WO2019192040A1 - Wind-photovoltaic-diesel intelligent alternating current microgrid system - Google Patents
Wind-photovoltaic-diesel intelligent alternating current microgrid system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019192040A1 WO2019192040A1 PCT/CN2018/084549 CN2018084549W WO2019192040A1 WO 2019192040 A1 WO2019192040 A1 WO 2019192040A1 CN 2018084549 W CN2018084549 W CN 2018084549W WO 2019192040 A1 WO2019192040 A1 WO 2019192040A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of an alternating current microgrid system, in particular to a wind and light diesel intelligent exchange microgrid system.
- the role of the communication base station power supply is to provide DC power to the communication equipment of the base station, which is an important part of the communication network infrastructure.
- the power supply mode of the base station can be divided into two types: for the communication base station that is closer to the power grid, the utility power can be delivered. In order to ensure the reliability, the joint power supply mode of the utility power and the diesel generator is generally adopted, that is, in the case of the commercial power supply.
- Wind energy and solar energy are natural green resources that can be used free of charge. They are inexhaustible, have no pollution, no radiation, and are characterized by clean, safe and sustainable use. At present, new energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy have been obtained. The rapid development has become an important guarantee for the world countries to cope with energy crisis, environmental pollution, global warming and sustainable development.
- the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a wind power diesel intelligent exchange micro-grid system, which can realize self-control, protection and management, can be operated in parallel with an external power grid, or can be operated on an island, mainly for medium and low voltage distribution networks. Users in the system, as well as users in islands, rural and remote areas, provide solutions for electricity use.
- the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
- Scenery firewood intelligent exchange microgrid system including wind turbine, photovoltaic array, diesel generator, energy storage device, load and microgrid energy management platform,
- the power output end of the wind power generator is connected to an AC power input end of the AC/DC/AC converter, and the power output end of the photovoltaic power generation array is connected to an input end of the DC/AC converter, the diesel generator
- the power output terminal is connected to the micro grid AC bus;
- the output end of the AC/DC/AC converter and the output end of the DC/AC converter are both connected to the micro-grid AC bus;
- the power output end of the energy storage device is connected to the input end of the DC/DC converter, the output end of the DC/DC converter is connected to the DC bus, and the power output end of the DC bus is connected to the input of the DC/AC converter. End, the output of the DC/AC converter is connected to the micro-grid AC bus;
- the micro-grid AC bus is connected to a common connection point PCC through a grid-connected switch, the micro-grid AC bus connection load and a micro-grid energy management platform; the micro-grid energy management platform is also connected with a wind power generator, a photovoltaic power generation array, and a diesel power generation
- the machine is connected to the energy storage device to realize information transmission.
- the left side of the DC/DC converter is connected to a DC bus
- the right side of the DC/DC converter is connected to an energy storage device
- the DC/DC converter is also connected to the bidirectional DC/DC converter controller.
- the bidirectional DC/DC converter controller implements PWM control for the DC/DC converter.
- the left side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the micro grid AC bus, and the right side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the output of the photovoltaic array to realize DC to AC conversion and power point tracking, the DC
- the /AC converter is also coupled to a DC/AC converter controller that implements PWM control of the DC/AC converter.
- the AC/DC/AC converter is divided into a machine side converter and a grid side converter, the machine side converter is used for controlling the generator active power and the reactive power, and the grid side converter is used for controlling the micro.
- Grid AC bus voltage the left side of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the micro grid AC bus, the right side of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the wind generator, and the AC/DC/AC converter
- the machine side converter is also connected to the machine side converter controller, and the grid side converter of the AC/DC/AC converter is also connected to the grid side converter controller.
- the microgrid energy management platform includes a power market electricity price information collection module, a microgrid energy management platform information processing module, an environmental parameter acquisition module, a microgrid optimization calculation control module, a load prediction module, and a power prediction module, wherein the power The output of the market electricity price information collection module and the environmental parameter acquisition module is connected with the input end of the information processing module of the microgrid energy management platform, and the output of the load prediction module and the power prediction module is connected with the input end of the micro network optimization calculation control module.
- the network energy management platform information processing module and the microgrid optimization calculation control module are bidirectionally connected; the output of the microgrid optimization calculation control module is also connected to the wind power generator, the diesel generator, the photovoltaic power generation display, the energy storage device and the load, the wind power generator, The diesel generator, the photovoltaic power generation array and the energy storage device are all connected with the input end of the power prediction module, and the load is connected with the input end of the load prediction module; the microgrid energy management platform is also connected with the distribution network information center by two-way communication, the distribution network The output of the information center is also connected to the electricity market.
- the electricity price information collection module is connected.
- the wind power generator comprises a doubly-fed wind turbine and a direct drive wind turbine.
- the energy storage device is one or more of a battery and a super capacitor.
- the active power and reactive power at the grid connection point of the microgrid and the main power grid are controllable and adjustable when connected to the grid; during independent operation, the active and reactive outputs of the micro power supply can be continuously adjusted according to the change of the load to maintain the communication.
- the bus frequency and voltage are within the specified range.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a smart light storage micro-grid system of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a DC/DC converter in a wind power diesel intelligent AC microgrid system according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic top view showing the topology of a DC/AC or AC/DC converter in a smart electric storage micro-grid system of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic top view showing the topology of an AC/DC/AC converter in a wind power diesel intelligent AC microgrid system according to the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a system block diagram of a microgrid energy management platform in a smart light storage micro-grid system of the present invention.
- the intelligent light storage micro-grid system of the present invention comprises a wind power generator, a photovoltaic power generation array, a diesel generator, an energy storage device, a load and a micro-grid energy management platform,
- the power output end of the wind power generator is connected to the AC power input end of the AC/DC/AC converter
- the power output end of the photovoltaic power generation array is connected to the input end of the DC/AC converter
- the power output end of the diesel generator is connected to the micro power grid.
- the output of the AC/DC/AC converter and the output of the DC/AC converter are connected to the microgrid AC bus;
- the power output end of the energy storage device is connected to the input end of the DC/DC converter, the output end of the DC/DC converter is connected to the DC bus, and the power output end of the DC bus is connected to the input end of the DC/AC converter, DC/AC conversion
- the output of the device is connected to the micro-grid AC bus;
- the microgrid AC bus connects to the common connection point PCC through the grid connection switch, the microgrid AC bus connection load and the microgrid energy management platform; the microgrid energy management platform is also connected with the wind turbine, photovoltaic array, diesel generator and energy storage device. To achieve information transmission.
- Fig. 2 it is a topology of a bidirectional DC/DC converter (DC/DC converter).
- the left side is the high voltage side, the DC bus is connected, and the right side is the low voltage side, and the energy storage device is connected.
- the energy When the energy is flowing forward, it works in the step-down state to charge the right energy storage device; when the energy flows in the opposite direction, it works in the boost state, and the right energy storage device discharges.
- the output end of the power transistor S1 is connected in series with the input end of the inductor, the power transistor S2 is connected in parallel between the power transistor S1 and the inductor, and the capacitor C is connected in parallel with the output end of the inductor.
- the DC/DC converter is also coupled to a bidirectional DC/DC converter controller that implements PWM control of the DC/DC converter.
- the inverter/rectifier (DC/AC or AC/DC converter) is used for the interface of the two functions.
- First it is used for photovoltaic grid-connected inverters.
- the left side is connected to the micro-grid AC bus, the right side is connected to the output of the photovoltaic array, which realizes the DC-to-AC conversion and power point tracking.
- the second is used to realize the internal communication in the micro-grid.
- the two-way flow of the side and DC side energy the energy flows in the forward direction, works in the rectification state, the energy storage device is charged; the energy flows in the reverse direction, the operation is in the inverter state, and the energy storage device discharges.
- the three phases A, B, and C of the microgrid AC bus are connected in series with an inductor L and a resistor R.
