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WO2019237738A1 - 适用于5g通信的双极化毫米波天线系统及移动终端 - Google Patents

适用于5g通信的双极化毫米波天线系统及移动终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019237738A1
WO2019237738A1 PCT/CN2019/072003 CN2019072003W WO2019237738A1 WO 2019237738 A1 WO2019237738 A1 WO 2019237738A1 CN 2019072003 W CN2019072003 W CN 2019072003W WO 2019237738 A1 WO2019237738 A1 WO 2019237738A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
branch
antenna system
feeding branch
dual
dielectric layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/072003
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴胜杰
赵安平
Original Assignee
深圳市信维通信股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司
Priority to US16/276,731 priority Critical patent/US10749272B2/en
Publication of WO2019237738A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237738A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a dual-polarized millimeter wave antenna system and a mobile terminal suitable for 5G communication.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution, Long Term Evolution
  • a method of multiplying an antenna or a dual-polarized antenna is usually used to increase the throughput of a communication system.
  • 5G communication system two sub-6GHz (below 6GHz) frequency bands and millimeter wave working frequency bands are planned.
  • the method of multiplying the antenna that is, the MIMO antenna is used.
  • the millimeter wave frequency band because the frequency band is greatly attenuated, the antenna needs to work in an array.
  • the millimeter-wave mobile phone and base station will adopt point-to-point communication, in the case where the base station uses dual polarization, if the mobile phone also adopts dual polarization, it can effectively improve the communication performance or transmission rate.
  • a wide coverage angle is proposed in the article "A Novel mm-Wave Phased Array for 180 ° coverage for 5G Smartphone Applications", 2018 European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2018, London, UK, paper CS15.5.
  • Dual polarized antenna the antenna system achieves dual polarized work by exciting the TM01 mode and TM10 mode of the microstrip antenna.
  • the maximum radiation direction of a microstrip antenna is the side emission direction (perpendicular to the antenna directly above).
  • the author uses a microstrip antenna.
  • a Yagi antenna in the form of a microstrip is added next to it.
  • the synthetic pattern can enhance the radiation in the end-fire direction to achieve wide-angle coverage.
  • the antenna system has a large difference in the combined pattern of the two polarizations. One of them is polarized. The surface current on the microstrip antenna and the Yagi antenna are in phase. The combined pattern has excellent performance and achieves wide-angle coverage. The other polarization The two currents are orthogonal, and deeper pits appear in the composite pattern, so wide-angle coverage cannot be achieved in this polarization direction.
  • the antenna system takes up too much area and requires headroom. It also needs to excite both the microstrip antenna and the Yagi antenna when working, which increases the complexity of the RF circuit.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system and a mobile terminal suitable for 5G communication.
  • a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system and a mobile terminal suitable for 5G communication are different Both polarization directions can achieve wide-angle coverage, and occupy a small area, which is easy for mass production.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a dual-polarized millimeter wave antenna system suitable for 5G communication includes at least six antenna units arranged at intervals.
  • the antenna unit includes a radiating body and a directing structure.
  • the radiating body includes a first dielectric layer and a main radiating portion.
  • the first feed branch, the second feed branch, the third feed branch, and the fourth feed branch, and the main radiating part, the third feed branch, and the fourth feed branch are all located in the first dielectric layer
  • the upper surface, the first feeding branch and the second feeding branch are located on the lower surface of the first dielectric layer, the third feeding branch is electrically connected to the first feeding branch, and the fourth The feeding branch is electrically connected to the second feeding branch;
  • the directing structure is disposed near the main radiating portion, and a main plane of the directing structure is disposed at an angle with a plane where the main radiating portion is located,
  • the directing structure includes a second dielectric layer, a first directing portion, and a second directing portion, and the first directing portion
  • a mobile terminal includes a metal ground plate and the dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system suitable for 5G communication.
  • the dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system is disposed near one side of the metal ground plate.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the directing structure does not need to feed power, simplifies the antenna system, and is beneficial to reducing costs; the directing structure can make the same contribution to two different polarization patterns of the radiating body, and achieve wide-angle coverage and
  • the antenna system has good consistency in the polarization patterns of + 45 ° and -45 °; the antenna system of the present invention occupies a small area and does not need to set headroom, and the antenna system can be set on a complete metal ground plate, which is suitable for Full screen device.
