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WO2019233005A1 - 无线通讯装置 - Google Patents

无线通讯装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019233005A1
WO2019233005A1 PCT/CN2018/109414 CN2018109414W WO2019233005A1 WO 2019233005 A1 WO2019233005 A1 WO 2019233005A1 CN 2018109414 W CN2018109414 W CN 2018109414W WO 2019233005 A1 WO2019233005 A1 WO 2019233005A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
array antenna
wireless communication
communication device
dome unit
center
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/109414
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
游雅仲
林志敏
Original Assignee
巽晨国际股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 巽晨国际股份有限公司 filed Critical 巽晨国际股份有限公司
Publication of WO2019233005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019233005A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wireless communication device. At least one dome unit is provided on a casing, and the array antenna below is covered with the dome unit, so as to prevent the casing from affecting the radiation field type or energy of radio waves generated by the array antenna.
  • wireless communication devices With the continuous progress of communication technology, wireless communication devices have gradually filled our daily life. Whether it is a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet computer or a notebook computer, it usually has the function of wireless communication.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication device, which is mainly improved for using a wireless network card of millimeter wave or 5G to reduce the energy loss of radio waves generated by an antenna.
  • the invention provides a wireless communication device, which mainly covers at least one array antenna with a casing, and protects the array antenna with the casing.
  • at least one dome unit is arranged on the casing, and is respectively arranged on each array antenna.
  • the housing and dome unit are not provided in the near field area of the array antenna, which can prevent the housing from affecting the radiation field type or energy of the array antenna.
  • the invention provides a wireless communication device in which an antenna receives or transmits radio waves through an upper dome unit, and a transmission direction of radio waves generated by the antenna is parallel to a normal direction of an inner surface of the dome unit, which can reduce the The proportion of radio waves that are reflected or scattered while penetrating the dome unit.
  • the invention provides a wireless communication device, which includes: a housing including an outer surface and an inner surface, wherein an accommodation space is provided between the inner surfaces of the radiation field type housing; and at least one array antenna is disposed in the radiation field.
  • the distance between the radiation field dome unit and the center or geometric center of the radiation field array antenna is greater than or equal to 0.62 * (D 3 / ⁇ ) 1/2 , where D is radiation The maximum length of a field array antenna, ⁇ is the wavelength of the radiation field radio wave.
  • the radiation field-type dome unit has a spherical center at the center or geometric center of the radiation field-type array antenna, and the radiation field-type dome unit and the radiation field of the radiation field-type array antenna The distance between the center of the pattern or the geometric center of the radiation field pattern is a radius.
  • the boundary between the radiation field dome unit and the radiation field shell forms a circle, and the radiation field circle and the center or geometric center of the radiation field array antenna form a virtual cone,
  • a radiation field pattern of the radiation field array antenna has a scanning angle or a coverage angle, and a vertex angle of the radiation field type virtual cone is greater than or equal to the scanning angle or coverage angle of the radiation field pattern.
  • a circuit board is included in a radiation field-type housing space of the radiation field-type housing, and the radiation field-type array antenna is disposed on the radiation field-type circuit board.
  • the wireless communication device of the present invention includes a microprocessor, at least one amplifier, at least one filter, and a connector, wherein the radiation field type microprocessor, the radiation field type amplifier, and the radiation field type filter are disposed in The radiation field type circuit board is electrically connected through the radiation field type circuit board, and the radiation field type connector is electrically connected to the radiation field type circuit board and used to connect an external electronic device.
  • the number of the radiation field type array antenna and the radiation field type dome unit are two, and the two radiation field type dome units respectively cover the radiation field type two array antennas.
  • the radiation field type radio wave is a millimeter wave.
  • the radiation field type dome unit includes an inner surface and an outer surface, and a wavefront parallel radiation field type circle of the radiation field type radio wave generated by the radiation field type array antenna The inner surface of the top unit.
  • the radiation field dome unit includes an inner surface and an outer surface, and the radiation field type radio waves generated by the radiation field array antenna are parallel to the radiation field type dome. A normal direction of the inner surface of the cell.
  • the radiation field dome unit includes an inner surface and an outer surface, and the distance between the inner surface of the radiation field dome unit and the center or geometric center of the radiation field array antenna Greater than or equal to the near field area of the radiation field array antenna.
  • the wireless communication device of the present invention includes a recessed portion located between the dome unit and the casing, and is arranged around the dome unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a plan view of an embodiment of an array antenna of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a radiation field pattern generated by an array antenna of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a partial structure of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a wireless communication device and an adapter thereof according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a wireless communication device connection adapter according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • the upper surface of the upper surface is the radiation field type.
