WO2020126918A1 - Procede de nettoyage d'un reacteur de traitement d'une biomasse lignocellulosique - Google Patents
Procede de nettoyage d'un reacteur de traitement d'une biomasse lignocellulosique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020126918A1 WO2020126918A1 PCT/EP2019/085110 EP2019085110W WO2020126918A1 WO 2020126918 A1 WO2020126918 A1 WO 2020126918A1 EP 2019085110 W EP2019085110 W EP 2019085110W WO 2020126918 A1 WO2020126918 A1 WO 2020126918A1
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- reactor
- biomass
- aqueous solution
- cleaning
- impregnation
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000002029 lignocellulosic biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 76
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000427324 Glinus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000003433 Miscanthus floridulus Species 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aromatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008238 biochemical pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012487 rinsing solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M39/00—Means for cleaning the apparatus or avoiding unwanted deposits of microorganisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/20—Degassing; Venting; Bubble traps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/06—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by chemical means or hydrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/20—Heating; Cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P2201/00—Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P2203/00—Fermentation products obtained from optionally pretreated or hydrolyzed cellulosic or lignocellulosic material as the carbon source
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
- C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass to produce so-called second generation (“2G”) sweet juices.
- 2G second generation
- These sugary juices can be used to produce other products biochemically (for example alcohols such as ethanol, butanol or other molecules, or solvents such as acetone, etc.).
- different stages including generally three stages which are the preparation of liquor, the impregnation of the biomass with this liquor, and the pretreatment of the impregnated biomass by cooking, in particular with steam explosion.
- Lignocellulosic biomass represents one of the most abundant renewable resources on earth.
- the substrates considered are very varied, they concern both woody substrates such as different woods (hardwoods and conifers), co-products from agriculture (wheat straw, corn cobs, etc.) or other industries. food, paper, etc.
- the biochemical transformation process of lignocellulosic into 2G sweet juices notably includes a pre-treatment step and an enzymatic hydrolysis step with an enzymatic cocktail. These processes also most often include an impregnation step before the pretreatment.
- the sugary juices from the hydrolysis are then treated, for example by fermentation, and the process can also include separation steps and / or a purification step of the final product.
- Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of three main polymers: cellulose (35 to 50%), which is a polysaccharide essentially consisting of hexoses; hemicellulose (20 to 30%), which is a polysaccharide essentially consisting of pentoses; and lignin (15 to 25%), which is a polymer of complex structure and of high molecular weight, composed of aromatic alcohols linked by ether bonds. These different molecules are responsible for the intrinsic properties of the plant wall and are organized into a complex tangle.
- cellulose and hemicellulose are those that allow the production of 2G sweet juices. Most often, hemicellulose is mainly broken down into monomeric and oligomeric sugars during pretreatment, and cellulose is converted to glucose by enzymatic hydrolysis. However, access to the raw cellulose in the native substrate remains difficult for enzymes to access, hence the need for pretreatment. This pretreatment makes it possible to modify the physicochemical properties of the lignocellulosic in order to improve
- organosolv pulping There are also pre-treatment processes known as “organosolv pulping” according to the known English term (or treatment with organo-solvent in French). This latter process relates to a pretreatment in the presence of one or more organic solvents and generally of water.
- the solvent can be an alcohol (ethanol), an acid such as acetic acid, formic acid, or acetone, or a mixture of these compounds.
- the organosolv pulping processes lead to an at least partial solubilization of the lignin, a partial solubilization of the hemicelluloses.
- pretreatments are steam explosion cooking mentioned above, as it allows almost complete hydrolysis of hemicellulose and a significant improvement in the accessibility and reactivity of cellulose to enzymes.
- This pretreatment can be preceded / followed by other treatment (s), and it is that which will be of particular interest to the invention, without being limited to its application, however.
- a first solution provided to remove these residues consisted in emptying the reactor, therefore shutting it down, and opening it, in order to clean the internal walls of the reactor by mechanical and / or hydraulic action, that is to say say by scraping the walls and / or by sending water under pressure to several hundred bars.
- This procedure is certainly effective, but it consumes time and energy: it forces not only to stop the reactor, but also to wait for it to cool down (cooking is done at a temperature above 100 ° C and under pressure), then to open it, to operate the cleaning, to close the reactor and to reheat it before restarting production.
