WO2020225069A1 - Elektronische vorrichtung - Google Patents
Elektronische vorrichtung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020225069A1 WO2020225069A1 PCT/EP2020/061978 EP2020061978W WO2020225069A1 WO 2020225069 A1 WO2020225069 A1 WO 2020225069A1 EP 2020061978 W EP2020061978 W EP 2020061978W WO 2020225069 A1 WO2020225069 A1 WO 2020225069A1
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- Prior art keywords
- hole
- electronic device
- layer
- transporting layer
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- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N truxene Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C2=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C2)=C1C1=C3CC2=CC=CC=C21 YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/624—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing six or more rings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
- H10K50/156—Hole transporting layers comprising a multilayered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
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- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Definitions
- the present application relates to an electronic device comprising, in that order, an anode and a first
- the first hole transporting layer a hole transporting layer, a second hole transporting layer, an emitting layer, and a cathode.
- Hole transporting layer contains a mixture of two
- Organic electronic devices which are organic semiconductor materials
- OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes, organic electroluminescent devices
- These are electronic devices which have one or more layers containing organic compounds and which emit light when an electrical voltage is applied.
- the structure and the general functional principle of OLEDs are known to the person skilled in the art.
- a hole-transporting layer is understood to be a layer which is able to transport holes when the electronic device is in operation. In particular, it is a layer which is arranged in an OLED containing an emitting layer between the anode and the said emitting layer.
- Hole transporting layers have a great influence on the above-mentioned performance data of the electronic devices. They can be used as a single hole-transporting layer between the anode and
- hole-transporting layers for example 2 or 3
- hole-transporting layers occurrence between anode and emitting layer.
- the hole-transporting layers can also have an electron-blocking function, that is to say that they block the passage of electrons from the emitting layer to the anode. This function is particularly desirable in the case of a hole-transporting layer which directly adjoins the emitting layer on the anode side.
- Amine compounds are primarily amine compounds in the prior art as materials for hole-transporting layers
- Triarylamine compounds known. Examples of such compounds
- Triarylamine compounds are spirobifluorenamines, fluorenamines,
- Indenofluorene amines Indenofluorene amines, phenanthrene amines, carbazole amines, xanthene amines, spiro-dihydroacridine amines, biphenyl amines and combinations of these structural elements with one or more amino groups, this being only a selection and further structural classes known to the person skilled in the art.
- the first hole-transporting layer containing a mixture of two different compounds has better performance data than an electronic device according to the prior art, in which the first hole-transporting layer is formed from a single compound.
- the service life of such a device is improved compared with the above-mentioned device according to the prior art.
- the subject of the present application is thus an electronic device containing
- emitting layer is arranged and which contains two different compounds which correspond to the same or different formula selected from formulas (I) and (II)
- Z is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from CR 1 and
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are selected identically or differently on each occurrence from aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ones
- Ring atoms which are substituted by one or more radicals R 2 and heteroaromatic ring systems with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms which are substituted by one or more radicals R 2 ; R 1 and R 2 are selected identically or differently on each occurrence from
- R 3 is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from H, D, F, CI, Br, I, CN, alkyl or alkoxy groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl groups with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, aromatic
- the following definitions apply to the chemical groups used in the present application. They apply unless more specific definitions are given.
- an aryl group is understood to mean either a single aromatic cycle, that is to say benzene, or a condensed aromatic polycycle, for example naphthalene, phenanthrene or anthracene.
- a condensed aromatic polycycle consists of two or more individual aromatic rings condensed with one another. Condensation between cycles is to be understood as meaning that the cycles share at least one edge with one another.
- An aryl group does not contain any
- Heteroatoms as aromatic ring atoms Heteroatoms as aromatic ring atoms.
- a heteroaryl group is understood to mean either a single heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine or thiophene, or a condensed heteroaromatic polycycle, for example quinoline or carbazole.
- a condensed heteroaromatic polycycle exists within the meaning of the present invention
- a heteroaryl group contains 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, at least one of which is a heteroatom.
- the heteroatoms of the heteroaryl group are preferably selected from N, O and S.
- radicals can be substituted, in particular groups are understood which are derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, chrysene, perylene, triphenylene,
- Pyrazinimidazole quinoxalinimidazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, benzothiazole, pyridazine, benzopyridazine, pyrimidine, benzpyrimidine, quinoxaline, Pyrazine, phenazine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarboline, phenanthroline, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole,
- an aromatic ring system is a system which does not necessarily contain only aryl groups, but which can additionally contain one or more non-aromatic rings which are condensed with at least one aryl group.