  • the first dome unit is 251
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • the wireless communication device 10 includes a casing 11, an array antenna 13, and a dome unit 15.
  • the casing 11 has a receiving space 12 therein, and the array antenna 13 is located in the casing 11.
  • the space 12 is used to transmit or receive a radio wave, such as a millimeter wave.
  • the appearance of the casing 11 may be a hexahedron, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the casing 11 may include an outer surface 111 and an inner surface 113, and the inner surface 113 of the casing 11 constitutes the accommodation space 12.
  • the dome unit 15 is located on the casing 11 and protrudes outward from the inner surface 113 of the casing 11 toward the outer surface 111, or protrudes in a direction opposite to the accommodation space 12.
  • the dome unit 15 on the casing 11 is located above the array antenna 13 and covers the array antenna 13. Specifically, the dome unit 15 is located at a vertically extended position of the array antenna 13 and protrudes in a direction in which the array antenna 13 is not provided.
  • the boundary between the dome unit 15 and the casing 11 is circular, as shown by the circle 152 in FIG. 2.
  • the center of the circle 152 may overlap the center or geometric center of the array antenna 13.
  • the dome unit 15 can be regarded as a partial structure of a sphere, and the center of the sphere constituting the dome unit 15 and the center or geometric center of the array antenna 13 overlap.
  • the center or geometric center of the upper surface 131 of the array antenna 13 is the sphere center of the sphere forming the dome unit 15, and the center or geometry of the inner surface 153 of the dome unit 15 and the upper surface 131 of the array antenna 13 is The distance r between the centers is the radius of the sphere forming the dome unit 15.
  • the space around the antenna can be divided into three regions based on different distances: the near field region, the reactive near field region, and the radiation near field region. field region), Fresnel region and Far field region, where the near field region is the region closest to the antenna.
  • the near-field area may be an area with a distance from the array antenna 13 less than 0.62 * (D 3 / ⁇ ) 1/2 , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the radio wave transmitted by the array antenna 13 and D is the wavelength of the array antenna 13 As shown in FIG. 3, if the array antenna 13 is square, D is the diagonal length of the square.
  • the housing 11 or the dome unit 15 in the present invention The distance r from the center or geometric center of the array antenna 13 is greater than or equal to the near field region of the array antenna 13.
  • the distance r between the inner surface 153 of the dome unit 15 and the center or geometric center of the upper surface 131 of the array antenna 13 is greater than or equal to the near field region of the array antenna 13 and / or 0.62 * (D 3 / ⁇ ) 1/2 , To avoid the case 11 or the dome unit 15 being located in the near field region of the array antenna 13 and affecting the radiation field type or energy of the array antenna 13.
  • the dome unit 15 on the housing 11 above the array antenna 13, radio waves transmitted or received by the array antenna 13 can also be avoided, and reflection or scattering is formed on the housing 11 and the dome unit 15.
  • the wave front of the radio wave transmitted or received by the array antenna 13 is parallel to the inner surface 153 of the dome unit 15, that is, the transmission direction of the radio wave transmitted or received by the array antenna 13 is parallel to the inner surface 153 of the dome unit 15.
  • the normal direction of the radio waves can effectively reduce the proportion of radio waves reflected or scattered during the process of penetrating the housing 11 or the dome unit 15.
  • the array antenna 13 can be controlled by a computer or a processing unit 173 to generate radio waves.
  • the computer or the processing unit 173 can electronically control the radio waves to point in different ways without moving the array antenna 13 .
  • the radio waves generated by the array antenna 13 can be scanned back and forth between a scanning angle a to form a radiation field pattern 14 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the boundary between the dome unit 15 and the casing 11 is circular, and a circle 152 is formed, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the circle 152 and the center or geometric center of the array antenna 13 may form a virtual cone 154, and the vertex angle 156 of the virtual cone 154 is greater than or equal to the scanning angle a or the coverage angle of the radiation field pattern 14 of the array antenna 13, as shown in FIG. 5 Show.
  • the diameter of the circle 152 and the center or geometric center of the array antenna 13 may form a virtual triangle, where the angle between the triangle and the geometric center of the array antenna 13 is greater than or equal to the radiation field of the array antenna 13 Scanning angle a or coverage angle of Model 14.
  • a circle 152 may be defined by the boundary between the inner surface 153 of the dome unit 15 and the inner surface 113 of the housing 11, and a circle may be defined by the boundary between the outer surface 151 of the dome unit 15 and the outer surface 111 of the housing 11. 152.
  • the radiation field pattern 14 of the array antenna 13 can be covered by the dome unit 15.