- the object of the invention is therefore to remedy these drawbacks. More specifically, the invention aims to develop a process for eliminating all or part of these residues, which is effective while reducing the reactor downtime and the expenses
- the invention firstly relates to a treatment process at acidic or neutral pH in a reactor for treating lignocellulosic biomass, said process comprising a continuous cleaning phase of the reactor which comprises the introduction of a solution basic aqueous in said reactor containing the biomass being treated.
- treatment in the context of the invention includes any step aimed at modifying at least one characteristic of the biomass. It can be, in particular, a pretreatment, a term known in the field of the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass, intended to prepare it for enzymatic hydrolysis.
- the pH of the basic aqueous solution before introduction into the reactor is preferably greater than or equal to 9, in particular greater than or equal to 10 or 11, and advantageously at least 12, in particular between 12.5 and 13.5.
- the invention has thus developed a process for cleaning the reactor which has proven to be very effective in removing all, or almost all, of the solid residue from the walls. It is therefore, according to the invention, to operate the cleaning with a basic aqueous solution (which may also be designated subsequently by the term “basic liquor”), for example a solution containing KOH, NaOH or any other mineral or organic base, even during the treatment of the biomass: cleaning is done while maintaining the biomass supply to the reactor.
- the cleaning of the reactor is therefore carried out with a reactor at least partially filled with biomass, which could, prior to its pretreatment in the reactor in question, be pre-impregnated with an acidic, neutral or oxidizing aqueous solution.
- the cleaning according to the invention is carried out by two combined actions: it is first chemical, with the action of the basic solution which has been found to be able to peel and / or dissolve the solid residues sticking to the internal walls of the reactor, but it is also mechanical, the particles of biomass exerting an abrasive effect, in addition, on said residues.
- provision may be made to heat the basic aqueous solution before its introduction into the treatment reactor, in particular to a temperature of at least 40 ° C, in particular of at least 80 ° C and for example of at most 120 ° C or 100 ° C. It has been found that the basic solution is effective more quickly if it is thus preheated outside the reactor.
- the introduction of the basic solution into the treatment reactor can take place in the pretreatment reactor, the internal volume of which is at a temperature of at least 120 ° C., in particular at least 140 ° C. It is preferably at most 240 or 220 ° C.
- This internal temperature of the reactor can be that at which the pretreatment is carried out in a conventional manner, in particular by cooking.
- the effect of the basic solution on the solid residues stuck to the walls of the reactor is indeed amplified when the solution / the reactor are hot.
- the biomass is introduced into the treatment reactor by a pressurized supply means, of the conical conveyor screw type, which is washed with an aqueous solution, and this solution is recycled. washing.
- This “pressate” can be recycled in various ways, for example as makeup water to prepare an aqueous solution of acidic or neutral pH which is used optionally, before the treatment of the biomass according to the invention, in order to impregnate it with water and / or to modify the pH thereof.
- the cleaning phase of the treatment reactor with the basic solution has a duration of between 15 minutes and 8 hours, in particular between 1 and 3 hours. This duration is therefore not very long, and can be adjusted according to the frequency with which the reactor is cleaned.
- the residence time in the treatment reactor of the biomass impregnated with basic aqueous solution is between 5 and 15 minutes. It is therefore a fairly short residence time, which is adjusted by the operating conditions of the reactor.
- this residence time can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of at least one of these internal conveying screws.
- the flow rate of the basic aqueous solution at the inlet of said reactor is preferably adjusted so that the dry matter content MS of the biomass decreases significantly during its passage through the reactor, for example a value of 30 to 60% DM, in particular of 50% DM, to a value of 15 to 25% DM, in particular of 20% DM.
- the basic aqueous solution will have a first role, which is to impregnate the biomass entering the reactor with water until the biomass is saturated with liquid.
- MS designates the dry matter content which is measured according to standard ASTM E1756 - 08 (2015) “Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Solids in Biomass”.
- the base concentration (KOH for example) of the basic aqueous solution is preferably adjusted so as to increase the pH of the biomass entering the reactor from an acid pH range between 0 , 5 and 3, preferably near 3, towards a basic pH range between 8 and 14, preferably at neighborhood of 13.
- KOH base concentration
- the filling rate of the reactor with the biomass during the treatment is between 20 and 80% or 90%.
