WO2020213928A1 - 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법 - Google Patents
보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020213928A1 WO2020213928A1 PCT/KR2020/005041 KR2020005041W WO2020213928A1 WO 2020213928 A1 WO2020213928 A1 WO 2020213928A1 KR 2020005041 W KR2020005041 W KR 2020005041W WO 2020213928 A1 WO2020213928 A1 WO 2020213928A1
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- botulinum toxin
- column
- exchange chromatography
- present
- purifying
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/33—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Clostridium (G)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/52—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from bacteria or Archaea
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/36—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction, e.g. ion-exchange, ion-pair, ion-suppression or ion-exclusion
- B01D15/361—Ion-exchange
- B01D15/362—Cation-exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/36—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction, e.g. ion-exchange, ion-pair, ion-suppression or ion-exclusion
- B01D15/361—Ion-exchange
- B01D15/363—Anion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/16—Extraction; Separation; Purification by chromatography
- C07K1/18—Ion-exchange chromatography
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y304/00—Hydrolases acting on peptide bonds, i.e. peptidases (3.4)
- C12Y304/24—Metalloendopeptidases (3.4.24)
- C12Y304/24069—Bontoxilysin (3.4.24.69), i.e. botulinum neurotoxin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for purifying botulinum toxin, and more particularly, to a purification method capable of obtaining a high purity botulinum toxin by a simple process of anion exchange chromatography and cation exchange chromatography.
- Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by bacteria such as Clostridium butyricum , Clostridium baratii and Clostridium botulinum .
- Botulinum toxin blocks neuromuscular transmission and causes neuro-paralytic diseases in humans and animals.
- botulinum toxin type A is known to be very lethal to humans.
- seven other types of B, C1, D, E, F, G and H types of botulinum toxins have been identified.
- Each type of botulinum toxin can be distinguished by each type-specific antibody, and the severity of the paralysis they cause and the animal species they affect are different from each other.
- the molecular weight of the botulinum toxin protein molecule is about 150 kDa, consisting of a heavy chain of about 100 kDa conjugated to an about 50 kDa light chain.
- the botulinum toxin released by Clostridium bacteria is released by forming a complex of 150 kDa toxin and one or more non-toxin proteins.
- botulinum toxin is released as a 900kDa, 500kDa and 300kDa complex.
- Botulinum toxin can be very lethal to humans, but recently, botulinum toxin has been developed for the purpose of treating a variety of symptoms, including neuromuscular disorders characterized by hyperactivity of skeletal muscle.
- Botox BOTOX®
- Allergan, Inc. is a trademark of botulinum toxin A commercially developed by Allergan, Inc., which is used for the treatment of blepharospasm, strabismus, cervical dystonia and glabellar (facial) wrinkles.
- serotypes are also being studied to develop suitable uses for clinical use.
- Botulinum toxins for clinical use are generally isolated from cell cultures, and various purification methods are used.
- botulinum toxin is purified into a complexed form by a series of precipitation and tangential flow filtration steps.
- these methods are typically about 10% Provided a relatively low yield of less than.
- Another method is to individually synthesize one of the heavy or light chains of a botulinum toxin by recombinant means rather than a complete and biologically active botulinum toxin protein [see, eg, Zhou L, et al, Biochemistry 1995; 34(46):15175-81 (1995); And Johnson S K, et al, Protein Expr and Purif 2003; 32: 1-9 (2003)].
- these methods have the disadvantage of requiring an additional step to reform the complete and biologically active botulinum toxin protein.
- More recent methods include the use of hydrophobic interaction chromatography, mixed mode, and/or ion exchange chromatography to purify botulinum toxin as a complex. See, for example, US Pat. Nos. 7,452,697 and 7,354,740].
- the present invention provides a method for purifying botulinum toxin comprising the following steps:
- 1 is a result of analysis of botulinum toxin in an eluent by FPLC and SDS-PAGE after anion exchange chromatography according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a result of analyzing botulinum toxin in an eluent by FPLC and SDS-PAGE after cation exchange chromatography according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 3 is a result of SDS-PAGE analysis of the purification effects of botulinum toxin and commercially purchased botulinum toxin according to the present invention.