- the output of the resistor R has three sets of power transistors and capacitors C in parallel, and the output terminal is connected to a DC bus or a photovoltaic array.
- the DC/AC converter is also coupled to a DC/AC converter controller that implements PWM control of the DC/AC converter.
- the topology of the back-to-back converter is divided into a machine-side converter and a grid-side converter.
- the machine-side converter is used to control the generator active power and none.
- Power, grid-side converter is used to control the DC bus voltage; the left side of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the micro-grid AC bus, the right side of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the wind turbine, and the wind turbine includes double Feed-type wind turbines and direct-drive wind turbines.
- the machine-side converter of the AC/DC/AC converter is also connected to the machine-side converter controller, and the grid-side converter of the AC/DC/AC converter is also connected to the grid-side converter controller.
- the three phases A, B, and C of the micro-grid AC bus are connected in series with an inductor L and a resistor R.
- the output terminals of the resistor R are connected in parallel with three sets of power transistors and capacitors C to form a grid-side converter;
- the output end is connected in parallel with the three sets of power transistors on the right side to form a machine-side converter, and the output end is connected to the wind power generator.
- a bidirectional DC/DC converter controller In the present invention, a bidirectional DC/DC converter controller, a DC/AC converter controller, a machine side converter controller of an AC/DC/AC converter, and a grid side converter of an AC/DC/AC converter
- the controller adopts TMS320F28335 high-precision floating-point DSP.
- the power balance between the power source and the load is realized by the above-mentioned converter controller.
- the electricity price information collection module can upload the electricity price information to the information processing module in real time.
- the environmental parameter acquisition module uploads parameters such as real-time wind speed and sunshine intensity in the micro-grid wind power and photovoltaic system to the information processing module for analysis.
- the information processing module analyzes and processes the electricity price parameter, the environmental information and the weather forecast information obtained through the distribution network information center, and then uploads it to the micro network optimization calculation control module, and optimizes the calculation control module to combine the load prediction and the power prediction, and the piconet
- the optimization calculation control module uses multi-objective (operational efficiency, system environmental benefit and other objectives) optimization algorithms to calculate the control quantity, charge and discharge, load and micro-power of diesel generators, wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays. The operating mode of the network is controlled.
- Load forecasting needs to collect long-term load change information, and predict the load information at the next moment by curve fitting or interpolation method and upload it to the micro-network optimization calculation control module. At the same time, the load forecast also needs to upload load change information and load plan change information in real time. Similarly, power prediction needs to make power prediction based on the annual operating force status of diesel generators, wind turbines, and photovoltaic arrays, and environmental parameter changes in the next few days. Generally, the load prediction and power prediction data update intervals are minutes.
- the installation location and rated capacity of diesel generators, wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays will affect the system short-circuit current, voltage distribution of the distribution network, voltage stability and so on.
- Reasonable generator installation position and set capacity can effectively improve distribution network voltage, reduce system active network loss, and increase system load rate. Therefore, in the present invention, the optimization variables selectable when performing the optimization calculation include the number, location, and capacity of the diesel generator, the wind power generator, and the photovoltaic power generation array.
- certain evaluation variables such as network loss, environmental benefits, etc.
- various equipments in the system also need to meet various operational constraints and system constraints.
- the whole micro-network optimization design problem can be transformed into multi-objective optimization model, and the appropriate solving algorithms such as analytical method and intelligent evolutionary algorithm are used to solve the problem. Corresponding all or partial optimal solutions.
- the power generation equipment includes a diesel generator, a wind power generator, and a photovoltaic power generation array.
- the diesel generator set is a kind of small-scale power generation equipment. It uses diesel fuel as the fuel and diesel engine as the prime mover to drive the generator to generate electricity.
- the diesel generator set is a non-continuous operation power generation equipment. If it is continuously operated for more than 12 hours, its output power will be lower than the rated power by about 90%.
- Wind turbines include wind turbines, gearboxes, generators, back-to-back converters and their control units, steering mechanisms, brake mechanisms, towers, etc., where wind turbines and generators are the main energy conversion components. At present, wind turbines mainly include two types of doubly-fed and direct-drive types.
- Both wind turbines can realize decoupling control of variable-speed constant frequency and power.
- the difference lies in converter capacity and system topology, direct drive type.
- Permanent magnet synchronous generators are used in wind power systems.
- the converter capacity and generator capacity are equivalent.
- the system has no gearbox.
- the doubly-fed wind power system uses doubly-fed induction generators.
- the converter capacity is only slip.
- the generator capacity is doubled (about 0.3 times) and the system has a gearbox.
- the photovoltaic power generation system is composed of photovoltaic power generation array and photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
- the output power of the photovoltaic power generation array is affected by factors such as sunshine intensity and junction temperature of the power generation board. Therefore, the maximum power point needs to be tracked.
- the output of the photovoltaic power generation array is In the present invention, the photovoltaic array is connected to the microgrid AC bus of the AC microgrid through an inverter (DC/AC converter), and the DC power generated by the PV array is converted into AC power to supply power to the load.
- DC/AC converter DC/AC converter
- the energy storage device is a very critical device in the AC microgrid system. Because of the randomness and intermittent nature of wind and solar energy, wind power and photovoltaic power generation are difficult to balance the demand of real-time and load. Adding energy storage devices to the AC microgrid system can quickly smooth power fluctuations caused by wind power, photovoltaics and load changes. . There are many types of energy storage devices, and batteries and super capacitors are two common types. As the main energy storage equipment in the microgrid, the battery has the characteristics of low manufacturing cost, mature production technology and high energy conversion efficiency. According to the nature of work and storage methods, batteries can be divided into lead-acid batteries, lead-crystal batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium batteries and so on.
- valve-regulated lead-acid battery commonly used in lead-acid batteries is often used in places where high power is provided in a short time, and has the advantages of stable working voltage, simple structure, small internal resistance, good starting performance and low price; supercapacitor (Supercapacitor, also known as Electrical Doule-Layer Capacitor, is an electrochemical component that stores energy by polarizing an electrolyte. Supercapacitors do not undergo chemical reactions during energy storage. This energy storage process is reversible, so it can perform hundreds of thousands of cycles of charging. The large current with capacitor has a fast charge and discharge characteristic, and also has the energy storage characteristics of the battery. When discharging, the electrons are released from the moving conductor to supply power to the device.
- supercapacitor also known as Electrical Doule-Layer Capacitor
- the supercapacitor has the characteristics of small size, capacity, fast charging speed (95% of rated capacity can be achieved in 10 seconds of charging), over-voltage is not broken down, and the charging and discharging circuit is simple. Therefore, it can be used as an internal power type energy storage unit of the microgrid to smooth power fluctuations in the network. Based on the advantages of the above two energy storage devices, the present invention selects a battery and a super capacitor as the energy storage device.
- the present invention is a smart electric storage micro-grid system:
- the active power and reactive power at the grid connection point of the microgrid and the main power grid are controllable and adjustable when connected to the grid.
- the active and reactive outputs of the micro power supply can be continuously adjusted according to the change of the load to maintain the busbar.
- the frequency and voltage are within the specified range.
- the power quality indicators in the microgrid mainly include: harmonic and waveform distortion, voltage fluctuation and flicker, DC injection, voltage imbalance, voltage deviation, and frequency.