  • the array antenna 13 mainly transmits or receives radio waves through the dome unit 15 to prevent the array antenna 13 from passing through the housing 11. Radio waves are transmitted or received, which causes the radio waves to be reflected or scattered by the casing 11, thereby consuming the power of the radio waves.
  • a circuit board 17 may be disposed in the accommodating space 12 of the casing 11, and an array antenna 13, a microprocessor 173, an amplifier 175, and / or a filter and other radio frequency circuits are disposed on the circuit board 17.
  • the components commonly used in the present invention can be electrically connected to the components described above through lines on the circuit board 17.
  • the circuit board 17 is also electrically connected to a connector 171, such as a USB connector, provided outside the casing 11.
  • the wireless communication device 10 can be connected to an external electronic device such as a computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, etc. via the connector 171. , And provide wireless communication for connected electronic devices.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • the wireless communication device 20 includes a casing 11, a plurality of array antennas 23, and a plurality of dome units 25.
  • the casing 11 has a receiving space 12 therein, and the array antenna 23 is located in the casing 11.
  • the number of the array antennas 23 and the dome units 25 are the same, and each of the dome units 25 is disposed above each of the array antennas 23 and covers each of the array antennas 23 respectively, which can prevent each array antenna 23 from transmitting or The received radio waves are reflected or scattered on the housing 11 and the dome unit 15, resulting in a loss of radio wave energy.
  • the number of the array antenna 23 and the dome unit 25 is two, and the two dome units 25 respectively cover the two array antennas 23.
  • the first array antenna 231 is disposed on the upper surface of the circuit board 17, and the first dome unit 251 is disposed above the first array antenna 231.
  • the first dome unit 251 is connected to the housing 11 and covers the first array antenna 231. , So that the first array antenna 231 mainly receives or transmits radio waves via the first dome unit 251.
  • the center of the sphere forming the first dome unit 251 is the center or geometric center of the first array antenna 231, and the distance r1 between the first dome unit 251 and the center or geometric center of the first array antenna 231 is greater than the first The near-field area of an array antenna 231.
  • the second array antenna 233 is disposed on the lower surface of the circuit board 17, and the second dome unit 253 is disposed below the second array antenna 233.
  • the second dome unit 253 is connected to the housing 11 and covers the second array antenna. 233, so that the second array antenna 233 mainly receives or transmits radio waves via the second dome unit 253.
  • the center of the sphere forming the second dome unit 253 is the center or geometric center of the second array antenna 233, and the distance r2 between the second dome unit 253 and the center or geometric center of the second array antenna 233 is greater than the first The near-field area of the two-array antenna 233.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • the wireless communication device 10/20 includes a housing 11, at least one dome unit 15/25, and a connector 171.
  • An array antenna 13/23 is arranged in the dome unit 15/25, as shown in FIG. 1 Or as shown in Figure 6.
  • a recessed portion 26 may be provided between the dome unit 15/25 and the casing 11, wherein the recessed portion 26 is a ring structure and is arranged around the dome unit 15/25. In addition, the recessed portion 26 is recessed toward the housing space 12 with respect to the housing 11 and the dome unit 15/25.
  • the connector 171 of the embodiment of the present invention may be a USB connector, and the wireless communication device 10/20 may be connected to the connection base 181 of the electronic device 18 such as a computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, etc. via the connector 171, and is a connected electronic
  • the device 18 provides a wireless communication function, such as a wireless communication function such as 3G, 4G, 5G, or wifi.
  • the appearance of the housing 11 of the wireless communication device 10/20 of the embodiment of the present invention is similar to an oblong column.
  • the oblong column is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not a limitation of the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the housing 11 of the communication device 10/20 can also have other different shapes.
  • the wireless communication device 10/20 can also be connected to an adapter 19, and connected to the electronic device 18 through the adapter 19.
  • the adapter 19 may include a connection base 191 and a connection head 193.
  • the connector 171 of the wireless communication device 10/20 may be inserted into the connection base 191 and connected through the connection head 193 of the adapter 19.
  • the electronic device 18, for example, the connection base 191 may be a USB connection base, and the connection head 193 is a USB connection head.
  • connection base 191 of the adapter 19 is approximately perpendicular to the connection head 193.
  • the connection base 191 may be disposed on the upper surface of the adapter 19, and the connection head 193 is disposed on the side of the adapter 19 Surface, as shown in Figure 8.
  • the wireless communication device 10/20 can be directly connected to the connection base 181 of the electronic device 18, so that the housing 11 of the wireless communication device 10/20 is approximately parallel to the connection base 181 of the electronic device 18.
  • the extension line is shown in Figure 7.
