WO2020045610A1 - Car発現t細胞及びcar発現ベクター - Google Patents
Car発現t細胞及びcar発現ベクター Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an immune cell expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (hereinafter, referred to as “CAR”) that can be used for cancer immunotherapy (herein, “CAR-expressing immune cell”).
- CAR-expressing immune cell a chimeric antigen receptor
- CAR-T cells T cells expressing CAR
- CAR-expressing immune cells such as CAR-T cells
- CAR-expressing immune cells such as CAR-T cells
- the present invention relates to CAR-expressing immune cells (such as CAR-T cells) expressing predetermined cytokines and chemokines, and expression vectors for producing the same.
- Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Literature 1 describe CAR-T cells expressing IL-7 and CCL19, which have better antitumor activity than conventional CAR-T cells. However, Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Literature 1 do not include specific descriptions of other combinations of cytokines and chemokines.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes a CAR-T cell expressing a membrane-bound chimeric IL-15 (mbIL-15) that has improved persistence independently of CAR signaling. However, Non-Patent Document 2 does not include a specific description of a combination of mbIL-15 and a chemokine such as CCL19.
- Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that by using a fusion protein in which IL-15 and an IL-15R ⁇ sushi domain are linked via a flexible linker, the use of a conventional IL-15 and an IL-15R ⁇ sushi domain in combination can be improved. It is described that the activity of proliferation of lymphocytes (NK cells, NK-T cells, memory CD8-positive cells) and activation of dendritic cells can be enhanced. However, Non-Patent Document 3 does not include a specific description of a combination of IL-15 and IL-15R ⁇ sushi domain with a chemokine such as CCL19.
- Non-Patent Document 4 describes that the transfection of a secretory fusion protein of mouse IL-15 and IL-15R ⁇ improves the survival and proliferation of CD8-positive T cells. .
- Non-Patent Document 4 does not include a specific description of a combination of IL-15 with a chemokine such as CCL19.
- Non-Patent Document 5 describes single-chain IL-27 (p28 and EBI3 linked by a flexible linker) and its effect on the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, Non-Patent Document 5 does not include a specific description of CAR-T cells or a combination of single-chain IL-27 with a chemokine such as CCL19.
- U.S. Patent No. 6,064,064 discloses T cells expressing recombinant IL-7, recombinant IL-15, or a combination thereof, wherein expression of such cytokines enhances T cell survival. Is described. However, Patent Document 2 does not include a specific description of CAR-T cells or a combination of the above specific cytokine with a chemokine such as CCL19.
- Patent Document 3 describes a modified natural killer T cell containing an expression construct encoding IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-15 or a combination thereof, and a CAR construct. I have. However, Patent Document 3 does not include a specific description of a combination of the above specific cytokine and a chemokine such as CCL19.
- Patent Document 4 describes CAR-T cells expressing membrane-bound cytokines such as IL-7, IL-15 (IL-15 / IL-15R ⁇ fusion protein), and IL-21. However, Patent Document 4 does not include a specific description of a combination of the above specific cytokine and a chemokine such as CCL19.
- Patent Document 5 describes a CD19-targeted CAR-T cell expressing IL-15. However, Patent Document 5 does not include a specific description of a combination of IL-15 with a chemokine such as CCL19.
- Non-Patent Document 6 describes a GPC3-targeted CAR-T cell expressing IL-15 and / or IL-21. However, Patent Document 6 does not include a specific description of a combination of the above specific cytokine and a chemokine such as CCL19.
- the present invention provides an immune cell (such as a CAR-T cell) having a higher antitumor activity than an immune cell (such as a CAR-T cell) that expresses CAR alone (and does not express a cytokine and / or chemokine). As an issue.
- an immune cell such as a CAR-T cell
- an immune cell such as a CAR-T cell
- ILIL-15, IL-18, IL-27, and CCL19 are cytokines and chemokines that are not expressed in natural (non-exogenous gene-introduced) T cells present in vivo.
- IL-21 is a cytokine expressed by natural T cells (eg, NKT cells, CD4-positive T cells) existing in a living body.
- the expression of the predetermined cytokine and chemokine is achieved by introducing a gene for expressing the exogenous predetermined cytokine and chemokine into T cells, thereby allowing natural T cells existing in a living body to be expressed. Also means expressing the above-mentioned predetermined cytokine and chemokine at a high level.
- the gene is introduced into immune cells other than the T cell, for example, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and the like. It is possible to extend to an embodiment in which the expression is carried out.
- the present invention includes at least the following inventions.
- [1] (1) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), (2) at least one selected from the group consisting of interleukin-15 (IL-15), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-21 (IL-21) and interleukin-27 (IL-27) Species, and (3) CC chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) T cells expressing [2] Item 2.
- Item 3 The T cell according to Item 2, wherein the IL-15 is IL-15 in a state of being linked to IL-15R ⁇ to form a fusion protein.
- the fusion protein is a fusion protein in which IL-15 LSP and IL-15 are linked (IL15 LSP ), a fusion protein in which IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain is linked to IL-15 ( s IL15 RA ), IL-15 and full-length IL fusion proteins -15R ⁇ are linked (mb IL15 RA), or is a fusion protein IL-15R [alpha] and IL15, including a signal peptide and sushi domain are linked (sushi IL15), T cell according to claim 3.
- the fusion protein is a fusion protein in which IL-15 and full-length IL-15R ⁇ are linked ( mb IL15 RA ), or a fusion protein in which IL-15R ⁇ and IL-15 containing a signal peptide and a sushi domain are linked ( sushi IL15) Item 4.
- the T cell according to Item 3 [6] Item 10.
- Item 7. The medicine according to Item 6, which is a therapeutic agent for cancer.
- the cancer is melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, colon cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck Cancer, small intestine cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, biliary tract cancer, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Item 8.
- nucleic acid encoding a CAR (2) An expression vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding at least one selected from the group consisting of IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27, and (3) a nucleic acid encoding CCL19.
- Item 10 The expression vector according to Item 9, wherein (2) is IL-15.
- Item 11 The expression vector according to Item 10, wherein the IL-15 is IL-15 in a state of being linked to IL-15R ⁇ to form a fusion protein.
- the fusion protein is a fusion protein in which IL-15 LSP and IL-15 are linked (IL15 LSP ), a fusion protein in which IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain is linked to IL-15 ( s IL15 RA ), IL-15 and full-length IL Item 12.
- the fusion protein is a fusion protein in which IL-15 and full-length IL-15R ⁇ are linked ( mb IL15 RA ), or a fusion protein in which IL-15R ⁇ and IL-15 containing a signal peptide and a sushi domain are linked ( sushi IL15) Item 12.
- a method for producing CAR-T cells comprising a step of introducing the expression vector according to Item 9 into T cells.
- Item 7. A method for treating cancer, comprising a step of administering the T cell according to Item 1 to a subject in need of treatment for cancer.
- the cancer may be melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, colon cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck. Cancer, small intestine cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, biliary tract cancer, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Item 16.
- Item 10 The method according to Item 15, which is acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma or leukemia.
- the T cell according to Item 1 for use as an active ingredient for treating cancer.
- the cancer may be melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, colon cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck. Cancer, small intestine cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, biliary tract cancer, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Item 18.
- the T cell according to Item 17 which is acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma or leukemia.
- the T cell of the above [1] is the “T cell of the present invention”
- the drug of the above [6] is “the drug of the present invention”
- the expression vector of the above [9] is “the expression vector of the present invention”.
- the method for producing CAR-T cells according to the above [14] may be referred to as “the production method of the present invention”.
- the medicine of the present invention according to the above [6] includes, for example, "at least one selected from the group consisting of (1) CAR, (2) IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27, and ( 3) a method for treating cancer, which comprises a step of administering a T cell expressing CCL19 to a subject in need of treatment for cancer, "(1) a method for using as an active ingredient for treating cancer, CAR, (2) at least one selected from the group consisting of IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27, and (3) T cells expressing CCL19 "," (1) CAR, (2 ) Use of at least one selected from the group consisting of IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27, and (3) T cells expressing CCL19 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer.
- a method for treating cancer which comprises a step of administering a T cell expressing CCL19 to a subject in need of treatment for cancer, "(1) a method for using as an active ingredient for treating cancer,
- T cell of the present invention obtained by expressing the predetermined cytokine and chemokine together with CAR in the T cell, and the related practice.
- Each invention such as the medicament of the present invention, the expression vector of the present invention, and the production method of the present invention as a form can be prepared by combining CAR and a predetermined cytokine and chemokine with immune cells other than T cells (NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendrites). Cells, etc.) and related inventions such as a drug, an expression vector, a production method, and the like as appropriate embodiments.
- the T cells of the present invention enhance the CAR's antitumor activity because the expression of certain cytokines (such as IL-15) and chemokines (CCL19) enhances the persistence and proliferation of the T cells.
- cytokines such as IL-15
- CCL19 chemokines
- the number of residual tumor cells can be reduced, the amount of IFN ⁇ produced can be increased, and the migration and accumulation of host immune cells (T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, etc.) at the tumor location can be improved.
- a medicament containing the T cell of the present invention can improve the therapeutic effect of cancer.
- the T cells of the present invention may be involved in NK cell activation, whereby carcinomas that are sensitive to NK cells (melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, colon cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer , Ovarian, fallopian tube, cervical, liver, lung, non-small cell lung, head and neck, small intestine, prostate, bladder, rectum, pancreas , Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, biliary tract cancer, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia, etc.) there is a possibility. Furthermore, by reducing the number of cells to be administered due to enhancement of the antitumor activity, effects such as reduction of side effects such as CRS (Cytokine Release Syndrome) and reduction of production cost are expected.
- CRS Cytokine Release Syndrome
- the combination of the predetermined cytokine and chemokine of the present invention can be used in combination with the CAR gene together with the CAR gene for all immune cells, that is, not only for the T cells as described above, but also for NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and the like. Even when introduced and expressed, the effect of obtaining various CAR-expressing immune cells having high antitumor activity can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of analyzing the expression levels of CAR (horizontal axis) and CD8 (vertical axis) by flow cytometry for the following T cells in the example (Test Example 1). Numerical values (%) in the figure represent the percentage of the cell population in each compartment relative to the total cells. "Transduction (-)” is the transduction (-) T cell (T cell without transduction) of Comparative Example 1, and "conv. CAR-T” is the conv.
- CAR-T cells (anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells), "15 LSP x 19 CAR-T” as IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells of Example 1-1 (IL15 LSP _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells ), "s 15 RA x 19 CAR-T” is s IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells of example 1-2 (s IL15 RA _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells), "mb 15 RA x 19 CAR “-T” is the mb IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cell ( mb IL15 RA _CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR-T cell) of Example 1-3, and “ sushi 15 ⁇ 19 CAR-T” is the product of Example 1-4.
- sushi IL15 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells ( sushi IL15_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells) and “18 ⁇ 19 CAR-T” are the IL-18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (IL18_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells) of Example 2.
- FIG. 2 shows that (A) IL-15, (B) IL-18, (C) IL-21, (D) IL-27 and (E) The results obtained by measuring the amount of CCL19 secreted into the culture supernatant by ELISA are shown.
- FIG. 3 shows the production of each of the above T cells 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after the activation stimulation by co-culture with human CD20-expressing P815 mast cytooma (hCD20 / P815) in the example (Test Example 2). The result of measuring the number of cells is shown.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of histogram analysis of the staining intensity of each of the T cells with the CytoTell reagent in the example (Test Example 2).
- FIG. 5 shows the flow cytometry of the cytotoxicity of each of the T cells against the target tumor cell (hCD20 / P815) and the control tumor cell (P815) in the example (Test Example 3). Shows the results of the measurement.
- FIG. 6 shows the culture supernatant of each T cell when co-cultured with (A) a target tumor cell (hCD20 / P815) and (B) a control tumor cell (P815) in an example (Test Example 3).
- 4 shows the results of measuring the concentration of IFN ⁇ in the medium.
- FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of genes and the like contained in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 (anti-human CD20 CAR DNA fragment).
- FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of genes and the like contained in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 (MCS ⁇ DNA fragment).
- Figure 9 represents the arrangement of genes and the like contained in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 (IL15 LSP _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment).
- Figure 10 represents the arrangement of genes and the like contained in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 (s IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment).
- Figure 11 represents the arrangement of genes and the like contained in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 (mb IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment).
- FIG. 12 shows the arrangement of genes and the like contained in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 ( sushi IL15_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment).
- FIG. 13 shows the arrangement of genes and the like contained in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 (IL-18_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment).
- FIG. 14 shows the arrangement of genes and the like contained in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 (IL-21_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment).
- Figure 15 represents the arrangement of genes and the like contained in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 (sc IL27_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment).
- FIG. 16 shows the results of measuring the antitumor activity (change in tumor volume) of the mouse melanoma tumor transplant model in the example (Test Example 4).
- FIG. 17 shows the results of measuring the antitumor activity (change in tumor volume) against the mouse colon cancer tumor model in the example (Test Example 4).
- transfection means introducing an arbitrary substance into a cell.
- the inside of the cell includes at least the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
- “Culture” or “culturing” refers to maintaining, growing, and / or differentiating cells outside a tissue or body, for example, in a dish, petri dish, flask, or culture tank (tank). Means
- “Pluripotency” refers to the ability to differentiate into tissues and cells with a variety of different morphologies and functions and to differentiate into cells of any lineage of the three germ layers.
- a “pluripotency” is a “totipotency” that can differentiate into any tissue of the organism, including the scutellum, in that it cannot differentiate into the scutellum and thus has no ability to form an individual. ".
- Multipotency means the ability to differentiate into a plurality of a limited number of lineage cells. For example, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and neural stem cells are multipotent, but not pluripotent.
- Stetem cells include, for example, pluripotent stem cells.
- “Pluripotent stem cells” that can be used in the present invention can be differentiated into tissues and cells having various different morphologies and functions of a living body, and can be divided into three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) Refers to stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into cells of any lineage. Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, embryonic stem cells (ESC), embryonic stem cells derived from cloned embryos obtained by nuclear transfer, sperm stem cells, embryonic germ cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (in the present specification, “iPSC ”).
- ESC embryonic stem cells
- iPSC induced pluripotent stem cells
- the“ multipotent stem cell ”(multipotent stem cell) that can be used in the present invention refers to a stem cell capable of differentiating into a plurality of cells of a limited number of lineages.
- the “multipotent stem cells” that can be used in the present invention include dental pulp stem cells, oral mucosal stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, cultured fibroblasts, and somatic stem cells derived from bone marrow stem cells.
- Preferred pluripotent stem cells are ESCs and iPSCs.
- iPSCs Induced pluripotent stem cells
- Nanog expression was selected as an index and established Nanog-iPS cells (Okita, K., Ichisaka, T., and Yamanaka, S. (2007). Nature 448, 313-317.), IPS cells prepared by a method without c-Myc (Nakagawa M, Yamanaka S., et al. Nature Biotechnology, (2008) 26, 101) -106), iPS cells established by introducing 6 factors by virus-free method (Okita K et al. Nat. Methods 2011 May; 8 (5): 409-12, Okita K et al. Stem Cells. 31 ( 3): 458-66.) Also used Door can be.
- induced pluripotent stem cells Yu J., Thomson JA. Et al., Science (2007) 318: 318: established by introducing four factors of OCT3 / 4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28 produced by Thomson et al. 1917-1920.