- the above indicators are in line with the corresponding provisions in China's power quality standards GB/T 12325-2008, GB/T 14549-1993, GB/T 15945-2008, GB/T 12326-2008, GB/T 15543-2008.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
A wind-photovoltaic-diesel intelligent alternating current (AC) microgrid system, comprising a wind turbine, a photovoltaic power generation array, a diesel generator, an energy storage device, and a load and microgrid energy management platform. An electrical energy output end of the wind turbine is connected to an AC power input end of an AC/direct current (DC)/AC converter, and an output end of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to a microgrid AC busbar; an electrical energy output end of the photovoltaic power generation array is connected to an input end of a DC/AC converter, and an output end of the DC/AC converter is connected to the microgrid AC busbar; an electrical energy output end of the diesel generator is connected to the microgrid AC busbar; an electrical energy output end of the energy storage device is connected to an input end of a DC/DC converter, and an output end of the DC/DC converter is connected to a DC busbar; an electrical energy output end of the DC busbar is connected to the input end of the DC/AC converter, and the output end of the DC/AC converter is connected to the microgrid AC busbar; the microgrid AC busbar is connected to a point of common coupling (PCC) by means of a grid-connected switch, and is connected to the load and microgrid energy management platform; the microgrid energy management platform is further connected to the wind turbine, the photovoltaic power generation array, the diesel generator, and the energy storage device to implement information transmission. The system interconnects the wind turbine, the photovoltaic power generation array, the diesel generator, the energy storage device, and the load and microgrid energy management platform, can implement a grid-connected operation and an independent operation, and can also implement seamless switch between the grid-connected operation and the independent operation; power balance between the power supply and the load can be implemented; the microgrid energy management platform having energy management and scheduling functions is configured, so that power fluctuations caused by wind power, photovoltaic and load changes, etc. can be quickly smoothed.
Description
本发明涉及交流微电网系统技术领域,具体涉及一种风光柴储智能交流微电网系统。The invention relates to the technical field of an alternating current microgrid system, in particular to a wind and light diesel intelligent exchange microgrid system.
随着移动通信的大规模普及,世界各国众多通信运营商不断加大对硬件设施的投入,主要表现为通过增加通信基站来扩大通信覆盖范围。就我国而言,截止2017年6月,仅4G基站规模就超过328万个,4G通信网络用户数突破了8亿。通信基站电源的作用是为基站的通信设备提供直流电源,它是通信网络基础设施的重要组成部分。基站的供电方式可以分为两种:对于离电网较近的通信基站,市电能够送达,为了保证可靠性,一般采用市电和柴油发电机联合供电方式,即在有市电的情况下,采用市电供电,当市电中断时,先由蓄电池供电一段时间,基站维护人员在规定的时间内赶到,启动柴油发电机供电;对于远离电网的偏远地区所建立的通信基站,由于距离和成本等因素的限制,市电无法送达,多采用当地直接发电,最常用的就是采用柴油发电机独立供电。上述两种供电方式均会消耗大量的电能和燃油,一方面给运营商带来了较大的运营成本,据统计,我们国家基站能耗占到整个移动通信网络设备能源消耗的90%左右,目前,通信运营商的运营费用中有大约30%的比例用于电费支出,运营商基站每年耗电费就达数百亿元;另一方面传统的柴油发电需要大量燃烧价格昂贵不可再生的化石原料,并且会产生环境和噪声污染,此外柴油发电机过载能力较差。With the large-scale popularization of mobile communications, many communication operators around the world continue to increase investment in hardware facilities, mainly by increasing communication coverage by increasing communication base stations. As far as China is concerned, as of June 2017, the number of 4G base stations alone exceeded 3.28 million, and the number of 4G communication network users exceeded 800 million. The role of the communication base station power supply is to provide DC power to the communication equipment of the base station, which is an important part of the communication network infrastructure. The power supply mode of the base station can be divided into two types: for the communication base station that is closer to the power grid, the utility power can be delivered. In order to ensure the reliability, the joint power supply mode of the utility power and the diesel generator is generally adopted, that is, in the case of the commercial power supply. When the mains supply is interrupted, the battery is powered by the battery for a period of time. The maintenance personnel of the base station arrives within the specified time to start the power supply of the diesel generator; for the communication base station established in a remote area far from the power grid, due to the distance And the cost and other factors limit, the city power can not be delivered, mostly using local direct power generation, the most common is the use of diesel generators to provide independent power. Both of the above power supply methods consume a large amount of electric energy and fuel, which brings a large operating cost to operators. According to statistics, our national base station energy consumption accounts for about 90% of the energy consumption of the entire mobile communication network equipment. At present, about 30% of the communication operators' operating expenses are used for electricity expenses, and the operator's base station consumes tens of billions of electricity per year. On the other hand, traditional diesel power generation requires a large amount of expensive and non-renewable fossils. Raw materials, and will cause environmental and noise pollution, in addition, diesel generators have poor overload capability.
为了顺应国家节能减排的战略,降低通信运行商的运营成本,提升通信基站的节能环保性能,最优选择是改变基站现有的供电方式,充分利用风能、太阳能等清洁的可再生能源进行发电,建设绿色通信基站。风能、太阳能是可免费利用的天然绿色资源,取之不尽,用之不竭,具有无污染、无辐射,具有清洁、安全、可持续利用的特点,目前风能、太阳能等新能源发电已经取得了飞速发展,成为世界各国应对能源危机、环境污染、全球气候变暖、实现可持续发展的重要保证。然而,风能和太阳能受到自然环境、季节变化、昼夜交替等因素的制约,具有较强的随机性和间歇性,因此仅采用风能和太阳能对通信基站负荷供电,会导致供电系统功率出现较大波动,从而严重影响系统的安全稳定运行以及基站负载的安全使用。另外一种方案是通过增加储能装置构成的风储、光储或者风光储联合发电系统对通信基站负荷进行供电,虽然储能装置对功率波动的抑制有所改善,但也不能从根本上完全解决上述问题,特别是遇到连续阴雨或无风天气,风力和光伏无法发电,而蓄电池储能有限,也会出现负荷供电中断,而且为了平抑风力和光伏发电的功率波动,储能单元会出现频繁的充放电,严重影响其使用寿命,因此这种供电方案也无法满足通信基站电源安全可靠性的要求。此外,功率波动的平抑依赖大量增加储能设备来实现,从而提高了供电系统成本,经济性较差。In order to comply with the national energy conservation and emission reduction strategy, reduce the operating costs of communication operators, and improve the energy saving and environmental protection performance of communication base stations, the optimal choice is to change the existing power supply mode of the base station and make full use of clean renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy to generate electricity. , building a green communication base station. Wind energy and solar energy are natural green resources that can be used free of charge. They are inexhaustible, have no pollution, no radiation, and are characterized by clean, safe and sustainable use. At present, new energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy have been obtained. The rapid development has become an important guarantee for the world countries to cope with energy crisis, environmental pollution, global warming and sustainable development. However, wind energy and solar energy are restricted by natural environment, seasonal changes, day and night alternation, etc., and have strong randomness and intermittentness. Therefore, only wind and solar energy are used to supply power to the communication base station, which will cause large fluctuations in power supply system power. Therefore, it seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the system and the safe use of the base station load. Another solution is to increase the load of the communication base station by adding a wind storage, optical storage or wind and light storage combined power generation system composed of energy storage devices. Although the energy storage device has improved power fluctuation suppression, it cannot be fundamentally complete. To solve the above problems, especially in the case of continuous rain or windless weather, wind and photovoltaic can not generate electricity, and battery storage is limited, load power supply interruption, and in order to stabilize the power fluctuation of wind power and photovoltaic power generation, the energy storage unit will appear. Frequent charging and discharging seriously affects the service life of the communication base station. Therefore, this power supply solution cannot meet the requirements for the safety and reliability of the power supply of the communication base station. In addition, the suppression of power fluctuations relies on a large increase in energy storage equipment to achieve, thereby increasing the cost of the power supply system and the economy is poor.