  • the mobile terminal adopting the antenna system can be arranged on one side without occupying a large space, which is conducive to the development of the mobile terminal in the direction of thinning and full screen.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile terminal according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an antenna unit in a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system suitable for 5G communication according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of an antenna unit in a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system suitable for 5G communication according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiating body in an antenna unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of a radiating body in an antenna unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another part of a radiating body in the antenna unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a directing structure in an antenna unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of an antenna unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a surface current distribution diagram of the antenna unit feeding power through the first power feeding port at 28 GHz according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a surface current distribution diagram of the antenna unit feeding power through the second power feeding port at 28 GHz according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a 3D directional diagram of an antenna unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention without a directing structure at 28 GHz;
  • FIG. 12 is a 3D directional diagram of an antenna unit having a directing structure at 28 GHz according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a comparison direction diagram of the direction diagrams of FIGS. 11 and 12 on the YOZ plane;
  • FIG. 15 is a + 45 ° polarization direction diagram of a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system suitable for 5G communication in the XOZ plane at 28 GHz, with a scanning angle of 0 ° to 50 ° in the Theta direction;
  • FIG. 16 is a -45 ° polarization direction diagram of a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system suitable for 5G communication according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention at a scanning angle of 0 ° to 50 ° along theta direction in the XOZ plane at 28 GHz.
  • a guide structure is provided near the main radiating part, which can make the same contribution to the two different polarization patterns of the + 45 ° and -45 ° of the radiating body, to achieve wide-angle coverage and the antenna
  • the two polarization patterns of the system are consistent.
  • a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system suitable for 5G communication includes at least six antenna units 30 spaced apart.
  • the antenna unit 30 includes a radiating body 1 and a guide structure 2.
  • the radiating body 1 includes a first dielectric layer 3, a main radiating portion 4, a first feeding branch 5, a second feeding branch 6, a third feeding branch 7, and a fourth feeding branch 8.
  • the main radiating portion 4 The third feeding branch 7 and the fourth feeding branch 8 are all located on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 3, and the first feeding branch 5 and the second feeding branch 6 are located on the first dielectric layer 3
  • the lower feed surface, the third feed branch 7 is electrically connected to the first feed branch 5, the fourth feed branch 8 is electrically connected to the second feed branch 6, and the guide structure 2 It is arranged close to the main radiating part 4, and the main plane of the guide structure 2 is arranged at an angle with the plane where the main radiating part 4 is located.
  • the guide structure 2 includes a second dielectric layer 17 and a first guide.
  • a guide portion 18 and a second guide portion 19, the first guide portion 18 and the second guide portion 19 are respectively located on opposite sides of the second dielectric layer 17, and Said first lead portion 18 is connected to the second electrical lead 19 portion.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the guiding structure does not need to feed power, which simplifies the antenna system and is beneficial to reducing costs.
  • the main plane of the guiding structure is the plane where the second dielectric layer is located.
  • the planes where the first and second guides are located are parallel to the main plane, and the included angle can be set as required; the guide structure can make the same contribution to the two different polarization patterns of the radiating body and achieve a wide width.
  • the coverage of the angle and the pattern of the two polarizations of the antenna system are consistent.
  • the shapes of the first and second directing portions can be set as required.
  • the materials of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both Insulation material.
  • the antenna system of the present invention occupies a small area and does not need to be provided with a headroom, and the antenna system can be disposed on a complete metal ground plate, which is suitable for a full-screen device.
  • the shape of the main radiation portion 4 is rectangular or circular, and the shapes of the first directing portion 18 and the second directing portion 19 are both rectangular or circular.
  • the shape and size of the main radiating portion, the first directing portion, and the second directing portion can be set as required.
  • the resonance frequency of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the main radiating portion.
  • the sizes of the second guide portions may be set to be the same or different.
  • first feeding branch 5 and the second feeding branch 6 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the main radiating portion 4.
  • the impedance matching of the antenna unit can be adjusted by adjusting the length and width of the first feeding branch and the second feeding branch.
  • first feeding branch 5 and the second feeding branch 6 are both L-shaped or arc-shaped.
  • the shapes of the first feeding branch and the second feeding branch can be set as required.
  • the included angle is 90 °.
  • the shape of the main radiating portion 4 is a square, and one of the diagonal lines of the main radiating portion 4 is perpendicular to the main plane of the guide structure 2, the first feeding branch 5 and the second
  • the shapes of the feeding branches 6 are all L-shaped, and the first feeding branch 5 and the second feeding branch 6 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the diagonal
  • the first feeding branch 5 includes a first long branch And the first short branch, the first long branch is fixedly connected to the first short branch, the first long branch is disposed perpendicular to one side of the main radiating part 4, and the second feeding branch 6 includes a second long branch Branch and second short branch, the second long branch is fixedly connected to the second short branch, and the second long branch is disposed perpendicularly to the other side of the main radiation portion 4.
  • the diagonal of the main radiating part is perpendicular to the main plane of the leading structure
  • the first feeding branch and the second feeding branch are symmetrically arranged with respect to the diagonal
  • the first long branch and the second long branch One side perpendicular to the main radiating portion is beneficial for the antenna unit to form dual polarization, and the directing structure has the same influence on two different polarization directions of + 45 ° and -45 °.
  • first grounding portion 9 which is located on a lower surface of the first dielectric layer 3.
  • the antenna unit can be grounded through the first grounding portion.
  • the radiation body 1 further includes a third dielectric layer 10 and an adhesive layer 11, and the third dielectric layer 10 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 3 through the adhesive layer 11.