- Induced pluripotent stem cells produced by Daley et al. Park IH, Daley GQ. Et al., Nature (2007) 451: 141-146
- induced pluripotent stem cells produced by Sakurada et al. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-307007
- iPSC strains established by NIH, RIKEN (RIKEN), Kyoto University, etc. can be used.
- RIKEN RIKEN
- RIKEN RIKEN
- Kyoto University etc.
- human iPSC strain RIKEN HiPS-RIKEN-1A strain
- HiPS-RIKEN-2A strain HiPS-RIKEN-12A strain
- Nips-B2 strain Kyoto University 253G1, 201B7, 409B2 strain
- 454E2 Strains 606A1, 610B1 and 648A1 strains.
- clinical grade cell lines provided by Kyoto University and Cellular @ Dynamics @ International, etc., and research and clinical cell lines produced using these cell lines may be used.
- ESC embryonic stem cells
- RIKEN RIKEN
- NIH Various human ESC strains established by RIKEN, Kyoto University and Cellartis are available.
- human ESC strains include NIH CHB-1 to CHB-12 strains, RUES1, RUES2 strains, HUES1 to HUES28 strains, WisCell Research H1 strains, H9 strains, RIKEN KhES-1 strains, and KhES-2 strains. Strains, KhES-3, KhES-4, KhES-5, SSES1, SSES2, SSES3 and the like can be used.
- clinical grade cell lines and research and clinical cell lines produced using those cell lines may be used.
- “Comprise (s) or” comprising “indicates the inclusion of, but is not limited to, the element following the phrase. Thus, inclusion of an element that follows the phrase is suggested, but not exclusion of any other element.
- Consist (s) of or consistent of means including and limited to any element that follows the phrase. Thus, the phrase “consisting of” indicates that the listed elements are required or required, and that no other elements are substantially present.
- Consisting essentially of means including any element that follows the phrase, and limited to that element that does not affect the activity or action identified in this disclosure for that element. . Thus, the phrase “consisting essentially of” requires or requires the listed elements, while other elements are optional and may affect the activity or action of the listed elements. , Depending on whether or not it is caused, it indicates that it may or may not be present.
- the combination of the predetermined cytokine and chemokine of the present invention can be used together with the CAR gene in immune cells, in particular, T cells that carry cellular immunity among acquired immunity, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that carry natural immunity.
- immune cells in particular, T cells that carry cellular immunity among acquired immunity, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that carry natural immunity.
- the gene transfer and expression of the combination of the predetermined cytokine and chemokine of the present invention can be carried out by T cell (CAR-T cell), NK cell (CAR-NK cell), monocyte (CAR-monocytes), macrophages (CAR-macrophages), dendritic cells (CAR-dendritic cells) and the like can be provided with further technical features.
- CAR-T cell T cell
- CAR-NK cell NK cell
- monocyte CAR-monocytes
- macrophages CAR-macrophages
- dendritic cells CAR-dendritic cells
- the “immune cell” is not particularly limited as long as it is a cell (so-called immune effector cell) having the ability to damage target cells (pathogenic cells) such as cancer cells by some mechanism of action.
- T cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity NK cells responsible for innate immunity, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and the like can be mentioned.
- the immune cells can be T cells.
- the immune cell may be a cell responsible for innate immunity, such as NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and the like.
- HLA-type alloimmunocytes can be used off-the-shelf.
- CAR-NK cells see, for example, US2016 / 0096892, Mol ⁇ Ther. ⁇ 25 (8): ⁇ 1769-1781 ⁇ (2017), and for CAR-dendritic cells, CAR-macrophages, etc., for example, WO2017 / 019848, eLIFE . 2018 e36688 etc.
- the present invention will be described based on the description according to the embodiment in which a T cell is adopted as a representative example of an immune cell.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiment in which the immune cells are T cells, but also includes embodiments in which the immune cells are NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and the like.
- the immune cells are NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and the like.
- “(CAR-) T cells” may be appropriately replaced with "(CAR-) NK cells", “(CAR-) monocytes", “(CAR-) macrophages", “(CAR-) dendritic cells”. "Can be read.
- T cells of the present invention express (1) CAR, (2) at least one selected from the group consisting of IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27, and (3) CCL19.
- T cells in the present invention include ⁇ T cells, ⁇ T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, tumor infiltrating T cells, memory T cells, and naive T cells in the same manner as T cells expressing general or known CARs. Any T cells such as T cells and NKT cells may be used.
- T cells are isolated and purified from body fluids such as blood and bone marrow fluid, tissues such as spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, or immune cells that infiltrate cancer tissues such as primary tumors, metastatic tumors, and cancerous ascites. It may be something. T cells are induced to differentiate into T cells by culturing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), embryonic stem cells (ES cells), or other stem cells, progenitor cells, and the like under appropriate conditions. May be used.
- iPS cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- progenitor cells progenitor cells
- ⁇ T cells may be derived from humans or cells derived from non-human mammals (non-human mammals).
- Non-human mammals include, for example, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, monkeys.
- CAR expressed by the T cell of the present invention is basically the same as a general or known CAR, (i) a single-chain antibody that recognizes a cell surface antigen of a cancer cell, (ii) a transmembrane region, and (Iii) a peptide at each site of a signal transduction region that induces activation of T cells is constituted by being linked via a spacer as necessary.
- a single-chain antibody that recognizes a cell surface antigen of a cancer cell is typically a light chain variable region and a heavy chain variable region derived from an antigen-binding site of a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the antigen. And a single-chain variable region fragment (scFv) composed of a linker peptide linking them.
- scFv single-chain variable region fragment
- Cell surface antigens of cancer cells targeted by CAR are biomolecules that are specifically expressed on cancer cells and their precursor cells, and biomolecules that are newly expressed by canceration of cells Alternatively, any biomolecule having an increased expression level in cancer cells as compared to normal cells may be used.
- antigens are commonly referred to as “tumor-associated antigens” (TAAs) and include, for example, BCMA, B7-H3, B7-H6, CD7, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD30.
- the transmembrane region is a polypeptide that serves as a region for fixing CAR to the cell membrane of T cells.
- Examples of such a transmembrane region include BTLA, CD3 ⁇ , CD4, CD5, CD8, CD9, CD16, CD22, CD28, CD33, CD37, CD45, CD64, CD80, CD86, CD134, CD137, CD154, 4-1BB.
- CD137 CTLA-4, GITR, ICOS, LAG3, OX40, SLAMF4 (CD244, 2B4), or a transmembrane region derived from the ⁇ or ⁇ chain of the T cell receptor.
- the transmembrane region of CD8 is preferably the transmembrane region of CD8.
- a hinge region consisting of a peptide (oligopeptide or polypeptide) having an arbitrary amino acid sequence and having a length of 1 to 100 amino acids, preferably 10 to 70 amino acids may be linked to the cell transmembrane region.
- Such hinge regions include, for example, hinge regions derived from CD3, CD8, KIR2DS2, or IgG4, IgD or other immunoglobulins.
- 97% or more, 98% or more or 99% or more homologous amino acid sequence can be used.
- the hinge region is preferably a hinge region of CD8.
- a signal transduction region that induces T cell activation is a region for transmitting a signal into a T cell when the single-chain antibody recognizes and binds to a cell surface antigen of a cancer cell; Is a polypeptide.
- Such signaling regions include, for example, MHC class I molecules, TNF receptor proteins, immunoglobulin-like proteins, cytokine receptors, integrins, activated NK cell receptors, Toll-like receptors, B7-H3, BAFFR, BTLA, BY55 (CD160), CD2, CD3 ⁇ , CD4, CD7, CD8 ⁇ , CD8 ⁇ , CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD11d, CD18, CD19, CD19a, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD30, CD40, CD49a, CD49D, CD49f, CD69 CD84, CD96 (Tactile), CD103, 4-1BB (CD137), CDS, CEACAM1, CRTAM, CNAM1 (CD226), DAP10, Fc @ Receptor-associate d ⁇ chain, GADS, GITR, HVEM (LIGHTTR), IA4, ICAM-1, ICOS (CD278), IL2R ⁇ , IL2R ⁇ , IL
- the signaling region preferably comprises three intracellular regions: CD28, 4-1BB, and CD3 ⁇ .
- the respective intracellular regions may be connected to each other via a linker peptide (oligopeptide or polypeptide) composed of 2 to 10 amino acids.
- linker peptide include a peptide consisting of a glycine-serine continuous sequence.
- Each of the single-chain antibody and the transmembrane region, and the transmembrane region and the signal transduction region are peptides (oligopeptides or polypeptides) each having an arbitrary amino acid sequence and having a length of 1 to 100 amino acids, preferably 10 to 50 amino acids.
- Certain spacer regions may be included. Examples of the spacer region include a peptide consisting of a glycine-serine continuous sequence.
- the amino acid sequence of CAR as described above expressed by the T cell of the present invention may be appropriate depending on the use of the T cell, typically the function as an active ingredient of a medicament for treating cancer. I just need.
- Various amino acid sequences are known for the single-chain antibody (i) against the cell surface antigen of cancer cells, and information on the amino acid sequence can be used in the present invention.
- an antibody against a cell surface antigen of a desired cancer cell is newly prepared according to a conventional method, and the amino acid sequence of the new antibody (preferably, heavy and light chain variable regions, particularly CDR) is determined. Information may be used in the present invention.
- various amino acid sequences of the transmembrane region (ii) and the T cell activation signal transduction region (iii) are known from humans and non-human mammals, and are known from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology). Information; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/) and UniProt (The Universal Protein Resource; https://www.uniprot.org) Information can also be used in the present invention.
- the cytokine expressed by the T cell of the present invention is at least one selected from the group consisting of IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27.
- the T cell of the present invention may express any one of the above four types of cytokines, or may express two or more types.
- IL-15 is a cytokine having functions related to T cell survival, activation and differentiation into memory T cells, and NK cell activation.
- the term “IL-15” in the present invention encompasses not only natural full-length IL-15 protein but also various embodiments as long as the function of IL-15 in the effect of the present invention is retained. That is, “IL-15” in the present invention includes not only the entire protein (polypeptide) consisting of the amino acid sequence of natural IL-15 but also a part thereof (functional partial polypeptide) and the natural amino acid sequence.
- the whole or part of native IL-15 or a variant thereof is linked to another protein to form a fusion protein (eg, linked to the whole or part of IL-15R ⁇ and fused).
- a fusion protein eg, linked to the whole or part of IL-15R ⁇ and fused.
- IL-15 includes, for example, the following four embodiments. These are all publicly known (see Non-Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 4, and Patent Document 4 and the like described above). However, IL-15 that can be used in the present invention is not limited to these specific examples, and the presence or absence and type of signal peptide and linker in the sequence, the order of each element, and various other aspects modified from other viewpoints It is also possible to use IL-15 (sometimes referred to herein as "modified" IL-15).
- IL-15 LSP / IL-15 may be referred to as “IL15 LSP ” in this specification).
- IL-15LSP is a long-chain signal peptide consisting of 29 amino acids, which is bound to the N-terminal side of IL-15 in the first embodiment.
- IL-15LSP also refers to not only the entire polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of natural IL-15LSP, but also a part thereof (functional partial polypeptide) or one or more polypeptides relative to the natural amino acid sequence.
- IL-15 LSP in which the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is deleted, substituted or added (preferably to the extent having homology as described later), or a part thereof.
- IL-15LSP is replaced with “IL-2SP” (a signal peptide of IL-2. Or a variant thereof).
- IL15 / IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain (herein may be referred to as "s IL15 RA".)
- IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain refers to a portion of IL-15R ⁇ (interleukin 15 receptor ⁇ chain) excluding the transmembrane domain and the intracellular domain.
- the IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain contains a sushi domain (a motif commonly found in various binding proteins).
- the term “IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain” refers to not only the entire polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of the natural IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain but also a part thereof (functional partial polypeptide) or the natural amino acid sequence.
- IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain in which one or more amino acid sequences have been deleted, substituted or added (preferably to the extent having homology as described below), or a part thereof, Include.
- the IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain is usually bound to the C-terminal side of IL-15 via a linker (for example, a glycine-serine linker consisting of 26 amino acids).
- IL-2SP IL-2SP, which is an IL-2 signal peptide and is a whole or part of a natural protein, or a part thereof
- IL-15LSP May be variants.
- the second embodiment is of the secretory type, such as IL-15R ⁇ (interleukin 15 receptor ⁇ chain shared with interleukin 2 receptor) and ⁇ c (interleukin 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 21, etc.).
- IL-15R ⁇ interleukin 15 receptor ⁇ chain shared with interleukin 2 receptor
- ⁇ c interleukin 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 21, etc.
- IL-15 Full length of IL-15 / IL-15R ⁇ (may be referred to as “ mb IL15 RA ” herein)
- the “full-length IL-15R ⁇ ” includes both the extracellular domain, the transmembrane domain and the intracellular domain of IL-15R ⁇ , and in the third embodiment, is usually a linker (for example, a glycine-serine linker composed of 20 amino acids). ) To the C-terminal side of IL-15.
- full-length IL-15R ⁇ refers to not only the entire protein (polypeptide) consisting of the full-length amino acid sequence of natural IL-15R ⁇ but also one or more amino acid sequences relative to the natural amino acid sequence (preferably described below). Also included are full-length variants of native IL-15R ⁇ deleted, substituted or added (to the extent that they have homology to the same). Also in the third embodiment, IL-2SP (which may be the whole or a part of a natural protein or a variant thereof) is usually provided on the N-terminal side of IL-15 instead of IL-15LSP. Are combined. The third embodiment is of the membrane-bound type, and the expression thereof enhances the antitumor activity of CAR-T cells.
- IL-15R ⁇ sushi / IL-15 may be referred to as “ sushi IL15” in this specification).
- IL-15R ⁇ containing a signal peptide and a sushi domain is bound to the N-terminal side of IL-15, usually via a linker (eg, a linker consisting of 20 amino acids).
- the term “IL-15R ⁇ sushi” refers to not only the entire polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of natural IL-15R ⁇ sushi, but also a part thereof (functional partial polypeptide) or one or more polypeptides relative to the natural amino acid sequence.
- the whole or a part of the natural IL-15R ⁇ sushi in which the amino acid sequence of the present invention is deleted, substituted or added (preferably to the extent having homology as described later) is also encompassed.
- the fourth embodiment is a secretory type.
- IL-15R ⁇ whole protein having a natural amino acid sequence or whole
- Preference is given to IL-15 (whole or part of a protein having the natural amino acid sequence or a variant thereof) in the form of a fusion protein with that part or a variant thereof.
- the above-described second, third or fourth embodiments or modified versions thereof are preferable, and the above-described third and fourth embodiments or modified versions thereof are more preferable.
- IL-18 is a cytokine having functions related to T cell activation, NK cell activation, and dendritic cell activation.
- the term “IL-18” in the present invention encompasses not only natural full-length IL-18 protein but also various embodiments as long as the function of IL-18 in the effect of the present invention is retained. That is, “IL-18” in the present invention includes not only the full-length protein (polypeptide) consisting of the amino acid sequence of natural IL-18 but also a part thereof (functional partial polypeptide) and the natural amino acid sequence.
- the T cell expresses IL-18 refers to the various forms of IL-18 (total proteins having a natural amino acid sequence) as described above as long as the effects of the present invention are not lost. Or a portion thereof, or a variant thereof, which may or may not be in the form of a fusion protein).
- IL-21 is a cytokine having functions related to the function of CD8 + T cells, differentiation into memory T cells, and survival of NK cells.