如何将柴油发电机、风力发电机和光伏发电系统以智能微电网的形式接入配网,形成由柴油发电机、风力发电机、光伏电池、储能装置、电力电子能量转换装置、相关负荷和微网能量管理、监控保护装置汇集而成的风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,用于替代传统的柴油发电机组发电是目前需要解决的问题。How to connect diesel generators, wind turbines and photovoltaic power generation systems into the distribution network in the form of smart microgrids, forming diesel generators, wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, energy storage devices, power electronic energy conversion devices, related loads and The micro-grid energy management and monitoring and protection devices are combined to form a smart electric storage micro-grid system, which is a problem that needs to be solved to replace the traditional diesel generator set.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,能够实现自我控制、保护和管理,既可以与外部电网并网运行,也可以孤岛运行,主要为中低压配电网系统中的用户以及海岛、农村和偏远地区的用户用电提供解决方案。The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a wind power diesel intelligent exchange micro-grid system, which can realize self-control, protection and management, can be operated in parallel with an external power grid, or can be operated on an island, mainly for medium and low voltage distribution networks. Users in the system, as well as users in islands, rural and remote areas, provide solutions for electricity use.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,包括风力发电机、光伏发电阵列、柴油发电机、储能装置、负荷和微网能量管理平台,Scenery firewood intelligent exchange microgrid system, including wind turbine, photovoltaic array, diesel generator, energy storage device, load and microgrid energy management platform,
其中,所述风力发电机的电能输出端连接AC/DC/AC变换器的交流电源输入端,所述光伏发电阵列的电能输出端连接DC/AC变换器的输入端,所述柴油发电机的电能输出端连接微电网交流母线;Wherein the power output end of the wind power generator is connected to an AC power input end of the AC/DC/AC converter, and the power output end of the photovoltaic power generation array is connected to an input end of the DC/AC converter, the diesel generator The power output terminal is connected to the micro grid AC bus;
所述AC/DC/AC变换器的输出端和DC/AC变换器的输出端均接入微电网交流母线;The output end of the AC/DC/AC converter and the output end of the DC/AC converter are both connected to the micro-grid AC bus;
所述储能装置的电能输出端连接DC/DC变换器的输入端,所述DC/DC变换器的输出端接入直流母线,所述直流母线的电能输出端连接DC/AC变换器的输入端,所述DC/AC变换器的输出端接入微电网交流母线;The power output end of the energy storage device is connected to the input end of the DC/DC converter, the output end of the DC/DC converter is connected to the DC bus, and the power output end of the DC bus is connected to the input of the DC/AC converter. End, the output of the DC/AC converter is connected to the micro-grid AC bus;
所述微电网交流母线通过并网开关连接公共连接点PCC,所述微电网交流母线连接负荷和微网能量管理平台;所述微网能量管理平台还与风力发电机、光伏发电阵列、柴油发电机和储能装置连接,实现信息传输。The micro-grid AC bus is connected to a common connection point PCC through a grid-connected switch, the micro-grid AC bus connection load and a micro-grid energy management platform; the micro-grid energy management platform is also connected with a wind power generator, a photovoltaic power generation array, and a diesel power generation The machine is connected to the energy storage device to realize information transmission.
进一步的,所述DC/DC变换器的左侧接直流母线,所述DC/DC变换器的右侧接储能装置,所述DC/DC变换器还与双向DC/DC变换器控制器连接,双向DC/DC变换器控制器对DC/DC变换器实现PWM控制。Further, the left side of the DC/DC converter is connected to a DC bus, and the right side of the DC/DC converter is connected to an energy storage device, and the DC/DC converter is also connected to the bidirectional DC/DC converter controller. The bidirectional DC/DC converter controller implements PWM control for the DC/DC converter.
进一步的,所述DC/AC变换器的左侧接微电网交流母线,所述DC/AC变换器的右侧接光伏发电阵列的输出,实现直流到交流的变换以及功率点跟踪,所述DC/AC变换器还与DC/AC变换器控制器连接,DC/AC变换器控制器对DC/AC变换器实现PWM控制。Further, the left side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the micro grid AC bus, and the right side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the output of the photovoltaic array to realize DC to AC conversion and power point tracking, the DC The /AC converter is also coupled to a DC/AC converter controller that implements PWM control of the DC/AC converter.
进一步的,所述AC/DC/AC变换器分为机侧变流器和网侧变流器,机侧变流器用于控制发电机有功功率和无功功率,网侧变流器用于控制微电网交流母线电压;所述AC/DC/AC变换器的左侧接微电网交流母线,所述AC/DC/AC变换器的右侧接风力发电机,所述AC/DC/AC变换器的机侧变流器还与机侧变流器控制器连接,所述AC/DC/AC变换器的网侧变流器还与网侧变流器控制器连接。Further, the AC/DC/AC converter is divided into a machine side converter and a grid side converter, the machine side converter is used for controlling the generator active power and the reactive power, and the grid side converter is used for controlling the micro. Grid AC bus voltage; the left side of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the micro grid AC bus, the right side of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the wind generator, and the AC/DC/AC converter The machine side converter is also connected to the machine side converter controller, and the grid side converter of the AC/DC/AC converter is also connected to the grid side converter controller.
进一步的,所述微网能量管理平台包括电力市场电价信息采集模块、微网能量管理平台信息处理模块、环境参数采集模块、微网优化计算控制模块、负荷预测模块和功率预测 模块,其中,电力市场电价信息采集模块、环境参数采集模块的输出端与微网能量管理平台信息处理模块的输入端连接,负荷预测模块、功率预测模块的输出端与微网优化计算控制模块的输入端连接,微网能量管理平台信息处理模块与微网优化计算控制模块双向连接;微网优化计算控制模块的输出端还连接风力发电机、柴油发电机、光伏发电陈列、储能装置和负荷,风力发电机、柴油发电机、光伏发电阵列和储能装置均与功率预测模块的输入端连接,负荷与负荷预测模块的输入端连接;微网能量管理平台还与配电网信息中心双向通讯连接,配电网信息中心的输出端还与电力市场电价信息采集模块连接。Further, the microgrid energy management platform includes a power market electricity price information collection module, a microgrid energy management platform information processing module, an environmental parameter acquisition module, a microgrid optimization calculation control module, a load prediction module, and a power prediction module, wherein the power The output of the market electricity price information collection module and the environmental parameter acquisition module is connected with the input end of the information processing module of the microgrid energy management platform, and the output of the load prediction module and the power prediction module is connected with the input end of the micro network optimization calculation control module. The network energy management platform information processing module and the microgrid optimization calculation control module are bidirectionally connected; the output of the microgrid optimization calculation control module is also connected to the wind power generator, the diesel generator, the photovoltaic power generation display, the energy storage device and the load, the wind power generator, The diesel generator, the photovoltaic power generation array and the energy storage device are all connected with the input end of the power prediction module, and the load is connected with the input end of the load prediction module; the microgrid energy management platform is also connected with the distribution network information center by two-way communication, the distribution network The output of the information center is also connected to the electricity market. The electricity price information collection module is connected.
作为优选的,所述风力发电机包括双馈型风力发电机和直驱型风力发电机。Preferably, the wind power generator comprises a doubly-fed wind turbine and a direct drive wind turbine.
作为优选的,所述储能装置为蓄电池和超级电容中的一种或多种。Preferably, the energy storage device is one or more of a battery and a super capacitor.
本发明的有益效果是:The beneficial effects of the invention are:
1、将风力发电机、光伏发电阵列、柴油发电机、储能装置、负荷和微网能量管理平台实现互联,可以实现并网运行,也可以独立运行,并且可以实现二者之间的无缝切换。并网时微电网的电压、频率、相角和相序应与电网的相匹配,两者上述参数偏差满足:电压偏差△U在±10%以内,频率偏差△f在±0.4Hz以内,△δ在±10°以内。1. Connect wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, diesel generators, energy storage devices, loads and microgrid energy management platforms to achieve grid-connected operation, independent operation, and seamless integration between the two. Switch. When the grid is connected, the voltage, frequency, phase angle and phase sequence of the microgrid should be matched with the grid. The deviation of the above parameters is satisfied: the voltage deviation ΔU is within ±10%, and the frequency deviation Δf is within ±0.4 Hz. δ is within ±10°.
