WO2019117751A1

WO2019117751A1 - Wind energy aerostat

Info

Publication number: WO2019117751A1
Application number: PCT/RU2018/000735
Authority: WO
Inventors: Александр Владимирович ГУБАНОВ; Олег Александрович ГУБАНОВ; Ларс-Эрик БЕНГТССОН; Елеман БАКИРОВ
Original assignee: Александр Владимирович ГУБАНОВ
Priority date: 2017-12-11
Filing date: 2018-11-12
Publication date: 2019-06-20
Also published as: RU2662101C1

Abstract

A wind energy aerostat comprises a radial bladed turbine, the axis of rotation of which coincides with the wind direction, and which is part of a wind power unit comprising a multiplier and a generator in a gondola housing; and a frame having a horizontal crossbar. The wind power unit is suspended using an assembly that includes a bushing, which is freely seated at the middle of the horizontal crossbar, and a vertical post situated below, which terminates in a connection to the gondola. The strength of the horizontal crossbar is increased by an arched truss, and the rigidity of the frame is increased by joining the frame sides to a single bracing crossbar. The aerostat can be equipped with an electric aircraft motor that operates using variable thrust directed against the wind and that is capable of being mounted on a shelf on the leeward side of the aerostat. The invention is directed toward increasing the rigidity and strength of the suspension assembly and minimizing the operating area for accommodating the aerostat.

Description

WIND ENERGY AEROSTAT

It is used to generate wind energy into electricity of industrial capacity, achieved at the height of the high-speed layers of the atmosphere.

The present energy device relates to wind turbines, whose radial-blade turbine has an axis of rotation that coincides with the direction of the wind.

After advances in technology and materials made it possible to refuel aeronautic vehicles with a frequency of no more than a year and even less frequently, new means of lifting wind power units to high altitude speeds from 20 m / s winds became tethered balloons (patent RU 2602650 Cl , 01/26/2016; WO 2017131551, 08.08.2017). The mobility of these systems, the ease, simplicity of lifting wind equipment and its descent from a working height of 300-600 meters to ground-level berth nodes with the help of aerostatic shells gas-filled with helium or hydrogen, carrying wind power blocks, significantly reduce the exorbitant construction costs, relieve heavy operational problems, characteristic of wind turbines on high-rise tower supports. However, the balloons, when used to obtain industrial power from the wind, are loaded with a considerable weight of generating units, which increases the strength requirements for all the elements and components that make up the aeronautical modules.

At the same time, the developers of aeronautical and aircraft wind generation systems are faced with the problem of allocating large areas for the safe operation of installations. The aeronautical MARS aerostat balloon modules of the American company Mogenn Power and the BAT aerostat turbine of the Canadian company Altaeros Energies have a large sail area, which, when raised to the height of high-speed winds, displaces the modules under air pressure to a distance of 600–1000 meters from the berth nodes, which means The corresponding size of the industrial zone of increased danger is one hundred and more hectares under the aeronautical spaces of the mentioned wind power complexes. The creators of the Maki Power Wing 7 (flying wing) generator acknowledged that their apparatus would be forced to be placed not on land, but rather above sea surfaces, where the territorial factor does not matter. The same conclusion should be drawn with respect to the energy "kites" from Joby Energy.

The most common types of tethered aerostats are spherical shells filled with light gas and their cigar-shaped forms (respectively, patents RU 2046734 Cl, 13.06.1991 and US 20090152391 A1, March 4, 2006), to which baskets are hung from flexible straps (patent RU 2026238 Cl, 11/21/1991), most often under the placement of video surveillance systems, meteorological instruments, repeaters, etc. equipment. Suspension of a wind power unit with a radial-blade turbine, the axis of rotation of which should coincide with the direction of the wind, to the balloon in the form of a gas-filled balloon using flexible lines in the device (CN 104895744 A, 09.09.2015). The use of flexible lines in this case causes the wind power block to swing under gusts, the condition of optimal the coincidence of the axis of rotation of the turbine and the wind direction is not executed, the efficiency of wind generation is lost. When the direction of the wind changes, the tethered cable will twist and break. Similarly, with the same negative result, on flexible pushed-off lines, two radial-blade turbines are suspended from the airship (patent US 4470563 A, 11.09.1984). In case of turbine rotation, their reactive moments will be extinguished, the moorage of the airship has orientation to the wind, but with this all the advantages of such a device are exhausted.