- the term “IL-21” in the present invention includes not only natural full-length IL-21 protein but also various embodiments as long as the function of IL-21 in the effects of the present invention is retained. That is, “IL-21” in the present invention includes not only the full length protein (polypeptide) consisting of the amino acid sequence of natural IL-21 but also a part thereof (functional partial polypeptide) and the natural amino acid sequence.
- the expression "the T cell expresses IL-21” refers to various forms of IL-21 (total protein having a natural amino acid sequence) as described above as long as the effects of the present invention are not lost. Or a portion thereof, or a variant thereof, which may or may not be in the form of a fusion protein).
- IL-27 is a cytokine having functions related to survival of T cells, activation of NK cells, inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis, and the like.
- the term “IL-27” in the present invention encompasses not only natural full-length IL-27 protein but also various embodiments as long as the function of IL-27 in the effect of the present invention is retained. That is, “IL-27” in the present invention includes not only the full-length protein (polypeptide) consisting of the amino acid sequence of natural IL-27 but also a part thereof (functional partial polypeptide) and the natural amino acid sequence.
- the expression “the T cell expresses IL-27” refers to various forms of IL-27 (total protein having a natural amino acid sequence) as described above as long as the effects of the present invention are not lost. Or a portion thereof, or a variant thereof, which may or may not be in the form of a fusion protein).
- IL-27 for example, two subunits constituting IL-27, p28 and EBI3 (Epstein-Barr virus-inducible gene 3) are formed from a linker, eg, 20 to 30 amino acids such as (G 4 S) 3. And a fusion protein (single-chain protein) linked by a linker consisting of GSTSGSGKPGSGEGSTKG (J Immunol. 183, 6217-26 (2009)).
- the terms "p28” and "EBI3" also encompass the whole or a portion of a polypeptide having the naturally occurring amino acid sequence, or a variant thereof, respectively.
- the amino acid sequence of the above-described cytokine expressed by the T cell of the present invention can be used for the T cell (CAR-T cell) of the present invention, typically as an active ingredient of a medicament for treating cancer.
- CAR-T cell T cell
- the amino acid sequences of native IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27 and IL-15R ⁇ from humans and non-human mammals (eg, mice) are known and can be found in databases such as NCBI, UniProt and the like. Is also registered, the information can be used in the present invention.
- the amino acid sequence of human native IL-15 (full length including the signal peptide and propeptide portions) registered as UniProtKB-P40933 is shown as SEQ ID NO: 18, and the amino acid sequence of human registered as UniProtKB-Q13261 is shown as SEQ ID NO: 18.
- the amino acid sequence of natural IL-15R ⁇ (full length including signal peptide, sushi domain, extracellular domain, etc.) is shown as SEQ ID NO: 19, respectively.
- the amino acid sequence of the corresponding portion contained in SEQ ID NO: 18 and 19 is Can be referenced.
- Various variants of IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27 and IL-15R ⁇ , fusion proteins with other proteins, and their modified forms are known, and their amino acid sequences are known. Can be used in the present invention.
- each of IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27 for example, as a whole or a partial region (domain), when a signal peptide is replaced as described below, for example, the signal peptide Is 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more with respect to the natural amino acid sequence of each human or non-human mammal. , 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more or 99% or more homologous amino acid sequences.
- Variants having the above range of homology to a natural amino acid sequence derived from one species may include (substantially include) a natural amino acid sequence derived from another species.
- IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27 may be obtained by replacing the signal peptide in the sequence with a known signal peptide.
- SEQ ID NO 4 IL15 LSP _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 3)
- SEQ ID NO 6 s IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 4)
- SEQ ID NO 8 mb IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 5)
- SEQ ID NO: 14 IL-21_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment) # 8)
- SEQ ID NO 16 sc IL27_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 9), in the amino acid sequence of a protein
- Each of the IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain, IL-15R ⁇ full-length and IL-15R ⁇ sushi variants may be 80% or more, 85% or more, and 90% or more of the natural amino acid sequence derived from each human or non-human mammal. Above, those having an amino acid sequence having a homology of 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or 99% or more.
- SEQ ID NO 4 IL15 LSP _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 3), SEQ ID NO 6: s IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 4), SEQ ID NO 8: mb IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 5), SEQ ID NO: 10: sushi IL15_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 6), in the amino acid sequence of a protein (polypeptide) expressed from each base sequence, or SEQ ID NO: 5: fusion protein containing IL15 LSP SEQ ID NO: 7: fusion protein containing s IL15 RA , SEQ ID NO: 9: fusion protein containing mb IL15 RA , SEQ ID NO: 11: fusion protein containing sushi IL15, In addition, the amino acid sequence of the mouse extracellular IL-15R ⁇ extracellular domain, IL-15R ⁇ full length or IL-15
- IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27 are the T cells (IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27 possessed by the T cells) used for producing the T cells of the present invention.
- the receptor is preferably of the same type as that of the human or non-human mammal (eg, mouse).
- IL-15R ⁇ sites other than IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27 contained in the fusion proteins of IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27.
- Those derived from humans or non-human mammals of the same type as the T cells used to produce the T cells of the present invention are preferred.
- SEQ ID NO 4 IL15 LSP _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 3), SEQ ID NO 6: s IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 4), SEQ ID NO 8: mb IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 5), SEQ ID NO: 10: sushi IL15_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 6), SEQ ID NO: 12: IL-18_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 7), SEQ ID NO: 14: IL-21_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment) # 8), SEQ ID NO 16: sc IL27_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 9), in the amino acid sequence of a protein (polypeptide) expressed from the respective base sequences, or sequences Issue 5: IL15 fusion protein containing the LSP, SEQ ID NO 7: s Issue 5: IL15 fusion protein
- CCL19 The chemokine expressed by the T cell of the present invention is CCL19.
- CCL19 is mainly produced from lymph node dendritic cells and macrophages, and has a function of inducing mailing of T cells, B cells and mature dendritic cells via its receptor, CCR7.
- CCL19 in the present invention refers to not only the full-length protein (polypeptide) consisting of the amino acid sequence of natural CCL19, but also a part thereof (functional partial polypeptide) or one or more amino acids relative to the natural amino acid sequence.
- the full-length natural CCL19 or a partial variant thereof in which the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is deleted, substituted or added (preferably to the extent having homology as described below) is also encompassed.
- the amino acid sequence of the above-described chemokine expressed by the T cell of the present invention depends on the use of the T cell (CAR) of the present invention, typically as a function as an active ingredient of a medicament for treating cancer. It may be appropriate while taking into account the effect of CAR-T cells on the enhancement of antitumor activity, including the enhancement of CAR-T cell persistence and proliferation.
- Amino acid sequences of natural CCL19 derived from humans and mammals other than humans (for example, mice) are known and registered in databases such as NCBI and UniProt, and the information can be used in the present invention. .
- amino acid sequence information of those known as variants of CCL19 can also be used in the present invention.
- CCL19 for example, as a whole or a partial region, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more of the amino acid sequence of natural CCL19 derived from human or non-human mammal Above, those having an amino acid sequence of 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or 99% or more of homology can be mentioned.
- SEQ ID NO 4 IL15 LSP _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 3), SEQ ID NO 6: s IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 4), SEQ ID NO 8: mb IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 5), SEQ ID NO: 10: sushi IL15_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 6), SEQ ID NO: 12: IL-18_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 7), SEQ ID NO: 14: IL-21_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment) # 8), SEQ ID NO 16: sc IL27_F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 9), in the amino acid sequence of the protein expressed from the respective base sequences (polypeptides), mouse natural
- the amino acid sequence of CCL19 is an amino acid sequence variants having homology as described above, or corresponds substantially
- the CCL19 is preferably derived from a human or a non-human mammal (for example, a mouse) of the same type as the T cell (the receptor for CCL19 possessed by the T cell) used for producing the T cell of the present invention, or a variant thereof. .
- the medicament of the present invention contains the T cell of the present invention as described above, and may further contain other components as necessary.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately prepare the medicament of the present invention using the T cell of the present invention in consideration of the use (target for treatment) and the dosage form.
- the medicament of the present invention is mainly intended for the treatment of cancer corresponding to a cell surface antigen (cancer-specific antigen) of a cancer cell, which is targeted by the CAR expressed by the T cell of the present invention.
- cancer-specific antigen a cell surface antigen
- the cancer of the present invention contains the cancer cell expressing the antigen targeted by the CAR in the cancer tissue, and as long as a certain level of therapeutic effect is recognized by the T cell of the present invention, the pharmaceutical of the present invention is targeted.
- the type of cancer is not particularly limited.
- NK cell-sensitive carcinoma (melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, colon cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, non-small cancer Cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, small intestine cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, biliary tract cancer, nerve Blastoma, osteosarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia, etc.). More preferably, melanoma, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia are mentioned.
- Components other than T cells that can be contained in the medicament of the present invention include, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable additives, more specifically, physiological saline, buffered saline, cell culture medium, dextrose, Water for injection, glycerol, ethanol, stabilizers, solubilizers, surfactants, buffers, preservatives, isotonic agents, fillers, lubricants and the like can be mentioned.
- pharmaceutically acceptable additives more specifically, physiological saline, buffered saline, cell culture medium, dextrose, Water for injection, glycerol, ethanol, stabilizers, solubilizers, surfactants, buffers, preservatives, isotonic agents, fillers, lubricants and the like can be mentioned.
- the medicament of the present invention can be used by administering it to a subject in need of cancer treatment (cancer patient, tumor-bearing animal, etc.) in the same manner as known T cells expressing CAR.
- Examples of the administration method include injection into a tumor, intravenously, intraarterially, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and the like.
- the amount of the T cells of the present invention contained in the medicament of the present invention depends on the use, dosage form, target therapeutic effect, and the like, for example, the type, location, and severity of cancer, the age and weight of the subject to be treated. It can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the condition and the state.
- the medicament of the present invention contains 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 10 T cells of the present invention, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells, more preferably 5 ⁇ , in one administration. It can be formulated so that 10 6 to 5 ⁇ 10 8 are administered.
- the administration interval of the medicament of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the amount of the T cell of the present invention to be administered at one time, for example, four times a day, 3 times, 2 times or once every 1 day, every 2 days, every 3 days, every 4 days, every 5 days, once a week, every 7 days, every 8 days, every 9 days, twice a week, every month It can be administered once or twice a month independently.
- Anticancer agent include, for example, alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, bendamustine, iosfamide, and dacarbazine; antimetabolites such as pentostatin, fludarabine, cladribine, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, and enocitabine; Targeted drugs such as rituximab, cetuximab, trastuzumab; kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dasatinib, sunitinib, trametinib; proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib; Anticancer antibiotics such as C; plant alkaloids such as irinotecan and etoposide; cisplatin,
- the medicament of the present invention When the medicament of the present invention is used in combination with another anticancer agent, (a) the medicament of the present invention is used after using the other anticancer agent, and (b) the medicament of the present invention and another anticancer agent are used. And (c) using the medicament of the present invention and then using another anticancer agent.
- the pharmaceutical of the present invention When the pharmaceutical of the present invention is used in combination with another anticancer agent, the therapeutic effect of cancer is further improved, and the number of administrations or the dose of the pharmaceutical and / or other anticancer agent of the present invention is reduced. Therefore, it is expected that side effects of each anticancer drug can be reduced.
- the expression vector of the present invention comprises (1) a nucleic acid encoding CAR, (2) a nucleic acid encoding at least one selected from the group consisting of IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27, and ( 3) a nucleic acid encoding CCL19.
- the expression vector including "a nucleic acid encoding IL-15” includes not only a nucleic acid encoding a natural full-length IL-15 protein but also various embodiments as described above. IL-15.
- the expression vectors “including a nucleic acid encoding IL-18”, “including a nucleic acid encoding IL-21”, “including a nucleic acid encoding IL-27”, and “including a nucleic acid encoding CCL19” are also described. The same is true.
- nucleic acid may be any molecule as long as it is a polymer of a nucleotide and a molecule having a function equivalent to the nucleotide, such as RNA that is a polymer of ribonucleotide, DNA that is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotide, Examples thereof include a polymer in which nucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides are mixed, and a nucleotide polymer including a nucleotide analog, and further a nucleotide polymer including a nucleic acid derivative.
- the nucleic acid may be a single-stranded nucleic acid or a double-stranded nucleic acid.
- the double-stranded nucleic acid also includes a double-stranded nucleic acid in which one strand hybridizes to another strand under stringent conditions.
- Nucleotide analogs include, as compared to RNA or DNA, ribonucleases for improving or stabilizing nuclease resistance, increasing affinity with complementary strand nucleic acids, increasing cell permeability, or visualizing. Any molecule may be used as long as it is a modified molecule of nucleotide, deoxyribonucleotide, RNA or DNA.
- the nucleotide analog may be a naturally occurring molecule or a non-natural molecule, such as a sugar-modified nucleotide analog or a phosphodiester bond-modified nucleotide analog.
- the sugar moiety-modified nucleotide analog may be any analog as long as an arbitrary chemical structural substance is added or substituted to part or all of the chemical structure of the nucleotide sugar, and specific examples thereof include 2 ′ Nucleotide analog substituted with -O-methylribose, nucleotide analog substituted with 2'-O-propylribose, nucleotide analog substituted with 2'-methoxyethoxyribose, 2'-O-methoxyethylribose Nucleotide analogues substituted with 2'-O- [2- (guanidium) ethyl] ribose, nucleotide analogues substituted with 2'-fluororibose, introducing a cross-linked structure into the sugar moiety
- BNA bridged structure-type artificial nucleic acid
- LNA locked artificial nucleic acid
- any or all of the chemical structure of the nucleotide phosphodiester bond may be added or substituted with any chemical substance, and specific examples thereof include May include nucleotide analogs substituted with a phosphorothioate bond, nucleotide analogs substituted with an N3′-P5 ′ phosphoramidate bond [Cell Engineering, ⁇ 16, ⁇ 1463-1473 ⁇ (1997) [RNAi and antisense methods, Kodansha (2005)].
- nucleic acid derivative compared to nucleic acids, in order to improve nuclease resistance, stabilize, increase affinity with complementary strand nucleic acid, increase cell permeability, or visualize the nucleic acid with another chemical compound.
- Any molecule may be used as long as it is a molecule to which a substance is added. Specific examples thereof include 5′-polyamine addition derivatives, cholesterol addition derivatives, steroid addition derivatives, bile acid addition derivatives, vitamin addition derivatives, Cy5 addition derivatives, and Cy3 addition derivatives. , 6-FAM addition derivatives, and biotin addition derivatives.
- the expression vector of the present invention is introduced into a cell by contacting the cell with a T cell or a precursor thereof, and expressing a predetermined protein (polypeptide) encoded thereby in the T cell, thereby transforming the T cell of the present invention.
- a predetermined protein polypeptide
- Any embodiment can be used as long as it can be manufactured, and the embodiment is not particularly limited.
- Those skilled in the art can design and produce an expression vector capable of expressing a desired protein (polypeptide) in T cells.
- the expression vector of the present invention may be linear or circular, and may be a non-viral vector such as a plasmid, a viral vector, or a transposon-based vector.
- the virus vector examples include a retrovirus vector, a lentivirus vector, an adenovirus vector, and an adeno-associated virus vector.
- Preferred retrovirus vectors include, for example, pMSGV vectors (Tamada @ k @ et @ al., ClinCancer @ Res @ 18: 6436-6445 (2002)) and pMSCV vectors (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.).
- pMSGV vectors Temada @ k @ et @ al., ClinCancer @ Res @ 18: 6436-6445 (2002)
- pMSCV vectors manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.
