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WO2021055667A1 - Système et procédé de fabrication additive - Google Patents

Système et procédé de fabrication additive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021055667A1
WO2021055667A1 PCT/US2020/051377 US2020051377W WO2021055667A1 WO 2021055667 A1 WO2021055667 A1 WO 2021055667A1 US 2020051377 W US2020051377 W US 2020051377W WO 2021055667 A1 WO2021055667 A1 WO 2021055667A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
flowable
print head
extrudate
heated conduit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2020/051377
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tyler Mcnaney
Original Assignee
Triex, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Triex, Llc filed Critical Triex, Llc
Priority to EP20866104.1A priority Critical patent/EP4031352A4/fr
Publication of WO2021055667A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021055667A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/35—Cleaning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to additive manufacturing, and more particularly to a material handling and deposition system for forming a three- dimensional object by additive manufacturing.
  • Additive manufacturing is a process of creating three-dimensional parts and structures by depositing overlapping layers of material under the guided control of a computer.
  • FDM fused deposition modeling
  • FFF fused filament fabrication
  • a thermoplastic filament is passed through and liquified within a heated printer extruder head mounted on a CNC or other movement system.
  • the printer extruder head is moved in a predefined trajectory (i.e., a tool path) under computer control as the material discharges from the printer extruder head, such that the material is laid down in a particular pattern and shape of overlapping layers.
  • the head moves in two dimensions to deposit one horizontal plane, or layer, at a time, and the work or head is moved vertically by a small amount to begin a new layer.
  • the material after exiting the printer extruder head, cools and hardens into a final form.
  • FPF fused particle fabrication
  • FGF fused granular fabrication
  • FPF is similar to FDM, but uses thermoplastic pellets, particles or granular shavings rather than a filament as the raw material.
  • FPF systems address some of the shortcomings of FDM systems, namely, that filaments are not particularly well suited to large-format printing because the amount of force that can be applied to the filament is limited (leading to a very time consuming print process for large-scale parts).
  • FPF is capable of achieving much higher material outputs than FDM and is, therefore, a better match for large format printing.
  • the FPF systems allow for a wider range of materials to be 3D printed, as they can typically process plastics, including recycled plastics, that cannot be easily converted into filaments.
  • FPF additive manufacturing systems have proven to be advantageous for many applications, there is room for improvement in terms of flexibility and useability.
  • 3D printing can only be carried out at steep extruder head /nozzle angles (e.g., greater than 45 degrees with respect to a horizontal printing surface) due to the angle of repose of the granular raw material. Without such a steep nozzle angle, material flow (e.g., solid pellets, particles or shavings) to the head may be interrupted.
  • the head is large, heavy and cumbersome, making it difficult to change direction quickly and easily. Scaling also requires changing out the entire extruder head, which is tedious and time consuming.
  • a system for additive manufacturing includes an extrusion apparatus configured to receive a raw material and output a flowable extrudate, a heated conduit fluidly connected to the extrusion apparatus and configured to receive the flowable extrudate therefrom, and a print head fluidly connected to the heated conduit for receiving the flowable extrudate from the heated conduit.
  • the print head is configured to move along a path according to a preprogrammed set of instructions to produce an article from the flowable extrudate.
  • a method of manufacturing an article includes extruding a raw material to produce a flowable extrudate at a first temperature, passing the flowable extrudate through a heated conduit to a print head, the heated conduit maintaining a flowable state of the flowable extrudate, and at the print head, passing the flowable extrudate out of a nozzle to form the article.
  • a system for additive manufacturing includes an extruder configured to receive a raw material and to output a flowable extrudate at a first temperature, a heated conduit fluidly connected to the extrusion apparatus and configured to receive the flowable extrudate from the extrusion apparatus and to heat the flowable extrudate to a second temperature, and a print head fluidly connected to the heated conduit for receiving the flowable extrudate from the heated conduit.
  • the second temperature is approximately equal to or higher than the first temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is schematic illustration of an additive manufacturing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the print head of the additive manufacturing system of FIG. 1.
  • the system 10 includes an extrusion apparatus 12, a heated conduit 14 fluidly connected to an outlet of the extrusion apparatus 12, and a print head 16 fluidly connected to an opposing end of the heated conduit 14 opposite the extrusion apparatus 12.
  • the extrusion apparatus 12 may take the form of any extrusion apparatus 12 known in the art and which is capable of accepting a raw material, heating it, and extruding it through a die or outlet.
  • the extrusion apparatus 12 may be the EX2 filament extruder or EX6 filament extruder sold by Filabot. As shown in FIG.
  • the extrusion apparatus 12 includes a feed inlet or hopper 14 configured to accept a raw material for extrusion, and an outlet 20 configured to allow for egress of melted extrudate.
  • the raw material may be in the form of pellets, granules, shavings, flakes and/or powder.
  • the raw material may be, for example, thermoplastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, acetal, acrylic, nylon (polyamides), polystyrene, polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and/or polycarbonate as the raw material, although other materials known in the art may also be utilized without departing from the broader aspects of the invention.
  • the extrusion apparatus 12 uses plastic pellets or granular shavings (e.g., recycled plastic pellets or granular shavings) as a raw material, as discussed hereinafter.
  • the extrusion apparatus 12 may, in an embodiment, have an operating range between about 500 psi and 10,000 psi, and a length /diameter (L/D) ratio of about 24:1 or larger.
  • the heated conduit 14 is fluidly connected to the outlet 20 of the extrusion apparatus 12 and receives the melted extrudate therefrom.
  • the heated conduit 14 includes a controllable heating element 21 that allows for precise control of the temperature within the conduit 14.
  • the heating element 21 may be a resistive heating element that substantially encircles /surrounds the interior passage of the conduit, although other types and configurations of heating elements may also be used, so long as the heating element is operable to heat the interior passage of the conduit 14 and/or the interior wall of the conduit 14, for the purpose disclosed hereinafter.
  • the heated conduit 14 may include a dedicated controller 23 for controlling the temperature of the heating element 21 (and thus the passage within the conduit 14).
  • the heating element 21 may be controlled by a master system controller 100, disclosed below.
  • the heated conduit 14 is flexible so as to allow for routing and positioning of the conduit in a variety of orientations and paths.
  • the heated conduit 14 allows for the extrudate to be maintained in a flowable state (i.e. non-solid state) from the outlet 20 of the extrusion apparatus to the print head 16, as discussed hereinafter.
  • flowable or “flowable state” means that the extrudate or material is at a temperature around the glass transition temperature of the material so that the material is in a non-solidified state. This is the point when the material is moving from solid to a liquid.
  • the temperature may be between about 35% higher or lower than the glass transition temperature and, more preferably about 10% higher or lower than the glass transition temperature.
  • the material is heated to and/or maintained at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the material by the heated conduit 14.