2、并网运行时微电网与主电网并网点处的有功功率和无功功率大小和方向可控可调;独立运行时能根据负荷的变化不断调节微电源的有功和无功输出,维持交流母线频率和电压在规定的范围内。2. The active power and reactive power at the grid connection point of the microgrid and the main power grid are controllable and adjustable when connected to the grid; during independent operation, the active and reactive outputs of the micro power supply can be continuously adjusted according to the change of the load to maintain the communication. The bus frequency and voltage are within the specified range.
3、通过DC/DC变换器、DC/AC变换器以及AC/DC/AC变换器作为电力电子能量转换设备将风力发电机、光伏电池阵列、柴油发电机和储能装置连接到微电网交流母线上,实现电源与负荷之间的功率平衡。3. Connect wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, diesel generators and energy storage devices to the microgrid AC bus by DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter and AC/DC/AC converter as power electronic energy conversion equipment On, the power balance between the power supply and the load is achieved.
4、配备微网能量管理平台,具备能量管理和调度的功能,可以快速平滑风电、光伏和负荷变化等造成的功率波动。4, equipped with micro-grid energy management platform, with energy management and scheduling functions, can quickly smooth power fluctuations caused by wind power, photovoltaic and load changes.
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1为本发明风光柴储智能交流微电网系统的拓扑结构示意图;1 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a smart light storage micro-grid system of the present invention;
图2为本发明风光柴储智能交流微电网系统中的DC/DC变换器的拓扑结构示意图;2 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a DC/DC converter in a wind power diesel intelligent AC microgrid system according to the present invention;
图3为本发明风光柴储智能交流微电网系统中的DC/AC或AC/DC变换器的拓扑结构示意图;3 is a schematic top view showing the topology of a DC/AC or AC/DC converter in a smart electric storage micro-grid system of the present invention;
图4为本发明风光柴储智能交流微电网系统中的AC/DC/AC变换器的拓扑结构示意图;4 is a schematic top view showing the topology of an AC/DC/AC converter in a wind power diesel intelligent AC microgrid system according to the present invention;
图5为本发明风光柴储智能交流微电网系统中的微网能量管理平台的系统框图。FIG. 5 is a system block diagram of a microgrid energy management platform in a smart light storage micro-grid system of the present invention.
为了加深对本发明的理解,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。In order to further understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are only intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
如图1所示,本发明风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,包括风力发电机、光伏发电阵列、 柴油发电机、储能装置、负荷和微网能量管理平台,As shown in FIG. 1 , the intelligent light storage micro-grid system of the present invention comprises a wind power generator, a photovoltaic power generation array, a diesel generator, an energy storage device, a load and a micro-grid energy management platform,
其中,风力发电机的电能输出端连接AC/DC/AC变换器的交流电源输入端,光伏发电阵列的电能输出端连接DC/AC变换器的输入端,柴油发电机的电能输出端连接微电网交流母线;Wherein, the power output end of the wind power generator is connected to the AC power input end of the AC/DC/AC converter, the power output end of the photovoltaic power generation array is connected to the input end of the DC/AC converter, and the power output end of the diesel generator is connected to the micro power grid. AC bus
AC/DC/AC变换器的输出端和DC/AC变换器的输出端均接入微电网交流母线;The output of the AC/DC/AC converter and the output of the DC/AC converter are connected to the microgrid AC bus;
储能装置的电能输出端连接DC/DC变换器的输入端,DC/DC变换器的输出端接入直流母线,直流母线的电能输出端连接DC/AC变换器的输入端,DC/AC变换器的输出端接入微电网交流母线;The power output end of the energy storage device is connected to the input end of the DC/DC converter, the output end of the DC/DC converter is connected to the DC bus, and the power output end of the DC bus is connected to the input end of the DC/AC converter, DC/AC conversion The output of the device is connected to the micro-grid AC bus;
微电网交流母线通过并网开关连接公共连接点PCC,微电网交流母线连接负荷和微网能量管理平台;微网能量管理平台还与风力发电机、光伏发电阵列、柴油发电机和储能装置连接,实现信息传输。The microgrid AC bus connects to the common connection point PCC through the grid connection switch, the microgrid AC bus connection load and the microgrid energy management platform; the microgrid energy management platform is also connected with the wind turbine, photovoltaic array, diesel generator and energy storage device. To achieve information transmission.
如图2所示,为双向直流/直流变换器(DC/DC变换器)的拓扑结构,左侧为高压侧,接直流母线,右侧为低压侧,接储能装置。能量正向流动时,工作在降压状态,给右侧储能装置充电;能量反向流动时,工作在升压状态,右侧储能装置放电。As shown in Fig. 2, it is a topology of a bidirectional DC/DC converter (DC/DC converter). The left side is the high voltage side, the DC bus is connected, and the right side is the low voltage side, and the energy storage device is connected. When the energy is flowing forward, it works in the step-down state to charge the right energy storage device; when the energy flows in the opposite direction, it works in the boost state, and the right energy storage device discharges.
如图2所示,电力晶体管S1的输出端与电感的输入端串联,电力晶体管S1与电感之间并联有电力晶体管S2,电感的输出端并联有电容C。DC/DC变换器还与双向DC/DC变换器控制器连接,双向DC/DC变换器控制器对DC/DC变换器实现PWM控制。As shown in FIG. 2, the output end of the power transistor S1 is connected in series with the input end of the inductor, the power transistor S2 is connected in parallel between the power transistor S1 and the inductor, and the capacitor C is connected in parallel with the output end of the inductor. The DC/DC converter is also coupled to a bidirectional DC/DC converter controller that implements PWM control of the DC/DC converter.
如图3所示,为逆变器/整流器(DC/AC或AC/DC变换器)的拓扑结构,逆变器/整流器(DC/AC或AC/DC变换器)用于两种功能的接口,一是用于光伏并网逆变器,左侧接微电网交流母线,右侧接光伏发电阵列的输出,实现直流到交流的变换以及功率点跟踪;二是用于实现在微电网内部交流侧和直流侧能量的双向流动,能量正向流动,工作在整流状态,储能装置充电;能量反向流动,工作在逆变状态,储能装置放电。As shown in Figure 3, for the topology of the inverter/rectifier (DC/AC or AC/DC converter), the inverter/rectifier (DC/AC or AC/DC converter) is used for the interface of the two functions. First, it is used for photovoltaic grid-connected inverters. The left side is connected to the micro-grid AC bus, the right side is connected to the output of the photovoltaic array, which realizes the DC-to-AC conversion and power point tracking. The second is used to realize the internal communication in the micro-grid. The two-way flow of the side and DC side energy, the energy flows in the forward direction, works in the rectification state, the energy storage device is charged; the energy flows in the reverse direction, the operation is in the inverter state, and the energy storage device discharges.
如图3所示,微电网交流母线的三相A、B、C均串联有电感L和电阻R,电阻R的输出端并联有三组电力晶体管和电容C,输出端连接直流母线或光伏发电阵列。DC/AC变换器还与DC/AC变换器控制器连接,DC/AC变换器控制器对DC/AC变换器实现PWM控制。As shown in Figure 3, the three phases A, B, and C of the microgrid AC bus are connected in series with an inductor L and a resistor R. The output of the resistor R has three sets of power transistors and capacitors C in parallel, and the output terminal is connected to a DC bus or a photovoltaic array. . The DC/AC converter is also coupled to a DC/AC converter controller that implements PWM control of the DC/AC converter.