  • the second grounding portion 12, the third grounding portion 13, and the fourth grounding portion 14 are all located on the first dielectric layer. 3, and the second ground portion 12, the third ground portion 13, and the fourth ground portion 14 are electrically connected to the first ground portion 9, respectively.
  • the second ground portion, the third ground portion, and the fourth ground portion are provided on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer.
  • the antenna unit can be grounded by processing through holes to avoid processing blind holes and simplify processing. Craft.
  • a mobile terminal includes a metal ground plate 20, and also includes the dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system suitable for 5G communication.
  • the dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system is disposed near one side of the metal ground plate 20. .
  • a mobile terminal using the antenna system can be set on one side without occupying a large space, which is conducive to the development of the mobile terminal in the direction of thinning and full screen.
  • the manner in which the antenna unit is placed on the metal ground plate can be set as required.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention is:
  • a mobile terminal as shown in FIG. 1 includes a metal ground plate 20 and a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system suitable for 5G communication.
  • the dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system is close to one side of the metal ground plate 20 Settings.
  • the dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system includes at least six antenna units 30 disposed at intervals. Preferably, the number of the antenna units 30 is eight, and the distance between two adjacent antenna units 30 is the same.
  • the placing manner of the antenna unit 30 with respect to the metal ground plate 20 is not limited to the form in FIG. 1, and the entire antenna unit may be rotated to the left or right by a certain angle as required.
  • the antenna unit 30 includes a radiating body 1 and a directing structure 2, and the radiating body 1 is disposed horizontally.
  • the radiating body 1 includes a first dielectric layer 3, a main radiating portion 4, a first feeding branch 5, a second feeding branch 6, a third feeding branch 7, a fourth feeding branch 8, and a first grounding portion 9. , A third dielectric layer 10 and an adhesive layer 11.
  • the main radiating part 4, the third feeding branch 7, and the fourth feeding branch 8 are all located on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 3.
  • the first feeding branch 5 and the second feeding branch 6 are located at The lower surface of the first dielectric layer 3, the third feeding branch 7 is electrically connected to the first feeding branch 5, and the fourth feeding branch 8 is electrically connected to the second feeding branch 6,
  • electrical connections can be made through metallized vias.
  • the first grounding portion 9 is located on the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 3, the first grounding portion 9 and the metal grounding plate 20 are electrically connected through a metalized via, and the third dielectric layer 10 is connected through the adhesive layer. 11 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 3.
  • the materials of the main radiating portion 4, the first feeding branch 5, the second feeding branch 6, the third feeding branch 7, the fourth feeding branch 8, and the first grounding portion 9 are all metal.
  • the materials of the first dielectric layer 3, the third dielectric layer 10, and the adhesive layer 11 are all insulating materials, and their thicknesses can be set as required.
  • the shape of the main radiating portion 4 is rectangular or circular.
  • the manner of placing the main radiating portion 4 can be set as required, and the resonance frequency of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the main radiating portion 4.
  • the first feeding branch 5 and the second feeding branch 6 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the main radiating part 4, and the shapes of the first feeding branch 5 and the second feeding branch 6 are L-shaped. Or curved.
  • the first feeding branch 5 includes a first long branch and a first short branch, and the first long branch and A first short branch is fixedly connected, the first long branch is disposed perpendicular to one side of the main radiating part 4, the second feeding branch 6 includes a second long branch and a second short branch, and the second long branch It is fixedly connected to the second short branch, and the second long branch is disposed perpendicular to the other side of the main radiation portion 4.
  • the impedance matching of the antenna unit 30 can be adjusted by adjusting the length and width of the first feeding branch 5 and the second feeding branch 6.
  • the second grounding portion 12 and The third grounding portion 13 and the fourth grounding portion 14, the second grounding portion 12, the third grounding portion 13, and the fourth grounding portion 14 are respectively electrically connected to the first grounding portion 9 through metallized vias.
  • the antenna unit 30 can be grounded by punching holes, which is convenient for processing.
  • the second ground portion 12, the third ground portion 13, and the fourth ground portion 14 are all made of metal.
  • the directing structure 2 is disposed near the main radiating portion 4, and the main plane of the directing structure 2 is disposed at an angle with the plane where the main radiating portion 4 is located. Preferably, the included angle is 90 ° .
  • the guide structure 2 includes a second dielectric layer 17, a first guide portion 18, and a second guide portion 19.
  • the first guide portion 18 and the second guide portion 19 are respectively located in the second dielectric layer. 17 are opposite sides, and the first lead-in portion 18 and the second lead-in portion 19 are electrically connected, and the first lead-in portion 18 and the second lead-in portion 19 may be electrically connected through a metalized via.
  • the shapes of the first and second guide portions 18 and 19 are both rectangular or circular, and the sizes of the first and second guide portions 18 and 19 can be set as required.
  • the area of the first directing portion 18 is larger than the area of the second directing portion 19, and the function of the directing structure 2 is to direct the radiation direction of the antenna unit 30 to the end side.