- aromatic rings contain only carbon atoms as
- Ring atoms examples of groups encompassed by this definition are tetrahydronaphthalene, fluorene and spirobifluorene.
- aromatic ring system also includes systems that consist of two or more aromatic ring systems that are connected to one another via single bonds, for example biphenyl, terphenyl, 7-phenyl-2-fluorenyl, quaterphenyl and 3,5-diphenyl-1-phenyl.
- An aromatic ring system for the purposes of this invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms and no heteroatoms in the ring system.
- the definition of “aromatic ring system” does not include heteroaryl groups.
- a heteroaromatic ring system corresponds to that mentioned above
- Ring system does not exclusively contain aryl groups and heteroaryl groups, but can also not contain one or more
- aromatic rings which with at least one aryl or
- Heteroaryl group are condensed.
- the non-aromatic rings can exclusively contain carbon atoms as ring atoms, or they can additionally contain one or more heteroatoms, the Heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, 0 and S.
- An example of such a heteroaromatic ring system is benzopyranyl.
- the term “heteroaromatic ring system” is understood to mean systems which consist of two or more aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems which are connected to one another via single bonds
- heteroaromatic ring system for the purposes of this invention contains 5 to 40 ring atoms selected from carbon and heteroatoms, at least one of the ring atoms being a heteroatom.
- the heteroatoms of the heteroaromatic ring system are preferably selected from N, O and S.
- an aromatic ring system cannot have a heteroatom as a ring atom
- a heteroaromatic ring system must have at least one heteroatom as a ring atom.
- This hetero atom can be a ring atom of a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring or a ring atom of a
- each aryl group is encompassed by the term “aromatic ring system”, and each heteroaryl group is encompassed by the term “heteroaromatic ring system”.
- Ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms are understood in particular as groups derived from the groups mentioned above under aryl groups and heteroaryl groups and from biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, Indenofluoren, Truxen, Isotruxen, Spirotruxen, Spiroisotruxen,
- a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group with 2 to 40 carbon atoms in which also individual H atoms or Chh groups can be substituted by the groups mentioned above in the definition of the radicals, preferably the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t- Butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, cyclopentyl, neo-pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, neo-hexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-e
- Hexinylthio, heptinylthio or octinylthio understood.
- the formulation that two or more radicals can form a ring with one another is to be understood in the context of the present application, inter alia, to mean that the two radicals are linked to one another by a chemical bond.
- the abovementioned formulation should also be understood to mean that in the event that one of the two radicals represents hydrogen, the second radical binds to the position to which the hydrogen atom was bound to form a ring.
- the electronic device is preferably an organic one
- OLED Electroluminescent device
- the anode of the electronic device preferably has a work function greater than 4.5 eV vs. Vacuum on.
- metals with a high redox potential are suitable for this, such as Ag, Pt or Au.
- metal / metal oxide electrodes for example Al / Ni / NiO x , Al / PtO x ) can also be preferred.
- at least one of the electrodes should be transparent or partially transparent to either the
- anode materials in this case are conductive mixed metal oxides. Indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO) are particularly preferred. Also preferred are conductive, doped organic materials, in particular conductive doped polymers. Furthermore, the anode can also consist of several layers, for example an inner layer made of ITO and an outer layer made of a metal oxide, preferably tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide or vanadium oxide. Metals with a low work function, metal alloys or multilayer structures made of various metals, such as alkaline earth metals, are preferred as the cathode of the electronic device.
- Alkali metals main group metals or lanthanoids (e.g. Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, etc.).
- alloys of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and silver for example an alloy of
- Magnesium and silver In the case of multi-layer structures, in addition to the metals mentioned, other metals can be used that have a relatively high work function, such as. B. Ag or Al, in which case combinations of metals such as Ca / Ag, Mg / Ag or Ba / Ag are then usually used. It can also be preferred to introduce a thin intermediate layer of a material with a high dielectric constant between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor. For example, alkali metal or
- Alkaline earth metal fluorides but also the corresponding oxides or
- LiF, LhO, BaF2, MgO, NaF, CsF, CS2CO3, etc. Lithium quinolinate (LiQ) can also be used for this.