如图4所示,为背靠背变换器(AC/DC/AC变换器)的拓扑结构,分为机侧变流器和网侧变流器,机侧变流器用于控制发电机有功功率和无功功率,网侧变流器用于控制直流母线电压;AC/DC/AC变换器的左侧接微电网交流母线,AC/DC/AC变换器的右侧接风力发电机,风力发电机包括双馈型风力发电机和直驱型风力发电机。AC/DC/AC变换器的机侧变流器还与机侧变流器控制器连接,AC/DC/AC变换器的网侧变流器还与网侧变流器控制器连接。As shown in Figure 4, the topology of the back-to-back converter (AC/DC/AC converter) is divided into a machine-side converter and a grid-side converter. The machine-side converter is used to control the generator active power and none. Power, grid-side converter is used to control the DC bus voltage; the left side of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the micro-grid AC bus, the right side of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the wind turbine, and the wind turbine includes double Feed-type wind turbines and direct-drive wind turbines. The machine-side converter of the AC/DC/AC converter is also connected to the machine-side converter controller, and the grid-side converter of the AC/DC/AC converter is also connected to the grid-side converter controller.
如图4所示,微电网交流母线的三相A、B、C均串联有电感L和电阻R,电阻R的输出端并联有三组电力晶体管和电容C,组成网侧变流器;电容C的输出端与右侧的三组电力晶体管并联组成机侧变流器,输出端连接风力发电机。As shown in Figure 4, the three phases A, B, and C of the micro-grid AC bus are connected in series with an inductor L and a resistor R. The output terminals of the resistor R are connected in parallel with three sets of power transistors and capacitors C to form a grid-side converter; The output end is connected in parallel with the three sets of power transistors on the right side to form a machine-side converter, and the output end is connected to the wind power generator.
本发明中,双向DC/DC变换器控制器、DC/AC变换器控制器、AC/DC/AC变换器的机侧变流器控制器和AC/DC/AC变换器的网侧变流器控制器均采用TMS320F28335高精度浮点 DSP,本发明风光柴储智能交流微电网系统中通过上述变流器控制器实现电源与负荷之间的功率平衡。In the present invention, a bidirectional DC/DC converter controller, a DC/AC converter controller, a machine side converter controller of an AC/DC/AC converter, and a grid side converter of an AC/DC/AC converter The controller adopts TMS320F28335 high-precision floating-point DSP. In the wind power diesel intelligent AC microgrid system of the present invention, the power balance between the power source and the load is realized by the above-mentioned converter controller.
如图5所示,为微网能量管理平台的拓扑结构,根据能源需求、负荷情况、市场信息和运行约束等条件做出决策,通过对风力发电机、光伏发电阵列、柴油发电机、储能装置和负荷的灵活调度来实现系统的优化运行。As shown in Figure 5, for the topology of the microgrid energy management platform, decisions are made based on energy demand, load conditions, market information, and operational constraints, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, diesel generators, and energy storage. Flexible scheduling of devices and loads to achieve optimal operation of the system.
其中,包括电价信息采集、环境参数采集、信息处理、负荷预测、功率预测、优化计算控制以及与配电网信息中心之间的通信等。电价信息采集模块能够实时的将电价信息上传给信息处理模块。环境参数采集模块将微网风电和光伏系统中的实时风速、日照强度等参数,上传给信息处理模块进行分析。信息处理模块将电价参数、环境信息以及通过配电网信息中心所得到的天气预报信息分析处理后上传给微网优化计算控制模块,优化计算控制模块同时结合负荷预测和功率预测的情况,微网优化计算控制模块采用多目标(运行效率、系统环境效益等目标)优化算法进行计算得到控制量,对柴油发电机、风力发电机和光伏发电阵列的功率、储能装置的充放电、负荷以及微网的运行模式进行控制。Among them, including electricity price information collection, environmental parameter collection, information processing, load forecasting, power forecasting, optimization calculation control, and communication with the distribution network information center. The electricity price information collection module can upload the electricity price information to the information processing module in real time. The environmental parameter acquisition module uploads parameters such as real-time wind speed and sunshine intensity in the micro-grid wind power and photovoltaic system to the information processing module for analysis. The information processing module analyzes and processes the electricity price parameter, the environmental information and the weather forecast information obtained through the distribution network information center, and then uploads it to the micro network optimization calculation control module, and optimizes the calculation control module to combine the load prediction and the power prediction, and the piconet The optimization calculation control module uses multi-objective (operational efficiency, system environmental benefit and other objectives) optimization algorithms to calculate the control quantity, charge and discharge, load and micro-power of diesel generators, wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays. The operating mode of the network is controlled.
负荷预测需要采集负荷长期变化信息,通过曲线拟合或插值的方法预测下一时刻负荷信息并上传给微网优化计算控制模块。同时,该负荷预测也需要实时上传负荷变化信息及负荷计划变化信息。同样,功率预测需要根据柴油发电机、风力发电机和光伏发电阵列年运行出力状态、未来几天的环境参数变化情况做出功率预测,一般来说,负荷预测和功率预测数据更新间隔为分钟。Load forecasting needs to collect long-term load change information, and predict the load information at the next moment by curve fitting or interpolation method and upload it to the micro-network optimization calculation control module. At the same time, the load forecast also needs to upload load change information and load plan change information in real time. Similarly, power prediction needs to make power prediction based on the annual operating force status of diesel generators, wind turbines, and photovoltaic arrays, and environmental parameter changes in the next few days. Generally, the load prediction and power prediction data update intervals are minutes.
柴油发电机、风力发电机和光伏发电阵列的安装位置和额定容量的选取,将会影响到系统短路电流的大小、配电网的电压分布、电压稳定性等。合理的发电机安装位置和设置容量可以有效改善配电网电压、减小系统有功网损、提高系统负荷率。因此在本发明中,进行优化计算时可选取的优化变量包括柴油发电机、风力发电机和光伏发电阵列的数目、位置以及储能的容量等。此外,也可以考虑结合电网某些评估变量(如网损、环境效益等)来共同确定最佳的优化目标。同时,系统中各种设备还需要满足各种运行约束和系统约束,整个微网优化设计问题可以转化为多目标优化模型,采用合适的求解算法如解析法、智能进化类算法等进行求解,得到相应的全部或局部最优解。The installation location and rated capacity of diesel generators, wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays will affect the system short-circuit current, voltage distribution of the distribution network, voltage stability and so on. Reasonable generator installation position and set capacity can effectively improve distribution network voltage, reduce system active network loss, and increase system load rate. Therefore, in the present invention, the optimization variables selectable when performing the optimization calculation include the number, location, and capacity of the diesel generator, the wind power generator, and the photovoltaic power generation array. In addition, it is also possible to consider certain evaluation variables (such as network loss, environmental benefits, etc.) in conjunction with the grid to jointly determine the best optimization goals. At the same time, various equipments in the system also need to meet various operational constraints and system constraints. The whole micro-network optimization design problem can be transformed into multi-objective optimization model, and the appropriate solving algorithms such as analytical method and intelligent evolutionary algorithm are used to solve the problem. Corresponding all or partial optimal solutions.
