the lower half arm of the rectifier to close, and determining that the current of the transmitting coil at the transmitting end is greater than the first At a preset current, the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the switch tubes of the lower half bridge arm are controlled to conduct complementary conduction, and then the receiving end is controlled to start working.
  • the load and another unclosed switch tube can be bypassed, thereby avoiding damage to the load and the rectifier due to excessive voltage.
  • the rectifier includes a bridge arm, and the switch tubes of the upper half of the bridge arm and the lower half of the bridge arm are both controllable switches
  • the switch tube in the rectifier is controlled to close, so that the load is bypassed, and then the receiving end is controlled to enter the shutdown state, which specifically includes: determining that the current of the transmitting coil at the transmitting end is less than the second preset current and greater than the first preset current
  • the switch tube of the lower half bridge arm of the control rectifier is closed, so that the load is bypassed, and then the receiving end is controlled to enter the shutdown state.
  • the load and another unclosed switch tube can be bypassed, thereby avoiding damage to the load and the rectifier due to excessive voltage.
  • the rectifier includes a bridge arm, the lower half of the bridge arm is a controllable switch, and the upper half of the bridge arm It is a diode.
  • the controlling the switch tube in the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to start working specifically includes: controlling the controllable switch tube of the rectifier to close, and determining that the current of the coil of the transmitting end is greater than the first preset When the current is current, the switch state of the controllable switch tube is controlled by the preset duty ratio.
  • the load and diode can be bypassed, thereby avoiding damage to the load and rectifier due to excessive voltage.
  • the rectifier includes a bridge arm, the lower half of the bridge arm is a controllable switch, and the upper half of the bridge arm
  • the switching tube in the rectifier is controlled to be closed so that the load is bypassed, and then the receiving end is controlled to enter the shutdown state, which specifically includes: determining that the current of the transmitting coil of the transmitting end is less than the second preset current and greater than the first
  • the controller controls the controllable switch tube to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controls the receiving end to enter the shutdown state.
  • the load and the diode can be bypassed, thereby avoiding damage to the load and the rectifier due to excessive voltage.
  • the controller at the receiving end controls the switching tube of the upper half of the rectifier or the switching tube of the lower half of the rectifier to close, so that the load is bypassed, that is, no current flows through the load at this time, so both ends of the load will not There is an excessively high voltage when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load from damage.
  • the other half of the rectifier is also bypassed.
  • the lower half of the rectifier when the upper half of the rectifier switch is closed, the lower half of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the bridge, so the other half
  • the two ends of the bridge arm will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitting end is turned on, thereby protecting the rectifier, that is, protecting the receiving end.
  • the controller controls the switch tube of the upper half of the rectifier arm or the switch tube of the lower half of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed. At this time, no current flows through the load regardless of whether the load is open or not. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned off, so as to protect the load from damage when the transmitter is turned off.
  • the other half of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other side.
  • Half of the bridge arm therefore, the two ends of the other half of the bridge arm will not have excessively high voltage when the transmitting end is turned off, thereby protecting the rectifier, that is, protecting the receiving end.
  • the controller then controls the receiving end to enter the shutdown state.
  • the use of the wireless charging receiving end provided in the present application can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned on or off, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electric vehicle wireless charging system provided by this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric vehicle wireless charging system provided in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of the LCC type compensation network provided by this application.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the LC type compensation network provided by this application.
  • Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of the P-type compensation network provided by this application.
  • FIG. 4d is a schematic diagram of the S-type compensation network provided by this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system whose output is a current source type provided by this application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system corresponding to a wireless charging receiving end provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system corresponding to another wireless charging receiving end provided in the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the startup process of the receiving end according to the second embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the shutdown process of the receiving end according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system corresponding to another wireless charging receiving end provided in the third embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the startup process of the receiving end according to the third embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the shutdown process of the receiving end provided in the third embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system corresponding to another wireless charging receiving end provided in the fourth embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the startup process of the receiving end according to the fourth embodiment of the application;
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the shutdown process of the receiving end according to the fourth embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system corresponding to another wireless charging receiving end provided in Embodiment 5 of the application;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the startup process of the receiving end according to the fifth embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the shutdown process of the receiving end according to the fifth embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart of a method for turning on a wireless charging receiving terminal according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a method for shutting down a wireless charging receiving terminal according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the receiving end of the wireless charging provided in this application wirelessly induces the alternating magnetic field sent by the transmitting end of the receiving coil and converts it into direct current to charge the load.
  • the transmitting The terminal may be located on the ground, the receiving terminal may be located on the electric vehicle, and the receiving terminal may charge the on-board power battery pack of the electric vehicle.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic diagram of the electric vehicle wireless charging system provided by this application.
  • the wireless charging system may include at least: an electric car 1000 and a wireless charging station 1001.
  • the receiving end 1000a of wireless charging is located on the electric vehicle 1000, and the transmitting end 1001a of wireless charging is located at the wireless charging station 1001 on the ground.
  • the charging process of the wireless charging system is that the wireless charging receiving end 1000a and the wireless charging transmitting end 1001a complete the transmission of electric energy in a wireless manner to charge the power battery pack.
  • the wireless charging station 1001 may specifically be a fixed wireless charging station, a fixed wireless charging parking space, or a wireless charging road.
  • the wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a can be set on the ground or buried under the ground (the figure shows the wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a being buried under the ground).
  • the wireless charging receiving terminal 1000a may be integrated at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1000, and when the electric vehicle 1000 enters the wireless charging range of the wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a, the electric vehicle 1000 can be charged through the wireless charging method.
  • the power receiving module and the rectifier circuit of the wireless charging receiving end 1000a can be integrated or separated. This application is not specifically limited. When the power receiving module and the rectifier circuit are separated, the rectifier in the rectifier circuit is usually placed in the car .
  • the power transmitting module and the inverter of the wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a can be integrated or separated.
  • the non-contact charging can be the wireless charging receiving terminal 1000a and the wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a through electric or magnetic field coupling.
  • the energy transmission may specifically be electric field induction, magnetic induction, magnetic resonance, or wireless radiation, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electric vehicle 1000 and the wireless charging station 1001 can also be charged in two directions, that is, the wireless charging station 1001 charges the electric vehicle 1000 through the charging power source, or the electric vehicle 1000 can discharge to the charging power source.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric vehicle wireless charging system provided in Figure 2.
  • the wireless charging transmitter 1001a shown in the figure includes: a transmission conversion module 1001a1, a power transmission antenna 1001a2, a transmission control module 1001a3, a communication module 1001a4, an authentication management module 1001a5, and a storage module 1001a6.
  • the wireless charging receiving end 1000a includes a power receiving module 1000a2, a receiving control module 1000a3, a receiving conversion module 1000a1, a vehicle communication module 1000a4, an energy storage management module 1000a5, and an energy storage module 1000a6.
  • the receiving conversion module 1000a1 can be connected to the energy storage module 1000a6 through the energy storage management module 1000a5, and the received energy is used to charge the energy storage module 1000a6, and further used for driving the electric vehicle.
  • the energy storage management module 1000a5 and the energy storage module 1000a6 may be located inside the wireless charging receiving terminal 1000a or outside the wireless charging receiving terminal 1000a, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the power receiving module 1000a2 includes a receiving coil.
  • the transmission conversion module 1001a1 can be connected to an external power source to convert AC or DC power obtained from the external power supply into high-frequency AC power.
  • the transmission conversion module 1001a1 at least includes a power factor correction unit and an inverter;
  • the transmission conversion module 1001a1 at least includes an inverter.
  • the power factor correction unit is used to make the phase of the input current of the wireless charging system consistent with the phase of the grid voltage, reduce the harmonic content of the wireless charging system, and increase the power factor value to reduce the pollution of the wireless charging system to the grid and improve reliability .
  • the power factor correction unit can also increase or decrease the output voltage of the power factor correction unit according to the needs of the subsequent stage.
  • the inverter converts the voltage output by the power factor correction unit into a high-frequency AC voltage and then acts on the power transmitting module 1001a2.
  • the high-frequency AC voltage can improve the transmission efficiency and transmission distance.
  • the external power supply can be located inside or outside the wireless charging transmitter 1001a.
  • the power transmitting module 1001a2 is used to transmit the alternating current output from the transmitting and transforming module 1001a1 in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the power transmitting module 1001a2 includes a transmitting coil.
  • the transmission control module 1001a3 can control the voltage, current and frequency conversion parameter adjustments of the transmission conversion module 1001a1 according to the actual wireless charging transmission power requirements to control the voltage and current output adjustments of the high-frequency alternating current in the power transmission module 1001a2.
  • the communication module 1001a4 and the vehicle communication module 1000a4 implement wireless communication between the wireless charging transmitter 1001a and the wireless charging receiver 1000a, including power control information, fault protection information, switch machine information, interactive authentication information, etc.
  • the wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a can receive the attribute information, charging request and interactive authentication information of the electric vehicle sent by the wireless charging receiving terminal 1000a; on the other hand, the wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a can also send the wireless charging The receiving end 1000a sends wireless charging transmission control information, interactive authentication information, wireless charging history data information, and the like.
  • the above-mentioned wireless communication methods may include, but are not limited to, Bluetooth (Bluetooth), wireless broadband (WIreless-Fidelity, WiFi), Zigbee protocol (Zigbee), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and Long Range (Long Range). , Lora) wireless technology, near field communication technology (Near Field Communication, NFC) any one or a combination of multiple.
  • the communication module 1001a4 can also communicate with the smart terminal of the user of the electric vehicle, and the user can realize remote authentication and user information transmission through the communication function.
  • the authentication management module 1001a5 is used for interactive authentication and authority management between the wireless charging transmitter 1001a and the electric vehicle in the wireless charging system.
  • the storage module 1001a6 is used to store the charging process data, interactive authentication data (such as interactive authentication information), and permission management data (such as permission management information) of the wireless charging transmitter 1001a, among which the interactive authentication data and permission management data can be factory-factory
  • the setting can also be set by the user, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the power receiving module 1000a2 receives the electromagnetic energy emitted by the power transmitting module 1001a2 in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the structural combinations of the compensation circuit of the power transmitting module 1001a2 and the power receiving module 1000a2 in the wireless charging system include SS type, PP type, SP type, PS type, LCL-LCL type, LCL-P type and LCC-LCC type, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this.
  • the wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a and the wireless charging receiving terminal 1000a can be functionally interchangeable, that is, the wireless charging receiving terminal 1000a can also charge the wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a in turn.
  • the receiving conversion module 1000a1 converts the electromagnetic energy received by the power receiving module 1000a2 into the direct current required for charging the energy storage module 1000a6.
  • the receiving conversion module 1000a1 at least includes a compensation circuit and a rectifier, wherein the rectifier converts the high-frequency resonance current and voltage received by the power receiving module into direct current.
  • the receiving control module 1000a3 can adjust the voltage, current, frequency and other parameters of the receiving conversion module 1000a1 according to the actual wireless charging receiving power demand.
  • the output characteristic of the wireless charging system can be a current source characteristic or a voltage source characteristic, which is mainly determined by the compensation network of the transmitting end and the receiving end.
  • L1, C1 and Cp form an LCC type compensation network.
  • L1 and C1 form an LC-type compensation network.
  • C1 and Lp are parallel structures (Parallel), forming a P-type compensation network.
  • Cp and Lp are a series structure (Series), forming an S-type compensation network.
  • the compensation network at the receiving end is similar to that at the transmitting end. Usually, the compensation network at the transmitting end and the receiving end have a symmetrical structure, which will not be repeated here.
  • Commonly used combinations of compensation networks and coils at the transmitting end and receiving end that can make the output of the wireless charging system present current source characteristics include: LCCL-LCCL, LCL-LCL, LCCL-LCL, LCL-LCCL, LCCL-P, LCL-P And SS etc.
  • the first LCCL is the combination of the compensation network and the transmitting coil at the transmitting end
  • the second LCCL is the combination of the compensation network and the receiving coil at the receiving end.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system whose output is a current source type provided by this application.
  • the transmitting end of the wireless charging, the receiving coil Ls and the compensation network 200 of the receiving end are equivalent to the equivalent current source, the rectifier H2 and the load are equivalent to the equivalent load R of the current source, and the equivalent circuit of the wireless charging system is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the voltage across the equivalent load R is only related to the current magnitude i of the equivalent current source.
  • the characteristic of the equivalent current source is that the size of the output current will not change with the change of the load, so it is required that the load cannot be opened. This is because when the load is in an open circuit, the equivalent load R is very large, which will cause the voltage U at both ends of the equivalent load to be much greater than the normal value, which will damage the load and the receiving end, and even cause the receiving end to explode.
  • the present application provides a wireless charging receiving end.
  • the controller of the receiving end controls the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm or the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier to close, so that The load is bypassed.
  • no matter whether the load is in an open circuit state no current flows through the load. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load from damage.
  • the other half of the bridge arm is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the rectifier arm. Therefore, the other half of the bridge arm will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the rectifier.
  • the controller then controls the receiving end to start work for wireless charging.
  • the controller controls the switch tube of the upper half of the rectifier arm or the switch tube of the lower half of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed.
  • no current flows through the load regardless of whether the load is open or not. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned off, thereby protecting the load from damage when the transmitter is turned off.
  • the other half of the bridge arm of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the bridge arm. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the other half of the bridge arm when the transmitter is turned off, thereby protecting the rectifier controller. Then control the receiving end to enter shutdown.
  • the use of the wireless charging receiving end provided in the present application can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned on or off, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system corresponding to a wireless charging receiving end according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the receiving end of wireless charging includes: receiving coil Ls, receiving end compensation network 200 (hereinafter referred to as compensation network 200), rectifier H2, and receiving end controller 201.