  • the main plane of the guide structure 2 is the plane on which the second dielectric layer 17 is located, and the planes on which the first guide portion 18 and the second guide portion 19 are located are parallel to the main plane, respectively.
  • the material of the first guide portion 18 and the second guide portion 19 are metal, and the material of the first dielectric layer 17 is an insulating material.
  • the first dielectric layer 3, the adhesive layer 11 and the third dielectric layer 10 may be pressed into a type by a PCB pressing process, and then formed integrally with the second dielectric layer 17 through an adhesion process.
  • the fourth ground portion 14, the first lead-in portion 18, and the second lead-in portion 19 can be printed on the surface of the corresponding dielectric layer by means of printing.
  • the performance of the + 45 ° and -45 ° dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system of this embodiment will be described below with an antenna system composed of the antenna unit 30 shown in FIG. 8.
  • the direction in which one diagonal line of the main radiating portion 4 is located is the X direction, and the direction in which the other diagonal line is located is the Y direction.
  • the shape of the main radiating portion 4 is square, and the diagonal line in the Y direction is perpendicular to the main plane of the lead structure 2.
  • the first feeding branch 5 and the second feeding branch 6 are in the Y direction.
  • the diagonal line is symmetrically arranged, the first long branch of the first feeding branch 5 is arranged perpendicular to one side of the main radiating part 4, and the second long branch of the second feeding branch 6 is perpendicular to the main radiating part Set on the other side of 4.
  • the first and second guide portions 18 and 19 are perpendicular to the XY plane along the X-axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the XY plane is the Z direction.
  • the shapes of the first and second guide portions 18 and 19 are both Is rectangular.
  • the third feeding branch 7 is provided with a first feeding port 15 at an end remote from the main radiating section 4, and the fourth feeding branch 8 is provided with a second feeding port 16 at an end remote from the main radiating section 4, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are surface current distribution diagrams of the antenna unit 30 at 28 GHz.
  • FIG. 9 is a surface current distribution diagram when feeding through the first feeding port 15, and
  • FIG. 10 is a surface current distribution diagram when feeding through the second feeding port 16. It can be seen from FIG. 9 and FIG.
  • the surface currents of the main radiating part 4 are orthogonal to each other, and the angle between the current direction and the Y axis is about 45 °, which is defined here as
  • the polarization obtained when the first feeding port 15 is fed is + 45 ° polarization
  • the polarization obtained when the second feeding port 16 is fed is -45 ° polarization, thereby realizing the dipole of the antenna unit 30 Into.
  • FIG. 14 it is the S-parameter diagram of the antenna unit in the antenna system.
  • S11 and S22 in the figure represent the return loss of the two feed ports of the antenna unit, and the remaining curved surface antenna units and the feed ports of adjacent antenna units Isolation.
  • the return loss of the antenna unit is better than -10dB between 26.9GHz and 28.4GHz, which meets the 5G millimeter wave 28GHz (27.5GHz ⁇ 28.35GHz) frequency band in the United States, and each feed port and phase of the antenna unit within the entire bandwidth
  • the isolation between adjacent antenna elements is better than -15dB.
  • Figures 15 and 16 they are ⁇ 45 ° polarization patterns with scanning angles of 0 ° to 50 ° along theta direction in the XOZ plane of the antenna system at 28 GHz.
  • the patterns of different scanning angles of the two polarizations are mirror-symmetrical about the centerline of the long side of the metal ground plate, so Figures 15 and 16 show the patterns of different scanning angles of the two polarizations, which will be different on the same side. .
  • the present invention provides a dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna system and a mobile terminal suitable for 5G communication.
  • the antenna system has the advantages of dual polarization and wide coverage angle.