- the layer thickness of this layer is preferably between 0.5 and 5 nm.
- the emitting layer of the device can be a fluorescent or a phosphorescent emitting layer.
- the emitting layer of the device is preferably a fluorescent emitting layer, particularly preferably a blue fluorescent emitting layer.
- the emitter is preferably a singlet emitter, i. a compound that emits light from an excited singlet state when the device is operated.
- the emitter is preferably a triplet emitter, i.e. a compound which, when the device is in operation, emits light from an excited triplet state or from a state with a higher spin quantum number, for example a quintet state.
- fluorescent emitting layers are according to a
- blue fluorescent layers used.
- green or red phosphorescent layers are used as phosphorescent emitting layers
- Particularly suitable phosphorescent emitters are compounds which, when appropriately excited, emit light, preferably in the visible range, and which also contain at least one atom with an atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, particularly preferably greater than 56 and less than 80.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are compounds containing copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium,
- Preferred compounds for use as phosphorescent emitters are shown in the following table:
- Preferred fluorescent emitting compounds are selected from the class of the arylamines. Under an arylamine or a
- aromatic amine is understood to mean a compound which contains three substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems bonded directly to the nitrogen. At least one of these is preferably aromatic or hetero
- aromatic ring systems a condensed ring system, particularly preferably with at least 14 aromatic ring atoms.
- Preferred examples of these are aromatic anthracenamines, aromatic
- Anthracenediamines aromatic pyrene amines, aromatic pyrene diamines, aromatic chrysen amines or aromatic chrysene diamines.
- An aromatic anthracenamine is understood to mean a compound in which a diarylamino group is bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9-position.
- An aromatic anthracenediamine is understood to mean a compound in which two diarylamino groups are bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9,10-position.
- Aromatic pyrenamines, pyrene diamines, chrysenamines and chrysen diamines are defined analogously to this, the diarylamino groups being bonded to the pyrene preferably in the 1 position or in the 1,6 position.
- Further preferred emitting compounds are indenofluorenamines or diamines, benzoindenofluorenamines or diamines, and dibenzoindenofluorenamines or diamines, and indenofluoren derivatives with condensed aryl groups. Pyrene arylamines are also preferred.
- Benzoindenofluorene amines benzofluorene amines, extended benzoindenofluorenes, phenoxazines and fluorene derivatives which are linked with furan units or with thiophene units are likewise preferred.
- Preferred compounds for use as fluorescent emitters are shown in the following table:
- the emitting layer of the electronic device contains exactly one matrix compound.
- a matrix connection is understood to mean a connection that is not an emitting connection. This embodiment is particularly preferred in the case of fluorescent emitting layers.
- the emitting layer of the electronic device contains exactly two or more, preferably exactly two, matrix compounds.
- This embodiment which is also referred to as a mixed matrix system, is particularly preferred in the case of phosphorescent emitting layers.
- the total proportion of all matrix materials in the case of a phosphorescent emitting layer is preferably between 50.0 and 99.9%, particularly preferably between 80.0 and 99.5% and very particularly preferably between 85.0 and 97.0%.
- the proportion of the phosphorescent emitting compound is preferably between 0.1 and 50.0%, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 20.0% and very particularly preferably between 3.0 and 15.0%.
- the total proportion of all matrix materials in the case of a fluorescent emitting layer is preferably between 50.0 and 99.9%, particularly preferably between 80.0 and 99.5% and very particularly preferably between 90.0 and 99.0%.
- the proportion of fluorescent emitting is correspondingly
- Mixed matrix systems preferably comprise two or three different matrix materials, particularly preferably two different ones
- Matrix materials One of the two materials is preferably a material with, among other things, hole-transporting properties and the other material is a material with, among other things, electrons
- matrix materials that can be present in mixed matrix systems are compounds with a large energy difference between HOMO and LUMO (wide band gap materials).
- the two different matrix materials can be present in a ratio of 1:50 to 1: 1, preferably 1:20 to 1: 1, particularly preferably 1:10 to 1: 1 and very particularly preferably 1: 4 to 1: 1.