  • the receiving coil Ls converts the alternating magnetic field emitted by the transmitting end into alternating current and sends it to the compensation network 200.
  • the compensation network 200 compensates the alternating current and sends it to the rectifier H2.
  • the rectifier H2 rectifies the compensated alternating current into direct current and provides it to the load.
  • the compensation network is a compensation circuit with current source characteristics, and the current source characteristics of the compensation network 200 determine that the input current of the rectifier is proportional to the output voltage of the inverter at the transmitting end.
  • the current source characteristics of the compensation network 200 make the receiving coil Ls and the compensation network 200 work together at the transmitting end to make the input end of the rectifier H2 a constant current source.
  • the transmitting end compensation network 100 and the receiving end compensation network 200 can use the above compensation networks, The embodiments of this application will not be repeated here.
  • the rectifier H2 and the load form an equivalent load, so the current i input to the rectifier H2 has nothing to do with the impedance of the equivalent load.
  • the wireless charging system includes three states: “off state”, "standby state” and “charging state”.
  • the transition from “standby state” or “off state” to “charging state” is called the startup process.
  • the transition from the "charging state” to the "standby state” or the “shutdown state” is referred to as the shutdown process in the following description of this application. It is understandable that in practical applications, when the receiving end changes from the “off state” to the “charge state”, it can first change from the "off state” to the "standby state”, and then from the "standby state” to the “charge state” .
  • this application uses the receiving end controller 201 to control the switching tube of the rectifier to bypass the load at the receiving end when the receiving end is turned on or the receiving end is turned off.
  • the working principle of the controller is described below.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the switching tube of the rectifier H2 to close so that the load is bypassed.
  • the controlled switching tube is the switching tube of the upper half of the rectifier H2 or the switching tube of the lower half of the rectifier H2. tube.
  • the receiving end controller 201 sends a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation) signal as a driving signal to each switch tube of the rectifier H2 to realize the control of each switch tube.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation
  • the rectifier H2 may be a full-bridge rectifier or a half-bridge rectifier.
  • the rectifier H2 is a full-bridge rectifier, it includes two bridge arms, and therefore correspondingly includes two upper half bridge arms and two lower half bridge arms.
  • the rectifier H2 is a half-bridge organizer, it includes a bridge arm, so it includes an upper half bridge arm and a lower half bridge arm correspondingly.
  • the receiving end controller 201 can control the switching tubes S1 and S3 of the upper half bridge arm to close, or control the switching tubes S2 and S2 of the lower half bridge arm to close. S4 is closed. At this time, the load is bypassed, the output terminal of the compensation network 200 is short-circuited, and no current flows through the load. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load and the receiving end. damage.
  • the receiving end controller 201 When the receiving end is turned on, when the two upper half bridge arms of the rectifier H2 both include controllable switching tubes, the receiving end controller 201 needs to control the controllable switching tubes of the two upper half bridge arms to be closed at the same time.
  • the drive signals of the two controllable switch tubes can be synchronized.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the controllable switching tubes of the two lower half bridge arms to be closed at the same time, as long as the two controllable switching tubes are maintained
  • the drive signal can be synchronized.
  • the receiving end controller 201 After the receiving end controller 201 confirms that the switch tube of the upper half bridge arm or the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier H2 is closed, it controls the receiving end to start working, that is, controls the rectifier H2 to enter a normal rectification state to charge the load.
  • the receiving end controller 201 may also notify the wireless charging transmitting end to start the wireless charging process.
  • the receiving end controller 201 may send a charging request to the transmitting end communication module through the receiving end communication module to indicate that the receiving end has completed the preparations for wireless charging, and the transmitting end may start the wireless charging process.
  • the communication module of the transmitting end receives the charging request, it can notify the transmitting end controller 101 to start the wireless charging process.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the switch tube of the rectifier H2 to close, so that the load is bypassed, and then controls the receiving end to enter the shutdown state.
  • the controlled switching tube is the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm or the switching tube of the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier H2.
  • the receiving end controller 201 can control the switching tubes S1 and S3 of the upper half of the bridge arm to close, or control the lower The switch tubes S2 and S4 of the half bridge arm are closed. At this time, the load is bypassed and no current flows through the load. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load and the receiving end. damage.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the controllable switching tubes of the two upper half bridge arms. It is closed at the same time, as long as the driving signals of the controllable switch tubes of the two upper half bridge arms are kept in synchronization.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the controllable switching tubes of the two lower half bridge arms to be closed at the same time, as long as the driving signals of the two controllable switching tubes are kept synchronized That's it.
  • the receiving end controller 201 provided in the present application is located in the transmission control module 1000a3 in FIG. 3.
  • controllable switch tube can be any of the following: relay, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor, MOSFET, hereinafter referred to as MOS) Tube), SiC MOSFET (Silicon Carbide Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor, silicon carbide field effect transistor), etc.
  • MOS metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
  • SiC MOSFET Silicon Carbide Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor, silicon carbide field effect transistor
  • the switch tube is a MOS tube, it may be a PMOS tube or an NMOS tube, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the receiving end of the wireless charging provided by the embodiment of the present application, when the receiving end is turned on, the receiving end controller controls the switch tube of the upper half bridge arm or the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier to close, so that the load is bypassed, At this time, no current flows through the load, so there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load from damage.
  • the other half of the bridge arm of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the bridge arm. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the other half of the bridge arm when the transmitter is turned on, so when the receiver is turned on Protecting the rectifier means protecting the receiving end.
  • the controller then controls the receiving end to start work for wireless charging.
  • the controller controls the switch tube of the upper half of the rectifier or the lower half of the bridge to close so that the load is bypassed. At this time, no current flows through the load, and the controller then controls the receiving end to enter Shut down. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned off, thereby protecting the load from damage when the transmitter is turned off.
  • the other half of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the rectifier. Therefore, the other half of the bridge will not have too high voltage when the transmitter is turned off, so that the receiver will be turned off.
  • the rectifier is protected, the receiving end is protected.
  • using the wireless charging receiving end provided by the embodiments of the present application can realize a smooth transition when the receiving end is turned on or off, protecting the receiving end and the load from damage, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • the rectifier is a full-bridge rectifier
  • the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of each bridge arm are controllable switch tubes as an example for description.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system corresponding to another wireless charging receiving end according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the transmitter of wireless charging includes a power supply, an inverter H1, a transmitter compensation network 100, a transmitter coil Lp, and a transmitter controller 101.
  • the receiving end of the wireless charging includes a receiving coil Ls, a receiving end compensation network 200, a rectifier H2, an output filter capacitor Co, a load, and a receiving end controller 201.
  • the transmitting end compensation network 100 includes L1, C1, and Cp, which is an LCC type compensation network;
  • the receiving end compensation network 200 includes L2, C2, and Cs, which is also an LCC type compensation network, so that the output of the wireless charging system is a current source characteristic.
  • the combination of the compensation network and the coil of the transmitting end and the receiving end is an example of LCCL-LCCL.
  • the combination of the compensation network and the coil at the transmitter and receiver can also be combined with LCL-LCL, LCCL-LCL, LCL-LCCL, LCCL-P, LCL-P and SS.
  • LCL-LCL LCL-LCL
  • LCL-LCCL LCL-LCCL
  • LCCL-P LCL-P
  • LCL-P LCL-P
  • SS LCL-P
  • the control principle of the controller at the receiving end is similar, and will not be repeated in this application.
  • the transmitting end and receiving end of the wireless charging system have corresponding controllers respectively.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the output voltage (or output current or output power) of the system, can generate the current reference signal of the transmitting coil, and can control the rectifier H2. Control the on and off of the switch tube.
  • the transmitter controller 101 controls the current of the transmitter coil by controlling the on and off of the controllable switch tube of the inverter H1.
  • the receiving end generates a corresponding current at the input end of the rectifier H2 according to the size of the transmitting coil current, so that the receiving end performs phase lock according to the current.
  • the transmitter controller 101 and the receiver controller 201 transmit control signals through wireless communication. In practical applications, the receiving end can communicate through the wireless communication module of the receiving end and the wireless communication module of the transmitting end.
  • the rectifier H2 at the receiving end includes two bridge arms, and the upper and lower switches of each bridge arm are controllable switches.
  • S1 and S2 are located in the same bridge arm
  • S3 and S4 are located in the same bridge arm.
  • the following specifically describes the control sequence of the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 by the controller of the receiving end during the startup and shutdown process of the receiving end.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the start-up process of the receiving end according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • the receiving end is turned on, that is, the receiving end changes from the "standby state” or the “off state” to the "charging state”.
  • the following takes the receiving end from the "standby state” to the "charging state” as an example for description.
  • the auxiliary power supply at the receiving end is in working state, and the auxiliary power supply at the transmitting end is also in working state.
  • the receiving end controller sends a charging request to the transmitting end through the wireless communication module of the receiving end, and the transmitting end controller receives the charging request through the wireless communication module of the transmitting end and responds to it. Make the wireless charging system start the charging process.
  • the controller at the receiving end controls the switch tubes S1 and S3 of the two upper half bridge arms of the rectifier H2 to be closed, or controls the switch tubes S2 and S4 of the two lower half bridge arms to be closed, so that the load is bypassed.
  • the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 is a MOS tube and specifically an NMOS tube
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the switching tubes S2 and S4 of the two lower half arms of the rectifier H2 to be closed as an example.
  • the controllable switch tube is an NMOS tube
  • the controllable switch tube is turned on when the drive signal of the controllable switch tube is at a high level, and the controllable switch tube is turned off when the drive signal of the controllable switch tube is at a low level.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the switching tubes S2 and S4 of the two lower-half arms of the rectifier H2 to be closed, the drive signals corresponding to the S1 and S3 before the dotted line indicated by the arrow "receiving coil current is normal" in the figure are Low level, the drive signals of S2 and S4 are high level. At this time, no current flows through the load, so there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load from damage.
  • the receiving end controller 201 maintains control of the switching tube of the rectifier H2 until the transmitting end finishes starting.
  • the receiving end controller gradually increases the phase shift angle ⁇ between the two bridge arms to make The wireless charging system enters the "charging state" and starts to charge the load.
  • This process corresponds to the driving signals of S1 and S3 after the dotted line indicated by the arrow of "receiving coil current is normal", and the driving signals of S2 and S4 undergo high-low level jumps according to certain logic, and the upper and lower sides of each bridge arm
  • the switch tube of the half bridge arm and the switch tube of the lower half bridge arm are turned on complementary, that is, S1 and S2 are complementary turned on, and S3 and S4 are complementary turned on.
  • the receiving end controller 201 may control the phase shift angle ⁇ between the two bridge arms of the rectifier H2 to gradually increase to the preset value when it is determined that the current of the transmitting coil at the transmitting end is greater than the first preset current value. And control the switching tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the switching tubes of the lower half bridge arm to conduct complementary conduction.
  • the preset values of the first preset current value and the phase shift angle ⁇ can be set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit it here.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the shutdown process of the receiving end according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 is a MOS tube and specifically an NMOS tube as an example for description.
  • the receiving end controller 201 sends a shutdown instruction to the transmitting end controller 101 through the wireless communication module, and the shutdown process Starting, the transmitting end gradually reduces the transmitting coil current to be less than the second preset current and greater than the first preset current.
  • the receiving end controller 201 starts to adjust the driving signal to the rectifier H2. Specifically, the receiving end controller 201 controls the phase shift angle between the two bridge arms of the rectifier H2 to gradually decrease from ⁇ to 0, even if the driving signals of S1 and S3 are completely synchronized, the driving signals of S2 and S4 are completely synchronized, and The drive signal of S1 and the drive signal of S2 conduct complementary conduction, corresponding to the level of the switch tube drive signal before the dotted line indicated by the "transmitting end stop wave" arrow in the figure.
  • the receiving end controller 201 continues the above control of the switching tube until the transmitting end stops sending waves, that is, until the transmitting end stops power output. After “the transmitter stops sending waves”, keep S2 and S4 on, S1 and S3 are off, and enter the standby state.
  • the driving signals of S1 and S3 after the dotted line indicated by the arrow "Stop transmitting waves" in the figure are low level, and the driving signals of S2 and S4 are high level.
  • the rectifier at the receiving end of the wireless charging includes two bridge arms, and the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of each bridge arm include a controllable switch tube.
  • the receiving end is turned on, since the wireless charging transmitter, receiving coil and the compensation network of the receiving end can be equivalent to the current source, when the load is open, the voltage at both ends of the load will be too high, which may damage the load and the receiving end, so the control of the receiving end
  • the two switching tubes of the upper half bridge arm or the two switching tubes of the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier are closed, so that the load is bypassed, that is, no current flows through the load, so both ends of the load will not be turned on at the transmitting end.
  • the other half of the bridge arm of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the bridge arm, so there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the other half of the bridge arm when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting it when turning on.
  • the rectifier protects the receiving end.
  • the controller controls the two switching tubes of the upper half of the rectifier or the two switching tubes of the lower half of the rectifier to close, so that the load is bypassed. At this time, no current flows through the load, so the two switching tubes of the load are closed.
  • the terminal will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitter is turned off, so as to protect the load from damage when the transmitter is turned off.
  • the other half of the bridge arm of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the bridge arm. Therefore, the other half of the bridge arm will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitter is shut down, thus protecting it during shutdown. Rectifier.
  • the use of the wireless charging receiving end provided in the present application can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned on or off, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • the rectifier in the above embodiment includes two bridge arms, and the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of each bridge arm include a controllable switch tube as an example for description.