Spatial instability due to the use of flexible lines for suspension of a beam with a wind power unit, raised in the air by two balloons, has a high-altitude generator (KR 20120013682 A, 15.02.2012). This device uses a number of means to ensure the coincidence of the axis of rotation of a radial-blade turbine with the wind directivity, including air rudders on the windward end of the beam, stabilizing feathering on its leeward end, moving the load in the cavity of the beam and other technical solutions that, however, work exclusively if the direction of the wind slightly changes ± 15-20 ° to its angle to the ground, but does not give the desired result if the wind flow is converted into side wind.

The negative consequences of the use of suspensions on flexible lines are eliminated in the aerostatic wind turbine (patent RU 2657589 C l, 12/05/2017), in which the wind power unit of the wind rotor type is located below the aerostat on the horizontal crossbar of the H-shaped frame, while the balloon cover drawn by it is meridian the ribbons, the ring fixing base, the said frame are made in one piece, and the tether cable is stretched down to the berth from the lower ends of the sidewalls of the same frame. But high-speed orthogonal-bladed rotors, with their inherent low efficiency, also have a large sail area, which requires an increase in the balloon's lifting force so that the aeronautical module under air pressure is not moved below the level of high-speed winds and is nailed closer to the ground.

Low-speed radial-blade turbines are distinguished by high efficiency and lesser windage, but more difficult to combine with aerostatic shells, require installation on horizontal beams having a large span between the supports, and as a result, they are bent under the weight of massive wind power units, if they are designed for industrial power generation. In the aerostat wind turbine (patent RU 2602650 Cl, 01/26/2016) a turbine with a diameter of 12-25 meters or more to generate industrial capacities from 150 kW, massive wind power units rely on an arched truss capable of withstanding multi-ton loads. Close technical solution for the same purpose used in high-altitude wind power installation (patent RU 2576103 Cl, 02.27.2016).

The essence of the technical solution is that the wind power unit with a downwind radial-blade turbine, multiplier and generator in the nacelle body is raised in the aeronautic module to the height of high-speed winds, suspended under the balloon and has the ability to freely swing, while always maintaining its own weight optimal spatial orientation of the axis of rotation of the turbine, coinciding with the direction of the wind. The effect of spatial stability is enhanced by the weight of the cable, the deviations can be corrected by means of software controlled own mechanical drive cable bay related to the turntable of the ground mooring unit. To achieve the installation of the high-wind generation of industrial facilities, a massive wind power unit was used, the suspension unit of which is given greater rigidity and strength to the balloon. If there is a need to narrow the aeronautical space and reduce the area under it as an extensive high-risk industrial zone, the device’s altitude module is complemented by at least one variable thrust aircraft engine directed upwind and not allowing the module under air pressure to move far away from the mooring unit . Such a particular result can be improved by using aerodynamic wings located under the bottom of the balloon shell.

The aim of the invention is to increase the rigidity and strength of the suspension unit to the aerostat of a wind power unit from a downwind radial-blade turbine, whose axis of rotation coincides with the direction of the wind, multiplier and generator, which is the most massive element of the aeronautical module raised to the level of high-speed atmospheric to achieve wind generation of industrial power flows, in a particular case, a decrease in the area under the aeronautics of a wind-powered balloon, which I for manufacturing high-risk zone.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a massive industrial power wind power unit with a leeted radial-blade turbine, multiplier and generator in the nacelle body swings under the balloon so that it maintains a constant effective orientation of the axis of rotation of the turbine to the wind, being suspended on a horizontal crossbar of the frame hanging in a rigid connection through the mounting base with the balloon shell and the plane perpendicular to the wind. The suspension assembly includes a hub loosely fitted in the center of the crossbar, below a vertical strut, ending in connection with the gondola. The required strength of the crossbar is given by the arched truss, and the rigidity of the frame is reinforced by another crossbar placed below the area swept by the turbine blades. The device can be supplemented by at least one electric aircraft engine of variable thrust directed against the wind, placed on the shelf connecting the brackets to the wind vane extended from the mounting base to the leeward side of the balloon. On the latter condition of the presence of an electric aircraft engine with the specified direction of variable thrust, hollow wings of an aerodynamic profile can be applied, extended from the mounting base in both directions symmetrically and across the wind flow.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of a wind power balloon (hereinafter aeroenergostat); in fig. 2 - view of the aeronautical module of the same device from the leeward side; in fig. 3 is a bottom view of the aeronautical module of the aeroenergostat (the wind power unit is conditionally not shown).