- this filling rate can be maintained within this range, and even preferably (slightly) increased (for example by decreasing the speed of rotation of the screw or of at least one of the internal screws of conveying the reactor when it has one), which tends to improve the quality of cleaning.
- the continuous cleaning phase of the treatment reactor is carried out at a given frequency and / or when a threshold value of a physico-chemical or rheological characteristic of the reaction medium in said reactor is exceeded.
- This characteristic can be measured or evaluated directly or indirectly. This may be, for example, an engine power threshold used to rotate a conveyor screw in the reactor, to rotate agitating means in the reactor or any other moving part therein.
- the treatment according to the invention is a pretreatment in the conventional sense in the treatment of biomass, and this pretreatment is a cooking with steam explosion.
- Steam separated from biomass in a cyclone separation device at the outlet of the treatment reactor can be exhausted thermally, at least in part, with the aid of a heat exchanger, to heat the or one of the aqueous solutions used in said process.
- the heat Once the heat has been extracted from the steam, it condenses, at least in part: we can then recover the condensate, in particular via a condenser, and use it to make up water in the process (washing water for the various screws conveyors external to the reactors, basic or acidic liquor preparation water, etc.)
- Pretreatment can be done by baking, with or without a steam explosion.
- the biomass is impregnated with an acidic aqueous solution in an impregnation reactor, before its introduction into the pretreatment reactor.
- the two reactors can be connected in series and operate continuously.
- the acid content of the acidic aqueous solution brought into contact with the biomass during its prior impregnation is reduced or eliminated. impregnation reactor. It is thus possible to reduce the amount of base necessary for the preparation of the basic cleaning solution, since the amount of acid contained in the biomass to be neutralized is thus lower.
- the acidic aqueous solution brought into contact with the biomass is replaced, during its prior impregnation in the reactor
- impregnation with a basic aqueous solution, in particular the same as that which is injected during said phase into the pretreatment reactor: it is thus possible to further reduce the basic consumption necessary for cleaning compared to the previous embodiment. It can also be replaced by an aqueous solution of neutral pH, always for the same reason.
- several, in particular two, impregnation reactors are used in parallel to impregnate the biomass with an aqueous solution before its introduction into the pretreatment reactor: a first impregnation reactor is supplied with an acidic aqueous solution or an aqueous solution of neutral pH, and a second reactor
- impregnation is supplied with basic aqueous solution, the two reactors operating alternately, the second reactor being operational during at least part of the cleaning phase of the pretreatment reactor.
- This variant makes it possible to implement the preceding embodiments, by modifying the type of impregnation of the biomass before its pretreatment when the pretreatment reactor goes into cleaning mode, by switching the arrival of biomass to be impregnated with a reactor d impregnation to the other.
- a separation can be carried out between biomass and aqueous phase in liquid or vapor form at the outlet of the pretreatment reactor, by a separation device or several separation devices in parallel, in particular two separation devices, operating alternately. It can be cyclone type equipment.
- one of the two devices can be dedicated to the separation of “basic” pretreated biomass (that pretreated during cleaning), by only separating the pretreated biomass during cleaning, and the other device is then dedicated to the conventional separation of pretreated biomass with acid or neutral impregnation (that pretreated outside the cleaning period).
- the cleaning phase of the separation device (s) advantageously comprises, after the introduction of the basic aqueous solution into the pretreatment reactor, at least one rinsing of the separation device or of one of the separation devices with an aqueous solution, in particular between 1 and 10 successive rinses.
- the purpose of this or these rinses is to clean the “basic” biomass trace separator before returning to conventional production mode.
- the aqueous rinsing solution can be recycled from the separation device (s), in particular that which will be dedicated to the separation of the “basic” pretreated biomass, to prepare the basic aqueous solution. This reduces the consumption of the cleaning base according to the invention.
- the process uses only one separation device, it is effectively rinsed, but the rinsing water can be evacuated from the device with the rest of the biomass to continue the process downstream, without the need to extract it or recycle it.
- a subject of the invention is also a method for treating lignocellulosic biomass comprising the following steps: - the preparation of an impregnation liquor containing a catalyst, in particular an acid, - the introduction of the biomass into an impregnation reactor for be impregnated with the impregnation liquor, - the transfer of the impregnated biomass into a pretreatment reactor to undergo a pretreatment by cooking, - the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass, - the alcoholic fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysis must obtained , such that the process is carried out continuously on all or part of said steps, and such that a cleaning of the impregnation reactor is carried out without interrupting its production of pretreated biomass.