- one expression vector contains at least one selected from the group consisting of (1) a nucleic acid encoding CAR, and (2) IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27. And (3) a nucleic acid encoding CCL19.
- the first expression vector contains one or two of the above (1) to (3), and the second expression vector contains the remaining elements.
- the first expression vector contains the above (1), the second expression vector contains the above (2), and the third expression vector contains the above (3). It is.
- the expression vector of the present invention is a combination (set) of a plurality of expression vectors, that is, a combination of the first and second expression vectors or a combination of the first, second, and third expression vectors. Combination, may mean.
- a single expression vector contains a plurality of elements, the order in which the elements are arranged from the upstream side to the downstream side is not particularly limited.
- the nucleotide sequence of the predetermined three elements (CAR, cytokine and chemokine) contained in the expression vector of the present invention depends on the type of protein (polypeptide) to be selected as each element. You just need to design it to code the array.
- the nucleic acid (oligonucleotide) contained in the expression vector may be prepared by a chemical oligo DNA synthesis reaction, or may be prepared (cloned) as cDNA.
- the expression vector of the present invention may further comprise, in addition to the sequence (gene) encoding the predetermined element, if necessary (for a combination of a plurality of expression vectors as described above, each expression vector is independent) It may contain sequences such as a promoter, a terminator, an enhancer, a start codon, a stop codon, a polyadenylation signal, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and a multiple cloning site (MCS) involved in the expression of each gene.
- sequences such as a promoter, a terminator, an enhancer, a start codon, a stop codon, a polyadenylation signal, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and a multiple cloning site (MCS) involved in the expression of each gene.
- a self-cleaving peptide (2A peptide) or an IRES (Internal ⁇ Ribozyme ⁇ Entry ⁇ Site) is inserted between the elements. ) May be inserted.
- the 2A peptide is a self-cleaving peptide derived from a virus, and is characterized in that a predetermined position (one residue from the C-terminus) in the amino acid sequence is cleaved by the endoplasmic reticulum (Szymczak et al., Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 5 (5): 627-638 (2005)). Therefore, the genes integrated before and after via the 2A peptide are independently expressed in the cell.
- Examples of the 2A peptide include those derived from picornavirus, rotavirus, insect virus, aphthovirus or trypanosomal virus.
- the expression vector of the present invention may further contain a nucleic acid (base sequence) encoding a “functional gene” such as a reporter gene (typically, a gene encoding a fluorescent protein), a drug selection gene, and a suicide gene. .
- a “functional gene” such as a reporter gene (typically, a gene encoding a fluorescent protein), a drug selection gene, and a suicide gene.
- the expression vector of the present invention containing the drug resistance gene is introduced by adding a predetermined drug to the medium in the method for producing CAR-T cells of the present invention. It is possible to sort out the cells that have been lost.
- the drug resistance gene include a kanamycin resistance gene, an ampicillin resistance gene, and a puromycin resistance gene. One of these genes may be used, or two or more of them may be used.
- the method for producing a CAR-T cell of the present invention may be used to observe T cells into which the expression vector of the present invention has been introduced using a fluorescence microscope, Cells into which the expression vector of the present invention has been introduced can be selected by a flow cytometer (cell sorter).
- a typical example of a reporter gene is a gene encoding a fluorescent protein.
- Examples of the "gene encoding a fluorescent protein” include, for example, blue fluorescent proteins such as Sirius, BFP, and EBFP; cyan fluorescent proteins such as mTurquoise, TagCFP, AmCyan, mTFP1, MidoriishiCyan, and CFP; TurboGFP, AcGFP, TagGFP, Azami-Green (E.g., hmAG1), green fluorescent proteins such as ZsGreen, EmGFP, EGFP, GFP2, HyPer; yellow fluorescent proteins such as TagYFP, EYFP, Venus, YFP, PhiYFP, PhiYFP-m, TurboYFP, ZsYellow, mBanana; KusabiraOrange (for example, hmKO2), orange fluorescent protein such as mOrange; red fluorescent protein such as TurboRFP, DsRed-Express, DsRed2, TagRFP, DsRed-Monomer, AsRed2, mStrawberry; TurboFP602, mRFP
- the present invention can be used in vivo by administering a drug that activates the function of the suicide gene according to the course of cancer treatment, for example, at the stage when the tumor has disappeared. It is possible to control the number of T cells.
- suicide genes include diphtheria A toxin, herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2), carboxylesterase (CA), cytosine deaminase (CD), cytochrome P450 (cyt-450), and deoxycytidine.
- dCK nitroreductase
- NR nitroreductase
- PNP purine nucleoside phosphorylase
- TP thymidine phosphorylase
- VZV-TK varicella-zoster virus thymidine kinase
- XGPRT xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
- inducible caspase 9 inducible caspase 9
- Drugs that activate the function of each suicide gene are known, such as ganciclovir for herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) and a dimer-inducing compound for inducible caspase 9 AP1903.
- HSV-TK herpes simplex thymidine kinase
- the method for producing a CAR-T cell of the present invention includes a step of introducing the expression vector of the present invention into a T cell as described above (hereinafter, referred to as “expression vector introducing step”).
- the method for introducing the expression vector into the T cell can be an appropriate expression vector depending on the embodiment.
- the expression vector can be introduced into T cells by a known method such as a virus infection method, a calcium phosphate method, a lipofection method, a microinjection method, and an electroporation method.
- the expression vector of the present invention can be prepared in a form suitable for use in each technique by a known means or appropriately using a commercially available kit (according to the instructions). In the expression vector introduction step, such a preparation is brought into contact with T cells, and generally, T cells may be cultured in a medium to which a preparation containing an expression vector is added.
- the expression vector of the present invention is introduced into T cells by a virus infection method.
- a virus infection method for example, using a commercially available kit corresponding to each virus vector such as a retrovirus vector, a lentivirus vector, an adenovirus vector, and an adeno-associated virus vector, the vector of the present invention and the packaging vector (plasmid) of each virus are used as host cells, To prepare a recombinant virus, and then infecting T cells with the obtained recombinant virus.
- kits for viral vectors include, for example, Retrovirus packagin Kit Eco (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.).
- Examples of the host cell include GP2-293 cells (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.), Plat-GP cells (manufactured by Cosmo Bio Inc.), PG13 cells (ATCC @ CRL-10686), PA317 cells (ATCC @ CRL-9078), and the like. .
- the method for producing CAR-T cells of the present invention may further include other steps before and after the step of introducing the expression vector.
- Other steps include, for example, a step of culturing a T cell and a step including a treatment for causing a functional gene included in an expression vector to function.
- the T cells to which the expression vector of the present invention is introduced can be cultured in advance, usually in an in vitro environment, by a known method. For example, from body fluids such as blood and bone marrow fluid collected from human or non-human animals; tissues such as spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes; or cancer tissues such as primary tumors, metastatic tumors, and cancerous ascites. After isolating and purifying the T cells according to the method, the T cells may be cultured in an appropriate medium, and the expression vector of the present invention (preparation containing) may be added to the medium.
- body fluids such as blood and bone marrow fluid collected from human or non-human animals
- tissues such as spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes
- cancer tissues such as primary tumors, metastatic tumors, and cancerous ascites.
- T cells are prepared in advance from iPS cells, ES cells, or other pluripotent stem cells through an appropriate differentiation inducing step, and the medium containing the expression vector (preparation containing the expression vector of the present invention) is prepared. ) May be added.
- the expression vector of the present invention contains a drug resistance gene as a functional gene
- the expression vector corresponding to the drug resistance gene used is used.
- a step of culturing T cells by adding a drug to a medium can be performed.
- Those skilled in the art can appropriately adjust the use conditions of the drug corresponding to the drug resistance gene, such as the concentration in the medium and the culture period.
- the expression vector of the present invention contains a gene encoding a fluorescent protein (reporter gene) as a functional gene
- a step of observing the T cell into which the expression vector has been introduced by a fluorescence microscope A step of selecting T cells into which the vector has been introduced using a cell sorter can be performed.
- Those skilled in the art can appropriately adjust the conditions for observation with a fluorescence microscope and selection with a cell sorter, such as irradiation with light having an excitation wavelength corresponding to the fluorescent protein and detection of light having an emission wavelength.
- the CAR in the following examples is a CAR targeting human CD20, specifically, an anti-human CD20 scFv, an anti-human CD20 CAR comprising a mouse CD8 cell transmembrane region and a mouse CD28_4-1BB_CD3 ⁇ intracellular signal motif.
- cytokines in the following examples include mouse IL-15 (“IL15 LSP ”, “ s IL15RA”, “ mb IL15 RA ” or “ sushi IL15”); mouse IL-18; mouse IL-21; mouse IL- 27 is either (p28 and EBI3) single chain protein containing a "sc IL27".
- the chemokine in the following examples is mouse CCL19. T cells derived from mice expressing these CARs, cytokines and chemokines were prepared as described below, and then tested.
- Example 1-1 In the step of preparing an IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cell vector, first, in step 1, three types of DNA fragments (DNA fragments 1 to 3) are artificially synthesized. Using three types of DNA fragments, one expression vector containing all the genes encoding the predetermined CAR, cytokine and chemokine was prepared. Subsequently, in the CAR-T cell production process, first, a retrovirus vector is prepared using the above-described expression vector in step 1, and then, in step 2, the predetermined gene is added to mouse T cells using the retrovirus vector preparation. Transduced.
- DNA fragment # 1 DNA fragment anti-human CD20scFv containing anti-human CD20 CAR, murine CD8 transmembrane region, and a mouse
- a DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 1) containing a base sequence encoding an anti-human CD20 CAR comprising a CD28_4-1BB_CD3 ⁇ intracellular signal motif was artificially synthesized.
- the nucleotide sequence of the entire DNA fragment # 1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (FIG. 7).
- nucleotides 3 to 785 encode a sequence encoding anti-human CD20 scFv; nucleotides 795 to 1040 encode a mouse CD8 transmembrane region; nucleotides 1041 to 1637 encode mouse CD28_4-1BB_CD3CD cells. Sequences encoding signal motifs (bases 1041 to 1163 encode the intracellular region of mouse CD28, bases 1164 to 1298 encode the intracellular region of mouse 4-1BB, bases 1299 to 1637 Represents a polypeptide in the intracellular region of mouse CD3 ⁇ ).
- SEQ ID NO: 2 shows the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein expressed by the nucleotide sequence at positions 3 to 1637 of DNA fragment # 1.
- DNA fragment # 2 DNA fragment containing stop codon and multiple cloning site
- the nucleotide sequence of the entire DNA fragment # 2 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 (FIG. 8).
- DNA fragment # 3 DNA fragment for IL15 LSP and CCL19 2A peptide (F2A) which is a self-cleaving peptide, mouse IL-2 signal peptide (IL-2SP), mouse IL-15 construct "IL15 LSP " (IL-15 LSP and A DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 3) containing a nucleotide sequence encoding a fusion peptide composed of IL-15), F2A, and mouse CCL19 was artificially synthesized.
- the nucleotide sequence of the entire DNA fragment # 3 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 (FIG. 9).
- the 7th to 81st bases encode the first F2A
- the 82nd to 168th bases encode the mouse IL-15 LSP
- the 169th to 567th bases encode the mouse IL-15
- the bases at positions 568 to 642 are sequences encoding the second F2A
- the bases at positions 646 to 969 are sequences encoding mouse CCL19.
- SEQ ID NO: 5 shows the amino acid sequence of the entire fusion protein containing IL15 LSP, which is expressed by the 7th to 969th base sequence of DNA fragment # 3 and is self-cleaved at two F2A sites.
- Step 2 Construction of Retrovirus Expression Vector DNA fragment # 1 and DNA fragment # 2 were ligated to construct a construct (anti-human CD20 CAR_MCS). The resulting construct was incorporated into a pMSGV retrovirus expression vector (Tamadak et al., Clin Cancer Res 18: 6436-6445 (2002)) by treatment with restriction enzymes (NcoI and SalI) and contained anti-human CD20 CAR_MCS. A pMSGV retrovirus expression vector was created.
- Step 2 Transduction of mouse T cells An anti-mouse CD3 monoclonal antibody (3 ⁇ g / mL) and an anti-mouse CD28 monoclonal antibody obtained by immobilizing 3 ⁇ 10 6 purified mouse T cells derived from mouse spleen and lymph node (1 ⁇ g / mL) and activated for 48 hours in the presence of IL-2.
- RetroNectin in the wells (R Takara Bio Inc.) immobilized plate, IL15 LSP _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector containing preparation obtained in Step 1 (GP2-293
- the cell culture supernatant) and the mouse T cells activated as described above were mixed, centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 2 hours, and cultured in the presence of IL-2 for 6 hours.
- mouse T cells were collected, transferred to a new complete RPMI medium containing IL-2, and cultured for another 42 hours to introduce the IL15 LSP _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector.
- the “complete RPMI medium” used for culturing the T cells is an RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with inactivated 10% FBS, antibiotics, 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 25 mM HEPES buffer.
- a complete RPMI medium to which components described separately were further added as necessary was used.
- s IL15 RA secretory IL-15 / IL-15RA fusion protein
- CCL19 CAR-T cell [A: Vector preparation step] Preparation of s IL15 RA _CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector Using the same DNA fragment # 1 and DNA fragment # 2 as in step 1 of Example 1-1, and using the following DNA fragment # 4 in place of DNA fragment # 3, after producing the constructs were obtained in the same manner the anti-human CD20 CAR_F2A_ s IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 containing pMSGV retroviral expression vector (s IL15 RA _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector).
- DNA fragment # 4 s IL15 RA and CCL19 for DNA fragments F2A, murine IL-2SP, murine IL15 construct "s IL15 RA" (IL15, consisting linker and IL-15R [alpha] extracellular domain fusion peptide), F2A And a DNA fragment containing the nucleotide sequence encoding mouse CCL19 (DNA fragment # 4).
- the base sequence of the entire DNA fragment # 4 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 (FIG. 10).
- mb IL15 RA membrane-bound IL-15 / IL-15RA fusion protein
- CCL19 CAR-T cells [A: Vector preparation process] Preparation of mb IL15 RA _CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector Using the same DNA fragment # 1 and DNA fragment # 2 as in Step 1 of Example 1-1, and using the following DNA fragment # 5 in place of DNA fragment # 3, Step 2 of Example 1-1 after producing the construct in the same manner as to give the anti-human CD20 CAR_F2A_ mb IL15 RA _F2A_CCL19 containing pMSGV retroviral expression vector (mb IL15 RA _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector).
- DNA fragment # 5 DNA fragment for mb IL15 RA and CCL19 F2A, mouse IL-2SP, mouse IL-15 construct " mb IL15 RA " (fusion peptide consisting of IL-15, linker and full-length IL-15R ⁇ ), F2A And a DNA fragment containing a nucleotide sequence encoding mouse CCL19.
- the base sequence of the entire DNA fragment # 5 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 (FIG. 11).
- SEQ ID NO: 8 the 7th to 81st bases encode the first F2A
- the 82nd to 141st bases encode the mouse IL-2SP
- the 142nd to 1311th bases encode the mb IL15 RA .
- bases 142 to 540 encode mouse IL-15 (excluding the signal sequence and the stop codon), bases 541 to 618 are a linker, and bases 619 to 1311 are a mouse IL-15R ⁇ ( Nucleotides 1312 to 1386 are a sequence encoding the second F2A, and nucleotides 1390 to 1713 are a sequence encoding mouse CCL19.