- a botulinum toxin in a uniform form of about 900 kDa having a higher purity than the botulinum toxin produced by the conventional method is separated and purified. It was confirmed that, in particular, when a Q column was used as an anion exchange resin and an SP column was used as a cation exchange resin, it was confirmed that botulinum toxin having a purity of 95% or more can be purified.
- the present invention relates in one aspect to a method for purifying botulinum toxin comprising the following steps:
- the anion exchange chromatography is preferably a Q column, and the cation exchange chromatography is preferably an SP column.
- the Q column means a column filled with a material containing a quaternary ammonium (Q) functional group
- the SP column means a column filled with a material containing a sulfopropyl functional group.
- the culture medium containing the botulinum toxin in step (a) of the present invention may be a culture medium of Clostridium botulinum strain obtained using a conventional method known in the art, and a conventional medium that can be used for cultivation is used. It is possible to cultivate using, but in particular, it is preferable to cultivate using a medium from which animal-derived components are excluded, for example, it is preferable to use PYG medium (Potato peptone 3%, Yeast extract 1%, Glucose 1%). .
- the botulinum toxin-producing strain used in the present invention is Clostridium botulinum or a variant thereof, and most preferably Clostridium botulinum type A, NCTC13319, but is not limited thereto, and botulinum toxin It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any strain capable of production can be used.
- the step of pretreating the culture medium in step (a) of the present invention may be a step of acid precipitation or ultrafiltration of the sterilized culture medium (for example, by deep filtration and/or sterilization filtration, etc.) as a specific embodiment. It is not limited.
- Acid precipitation may be characterized in that sulfuric acid precipitation or hydrochloric acid precipitation, but is not limited thereto. That is, the acid precipitation in the step (a) of the present invention is an acid such that the pH is 3.0 to 4.5, preferably the pH is 3.3 to 4.0, and most preferably the pH is 3.4 to 3.6, after the cultivation is terminated.
- hydrochloric acid may be added to acid-precipitate a culture solution containing botulinum toxin.
- the ultrafiltration membrane a cassette type or a hollow fiber may be used, but is not limited thereto. That is, the ultrafiltration in step (a) of the present invention may be to recover the culture solution containing the botulinum toxin by ultrafiltration with a membrane size of 50kDa to 500kDa, preferably 100kDa to 300kDa.
- DNase, RNase, nuclease and/or benzonase may be used to selectively remove nucleic acids in the pretreatment step, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the present invention may include an additional purification step in order to increase the purification purity of botulinum toxin.
- the purification step in the present invention is a process of additionally removing impurities after pretreatment, and may be performed by conventional processes such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and deep filtration.
- microfiltration can be performed using a hollow fiber of 0.1 ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the pretreated botulinum toxin is bound to an anion exchange chromatography column, dissolved in a buffer solution of an appropriate concentration and pH, and bound to the column, and then a buffer solution with enhanced salt concentration is used.
- a buffer solution with enhanced salt concentration is used in the eluting step.
- the column used for anion exchange chromatography is preferably a column equipped with a resin having a quaternary ammonium (Q) functional group, and more preferably a Q column. .
- the anion exchange chromatography in step (b) may be characterized by using a Q column, preferably Toyopearl Super Q 650M Column, Q sepharose FF column, Q Sepharose High Performance (Q Sepharose HP), etc. may be used, and more preferably, a Toyopearl Super Q 650M column or a Q sepharose FF column may be used.
- a Q column preferably Toyopearl Super Q 650M Column, Q sepharose FF column, Q Sepharose High Performance (Q Sepharose HP), etc.
- Q Sepharose HP Q Sepharose High Performance
- the Toyopearl Super Q 650M column is a 65 ⁇ m particle size containing quaternary ammonium (Q) functional group, a column equipped with a methacrylic bead type resin, and the ion exchange capacity is 0.25 ⁇ 0.05 meq/mL, and DBC (Dynamic binding capacity) is 149 mg/mL based on BSA.