  • the world-wide system can be processed by PCB technology, which is easy to mass produce.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统及移动终端，天线系统包括至少六个的间隔设置的天线单元，所述天线单元包括辐射主体和引向结构，所述辐射主体包括第一介质层、主辐射部、第一馈电分支、第二馈电分支、第三馈电分支和第四馈电分支，所述引向结构包括第二介质层、第一引向部和第二引向部。引向结构无需进行馈电，简化了天线系统，有利于降低成本；引向结构可以对辐射主体的+45°和-45°两个不同极化方向图产生相同的贡献，实现宽角度覆盖且天线系统两种极化的方向图一致性好；本发明的天线系统占用面积小，不需要设置净空，且天线系统可以设置在一块完整的金属接地板上，适用于全面屏设备。

Description

适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统及移动终端 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统及移动终端。
 背景技术
目前，在LTE（Long Term Evolution，长期演进）系统中，通常采用成倍增加天线或者双极化天线的方式来增加通信系统的吞吐量。对于5G通信系统而言，规划了Sub-6GHz(6GHz以下)频段和毫米波两个工作频段。为了提高通信系统的吞吐量，对于Sub-6GHz频段，多采用成倍增加天线也即MIMO天线的方式；对于毫米波频段，由于该频段传播时衰减很大，天线需要采用阵列的形式来工作。同时，由于毫米波手机端和基站端将采用点对点的通讯方式，因此在基站端使用双极化的情况下，手机端如果也采用双极化的方式可以有效地提升通讯性能或传输速率。
在文章“A Novel mm-Wave Phased Array for 180° coverage for 5G Smartphone Applications”, 2018 European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2018, London, UK, paper CS15.5.中提出了一种宽覆盖角度的双极化天线，该天线系统通过激励起微带天线的TM01模和TM10模来实现双极化工作。但微带天线的最大辐射方向为边射方向（垂直于天线的正上方），为了能让辐射能量向端射方向（平行于天线的方向）偏移进而实现宽角度覆盖，作者在微带天线旁边添加了一个微带形式的八木天线，通过同时激励微带天线和八木天线，合成方向图可以增强端射方向的辐射进而实现宽角度覆盖。但是该天线系统两种极化的合成方向图差别较大，其中一个极化，微带天线与八木天线上的表面电流同相，合成方向图性能优异，实现了宽角度覆盖；而另一个极化，两电流正交，合成方向图上出现了较深的凹点，因此在这个极化方向上未能实现宽角度覆盖。另外，该天线系统占用面积过大，且需要净空，工作时还需要同时激励微带天线和八木天线，这提高了射频电路的复杂度。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统及移动终端，特别，在本案的+45°和-45°双极化天线系统中，两个不同极化方向均可实现宽角度覆盖，而且占用面积小，易于批量生产。
 技术解决方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，包括至少六个间隔设置的天线单元，所述天线单元包括辐射主体和引向结构，所述辐射主体包括第一介质层、主辐射部、第一馈电分支、第二馈电分支、第三馈电分支和第四馈电分支，所述主辐射部、第三馈电分支和第四馈电分支均位于所述第一介质层的上表面，所述第一馈电分支和第二馈电分支位于所述第一介质层的下表面，所述第三馈电分支与所述第一馈电分支电气连接，所述第四馈电分支与所述第二馈电分支电气连接；所述引向结构靠近所述主辐射部设置，且所述引向结构的主平面与所述主辐射部所在的平面呈夹角设置，所述引向结构包括第二介质层、第一引向部和第二引向部，所述第一引向部和第二引向部分别位于所述第二介质层相对的两侧，且所述第一引向部与第二引向部电气连接。
本发明采用的另一技术方案为：
一种移动终端，包括金属接地板，还包括所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，所述双极化毫米波天线系统靠近所述金属接地板的一侧边设置。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：引向结构无需进行馈电，简化了天线系统，有利于降低成本；引向结构可以对辐射主体的两个不同极化方向图产生相同的贡献，实现宽角度覆盖且天线系统+45°和-45°两种极化的方向图一致性好；本发明的天线系统占用面积小，不需要设置净空，且天线系统可以设置在一块完整的金属接地板上，适用于全面屏设备。采用所述天线系统的移动终端可以将其设置在一侧边，不会占用较大的空间，有利于移动终端朝轻薄化和全面屏的方向发展。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一的移动终端的部分结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统中的天线单元的整体结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例一的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统中的天线单元的侧视图；
图4为本发明实施例一的天线单元中的辐射主体的结构示意图
图5为本发明实施例一的天线单元中的辐射主体的部分结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例一的天线单元中的辐射主体的另一部分结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例一的天线单元中的引向结构的部分结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例一的天线单元的部分结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例一的天线单元在28GHz时通过第一馈电口进行馈电的表面电流分布图；