  • the housing 11 of the wireless communication device 10/20 may not be parallel to the connection base 181 of the electronic device 18, such as the housing of the wireless communication device 10/20.
  • the body 11 is perpendicular to the extension line of the connection base 181 of the electronic device 18, as shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9.
  • the array antenna 13/23 in the wireless communication device 10/20 can be added The distance to the user to reduce the possible harm to the user caused by the radio waves generated by the wireless communication device 10/20, and to comply with the relevant regulations.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a wireless communication device according to the present invention.
  • the wireless communication device 10/20 can also be a wireless sharing device.
  • the wireless communication device 10/20 includes a casing 11 and at least one dome unit 15/25, and the dome unit 15/25 is provided therein.
  • An array antenna 13/23 is shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 6.
  • the wireless communication device 10/20 can connect to a network line, and wirelessly transmit to other electronic devices within a certain range through the array antenna 13/23, such as performing a wifi connection.
  • the wireless communication device 10/20 is particularly suitable for transmitting or receiving millimeter waves or 5G radio waves.
  • the frequency used by wifi, 3G or 4G is much lower than the frequency of 5G, so the wavelength of wifi, 3G or 4G will naturally be much larger than the wavelength of 5G, among which 5G usually uses millimeter wave radio waves for transmission.
  • the near-field area can be defined as the area where the distance from the antenna is less than 0.62 * (D 3 / ⁇ ) 1/2 , so when the wavelength of the radio wave transmitted by the array antenna 17 is large, the array antenna The near field of 17 will naturally be smaller.
  • the range of the near field region of the array antenna 17 is about 0.062 cm. Therefore, the casing 11 disposed outside the array antenna 17 basically does not fall within the near field region of the array antenna 17 and does not affect the radiation field type or energy of the array antenna 17 too much.
  • the near field area of the array antenna 17 will increase.
  • the range of the near field area of the array antenna 17 is 0.5 cm, set it at The housing 11 outside the array antenna 17 may fall in the near field region of the array antenna 17 and affect the radiation field type or energy of the array antenna 17.