- Mixed matrix systems are preferably used in phosphorescent organic electroluminescent devices. Preferred matrix materials for fluorescent emitting
- oligoarylenes e.g. 2,2 ', 7,7'-tetraphenylspirobifluorene
- oligoarylenes containing condensed aromatic groups oligoarylenvinylenes, polypodal metal complexes, hole-conducting compounds, electron-conducting compounds, in particular Ketones, phosphine oxides, and sulfoxides
- the atropisomers the boronic acid derivatives and the
- Benzanthracenes Particularly preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of the oligoarylenes, containing naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene and / or pyrene or atropisomers of these compounds, the oligoarylenevinylenes, the ketones, the phosphine oxides and the sulfoxides. Very particularly preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes, containing anthracene, benzanthracene,
- an oligoarylene is to be understood as a compound in which at least three aryl or arylene groups are bonded to one another.
- Preferred matrix materials for phosphorescent emitters are aromatic ketones, aromatic phosphine oxides or aromatic ones
- Sulphoxides or sulphones triarylamines, carbazole derivatives, e.g. B. CBP (N, N-bis-carbazolylbiphenyl) or carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives,
- Indenocarbazole derivatives Indenocarbazole derivatives, azacarbazole derivatives, bipolar matrix materials, silanes, azaboroles or boronic esters, triazine derivatives, zinc complexes,
- the electronic device contains exactly one emitting layer.
- the electronic device contains a plurality of emitting layers, preferably 2, 3 or 4 emitting layers. This is particularly preferred for white-emitting electronic devices.
- the emitting layers particularly preferably have a total of several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, so that the electronic device emits white light, ie. H.
- various emitting compounds are used which can fluoresce or phosphoresce and which emit blue, green, yellow, orange or red light.
- Three-layer systems that is to say systems with three emitting layers, are particularly preferred, one of the three layers showing blue, one of the three layers green and one of the three layers showing orange or red emission.
- the electronic device contains two or three, preferably three, identical or different layer sequences stacked on top of one another, each of the layer sequences each comprising the following layers:
- emitting layer is arranged and which contains two different compounds which correspond to the same or different formula selected from formulas (I) and (II), and - A second hole-transporting layer, which is between the first hole-transporting layer and the emitting layer
- CGL Charge Generation Layer
- a p-doped amine is preferably used in the p-CGL, particularly preferably a material which is selected from the preferred structural classes of mentioned below
- the first hole-transporting layer preferably has a layer thickness of 20 nm to 300 nm, particularly preferably from 30 nm to 250 nm. Furthermore, it is preferred that the first hole-transporting layer is a
- the first hole-transporting layer preferably contains exactly 2, 3 or 4, preferably exactly 2 or 3, very particularly preferably exactly 2
- the first hole-transporting layer preferably consists of compounds corresponding to an identical or different formula selected from formulas (I) and (II).
- “consist of” is understood to mean that no further compounds are present in the layer, with minor impurities, as they usually occur in the production process of OLEDs, not counting as further compounds in the layer.
- it contains, in addition to the compounds corresponding to an identical or different formula selected from formulas (I) and (II), a p-dopant.
- Organic electron acceptor compounds which can oxidize one or more of the other compounds of the mixture are preferably used as p-dopants according to the present invention.
- Particularly preferred p-dopants are quinodimethane compounds, azaindenofluorenediones, azaphenalenes, azatriphenylenes, I2,
- Metal halides preferably transition metal halides, metal oxides, preferably metal oxides containing at least one transition metal or a metal of the 3rd main group, and transition metal complexes, preferably complexes of Cu, Co, Ni, Pd and Pt with ligands containing at least one oxygen atom as a binding site.
- transition metal complexes preferably complexes of Cu, Co, Ni, Pd and Pt with ligands containing at least one oxygen atom as a binding site.
- Transition metal oxides as dopants preferably oxides of rhenium, molybdenum and tungsten, particularly preferably Re 2 07 , M0O3, WO3 and Re0 3.
- oxides of rhenium, molybdenum and tungsten particularly preferably Re 2 07 , M0O3, WO3 and Re0 3.
- complexes of bismuth in the oxidation state (III) in particular bismuth (III) complexes
- electron-poor ligands especially carboxylate ligands.
- the p-dopants are preferably distributed largely uniformly in the p-doped layer. This can be achieved, for example, by co-evaporation of the p-dopant and the hole transport material matrix.
- the p-dopant is preferably present in a proportion of 1 to 10% in the p-doped layer.
- the first hole-transporting layer contains two different compounds which correspond to a formula (I).