The aeroenergostat consists of an aeronautic module and a ground mooring unit connected by tethered cables 1 and a cable-cable 2. The module consists of a semi-rigid balloon having an internal frame and a soft balloon shell 3, which, together with a mounting base 4, is pressed to the bottom of the balloon by meridian tapes 5 outgoing from the base of the lee brackets with wind vanes 6 and frame 7, whose plane is perpendicular to the wind, are made in one piece. On a horizontal crossbar 8, a reinforced arched truss 9 of said frame is suspended from a wind power unit from a lee radially-vane turbine 10, the axis of rotation of which coincides with the direction of the wind, multiplier and generator in the case of the nacelle 11. The assembly to bring the unit includes a sleeve 12, freely dressed in the center of the crossbar, below is located a vertical rack 13, ending with the connection with the gondola. Outside the area swept by the turbine blades, the sidewalls of the frame are connected by another crossbar 14. The tether cable extends from the extremities of the frame side panels to two coaxial winches 15, and the cable-cable hangs from the nacelle to the cable bay 16. The winches are on the leeward side of the turntable 17 ground mooring unit, there is a cable bay and its own mechanical drive. The supporting element of the ground mooring unit is a concrete bollard 18.

In the particular case of the brackets with weathervanes are connected shelf 19, which houses at least one electric aircraft engine 20 variable thrust, directed upwind. To improve the result, in a particular case, in both directions, hollow wings 21 of the airfoil can be installed symmetrically from the mounting base and across the wind flow.

The work of this aeroenergostat is as follows. The soft shell of a semi-rigid aerostat is filled with a light gas in volume until it reaches the lifting force necessary for lifting it off the ground, lifting the aeronautic module to the top and pulling its cable and cable-cable connections to the ground mooring unit. The tethered cable and cable-cable are simultaneously released from the winch drums and cable bay until the module reaches the level of strong winds having a speed of 20-30 m / s. In the process of lifting the module and when it reaches a predetermined height (in most of the continental territories from 300 to 600 meters), it is deployed by an air flow along a circular path around the ground mooring unit and fixed so that the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the module, the axis of rotation of the lee radial blade turbine and the cable-cable coincides with the direction of the wind. The velocity head of the wind rotates the turbine, the mechanical energy is supplied to the multiplier, and then to the generator, where it is converted into electrical energy sent through the cable through the controller, the battery and the inverter to consumers. When the direction of the air flow changes, its pressure acts on the windward side surface of the balloon and wind vane, which takes the entire aeronautic module and unfolds it so that the direction of the tether cables and cable, the axis of rotation of the turbine coincide with the new wind direction. When the wind speed suddenly increases, and the length of the tethered cables and cable remains unchanged, the aeronautic module will lose its initial height under the pressure of the atmospheric flow. In this case, the cable and cable-cable will be located at a sharper angle to the ground. However, the wind power unit, as suspended on a vertical stand through a loosely worn sleeve to the horizontal frame bar, under the action of its own gravity, the gravity of the cable-cable always takes a position in which the axis of rotation of the leeted radial-vane turbine does not deviate from the direction of the wind. When weakening the force of the wind below the nominal value will have a similar result, only the cable and the cable-cable will be tensioned at a large angle to the surface of the earth.

The semi-rigid version of the balloon with the use of an internal frame allows the shell of lightweight tissue-film material to steadily hold a spherical volumetric shape with good flow, which reduces the distance the aeronautical module will blend from the ground mooring unit under the pressure of the wind. However, in the particular case when allocating a large plot of land for an aeronautical or aircraft is a problem, which is the case in densely populated regions, industrial areas and areas of active agriculture, this measure is insufficient. Here, it becomes urgent to create an air pressure system for a balloon directed against the high-altitude variable-speed wind flow against pressure on it. Such a system is the addition of the proposed device with at least one electric aircraft engine operating with variable propulsion acting against the wind. The engine is attached to the attached aerostat on the shelf connecting the existing brackets under the weather vane. In this regard, it is interesting to use electric aircraft engines of the Siemens concern, which, with a weight of only 50 kg. develop a power of 260 kW and the speed of rotation of the propeller up to 2500 rev / min. A positive result from the operation of such a system, if it reliably maintains the inclination of the tethered cables to the ground at least 60 ° against 30-45 ° for analogues, is expressed in a 3-9 fold reduction in the land acquisition area for the high-risk industrial area under any existing wind-powered balloon.