- the amino acid sequence of the entire fusion protein containing mb IL15 RA, which is expressed by the nucleotide sequence at positions 7 to 1713 of DNA fragment # 5 and self-cleaves at two F2As, is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.
- Example 1-4 sushi IL15 (secretory IL-15RA / IL-15 fusion protein) ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells
- A: Vector preparation step Preparation of sushi IL15_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector
- Example 1 Using the same DNA fragment 1 and DNA fragment 2 as in Step 1 of Example 1 and the following DNA fragment # 6 in place of DNA fragment # 3, construct the construct in the same manner as in Step 2 of Example 1-1. after producing obtain an anti-human CD20 CAR_F2A_ sushi IL15_F2A_CCL19 containing pMSGV retroviral expression vector (sushi IL15_CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector).
- DNA fragment # 6 DNA fragment F2A for sushi IL15 and CCL19, encoding mouse IL-15 construct " sushi IL15” (fusion peptide consisting of sushi domain of IL-15R ⁇ , linker and IL-15), F2A, and mouse CCL19
- a DNA fragment containing the nucleotide sequence was synthesized. The base sequence of the entire DNA fragment # 6 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 (FIG. 12).
- the bases at positions 7 to 81 encode the first F2A
- the bases at positions 82 to 777 encode a sequence encoding sushi IL15
- the bases at positions 82 to 375 are SP of mouse IL-15R ⁇ and sushi domain
- bases 376 to 435 are linkers
- bases 436 to 777 encode mouse IL-15 (excluding signal sequence and propeptide)
- bases 778 to 852 are bases.
- bases at positions 856 to 1179 are a sequence encoding mouse CCL19.
- SEQ ID NO: 11 shows the amino acid sequence of the entire fusion protein containing sushi IL15, which is expressed by the nucleotide sequence at positions 7 to 1179 of DNA fragment # 6 and is self-cleaved at two F2A sites.
- [B CAR-T cells production process] sushi IL15_CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells, obtained by the above vector production process instead of IL15 LSP _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector sushi Except for using the IL15_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector, a retrovirus-containing preparation was obtained in Step 1 and contained in the retrovirus in Step 2 in the same manner as in the CAR-T cell production process of Example 1-1.
- IL-18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells [A: Vector preparation step] Preparation of IL18_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector DNA fragment 1 and DNA fragment 2 similar to step 1 of Example 1-1 Using the following DNA fragment # 7 in place of DNA fragment # 3 to prepare a construct in the same manner as in step 2 of Example 1-1, expression of pMSGV retrovirus containing anti-human CD20 CAR_F2A_IL-18_F2A_CCL19 A vector (IL18_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector) was obtained.
- DNA fragment # 7 DNA fragment for IL-18 and CCL19
- the base sequence of the entire DNA fragment # 7 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 (FIG. 13).
- SEQ ID NO: 12 nucleotides 7 to 81 encode a first F2A
- nucleotides 82 to 657 encode a mouse IL-18
- nucleotides 658 to 732 encode a second F2A.
- the bases at positions 736 to 1059 are the sequence encoding mouse CCL19.
- SEQ ID NO: 13 shows the amino acid sequence of the entire fusion protein expressed by the nucleotide sequence at positions 7 to 1059 of DNA fragment # 7 and self-cleaved at two F2As.
- [B CAR-T cells production process Production retroviral expression vectors IL18_CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells, obtained by the above vector production process instead of IL15 LSP _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector IL18_CCL19_ Except that an anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector was used, a retrovirus-containing preparation was obtained in step 1 and contained in the retrovirus in step 2, in the same manner as in the CAR-T cell production step of Example 1-1.
- IL18_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells referred to herein as “IL18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells” in which the anti-human CD20 CAR, IL-18 and CCL19 genes were expressed were obtained. .
- IL-21 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells [A: Vector preparation step] Preparation of IL21_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector DNA fragment 1 and DNA fragment 2 similar to step 1 of Example 1-1 Using the following DNA fragment # 8 in place of DNA fragment # 3 and constructing a construct in the same manner as in Step 2 of Example 1-1, expression of pMSGV retrovirus containing anti-human CD20 CAR_F2A_IL-21_F2A_CCL19 A vector (IL21_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector) was obtained.
- DNA fragment # 8 DNA fragment for IL-21 and CCL19
- the base sequence of the entire DNA fragment # 8 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 (FIG. 14).
- bases 7 to 81 encode a first F2A
- bases 82 to 567 encode a mouse IL-21
- bases 568 to 642 encode a second F2A.
- the bases at positions 646 to 969 are the sequence encoding mouse CCL19.
- SEQ ID NO: 15 shows the amino acid sequence of the entire fusion protein expressed by the nucleotide sequence of positions 7 to 969 of DNA fragment # 8 and self-cleaved at two F2As.
- [B CAR-T cells production process Production retroviral expression vectors IL21_CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells, obtained by the above vector production process instead of IL15 LSP _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector IL21_CCL19_ Except that an anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector was used, a retrovirus-containing preparation was obtained in step 1 and contained in the retrovirus in step 2, in the same manner as in the CAR-T cell production step of Example 1-1.
- IL21_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells referred to herein as “IL21 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells” in which anti-human CD20 CAR, IL-21 and CCL19 genes were expressed were obtained. .
- sc IL27 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells [A: Vector preparation step] Preparation of sc IL27_CCL19_anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector DNA fragment 1 and DNA fragment 2 similar to step 1 in Example 1-1 Using the following DNA fragment # 9 in place of DNA fragment # 3 and constructing a construct in the same manner as in step 2 of Example 1-1, expression of pMSGV retrovirus containing anti-human CD20 CAR_F2A_scIL-27_F2A_CCL19 resulting in the vector (sc IL27_CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector).
- DNA fragment # 9 sc IL27 and CCL19 DNA fragment for the first F2A, murine IL27 construct "scIL27" (p28, a fusion peptide consisting of the linker and EBI3), second F2A, as well as nucleotide sequences encoding CCL19
- the DNA fragment was artificially synthesized.
- the base sequence of the entire DNA fragment # 9 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 16 (FIG. 15).
- SEQ ID NO: 16 Oite 7 to 81st bases encoding the first F2A sequence, 82-1437 th bases encoding the sc IL27 sequence (of which 82 to 765 th nucleotide encodes a murine EBI3, Bases 766 to 819 are a linker; bases 820 to 1437 encode mouse p28); bases 1438 to 1512 encode a second F2A sequence; bases 1516 to 1839 are a mouse CCL19.
- Is an array that encodes SEQ ID NO: 17 shows the amino acid sequence of the entire fusion protein containing sc IL27, which is expressed by the nucleotide sequence at positions 7 to 1839 of DNA fragment # 9 and is self-cleaved at two F2A sites.
- retroviral expression vectors [B CAR-T cells production process] sc IL27_CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells, obtained by the above vector production process instead of IL15 LSP _CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector except for using the sc IL27_CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector in the same manner as CAR-T cells production process of example 1-1, to obtain a retroviral-containing preparation in step 1, the retrovirus in step 2 mouse T cells each gene of anti-human CD20 CAR, scIL27 and CCL19 were expressed included in (sc IL27_CCL19_ anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells, referred to herein as "sc IL27 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells".)
- transduction (-) T cell In the step B, step 2 of Example 1-1, IL15 LSP _CCL19_anti-human CD20 was not prepared without preparing a retrovirus vector and transfecting the T cell using the same.
- Mouse T cells activated only in the present specification, "transduction (-) T” were used in the same procedure except that an equal amount of DMEM medium used for culturing GP2-293 cells was added instead of using the CAR expression vector preparation. Cells ").
- Comparative Example 2 conv. CAR-T cells
- A: Vector preparation step Preparation of anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector DNA fragment 1, DNA fragment 2, and pMSGV retrovirus vector were prepared in the same manner as in step A of step A of Example 1-1. Was used to create an anti-human CD20 CAR_MCS-containing pMSGV retrovirus expression vector. This was used as a control retroviral expression vector (anti-human CD20 CAR expression vector) that did not co-express cytokines and chemokines.
- a retrovirus-containing preparation is obtained in step 1, and only the anti-human CD20 CAR contained in the retrovirus is expressed in step 2 (cytokine and chemokine)
- Mouse T cells anti-human CD20 CAR-T cells, which are referred to herein as "conv. CAR-T cells").
- Each T cell was treated with biotin-labeled protein L (specifically binds to the ⁇ light chain of anti-human CD20 scFv) and Brilliant Violet TM 421 (BV421) -conjugated streptavidin to detect CAR expression.
- the CD8 positive rate in each T cell population was measured using an allophycocyanin (APC) -conjugated anti-mouse CD8 monoclonal antibody (BioLegend). Since it is generally considered that CD8-positive T cells have direct cytotoxic activity, the presence (positivity rate) of CD8-positive T cells can be used to support potency.
- APC allophycocyanin
- IL-15 was detected at a concentration of 250 pg / mL from the culture supernatant of the CAR-T cells (15LSPx19 ⁇ CAR-T) of Example 1-1.
- IL- in the culture supernatant of CAR-T cells of Example 1-2 s15RAx19 @ CAR-T
- Example 1-3 mb15RAx19 @ CAR-T
- Example 1-4 sushi15x19 @ CAR-T.
- the concentration of 15 was similar to that of activated T cells not transduced (transduction (-): Comparative Example 1) and control anti-human CD20 CAR-expressing T cells (conv.
- CAR-T Comparative Example 2.
- ELISA kit used in Test Example 1
- no secretion of IL-15 was observed.
- Examples 1-2, 1-3 and Example 1-4 show a remarkable cell proliferation effect.
- IL-15 is expressed and secreted.
- IL-18 was detected at a concentration of 150 pg / mL or more from the culture supernatant of the CAR-T cells of Example 2 (18 ⁇ 19-CAR-T).
- the amount of secretion from the control anti-human CD20 CAR-expressing T cells (conv. CAR-T: Comparative Example 2) into the culture supernatant was the same as that of the activated T cells not transduced (transduction (-): The amount was as small as that of Example 1).
- IL-18 was detected at a concentration of 400 pg / mL or more from the culture supernatant of the CAR-T cells of Example 3 (21 ⁇ 19 ⁇ CAR-T).
- the amount of secretion from the control anti-human CD20 ⁇ CAR-expressing T cells (conv. ⁇ CAR-T: Comparative Example 2) was detected together with the activated T cells not transduced (transduction ⁇ (-): Comparative Example 1). It was below the limit (Not Detected).
- IL-27 (FIG. 2D)
- p28 which is a subunit of IL-27 was detected at a concentration of 250 pg / mL or more from the culture supernatant of the CAR-T cells (sc27x19xCAR-T) of Example 4.
- the amount of secretion from the control anti-human CD20 ⁇ CAR-T cells (conv. ⁇ CAR-T: Comparative Example 2) is comparable to that of activated T cells not transduced (transduction ⁇ ( ⁇ ): Comparative Example 1). (About 50 pg / mL in the culture supernatant).
- Test Example 2 Evaluation of in vitro proliferation ability of CAR-T cells Using the T cells produced in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, cytokines (IL-15, IL-18, IL- 21 and IL-27) exerted biological functions and exhibited an immunity-inducing effect by examining the cell number and proliferation ability of CAR-T cells as described below.
- cytokines IL-15, IL-18, IL- 21 and IL-27
- Each T cell was stained with CytoTell TM UltraGreen (AAT Bioquest), and then co-treated in the same well with P815 mastcytoma (hCD20 / P815) treated with mitomycin C and genetically modified to express human CD20. Cultured and stimulated. After culturing for 3 days, 5 days or 7 days from the start of stimulation, the cells were collected and subjected to flow cytometry analysis. The cells were stained with an APC-conjugated anti-Thy1.2 monoclonal antibody (eBioscience), and the number of cells was determined assuming that Thy1.2 positive cells in each T cell (lymphocyte) population were viable T cells.
- APC-conjugated anti-Thy1.2 monoclonal antibody eBioscience
- Transduction (-) T cells did not stimulate activation even when co-cultured with hCD20 / P815 cells, and the number of viable cells was 1/10 or less on the third day of culture.
- hCD20 / P815 cells co-cultured with IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 1-1
- s IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 1-2
- mb IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR- T cells Example 1-3
- sushi IL15 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 1-4
- IL-18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 2
- IL-21 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 3
- scIL27 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 4
- IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-1), IL-18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 2), IL-21 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 3) and scIL27 ⁇ CCL19 CAR -T cells (Example 4) were used as control conv. From day 3 to day 7 of culture. The cell number equivalent to that of the CAR-T cells (Comparative Example 2) was maintained.
- IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 1-1
- s IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 1-2
- mb IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 1-3
- sushi IL15 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 1-4
- IL-18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 2
- IL-21 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 3
- IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 1-2
- mb IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Examples 1-3
- sushi IL15 ⁇ CCL19 CAR- Combination of IL-15 / IL-15R ⁇ fusion protein and CCL-19 produced in T cells Examples 1-4
- a P815 mastcytoma (hCD20 / P815) genetically modified to express human CD20 is used as a target tumor cell, and a P815 mastcytoma (P815) not genetically modified is used as a control tumor cell.
- the target tumor cells or control tumor cells are collected and seeded on a culture plate, and then, as effector T cells, CAR-T cells of each example (IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-1), s ) IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-2), mb IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-3), sushi IL15 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-4), IL -18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 2), IL-21 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 3) and scIL27 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 4) or CAR-T of Comparative Example 2.
- IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells Example 1-1
- s IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells
- Example 1-3 mb IL15 RA
- the cells were stained with an APC-conjugated anti-Thy1.2 monoclonal antibody (eBioscience) and Zombie Green Fixable Viability Kit (BioLegend), and the proportion of T cells and tumor cells in the living cell population was calculated from the Thy1.2 positive rate. The number of viable cells was measured using NucleoCounter NC-200 (chemometec).
- FIG. 5 shows the results. As shown in FIG. 5A, the number of hCD20 / P815 tumor cells 72 hours after co-culture was calculated from the Thy1.2 negative rate in living cells, and the results were IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-1).
- s IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-2), mb IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-3), sushi IL15 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-4), HCD20 / P815 tumor co-cultured with IL-18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 2), IL-21 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 3) or scIL27 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 4) The number of cells was significantly reduced as compared with the transduction (-) T cells (Comparative Example 1).
- IFN ⁇ production measurement by ELISA assay As an indicator of activation of target antigen-specific cytotoxicity, interferon ⁇ (IFN ⁇ ) produced from CAR-T cells was measured using a commercially available ELISA assay kit (R & D).
- CAR-T cells of each example IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-1), co-cultured with the aforementioned P815 cells (control tumor cells) or hCD20-P815 cells (target tumor cells), s IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-2), mb IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-3), sushi IL15 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-4), IL -18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 2), IL-21 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 3) and scIL27 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 4) or CAR-T of Comparative Example 2.
- the amount of IFN ⁇ in the culture supernatant of the cells (conv. CAR-T cells) 4 days after co-culture was measured.
- FIG. 6 shows the results.
- IL15 LSP ⁇ CCL19 CAR- T cells co-cultured with hCD20-P815 cells (Example 1-1), s IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-2), mb IL15 RA ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-3), sushi IL15 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 1-4), IL-18 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 2), IL-21 ⁇ In either culture supernatant of CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 3) or scIL27 ⁇ CCL19 CAR-T cells (Example 4), conv.