图10为本发明实施例一的天线单元在28GHz时通过第二馈电口进行馈电的表面电流分布图；
图11为本发明实施例一的天线单元在28GHz时没有引向结构的3D方向图；
图12为本发明实施例一的天线单元在28GHz时有引向结构的3D方向图；
图13为图11与图12的方向图在YOZ平面的对比方向图；
图14为本发明实施例一的天线单元的S-参数图；
图15为本发明实施例一的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统在28GHz处XOZ平面内沿Theta方向扫描角0°~50°的+45°极化方向图；
图16为本发明实施例一的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统在28GHz处XOZ平面内沿Theta方向扫描角0°~50°的-45°极化方向图。
标号说明：
1、辐射主体；2、引向结构；3、第一介质层；4、主辐射部；5、第一馈电分支；6、第二馈电分支；7、第三馈电分支；8、第四馈电分支；9、第一接地部；10、第三介质层；11、粘接层；12、第二接地部；13、第三接地部；14、第四接地部；15、第一馈电口；16、第二馈电口；17、第二介质层；18、第一引向部；19、第二引向部；20、金属接地板；30、天线单元。
 本发明的实施方式
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、所实现目的及效果，以下结合实施方式并配合附图予以说明。
本发明最关键的构思在于：在靠近主辐射部的位置设置引向结构，可以对辐射主体的+45°和-45°两个不同极化方向图产生相同的贡献，实现宽角度覆盖且天线系统两种极化的方向图一致性好。
请参照图1至图7，一种适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，包括至少六个间隔设置的天线单元30，所述天线单元30包括辐射主体1和引向结构2，所述辐射主体1包括第一介质层3、主辐射部4、第一馈电分支5、第二馈电分支6、第三馈电分支7和第四馈电分支8，所述主辐射部4、第三馈电分支7和第四馈电分支8均位于所述第一介质层3的上表面，所述第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6位于所述第一介质层3的下表面，所述第三馈电分支7与所述第一馈电分支5电气连接，所述第四馈电分支8与所述第二馈电分支6电气连接；所述引向结构2靠近所述主辐射部4设置，且所述引向结构2的主平面与所述主辐射部4所在的平面呈夹角设置，所述引向结构2包括第二介质层17、第一引向部18和第二引向部19，所述第一引向部18和第二引向部19分别位于所述第二介质层17相对的两侧，且所述第一引向部18与第二引向部19电气连接。
从上述描述可知，本发明的有益效果在于：引向结构无需进行馈电，简化了天线系统，有利于降低成本，引向结构的主平面即为第二介质层所在的平面，第一引向部和第二引向部所在的平面分别与所述主平面平行，夹角的大小可以根据需要进行设置；引向结构可以对辐射主体的两个不同极化方向图产生相同的贡献，实现宽角度覆盖且天线系统两种极化的方向图一致性好，第一引向部和第二引向部的形状可以根据需要进行设置，所述第一介质层和第二介质层的材质均为绝缘材质。本发明的天线系统占用面积小，不需要设置净空，且天线系统可以设置在一块完整的金属接地板上，适用于全面屏设备。
进一步的，所述主辐射部4的形状为矩形或圆形，所述第一引向部18和第二引向部19的形状均为矩形或圆形。
由上述描述可知，主辐射部、第一引向部和第二引向部的形状、大小可以根据需要进行设置，通过调整主辐射部的大小可以调整天线的谐振频率，第一引向部和第二引向部的大小可以设置为相同，也可以设置为不同。
进一步的，所述第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6相对于所述主辐射部4对称设置。
由上述描述可知，通过调整第一馈电分支和第二馈电分支的长度和宽度可以调整天线单元的阻抗匹配。
进一步的，所述第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6的形状均为L形或弧形。
由上述描述可知，第一馈电分支和第二馈电分支的形状可以根据需要进行设置。
进一步的，所述夹角为90°。
进一步的，所述主辐射部4的形状为正方形，且所述主辐射部4的其中一条对角线垂直于所述引向结构2的主平面，所述第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6的形状均为L形，且所述第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6相对于所述对角线对称设置，所述第一馈电分支5包括第一长支和第一短支，所述第一长支与第一短支固定连接，所述第一长支垂直于所述主辐射部4的一边设置，所述第二馈电分支6包括第二长支和第二短支，所述第二长支与第二短支固定连接，所述第二长支垂直于所述主辐射部4的另一边设置。
由上述描述可知，主辐射部的对角线垂直于引向结构的主平面，第一馈电分支和第二馈电分支相对于对角线对称设置，以及第一长支和第二长支垂直于主辐射部的一边设置，有利于天线单元形成双极化，并且使得引向结构对+45°和-45°两个不同极化方向的影响相同。
进一步的，还包括第一接地部9，所述第一接地部9位于所述第一介质层3的下表面。
由上述描述可知，通过第一接地部可以对天线单元进行接地。
进一步的，所述辐射主体1还包括第三介质层10和粘接层11，所述第三介质层10通过所述粘接层11与所述第一介质层3的下表面固定连接。
由上述描述可知，设置第三介质层便于将整个天线系统进行固定。
进一步的，还包括第二接地部12、第三接地部13和第四接地部14，所述第二接地部12、第三接地部13和第四接地部14均位于所述第一介质层3的上表面，且所述第二接地部12、第三接地部13和第四接地部14分别与所述第一接地部9电气连接。
由上述描述可知，在第一介质层的上表面设置第二接地部、第三接地部和第四接地部，可以通过加工通孔的方式对天线单元进行接地，避免加工盲孔，可以简化加工工艺。