The improvement of the result in the particular case described can be hollow wings extended from the mounting base in both directions symmetrically and across the wind flow. Spatially aligned wings, having an aerodynamic profile, create an additional lift force acting on the aeronautic module of the aeroenergy stat. As the material of the wings, it is desirable to use lightweight plastic reinforced with carbon fiber. However, the addition of the aeronautical module of the proposed device with aerodynamic wings gives its effect only if there is a feature of the invention, which consists in the application of an electric aircraft engine, which creates thrust opposite to wind pressure.

In vortex flows, a cable-cable coil is useful to equip with its own mechanical drive, programmatically controlled so that the cable-cable stretches and returns to the rack a vertical position, at the same time restoring the coincidence of the directionality of the axis of rotation of the turbine with the movement of the wind. Upon termination of the vortex, the cable-cable is released from the coil and returns to the free-hanging mode under the aeronautic module.

The addition of the remote control of the aeroenergeostat and the explosion-proof execution of its electrical equipment with fixed dimensions of the production zone of increased danger under the aeronautic module creates real conditions for replacing helium as a gas-filled balloon of the balloon to seven times cheaper at prices on the Russian market for technical gases. It is possible to create a complex of aeroenergy and electrolytic installation, allowing not only to produce hydrogen to refuel the balloon shell, but also to serve as the accumulator of excess wind energy.

For known reasons, wind power tends to increase the capacity of each individual wind turbine in every possible way, which leads to the use of more and more heavy power units. Because of this, as well as the special operating conditions of the equipment at the height of high-speed winds, the rigidity and strength of the responsible and most loaded units of aeronautic modules are of paramount importance. Without this, measures to improve the orientation of turbines to the wind, minimizing production space, other improvements in the properties and qualities of aeroenergostat, its well-known prototypes will not lead to the production of electric power of industrially significant capacities.

Aeroenergostat is primarily intended for use outside the favorable atmospheric and climatic conditions with strong low winds of stable directivity, namely, where efficient operation of wind turbine wind turbine units is possible only under the pressure of high-altitude winds at a level of at least 300-600 meters from the earth. surface. In addition, the installation of a real turbine, which does not require the creation of massive foundations and construction supports, is preferable on light soils, in permafrost and on ice shelves, in zones of dust storms and seismic activity.

It is advisable to connect the hydrogen AeroPower to the regional storage of renewable energy. A similar complex with a gas storage capacity of 10 tons, equivalent to 200 MWh. implemented in Australia. In the practical application of electrolysis - methane technology HELMETH (coordinator of the European project — German Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe), AeroES will be able to supply consumers not only with electricity, but also with heat.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A wind-powered balloon containing a one-piece balloon from an internal frame and a soft shell, a mounting base pressed against the bottom of the balloon by meridian ribbons, lee brackets with weather vanes, a frame whose plane is perpendicular to the wind, with a horizontal crossbar, and also a wind deflector, and a wind deflector, with a horizontal crossbar and a wind deflector. from a multiplier and a generator in a nacelle hull, a downwind radial-blade turbine, whose axis of rotation coincides with the direction of the wind, tethered cable, cable-cable and ground mooring unit, on the otnoy platform which two coaxial mounted winch and cable bight, characterized in that the wind power unit is suspended from a crossbeam assembly by means comprising a sleeve, loosely dressed centered crossbar disposed below the vertical arm ending with a compound of the nacelle; the crossbar is reinforced with an arched truss, and below the area swept by the blades of the turbine, the sidewalls of the frame are connected by another crossbar.

2. The same balloon under item 1, characterized in that the leeward brackets are connected by a shelf on which at least one electric aircraft engine is installed, operating with variable thrust, directed against the wind.

3. The balloon according to claim 2, characterized in that the hollow wings of the airfoil are symmetrically extended across the wind flow from the mounting base in both directions.