- IFN ⁇ of about 15 ng / mL or more was detected, which was higher than that of CAR-T cells (Comparative Example 2).
- the amount of IFN ⁇ production in the group co-cultured with the transduction ( ⁇ ) T cells (Comparative Example 1) was below the detection limit.
- the concentration of IFN ⁇ in the culture supernatant of each CAR-expressing cell co-cultured with P815 cells was 10 pg / mL or less.
- Test Example 4 Therapeutic effect in a mouse tumor model Using the T cells produced in Examples 1-3 and 1-4 and Comparative Example 2 above, a mouse melanoma tumor transplant model or a mouse colon cancer tumor model was used. The therapeutic effect was examined using the following tumor-bearing mice.
- mice (Therapeutic effect in mouse melanoma tumor transplantation model) 5 ⁇ 10 5 mouse melanomas B16F10 (B16F10-hCD20) that had been genetically modified to express human CD20 were inoculated subcutaneously into C57BL / 6N mice. On day 7 after inoculation, cyclophosphamide (CPA, 50 mg / kg) as an anticancer agent was intraperitoneally administered, and on day 10, 1 ⁇ 10 6 CAR-T cells of Example 1-3 were administered. ( Mb IL15 RA xCCL19 CAR-T), the CAR-T cells of Example 1-4 ( sushi IL15xCCL19 CAR-T), or Comparative Example 2 (Conv.
- CPA cyclophosphamide
- CAR-T CAR-T
- a control group a CAR-T untreated group to which only CPA was administered and a non-treated group not treated after inoculation of B16F10-hCD20 mouse melanoma were set.
- the tumor volume of the mice was measured twice a week.
- FIG. 16 shows the results of the tumor volume of the mouse melanoma tumor transplant model.
- the horizontal axis is the number of days after inoculation with the 0 day on the days for which the B16F10-hCD20 were inoculated subcutaneously into mice, and the vertical axis tumor volume (longer diameter ⁇ tumors (short diameter) 2/2 (mm 3 tumor)). Standard deviation was calculated in each experimental group. “No treatment” was untreated, “CPA” was CPA administration only, “CPA + Conv.” Was administered after CPA administration, and Comparative Example 2 (Conv. CAR-T) was administered. “CPA + mb IL15 RA x19” was administered after CPA administration.
- the CAR-T cells of Example 1-3 ( mb IL15 RA xCCL19 CAR-T) and the CAR-T cells of Example 1-4 ( sushi IL15 RA xCCL19 CAR-T) were administered.
- the effect of reducing the tumor volume was confirmed as compared with the case where Comparative Example 2 (Conv. CAR-T) was administered, the case where no treatment was performed (no treatment), and the case where only CPA was administered.
- the CAR-T cells of Example 1-3 ( mb IL15 RA xCCL19 CAR-T) and the CAR-T cells of Example 1-4 ( sushi IL15xCCL19 CAR-T) were excellent antitumors in a mouse melanoma tumor model. It was found to have activity.
- FIG. 17 shows the results of the tumor volume of the mouse colon cancer tumor transplant model.
- the horizontal axis is the number of days after inoculation with the date of the MC38-hCD20 were inoculated subcutaneously in mice with day 0, and the vertical axis represents the tumor volume (longer diameter ⁇ tumors (short diameter) 2/2 (mm 3 tumor)). Standard deviation was calculated in each experimental group. “No treatment” was untreated, “CPA” was CPA administration only, “CPA + Conv.” Was administered after CPA administration, and Comparative Example 2 (Conv. CAR-T) was administered. “CPA + mb IL15 RA x19” was administered after CPA administration.
- Example 1-3 mb IL15 RA xCCL19 CAR-T
- Example 1-4 sushi IL15xCCL19 CAR-T
- mice and cytokines containing a natural amino acid sequence of mice such as fusion proteins in which IL-15 is linked to IL-15R ⁇ or the like
- chemokines CCL19
- mice ie, T-cells of human origin or cytokines containing human natural amino acid sequences (such as IL-15R ⁇
- the present invention can be carried out in the same manner even when using a linked fusion protein) and a chemokine (CCL19), or when performing an in vivo test in humans. Can be understood.
- a fusion protein comprising the IL15 LSP , which is implemented (made and used) utilizing the native amino acid sequence of the mouse shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, is a human protein for IL-15 shown in SEQ ID NO: 18.
- Fusion proteins comprising an s IL15 RA being performed utilizing the natural amino acid sequence of mouse shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, the human relates IL15 shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 of the native amino acid sequence Among them, the amino acid sequence at positions 49 to 162 (IL-15 portion) and the 31st to 205th position (extracellular IL-15R ⁇ cell) in the human natural amino acid sequence for IL-15R ⁇ shown in SEQ ID NO: 19 Domain) and a nucleic acid having a base sequence encoding such an amino acid sequence.
- a fusion protein comprising mb IL15 RA implemented using the native amino acid sequence of the mouse shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, comprises the human native amino acid sequence for IL-15 shown in SEQ ID NO: 18. Among them, the amino acid sequence at positions 49 to 162 (IL-15 portion), and the amino acid sequence at positions 1 to 267 (full length of IL-15R ⁇ ) in the human natural amino acid sequence for IL-15R ⁇ shown in SEQ ID NO: 19 ), And a nucleic acid having a base sequence encoding such an amino acid sequence.
- the fusion protein containing sushi IL15 which is carried out using the mouse natural amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, is one of the human natural amino acid sequences related to IL-15 shown in SEQ ID NO: 18. And the amino acid sequence of positions 31-95 (sushi domain) of the human natural amino acid sequence for IL-15R ⁇ shown in SEQ ID NO: 19. And a nucleic acid having a base sequence encoding such an amino acid sequence.
- the CAR-T cells excellent in persistence and proliferation according to the present invention are suitable for use in producing a medicament for treating cancer and the like. Also, the expression vector according to the present invention is suitable for use for producing such CAR-T cells.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 Nucleotide sequence of DNA fragment containing anti-human CD20 CAR (DNA fragment # 1)
- SEQ ID NO: 2 Amino acid sequence of fusion protein expressed by nucleotide sequence from position 3 to 1637 of DNA fragment # 1
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Termination nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO of MCS DNA fragment encoding the codon and restriction enzyme sites (DNA fragment # 2)
- 4 IL15 LSP _F2A_CCL19 DNA fragment (DNA fragment # 3) of the nucleotide sequence
- SEQ ID NO: 18 Registered as UniProtKB-P40933 Amino acid sequence of human native IL-15 (full length including signal peptide and propeptide portions)
- SEQ ID NO: 19 human native IL-15R ⁇ (signal peptide, sushi domain, cell registered as UniProtKB-Q13261 Amino acid sequence)
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Abstract
Description
CAR-T細胞の投与によるがん免疫療法は、白血病やリンパ腫などの造血器悪性腫瘍において有効性が示されているが、特に固形がんにおいては、CAR-T細胞の生体内での生存効率の低さ、がん細胞が有する腫瘍免疫回避機構によるがん微小環境におけるCAR-T細胞の活性阻害等の課題により、治療効果が認められないがん種や症例が存在する。そのため、特に固形がんにおいて治療効果を示す、より抗腫瘍活性の高いCAR-T細胞が求められている。
[1]
(1)キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)、
(2)インターロイキン-15(IL-15)、インターロイキン-18(IL-18)、インターロイキン-21(IL-21)およびインターロイキン-27(IL-27)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種、ならびに
(3)CCケモカインリガンド19(CCL19)
を発現するT細胞。
[2]
前記(2)がIL-15である、項1に記載のT細胞。
[3]
前記IL-15が、IL-15Rαと連結して融合タンパク質を形成した状態にあるIL-15である、項2に記載のT細胞。
[4]
前記融合タンパク質が、IL-15LSPとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(IL15LSP)、IL-15Rα細胞外ドメインとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sIL15RA)、IL-15と全長のIL-15Rαが連結した融合タンパク質(mbIL15RA)、または、シグナルペプチドおよびsushiドメインを含むIL-15RαとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sushiIL15)である、項3に記載のT細胞。
[5]
前記融合タンパク質が、IL-15と全長のIL-15Rαが連結した融合タンパク質(mbIL15RA)、または、シグナルペプチドおよびsushiドメインを含むIL-15RαとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sushiIL15)である、項3に記載のT細胞。
[6]
項1に記載のT細胞を含有する医薬。
[7]
がんの治療剤である、項6に記載の医薬。
[8]
前記がんが、メラノーマ、メルケル細胞がん、大腸がん、腎臓がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、肝臓がん、肺がん、非小細胞肺がん、頭頚部がん、小腸がん、前立腺がん、膀胱がん、直腸がん、膵臓がん、ユーイング肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、上咽頭がん、食道がん、胆道がん、神経芽腫、骨肉腫、急性骨髄性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、リンパ腫または白血病である、項7に記載の医薬。
[9]
(1)CARをコードする核酸、
(2)IL-15、IL-18、IL-21およびIL-27からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種をコードする核酸、ならびに
(3)CCL19をコードする核酸
を含む、発現ベクター。
[10]
前記(2)がIL-15である、項9に記載の発現ベクター。
[11]
前記IL-15が、IL-15Rαと連結して融合タンパク質を形成した状態にあるIL-15である、項10に記載の発現ベクター。
[12]
前記融合タンパク質が、IL-15LSPとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(IL15LSP)、IL-15Rα細胞外ドメインとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sIL15RA)、IL-15と全長のIL-15Rαが連結した融合タンパク質(mbIL15RA)、または、シグナルペプチドおよびsushiドメインを含むIL-15RαとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sushiIL15)である、項11に記載の発現ベクター。
[13]
前記融合タンパク質が、IL-15と全長のIL-15Rαが連結した融合タンパク質(mbIL15RA)、または、シグナルペプチドおよびsushiドメインを含むIL-15RαとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sushiIL15)である、項11に記載の発現ベクター。
[14]
項9に記載の発現ベクターをT細胞に導入する工程を含む、CAR-T細胞の製造方法。
[15]
項1に記載のT細胞を、がんの治療を必要とする対象に投与する工程を含む、がんの治療方法。
[16]
前記がんが、メラノーマ、メルケル細胞がん、大腸がん、腎臓がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、肝臓がん、肺がん、非小細胞肺がん、頭頚部がん、小腸がん、前立腺がん、膀胱がん、直腸がん、膵臓がん、ユーイング肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、上咽頭がん、食道がん、胆道がん、神経芽腫、骨肉腫、急性骨髄性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、リンパ腫または白血病である、項15に記載の治療方法。
[17]
がんの治療の有効成分として使用するための、項1に記載のT細胞。
[18]
前記がんが、メラノーマ、メルケル細胞がん、大腸がん、腎臓がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、肝臓がん、肺がん、非小細胞肺がん、頭頚部がん、小腸がん、前立腺がん、膀胱がん、直腸がん、膵臓がん、ユーイング肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、上咽頭がん、食道がん、胆道がん、神経芽腫、骨肉腫、急性骨髄性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、リンパ腫または白血病である、項17に記載のT細胞。
「~からなる(consist(s) of又はconsisting of)」とは、その語句に続くあらゆる要素を包含し、かつ、これに限定されることを意味する。したがって、「~からなる」という語句は、列挙された要素が要求されるか又は必須であり、他の要素は実質的に存在しないことを示す。「~から本質的になる」とは、その語句に続く任意の要素を包含し、かつ、その要素について本開示で特定された活性又は作用に影響しない他の要素に限定されることを意味する。したがって、「~から本質的になる」という語句は、列挙された要素が要求されるか又は必須であるが、他の要素は任意選択であり、それらが列挙された要素の活性又は作用に影響を及ぼすかどうかに応じて、存在させる場合もあり、存在させない場合もあることを示す。
本発明のT細胞が発現するCARは基本的に、一般的ないし公知のCARと同様に、(i)がん細胞の細胞表面抗原を認識する一本鎖抗体、(ii)細胞膜貫通領域、および(iii)T細胞の活性化を誘導するシグナル伝達領域、の各部位のペプチドが、必要応じてスペーサーを介して連結することによって構成されている。
本発明のT細胞が発現するサイトカインは、IL-15、IL-18、IL-21およびIL-27からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である。本発明のT細胞は、上記4種のサイトカインのうち、いずれか1種を発現していてもよいし、2種以上を発現していてもよい。
「IL-15LSP」は、29アミノ酸からなる長鎖シグナルペプチドであり、第1実施形態においてIL-15のN末端側に結合している。第1実施形態のIL-15を発現することにより、CAR-T細胞の抗腫瘍活性が増強される。「IL-15LSP」という用語も、天然のIL-15LSPのアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドの全体のみならず、その一部(機能的な部分ポリペプチド)や、天然のアミノ酸配列に対して一または複数のアミノ酸配列が(好ましくは後述するような相同性を有する範囲で)欠失、置換または付加された、天然のIL-15LSPの全体またはその一部のバリアントも包含する。なお、第1実施形態の改変型の一例としては、「IL-15LSP」を「IL-2SP」(IL-2のシグナルペプチドであって、IL-15LSPと同様、天然のタンパク質の全体もしくはその一部またはそれらのバリアントであってもよいもの)に置き換えたものが挙げられる。