- the invention also relates to an installation for implementing the method as described above, installation which comprises from upstream to downstream:
- lignocellulosic biomass impregnation reactor in fluid connection with a tank for preparing an acidic aqueous solution
- a device for separating the pretreated biomass downstream from the pretreatment reactor and which is associated with means for rinsing with an aqueous solution is associated with means for rinsing with an aqueous solution.
- the implementation of the proposed invention therefore simply adds to the existing installation a tank for preparing the basic solution, which can be supplied with water, in concentrated base (KOH, NaOH for example, or any other mineral or organic base ), and he
- This tank is equipped with known means for, in particular, keeping the pH of the solution constant, by adding base (KOH) and / or water.
- the tank can also be provided with heating means for bringing / maintaining the basic solution at the desired temperature before introduction into the reactor.
- the heating means can, alternatively or cumulatively, be provided on the fluid connection means, type pipes, bringing the basic solution from the tank to the reactor.
- the installation in question can use two impregnation reactors and / or two separation devices and / or two pretreatment reactors, operating alternately depending on whether the pretreatment reactor is in the cleaning phase or not.
- the subject of the invention is also any installation for implementing the biomass treatment process mentioned above, such that this installation successively comprises: an impregnation reactor supplied with impregnation solution by a tank for preparing the said solution, and in biomass, - a reactor for pretreatment of the impregnated biomass which can be supplied in basic aqueous solution by a tank for preparing said solution, - an enzymatic hydrolysis reactor, and - an alcoholic fermentation reactor, all of the reactors being connected in series, or at least two of them.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of the method or of the installation described above for the treatment of biomass of the wood, straw, agricultural residue type, and all dedicated energy crops, in particular annual or multi-annual plants such as miscanthus. , to produce sugars, biofuels or molecules
- FIG. 1 represents the block diagram of the cleaning process according to the invention of a biomass pretreatment reactor fitting into a biomass pretreatment process.
- FIG. 2 represents a first variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 represents a second variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 represents a third variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 represents a fourth variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 represents a fifth variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 7 represents a sixth variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 8 represents a seventh variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 9 represents an eighth variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 10 represents a ninth variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 11 represents a tenth variant of the method according to FIG. 1.
- the process for cleaning a biomass treatment reactor is illustrated here in the context of a process for treating biomass intended for producing alcohols, in particular biofuel of the bioethanol type, according to the steps of the process according to FIG. 1, described quickly below.
- the cleaning method according to the invention can be applied in the same way to any biomass pretreatment reactor, and, more generally, to any reactor which is intended to treat a lignocellulosic biomass, the treatment intended to modify one of its chemical, physical or rheological characteristics, and being generally operated at high temperature.
- the biomass treatment method here taken as an example and represented in FIG. 1 comprises a first step of impregnating the biomass in a vertical reactor 3, followed by a step of pretreating the biomass once impregnated in a reactor. steam explosion 4 horizontal.
- a preparation tank 1 of an impregnation liquor containing a chemical catalyst is provided, which is made up of water E and of catalyst A which come to supply it, the catalyst is in this case a strong acid of type sulfuric acid concentrated in phase aqueous, this tank making it possible to supply the impregnation reactor 3 with a mixture of water E and chemical catalyst A,
- a conical screw 2 (also called in English terminology “plug screw” or “sealing screw”) for supplying fresh biomass (here wheat straw P) in the impregnation reactor 3,
- This impregnated and drained biomass is then sent to the pretreatment by a feed opening into a second conical screw 2 ’.
- the pretreatment reactor 4 processes the biomass impregnated by steam explosion
- a means for separating the steam 5 is supplied by the reactor 4 with biomass having undergone steam explosion cooking, of the cyclone type for example, with high output of steam V and low output of the pretreated / exploded biomass , also called must (or marc) M.
- This must M has at this stage an accessibility of the cellulose to enzymes sufficient to be treated by enzymatic hydrolysis for the production of 2G sugars.
- the conditions of the enzymatic hydrolysis and of the consecutive or simultaneous fermentation which follow this separation are adapted to the desired products and are known to those skilled in the art.