  • the working principle of the receiver controller when the rectifier includes two bridge arms, the two upper half bridge arms includes uncontrollable diodes, and the two lower half bridge arms include controllable switches will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system corresponding to another wireless charging receiving end provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • the transmitter of wireless charging includes a power supply, an inverter H1, a transmitter compensation network 100, a transmitter coil Lp, and a transmitter controller 101.
  • the receiving end of the wireless charging includes a receiving coil Ls, a receiving end compensation network 200, a rectifier H2, an output filter capacitor Co, a load, and a receiving end controller 201.
  • the transmitter and receiver of the wireless charging system have corresponding controllers respectively.
  • the receiver controller 201 controls the output voltage (or output current or output power) of the system, can generate the current reference signal of the transmitter coil, and controls the rectifier H2. The turn-on and turn-off of the controllable switch tube.
  • the transmitter controller 101 controls the current of the transmitter coil by controlling the on and off of the controllable switch tube of the inverter H1.
  • the receiving end generates a corresponding current at the input end of the rectifier according to the magnitude of the transmitting coil current, so that the receiving end performs phase lock according to the current.
  • the transmitter controller 101 and the receiver controller 201 transmit control signals through wireless communication. In practical applications, the receiving end can communicate through the wireless communication module of the receiving end and the wireless communication module of the transmitting end.
  • the rectifier H2 at the receiving end includes two bridge arms, and the upper half of each bridge arm includes an uncontrollable diode, and the lower half of each bridge arm includes a controllable switch tube.
  • the diode D1 is shown in the figure.
  • the diode D3 and the switch tube S4 are located on the same bridge arm as the switch tube S2.
  • the following specifically describes the control sequence of the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 by the controller of the receiving end during the startup and shutdown process of the receiving end.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the start-up process of the receiving end according to the third embodiment of the application.
  • the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 is a MOS tube and specifically an NMOS tube as an example for description.
  • the receiving end is turned on, that is, the receiving end changes from the "standby state” or the “off state” to the "charging state”.
  • the following takes the receiving end from the "standby state” to the "charging state” as an example for description.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the controllable switch S2 and S4 of the two lower half bridge arms of the rectifier H2 to be closed. At this time, the controller controls the controllable switch
  • the duty cycle of the driving signals of S2 and S4 is 100%, and the load is bypassed. Since no current flows through the load at this time, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load from damage.
  • D1 and D3 of the upper half bridge arm are bypassed, so no current flows through the upper half bridge arm. There will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the upper half bridge arm when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the rectifier. That is to protect the receiving end.
  • the auxiliary power supply at the receiving end is in working state, and the auxiliary power supply at the transmitting end is also in working state.
  • the receiving end controller 201 sends a charging request to the transmitting end through the receiving end wireless communication module, the transmitting end controller 101 receives the charging request through the transmitting end wireless communication module, and the wireless charging system transmitting end starts the charging process.
  • the receiving end controller 201 gradually reduces the duty cycle of the two switching tubes to the preset value, so that the wireless charging system enters the "charging state" To start charging the load.
  • the receiving end controller 201 Corresponding to the jump of the drive signals of S2 and S4 after the dotted line indicated by the arrow "receiving end starts charging" in the figure.
  • the first preset current value and the preset value of the duty cycle can be set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit it here.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the shutdown process of the receiving end provided in the third embodiment of the application.
  • the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 is a MOS tube and specifically an NMOS tube as an example for description.
  • the receiving end controller 201 sends a shutdown instruction to the transmitting end controller 101 through the wireless communication module, and the shutdown process Starting, the transmitting end gradually reduces the transmitting coil current to be less than the second preset current and greater than the first preset current.
  • the receiving end controller 201 starts to adjust the driving signal to the rectifier H2. Specifically, the receiving end controller 201 gradually increases the duty ratio of the driving signals of the two switch tubes S2 and S4 of the lower half bridge arm to 100% to keep the two lower tubes conducting at the same time. At this time, the load is bypassed and no current flows through the load. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned off, thereby protecting the load from damage. In addition, the two diodes D1 and D3 of the rectifier H2 are bypassed, so there is no current flowing through the diode. The two ends of the diode will not have too high voltage when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the rectifier, that is, protecting the receiver. end.
  • the transmitting end gradually reduces the current of the transmitting coil until it stops transmitting, that is, stops the power output. At this time, it corresponds to the arrow in the figure "S2 and S4 remain open.” S2 and S4 behind the dashed line maintain the high level state.
  • the rectifier at the receiving end provided in the embodiment of the present application includes two bridge arms, and the switch tubes of the upper half of the two bridge arms are all diodes, and the switch tubes of the lower half of the two bridge arms are all controllable switches. .
  • the receiving end controller controls the two switching tubes to be closed so that the load is bypassed, that is, no current flows through the load at this time, so there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitting end is turned on , And then protect the load from damage.
  • the two diodes of the rectifier are bypassed, so no current flows through the diodes, and the two ends of the diodes will not have excessively high voltage when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the rectifier when turning on, that is, protecting the receiving end. .
  • the receiving end controller controls the two switch tubes of the rectifier to be closed so that the load is bypassed. At this time, no current flows through the load, so there will be no excessively high voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitting end is shut down. Voltage to protect the load from damage when the transmitter is turned off.
  • the two diodes of the rectifier are also bypassed, so no current flows through the diodes, and there is no excessive voltage across the diodes when the transmitter is turned off, thereby protecting the rectifier.
  • the use of the wireless charging receiving end provided in the present application can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned on or off, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • the rectifiers in the above embodiments all include two bridge arms.
  • the working principle of the receiver controller when the rectifier includes only one bridge arm will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another wireless charging receiving end provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • the transmitter of wireless charging includes a power supply, an inverter H1, a transmitter compensation network 100, a transmitter coil Lp, and a transmitter controller 101.
  • the receiving end of the wireless charging includes a receiving coil Ls, a receiving end compensation network 200, a rectifier H2, an output filter capacitor Co, a load, and a receiving end controller 201.
  • the transmitter and receiver of the wireless charging system have corresponding controllers respectively.
  • the receiver controller 201 controls the output voltage (or output current or output power) of the system, can generate the current reference signal of the transmitter coil, and controls the rectifier H2. The turn-on and turn-off of the controllable switch tube.
  • the transmitter controller 101 controls the current of the transmitter coil by controlling the on and off of the controllable switch tube of the inverter H1.
  • the receiving end generates a corresponding current at the input end of the rectifier H2 according to the size of the transmitting coil current, so that the receiving end performs phase lock according to the current.
  • the transmitter controller 101 and the receiver controller 201 transmit control signals through wireless communication. In practical applications, the receiving end can communicate through the wireless communication module of the receiving end and the wireless communication module of the transmitting end.
  • the rectifier H2 at the receiving end includes a bridge arm, and both the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm include a controllable switch tube.
  • the upper half bridge arm includes the switch tube S1
  • the lower half bridge arm includes the switch tube S2 as an example.
  • the following specifically describes the control sequence of the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 by the receiving end controller during the startup and shutdown process of the receiving end.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the start-up process of the receiving end according to the fourth embodiment of the application.
  • the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 is a MOS tube and specifically an NMOS tube as an example for description.
  • the receiving end is turned on, that is, the receiving end changes from the "standby state” or the “off state” to the "charging state”.
  • the following takes the receiving end from the "standby state” to the "charging state” as an example for description.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the controllable switch S2 of the lower half of the rectifier H2 to close to bypass the load.
  • the drive signal of the controllable switch S2 The duty cycle of is 100%. Since no current flows through the load, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load from damage.
  • the drive signal of S2 before the dotted line indicated by the arrow “starting end of the transmitter” in the figure changes from low to high, and the drive signal of S2 is maintained at high level and the drive of S1 is maintained during the standby time. The signal is low.
  • the receiving end controller 201 gradually adjusts the driving signal of H2 of the rectifier. Specifically, the controller gradually reduces the duty cycle of the two switch tubes S1 and S2 to a preset value, so that the wireless charging system enters a "charging state" and starts to charge the load. Corresponding to the driving signals of S2 and S1 behind the dotted line indicated by the arrow of the "transmitter start completed" in the figure.
  • the first preset current value and the preset value of the duty cycle can be set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit it here.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the shutdown process of the receiving end according to the fourth embodiment of the application.
  • the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 is a MOS tube and specifically an NMOS tube as an example for description.
  • the receiving end controller 201 sends a shutdown instruction to the transmitting end controller through the wireless communication module, and the shutdown process starts ,
  • the transmitting end gradually reduces the transmitting coil current to be less than the second preset current and greater than the first preset current.
  • the receiving end controller 201 starts to adjust the driving signal to the rectifier H2. Specifically, the receiving end controller 201 gradually increases the duty cycle of the driving signals of the two switch tubes S2 and S4 until the duty cycle is 100%, and the driving signal of S2 is always at a high level, and the driving signal of S1 is always high. It is low level. That is, S2 remains always on, and S1 remains always off. At this time, the load is bypassed and no current flows through the load. Therefore, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is shut down, thereby protecting the load from damage. In addition, the switch tube S1 of the rectifier H2 is bypassed, and the two ends of S1 will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitting end is turned off, thereby protecting the rectifier, that is, protecting the receiving end.
  • the rectifier at the receiving end includes only one bridge arm, and both the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm include a controllable switch tube.
  • the controller at the receiving end controls the switching tube of the upper half of the rectifier to close, so that the load and another unclosed switching tube are bypassed. Therefore, the load and the rectifier can be prevented from being over-voltage when the receiving end is turned on. High and damaged.
  • the controller at the receiving end controls the switching tube of the lower half of the rectifier to close, so that the load and another unclosed switching tube are bypassed. Therefore, the load and the rectifier can be prevented from being over-voltage when the receiving end is shut down. High and damaged.
  • the use of the wireless charging receiving end provided in the present application can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned on or off, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • the above embodiments illustrate the working principle of the receiving end controller when the rectifier includes only one bridge arm and the upper and lower half bridge arms include a controllable switch tube.
  • the upper half of the bridge arm includes a diode and the lower half of the bridge arm includes a controllable switch as an example for description.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system corresponding to another wireless charging receiving end provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • the transmitter of wireless charging includes a power supply, an inverter H1, a transmitter compensation network 100, a transmitter coil Lp, and a transmitter controller 101.
  • the receiving end of the wireless charging includes a receiving coil Ls, a receiving end compensation network 200, a rectifier H2, an output filter capacitor Co, a load, and a receiving end controller 201.
  • the transmitter and receiver of the wireless charging system have corresponding controllers respectively.
  • the receiver controller 201 controls the output voltage (or output current or output power) of the system, can generate the current reference signal of the transmitter coil, and controls the rectifier H2. The turn-on and turn-off of the controllable switch tube.
  • the transmitter controller 101 controls the current of the transmitter coil by controlling the on and off of the controllable switch tube of the inverter H1.
  • the receiving end generates a corresponding current at the input end of the rectifier according to the magnitude of the transmitting coil current, so that the receiving end performs phase lock according to the current.
  • the transmitter controller 101 and the receiver controller 201 transmit control signals through wireless communication. In practical applications, the receiving end can communicate through the wireless communication module of the receiving end and the wireless communication module of the transmitting end.
  • the rectifier H2 at the receiving end includes a bridge arm, and the upper half bridge arm includes a diode D1, and the lower half bridge arm includes a controllable switch S2.
  • the following specifically describes the control sequence of the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 by the controller of the receiving end during the startup and shutdown process of the receiving end.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the startup process of the receiving end according to the fifth embodiment of the application.
  • the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 is a MOS tube and specifically an NMOS tube as an example for description.
  • the receiving end is turned on, that is, the receiving end transitions from "standby state” or “off state” to “charging state”.
  • the following takes the transition from "standby state” to "charging state” of the receiving end as an example.
  • the receiving end controller 201 controls the controllable switch S2 of the lower half of the rectifier H2 to close to bypass the load.
  • the drive signal of the controllable switch S2 The duty cycle is 100%. No current flows through the load, so there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load from damage.
  • the diode D1 of the upper half bridge arm is bypassed, so no current flows through the upper half bridge arm. There will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the diode D1 when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the rectifier.
  • the drive signal of S2 before the dotted line indicated by the arrow “starting end of the transmitter is completed” in the figure changes from low to high, and the drive signal of S2 is maintained at high level during the standby time.
  • the receiving end controller 201 gradually adjusts the driving signal of H2 of the rectifier. Specifically, the controller gradually reduces the duty cycle of the driving signal of the switch tube S1 to a preset value so that the wireless charging system enters a "charging state" and starts to charge the load. Corresponding to the driving signal of S2 behind the dotted line indicated by the arrow in the "transmitter start complete" in the figure.
  • the first preset current value and the preset value of the duty cycle can be set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit it here.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the control sequence of the rectifier and the controllable switch during the shutdown process of the receiving end according to the fifth embodiment of the application.
  • the controllable switch tube of the rectifier H2 is a MOS tube and specifically an NMOS tube as an example for description.
  • the receiving end controller sends a shutdown instruction to the transmitter controller 101 through the wireless communication module 201 to shut down The process starts, and the transmitting end gradually reduces the transmitting coil current to less than the second preset current and greater than the first preset current.
  • the receiving end controller 201 starts to adjust the driving signal to the rectifier H2. Specifically, the receiving end controller 201 gradually increases the duty ratio of the driving signal of the switching tube S2 until the duty is 100%, and the driving signal for controlling S2 is always at a high level. At this time, S2 remains in the always-on state, the load is bypassed, and no current flows through the load, so there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned off, thereby protecting the load from damage. In addition, the diode D1 of the rectifier is bypassed, and the two ends of D1 will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitting end is turned off, thereby protecting the rectifier, that is, protecting the receiving end.