「IL-15Rα細胞外ドメイン」は、IL-15Rα(インターロイキン15受容体α鎖)のうち、細胞膜貫通ドメインおよび細胞内ドメインを除く部分を指す。IL-15Rα細胞外ドメインにはsushiドメイン(様々な結合性タンパク質に共通して見られるモチーフ)が含まれている。「IL-15Rα細胞外ドメイン」という用語も、天然のIL-15Rα細胞外ドメインのアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドの全体のみならず、その一部(機能的な部分ポリペプチド)や、天然のアミノ酸配列に対して一または複数のアミノ酸配列が(好ましくは後述するような相同性を有する範囲で)欠失、置換または付加された、天然のIL-15Rα細胞外ドメインの全体またはその一部のバリアントも包含する。IL-15Rα細胞外ドメインは、第2実施形態においては、通常はリンカー(例えば26アミノ酸からなるグリシン-セリンリンカー)を介して、IL-15のC末端側に結合している。また、第2実施形態においては通常、IL-15のN末端側にはIL-15LSPに代えて、IL-2SP(IL-2シグナルペプチドであって、天然のタンパク質の全体もしくはその一部またはそれらのバリアントであってもよいもの)が結合している。第2実施形態は分泌型であり、IL-15Rβ(インターロイキン2受容体と共有される、インターロイキン15受容体β鎖)およびγc(インターロイキン2、4、7、9、15、21等の受容体として共有される共通γ鎖)に対して強く結合するアゴニストとなる。
「IL-15Rα全長」は、IL-15Rαの細胞外ドメイン、細胞膜貫通ドメインおよび細胞内ドメインの両方を含んでおり、第3実施形態においては、通常はリンカー(例えば20アミノ酸からなるグリシン-セリンリンカー)を介して、IL-15のC末端側に結合している。「IL-15Rα全長」という用語も、天然のIL-15Rα全長のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質(ポリペプチド)の全体のみならず、天然のアミノ酸配列に対して一または複数のアミノ酸配列が(好ましくは後述するような相同性を有する範囲で)欠失、置換または付加された、天然のIL-15Rα全長のバリアントも包含する。また、第3実施形態においても通常、IL-15のN末端側にはIL-15LSPに代えてIL-2SP(天然のタンパク質の全体もしくはその一部またはそれらのバリアントであってもよいもの)が結合している。第3実施形態は膜結合型であり、これを発現することによりCAR-T細胞の抗腫瘍活性が増強される。
第4実施形態では、シグナルペプチドおよびsushiドメインを含むIL-15Rαが、通常はリンカー(例えば20アミノ酸からなるリンカー)を介して、IL-15のN末端側に結合している。「IL-15Rαsushi」という用語も、天然のIL-15Rαsushiのアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドの全体のみならず、その一部(機能的な部分ポリペプチド)や、天然のアミノ酸配列に対して一または複数のアミノ酸配列が(好ましくは後述するような相同性を有する範囲で)欠失、置換または付加された、天然のIL-15Rαsushiの全体またはその一部のバリアントも包含する。第4実施形態は分泌型である。
本発明のT細胞が発現するケモカインはCCL19である。CCL19は、主にリンパ節の樹状細胞やマクロファージから産生され、その受容体であるCCR7を介して、T細胞、B細胞および成熟した樹状細胞の郵送を惹起する機能を有している。本発明における「CCL19」は、天然のCCL19のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質(ポリペプチド)の全長のみならず、その一部(機能的な部分ポリペプチド)や、天然のアミノ酸配列に対して一または複数のアミノ酸配列が(好ましくは後述するような相同性を有する範囲で)欠失、置換または付加された、天然のCCL19の全長またはその一部のバリアントも包含する。
本発明のCAR-T細胞の製造方法は、上述したような本発明の発現ベクターをT細胞に導入する工程(以下「発現ベクター導入工程」と呼ぶ。)を含む。
ベクター作製工程では、まずステップ1により、3種類のDNA断片(DNA断片1~3)を人工的に合成し、その後ステップ2により、上記3種類のDNA断片を用いて、所定のCAR、サイトカインおよびケモカインをコードする遺伝子を全て含む1つの発現ベクターを作製した。続いて、CAR-T細胞製造工程では、まずステップ1により上記発現ベクターを用いてレトロウイルスベクターを調製し、その後ステップ2によりそのレトロウイルスベクター調製物を用いてマウスT細胞に上記所定の遺伝子を形質導入した。
ステップ1:DNA断片の合成
DNA断片#1:抗ヒトCD20 CARを含むDNA断片
抗ヒトCD20scFv、マウスCD8貫通領域、およびマウスCD28_4-1BB_CD3ζ細胞内シグナルモチーフからなる抗ヒトCD20 CARをコードする塩基配列を含むDNA断片(DNA断片#1)を人工合成した。DNA断片#1全体の塩基配列を配列番号1(図7)に示す。配列番号1において、3~785番目の塩基が抗ヒトCD20scFvをコードする配列、795~1040番目の塩基がマウスCD8細胞膜貫通領域をコードする配列、1041~1637番目の塩基がマウスCD28_4-1BB_CD3ζ細胞内シグナルモチーフをコードする配列(そのうち1041~1163番目の塩基がマウスCD28の細胞内領域をコードし、1164~1298番目の塩基がマウス4-1BBの細胞内領域をコードし、1299~1637番目の塩基がマウスCD3ζの細胞内領域のポリペプチドをコードする)である。DNA断片#1の3~1637番目の塩基配列によって発現する融合タンパク質のアミノ酸配列を配列番号2に示す。
終止コドンの塩基配列およびマルチクローニングサイト(MCS)の塩基配列を含むDNA断片(DNA断片#2)を人工合成した。DNA断片#2全体の塩基配列を配列番号3(図8)に示す。
自己切断型ペプチドである2Aペプチド(F2A)、マウスIL-2シグナルペプチド(IL-2SP)、マウスIL-15コンストラクト「IL15LSP」(IL-15LSPおよびIL-15からなる融合ペプチド)、F2A、ならびにマウスCCL19をコードする塩基配列を含むDNA断片(DNA断片#3)を人工合成した。DNA断片#3全体の塩基配列を配列番号4(図9)に示す。配列番号4において、7~81番目の塩基が第1のF2Aをコードする配列、82~168番目の塩基がマウスIL-15LSPをコードする配列、169~567番目の塩基がマウスIL-15(終止コドンを除く)をコードする配列、568~642番目の塩基が第2のF2Aをコードする配列、646~969番目の塩基がマウスCCL19をコードする配列である。DNA断片#3の7~969番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、IL15LSPを含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列を配列番号5に示す。
DNA断片#1およびDNA断片#2を連結してコンストラクト(抗ヒトCD20 CAR_MCS)を作製した。得られたコンストラクトを、制限酵素(Nco IおよびSal I)処理によりpMSGVレトロウイルス発現ベクター(Tamada k et al., Clin Cancer Res 18:6436-6445(2002))に組み込んで、抗ヒトCD20 CAR_MCS含有pMSGVレトロウイルス発現ベクターを作製した。
ステップ1:レトロウイルスの調製
リポフェクタミン3000(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)を用いて、前記ベクター作製工程により得られたIL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターを、pCL-Ecoプラスミド(Novus biologicals社)と共に、GP2-293パッケージング細胞株(タカラバイオ社)にトランスフェクションした。なお、GP2-293パッケージング細胞株の培養液としては、10%の非働化済FBSおよび抗生物質を加えたDMEMを用いた。トランスフェクションから48時間後、GP2-293パッケージング細胞株の培養液の上清を回収し、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター調製物とした。
マウスの脾臓及びリンパ節由来の3×106個の精製したマウスT細胞を、固相化した抗マウスCD3モノクローナル抗体(3μg/mL)、抗マウスCD28モノクローナル抗体(1μg/mL)およびIL-2の存在下で48時間活性化した。続いて、25μg/mLのレトロネクチン(登録商標:タカラバイオ社)を固相化したプレートのウェル内で、ステップ1で得られたIL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター含有調製物(GP2-293細胞培養液上清)と、上記のように活性化させたマウスT細胞とを混合し、1500rpmで2時間遠心後、IL-2の存在下で6時間培養した。培養液からレトロウイルスを除去するため、マウスT細胞を回収し、IL-2を含有する新しいcomplete RPMI培地に移し、さらに42時間培養することで、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターが導入された、すなわち抗ヒトCD20 CAR、IL15LSPおよびCCL19を発現するマウスT細胞(IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR-T細胞、本明細書において「IL15LSP×CCL19 CAR-T細胞」と呼ぶ。)を得た。
[A:ベクター作製工程]sIL15RA_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの作製
実施例1-1のステップ1と同様のDNA断片#1およびDNA断片#2と、DNA断片#3に代えて下記のようなDNA断片#4とを用いて、実施例1-1のステップ2と同様にしてコンストラクトを作製した後、抗ヒトCD20 CAR_F2A_sIL15RA_F2A_CCL19含有pMSGVレトロウイルス発現ベクター(sIL15RA_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター)を得た。
F2A、マウスIL-2SP、マウスIL-15コンストラクト「sIL15RA」(IL-15、リンカーおよびIL-15Rα細胞外ドメインからなる融合ペプチド)、F2A、ならびにマウスCCL19をコードする塩基配列を含むDNA断片(DNA断片#4)を合成した。DNA断片#4全体の塩基配列を配列番号6(図10)に示す。配列番号6において、7~81番目の塩基が第1のF2Aをコードする配列、82~141番目の塩基がマウスIL-2SPをコードする配列、142~1137番目の塩基がsIL15RAをコードする配列(そのうち142~540番目の塩基がマウスIL-15(シグナル配列および終止コドンを除く)をコードし、541~618番目の塩基がリンカーであり、619~1137番目の塩基がマウスIL-15Rα細胞外ドメインをコードする)、1138~1212番目の塩基が第2のF2Aをコードする配列、1216~1539番目の塩基がマウスCCL19をコードする配列である。DNA断片#4の7~1539番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、sIL15RAを含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列を配列番号7に示す。
レトロウイルス発現ベクターとして、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの代わりに上記ベクター作製工程により得られたsIL15RA_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターを用いたこと以外は実施例1-1のCAR-T細胞製造工程と同様にして、ステップ1においてレトロウイルス含有調製物を得て、ステップ2においてそのレトロウイルスに含まれる抗ヒトCD20 CAR、sIL15RAおよびCCL19の各遺伝子が発現したマウスT細胞(sIL15RA_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR-T細胞、本明細書においてsIL15RA×CCL19 CAR-T細胞)を得た。
[A:ベクター作製工程]mbIL15RA_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの作製
実施例1-1のステップ1と同様のDNA断片#1およびDNA断片#2と、DNA断片#3に代えて下記のようなDNA断片#5とを用いて、実施例1-1のステップ2と同様にしてコンストラクトを作製した後、抗ヒトCD20 CAR_F2A_mbIL15RA_F2A_CCL19含有pMSGVレトロウイルス発現ベクター(mbIL15RA_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター)を得た。
F2A、マウスIL-2SP、マウスIL-15のコンストラクト「mbIL15RA」(IL-15、リンカーおよび全長のIL-15Rαからなる融合ペプチド)、F2A、ならびにマウスCCL19をコードする塩基配列を含むDNA断片を合成した。このDNA断片#5全体の塩基配列を配列番号8(図11)に示す。配列番号8において、7~81番目の塩基が第1のF2Aをコードする配列、82~141番目の塩基がマウスIL-2SPをコードする配列、142~1311番目の塩基がmbIL15RAをコードする配列(そのうち142~540番目の塩基がマウスIL-15(シグナル配列および終止コドンを除く)をコードし、541~618番目の塩基がリンカーであり、619~1311番目の塩基がマウスIL-15Rα(全長)をコードする)、1312~1386番目の塩基が第2のF2Aをコードする配列、1390~1713番目の塩基がマウスCCL19をコードする配列である。DNA断片#5の7~1713番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、mbIL15RAを含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列を配列番号9に示す。
レトロウイルス発現ベクターとして、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの代わりに上記ベクター作製工程により得られたmbIL15RA_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターを用いたこと以外は実施例1-1のCAR-T細胞製造工程と同様にして、ステップ1においてレトロウイルス含有調製物を得て、ステップ2においてそのレトロウイルスに含まれる抗ヒトCD20 CAR、mbIL15RAおよびCCL19の各遺伝子が発現したマウスT細胞(mbIL15RA_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR-T細胞、本明細書において「mbIL15×CCL19 CAR-T細胞」と呼ぶ。)を製造した。
[A:ベクター作製工程]sushiIL15_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの作製
実施例1-1のステップ1と同様のDNA断片1およびDNA断片2と、DNA断片#3に代えて下記のようなDNA断片#6とを用いて、実施例1-1のステップ2と同様にしてコンストラクトを作製した後、抗ヒトCD20 CAR_F2A_sushiIL15_F2A_CCL19含有pMSGVレトロウイルス発現ベクター(sushiIL15_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター)を得た。
F2A、マウスIL-15コンストラクト「sushiIL15」(IL-15Rαのsushiドメイン、リンカーおよびIL-15からなる融合ペプチド)、F2A、ならびにマウスCCL19をコードする塩基配列を含むDNA断片を合成した。このDNA断片#6全体の塩基配列を配列番号10(図12)に示す。配列番号10において、7~81番目の塩基が第1のF2Aをコードする配列、82~777番目の塩基がsushiIL15をコードする配列(そのうち82~375番目の塩基がマウスIL-15RαのSPおよびsushiドメインをコードし、376~435番目の塩基がリンカーであり、436~777番目の塩基がマウスIL-15(シグナル配列およびプロペプチドを除く)をコードする)、778~852番目の塩基が第2のF2Aをコードする配列、856~1179番目の塩基がマウスCCL19をコードする配列である。DNA断片#6の7~1179番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、sushiIL15を含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列を配列番号11に示す。
レトロウイルス発現ベクターとして、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの代わりに上記ベクター作製工程により得られたsushiIL15_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター用いたこと以外は実施例1-1のCAR-T細胞製造工程と同様にして、ステップ1においてレトロウイルス含有調製物を得て、ステップ2においてそのレトロウイルスに含まれる抗ヒトCD20 CAR、sushiIL15およびCCL19の各遺伝子が発現したマウスT細胞(sushiIL15_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR-T細胞、本明細書において「sushiIL15×CCL19 CAR-T細胞」と呼ぶ。)を得た。
[A:ベクター作製工程]IL18_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの作製
実施例1-1のステップ1と同様のDNA断片1およびDNA断片2と、DNA断片#3に代えて下記のようなDNA断片#7とを用いて、実施例1-1のステップ2と同様にしてコンストラクトを作製した後、抗ヒトCD20 CAR_F2A_IL-18_F2A_CCL19含有pMSGVレトロウイルス発現ベクター(IL18_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター)を得た。
第1のF2A、マウスIL-18、第2のF2A、およびマウスCCL19をコードする塩基配列を含むDNA断片を人工合成した。このDNA断片#7全体の塩基配列を配列番号12(図13)に示す。配列番号12において、7~81番目の塩基が第1のF2Aをコードする配列、82~657番目の塩基がマウスIL-18をコードする配列、658~732番目の塩基が第2のF2Aをコードする配列、736~1059番目の塩基がマウスCCL19をコードする配列である。DNA断片#7の7~1059番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列を配列番号13に示す。
レトロウイルス発現ベクターとして、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの代わりに上記ベクター作製工程により得られたIL18_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターを用いたこと以外は実施例1-1のCAR-T細胞製造工程と同様にして、ステップ1においてレトロウイルス含有調製物を得て、ステップ2においてそのレトロウイルスに含まれる抗ヒトCD20 CAR、IL-18およびCCL19の各遺伝子が発現したマウスT細胞(IL18_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR-T細胞、本明細書において「IL18×CCL19 CAR-T細胞」と呼ぶ。)を得た。
[A:ベクター作製工程]IL21_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの作製
実施例1-1のステップ1と同様のDNA断片1およびDNA断片2と、DNA断片#3に代えて下記のようなDNA断片#8とを用いて、実施例1-1のステップ2と同様にしてコンストラクトを作製した後、抗ヒトCD20 CAR_F2A_IL-21_F2A_CCL19含有pMSGVレトロウイルス発現ベクター(IL21_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター)を得た。
第1のF2A、マウスIL-21、第2のF2A、およびマウスCCL19をコードする塩基配列を含むDNA断片を人工合成した。このDNA断片#8全体の塩基配列を配列番号14(図14)に示す。配列番号14において、7~81番目の塩基が第1のF2Aをコードする配列、82~567番目の塩基がマウスIL-21をコードする配列、568~642番目の塩基が第2のF2Aをコードする配列、646~969番目の塩基がマウスCCL19をコードする配列である。DNA断片#8の7~969番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列を配列番号15に示す。
レトロウイルス発現ベクターとして、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの代わりに上記ベクター作製工程により得られたIL21_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターを用いたこと以外は実施例1-1のCAR-T細胞製造工程と同様にして、ステップ1においてレトロウイルス含有調製物を得て、ステップ2においてそのレトロウイルスに含まれる抗ヒトCD20 CAR、IL-21およびCCL19の各遺伝子が発現したマウスT細胞(IL21_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR-T細胞、本明細書において「IL21×CCL19 CAR-T細胞」と呼ぶ。)を得た。
[A:ベクター作製工程]scIL27_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの作製
実施例1-1のステップ1と同様のDNA断片1およびDNA断片2と、DNA断片#3に代えて下記のようなDNA断片#9とを用いて、実施例1-1のステップ2と同様にしてコンストラクトを作製した後、抗ヒトCD20 CAR_F2A_scIL-27_F2A_CCL19含有pMSGVレトロウイルス発現ベクター(scIL27_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター)を得た。
第1のF2A、マウスIL-27コンストラクト「scIL27」(p28、リンカーおよびEBI3からなる融合ペプチド)、第2のF2A、ならびにCCL19をコードする塩基配列を含むDNA断片を人工合成した。このDNA断片#9全体の塩基配列を配列番号16(図15)に示す。配列番号16おいて、7~81番目の塩基が第1のF2Aをコードする配列、82~1437番目の塩基がscIL27をコードする配列(そのうち82~765番目の塩基がマウスEBI3をコードし、766~819番目の塩基がリンカーであり、820~1437番目の塩基がマウスp28をコードする)、1438~1512番目の塩基が第2のF2Aをコードする配列、1516~1839番目の塩基がマウスCCL19をコードする配列である。DNA断片#9の7~1839番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、scIL27を含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列を配列番号17に示す。