本发明涉及的另一技术方案为：
一种移动终端，包括金属接地板20，还包括所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，所述双极化毫米波天线系统靠近所述金属接地板20的一侧边设置。
由上述描述可知，采用所述天线系统的移动终端可以将其设置在一侧边，不会占用较大的空间，有利于移动终端朝轻薄化和全面屏的方向发展。其中，天线单元在金属接地板上的摆放方式可以根据需要进行设置。
请参照图1至图16，本发明的实施例一为：
如图1所示的一种移动终端，包括金属接地板20和适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，所述双极化毫米波天线系统靠近所述金属接地板20的一侧边设置。所述双极化毫米波天线系统包括至少六个间隔设置的天线单元30，优选的，所述天线单元30的数目为八个，相邻两个的天线单元30之间的间距相同。天线单元30相对于金属接地板20的摆放方式不限于图1中的形式，还可以根据需要将天线单元整体向左或向右旋转一定的角度。
如图2至图7所示，所述天线单元30包括辐射主体1和引向结构2，所述辐射主体1水平设置。所述辐射主体1包括第一介质层3、主辐射部4、第一馈电分支5、第二馈电分支6、第三馈电分支7、第四馈电分支8、第一接地部9、第三介质层10和粘接层11。所述主辐射部4、第三馈电分支7和第四馈电分支8均位于所述第一介质层3的上表面，所述第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6位于所述第一介质层3的下表面，所述第三馈电分支7与所述第一馈电分支5电气连接，所述第四馈电分支8与所述第二馈电分支6电气连接，例如，可以通过金属化过孔的方式电气连接。所述第一接地部9位于所述第一介质层3的下表面，第一接地部9与金属接地板20通过金属化过孔电气连接，所述第三介质层10通过所述粘接层11与所述第一介质层3的下表面固定连接。本实施例中，所述主辐射部4、第一馈电分支5、第二馈电分支6、第三馈电分支7、第四馈电分支8和第一接地部9的材质均为金属，所述第一介质层3、第三介质层10和粘接层11的材质均为绝缘材料，其厚度可以根据需要进行设置。所述主辐射部4的形状为矩形或圆形，主辐射部4的摆放方式可以根据需要进行设置，通过调整主辐射部4的大小可以调整天线的谐振频率。优选的，所述第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6相对于所述主辐射部4对称设置，所述第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6的形状均为L形或弧形。当所述第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6的形状均为L形时，所述第一馈电分支5包括第一长支和第一短支，所述第一长支与第一短支固定连接，所述第一长支垂直于所述主辐射部4的一边设置，所述第二馈电分支6包括第二长支和第二短支，所述第二长支与第二短支固定连接，所述第二长支垂直于所述主辐射部4的另一边设置。通过调整第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6的长度和宽度可以调整天线单元30的阻抗匹配。本实施例中，当通过第一接地部9与金属接地板20进行接地时，需要打盲孔来实现，加工不便，因此还在第一介质层3的上表面分别设置第二接地部12、第三接地部13和第四接地部14，所述第二接地部12、第三接地部13和第四接地部14分别与所述第一接地部9通过金属化过孔电气连接，这样就可以通过打通孔的方式对天线单元30进行接地，便于加工。所述第二接地部12、第三接地部13和第四接地部14的材质均为金属。
所述引向结构2靠近所述主辐射部4设置，且所述引向结构2的主平面与所述主辐射部4所在的平面呈夹角设置，优选的，所述夹角为90°。所述引向结构2包括第二介质层17、第一引向部18和第二引向部19，所述第一引向部18和第二引向部19分别位于所述第二介质层17相对的两侧，且所述第一引向部18与第二引向部19电气连接，第一引向部18和第二引向部19可以通过金属化过孔电气连接。本实施例中，所述第一引向部18和第二引向部19的形状均为矩形或圆形，第一引向部18和第二引向部19的大小可以根据需要进行设置，优选的，第一引向部18的面积大于第二引向部19的面积，引向结构2的作用是将天线单元30的辐射方向引向端侧。引向结构2的主平面即为第二介质层17所在的平面，第一引向部18和第二引向部19所在的平面分别与所述主平面平行。本实施例中，第一引向部18和第二引向部19的材质均为金属，第一介质层17的材质为绝缘材料。
本实施例中，第一介质层3、粘接层11和第三介质层10可以通过PCB压合工艺压合成型，然后通过粘接工艺与第二介质层17形成整体。主辐射部4、第一馈电分支5、第二馈电分支6、第三馈电分支7、第四馈电分支8、第一接地部9、第二接地部12、第三接地部13、第四接地部14、第一引向部18和第二引向部19可以通过印刷的方式印刷在相应介质层的表面。
下面以如图8所示的天线单元30组成的天线系统来说明本实施例的+45°和-45°双极化毫米波天线系统的性能。定义主辐射部4其中一条对角线所在的方向为X方向，另一条对角线所在的方向为Y方向。图8中，所述主辐射部4的形状为正方形，Y方向上的对角线垂直于引向结构2的主平面，第一馈电分支5和第二馈电分支6相对于Y方向上的对角线对称设置，第一馈电分支5的第一长支垂直于所述主辐射部4的一边设置，所述第二馈电分支6的第二长支垂直于所述主辐射部4的另一边设置。第一引向部18和第二引向部19沿X轴方向垂直于X-Y平面，垂直于X-Y平面的方向为Z方向，所述第一引向部18和第二引向部19的形状均为矩形。
所述第三馈电分支7远离主辐射部4的一端设有第一馈电口15，所述第四馈电分支8远离主辐射部4的一端设有第二馈电口16，如图9和图10所示，为天线单元30在28GHz时的表面电流分布图。图9为通过第一馈电口15进行馈电时表面电流分布图，图10为通过第二馈电口16进行馈电时表面电流分布图。从图9和图10中可以看出，在通过两个馈电口分别馈电时，主辐射部4的表面电流相互正交，电流方向与Y轴夹角为45°左右，在这里定义通过第一馈电口15馈电时得到的极化为+45°极化，通过第二馈电口16馈电时得到的极化为-45°极化，从而实现了天线单元30的双极化。