  • the present invention provides a dome unit 15 on the casing 11 and covers the array antenna 13 with the dome unit 15.
  • the arrangement of the dome unit 15 can not only increase the distance between the array antenna 13 and the housing 11, but also adjust the size of the dome unit 15 according to the wavelength of the array antenna 13, such as radius, arc, or the dome unit 15 and the housing.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无线通讯装置，特别是指一种用以传送及接收毫米波的无线通讯装置。无线通讯装置包括一阵列天线及一壳体，其中阵列天线位于壳体内部。壳体包括一圆顶单元，朝壳体的外表面的方向凸出。此外圆顶单元设置在阵列天线上方，并用以包覆阵列天线。圆顶单元与阵列天线的中心的距离大于或等于0.62*(D 3/λ) 1/2，其中D是阵列天线的最大长度，λ则是阵列天线传输的无线电波的波长。此外圆顶单元与壳体之间会形成一个圆，圆与阵列天线的中心形成一个虚拟的圆锥，其圆锥的顶角大于或等于阵列天线的涵盖角度。

Description

无线通讯装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种无线通讯装置，在一壳体上设置至少一圆顶单元，并以圆顶单元覆盖下方的阵列天线，以避免壳体影响阵列天线产生的无线电波的辐射场型或能量。
背景技术
随着通讯技术的不断进步，无线通讯装置已逐渐充斥在我们日常生活当中。无论是手机、智慧型手机、平板电脑(tablet)或者是笔记型电脑(Notebook)，通常都具有无线通讯的功能。
随着通讯技术由3G、4G演进到5G，无线通讯的速度亦获得大幅度的提升。然而对未配置相关硬体的装置来说，往往无法使用最新或最快的通信协定传输资料。以一般的笔记型电脑为例，往往只有wifi的连线功能，并通过wifi连接邻近的路由器。若使用者想要使得笔记型电脑具有行动网路的功能，则要将笔记型电脑连接无线网卡，并通过无线网卡使用3G、4G或5G的方式进行无线通讯。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无线通讯装置，主要针对使用毫米波或5G的无线网卡进行改善，以降低天线产生的无线电波的能量损耗。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案：
本发明提出一种无线通讯装置，主要以一壳体包覆至少一阵列天线，并以壳体保护阵列天线。此外在壳体上设置至少一圆顶单元，分别设置在各个阵列天线上。阵列天线的近场区内未设置壳体及圆顶单元，可避免壳体影响阵列天线的辐射场型或能量。
本发明提出一种无线通讯装置，其中天线经由上方的圆顶单元接收或发射无线电波，此外天线产生的无线电波的传输方向平行圆顶单元的内表面的法线方向，可降低阵列天线产生的无线电波在穿透圆顶单元的过程中发生反射或散射的比例。
本发明提出一种无线通讯装置，包括：一壳体，包括一外表面及一内表面，其中辐射场型壳体的内表面之间具有一容置空间；至少一阵列天线，设置于辐射场型壳体的辐射场型容置空间内，并用以发射或接收一无线电波；及至少一圆顶单元，位于辐射场型壳体上，由辐射场型壳体的内表面朝外表面的方向凸出，并覆盖辐射场型阵列天线，其中辐射场型圆顶单元与辐射场型阵列天线的 一中心或一几何中心的距离大于或等于辐射场型阵列天线的一近场区。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，其中辐射场型圆顶单元与辐射场型阵列天线的中心或几何中心的距离大于或等于0.62*(D 3/λ) 1/2，其中D是辐射场型阵列天线的最大长度，λ则是辐射场型无线电波的波长。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，其中辐射场型圆顶单元以辐射场型阵列天线的中心或几何中心为一球心，而辐射场型圆顶单元与辐射场型阵列天线的辐射场型中心或辐射场型几何中心之间的距离为一半径。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，其中辐射场型圆顶单元与辐射场型壳体的交界形成一圆，辐射场型圆与辐射场型阵列天线的中心或几何中心形成一虚拟圆锥，其中辐射场型阵列天线的一辐射场型具有一扫瞄角度或一涵盖角度，而辐射场型虚拟圆锥的一顶角大于或等于辐射场型的扫瞄角度或涵盖角度。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，包括一电路板位于辐射场型壳体的辐射场型容置空间内，而辐射场型阵列天线则设置于辐射场型电路板上。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，包括一微处理器、至少一放大器、至少一滤波器及一连接器，其中辐射场型微处理器、辐射场型放大器及辐射场型滤波器设置于辐射场型电路板上，并通过辐射场型电路板电性相连接，而辐射场型连接器则电性连接辐射场型电路板，并用以连接外部的一电子装置。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，其中辐射场型阵列天线及辐射场型圆顶单元的数量皆为两个，且辐射场型两个圆顶单元分别覆盖辐射场型两个阵列天线。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，其中辐射场型无线电波为一毫米波。