  • the rectifier at the receiving end provided in the embodiment of the present application only includes one bridge arm and the bridge arm includes a controllable switch tube and a diode.
  • the controller at the receiving end controls the switch tube of the lower half of the rectifier to close so that the load and diode are bypassed. Therefore, the load and rectifier can be prevented from being damaged due to excessive voltage when the receiving end is turned on.
  • the controller at the receiving end controls the switch tube of the lower half of the rectifier to close so that the load and diode are bypassed. Therefore, the load and the rectifier can be prevented from being damaged due to excessive voltage when the receiving end is shut down.
  • the use of the wireless charging receiving end provided in the present application can protect the receiving end and the load from damage when the receiving end is turned on or off, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a wireless charging system, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the wireless charging system 1900 includes: a wireless charging receiving terminal 1000a and a wireless charging transmitting terminal 1001a.
  • the transmitting terminal 1001a of the wireless charging includes at least: an inverter H1, a transmitting coil Lp, a compensation network 100 of the transmitting terminal, and a transmitting terminal controller 101.
  • the inverter H1 inverts the direct current output by the direct current power supply into alternating current.
  • the compensation network 100 at the transmitting end compensates the alternating current and sends it to the transmitting coil Lp.
  • the transmitting coil Lp transmits the compensated alternating current in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the transmitter controller 101 controls the closing of the controllable switch tube of the inverter H1, so that the transmitter coil Lp generates the transmission current required by the receiver, and is also used to receive the startup request or shutdown request sent by the receiver controller 201, or to The receiving end controller 201 sends a power-on request or a power-off request.
  • the receiving end 1000a of wireless charging is used to receive the alternating magnetic field emitted by the transmitting end 1001a of wireless charging, and convert the alternating magnetic field into direct current to provide to the load.
  • the receiving end 1000a of wireless charging includes: receiving coil Ls, rectifier H2 and receiving end Controller 201.
  • the receiving coil Ls receives the electromagnetic energy emitted by the transmitting coil Lp in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the receiving end compensation network 200 compensates the alternating current and sends it to the rectifier H2.
  • the rectifier H2 rectifies the alternating current output by the receiving coil Ls into direct current and outputs it to the load.
  • the compensation network 200 is a compensation circuit with current source characteristics, so that the receiving coil Ls and the compensation network 200 make the input end of the rectifier H2 a constant current source under the joint action of the transmitting end.
  • the transmitting end controller 101 Since the receiving end needs to monitor the current of the transmitting coil when it is turned on and off, the transmitting end controller 101 is required to send the current of the transmitting coil Lp to the receiving end controller 201. It can be understood that the transmitting end controller 101 The communication with the receiving-end controller 201 is performed wirelessly, and the specific communication mode is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the rectifier H2 at the receiving end of the wireless charging can be any of the rectifiers provided in the above receiving end embodiments, including: the rectifier includes two bridge arms, and the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of each bridge arm are both It is a controllable switching tube; or, the rectifier includes two bridge arms, the two upper half bridge arms include uncontrollable diodes, and the two lower half bridge arms include controllable switching tubes; or, the rectifier includes only one bridge arm and the upper half Both the bridge arm and the lower half of the bridge arm include a controllable switch tube; or, the rectifier includes only one bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm includes a controllable switch tube and the upper bridge arm includes a diode.
  • the wireless charging system can be applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 2, that is, the load of the receiving end of wireless charging may be an electric vehicle, the receiving end of wireless charging may be located on the electric vehicle, and the transmitting end of wireless charging may be located at a wireless charging station.
  • the wireless charging system includes the wireless charging receiving end provided in the above embodiments.
  • the controller of the receiving end controls the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm or the switch of the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier
  • the tube is closed so that the load is bypassed.
  • no current flows through the load so there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting the load from damage.
  • the other half of the bridge arm of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the bridge arm. Therefore, the other half of the bridge arm will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitter is turned on, thereby protecting it during startup.
  • the rectifier protects the receiving end.
  • the controller controls the switch tube of the upper half of the rectifier or the switch of the lower half of the rectifier to close, so that the load is bypassed. At this time, no current flows through the load, so the two ends of the load will not be There is an excessively high voltage when the transmitter is turned off, so as to protect the load from damage when the transmitter is turned off.
  • the other half of the rectifier is bypassed, so no current flows through the other half of the rectifier. Therefore, the other half of the bridge will not have an excessively high voltage when the transmitter is turned off, thereby protecting it during shutdown. If the rectifier is installed, the receiving end is protected. The controller then controls the receiving end to enter the shutdown state.
  • the wireless charging system provided by the embodiments of the present application can realize a smooth transition when the receiving end is turned on or off, ensuring that the control sequence of the wireless charging system is normal during the on-off process, and protecting the receiving end and the load. Damage, thereby improving the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for controlling the wireless charging receiving end, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the wireless charging control method provided in this embodiment is applied to the receiving end of wireless charging.
  • the receiving end includes: receiving coil, compensation network and rectifier.
  • the method includes:
  • the switch tube of the control rectifier When the receiving end is turned on, the switch tube of the control rectifier is closed so that the load is bypassed, and then the receiving end is controlled to start work;
  • the switch tube of the control rectifier is closed so that the load is bypassed, and then the receiving end is controlled to enter the shutdown state.
  • the switch tube is the switch tube of the upper half bridge arm or the switch tube of the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart of a method for turning on a wireless charging receiving terminal according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the purpose of bypassing the load is to prevent current from flowing through the load. Therefore, even if the load is disconnected, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned on, so as to protect the load from damage when the transmitter is turned on.
  • controlling the rectifier to perform normal operation means that the rectifier starts to perform rectification. At this time, the transmitting end performs power transmission normally, and the rectifier rectifies the alternating current into direct current to charge the load.
  • the following describes the process of controlling the shutdown of the receiving end.
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a method for shutting down a wireless charging receiving terminal according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the purpose of bypassing the load is to prevent current from flowing through the load. Therefore, even if the load is disconnected, there will be no excessive voltage at both ends of the load when the transmitter is turned off, so as to protect the load from damage when the transmitter is turned on.
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, and the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of the two bridge arms are controllable switch tubes.
  • the controlling the switch tube of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to start working specifically includes:
  • the switching tubes of the upper half of the bridge arm of the rectifier are all closed or the switching tubes of the lower half of the bridge arm are closed, so that the load is bypassed; determining the transmission coil of the transmitting end
  • the phase shift angle between the two bridge arms is controlled to gradually increase to a preset value, and the switching tubes of the upper half bridge arm are controlled to be complementary to those of the lower half bridge arm. Turn on, and then control the receiving end to start working.
  • Said controlling the switch tube of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to shut down specifically includes:
  • the second type is the first type:
  • the rectifier includes two bridge arms, and the switch tubes of the upper half of the two bridge arms are all diodes, and the switch tubes of the lower half of the two bridge arms are all controllable switch tubes.
  • the controlling the switch tube of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to start working specifically includes:
  • controllable switch tubes When the controllable switch tubes are controlled to be closed, and when it is determined that the current of the transmitting coil of the transmitting end is greater than the first preset current, the duty ratio of the drive signals of the controllable switch tubes that control the two bridge arms is gradually reduced to Preset value, and then control the receiving end to start work.
  • Said controlling the switch tube of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to shut down specifically includes:
  • the controller controls the duty cycle of the drive signals of the controllable switch tubes of the two bridge arms to gradually increase Until the controllable switch tubes are all closed, and then control the receiving end to shut down.
  • the third type is the third type.
  • the rectifier includes a bridge arm, and the switch tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of the bridge arm are both controllable switch tubes.
  • the controlling the switch tube of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to start working specifically includes:
  • Said controlling the switch tube of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to shut down specifically includes:
  • the switch tube of the lower half bridge arm of the rectifier is controlled to close, so that the load is bypassed, and then the control is controlled.
  • the receiving end enters shutdown.
  • the fourth type is the fourth type.
  • the rectifier includes a bridge arm, the lower half of the bridge arm is a controllable switch tube, and the upper half of the bridge arm is a diode;
  • the controlling the switch tube of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to start working specifically includes:
  • the switch state of the controllable switch tube is controlled with a preset duty ratio.
  • the controlling the switch tube of the rectifier to close so that the load is bypassed, and then controlling the receiving end to enter the shutdown state specifically includes:
  • the controller controls the controllable switch tube to close, so that the load is bypassed, and then controls the The receiving end enters the shutdown state.
  • Applying the power-on method or power-off method of the receiving end provided in the above embodiments of the present application can protect the receiving end when the load is open during startup or shutdown, because the input end of the rectifier is an equivalent current source, and the characteristic of the current source is that the load cannot be open. Therefore, when the application is switched on or off, the load is bypassed by controlling the controllable switch in the rectifier, thereby realizing the protection of the receiving end.
  • At least one (item) refers to one or more, and “multiple” refers to two or more.
  • “And/or” is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three types of relationships, for example, “A and/or B” can mean: only A, only B, and both A and B , Where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an “or” relationship.
  • the following at least one item (a) or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (a) or a plurality of items (a).
  • At least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c" ", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种无线充电的接收端（1000a）、系统及控制方法，涉及无线充电技术领域。该接收端（1000a）的接收线圈（Ls）将发射端（1001a）发射的交变磁场转换为交流电输送给补偿网络（200）；补偿网络（200）对交流电进行补偿后输送给整流器（H2）；整流器（H2）将补偿后的交流电整流为直流电提供给负载；所述补偿网络（200）为具有电流源特性的补偿电路，以使所述接收线圈（Ls）和补偿网络（200）在所述发射端（1001a）的共同作用下使所述整流器（H2）的输入端为恒流源；接收端控制器（201）在接收端（1000a）开机时，通过控制整流器（H2）中的开关管闭合以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端（1000a）启动工作；或在接收端（1000a）关机时，通过控制整流器（H2）的开关管闭合以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端（1000a）进入关机状态。利用该接收端（1000a）能够在接收端（1000a）开机或关机时保护接收端（1000a）和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。

Description

一种无线充电的接收端、系统及控制方法
本申请要求于2019年10月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为2019110470006、发明名称为“一种无线充电的接收端、系统及控制方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及无线充电技术领域，尤其涉及一种无线充电的接收端、系统及控制方法。
背景技术
随着现代社会能源短缺和环境污染问题的加剧，电动汽车作为新能源汽车受到了各界的广泛关注。电动汽车以车载动力电池组为能源来驱动车辆行驶。
电动汽车的充电方式目前包括接触式充电和无线充电，而无线充电方式由于使用方便，无火花以及触电危险，因此无线充电成为未来电动汽车的发展方向。
下面结合附图1介绍无线充电系统的工作原理。
参见图1，该图为一种无线充电系统的示意图。
无线充电系统包括无线充电的发射端(以下简称发射端)和无线充电的接收端(以下简称接收端)。通常，发射端位于地面，接收端位于车辆上。
其中，发射端包括：逆变器H1、发射端补偿网络100和发射线圈Lp。
以逆变器H1为全桥逆变器为例，逆变器H1可以包括四个可控开关管，分别为Q1-Q4，逆变器H1将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电。
发射端补偿网络100将逆变器H1输出的交流电进行补偿后输送给发射线圈Lp。
发射线圈Lp将发射端补偿网络100补偿后的交流电以交变磁场的形式发射。
接收端包括：接收线圈Ls、接收端补偿网络200和整流器H2。
接收线圈Ls以交变磁场的形式接收发射线圈Lp发射的电磁能量。
接收端补偿网络200将接收线圈Ls接收的交流电进行补偿后输送给整流器H2。
以整流器H2为全桥整流器为例，整流器H2可以包括四个可控开关管，分别为S1-S4。整流器H2将接收的交流电整流为直流电以给负载进行充电。对于电动汽车来说，负载为车载动力电池组。
发射端控制器101对逆变器H1的可控开关管进行控制，接收端控制器201对整流器H2的可控开关管进行控制，接收端的无线通信模块400与发射端的无线通信模块300进行无线通信，无线通信的速度比发射端和接收端的开关管的开关速度慢。因此当接收端的整流器中的可控开关管的控制时序出现问题时，可能导致接收端损坏或者负载损坏。
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题，本申请提供一种无线充电的接收端、系统及控制方法，能够在接收端开机或关机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种无线充电的接收端，包括：接收线圈、补偿网络、 整流器和控制器。接收线圈用于将发射端发射的交变磁场转换为交流电输送给补偿网络；补偿网络对交流电进行补偿后输送给整流器；整流器将补偿后的交流电整流为直流电提供给负载；所述补偿网络为具有电流源特性的补偿电路，以使所述接收线圈和补偿网络在所述发射端的共同作用下使所述整流器的输入端为恒流源。控制器用于在接收端开机时，通过控制整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端启动工作；或在接收端关机时，通过控制整流器的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，控制器具体用于在接收端开机时，通过控制整流器中的第一部分开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路；在接收端关机时，通过控制整流器中的第二部分开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路.第一部分开关管为整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管,第二部分开关管为整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管。
在接收端开机时，该接收端控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压。在接收端关机时，控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载。因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端关机时损坏。此外，还将整流器另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过整流器的另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而在接收端关机时保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。
结合第一方面以及以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括两个桥臂，且两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。在接收端开机时，控制器控制所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使负载被旁路；确定发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐增大到预设值，且控制上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通，再控制所述接收端启动工作。
因此当整流器为全桥整流器且两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管时，能够在接收端开机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
结合第一方面以及以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括两个桥臂，且两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。在接收端关机时，确定发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制器控制两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐减小，直至整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
因此当整流器为全桥整流器且两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管时，能够在接收端关机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系 统的安全性。
结合第一方面以及以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括两个桥臂，两个桥臂的上半桥臂的开关管均为二极管，两个桥臂的下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。在接收端开机时，控制器控制可控开关管均闭合，确定发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号的占空比逐渐减小到预设值，再控制接收端启动工作。
因此能够在开机时使负载两端不会存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏，此外，还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路，另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而在开机时保护了整流器，能够在接收端开机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
结合第一方面以及以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括两个桥臂，两个桥臂的上半桥臂的开关管均为二极管，两个桥臂的下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管，在接收端关机时，确定发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制器控制两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号的占空比逐渐增大，直至可控开关管均闭合，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
因此在接收端关机时能够使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端关机时损坏。此外，还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而在关机时保护了整流器。
结合第一方面以及以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，整流器还可以包括一个桥臂，桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。在接收端开机时，控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管闭合或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，确定发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通。
因此当接收端开机时，能够使负载和另一个未闭合的开关管被旁路，进而避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
结合第一方面以及以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，整流器还可以包括一个桥臂，桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。在接收端关机时，确定发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制器控制整流器的下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
因此在接收端关机时，能够使负载和另一个未闭合的开关管被旁路，进而避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
结合第一方面以及以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括一个桥臂，桥臂的下半桥臂为可控开关管，桥臂的上半桥臂为二极管。在接收端开机时，控制器控制整流器的可控开关管闭合，确定发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，以预设占空比控制可控开关管的开关状态。
因此当接收端开机时，能够使负载和二极管被旁路，进而避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
结合第一方面以及以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第九种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括一个桥臂，桥臂的下半桥臂为可控开关管，桥臂的上半桥臂为二极管。在接收端关机时，确定发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制器控制可控开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
因此在接收端关机时，能够使负载和二极管被旁路，进而能够避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种无线充电的系统，该系统包括：发射端和以上任一种实现方式所述的接收端。所述发射端包括：逆变器、发射端补偿网络、发射线圈和发射端控制器。逆变器用于将直流电逆变为交流电输送给发射端补偿网络；发射端补偿网络用于将交流电补偿后输送给发射线圈；发射线圈将补偿后的交流电以交变磁场的形式进行发射；发射端控制器控制逆变器的可控开关管的闭合，以使发射线圈产生接收端需要的发射电流，还用于接收接收端的控制器发送的开机请求或关机请求，或者向接收端控制器发送开机请求或关机请求。
由于该无线充电系统包括了以上实施例提供的无线充电的接收端，因此能够在接收端开机或关机时实现平稳的转换，确保了无线充电系统开关机过程中的控制时序正常，保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
结合第二方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，发射端控制器还用于将发射线圈的电流发送给接收端的控制器。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种无线充电的控制方法，应用于无线充电的接收端；所述接收端包括：接收线圈、补偿网络和整流器。所述补偿网络为具有电流源特性的补偿电路，以使所述接收线圈和补偿网络在所述发射端的共同作用下使所述整流器的输入端为恒流源。该方法包括：
在接收端开机时，通过控制整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端启动工作；
或，
在接收端关机时，通过控制整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
利用该控制方法，能够在接收端开机或关机时实现平稳的转换，确保无线充电系统开关机过程中的控制时序正常，保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
结合第三方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，在接收端开机时，通过控制整流器中的第一部分开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路；在接收端关机时，通过控制整流器中的第二部分开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路；第一部分开关管为整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管；第二部分开关管为整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管。
结合第三方面和以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括两个桥臂，且两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。所述通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端启动工作，具体包括：在接收端开机时，控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使负载被旁路；确定发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐增大到预设值，且控制上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通，再控制接收端启动工作。
因此当整流器为全桥整流器且两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管时，能够在接收端开机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
结合第三方面和以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括两个桥臂，且两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管是，所述通过控制整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态，具体包括：确定发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐减小，直至整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