- the Q FF column is 90 ⁇ m particle size, strong anion containing quaternary ammonium (Q) functional groups, and the ion exchange capacity is 0.18 ⁇ 0.25 mmol Cl-/mL.
- DBC is 120 mg/mL based on HAS.
- the botulinum toxin may be dissolved in a 30 to 70 mM sodium phosphate buffer solution having a pH of 5.0 to 7.0, preferably pH 5.5 to pH 6.5, and injected into the Q column, but is not limited thereto.
- the botulinum toxin bound to the column in step (b) may be characterized in that it is eluted with a 30-70 mM sodium phosphate buffer solution of pH 5.0 to 7.0, preferably pH 5.5 to pH 6.5, to which 0.4-0.6M sodium chloride is added.
- a 30-70 mM sodium phosphate buffer solution of pH 5.0 to 7.0, preferably pH 5.5 to pH 6.5, to which 0.4-0.6M sodium chloride is added.
- a 30-70 mM sodium phosphate buffer solution of pH 5.0 to 7.0, preferably pH 5.5 to pH 6.5, to which 0.4-0.6M sodium chloride is added.
- a 30-70 mM sodium phosphate buffer solution of pH 5.0 to 7.0, preferably pH 5.5 to pH 6.5, to which 0.4-0.6M sodium chloride is added.
- it is not limited thereto.
- the cation exchange chromatography column is preferably a column equipped with a resin having a sulfopropyl (SP) functional group, and more specifically, an SP column.
- SP sulfopropyl
- the cation exchange chromatography in step (c) may be characterized in that it is performed using an SP column, preferably an SP sepharose HP column , SP sepharose FF column, Capto S column, and the like may be used.
- the fraction containing botulinum toxin eluted from the anion exchange chromatography in step (c) is dissolved in a 15-25 mM sodium citrate buffer at a pH of 3.5 to 5.5, preferably pH 4.0 to 5.0, and injected into the SP column. It can be, but is not limited thereto.
- the SP sepharose HP column contains a sulfopropyl functional group, is in the form of a 6% spherical, cross-linked agarose matrix, and DBC is a column equipped with a resin having a ribonuclease A standard of 55 mg/mL and a particle size of 34 ⁇ m. to be.
- the SP sepharose FF column contains a sulfopropyl functional group, is in the form of a 6% Highly cross-linked agarose Matrix, and DBC is a column equipped with a resin having a ribonuclease A standard of 70 mg/mL and a particle size of 90 ⁇ m. .
- the botulinum toxin may be characterized in that it is eluted with a 15-25 mM sodium citrate buffer solution having a pH of 3.5 to 5.5, preferably pH 4.0 to 5.0, to which 0.4 to 0.6M sodium chloride is added, but is not limited thereto. Does not.
- the botulinum toxin purified by the above method may be characterized by having a purity of 95% or more of botulinum toxin type A, and the botulinum toxin purified as described above may be characterized by having a higher purity than the botulinum toxin purified by the conventional method.
- the botulinum toxin may be derived from Clostridium botulinum type A, NCTC13319, but is not limited thereto.
- fraction passes through a substance in which at least one target molecule (eg, botulinum toxin) contained in a biopharmaceutical formulation along with one or more impurities passes through a substance that binds to one or more impurities, and the target
- a molecule refers to a group in which each passed substance including a target molecule is separated and collected.
- purification means an operation to increase the purity by removing impurities from a certain substance, and in the present specification, purification is a botulinum produced by overgrowing and then killing the botulinum bacteria from the culture medium of the botulinum bacteria. It is to separate toxins and refers to a process used as a method to improve the purity during the production of botulinum toxins.