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，其中辐射场型圆顶单元包括一内表面及一外表面，而辐射场型阵列天线所产生的辐射场型无线电波的一波前平行辐射场型圆顶单元的内表面。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，其中辐射场型圆顶单元包括一内表面及一外表面，而辐射场型阵列天线所产生的辐射场型无线电波的传输方向平行辐射场型圆顶单元的内表面的一法线方向。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，其中辐射场型圆顶单元包括一内表面及一外表面，而辐射场型圆顶单元的内表面与辐射场型阵列天线的中心或几何中心的距离大于或等于辐射场型阵列天线的近场区。
在本发明无线通讯装置一实施例中，包括一凹部位于圆顶单元与壳体之 间，并环设在圆顶单元的周围。
附图说明
图1是本发明无线通讯装置一实施例的剖面示意图。
图2是本发明无线通讯装置一实施例的俯视图。
图3是本发明无线通讯装置的阵列天线一实施例的俯视图。
图4是本发明无线通讯装置的阵列天线产生的辐射场型一实施例的示意图。
图5是本发明无线通讯装置的部分构造一实施例的剖面示意图。
图6是本发明无线通讯装置又一实施例的剖面示意图。
图7是本发明无线通讯装置又一实施例的立体示意图。
图8是本发明无线通讯装置及其转接器一实施例的立体示意图。
图9是本发明无线通讯装置连接转接器一实施例的立体示意图。
图10是本发明无线通讯装置又一实施例的立体示意图。
主要组件符号说明：
10     无线通讯装置           11     壳体
111    外表面                 113    内表面
12     容置空间               13     阵列天线
131    上表面                 14     辐射场型
15     圆顶单元               151    外表面
152    圆                     153    内表面
154    虚拟圆锥               156    顶角
17     电路板                 171    连接器
173    处理单元               175    放大器
18     电子装置               181    连接座
19     转接器                 191    连接座
193    连接头
20     无线通讯装置            23    阵列天线
231    第一阵列天线            233    第二阵列天线
25     圆顶单元                251    第一圆顶单元
253    第二圆顶单元            26    凹部
a      扫瞄角度
r      距离
r1     距离
r2     距离
具体实施方式
请参阅图1，其为本发明无线通讯装置一实施例的构造示意图。如图所示，无线通讯装置10包括一壳体11、一阵列天线13及一圆顶单元15，其中壳体11内具有一容置空间12，而阵列天线13则位于壳体11的容置空间12内，并用以发射或接收一无线电波，例如毫米波。
具体来说，壳体11的外观可以是六面体，例如长方体等，其中壳体11可包括一外表面111及一内表面113，其中壳体11的内表面113构成容置空间12。圆顶单元15位于壳体11上，并由壳体11的内表面113朝外表面111的方向向外凸出，或者是朝与容置空间12相反的方向凸出。
壳体11上的圆顶单元15位于阵列天线13上方，并覆盖阵列天线13。具体来说，圆顶单元15位于阵列天线13的垂直延伸位置，并朝未设置阵列天线13的方向凸出。
在本发明一实施例中，圆顶单元15与壳体11的交界处为圆形，如图2所示的圆152。例如由无线通讯装置10正上方来看，圆152的圆心可与阵列天线13的中心或几何中心重迭。
在本发明另一实施例中，圆顶单元15可视为一球体的部分构造，其中构成圆顶单元15的球体的球心与阵列天线13的中心或几何中心重迭。具体来说，阵列天线13的上表面131的中心或几何中心，为形成圆顶单元15的球体的球心，而圆顶单元15的内表面153与阵列天线13的上表面131的中心或几何中心之间的距离r，则为形成圆顶单元15的球体的半径。
一般而言，天线周围的空间依据距离的不同，可以被区分成三个区域，分别是近场区(Near field region)或电抗近场区(Reactive near field region)、辐射近场区(Radiating near field region)或菲涅尔区(Fresnel region)及远场区(Far field region)，其中近场区是最靠近天线的区域。例如近场区可以是与阵列天线13之间的距离小于0.62*(D 3/λ) 1/2的区域，其中λ是阵列天线13传输的无线电波的波长，而D则是阵列天线13的最大长度，如图3所示，若阵列天线13为方形，则D为方形的对角线长度。
当阵列天线13的近场区内存在不同介电常数的物质或构造时，都有可能会对阵列天线13的辐射场型或能量造成影响，为此本发明中壳体11或圆顶单 元15与阵列天线13的中心或几何中心的距离r大于或等于阵列天线13的近场区。例如圆顶单元15的内表面153与阵列天线13的上表面131的中心或几何中心的距离r大于或等于阵列天线13的近场区和/或0.62*(D 3/λ) 1/2，以避免壳体11或圆顶单元15位于阵列天线13的近场区内，并对阵列天线13的辐射场型或能量造成影响。
此外通过在阵列天线13上方的壳体11上设置圆顶单元15，亦可避免阵列天线13发射或接收的无线电波，在壳体11及圆顶单元15上形成反射或散射。具体来说，阵列天线13发射或接收的无线电波的波前会平行圆顶单元15的内表面153，亦即阵列天线13发射或接收的无线电波的传输方向平行圆顶单元15的内表面153的法线方向，因此可有效降低无线电波在穿透壳体11或圆顶单元15的过程中发生反射或散射的比例。