- the two different compounds which correspond to the same or different formula selected from formulas (I) and (II), are preferably contained in the first hole-transporting layer in a proportion of at least 5% each. They are particularly preferably contained in a proportion of at least 10%. It is preferred that one of the compounds is present in a higher proportion than the other compound, particularly preferably in a proportion which is two to five times as high as the proportion of the other compound. This is particularly preferred for the case that the first hole-transporting layer contains exactly two compounds which correspond to an identical or different formula selected from formula (I) and (II). For one of the compounds, the proportion in the layer is preferably 15% to 35%, and for the other of the two compounds the proportion in the layer is 65% to 85%. Among the formulas (I) and (II), the formula (I) is preferred.
- the compounds have a single amino group.
- An amino group is understood to mean a group which has a nitrogen atom with three binding partners. This is preferably understood to mean a group in which three groups are selected from aromatic and heteroaromatic groups
- Embodiment exactly two amino groups.
- Z is preferably CR 1 , where Z is C if a group is bound to it;
- X is preferably a single bond
- Ar 1 is preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from divalent groups derived from benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl,
- Ar 1 is, identically or differently, a divalent group derived from benzene which is substituted in each case by one or more radicals R 2 .
- Groups Ar 1 can be chosen identically or differently on each occurrence.
- n is preferably 0, 1 or 2, particularly preferably 0 or 1, and very particularly preferably 0.
- Groups Ar 2 are preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from monovalent groups derived from benzene, biphenyl,
- 9,9'-diphenylfluorene 9-sila-fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethyl-9-silafluorene and 9,9'-diphenyl-9-silafluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, Benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, quinoline, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine and triazine, the groups each being substituted by one or more radicals R 2 .
- Ar 2 are selected identically or differently on each occurrence from phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorenyl and 9,9'-diphenylfluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, indenofluorenyl, indenocarbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl , Dibenzothiophenyl, carbazolyl,
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from H, D, F, CN, Si (R 3 ) 3, N (R 3 ) 2, straight-chain alkyl or
- Alkoxy groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy groups with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, and heteroaromatic
- R 1 is particularly preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from H, D, F, CN, aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms; wherein said aromatic ring systems and said heteroaromatic ring systems are each substituted with radicals R 3 .
- R 2 is particularly preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from H, D, F, CN, Si (R 3 ) 4, straight-chain alkyl groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, branched or cyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic
- Ring atoms and heteroaromatic ring systems with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, wherein said alkyl groups, said aromatic ring systems and said
- heteroaromatic ring systems are each substituted with radicals R 3 .
- - Z is CR 1 , where Z is C if a group is bound to it;
- X is a single bond
- Ar 1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a divalent group derived from benzene which is in each case substituted by one or more radicals R 2 ;
- n 0 or 1
- Ar 2 is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the abovementioned formulas Ar 2 -1 to Ar 2 -272; - R 1 is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from H, D, F, CN, aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring systems
- Ring atoms and heteroaromatic ring systems with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms; said aromatic
- Ring systems and the said heteroaromatic ring systems are each substituted with radicals R 3 ;
- R 2 is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from H, D, F, CN, Si (R 3 ) 4, straight-chain alkyl groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, branched or cyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aromatic Ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, said alkyl groups, said
- aromatic ring systems and the said heteroaromatic ring systems are each substituted with radicals R 3 .
- Formula (I) preferably corresponds to a formula (1-1)
- Formula (II) preferably corresponds to a formula (11-1)
- Preferred embodiments of compounds of the formula (I) are those in WO2015 / 158411, WO2011 / 006574, WO2013 / 120577, WO2016 / 078738, WO2017 / 012687, WO2012 / 034627, WO2013 / 139431, WO2017 / 102063, WO2018 / 069167, WO2014 / 072017, WO2017 / 102064, WO2017 / 016632, WO2013 / 083216 and WO2017 / 133829 compounds mentioned as example structures.
- Preferred embodiments of compounds of the formula (II) are those in WO2014 / 015937, WO2014 / 015938, WO2014 / 015935 and
- FITM-2 Compounds of the first hole-transporting layer which correspond to the same or different formula selected from formulas (I) and (II) are referred to as FITM-2.