因此当整流器为全桥整流器且两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管时，能够在接收端关机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
结合第三方面和以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括两个桥臂，且两个桥臂的上半桥臂的开关管均为二极管，两个桥臂的下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。所述通过控制整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端启动工作，具体包括：控制可控开关管均闭合，确定发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号的占空比逐渐减小到预设值，再控制接收端启动工作。
因此能够在开机时使负载两端不会存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏，此外，还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路，另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而在开机时保护了整流器，能够在接收端开机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
结合第三方面和以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括两个桥臂，且两个桥臂的上半桥臂的开关管均为二极管时，所述通过控制整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态，具体包括：确定发射端的发射线圈的功率电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制器控制两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号占空比逐渐增大，直至可控开关管均闭合，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
因此在接收端关机时能够使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端关机时损坏。此外， 还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而在关机时保护了整流器。
结合第三方面和以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括一个桥臂，桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。所述通过控制整流器中的开关管均闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端启动工作，具体包括：控制整流器的下半桥臂的开关管闭合，确定发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通，再控制接收端启动工作。
因此当接收端开机时，能够使负载和另一个未闭合的开关管被旁路，进而避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
结合第三方面和以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括一个桥臂，桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管时，通过控制整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态，具体包括：确定发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制整流器的下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
因此在接收端关机时，能够使负载和另一个未闭合的开关管被旁路，进而避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
结合第三方面和以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括一个桥臂，桥臂的下半桥臂为可控开关管，桥臂的上半桥臂为二极管。所述通过控制整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端启动工作，具体包括：控制整流器的所述可控开关管闭合，确定发射端的线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，以预设占空比控制可控开关管的开关状态。
因此当接收端开机时，能够使负载和二极管被旁路，进而避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
结合第三方面和以上任意一种可能的实现方式，在第九种可能的实现方式中，整流器包括一个桥臂，桥臂的下半桥臂为可控开关管，桥臂的上半桥臂为二极管时，所述通过控制整流器中的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态，具体包括：确定发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，所述控制器控制所述可控开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
因此在接收端关机时，能够使负载和二极管被旁路，进而能够避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
本申请至少具有以下优点：
本申请提供的无线充电的接收端开机时，由于无线充电的发射端、接收线圈和接收端的补偿网络能够等效为电流源，当负载开路时会引起负载两端电压过高进而可能损坏负载和接收端，因此接收端的控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，即此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将整流器另一半桥臂旁 路，例如当控制整流器的上半桥臂开关管闭合时，将整流器的下半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。
在接收端关机时，控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无论负载是否处于开路状态，均无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端关机时损坏，此外，还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。控制器然后控制接收端进入关机状态。
综上所述，利用本申请提供的无线充电的接收端，能够在接收端开机或关机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
附图说明
图1为一种无线充电系统的示意图；
图2为本申请提供的电动汽车无线充电系统的示意图；
图3为图2提供的电动汽车无线充电系统的结构示意图；
图4a为本申请提供的LCC型补偿网络的示意图；
图4b为本申请提供的LC型补偿网络的示意图；
图4c为本申请提供的P型补偿网络的示意图；
图4d为本申请提供的S型补偿网络的示意图；
图5为本申请提供的输出呈电流源型的无线充电系统的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例一提供的一种无线充电的接收端对应的无线充电系统的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例二提供的另一种无线充电的接收端对应的无线充电系统的示意图；
图8为本申请实施例二提供的接收端开机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图；
图9为本申请实施例二提供的接收端关机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图；
图10为本申请实施例三提供又一种无线充电的接收端对应的无线充电系统的示意图；
图11为本申请实施例三提供的接收端开机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图；
图12为本申请实施例三提供的接收端关机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图；
图13为本申请实施例四提供再一种无线充电的接收端对应的无线充电系统的示意图；
图14为本申请实施例四提供的接收端开机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序 的示意图；
图15为本申请实施例四提供的接收端关机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图；
图16为本申请实施例五提供另一种无线充电的接收端对应的无线充电系统的示意图；
图17为本申请实施例五提供的接收端开机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图；
图18为本申请实施例五提供的接收端关机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电系统的示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电接收端的开机方法的流程图；
图21为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电接收端的关机方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例提供的技术方案，下面先介绍无线充电发射装置的应用场景。
本申请提供的无线充电的接收端，通过接收线圈无线感应发射端发送的交变磁场并转换为直流电给负载充电，当无线充电的接收端和无线充电的发射端应用于电动汽车领域时，发射端可以位于地面，接收端可以位于电动汽车上，接收端为电动汽车的车载动力电池组进行充电。
参见图2，该图为本申请提供的电动汽车无线充电系统的示意图。
该无线充电系统至少可以包括：电动汽车1000和无线充电站1001。
无线充电的接收端1000a位于电动汽车1000上，无线充电的发射端1001a位于地面的无线充电站1001。
目前，无线充电系统的充电过程是无线充电的接收端1000a和无线充电的发射端1001a通过无线形式来完成电能的传递，给动力电池组充电。
无线充电站1001具体可以为固定无线充电站、固定无线充电停车位或无线充电道路等。无线充电的发射端1001a可以设置在地面上或者埋于地面下(图中所示为无线充电的发射端1001a埋于地面下的情况)。
无线充电的接收端1000a可以集成在电动汽车1000的底部，当电动汽车1000进入无线充电的发射端1001a的无线充电范围时，即可通过无线充电方式对电动汽车1000进行充电。无线充电的接收端1000a的功率接收模块和整流电路可以集成在一起，也可以分离，本申请对此不作具体限定，当功率接收模块和整流电路分离时，整流电路中的整流器通常放在车内。
无线充电的发射端1001a的功率发射模块和逆变器可以集成在一起，也可以分离，此外，非接触式充电可以是无线充电的接收端1000a和无线充电的发射端1001a通过电场或磁场耦合方式进行能量传输，具体可为电场感应、磁感应、磁共振或无线辐射等方式，本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。电动汽车1000和无线充电站1001还可以 双向充电，即无线充电站1001通过充电电源向电动汽车1000充电，也可以由电动汽车1000向充电电源放电。
参见图3，该图为图2提供的电动汽车无线充电系统的结构示意图。
该图示出的无线充电的发射端1001a包括：发射变换模块1001a1、功率发射天线1001a2、发射控制模块1001a3、通讯模块1001a4、认证管理模块1001a5和存储模块1001a6。
无线充电的接收端1000a包括：功率接收模块1000a2、接收控制模块1000a3、接收变换模块1000a1、车辆通讯模块1000a4、储能管理模块1000a5和储能模块1000a6。此外，接收变换模块1000a1可以通过储能管理模块1000a5和储能模块1000a6连接，接收到的能量用于对储能模块1000a6充电，进一步用于电动汽车的驱动。储能管理模块1000a5和储能模块1000a6可以位于无线充电的接收端1000a的内部，也可以位于无线充电接收端1000a外部，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。功率接收模块1000a2包括接收线圈。
发射变换模块1001a1可以与外部电源连接，将从外部电源中获取的交流电或直流电转换为高频交流电，当外部电源的输入为交流电时，发射变换模块1001a1至少包括功率因数校正单元和逆变器；当外部电源的输入为直流电时，发射变换模块1001a1至少包括逆变器。其中，功率因数校正单元用于使无线充电系统的输入电流相位与电网电压相位一致，减小无线充电系统的谐波含量，提高功率因数值，以减少无线充电系统对电网的污染，提高可靠性。功率因数校正单元还可根据后级需求，升高或者降低功率因数校正单元的输出电压。逆变器将功率因数校正单元输出的电压转换成高频交流电压后作用在功率发射模块1001a2上，高频交流电压可以提高发射效率及传输距离。外部电源可以位于无线充电的发射端1001a内部或外部。
功率发射模块1001a2用于将发射变换模块1001a1输出的交流电以交变磁场的形式进行发射。功率发射模块1001a2包括发射线圈。
发射控制模块1001a3可以根据实际无线充电的发射功率需求，控制发射变换模块1001a1的电压、电流和频率变换参数调节，以控制功率发射模块1001a2中高频交流电的电压和电流输出调节。
通讯模块1001a4和车辆通讯模块1000a4实现无线充电的发射端1001a和无线充电的接收端1000a之间的无线通讯，包括功率控制信息、故障保护信息、开关机信息、交互认证信息等。一方面，无线充电的发射端1001a可以接收无线充电的接收端1000a发送的电动汽车的属性信息、充电请求和交互认证信息等信息；另一方面，无线充电的发射端1001a还可向无线充电的接收端1000a发送无线充电发射控制信息、交互认证信息、无线充电历史数据信息等。具体地，上述无线通讯的方式可以包括但不仅限于蓝牙(Bluetooth)、无线宽带(WIreless-Fidelity，WiFi)、紫蜂协议(Zigbee)、射频识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)、远程(Long Range，Lora)无线技术、近距离无线通信技术(Near Field Communication，NFC)中的任意一种或多种的组合。进一步地，通讯模块1001a4还可以与电动汽车的所属用户的智能终端进行通讯， 所属用户通过通讯功能实现远程认证和用户信息传输。
认证管理模块1001a5用于无线充电系统中无线充电的发射端1001a与电动汽车的交互认证和权限管理。
存储模块1001a6用于存储无线充电的发射端1001a的充电过程数据、交互认证数据(例如交互认证信息)和权限管理数据(例如权限管理信息)等，其中，交互认证数据和权限管理数据可为出厂设置也可为用户自行设置的，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。
功率接收模块1000a2以交变磁场的形式接收功率发射模块1001a2发射的电磁能量。无线充电系统中的功率发射模块1001a2和功率接收模块1000a2的补偿电路的结构组合形式有S-S型、P-P型、S-P型、P-S型、LCL-LCL型、LCL-P型和LCC-LCC型等，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。无线充电的发射端1001a和无线充电的接收端1000a可以功能互换，即无线充电的接收端1000a也可以反过来给无线充电的发射端1001a充电。
接收变换模块1000a1将功率接收模块1000a2接收的电磁能量转换成为储能模块1000a6充电所需要的直流电。接收变换模块1000a1至少包括补偿电路和整流器，其中整流器将功率接收模块接收的高频谐振电流和电压转换成直流电。
接收控制模块1000a3能够根据实际无线充电的接收功率需求，调节接收变换模块1000a1的电压、电流和频率等参数。
无线充电系统的输出特性可以呈电流源特性或电压源特性，主要由发射端和接收端的补偿网络共同决定。
具体参见图4a-图4d所示的各种补偿网络的结构示意图。
以图4a-图4d所示的发射端的补偿网络为例，各图中的Lp为发射线圈。
图4a中L1、C1和Cp形成LCC型补偿网络。
图4b中L1和C1形成LC型补偿网络。
图4c中C1和Lp是并联结构(Parallel)，形成P型补偿网络。
图4d中Cp和Lp是串联结构(Series)，形成S型补偿网络。
接收端的补偿网络与发射端的类似，通常发射端和接收端的补偿网络是对称结构，在此不再赘述。常用的能够使无线充电系统的输出呈电流源特性的发射端和接收端的补偿网络与线圈的组合包括：LCCL-LCCL，LCL-LCL，LCCL-LCL，LCL-LCCL，LCCL-P，LCL-P和S-S等。以LCCL-LCCL为例，第一个LCCL是发射端的补偿网络和发射线圈的组合，第二个LCCL是接收端的补偿网络和接收线圈的组合。
参见图5，该图为本申请提供的输出呈电流源型的无线充电系统的示意图。
无线充电的发射端、接收线圈Ls和接收端的补偿网络200相当于等效电流源，整流器H2和负载相当于电流源的等效负载R，无线充电系统的等效电路如图5所示。
当无线充电系统的输出呈电流源型时，等效负载R两端的电压只与等效电流源的电流大小i有关。当等效电流源的电流i确定时，等效负载两端的电压U＝i×R。等效电流源的特性是输出电流的大小不会随着负载的变化而变化，因此要求负载不能开路。 这是因为当负载处于开路时，等效负载R很大，会造成等效负载两端的电压U远大于正常值，进而损坏负载和接收端，甚至导致接收端炸机。
为了解决以上技术问题，本申请提供了一种无线充电的接收端，在接收端开机时，该接收端的控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无论负载是否处于开路状态，均无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过整流器另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器。控制器然后控制接收端启动工作以进行无线充电。在接收端关机时，控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无论负载是否处于开路状态，均无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端关机时损坏。此外，还将整流器另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器控制器。然后控制接收端进入关机。
综上所述，利用本申请提供的无线充电的接收端，能够在接收端开机或关机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述。可以理解的是，以下实施例中的“第一”和“第二”等词语仅是为了方便解释说明，并不构成对于本申请的限定。
接收端实施例一：
本申请实施例提供了一种无线充电的接收端，下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图6，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电的接收端对应的无线充电系统的示意图。
无线充电的接收端包括：接收线圈Ls、接收端补偿网络200(以下简称补偿网络200)、整流器H2和接收端控制器201。
接收线圈Ls将发射端发射的交变磁场转换为交流电输送给补偿网络200。
补偿网络200对交流电进行补偿后输送给整流器H2。
整流器H2将补偿后的交流电整流为直流电提供给负载。
其中，补偿网络为具有电流源特性的补偿电路，补偿网络200的电流源特性决定了整流器的输入电流为与所述发射端的逆变器输出电压成正比。补偿网络200的电流源特性使接收线圈Ls和补偿网络200在发射端的共同作用下使整流器H2的输入端为恒流源，发射端补偿网络100和接收端补偿网络200可以采用以上的补偿网络，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。整流器H2和负载形成等效负载，因此输入整流器H2的电流i与等效负载的阻抗无关。
无线充电系统包括“关机状态”、“待机状态”和“充电状态”三个状态。从“待机状态”或者“关机状态”向“充电状态”转换，称为开机过程。从“充电状态”向“待机状态”或者“关机状态”转换，本申请以下说明中将该过程称为关机过程。可以理解的是，实际应用中， 接收端由“关机状态”向“充电状态”转换时，可以先由“关机状态”向“待机状态”转换，再由“待机状态”向“充电状态”转换。
从“充电状态”向“待机状态”转换是正常关机，当接收端的辅助电源(图中未示出)掉电时，辅助电源无法给控制器提充电源，该情况下需要由“充电状态”或者“待机状态”进入“关机状态”。
为了防止负载开路时引起负载两端电压过高进而损坏负载和接收端，本申请通过接收端控制器201控制整流器的开关管在接收端开机或接收端关机时旁路接收端的负载，下面具体说明控制器的工作原理。
在接收端开机时，接收端控制器201控制整流器H2的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，其中，控制的开关管为整流器H2的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管。接收端控制器201通过向整流器H2的各开关管发送PWM(Pulse width modulation，脉冲宽度调制)信号作为驱动信号以实现对各开关管的控制。
其中，整流器H2可以为全桥整流器，也可以为半桥整流器，当整流器H2为全桥整流器时，包括两个桥臂，因此对应包括两个上半桥臂和两个下半桥臂。当整流器H2为半桥整理器时，包括一个桥臂，因此对应包括一个上半桥臂和一个下半桥臂。
以图1所示整流器H2包括四个可控开关管S1-S4为例，接收端控制器201可以控制上半桥臂的开关管S1和S3闭合，或者控制下半桥臂的开关管S2和S4闭合，此时负载被旁路，补偿网络200的输出端被短路，无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载和接收端不会损坏。
接收端开机时，当整流器H2的两个上半桥臂均包括可控开关管时，接收端控制器201需要控制两个上半桥臂的可控开关管同时闭合，实现同时闭合只要保持两个可控开关管的驱动信号同步即可。同理，当整流器H2的两个下半桥臂均包括可控开关管时，接收端控制器201控制两个下半桥臂的可控开关管同时闭合，只要保持两个可控开关管的驱动信号同步即可。
当接收端控制器201确认整流器H2的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合后，再控制接收端启动工作，即控制整流器H2进入正常的整流状态，为负载充电。
具体的，接收端控制器201还可以通知无线充电的发射端启动无线充电流程。实际应用中，接收端控制器201可以通过接收端的通信模块向发射端的通信模块发送充电请求，以表明接收端已经完成了无线充电的准备工作，发射端可以启动无线充电的流程。发射端的通信模块接收到该充电请求时可以通知发射端控制器101启动无线充电的流程。
在接收端关机时，接收端控制器201控制整流器H2的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态。其中，控制的开关管为整流器H2的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管。
可以继续参见图1所示的全桥整流器H2，包括可控开关管S1-S4时，接收端关机时，接收端控制器201可以控制上半桥臂的开关管S1和S3闭合，或者控制下半桥臂的开关管S2和S4闭合，此时负载被旁路，无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发 射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护了负载和接收端不会损坏。