一般而言，阵列天线13可经由一电脑或一处理单元173的控制，而产生无线电波，其中电脑或处理单元173可通过电子的方式控制无线电波指向不同的方式，而不需要移动阵列天线13。具体来说，阵列天线13产生的无线电波可以在一扫瞄角度a之间来回扫瞄，形成如图4所示的辐射场型14。
在本发明一实施例中，圆顶单元15与壳体11的交界处为圆形，并形成一圆152，如图2所示。圆152与阵列天线13的中心或几何中心可形成一虚拟圆锥154，而虚拟圆锥154的顶角156大于或等于阵列天线13的辐射场型14的扫瞄角度a或涵盖角度，如图5所示。在另一实施例中，圆152的直径与阵列天线13的中心或几何中心可形成一虚拟的三角形，其中该三角形在阵列天线13的几何中心上的夹角大于或等于阵列天线13的辐射场型14的扫瞄角度a或涵盖角度。例如可由圆顶单元15的内表面153与壳体11的内表面113的交界处定义出圆152，亦可由圆顶单元15的外表面151与壳体11的外表面111的交界处定义出圆152。
通过上述的设计，可使得阵列天线13的辐射场型14皆被圆顶单元15所覆盖，换言之，阵列天线13主要经由圆顶单元15发射或接收无线电波，以避免阵列天线13经由壳体11发射或接收无线电波，而造成无线电波被壳体11所反射或散射，进而损耗无线电波的功率。
在本发明一实施例中，壳体11的容置空间12内可设置一电路板17，并在电路板17上设置阵列天线13、微处理器173、放大器175和/或滤波器等射频电路中常用的元件，并可通过电路板17上的线路电性连接上述的元件。
电路板17还电性连接设置于壳体11外部的连接器171，例如USB连接器， 其中无线通讯装置10可经由连接器171连接外部的一电子装置，例如电脑、笔记型电脑、平板电脑等，并为连接的电子装置提供无线通讯的功能。
请参阅图6，其为本发明无线通讯装置又一实施例的构造示意图。如图所示，无线通讯装置20包括一壳体11、复数个阵列天线23及复数个圆顶单元25，其中壳体11内具有一容置空间12，而阵列天线23则位于壳体11的容置空间12内。
在本发明实施例中，阵列天线23及圆顶单元25的数量相同，其中各个圆顶单元25分别设置在各个阵列天线23上方，并分别覆盖各个阵列天线23，可避免各个阵列天线23发射或接收的无线电波，在壳体11及圆顶单元15上产生反射或散射，而导致无线电波的能量损失。
在本发明一实施例中，阵列天线23及圆顶单元25的数量皆为两个，且两个圆顶单元25分别覆盖两个阵列天线23。第一阵列天线231设置在电路板17的上表面，而第一圆顶单元251则设置在第一阵列天线231上方，其中第一圆顶单元251连接壳体11，并覆盖第一阵列天线231，使得第一阵列天线231主要经由第一圆顶单元251接收或发射无线电波。形成第一圆顶单元251的球体的球心为第一阵列天线231的中心或几何中心，而第一圆顶单元251与第一阵列天线231的中心或几何中心之间的距离r1则大于第一阵列天线231的近场区。
此外第二阵列天线233设置在电路板17的下表面，而第二圆顶单元253则设置在第二阵列天线233下方，其中第二圆顶单元253连接壳体11，并覆盖第二阵列天线233，使得第二阵列天线233主要经由第二圆顶单元253接收或发射无线电波。形成第二圆顶单元253的球体的球心为第二阵列天线233的中心或几何中心，而第二圆顶单元253与第二阵列天线233的中心或几何中心之间的距离r2则大于第二阵列天线233的近场区。
请参阅图7，其为本发明无线通讯装置一实施例的立体示意图。如图所示，无线通讯装置10/20包括一壳体11、至少一圆顶单元15/25及一连接器171，其中圆顶单元15/25内设置一阵列天线13/23，如图1或图6所示。
在本发明一实施例中，圆顶单元15/25与壳体11之间亦可设置一凹部26，其中凹部26为环状结构，并环设在圆顶单元15/25周围。此外凹部26相对于壳体11及圆顶单元15/25而言，朝容置空间12的方向凹陷。
本发明实施例的连接器171可为USB连接器，无线通讯装置10/20可经由连接器171连接电子装置18的连接座181，例如电脑、笔记型电脑、平板电脑 等，并为连接的电子装置18提供无线通讯的功能，例如3G、4G、5G或wifi等无线通讯功能。
此外本发明实施例的无线通讯装置10/20的壳体11外观近似一长椭圆的柱状体，当然长椭圆的柱状体仅为本发明一实施例，而非本发明保护范围的限制，因此无线通讯装置10/20的壳体11亦可以是其他不同的形状。
在本发明一实施例中，无线通讯装置10/20亦可连接一转接器19，并通过转接器19连接电子装置18。如图8所示，转接器19可包括一连接座191及一连接头193，其中无线通讯装置10/20的连接器171可插入连接座191，并经由转接器19的连接头193连接电子装置18，例如连接座191可为一USB连接座，而连接头193则是USB连接头。
在本发明实施例中，转接器19的连接座191约略与连接头193垂直，例如连接座191可设置在转接器19的上表面，而连接头193则设置在转接器19的侧表面，如图8所示。当无线通讯装置10/20通过转接器19连接电子装置18时，将可改变无线通讯装置10/20与连接的电子装置18之间的角度，如图9所示。
具体来说，在不使用转接器19时，无线通讯装置10/20可直接连接电子装置18的连接座181，使得无线通讯装置10/20的壳体11约略平行电子装置18的连接座181的延伸线，如图7所示。当无线通讯装置10/20通过转接器19连接电子装置18时，则可使得无线通讯装置10/20的壳体11不平行电子装置18的连接座181，例如无线通讯装置10/20的壳体11垂直电子装置18的连接座181的延伸线，如图8或图9所示。