- FITM-1 corresponds to a formula selected from formulas (1-1 -A) and (11-1 -A)
- HTM-2 corresponds to a formula selected from formulas (1-1 -B), (1-1 -C), (1-1 -D), (11-1 -B), (11-1 -C), and (11-1 -D)
- FITM-2 particularly preferably corresponds to a formula (1-1 -B) or (1-1-D), very particularly preferably a formula (1-1 -D). According to an alternative preferred embodiment, FITM-2 corresponds to a formula (11-1 -B) or (11-1 -D), very particularly preferably a formula (11-1 -D).
- FITM-1 is preferably present in the first hole-transporting layer in a proportion which is five to twice as high as the proportion of FITM-2 in the layer.
- FITM-1 is preferably present in the layer in a proportion of 50% -95%, particularly preferably in a proportion of 60% -90%, and very particularly preferably in a proportion of 65% -85%.
- FITM-2 is preferably present in the layer in a proportion of 5% -50%, particularly preferably in a proportion of 10-40%, and very particularly preferably in a proportion of 15-35%.
- FITM-1 is present in the layer in a proportion of 65% to 85%, and FITM-2 is present in the layer in a proportion of 15% to 35%.
- HTM-1 has a HOMO of -4.8 eV to -5.2 eV, and HTM-2 has a HOMO of -5.1 eV to -5.4 eV.
- HTM-1 has a HOMO of -5.0 to -5.2 eV and HTM-2 has a HOMO of -5.1 to -5.3 eV. Furthermore, it is preferred that
- HTM-1 has a higher HOMO than HTM-2.
- HTM-1 particularly preferably has a HOMO that is 0.02 to 0.3 eV higher than HTM-2.
- the term “higher HOMO” means that the value in eV is less negative.
- the HOMO energy level is determined by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) according to the method described on page 28, line 1 to page 29, line 21 of the published patent application
- the second hole-transporting layer preferably directly adjoins the emitting layer on the anode side. Furthermore, it is preferred that it directly adjoins the first hole-transporting layer on the cathode side.
- the second hole-transporting layer preferably has a thickness of 2 nm to 100 nm, particularly preferably a thickness of 5 to 40 nm.
- the second hole-transporting layer preferably contains a compound of a formula (1-1 -B), (1-1 -D), (11-1 -B) or (11-1 -D), particularly preferably a formula (1-1 -D) or (11-1 -D) as defined above.
- the second contains
- Y is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from O, S and NR 1 ;
- Ar 3 is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from phenyl, biphenyl or terphenyl, each of which is substituted by radicals R 1 ; k is 1, 2 or 3; i is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from 0, 1, 2 and 3; and where the formula is substituted in each case by a radical R 1 in free positions.
- Y is preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from 0 and S, particularly preferably from 0.
- k is preferably 1 or 2.
- i is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from 1 and 2, particularly preferred 1.
- the second hole transporting layer consists of a single compound.
- the electronic device preferably also contains further layers. These are preferably selected from one or more hole injection layers,
- Hole transport layers hole blocking layers
- Electron transport layers electron injection layers, electron blocking layers, exciton blocking layers, intermediate layers
- electronic device contains one or more layers selected from electron transport layers and electron injection layers, which are arranged between the emitting layer and the anode.
- the electronic device particularly preferably contains one or more electron transport layers between the emitting layer and the cathode, in this order; prefers a single one
- Electron transport layer and a single electron injection layer, said electron injection layer preferably being directly adjacent to the cathode.
- the electronic device contains a hole injection layer between the anode and the first hole-transporting layer, which is directly adjacent to the anode.
- Hole injection layer preferably contains a hexaazatriphenylene derivative, as described in US 2007/0092755, or another highly electron-poor and / or Lewis acidic compound in pure form, ie not in a mixture with another compound.
- a hexaazatriphenylene derivative as described in US 2007/0092755
- another highly electron-poor and / or Lewis acidic compound in pure form ie not in a mixture with another compound.
- Examples of such compounds are below other bismuth complexes, especially Bi (III) complexes, especially Bi (III) carboxylates such as the above-mentioned compound D-13.
- the hole injection layer contains a mixture of a p-dopant, as described above, and a hole transport material.
- the p-dopant is preferably present in the hole injection layer in a proportion of 1% to 10%.
- the hole transport material is preferably selected from material classes known to the person skilled in the art for hole transport materials for OLEDs, in particular triarylamines.