- the invention consists in continuing the operation of the two impregnation reactors 3 and of pretreatment 4, while proceeding with the chemical cleaning of reactor 4 in order to extract this coke C and / or to slow down its formation.
- This cleaning does not require opening the reactor and mechanical cleaning of the interior of the reactor as was the case previously.
- This cleaning according to the invention, detailed below, is therefore faster, more economical and safer, since it makes it possible to limit the operational risks linked to the assembly and disassembly of the unit, and, above all, since it allows do not stop production.
- a preparation tank 6 of an EB cleaning liquor containing a base This tank 6 makes it possible to supply the pretreatment reactor 4 with basic solution at a certain concentration. It is supplied with water E and base B (for example a base B in the form of an aqueous solution concentrated in KOH), the supplement of which is adjusted to obtain a liquor in desired quantity and at the concentration in base / at the desired pH.
- water E and base B for example a base B in the form of an aqueous solution concentrated in KOH
- the basic solution EB is an aqueous solution of KOH, with a KOH concentration of 1 to 50% by weight of KOH, preferably from 5 to 12% by weight of KOH, relative to water
- the flow rate of the EB solution in the reactor is between 100 and 500 kg / h, in particular around 300 kg / h
- the filling rate with the biomass impregnated with the basic solution EB of reactor 4 is from 20 to 90%, in particular around 30%
- the temperature at which the EB solution is injected into reactor 4 is between 80 ° C and 200 ° C, in particular around 130 ° C
- the temperature of reactor 4 is between 150 and 220 ° C, in particular around 200 ° C
- the residence time of the EB solution in reactor 4 is between 5 and 15 minutes, and in particular about 10 minutes.
- the frequency of the cleaning procedure can vary widely depending on the type and size of the pretreatment reactor 4, the type of biomass treated ...
- cleaning can be triggered when the torque of one of the transport screws internal to the reactor increases by more than 15% compared to the torque observed at the start of production. It can also be triggered after a given period, which can range from 2 hours to 4 months of production.
- the acid concentration A of the preparation tank 1 of the impregnation liquor can be reduced to a possibly zero concentration, or, ultimately, an impregnation which is done only with some water.
- the biomass can be impregnated with a basic liquor during the cleaning sequence, either with the same basic liquor EB as that prepared in tank 6, or a different basic liquor, in particular in terms of base B concentration.
- This variant makes it possible to reduce the amount of pure basic solution to be introduced into the pretreatment reactor 4, since there will be no more, or less, acid to neutralize in order to arrive at the targeted basic pH. However, a certain amount of basic liquor will be eliminated in the pressat (which corresponds to the water extracted from the 2 ’screw)
- FIG. 3 illustrates this variant: the tank 6 for preparing basic liquor EB always has two inlets, one for the concentrated base B (concentrated KOH), the other for water, but here it also has two outlets: an outlet to the pretreatment reactor as before and an outlet to the impregnation reactor 3.
- the impregnation reactor 3 it is possible to supply the impregnation reactor 3 either with the acid solution EA from the tank 1 in production mode, or with the basic solution EB from tank 6 in production mode + cleaning.
- the tank 6 can thus simultaneously supply the two reactors 3 and 4, or at least for a common period during the cleaning of the reactor 4. It is also possible to anticipate and start supplying basic solution EB with one of the front reactors the other, in particular the impregnation reactor 3 before starting the cleaning with the EB solution of the pretreatment reactor 4.
- the wort also called marc
- the wort can be recycled, in particular in the context of variant E with two impregnation reactors: the basic pretreated biomass M1 which leaves the separation device 5 during the cleaning of the pretreatment reactor 4. In indeed, during this period, it is basic.
- the impregnation, during cleaning, is carried out with a basic liquor by changing the impregnation reactor and the liquor preparation tank.
- H- Another variant consists in using two 5.5 'separation devices (cyclone) operating alternately, as shown in FIG. 7: a cyclone 5 ′ is added which is dedicated to the treatment of basic marc M1. In production mode, cyclone 5 is operational, it treats acidic marc M, in production + cleaning mode, the output of reactor 4 is switched to the second cyclone 5 'which will therefore only separate basic marc M1.
- the advantage of this variant is to reduce the transition time between the two modes.