- the botulinum strain used in the present invention is Clostridium botulinum type A, NCTC13319, and the strain is in 500mL PYG medium (Potato peptone 3%, Yeast extract 1%, Glucose 1%) after the first inoculation and then 12 hours to 24 hours in anaerobic conditions ReadytoProcess It was incubated at 34 ⁇ 1 °C with a WAVE 25 incubator. After cultivation, when the growth of the strain was in the log phase stage, 100 mL of 5L PYG medium was inoculated and incubated for 40 to 72 hours in a ReadytoProcess WAVE 25 incubator under anaerobic conditions.
- the culture medium was sterilized using a sterilization filter, and only the culture medium was recovered.
- the culture solution was titrated to pH 3.5 using 3N sulfuric acid, and after confirming that it precipitated, it was stored for at least 16 hours in refrigerated conditions.
- Experimental materials used in the present invention are as follows: Purified water (Ultrapure water or water with equivalent or higher quality), Toyopearl Super Q 650M (Tosoh Bioscience, 43205), SP sepharose HP (GE Healthcare, 171087), Q sepharose FF ( GE Healthcare, 170510), SP sepharose FF (GE Healthcare, 170729), Butyl sepharose FF (GE Healthcare, 170980), Phenyl sepharose HP (GE Healthcare, 171082), Citric acid (Merck, 1.37002.5000), Tri-sodium citrate dehydrate (Merck, 1.37042.5000), Sodium phosphate monobasic (Merck, 1.06349.1000), Sodium phosphate dibasic (Merck, 1.06585), Sodium chloride (Merck, 1.37017.5000)
- the microfiltration equipment AKTA flux 6 (GE healthcare) was turned on and a 0.2 ⁇ m hollow fiber was connected. 5 L of distilled water was added and the equipment and the hollow fiber were washed twice under TMP 0.3 bar conditions.
- 1 L of 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 6.0) was added and circulated for 1 hour to extract.
- the extract was collected by the Permeate line of the microfiltration equipment, and a 300 kDa cut off hollow fiber was connected to the microfiltration equipment.
- the extract was added and concentrated to 500 mL under TMP 0.3bar conditions, recovered, and stored at 4°C.
- Toyopearl Super Q 650M Resin was mounted on AKTA Pure.
- Equilibration/washing buffer 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.0
- 200 mL of the sample prepared in Example 2-1 was injected at 8 mL/min.
- 2 CV, 216 mL of equilibration/washing buffer 50mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.0
- the equilibration and elution buffer were eluted with a 5 CV, 50% linear gradient (see Table 1). A total of 14 fractions were sequentially obtained, and the fractions were each confirmed by SDS-PAGE.
- Example 2-2 A Hitrap SP column (GE Healthcare, 17115201) was mounted on AKTA Pure. Equilibration/washing buffer (20 mM sodium citrate pH 4.5) was flowed with 2 CV and 10 mL to equilibrate the column.
- a sample (140 mL) prepared by collecting fractions 1 to 3 containing botulinum toxin through SDS-PAGE was dialyzed with 20 mM sodium citrate pH 4.5 and injected into the column at 5 mL/min. After injection, 5 CV, 25 mL of equilibration/washing buffer (20 mM sodium citrate pH 4.5) was flowed to wash the column.
- fractions 14 to 17 and 20 mL containing botulinum toxin were collected, poured into a 30 kDa cut off centricon, and concentrated to 0.5 mL under conditions of 4000 ⁇ g and 4°C. .
- the botulinum toxin purified by Example 2 and the commercially available botulinum toxin C-BoNT/A1 were each prepared in 50 mM Sodium phosphate Buffer (pH 6.2) to a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Diluted and divided into reducing conditions and non-reducing conditions as shown in Table 3 to prepare a sample for loading.
- the sample was electrophoresed in Novex Wedge Well 4-20% Tris-Glucine, 10 wells (Invitrogen, NP04200BOX), poured about 30 mL of Instant Blue stain reagen, put it on a shaker, dyed for 60 minutes, and then completely removed the dyeing reagent and purified water. After pouring about 30 mL, the washing process was repeated five or more times by placing it on a shaker for 30 minutes. When the background was sufficiently removed and the band could be confirmed, the gel was analyzed using an image analyzer.