- the sequence of layers of the electronic device is preferably as follows:
- -Electron transport layer- -electron injection layer-cathode materials for the hole injection layer and the optionally available further hole-transporting layers are preferably selected from indenofluorenamine derivatives, amine derivatives,
- Hexaazatriphenylene derivatives amine derivatives with condensed aromatics, monobenzoindenofluorenamines, dibenzoindenofluorenamines,
- Spirodibenzothiophenes phenanthrene diarylamines, spiro- Tribenzotropolones, spirobifluorenes with meta-phenyldiamine groups, spiro-bisacridines, xanthene-diarylamines, and 9,10-dihydroanthracene-spiro compounds with diarylamino groups.
- Hole injection layer and the optionally available further hole transport layers are shown in the following table:
- Particularly suitable materials for hole blocking layers, electron transport layers and electron injection layers of the electronic device are aluminum complexes, for example Alq3,
- Zirconium complexes for example Zrq4, lithium complexes, for example Liq, benzimidazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, quinoline derivatives,
- Oxadiazole derivatives aromatic ketones, lactams, boranes,
- Diazaphosphole derivatives and phosphine oxide derivatives are shown in the following table:
- the electronic device is characterized in that one or more layers are applied using a sublimation process.
- the materials are vapor-deposited in vacuum sublimation systems at an initial pressure of less than 10 5 mbar, preferably less than 10 6 mbar. However, it is also possible that the initial pressure is even lower, for example less than 10 7 mbar.
- An electronic device is also preferred, thereby
- one or more layers of solution e.g. B. by spin coating, or with any printing process, such as. B. screen printing, flexographic printing, nozzle printing or offset printing, but particularly preferably LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing) or ink-jet printing (inkjet printing) can be produced.
- Soluble compounds are required for this. High solubility can be achieved by suitable substitution of the compounds.
- one or more layers of solution and one or more layers are applied by a sublimation process to produce an electronic device according to the invention.
- the device After the layers have been applied (depending on the application), the device is structured, contacted and finally sealed in order to exclude the harmful effects of water and air.
- the electronic devices according to the invention are preferably used in displays, as light sources in lighting applications or as
- Light sources used in medical and / or cosmetic applications are used in medical and / or cosmetic applications.
- Glass plates coated with structured ITO indium tin oxide with a thickness of 50 nm form the substrates on which the OLEDs are applied.
- the OLEDs basically have the following layer structure: substrate / hole injection layer (HIL) / hole transport layer (HTL) /
- EBL Electron Blocking Layer
- Emission Layer EML
- Electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) and finally a cathode is formed by a 100 nm thick aluminum layer.
- the exact structure of the OLEDs can be found in Table 1.
- the emission layer consists of a matrix material (host material, host material) and an emitting dopant (dopant, emitter), which is mixed with the matrix material in a certain volume fraction by co-vaporization.
- a specification like SMB1: SEB1 (3%) means that the material SMB1 is present in a volume fraction of 97% and the material SEB1 in a volume fraction of 3% in the layer. The also exist analogously
- the OLEDs are characterized as standard.
- the electroluminescence spectra, the operating voltage and the service life are used for this certainly.
- the specification U @ 10 mA / cm 2 indicates the operating voltage at 10 mA / cm 2 .
- the service life LT is defined as the time after which the luminance, when operated with a constant current density, decreases
- Starting luminance drops to a certain percentage.
- An indication of LT80 means that the specified service life corresponds to the time after which the luminance has dropped to 80% of its initial value.
- the specification @ 60 mA / cm 2 means that the relevant service life is measured at 60 mA / cm 2 .
- OLEDs are produced that contain a mixture of two different materials in the HTL, and comparative OLEDs that contain a single material in the HTL, see the following table:
- the four test series differ in the different material in the EBL (HTM2, HTM4, HTM8 or HTM9). This shows that the effect the improvement in service life occurs in a wide range of applications with different materials in the EBL.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US17/608,028 US20220199908A1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2020-04-30 | Electronic device |
CN202080030019.4A CN113711375A (zh) | 2019-05-03 | 2020-04-30 | 电子器件 |
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JP2022530841A (ja) | 2022-07-01 |
TW202110789A (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
EP3963641A1 (de) | 2022-03-09 |
US20220199908A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 |
CN113711375A (zh) | 2021-11-26 |
KR20220005055A (ko) | 2022-01-12 |
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