  • the heated conduit 14 may have an inside diameter in the range of about 1/8" to about 4", and more preferably about 1/8" to about 1/4", although other sizes are possible depending on the size of the extrusion apparatus and desired material output.
  • the print head 16 is fluidly connected to an opposite end of the heated conduit 14 and receives the melted /flowable extrudate therefrom.
  • the print head 16 includes a controllable heating element 22 and a nozzle 24.
  • the heating element 22 is configured to further heat the extrudate material received from the heated conduit 14 to a molten or fluid state, while the nozzle 24 is configured to controllably dispense the molten print material 30 for deposition and formation into an article 32.
  • the nozzle 24 preferably includes a valve system for controlling material flow out of the nozzle (in dependence upon a particular part or article being printed).
  • the nozzle 24 may include a mechanism such as, for example, a mechanical iris that can be selectively controlled to vary a dimeter of the nozzle opening and thus the diameter or the size of material being deposited.
  • the nozzle 24 may be selectively removable from the print head 16 so that nozzles having a variety of shapes and or sizes (e.g., square, oval, etc.) can be installed.
  • the print head 16 may also include a cooling nozzle 25 adjacent to nozzle 24.
  • the cooling nozzle 25 may be in the shape of an annulus surrounding the nozzle 24.
  • the cooling nozzle is configured for connection to a supply of cooling air and is controllable to direct cooling air onto the article being printed to cool the print material 30 as it is deposited to form the article 32.
  • the print head 16 is preferably integrated with, or connected to a control and positioning system 27 for controlling a position of the print head and nozzle thereof with respect to a substrate.
  • the control and positioning system may be a robotic arm or a CNC control system, although other control and positioning means known in the art may also be utilized without departing from the broader aspects of the invention.
  • the control and positioning system allows for movement of the nozzle 24 in any direction, and for 360 degree rotation about axis 26.
  • the nozzle 24 can be tilted at any angle with respect to a vertical axis (e.g., the axis 26), from 0 degrees to 90 degrees.
  • the nozzle 24 and head 16 can be tilted so as to print at an angle less than 45 degrees from horizontal.
  • the print heat 16 may be tilted at even greater angles to allow for printing at any angle between about 0 degrees and about 180 degrees with respect to axis 26 (i.e., even upside down, with the nozzle pointing upwards).
  • the extrusion apparatus 12, heated conduit 14 and print head 16 are communicatively coupled to a centralized control unit 100. It is contemplated however, that in some embodiments, one or more of the extrusion apparatus 12, heated conduit 14 and print head 16 may have dedicated controllers for controlling operation of the respective devices (and which themselves may be communicatively coupled to a centralized controller).
  • the control unit 100 is configured to control operation of the extrusion apparatus 12, such as controlling the temperature and extrusion rate thereof.
  • the control unit 100 may also be configured to control a temperature of the heating element 21 of the heated conduit 14 so as to control the temperature of the extrudate material therein. Further, the control unit 100 is configured to control the position and orientation of the nozzle 24 (via control of the print head 16), as well as the heating element 22 so as to control the temperature of the material as it reaches the nozzle 24.
  • a raw material such as recycled plastic pellets or granular shavings are loaded into the hopper 18 of the extrusion apparatus 12.
  • the extrusion apparatus under control of the control unit 100, heats the pellets and pushes the melted pellets through a die to produce an extrudate at a first temperature.
  • the flowable extrudate is then passed through the heated conduit 14 to the print head 16.
  • the heated conduit 14 and the extrusion apparatus 12 are operated at approximately the same temperature, to maintain the material at about the same temperature from the outlet 20 of the extrusion apparatus 12 to the print head 16.
  • the extrusion apparatus is configured to output the flowable material at a first temperature
  • the heated conduit is configured to maintain the flowable material at approximately the first temperature (e.g., about 0% to about 35%, and more preferably about 0% to about 15%, and even more preferably 0% to about 5% higher or lower than the first temperature of the flowable material exiting the extrusion apparatus).
  • the heating element 22 of the print head 16 heats the extrudate to a second temperature that is higher than the temperature within the heated conduit 14 (i.e., to the final melt temperature for printing).
  • the print head 16 then controllably moves under control of the control and positioning system operating according to a preprogrammed set of instructions to fabricate a desired article or structure.
  • the control and positioning system is programmed with a set of instructions to control the deposit of material from the nozzle. Additional information relating to speeds, temperatures, stop / start, flow, and other properties may be input with the programming.
  • the program is executed, inducing motion and extrusion to create any desired structure or article.
  • the print head 16 may be controllably moved to a purge table, and a purge material may be loaded into the hopper 18 of the extrusion apparatus 12.
  • the purge material is run through the extrusion apparatus 12, heated conduit 14 and print head 16 to clean out all of the media from the prior run. It is preferred that the purge material is a flexible purge material.
  • the print head can be made much smaller and lighter in comparison to existing print heads having an integrated extruder (approximately 1 ⁇ 4 of the weight of existing heads).
  • This reduced size and weight allows for more precise control over the position of the print head 16, allowing for motion control motors, etc., to be downsized, and resulting in the ability to produce more precise parts.
  • the smaller size of the head 16 allows access to tighter spaces, such as when using dual print heads to simultaneously print a support substrate in combination with an article.
  • the extrusion apparatus can be sized as desired, and is easily swappable. That is, the same print head and nozzle, and heated conduit, may be utilized when scaling; all that is required is to remove one extrusion apparatus on the front end and replace it with another. This is in contrast to existing systems where the entire extruder head must be swapped out if scaling is desired.
  • flow control may be achieved by using the same nozzle, and by varying the extrusion rate.
  • the nozzle size may be selectively controlled (e.g., through use of a mechanical iris).
  • the print head 16 includes a heating element 22 for further heating the flowable extrudate to a molten state for printing via the nozzle 24, it is contemplated that in some embodiments, the heating element 22 may be omitted entirely.
  • the heated conduit 14 may be utilized to heat the flowable extrudate to a temperature and state needed for printing (i.e., to a temperature higher than the temperature leaving the extruder and/or to a molten or fluid state). This would decrease the size, weight and complexity of the print head even further.
  • the temperature and state of the flowable extrudate may be precisely controlled via control over the heating element 21 of the heated conduit 14.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de fabrication additive qui comprend un appareil d'extrusion conçu pour recevoir une matière première et délivrer un extrudat fluide, un conduit chauffé en communication fluidique avec l'appareil d'extrusion et conçu pour recevoir l'extrudat fluide à partir de celui-ci, et une tête d'impression en communication fluidique avec le conduit chauffé pour recevoir l'extrudat fluide à partir du conduit chauffé. La tête d'impression est conçue pour se déplacer le long d'un trajet selon un ensemble préprogrammé d'instructions pour produire un article à partir de l'extrudat fluide.
PCT/US2020/051377 2019-09-18 2020-09-18 Système et procédé de fabrication additive WO2021055667A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20866104.1A EP4031352A4 (fr) 2019-09-18 2020-09-18 Système et procédé de fabrication additive