- FIG. 7 combines this variant with variant G: the basic marc is also washed once separated in the cyclone 5 ′ to recycle the basic washing water E1 to the preparation tank 6 of basic liquor.
- the invention also applies to processes for pretreatment of biomass without pre-impregnation with a liquor (this is called self-hydrolysis): in this case, the biomass P, after having possibly undergone a treatment of the type mechanical (grinding, etc.), thermal (drying), or humidification, is directly introduced into the pretreatment reactor 4, as shown in FIG. 9.
- This variant represented in FIG. 11 recommends a thermal integration of the process, by condensation of the vapor V at the outlet of the cyclone 5. This vapor V is used to heat the basic liquor EB circulating in pipes between the tank 6 and the reactor of
- pretreatment 4 via a heat exchanger (not shown). It also serves to reduce the amount of water used in the tank 6 by recovering the condensate from the cooling of the steam leaving the cyclone, via a condenser (not shown).
- It relates to a mechanical cleaning of the pretreatment reactor with stopping production and opening the reactor, according to a previous solution.
- the operating conditions for producing pretreated biomass are as follows:
- the mass of coke C produced is 16 kg occupying a volume of 0.012 m 3 in reactor 4, ie a reduction in reactor volume of 8.7% and a coke production rate of 222 g / h.
- the characteristics and composition of the load of wheat straw are identical to those of the wheat straw used in Example 1.
- the operating conditions are detailed below:
- the cleaning procedure made it possible to reduce the production rate from 222 g / h in 72 hours to only 39 g / h after a production of 60 h separated by 3 cleanings of 2 hours each.
- Example 2 It is identical to Example 2 except that the production does not last 20 hours, but 80 hours.
- the mass of coke C recovered at the end of these three cycles does not exceed 3 kg, or a coke production rate of 41 g / h.
- the cleaning procedure made it possible to reduce the production rate from 222 g / h in 72 h to only 41 g / h after a 240 hour production separated by 3 cleanings of 2 hours each.
- the filler is still wheat straw, the characteristics and composition of which are as follows:
- Reactor temperature 200 ° C
- TCR poplar wood the characteristics and composition of which are as follows, with the configuration of FIG. 1 with addition of the tank 6 for the preparation of basic liquor, as for example 2:
- Reactor temperature 200 ° C KOH flow: sufficient to lower the DM to the saturation value of the biomass
- the cleaning according to the invention avoids having to stop production, with all the drawbacks associated therewith (loss of time, loss of output, heavier operator maintenance), or, at least, allows very complete spacing of complete cleanups with production stoppage.
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Abstract
Description
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CA3119409A CA3119409A1 (fr) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-13 | Procede de nettoyage d'un reacteur de traitement d'une biomasse lignocellulosique |
US17/415,829 US20220145232A1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-13 | Method for cleaning a reactor for processing a lignocellulosic biomass |
AU2019409121A AU2019409121A1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-13 | Method for cleaning a reactor for processing a lignocellulosic biomass |
BR112021010998-6A BR112021010998A2 (pt) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-13 | Processo de limpeza de um reator de tratamento de uma biomassa lignocelulósica |
CN201980085014.9A CN113396207B (zh) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-13 | 清洁用于处理木质纤维素生物质的反应器的方法 |
EP19832020.2A EP3898926A1 (fr) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-13 | Procédé de nettoyage d'un réacteur de traitement d'une biomasse lignocellulosique |
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FR1873762A FR3090422B1 (fr) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Procede de nettoyage d’un reacteur de traitement d’une biomasse lignocellulosique |
FR1873762 | 2018-12-21 |
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FR3075201B1 (fr) * | 2017-12-20 | 2021-05-21 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede de traitement de biomasse ligno-cellulosique |
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WO2024240463A1 (fr) | 2023-05-23 | 2024-11-28 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procédé de traitement d'une biomasse lignocellulosique |
FR3149019A1 (fr) | 2023-05-23 | 2024-11-29 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procédé de traitement d’une biomasse lignocellulosique |
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BR112021010998A2 (pt) | 2021-08-31 |
FR3090422B1 (fr) | 2021-05-21 |
CA3119409A1 (fr) | 2020-06-25 |
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CN113396207B (zh) | 2024-01-26 |
US20220145232A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
CN113396207A (zh) | 2021-09-14 |
AU2019409121A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
EP3898926A1 (fr) | 2021-10-27 |
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