- the botulinum toxin purified by the purification method of the present invention was found to have a band at the same position as the commercially available botulinum toxin, from which the purification method of the present invention can only purify the correct target protein. It was found that there were many impurity bands in the band of the standard C-BoNT, whereas in the case of the sample (Jetema) purified by the purification method of the present invention, a clearer and more distinct band was confirmed.
- the present invention can specifically purify only about 900 kDa toxins, and that the modification of toxins that may occur during purification is reduced as much as possible.
- the botulinum toxin purified by Experimental Example 1 which is the purification method of the present invention, was confirmed to have a high purity of 98.6%, and Experimental Example 2, which is a purification method using different types of resins, had similar results. (Purity 95.2%).
- the titer of botulinum toxin was found to be at a high level overall except for the toxin purified by the method of Comparative Example 1.
- a simple process consisting of anion exchange chromatography and cation exchange chromatography can improve the purity after purification of botulinum toxin, and in particular, it can be purified in the form of 900kDa botulinum toxin, so it can be usefully used in the production of botulinum toxin. have.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 다음 단계를 포함하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법:(a) 보툴리눔 독소를 포함하는 배양액을 전처리하는 단계;(b) 전처리된 보툴리눔 독소를 음이온 교환 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 정제하는 단계; 및(c) 양이온 교환 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 보툴리눔 독소를 정제하는 단계.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에서의 음이온 교환 크로마토그래피는 Q 컬럼을 이용하여 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 Q 컬럼은 Toyopearl Super Q 650M 컬럼 , Q sepharose FF 컬럼 및 Q Sepharose HP 컬럼으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (c) 단계에서의 양이온 교환 크로마토그래피는 SP 컬럼을 이용하여 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 SP 컬럼은 SP sepharose HP, SP sepharose FF 컬럼 및 Capto S 컬럼으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에서 보툴리눔 독소는 pH 5.5~6.5의 30~70mM 인산나트륨 완충액에 용해시켜 Q 컬럼에 주입되는 것을 특징으로 하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에서 보툴리눔 독소는 0.4~0.6M 염화나트륨이 첨가된 pH 5.5~6.5의 30~70mM 인산나트륨 완충액으로 용리되는 것을 특징으로 하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 (c) 단계에서 보툴리눔 독소는 pH 4.0~5.0의 15~25mM 구연산나트륨 완충액에 용해시켜 SP 컬럼에 주입되는 것을 특징으로 하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 (c) 단계에서 보툴리눔 독소는 0.4~0.6M 염화나트륨이 첨가된 pH 4.0~5.0의 15~25mM 구연산나트륨 완충액으로 용리되는 것을 특징으로 하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 정제된 보툴리눔 독소는 순도 95% 이상의 보툴리눔 독소 A형인 것을 특징으로 하는 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법.
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MX2021012522A MX2021012522A (es) | 2019-04-15 | 2020-04-14 | Metodo de purificacion de la toxina botulinica. |
EP20791856.6A EP3957647A4 (en) | 2019-04-15 | 2020-04-14 | BOTULINUM TOXIN PURIFICATION METHOD |
US17/603,326 US20220186201A1 (en) | 2019-04-15 | 2020-04-14 | Method of purifying botulinum toxin |
BR112021020486A BR112021020486A2 (pt) | 2019-04-15 | 2020-04-14 | Método para purificar toxina botulínica |
CN202080034507.2A CN114341167A (zh) | 2019-04-15 | 2020-04-14 | 纯化肉毒杆菌毒素的方法 |
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KR20240066551A (ko) * | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-16 | (주)제테마 | 보툴리눔 독소의 정제방법 |
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TWI797442B (zh) | 2023-04-01 |
TW202104243A (zh) | 2021-02-01 |
EP3957647A1 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
KR102485146B1 (ko) | 2023-01-06 |
KR102516204B1 (ko) | 2023-03-30 |
KR20200121245A (ko) | 2020-10-23 |
CN114341167A (zh) | 2022-04-12 |
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