本发明中,发电设备包括柴油发电机、风力发电机和光伏发电阵列。柴油发电机组是一种小型发电设备,以柴油等为燃料,以柴油机为原动机带动发电机发电的动力机械。柴油发电机组属非连续运行发电设备,若连续运行超过12小时,其输出功率将低于额定功率约90%。风力发电机组包括风力机、齿轮箱、发电机、背靠背变流器及其控制单元、调向机构、制动机构、塔架等,其中风力机和发电机是主要的能量转换部件。目前风力发电机主要包括双馈型和直驱型两种,这两种风力发电机均能够实现变速恒频和功率的解耦控制,差别在于变流器容量和系统拓扑结构上,直驱型风电系统中多采用永磁同步发电机,其变流器容量和发电机容量相当,系统无齿轮箱;双馈型的风电系统中采用双馈感应发电机,其变流器容量仅为转差率倍(约为0.3倍)的发电机容量,系统有齿轮箱。光伏发电系统由光伏发电阵列和光伏并网逆变器组成,光伏发电阵列的输出功率受日照强度、发电板结 温等因素的影响,因此需要对最大功率点进行跟踪,此外,光伏发电阵列输出为直流电,在本发明中将光伏阵列通过逆变器(DC/AC变换器)连接到交流微网的微电网交流母线上,将光伏阵列产生的直流电能转变成交流电能给负荷供电。In the present invention, the power generation equipment includes a diesel generator, a wind power generator, and a photovoltaic power generation array. The diesel generator set is a kind of small-scale power generation equipment. It uses diesel fuel as the fuel and diesel engine as the prime mover to drive the generator to generate electricity. The diesel generator set is a non-continuous operation power generation equipment. If it is continuously operated for more than 12 hours, its output power will be lower than the rated power by about 90%. Wind turbines include wind turbines, gearboxes, generators, back-to-back converters and their control units, steering mechanisms, brake mechanisms, towers, etc., where wind turbines and generators are the main energy conversion components. At present, wind turbines mainly include two types of doubly-fed and direct-drive types. Both wind turbines can realize decoupling control of variable-speed constant frequency and power. The difference lies in converter capacity and system topology, direct drive type. Permanent magnet synchronous generators are used in wind power systems. The converter capacity and generator capacity are equivalent. The system has no gearbox. The doubly-fed wind power system uses doubly-fed induction generators. The converter capacity is only slip. The generator capacity is doubled (about 0.3 times) and the system has a gearbox. The photovoltaic power generation system is composed of photovoltaic power generation array and photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. The output power of the photovoltaic power generation array is affected by factors such as sunshine intensity and junction temperature of the power generation board. Therefore, the maximum power point needs to be tracked. In addition, the output of the photovoltaic power generation array is In the present invention, the photovoltaic array is connected to the microgrid AC bus of the AC microgrid through an inverter (DC/AC converter), and the DC power generated by the PV array is converted into AC power to supply power to the load.
本发明中,储能装置是该交流微电网系统中非常关键的设备。因为风能和太阳能的随机性和间歇性,使得风力发电和光伏发电难以实时和负荷的需求平衡,在交流微电网系统中加入储能装置,可以快速平滑风电、光伏和负荷变化等造成的功率波动。储能装置有多种,蓄电池和超级电容是常见的两种。蓄电池作为微网中主要的储能设备,具有制造成本低、生产技术成熟、能量转化效率高等特点。根据工作性质和储存方式划分,蓄电池可以分为铅酸电池、铅晶蓄电池、镍镉蓄电池、锂电池等。其中铅酸电池中常用的时阀控型铅酸蓄电池常用于短时间内提供大功率的场所,具有工作电压平稳、结构简单,内阻小,启动性能好,价格较低的优点;超级电容器(supercapacitor)又名双电层电容器(Electrical Doule-Layer Capacitor),是一种电化学元件,通过极化电解质来储能。超级电容器在储能过程中并不发生化学反应,这种储能过程是可逆的,因此它可以进行数十万次的循环充电。具有电容的大电流快速充放电特性,同时也有电池的储能特性,放电时利用移动导体间的电子释放电流,从而为设备供电。超级电容器具有体积小、容量打、充电速度快(10秒充电能够达到额定容量的95%),过电压不击穿,充放电电路简单等特点。因此可以作为微网内部功率型储能单元,平滑网内功率波动。基于上述两种储能设备的优点,本发明选取蓄电池和超级电容作为储能装置。In the present invention, the energy storage device is a very critical device in the AC microgrid system. Because of the randomness and intermittent nature of wind and solar energy, wind power and photovoltaic power generation are difficult to balance the demand of real-time and load. Adding energy storage devices to the AC microgrid system can quickly smooth power fluctuations caused by wind power, photovoltaics and load changes. . There are many types of energy storage devices, and batteries and super capacitors are two common types. As the main energy storage equipment in the microgrid, the battery has the characteristics of low manufacturing cost, mature production technology and high energy conversion efficiency. According to the nature of work and storage methods, batteries can be divided into lead-acid batteries, lead-crystal batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium batteries and so on. Among them, the valve-regulated lead-acid battery commonly used in lead-acid batteries is often used in places where high power is provided in a short time, and has the advantages of stable working voltage, simple structure, small internal resistance, good starting performance and low price; supercapacitor ( Supercapacitor, also known as Electrical Doule-Layer Capacitor, is an electrochemical component that stores energy by polarizing an electrolyte. Supercapacitors do not undergo chemical reactions during energy storage. This energy storage process is reversible, so it can perform hundreds of thousands of cycles of charging. The large current with capacitor has a fast charge and discharge characteristic, and also has the energy storage characteristics of the battery. When discharging, the electrons are released from the moving conductor to supply power to the device. The supercapacitor has the characteristics of small size, capacity, fast charging speed (95% of rated capacity can be achieved in 10 seconds of charging), over-voltage is not broken down, and the charging and discharging circuit is simple. Therefore, it can be used as an internal power type energy storage unit of the microgrid to smooth power fluctuations in the network. Based on the advantages of the above two energy storage devices, the present invention selects a battery and a super capacitor as the energy storage device.
综上所述,本发明风光柴储智能交流微电网系统:In summary, the present invention is a smart electric storage micro-grid system:
1、将风力发电机、光伏发电阵列、柴油发电机、储能装置、负荷和微网能量管理平台实现互联,可以实现并网运行,也可以独立运行,并且可以实现二者之间的无缝切换。并网时微电网的电压、频率、相角和相序应与电网的相匹配,两者上述参数偏差满足:电压偏差△U在±10%以内,频率偏差△f在±0.4Hz以内,△δ在±10°以内。1. Connect wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, diesel generators, energy storage devices, loads and microgrid energy management platforms to achieve grid-connected operation, independent operation, and seamless integration between the two. Switch. When the grid is connected, the voltage, frequency, phase angle and phase sequence of the microgrid should be matched with the grid. The deviation of the above parameters is satisfied: the voltage deviation ΔU is within ±10%, and the frequency deviation Δf is within ±0.4 Hz. δ is within ±10°.
2、并网运行时微电网与主电网并网点处的有功功率和无功功率大小和方向可控可调;独立运行时能根据负荷的变化不断调节微电源的有功和无功输出,维持母线频率和电压在规定的范围内。2. The active power and reactive power at the grid connection point of the microgrid and the main power grid are controllable and adjustable when connected to the grid. During independent operation, the active and reactive outputs of the micro power supply can be continuously adjusted according to the change of the load to maintain the busbar. The frequency and voltage are within the specified range.
3、通过DC/DC变换器、DC/AC变换器以及AC/DC/AC变换器作为电力电子能量转换设备将风力发电机、光伏电池阵列、柴油发电机和储能装置连接到微电网交流母线上,实现电源与负荷之间的功率平衡。3. Connect wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, diesel generators and energy storage devices to the microgrid AC bus by DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter and AC/DC/AC converter as power electronic energy conversion equipment On, the power balance between the power supply and the load is achieved.
4、配备微网能量管理平台,具备能量管理和调度的功能,可以快速平滑风电、光伏和负荷变化等造成的功率波动。4, equipped with micro-grid energy management platform, with energy management and scheduling functions, can quickly smooth power fluctuations caused by wind power, photovoltaic and load changes.
5、微网中的电能质量指标主要有:谐波和波形畸变、电压波动和闪变、直流注入、电压不平衡度、电压偏差、频率。上述指标符合我国电能质量相关标准中的相应规定GB/T 12325-2008,GB/T 14549-1993,GB/T 15945-2008,GB/T 12326-2008,GB/T 15543-2008。5. The power quality indicators in the microgrid mainly include: harmonic and waveform distortion, voltage fluctuation and flicker, DC injection, voltage imbalance, voltage deviation, and frequency. The above indicators are in line with the corresponding provisions in China's power quality standards GB/T 12325-2008, GB/T 14549-1993, GB/T 15945-2008, GB/T 12326-2008, GB/T 15543-2008.