特别的，通过激励天线系统中所有天线单元30的第一馈电口15，可以得到天线系统在+45°极化方向图，通过激励天线系统中所有天线单元30的第二馈电口16，可以得到天线系统在-45°极化方向图。由于两种极化方向图具有近似的结果，在这里就只列出其中一种，如图11至图13所示，设置引向结构2之后，天线上方（theta=0°）的能量减弱，天线前方（theta=90°）的能量加强，使得整个上半空间辐射能量更加均匀，波束覆盖区域变宽，其中正前方增益从4.6dBi提高到了8.7dBi。
如图14所示，为该天线系统中天线单元的S参数图，图中S11、S22表示天线单元的两个馈电口的回波损耗，其余曲线表面天线单元与相邻天线单元馈电口之间的隔离度。从图14可知，天线单元在26.9GHz~28.4GHz之间回波损耗优于-10dB，满足美国5G毫米波28GHz（27.5GHz~28.35GHz）频段，且整个带宽内天线单元各馈电口与相邻天线单元之间隔离度优于-15dB。
如图15和16所示，为天线系统在28GHz处XOZ平面内沿Theta方向扫描角为0°~50°的±45°极化方向图。理论上两种极化的不同扫描角的方向图是关于金属接地板长边中线镜像对称的，所以图15与图16看到两种极化不同扫描角的方向图，在同一侧会有差异。
综上所述，本发明提供的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统及移动终端，天线系统具有双极化和宽覆盖角度的优点，天下系统采用PCB工艺即可加工，易于批量生产，适用于用作移动终端的5G通信系统。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等同变换，或直接或间接运用在相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

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  1. 一种适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，包括至少六个间隔设置的天线单元，其特征在于，所述天线单元包括辐射主体和引向结构，所述辐射主体包括第一介质层、主辐射部、第一馈电分支、第二馈电分支、第三馈电分支和第四馈电分支，所述主辐射部、第三馈电分支和第四馈电分支均位于所述第一介质层的上表面，所述第一馈电分支和第二馈电分支位于所述第一介质层的下表面，所述第三馈电分支与所述第一馈电分支电气连接，所述第四馈电分支与所述第二馈电分支电气连接；所述引向结构靠近所述主辐射部设置，且所述引向结构的主平面与所述主辐射部所在的平面呈夹角设置，所述引向结构包括第二介质层、第一引向部和第二引向部，所述第一引向部和第二引向部分别位于所述第二介质层相对的两侧，且所述第一引向部与第二引向部电气连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，其特征在于，所述主辐射部的形状为矩形或圆形，所述第一引向部和第二引向部的形状均为矩形或圆形。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，其特征在于，所述第一馈电分支和第二馈电分支相对于所述主辐射部对称设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，其特征在于，所述第一馈电分支和第二馈电分支的形状均为L形或弧形。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，其特征在于，所述夹角为90°。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，其特征在于，所述主辐射部的形状为正方形，且所述主辐射部的其中一条对角线垂直于所述引向结构的主平面，所述第一馈电分支和第二馈电分支的形状均为L形，且所述第一馈电分支和第二馈电分支相对于所述对角线对称设置，所述第一馈电分支包括第一长支和第一短支，所述第一长支与第一短支固定连接，所述第一长支垂直于所述主辐射部的一边设置，所述第二馈电分支包括第二长支和第二短支，所述第二长支与第二短支固定连接，所述第二长支垂直于所述主辐射部的另一边设置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，其特征在于，还包括第一接地部，所述第一接地部位于所述第一介质层的下表面。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，其特征在于，所述辐射主体还包括第三介质层和粘接层，所述第三介质层通过所述粘接层与所述第一介质层的下表面固定连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，其特征在于，还包括第二接地部、第三接地部和第四接地部，所述第二接地部、第三接地部和第四接地部均位于所述第一介质层的上表面，且所述第二接地部、第三接地部和第四接地部分别与所述第一接地部电气连接。
  10. 一种移动终端，包括金属接地板，其特征在于，还包括权利要求1-9任意一项所述的适用于5G通信的双极化毫米波天线系统，所述双极化毫米波天线系统靠近所述金属接地板的一侧边设置。
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CN109004337B (zh) * 2018-06-15 2019-10-25 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 适用于5g通信的双极化毫米波天线系统及移动终端
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CN112151940A (zh) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-29 深圳市超捷通讯有限公司 天线结构及具有所述天线结构的无线通信装置
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