在接收端关机时，为了提高无线充电系统的安全性，当整流器H2的两个上半桥臂均包括可控开关管时，接收端控制器201控制两个上半桥臂的可控开关管同时闭合，只要保持两个上半桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号同步即可。当整流器H2的两个下半桥臂均包括可控开关管时，接收端控制器201控制两个下半桥臂的可控开关管同时闭合，只要保持两个可控开关管的驱动信号同步即可。
可以理解的是，本申请提供的接收端控制器201位于图3中的发射控制模块1000a3中。
可控开关管的类型可以为以下任意一种：继电器、绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)或金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor，MOSFET，以下简称MOS管)、SiC MOSFET(Silicon Carbide Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor，碳化硅场效应管)等。当开关管为MOS管时，具体可以为PMOS管或NMOS管，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
本申请实施例提供的无线充电的接收端，在接收端开机时，该接收端控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而在接收端开机时保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。控制器然后控制接收端启动工作以进行无线充电。在接收端关机时，控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载，控制器然后控制接收端进入关机。因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端关机时损坏。此外，还将整流器另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过整流器的另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而在接收端关机时保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。
综上所述，利用本申请实施例提供的无线充电的接收端，能够在接收端开机或关机时实现平稳的转换，保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
下面结合整流器的具体结构说明接收端的控制器控制整流器的开关管工作时的控制原理。
接收端实施例二：
下面以整流器为全桥整流器，且每个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管为例进行说明。
参见图7，该图为本申请实施例提供的另一种无线充电的接收端对应的无线充电系统的示意图
无线充电的发射端包括电源、逆变器H1、发射端补偿网络100、发射线圈Lp和发 射端控制器101。
无线充电的接收端包括接收线圈Ls、接收端补偿网络200、整流器H2、输出滤波电容Co、负载和接收端控制器201。
其中，该发射端补偿网络100包括L1、C1和Cp，为LCC型补偿网络；接收端补偿网络200包括L2、C2和Cs，同样为LCC型补偿网络，以使无线充电系统的输出呈电流源特性。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例以发射端和接收端的补偿网络与线圈的组合为LCCL-LCCL为例进行说明。实际应用中，发射端和接收端的补偿网络与线圈的组合还可以采用LCL-LCL，LCCL-LCL，LCL-LCCL，LCCL-P，LCL-P和S-S等组合，当应用以上任意的组合时，接收端的控制器的控制原理类似，本申请不再赘述。
该无线充电系统的发射端和接收端分别有相应的控制器，接收端控制器201控制系统的输出电压(或者输出电流、或者输出功率)，能够产生发射线圈的电流参考信号，控制整流器H2可控开关管的导通和关断。发射端控制器101通过控制逆变器H1可控开关管的导通和关断实现对发射线圈电流的控制。接收端根据发射线圈电流的大小在整流器H2输入端产生相应的电流，以便接收端根据该电流进行相位锁定。发射端控制器101和接收端控制器201通过无线通信的方式传递控制信号。实际应用中，接收端可以通过接收端的无线通信模块和发射端的无线通信模块进行通信。
接收端的整流器H2包括两个桥臂，且每个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管，图中以S1和S2位于同一桥臂、S3和S4位于同一桥臂且S1和S3位于上半桥臂、S2和S4位于下半桥臂为例。
下面具体说明为了确保无线充电系统能够可靠工作，在接收端开机和关机过程中接收端的控制器对整流器H2的可控开关管的控制时序。
首先说明接收端开机时接收端控制器的控制原理。
参见图8，该图为本申请实施例二提供的接收端开机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图。
接收端开机，即接收端由“待机状态”或者“关机状态”向“充电状态”转换，下面以接收端由“待机状态”向“充电状态”转换为例进行说明。
当无线充电系统处于“待机状态”时，接收端的辅助电源处于工作状态，发射端的辅助电源也处于工作状态。在“待机状态”时，当接收端接收到充电指令，接收端控制器通过接收端的无线通信模块向发射端发送充电请求，发射端控制器通过发射端的无线通信模块接收到充电请求并应答，以使无线充电系统启动充电流程。
接收端的控制器控制整流器H2的两个上半桥臂的开关管S1和S3均闭合，或控制两个下半桥臂的开关管S2和S4均闭合，以使负载被旁路。
本申请实施例以整流器H2的可控开关管为MOS管且具体为NMOS管，并且接收端控制器201控制整流器H2的两个下半桥臂的开关管S2和S4均闭合为例进行说明。当可控开关管为NMOS管时，可控开关管的驱动信号为高电平时可控开关管导通，可控开关管的驱动信号为低电平时可控开关管断开。
当接收端控制器201控制整流器H2的两个下半桥臂的开关管S2和S4均闭合时，对应于图中“接收线圈电流正常”的箭头所指虚线前的S1和S3的驱动信号为低电平，S2和S4的驱动信号为高电平。此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。
接收端控制器201保持对整流器H2的开关管的控制直至发射端完成启动，当发射线圈上产生第一预设电流时，接收端的控制器逐渐增加两个桥臂间的移相角θ以使无线充电系统进入“充电状态”，开始给负载充电。该过程对应图中“接收线圈电流正常”的箭头所指虚线后的S1和S3的驱动信号，以及S2和S4的驱动信号按一定的逻辑进行高低电平跳变，并且每个桥臂的上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通，即S1和S2互补导通、S3和S4互补导通。
实际应用中，接收端控制器201可以当确定发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流值时，控制整流器H2的两个桥臂之间的移相角θ逐渐增大到预设值，且控制上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通。其中，第一预设电流值和移相角θ的预设值可以根据实际情况设定，本申请实施例在此不作具体限定。
下面说明接收端关机时接收端控制器的控制原理。
参见图9，该图为本申请实施例二提供的接收端关机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图。
继续以整流器H2的可控开关管为MOS管且具体为NMOS管为例进行说明。
在“充电状态”时，当接收端接收到关机指令，或者接收端接收到辅助电源掉电的故障报警时，接收端控制器201通过无线通信模块发送关机指令给发射端控制器101，关机流程启动，发射端逐渐减小发射线圈电流至小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流。
当发射线圈电流逐渐减小至小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，接收端控制器201开始调整对整流器H2的驱动信号。具体为，接收端控制器201控制整流器H2的两个桥臂之间的移相角由θ逐渐减小至0，即使S1和S3的驱动信号完全同步，S2和S4的驱动信号完全同步，且S1的驱动信号与S2的驱动信号互补导通，对应图中“发射端停止发波”箭头所指虚线前的开关管驱动信号的电平。
此时由于整流器H2的两个上半桥臂的开关管S1和S3与两个下半桥臂的开关管S2和S4互补导通，因此负载被旁路，即无电流流过负载，负载两端均不会存在过高的电压，进而保护负载和接收端不会损坏。
接收端控制器201持续对开关管的以上控制直至发射端停止发波，即直至发射端停止功率输出。“发射端停止发波”后维持S2和S4导通，S1和S3关闭，进入待机状态。对应图中“发射端停止发波”的箭头所指虚线后的S1和S3的驱动信号为低电平，S2和S4的驱动信号为高电平。
可以理解的是，以上说明以前后桥臂的移相角减小到零后长时间保持两个下半桥臂的开关管S2和S4导通，两个上半桥臂的开关管S1和S3关断为例进行说明。也可以保持两个上半桥臂的开关管S1和S3导通，两个下半桥臂的开关管S2和S4关断， 本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供的无线充电的接收端的整流器包括两个桥臂，每个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂均包括一个可控的开关管。当接收端开机时，由于无线充电的发射端、接收线圈和接收端的补偿网络能够等效为电流源，负载开路时会引起负载两端电压过高进而可能损坏负载和接收端，因此接收端的控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的两个开关管或下半桥臂的两个开关管均闭合，以使负载被旁路，即无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而在开机时保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。在接收端关机时，控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的两个开关管或下半桥臂的两个开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端关机时损坏。此外，还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而在关机时保护了整流器。
综上所述，利用本申请提供的无线充电的接收端，能够在接收端开机或关机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
以上实施例整流器包括两个桥臂，每个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂均包括一个可控的开关管为例进行说明。下面结合附图说明当整流器包括两个桥臂，两个上半桥臂包括不可控的二极管，两个下半桥臂包括可控开关管时接收端控制器的工作原理。
接收端实施例三：
参见图10，该图为本申请实施例三提供又一种无线充电的接收端对应的无线充电系统的示意图。
无线充电的发射端包括电源、逆变器H1、发射端补偿网络100、发射线圈Lp和发射端控制器101。
无线充电的接收端包括接收线圈Ls、接收端补偿网络200、整流器H2、输出滤波电容Co、负载和接收端控制器201。
关于发射端补偿网络100和接收端补偿网络200的说明可以参见以上实施例，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
该无线充电系统的发射端和接收端分别有相应的控制器，接收端控制器201控制系统的输出电压(或者输出电流、或者输出功率)、能够产生发射线圈的电流参考信号，控制整流器H2的可控开关管的导通和关断。发射端控制器101通过控制逆变器H1的可控开关管的导通和关断实现对发射线圈电流的控制。接收端根据发射线圈电流的大小在整流器输入端产生相应的电流，以便接收端根据该电流进行相位锁定。发射端控制器101和接收端控制器201通过无线通信的方式传递控制信号。实际应用中，接收端可以通过接收端的无线通信模块和发射端的无线通信模块进行通信。
接收端的整流器H2包括两个桥臂，且每个桥臂的上半桥臂均包括一个不可控的二 极管，每个桥臂的下半桥臂均包括一个可控开关管，图中以二极管D1和开关管S2位于同一桥臂、二极管D3和开关管S4位于同一桥臂为例。
下面具体说明为了确保无线充电系统能够可靠工作，在接收端开机和关机过程中接收端的控制器对整流器H2的可控开关管的控制时序。
首先说明接收端开机时接收端控制器的控制原理。
参见图11，该图为本申请实施例三提供的接收端开机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图。
以整流器H2的可控开关管为MOS管且具体为NMOS管为例进行说明。
接收端开机，即接收端由“待机状态”或者“关机状态”向“充电状态”转换，下面以接收端由“待机状态”向“充电状态”转换为例进行说明。
在“待机状态”时，当接收端接收到充电指令，接收端控制器201控制整流器H2的两个下半桥臂的可控开关管S2和S4均闭合，此时控制器对可控开关管S2和S4的驱动信号的占空比为100％，以旁路负载，由于此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将上半桥臂的D1和D3旁路，因此也没有电流流过上半桥臂，上半桥臂两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。
当无线充电系统处于“待机状态”时，接收端的辅助电源处于工作状态，发射端的辅助电源也处于工作状态。接收端控制器201通过接收端无线通信模块向发射端发送充电请求，发射端控制器101通过发射端无线通信模块接收到充电请求，无线充电系统发射端启动充电流程。直至发射端启动，且发射线圈上的电流大于第一预设电流，然后接收端控制器201逐渐减小两个开关管的占空比至预设值，以使无线充电系统进入“充电状态”，开始给负载充电。对应图中“接收端开始充电”的箭头所指虚线后的S2和S4的驱动信号的跳变。
其中，第一预设电流值和占空比的预设值可以根据实际情况设定，本申请实施例在此不作具体限定。
下面说明接收端关机时接收端控制器的控制原理。
参见图12，该图为本申请实施例三提供的接收端关机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图。
继续以整流器H2的可控开关管为MOS管且具体为NMOS管为例进行说明。
在“充电状态”时，当接收端接收到关机指令，或者接收端接收到辅助电源掉电的故障报警时，接收端控制器201通过无线通信模块发送关机指令给发射端控制器101，关机流程启动，发射端逐渐减小发射线圈电流至小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流。
当发射端的发射线圈的电流逐渐减小至小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，接收端控制器201开始调整对整流器H2的驱动信号。具体的，接收端控制器201逐渐增加下半桥臂的两个开关管S2和S4的驱动信号的占空比直到100％以保持两个下管同时导通。此时负载被旁路，无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在 过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将整流器H2的两个二极管D1和D3旁路，因此也没有电流流过二极管，二极管的两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。
接收端控制器201控制S2和S4导通后，发射端逐渐减小发射线圈的电流直至停止发波，即停止功率输出，此时对应图中“S2和S4一直保持开通”的箭头所指的虚线后的S2和S4维持高电平的状态。
本申请实施例提供的接收端的整流器包括两个桥臂，且两个桥臂的上半桥臂的开关管均为二极管，两个桥臂的下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。当接收端开机时，接收端控制器控制两个开关管均闭合，以使负载被旁路，即此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将整流器的两个二极管旁路，因此也没有电流流过二极管，二极管的两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而在开机时保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。在接收端关机时，接收端控制器控制整流器的两个开关管均闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端关机时损坏。此外，还将整流器的两个二极管旁路，因此也没有电流流过二极管，二极管两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器。
综上所述，利用本申请提供的无线充电的接收端，能够在接收端开机或关机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
以上实施例中的整流器均包括两个桥臂，下面结合附图具体说明当整流器只包括一个桥臂时接收端控制器的工作原理。
下面首先说明整流器只包括一个桥臂且上半桥臂和下半桥臂均包括一个可控开关管时接收端控制器的工作原理。
接收端实施例四：
参见图13，该图为本申请实施例四提供再一种无线充电的接收端的示意图。
无线充电的发射端包括电源、逆变器H1、发射端补偿网络100、发射线圈Lp和发射端控制器101。
无线充电的接收端包括接收线圈Ls、接收端补偿网络200、整流器H2、输出滤波电容Co、负载和接收端控制器201。
关于发射端补偿网络100和接收端补偿网络200的说明可以参见以上实施例，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
该无线充电系统的发射端和接收端分别有相应的控制器，接收端控制器201控制系统的输出电压(或者输出电流、或者输出功率)、能够产生发射线圈的电流参考信号，控制整流器H2的可控开关管的导通和关断。发射端控制器101通过控制逆变器H1的可控开关管的导通和关断实现对发射线圈电流的控制。接收端根据发射线圈电流的大小在整流器H2输入端产生相应的电流，以便接收端根据该电流进行相位锁定。发射端控制器101和接收端控制器201通过无线通信的方式传递控制信号。实际应用中，接收端可以通过接收端的无线通信模块和发射端的无线通信模块进行通信。
接收端的整流器H2包括一个桥臂，且上半桥臂和下半桥臂均包括一个可控开关管，图中以上半桥臂包括开关管S1，下半桥臂包括开关管S2为例。
下面具体说明为了确保无线充电系统能够可靠工作，在接收端开机和关机过程中接收端控制器对整流器H2的可控开关管的控制时序。
首先说明接收端开机时接收端控制器的控制原理。
参见图14，该图为本申请实施例四提供的接收端开机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图。
以整流器H2的可控开关管为MOS管且具体为NMOS管为例进行说明。
接收端开机，即接收端由“待机状态”或者“关机状态”向“充电状态”转换，下面以接收端由“待机状态”向“充电状态”转换为例进行说明。
在“待机状态”时，当接收端接收到充电指令，接收端控制器201控制整流器H2的下半桥臂的可控开关管S2闭合以旁路负载，此时可控开关管S2的驱动信号的占空比为100％，由于无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，对应图中“发射端启动完成”的箭头所指虚线前S2的驱动信号由低电平变为高电平，并在待机时间内保持S2的驱动信号为高电平且保持S1的驱动信号为低电平。
直至发射端启动且发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，接收端控制器201逐渐调整对整流器的H2的驱动信号。具体的，控制器逐渐减小两个开关管S1和S2的占空比到预设值，以使无线充电系统进入“充电状态”，开始给负载充电。对应图中“发射端启动完成”的箭头所指虚线后S2和S1的驱动信号。
其中，第一预设电流值和占空比的预设值可以根据实际情况设定，本申请实施例在此不作具体限定。
下面说明接收端关机时接收端控制器的控制原理。
参见图15，该图为本申请实施例四提供的接收端关机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图。
继续以整流器H2的可控开关管为MOS管且具体为NMOS管为例进行说明。
在“充电状态”时，当接收端接收到关机指令，或者接收端接收到辅助电源掉电的故障报警时，接收端控制器201通过无线通信模块发送关机指令给发射端控制器，关机流程启动，发射端逐渐减小发射线圈电流至小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流。
当发射端的发射线圈的电流逐渐减小至小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，接收端控制器201开始调整对整流器H2的驱动信号。具体的，接收端控制器201逐渐增加对两个开关管S2和S4的驱动信号的占空比直到占空比为100％，并且使S2的驱动信号一直为高电平，S1的驱动信号一直为低电平。即S2保持一直导通状态，S1保持一直关断状态。此时负载被旁路，无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将整流器H2的开关管S1旁路，S1的两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。
本申请实施例提供的接收端的整流器只包括一个桥臂且上半桥臂和下半桥臂均包括一个可控开关管。当接收端开机时，接收端的控制器控制整流器上半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载和另一个未闭合的开关管被旁路，因此在接收端开机时能够避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。在接收端关机时，接收端的控制器控制整流器下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载和另一个未闭合的开关管被旁路，因此在接收端关机时能够避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
综上所述，利用本申请提供的无线充电的接收端，能够在接收端开机或关机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
以上实施例说明了整流器只包括一个桥臂且上半桥臂和下半桥臂均包括一个可控开关管时接收端控制器的工作原理，下面说明整流器只包括一个桥臂且该桥臂包括一个可控开关管和一个二极管时接收端控制器的工作原理。
接收端实施例五：
本申请实施例以上半桥臂包括二极管且下半桥臂包括可控开关管为例进行说明。
参见图16，该图为本申请实施例五提供另一种无线充电的接收端对应的无线充电系统的示意图。
无线充电的发射端包括电源、逆变器H1、发射端补偿网络100、发射线圈Lp和发射端控制器101。
无线充电的接收端包括接收线圈Ls、接收端补偿网络200、整流器H2、输出滤波电容Co、负载和接收端控制器201。
关于发射端补偿网络100和接收端补偿网络200的说明可以参见以上实施例，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
该无线充电系统的发射端和接收端分别有相应的控制器，接收端控制器201控制系统的输出电压(或者输出电流、或者输出功率)、能够产生发射线圈的电流参考信号，控制整流器H2的可控开关管的导通和关断。发射端控制器101通过控制逆变器H1的可控开关管的导通和关断实现对发射线圈电流的控制。接收端根据发射线圈电流的大小在整流器输入端产生相应的电流，以便接收端根据该电流进行相位锁定。发射端控制器101和接收端控制器201通过无线通信的方式传递控制信号。实际应用中，接收端可以通过接收端的无线通信模块和发射端的无线通信模块进行通信。
接收端的整流器H2包括一个桥臂，且上半桥臂包括一个二极管D1，下半桥臂包括一个可控开关管S2.