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201962901851P 2019-09-18 2019-09-18
US62/901,851 2019-09-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021055667A1 true WO2021055667A1 (fr) 2021-03-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2020/051377 WO2021055667A1 (fr) 2019-09-18 2020-09-18 Système et procédé de fabrication additive

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20210078257A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4031352A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021055667A1 (fr)

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US10201503B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2019-02-12 Triastek, Inc. Precision pharmaceutical 3D printing device
CN118544586A (zh) * 2020-07-10 2024-08-27 南京三迭纪医药科技有限公司 高精度增材制造装置和高产量增材制造系统
FR3119790B1 (fr) * 2021-02-12 2023-09-15 Emerik Poursillie Procédé de fabrication additive et machine de fabrication additive mettant en œuvre ledit procédé
WO2023039231A1 (fr) * 2021-09-13 2023-03-16 Triex, Llc Système de fabrication additive à régulation d'écoulement et dispositif d'injection d'additif
KR102641713B1 (ko) * 2021-12-30 2024-02-29 주식회사 쓰리디팩토리 3d 프린터 장치
CN115026314B (zh) * 2022-06-28 2023-06-13 郑州轻工业大学 一种用于液态金属的双仓加热式3d打印机喷头结构和打印机

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See also references of EP4031352A4

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20210078257A1 (en) 2021-03-18
EP4031352A1 (fr) 2022-07-27
EP4031352A4 (fr) 2023-10-11

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