6、可以配置专用的继电保护装置;将接入微电网的负荷、发电机和储能装置的工作状态进行实时监测、显示和记录,具有本地监控和远程监控两种方式。6, can be configured with a dedicated relay protection device; real-time monitoring, display and recording of the load, generator and energy storage device access to the microgrid, with local monitoring and remote monitoring.
要说明的是,以上所述实施例是对本发明技术方案的说明而非限制,所属技术领域普通技术人员的等同替换或者根据现有技术而做的其他修改,只要没超出本发明技术方案的思路和范围,均应包含在本发明所要求的权利范围之内。It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are illustrative and not limiting of the technical solutions of the present invention, and equivalent replacements by other persons skilled in the art or other modifications according to the prior art, as long as the technical solutions of the present invention are not exceeded. And the scope should be included in the scope of the claims as claimed.
Claims (7)
- 风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,其特征在于:包括风力发电机、光伏发电阵列、柴油发电机、储能装置、负荷和微网能量管理平台,The wind and light diesel intelligent exchange micro-grid system is characterized by: wind power generator, photovoltaic power generation array, diesel generator, energy storage device, load and micro-grid energy management platform,其中,所述风力发电机的电能输出端连接AC/DC/AC变换器的交流电源输入端,所述光伏发电阵列的电能输出端连接DC/AC变换器的输入端,所述柴油发电机的电能输出端连接微电网交流母线;Wherein the power output end of the wind power generator is connected to an AC power input end of the AC/DC/AC converter, and the power output end of the photovoltaic power generation array is connected to an input end of the DC/AC converter, the diesel generator The power output terminal is connected to the micro grid AC bus;所述AC/DC/AC变换器的输出端的输出端接入微电网交流母线,光伏发电阵列连接的DC/AC变换器的输出端接入微电网交流母线;The output end of the output end of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the micro-grid AC bus, and the output end of the DC/AC converter connected to the photovoltaic power generation array is connected to the micro-grid AC bus;所述储能装置的电能输出端连接DC/DC变换器的输入端,所述DC/DC变换器的输出端接入直流母线,所述直流母线的电能输出端连接DC/AC变换器的输入端,所述DC/AC变换器的输出端接入微电网交流母线;The power output end of the energy storage device is connected to the input end of the DC/DC converter, the output end of the DC/DC converter is connected to the DC bus, and the power output end of the DC bus is connected to the input of the DC/AC converter. End, the output of the DC/AC converter is connected to the micro-grid AC bus;所述微电网交流母线通过并网开关连接公共连接点PCC,所述微电网交流母线连接负荷和微网能量管理平台;所述微网能量管理平台还与风力发电机、光伏发电阵列、柴油发电机和储能装置连接,实现信息传输。The micro-grid AC bus is connected to a common connection point PCC through a grid-connected switch, the micro-grid AC bus connection load and a micro-grid energy management platform; the micro-grid energy management platform is also connected with a wind power generator, a photovoltaic power generation array, and a diesel power generation The machine is connected to the energy storage device to realize information transmission.
- 根据权利要求1所述的风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,其特征在于:所述DC/DC变换器的左侧接直流母线,所述DC/DC变换器的右侧接储能装置,所述DC/DC变换器还与双向DC/DC变换器控制器连接,双向DC/DC变换器控制器对DC/DC变换器实现PWM控制。The wind power diesel intelligent AC microgrid system according to claim 1, wherein a DC bus of the DC/DC converter is connected to the DC bus, and a right side of the DC/DC converter is connected to the energy storage device. The DC/DC converter is also connected to a bidirectional DC/DC converter controller, and the bidirectional DC/DC converter controller implements PWM control for the DC/DC converter.
- 根据权利要求1所述的风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,其特征在于:所述DC/AC变换器的左侧接微电网交流母线,所述DC/AC变换器的右侧接光伏发电阵列的输出,实现直流到交流的变换以及功率点跟踪,所述DC/AC变换器还与DC/AC变换器控制器连接,DC/AC变换器控制器对DC/AC变换器实现PWM控制。The wind power diesel intelligent AC microgrid system according to claim 1, wherein the left side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the micro grid AC bus, and the right side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the photovoltaic array. The output is DC-to-AC conversion and power point tracking. The DC/AC converter is also connected to a DC/AC converter controller, and the DC/AC converter controller implements PWM control for the DC/AC converter.
- 根据权利要求1所述的风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,其特征在于:所述AC/DC/AC变换器分为机侧变流器和网侧变流器,机侧变流器用于控制发电机有功功率和无功功率,网侧变流器用于控制微电网交流母线电压;所述AC/DC/AC变换器的左侧接微电网交流母线,所述AC/DC/AC变换器的右侧接风力发电机。The wind power diesel intelligent AC microgrid system according to claim 1, wherein the AC/DC/AC converter is divided into a machine side converter and a grid side converter, and the machine side converter is used for control. Generator active power and reactive power, grid side converter is used to control the micro grid AC bus voltage; the left side of the AC/DC/AC converter is connected to the micro grid AC bus, the AC/DC/AC converter Connect the wind turbine to the right.
- 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,其特征在于:所述微网能量管理平台包括电力市场电价信息采集模块、微网能量管理平台信息处理模块、环境参数采集模块、微网优化计算控制模块、负荷预测模块和功率预测模块,其中,电力市场电价信息采集模块、环境参数采集模块的输出端与微网能量管理平台信息处理模块的输入端连接,负荷预测模块、功率预测模块的输出端与微网优化计算控制模块的输入端连接,微网能量管理平台信息处理模块与微网优化计算控制模块双向连接;微网优化计算控制模块的输出端还连接风力发电机、柴油发电机、光伏发电陈列、储能装置和负荷,风力发电机、柴油发电机、光伏发电阵列和储能装置均与功率预测模块的输入端连接,负荷与负荷预测模块的输入端连接;微网能量管理平台还与配电网信息中心双向通讯连接,配电网信息中心的输出端还与电力市场电价信息采集模块连接。The wind and light storage intelligent exchange microgrid system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the microgrid energy management platform comprises a power market electricity price information collection module, a microgrid energy management platform information processing module, and an environment. The parameter acquisition module, the micro network optimization calculation control module, the load prediction module and the power prediction module, wherein the output of the electricity market electricity price information collection module and the environmental parameter acquisition module is connected with the input end of the information processing module of the microgrid energy management platform, the load The output of the prediction module and the power prediction module is connected to the input end of the micro-network optimization calculation control module, and the information processing module of the micro-network energy management platform is bidirectionally connected with the micro-network optimization calculation control module; the output of the micro-network optimization calculation control module is also connected. Wind turbines, diesel generators, photovoltaic power generation displays, energy storage devices and loads, wind turbines, diesel generators, photovoltaic arrays and energy storage devices are all connected to the input of the power prediction module, the input of the load and load prediction module End connection; microgrid energy management platform and distribution network Message center connected to two-way communication, the output of distribution network connected to the information center further electricity market price information collection module.
- 根据权利要求5所述的风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,其特征在于:所述风力发电机包括双馈型风力发电机和直驱型风力发电机。The wind power diesel intelligent AC microgrid system according to claim 5, wherein the wind power generator comprises a doubly-fed wind power generator and a direct drive wind power generator.
- 根据权利要求5所述的风光柴储智能交流微电网系统,其特征在于:所述储能装置为蓄电池和超级电容中的一种或多种。The wind and light diesel intelligent AC microgrid system according to claim 5, wherein the energy storage device is one or more of a battery and a super capacitor.
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