下面具体说明为了确保无线充电系统能够可靠工作，在接收端开机和关机过程中接收端的控制器对整流器H2的可控开关管的控制时序。
首先说明接收端开机时接收端控制器的控制原理。
参见图17，该图为本申请实施例五提供的接收端开机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图。
以整流器H2的可控开关管为MOS管且具体为NMOS管为例进行说明。
接收端开机，即接收端由“待机状态”或者“关机状态”向“充电状态”转换，下面以接 收端由“待机状态”向“充电状态”转换为例进行说明。
在“待机状态”时，当接收端接收到充电指令，接收端控制器201控制整流器H2的下半桥臂的可控开关管S2闭合以旁路负载，此时可控开关管S2的驱动信号的占空比为100％。无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将上半桥臂的二极管D1旁路，因此也没有电流流过上半桥臂，二极管D1两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。对应图中“发射端启动完成”的箭头所指虚线前S2的驱动信号由低电平变为高电平，并在待机时间内保持S2的驱动信号为高电平。
直至发射端启动且发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，接收端控制器201逐渐调整对整流器的H2的驱动信号。具体的，控制器逐渐减小开关管S1驱动信号的占空比至预设值以使无线充电系统进入“充电状态”，开始给负载充电。对应图中“发射端启动完成”的箭头所指虚线后S2的驱动信号。
其中，第一预设电流值和占空比的预设值可以根据实际情况设定，本申请实施例在此不作具体限定。
参见图18，该图为本申请实施例五提供的接收端关机过程中整流器和可控开关管的控制时序的示意图。
继续以整流器H2的可控开关管为MOS管且具体为NMOS管为例进行说明。
在“充电状态”时，当接收端接收到关机指令，或者接收端接收到辅助电源掉电的故障报警时，接收端控制器通201过无线通信模块发送关机指令给发射端控制器101，关机流程启动，发射端逐渐减小发射线圈电流至小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流。
当发射端的发射线圈的电流逐渐减小至小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，接收端控制器201开始调整对整流器H2的驱动信号。具体的，接收端控制器201逐渐增大开关管S2的驱动信号的占空比直到占空为100％，并且控制S2的驱动信号一直为高电平。此时S2保持一直导通状态，负载被旁路，无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外还将整流器的二极管D1旁路，D1的两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。
本申请实施例提供的接收端的整流器只包括一个桥臂且该桥臂包括一个可控开关管和一个二极管。当接收端开机时，接收端的控制器控制整流器下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载和二极管被旁路，因此在接收端开机时能够避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。在接收端关机时，接收端的控制器控制整流器下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载和二极管被旁路，因此在接收端关机时能够避免负载和整流器因电压过高而损坏。
综上所述，利用本申请提供的无线充电的接收端，能够在接收端开机或关机时保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
系统实施例：
基于以上实施例提供的无线充电的接收端，本申请实施例还提供了一种无线充电系统，下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图19，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电系统的示意图。
该无线充电系统1900包括：无线充电的接收端1000a和无线充电的发射端1001a。
其中，无线充电的发射端1001a至少包括：逆变器H1、发射线圈Lp、发射端的补偿网络100和发射端控制器101。
逆变器H1将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电。
发射端的补偿网络100将交流电补偿后输送给发射线圈Lp。
所述发射线圈Lp将补偿后的交流电以交变磁场的形式进行发射。
发射端控制器101控制逆变器H1的可控开关管的闭合，以使发射线圈Lp产生接收端需要的发射电流，还用于接收接收端控制器201发送的开机请求或关机请求，或者向接收端控制器201发送开机请求或关机请求。
无线充电的接收端1000a用于接收无线充电的发射端1001a发射的交变磁场，并将交变磁场转换为直流电提供给负载，无线充电的接收端1000a包括：接收线圈Ls，整流器H2和接收端控制器201。
接收线圈Ls以交变磁场的形式接收发射线圈Lp发射的电磁能量。
接收端补偿网络200将交流电补偿后输送给整流器H2。
整流器H2将接收线圈Ls输出的交流电整流为直流电输出给负载。
补偿网络200为具有电流源特性的补偿电路，以使接收线圈Ls和补偿网络200在发射端的共同作用下使所述整流器H2的输入端为恒流源。
由于接收端进行开机和关机控制时，需要监测发射线圈的电流大小，因此，需要发射端控制器101将发射线圈Lp的电流发送给接收端控制器201，可以理解的是，发射端控制器101与接收端控制器201之间通过无线进行通信，具体的通信方式本申请实施例不做具体限定。
其中，无线充电的接收端的整流器H2可以为上述接收端实施例提供的任意一种整流器，包括：整流器包括两个桥臂且每个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管；或者，整流器包括两个桥臂，两个上半桥臂包括不可控的二极管，两个下半桥臂包括可控开关管；或者，整流器只包括一个桥臂且上半桥臂和下半桥臂均包括一个可控开关管；或者，整流器只包括一个桥臂且该桥臂下桥臂包括一个可控开关管且上桥臂包括一个二极管。
该无线充电系统可以应用于图2所示的场景，即无线充电的接收端的负载可以为电动汽车，无线充电的接收端可以位于电动汽车上，无线充电的发射端位于无线充电站。
本申请实施例提供的无线充电系统包括了以上实施例提供的无线充电的接收端，在接收端开机时，该接收端的控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会损坏。此外，还将整流器的另一半桥臂旁路， 因此也没有电流流过另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端开机时存在过高的电压，从而在开机时保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。在接收端关机时，控制器控制整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，此时无电流流过负载，因此负载两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端关机时损坏。此外，还将整流器另一半桥臂旁路，因此也没有电流流过整流器的另一半桥臂，因此另一半桥臂两端不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，从而在关机时保护了整流器，即保护了接收端。控制器然后控制接收端进入关机状态。
综上所述，利用本申请实施例提供的无线充电系统，能够在接收端开机或关机时实现平稳的转换，确保了无线充电系统开关机过程中的控制时序正常，保护接收端和负载不会损坏，进而提升了无线充电系统的安全性。
方法实施例：
基于以上实施例提供的无线充电的接收端，本申请实施例还提供了一种无线充电接收端的控制方法，下面结合附图具体说明。
本实施例提供的无线充电的控制方法，应用于无线充电的接收端，具体可以参考以上接收端的实施例，在此不再赘述。接收端包括：接收线圈、补偿网络和整流器。该方法包括：
在接收端开机时，控制整流器的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端启动工作；
或，
在接收端关机时，控制整流器的开关管闭合，以使负载被旁路，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
其中，开关管为所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管。
下面首先介绍控制接收端开机的流程。
参见图20，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电接收端的开机方法的流程图。
S2001：在所述接收端开机时，控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路。
旁路负载的目的是为了使电流不流过负载，因此即使负载发生断路，负载两端也不会在发射端开机时存在过高电的压，进而保护负载不会在发射端开机时损坏。
S2002：确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，再控制整流器正常工作。
其中，控制整流器进行正常工作是指整流器开始进行整流工作，此时发射端正常进行功率发射，整流器将交流电整流为直流电为负载进行充电。
下面介绍控制接收端关机的流程。
参见图21该图为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电接收端的关机方法的流程图。
S2101：在所述接收端关机时，控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路。
旁路负载的目的是为了使电流不流过负载，因此即使负载发生断路，负载两端也 不会在发射端关机时存在过高的电压，进而保护负载不会在发射端开机时损坏。
S2102：确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，再控制接收端进入关机状态。
由于整流器的不同实现方式，对应的具体的开机和关机的流程有所区别，下面分别进行介绍。
第一种：
整流器包括两个桥臂，且两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。
所述控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作，具体包括：
在所述接收端开机时，控制所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使所述负载被旁路；确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制所述两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐增大到预设值，且控制所述上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通，再控制所述接收端启动工作。
所述控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机，具体包括：
确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制所述两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐减小，直至所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机。
第二种：
所述整流器包括两个桥臂，且所述两个桥臂的上半桥臂的开关管均为二极管，所述两个桥臂的下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。
所述控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作，具体包括：
控制所述可控开关管均闭合，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制所述两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号的占空比逐渐减小到预设值，再控制所述接收端启动工作。
所述控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机，具体包括：
确定所述发射端的发射线圈的功率电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，所述控制器控制所述两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号的占空比逐渐增大，直至所述可控开关管均闭合，再控制所述接收端进入关机。
第三种：
所述整流器包括一个桥臂，所述桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管。
所述控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作，具体包括：
控制所述整流器的下半桥臂的开关管闭合，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制所述上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通，再控制所述接收端启动工作。
所述控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机，具体包括：
确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制所述整流器的下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机。
第四种：
所述整流器包括一个桥臂，所述桥臂的下半桥臂为可控开关管，所述桥臂的上半桥臂为二极管；
所述控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作，具体包括：
控制所述整流器的所述可控开关管闭合，确定所述发射端的线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，以预设占空比控制所述可控开关管的开关状态。
所述控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态，具体包括：
确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，所述控制器控制所述可控开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
应用本申请以上实施例提供的接收端的开机方法或关机方法，可以在开机或关机过程中负载开路时保护接收端，因为整流器的输入端为一个等效电流源，电流源的特性是负载不能开路，因此，本申请在开机或关机时，通过控制整流器中的可控开关管实现负载被旁路，从而实现了对接收端的保护。
应当理解，在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
以上所述，仅是本申请的较佳实施例而已，并非对本申请作任何形式上的限制。虽然本申请已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本申请。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本申请技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本申请技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本申请技术方案的内容，依据本申请的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本申请技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种无线充电的接收端，其特征在于，包括：接收线圈、补偿网络、整流器和控制器；
    所述接收线圈，用于将发射端发射的交变磁场转换为交流电输送给所述补偿网络；
    所述补偿网络，用于对所述交流电进行补偿后输送给所述整流器；
    所述整流器，用于将补偿后的交流电整流为直流电提供给负载；
    所述补偿网络为具有电流源特性的补偿电路，以使所述接收线圈和补偿网络在所述发射端的共同作用下使所述整流器的输入端为恒流源；
    所述控制器，用于在所述接收端开机时，通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作；或在所述接收端关机时，通过控制所述整流器的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的接收端，其特征在于，所述控制器，具体用于在所述接收端开机时，通过控制所述整流器中的第一部分开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路；在所述接收端关机时，通过控制所述整流器中的第二部分开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路；所述第一部分开关管为所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管；所述第二部分开关管为所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的接收端，其特征在于，所述整流器包括两个桥臂，且所述两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管；
    在所述接收端开机时，所述控制器控制所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使所述负载被旁路；确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制所述两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐增大到预设值，且控制所述上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通，再控制所述接收端启动工作。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的接收端，其特征在于，在所述接收端关机时，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，所述控制器控制所述两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐减小，直至所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的接收端，其特征在于，所述整流器包括两个桥臂，所述两个桥臂的上半桥臂的开关管均为二极管，所述两个桥臂的下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管；
    在所述接收端开机时，所述控制器控制所述可控开关管均闭合，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制所述两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号的占空比逐渐减小到预设值，再控制所述接收端启动工作。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的接收端，其特征在于，在所述接收端关机时，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，所述控制器控制所述两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号的占空比逐渐增大，直至所述可控开关管均闭合，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的接收端，其特征在于，所述整流器包括一个桥臂，所述 桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管；
    在所述接收端开机时，所述控制器控制所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管闭合或下半桥臂的开关管闭合，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制所述上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的接收端，其特征在于，在所述接收端关机时，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，所述控制器控制所述整流器的下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的接收端，其特征在于，所述整流器包括一个桥臂，所述桥臂的下半桥臂为可控开关管，所述桥臂的上半桥臂为二极管；
    在所述接收端开机时，所述控制器控制所述整流器的所述可控开关管闭合，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，以预设占空比控制所述可控开关管的开关状态。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的接收端，其特征在于，在所述接收端关机时，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，所述控制器控制所述可控开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
  11. 一种无线充电的系统，其特征在于，包括：发射端和权利要求1-10任一项所述的接收端；所述发射端包括：逆变器、发射端补偿网络、发射线圈和发射端控制器；
    所述逆变器，用于将直流电逆变为交流电输送给发射端补偿网络；
    所述发射端补偿网络，用于将所述交流电补偿后输送给所述发射线圈；
    所述发射线圈，用于将补偿后的交流电以交变磁场的形式进行发射；
    所述发射端控制器，用于控制所述逆变器的可控开关管的闭合，以使所述发射线圈产生所述接收端需要的发射电流；还用于接收所述接收端的控制器发送的开机请求或关机请求，或者向接收端控制器发送开机请求或关机请求。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述发射端控制器，还用于将所述发射线圈的电流发送给所述接收端的控制器。
  13. 一种无线充电的控制方法，其特征在于，应用于无线充电的接收端；所述接收端包括：接收线圈、补偿网络和整流器；所述补偿网络为具有电流源特性的补偿电路，以使所述接收线圈和补偿网络在所述发射端的共同作用下使所述整流器的输入端为恒流源；该方法包括：
    在所述接收端开机时，通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作；
    或，
    在所述接收端关机时，通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述在接收端开机时，通过控制所述整流器中的第一部分开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路；在所述接收端关机 时，通过控制所述整流器中的第二部分开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路；所述第一部分开关管为所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管；所述第二部分开关管为所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管或下半桥臂的开关管。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述整流器包括两个桥臂，且所述两个桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管；
    所述通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作，具体包括：
    在所述接收端开机时，控制所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使所述负载被旁路；确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制所述两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐增大到预设值，且控制所述上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通，再控制所述接收端启动工作。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态，具体包括：
    确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制所述两个桥臂之间的移相角逐渐减小，直至所述整流器的上半桥臂的开关管均闭合或下半桥臂的开关管均闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述整流器包括两个桥臂，且所述两个桥臂的上半桥臂的开关管均为二极管，所述两个桥臂的下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管；
    所述通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作，具体包括：
    控制所述可控开关管均闭合，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制所述两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号的占空比逐渐减小到预设值，再控制所述接收端启动工作。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态，具体包括：
    确定所述发射端的发射线圈的功率电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，所述控制器控制所述两个桥臂的可控开关管的驱动信号占空比逐渐增大，直至所述可控开关管均闭合，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述整流器包括一个桥臂，所述桥臂的上半桥臂和下半桥臂的开关管均为可控开关管；
    所述通过控制所述整流器中的开关管均闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作，具体包括：
    控制所述整流器的下半桥臂的开关管闭合，确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，控制所述上半桥臂的开关管和下半桥臂的开关管互补导通，再控制所述接收端启动工作。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述通过控制所述整流器中 的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态，具体包括：
    确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，控制所述整流器的下半桥臂的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态。
  21. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述整流器包括一个桥臂，所述桥臂的下半桥臂为可控开关管，所述桥臂的上半桥臂为二极管；
    所述通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端启动工作，具体包括：
    控制所述整流器的所述可控开关管闭合，确定所述发射端的线圈的电流大于第一预设电流时，以预设占空比控制所述可控开关管的开关状态。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述通过控制所述整流器中的开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态，具体包括：确定所述发射端的发射线圈的电流小于第二预设电流并大于第一预设电流时，所述控制器控制所述可控开关管闭合，以使所述负载被旁路，再控制所述接收端进入关机状态
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