以电子装置18为笔记型电脑为例，当无线通讯装置10/20通过转接器19连接电子装置(笔记型电脑)18时，将可增加无线通讯装置10/20内的阵列天线13/23与使用者之间的距离，以降低无线通讯装置10/20产生的无线电波对使用者可能造成的伤害，并可符合相关法规的规定。
请参阅图10，其为本发明无线通讯装置又一实施例的立体示意图。如图所示，无线通讯装置10/20亦可为一无线分享器，其中无线通讯装置10/20包括一壳体11及至少一圆顶单元15/25，其中圆顶单元15/25内设置一阵列天线13/23，如图1或图6所示。
在本发明一实施例中，无线通讯装置10/20可连接网路线，并通过阵列天线13/23与一定范围内的其他电子装置进行无线传输，例如进行wifi连线。
具体来说，本发明所述的无线通讯装置10/20特别适用于传输或接收毫米 波或5G的无线电波。一般而言wifi、3G或4G使用的频率远低于5G的频率，因此wifi、3G或4G的波长自然会远大于5G的波长，其中5G通常会使用毫米波的无线电波传输。
如上述的内容，近场区可被定义为与天线之间的距离小于0.62*(D 3/λ) 1/2的区域，因此当阵列天线17传输的无线电波的波长较大时，阵列天线17的近场区自然会比较小。例如当阵列天线17传输300MHz的无线电波，且阵列天线17的最大长度D为1公分时，阵列天线17的近场区的范围约为0.062公分。因此设置在阵列天线17外的壳体11基本上并不会落在阵列天线17的近场区内，亦不会对阵列天线17的辐射场型或能量造成太大的影响。
反之，当阵列天线17传输的无线电波的频率较高时，例如毫米波，则阵列天线17的近场区将会增加，例如当阵列天线17的近场区的范围为0.5公分时，设置在阵列天线17外的壳体11便可能会落在阵列天线17的近场区内，并影响阵列天线17的辐射场型或能量。
本发明为了避免壳体11影响或干扰阵列天线17传输的毫米波讯号，因而在壳体11上设置圆顶单元15，并以圆顶单元15包覆阵列天线13。通过圆顶单元15的设置不仅可增加阵列天线13与壳体11之间的距离，更可以依据阵列天线13的波长调整圆顶单元15的大小，例如半径、弧或圆顶单元15与壳体11的交界处所形成的圆152的面积。
以上所述是本发明较佳实施例及其所运用的技术原理，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，任何基于本发明技术方案基础上的等效变换、简单替换等显而易见的改变，均属于本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种无线通讯装置，其特征在于，它包括：
    一壳体，包括一外表面及一内表面，其中所述壳体的内表面之间具有一容置空间；
    至少一阵列天线，设置于所述壳体的所述容置空间内，并用以发射或接收一无线电波；及
    至少一圆顶单元，位于所述壳体上，由所述壳体的内表面朝外表面的方向凸出，并覆盖所述阵列天线，其中所述圆顶单元与所述阵列天线的一中心或一几何中心的距离大于或等于所述阵列天线的一近场区。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：所述圆顶单元与所述阵列天线的中心或几何中心的距离大于或等于0.62*(D 3/λ) 1/2，其中D是所述阵列天线的最大长度，λ则是所述无线电波的波长。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：所述圆顶单元以所述阵列天线的中心或几何中心为一球心，而所述圆顶单元与所述阵列天线的所述中心或所述几何中心之间的距离为一半径。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：所述圆顶单元与所述壳体的交界形成一圆，所述圆与所述阵列天线的中心或几何中心形成一虚拟圆锥，其中所述阵列天线的一辐射场型具有一扫瞄角度或一涵盖角度，而所述虚拟圆锥的一顶角大于或等于所述辐射场型的扫瞄角度或涵盖角度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：包括一电路板，位于所述壳体的所述容置空间内，而所述阵列天线则设置于所述电路板上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：包括一微处理器、至少一放大器、至少一滤波器及一连接器，其中所述微处理器、所述放大器及所述滤波器设置于所述电路板上，并通过所述电路板电性相连接，而所述连接器则电性连接所述电路板，并用以连接外部的一电子装置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：所述阵列天线及所述圆顶单元的数量皆为两个，且所述两个圆顶单元分别覆盖所述两个阵列天线。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：所述无线电波为一毫米波。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：所述圆顶单元包 括一内表面及一外表面，而所述阵列天线所产生的所述无线电波的一波前平行所述圆顶单元的内表面。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：所述圆顶单元包括一内表面及一外表面，而所述阵列天线所产生的所述无线电波的传输方向平行所述圆顶单元的内表面的一法线方向。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：所述圆顶单元包括一内表面及一外表面，而所述圆顶单元的内表面与所述阵列天线的中心或几何中心的距离大于或等于所述阵列天线的近场区。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的无线通讯装置，其特征在于：包括一凹部，位于所述圆顶单元与所述壳体之间，并环设在所述圆顶单元的周围。
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