レトロウイルス発現ベクターとして、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの代わりに上記ベクター作製工程により得られたscIL27_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターを用いたこと以外は実施例1-1のCAR-T細胞製造工程と同様にして、ステップ1においてレトロウイルス含有調製物を得て、ステップ2においてそのレトロウイルスに含まれる抗ヒトCD20 CAR、scIL27およびCCL19の各遺伝子が発現したマウスT細胞(scIL27_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR-T細胞、本明細書において「scIL27×CCL19 CAR-T細胞」と呼ぶ。)を得た。
レトロウイルスベクターの作製およびそれを用いたT細胞へのトランスフェクションを行わず、実施例1-1の工程Bステップ2において、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター調製物を用いるかわりにGP2-293細胞培養に用いるDMEM培地を等量加えたこと以外は同様の手順で、活性化のみ行ったマウスT細胞(本明細書において「transduction(-)T細胞」と呼ぶ。)を製造した。
[A:ベクター作製工程]抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの作製
実施例1-1の工程Aステップ2の途中までと同様の手順で、DNA断片1、DNA断片2およびpMSGVレトロウイルスベクターを用いて、抗ヒトCD20 CAR_MCS含有pMSGVレトロウイルス発現ベクターを作製した。これを、サイトカインおよびケモカインを共発現させない、コントロール用のレトロウイルス発現ベクター(抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクター)として用いた。
レトロウイルス発現ベクターとして、IL15LSP_CCL19_抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターの代わりに抗ヒトCD20 CAR発現ベクターを用いたこと以外は実施例1-1のCAR-T細胞製造工程と同様にして、ステップ1においてレトロウイルス含有調製物を得て、ステップ2においてそのレトロウイルスに含まれる抗ヒトCD20 CARのみを発現する(サイトカインおよびケモカインを発現しない)マウスT細胞(抗ヒトCD20 CAR-T細胞、本明細書において「conv.CAR-T細胞」と呼ぶ。)を得た。
[A:フローサイトメトリーによるCARの発現測定]
上記実施例および比較例で製造したT細胞を用いて、細胞表面における抗ヒトCD20 CARの発現レベルを、下記のようなフローサイトメトリーによって解析した。
形質導入から42時間後の各T細胞の培養上清を回収し、IL-15、IL-18、IL-21、IL-27およびCCL19の濃度を市販のELISAキット(IL-18のみMBL社、それ以外はR&D systems社)を用いて測定した。
上記実施例および比較例で製造したT細胞を用いて、各T細胞から産生されるサイトカイン(IL-15、IL-18、IL-21およびIL-27)が生物的な機能を発揮し、免疫誘導効果を示すか否かを、下記のようにしてCAR-T細胞の細胞数および増殖能力を測定することにより検討した。
上記実施例および比較例で製造したT細胞を用いて、ターゲット抗原特異的な腫瘍細胞傷害活性を検討した。
ヒトCD20を発現するよう遺伝子組換えを行ったP815マストサイトーマ(hCD20/P815)をターゲット腫瘍細胞とし、そのような遺伝子組換えを行っていないP815マストサイトーマ(P815)をコントロール腫瘍細胞として用いた。
ターゲット抗原特異的な細胞傷害能力の活性化の指標として、CAR-T細胞から産生されるインターフェロンγ(IFNγ)を市販のELISAアッセイキット(R&D社)によって測定した。前述のP815細胞(コントロール腫瘍細胞)またはhCD20-P815細胞(ターゲット腫瘍細胞)と共培養した、各実施例のCAR-T細胞(IL15LSP×CCL19 CAR-T細胞(実施例1-1)、sIL15RA×CCL19 CAR-T細胞(実施例1-2)、mbIL15RA×CCL19 CAR-T細胞(実施例1-3)、sushiIL15×CCL19 CAR-T細胞(実施例1-4)、IL-18×CCL19 CAR-T細胞(実施例2)、IL-21×CCL19 CAR-T細胞(実施例3)およびscIL27×CCL19 CAR-T細胞(実施例4))または比較例2のCAR-T細胞(conv.CAR-T細胞)の、共培養4日後の培養上清中のIFNγの量を測定した。
上記実施例1-3および実施例1-4、比較例2で製造したT細胞を用いて、マウスメラノーマ腫瘍移植モデル又はマウス大腸がん腫瘍モデルに対する治療効果を下記のような担癌マウスを用いて検討した。
ヒトCD20を発現するように遺伝子組換えを行ったマウスメラノーマB16F10(B16F10-hCD20)5×105個をC57BL/6Nマウスの皮下に接種した。接種後7日目に抗がん剤であるシクロホスファミド(CPA、50mg/kg)を腹腔内に投与し、10日目に1×106個の実施例1-3のCAR-T細胞(mbIL15RAxCCL19 CAR-T)又は、実施例1-4のCAR-T細胞(sushiIL15xCCL19 CAR-T)又は、比較例2(Conv.CAR-T)を静脈内に投与した。対照群として、CPA投与のみを行ったCAR-T未治療群、B16F10-hCD20マウスメラノーマを接種後無処置の非治療群を設定した。マウスの腫瘍体積は1週間に2回測定した。
ヒトCD20を発現するように遺伝子組換えを行ったマウス大腸がんMC38(MC38-hCD20)5×105個をC57BL/6Nマウスの皮下に接種した。接種後7日目に抗がん剤であるシクロホスファミド(CPA、50mg/kg)を腹腔内に投与し、10日目に1×106個の実施例1-3のCAR-T細胞(mbIL15RAxCCL19 CAR-T)又は、実施例1-4のCAR-T細胞(sushiIL15xCCL19 CAR-T)又は、比較例2(Conv.CAR-T)を静脈内に投与した。対照群として、CPA投与のみを行ったCAR-T未治療群、MC38-hCD20マウス大腸がんを接種後無処置の非治療群を設定した。マウスの腫瘍体積は1週間に2回測定した。
配列番号2:DNA断片#1の3~1637番目の塩基配列によって発現する融合タンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号3:終止コドンおよび制限酵素サイトをコードするMCS DNA断片(DNA断片#2)の塩基配列
配列番号4:IL15LSP_F2A_CCL19 DNA断片(DNA断片#3)の塩基配列
配列番号5:DNA断片#3の7~969番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、IL15LSPを含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列
配列番号6:sIL15RA_F2A_CCL19 DNA断片(DNA断片#4)のアミノ酸配列
配列番号7:DNA断片#4の7~1539番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、sIL15RAを含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列
配列番号8:mbIL15RA_F2A_CCL19 DNA断片(DNA断片#5)の塩基配列
配列番号9:DNA断片#5の7~1713番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、mbIL15RAを含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列
配列番号10:sushiIL15_F2A_CCL19 DNA断片(DNA断片#6)の塩基配列
配列番号11:DNA断片#6の7~1179番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、sushiIL15を含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列
配列番号12:IL-18_F2A_CCL19 DNA断片(DNA断片#7)の塩基配列
配列番号13:DNA断片#7の7~1059番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列
配列番号14:IL-21_F2A_CCL19 DNA断片(DNA断片#8)の塩基配列
配列番号15:DNA断片#8の7~969番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列
配列番号16:scIL27_F2A_CCL19 DNA断片(DNA断片#9)
配列番号17:DNA断片#9の7~1839番目の塩基配列によって発現し、2箇所のF2Aで自己切断する、scIL27を含む融合タンパク質全体のアミノ酸配列
配列番号18:UniProtKB-P40933として登録されている、ヒトの天然のIL-15(シグナルペプチドおよびプロペプチド部分を含む全長)のアミノ酸配列
配列番号19:UniProtKB-Q13261として登録されているヒトの天然のIL-15Rα(シグナルペプチド、sushiドメイン、細胞外ドメイン等を含む全長)のアミノ酸配列
Claims (18)
- (1)キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)、
(2)インターロイキン-15(IL-15)、インターロイキン-18(IL-18)、インターロイキン-21(IL-21)およびインターロイキン-27(IL-27)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種、ならびに
(3)CCケモカインリガンド19(CCL19)
を発現するT細胞。 - 前記(2)がIL-15である、請求項1に記載のT細胞。
- 前記IL-15が、IL-15Rαと連結して融合タンパク質を形成した状態にあるIL-15である、請求項2に記載のT細胞。
- 前記融合タンパク質が、IL-15LSPとIL-15とが連結した融合タンパク質(IL15LSP)、IL-15Rα細胞外ドメインとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sIL15RA)、IL-15と全長のIL-15Rαが連結した融合タンパク質(mbIL15RA)、または、シグナルペプチドおよびsushiドメインを含むIL-15RαとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sushiIL15)である、請求項3に記載のT細胞。
- 前記融合タンパク質が、IL-15と全長のIL-15Rαが連結した融合タンパク質(mbIL15RA)、または、シグナルペプチドおよびsushiドメインを含むIL-15RαとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sushiIL15)である、請求項3に記載のT細胞。
- 請求項1に記載のT細胞を含有する医薬。
- がんの治療剤である、請求項6に記載の医薬。
- 前記がんが、メラノーマ、メルケル細胞がん、大腸がん、腎臓がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、肝臓がん、肺がん、非小細胞肺がん、頭頚部がん、小腸がん、前立腺がん、膀胱がん、直腸がん、膵臓がん、ユーイング肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、上咽頭がん、食道がん、胆道がん、神経芽腫、骨肉腫、急性骨髄性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、リンパ腫または白血病である、請求項7に記載の医薬。
- (1)CARをコードする核酸、
(2)IL-15、IL-18、IL-21およびIL-27からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種をコードする核酸、ならびに
(3)CCL19をコードする核酸
を含む、発現ベクター。 - 前記(2)がIL-15である、請求項9に記載の発現ベクター。
- 前記IL-15が、IL-15Rαと連結して融合タンパク質を形成した状態にあるIL-15である、請求項10に記載の発現ベクター。
- 前記融合タンパク質が、IL-15LSPとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(IL15LSP)、IL-15Rα細胞外ドメインとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sIL15RA)、IL-15と全長のIL-15Rαが連結した融合タンパク質(mbIL15RA)、または、シグナルペプチドおよびsushiドメインを含むIL-15RαとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sushiIL15)である、請求項11に記載の発現ベクター。
- 前記融合タンパク質が、IL-15と全長のIL-15Rαが連結した融合タンパク質(mbIL15RA)、または、シグナルペプチドおよびsushiドメインを含むIL-15RαとIL-15が連結した融合タンパク質(sushiIL15)である、請求項11に記載の発現ベクター。
- 請求項9に記載の発現ベクターをT細胞に導入する工程を含む、CAR-T細胞の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載のT細胞を、がんの治療を必要とする対象に投与する工程を含む、がんの治療方法。
- 前記がんが、メラノーマ、メルケル細胞がん、大腸がん、腎臓がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、肝臓がん、肺がん、非小細胞肺がん、頭頚部がん、小腸がん、前立腺がん、膀胱がん、直腸がん、膵臓がん、ユーイング肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、上咽頭がん、食道がん、胆道がん、神経芽腫、骨肉腫、急性骨髄性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、リンパ腫または白血病である、請求項15に記載の治療方法。
- がんの治療の有効成分として使用するための、請求項1に記載のT細胞。
- 前記がんが、メラノーマ、メルケル細胞がん、大腸がん、腎臓がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、肝臓がん、肺がん、非小細胞肺がん、頭頚部がん、小腸がん、前立腺がん、膀胱がん、直腸がん、膵臓がん、ユーイング肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、上咽頭がん、食道がん、胆道がん、神経芽腫、骨肉腫、急性骨髄性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、リンパ腫または白血病である、請求項17に記載のT細胞。
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JP2020539612A JPWO2020045610A1 (ja) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | Car発現t細胞及びcar発現ベクター |
BR112021003640-7A BR112021003640A2 (pt) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | célula t, medicamento, vetor de expressão, e, métodos para produzir uma célula de t car e para tratar câncer |
AU2019331866A AU2019331866A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | Car-expressing T cells and car expression vector |
EP19853937.1A EP3845654A4 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | CAR-EXPRESSING T CELLS AND CAR-EXPRESSION VECTOR |
EA202190624A EA202190624A1 (ru) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | Car-экспрессирующие т-клетки и car-экспрессирующий вектор |
SG11202101930XA SG11202101930XA (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | Car-expressing t cells and car expression vector |
US17/271,451 US20210309712A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | Car-expressing t cells and car expression vector |
CN201980056592.XA CN112771166A (zh) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | 表达car的t细胞和car表达载体 |
MX2021002373A MX2021002373A (es) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | Celulas t que expresan car y vector de expresion de car. |
KR1020217009198A KR20210053925A (ko) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | Car 발현 t 세포 및 car 발현 벡터 |
CA3111170A CA3111170A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-30 | Car-expressing t cells and car expression vector |
IL281013A IL281013A (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-02-22 | T cells express CAR and CAR expression vector |
CONC2021/0003508A CO2021003508A2 (es) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-03-18 | Células t que expresan car y vector de expresión de car |
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JP2023515655A (ja) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-04-13 | 南京北恒生物科技有限公司 | 改変免疫細胞とその使用 |
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KR20240038723A (ko) | 2021-07-29 | 2024-03-25 | 다케다 야쿠힝 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 메소텔린을 특이적으로 표적화하는 car-발현 면역 세포 및 이의 용도 |
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JP7524465B2 (ja) | 2020-08-14 | 2024-07-29 | カイト ファーマ インコーポレイテッド | 免疫細胞機能の改善 |
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KR20240038723A (ko) | 2021-07-29 | 2024-03-25 | 다케다 야쿠힝 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 메소텔린을 특이적으로 표적화하는 car-발현 면역 세포 및 이의 용도 |
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WO2023205868A1 (pt) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-11-02 | Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto | Sequência de ácido nucleico que codifica um receptor de célula natural killer de antígeno quimérico (nk-car), polipeptídeo do referido nk car, vetor que compreende a referida sequência de ácido nucleico, método in vitro de obtenção de uma célula nk, uso dos referidos sequência de ácido nucleica, polipeptídeo ou vetor, e composição farmacêutica |
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AU2019331866A1 (en) | 2021-04-01 |
BR112021003640A2 (pt) | 2021-05-18 |
US20210309712A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
EA202190624A1 (ru) | 2021-06-09 |
EP3845654A4 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
IL281013A (en) | 2021-04-29 |
CN112771166A (zh) | 2021-05-07 |
CA3111170A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
TW202016295A (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
MX2021002373A (es) | 2021-07-15 |
KR20210053925A (ko) | 2021-05-12 |
JPWO2020045610A1 (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
CO2021003508A2 (es) | 2021-08-09 |
EP3845654A1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
SG11202101930XA (en) | 2021-03-30 |
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