WO2019176505A1 - 211At標識化アミノ酸誘導体を含む医薬組成物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
211At標識化アミノ酸誘導体を含む医薬組成物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019176505A1 WO2019176505A1 PCT/JP2019/006800 JP2019006800W WO2019176505A1 WO 2019176505 A1 WO2019176505 A1 WO 2019176505A1 JP 2019006800 W JP2019006800 W JP 2019006800W WO 2019176505 A1 WO2019176505 A1 WO 2019176505A1
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/0404—Lipids, e.g. triglycerides; Polycationic carriers
- A61K51/0406—Amines, polyamines, e.g. spermine, spermidine, amino acids, (bis)guanidines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
- C07B59/004—Acyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/05—Isotopically modified compounds, e.g. labelled
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing an amino acid derivative labeled with 211 At and a method for producing the same.
- LAT1 L-type amino acid transporter 1
- LAT1 L-type amino acid transporter 1
- transporters that are membrane proteins necessary for intracellular uptake of neutral branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids containing many essential amino acids Transporters are known to act as amino acid uptake ports for cancer cells.
- this LAT1 is not present in normal cells in most tissues, it is specifically expressed in cancer cells and is responsible for supplying amino acids as nutrients in cancer tissues (Non-patent Document 1).
- LAT1 inhibitors have been developed that inhibit the function of LAT1 that is specifically expressed in such cancer cells, thereby inducing nutrient starvation specifically for cancer and reducing the size of cancer tissue.
- LAT1 inhibitors are compatible with various cancer types and have wide efficacy, but on the other hand, they have a short half-life in the body and induce nutrient starvation of cancer cells, so it is necessary to administer them continuously for a certain period of time. There was also a problem that there was.
- ⁇ -methyltyrosine is known to be an amino acid that is taken up more in cancer cell-specific LAT1 than the normal cell amino acid transporter. Since it has LAT1 affinity, fluoro- ⁇ -methyltyrosine labeled with ⁇ -methyltyrosine with 18 F has been conventionally used as a contrast probe for PET (Positron Emission Tomography) (positron emission tomography) ( Non-patent document 2).
- nuclides that are less permeable than ⁇ -rays and emit high-energy ⁇ -rays minimizes the impact on normal tissues and has high cell killing ability to target cancer cells. Effective treatment can be expected.
- therapeutic agents using such ⁇ -ray emitting nuclides have problems such as production technology of ⁇ -ray nuclides themselves and stability of compounds, and the practical use is not yet sufficient.
- an object of the present invention is to develop a compound that exhibits high accumulation in cancer cells and that can emit ⁇ rays, and to provide a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer containing the compound. To do. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing such a compound.
- a pharmaceutical composition for cancer treatment comprising a compound having a structure in which 211 At is introduced as a substituent to an amino acid derivative having affinity for amino acid transporter LAT1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
- the compound is one or more compounds having a structure represented by the following formula (I): Wherein L is a direct bond or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 5 alkylene group; M is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; R 1 may be a hydrogen atom or a substituted atom.
- a good C 1 -C 5 alkyl group; R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, a C 6 -C 14 aryl group or a C 7 -C 16 arylalkyl group; and R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group.
- a stabilizer for enhancing the in vivo stability of the compound comprising a stabilizer for enhancing the in vivo stability of the compound, wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, alkali metal ascorbate and alkali metal earth ascorbate ⁇ 1> to the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of ⁇ 6>; ⁇ 8> The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of the above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, further comprising a probe compound capable of detecting cancer tissue; ⁇ 9> The pharmaceutical composition according to ⁇ 7>, wherein the probe compound capable of detecting the cancer tissue is a probe compound for positron tomography (PET); and ⁇ 9> affinity for the amino acid transporter LAT1
- PET positron tomography
- a kit comprising a compound having a structure in which 211 At is introduced as a substituent to an amino acid derivative having a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and ascorbic acid or ascorbate. Is to provide.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing an amino acid derivative labeled with 211 At. ⁇ 11>
- step A) a compound represented by the following formula (Ia): (In the formula, L, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined in the above formula (I).)
- B) A step of adding a halide comprising 211 At and a halogen element other than astatine to the precursor compound represented by the formula (Ib-1) or the formula (Ib-2) obtained in the step A);
- C) The production method comprising the step
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION it has the specific and high accumulation property with respect to a cancer cell, and can treat a cancer cell by the radiation
- the radionuclide such as 131 I used for existing cancer treatment has a longer half-life and emits beta rays having a long flight distance, whereas 211 At used in the present invention has a half-life of 7 It is excellent in that it can have more specific cell killing ability and has less adverse effect on normal cells because it specifically emits alpha rays with a short flight distance of 2 hours.
- LAT1 itself is hardly expressed in normal cells, it can be said that the possibility of side effects is negligible.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered to patients with pancreatic cancer, leukemia and the like by oral or injection administration, thereby treating the affected area by irradiation with ⁇ rays emitted by 211 At selectively accumulated in the affected area. Therefore, it is useful for nuclear medicine treatment of refractory cancer and advanced cancer that is refractory to surgery. Since ⁇ -ray cell killing ability is about 100 times that of ⁇ -ray, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention using 211 At induces nutritional starvation of cancer cells in that tumor regression can be expected with a single administration. It can be said that it is superior to conventional LAT1 inhibitors.
- FIG. 1 is an image showing the stability of 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compound in the presence and absence of ascorbic acid (211 At-AAMT).
- FIG. 2 is an image showing the stability of radioactivity in blood and urine after 1 hr of normal rats (2 rats) intravenously injected with 211 At-AAMT (ascorbic acid added).
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the biodistribution of major organs when 211 At-AAMT is intravenously administered to normal mice with or without ascorbic acid.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the accumulation of 211 At-AAMT against a human pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1).
- FIG. 5 is a graph comparing 211 At-AAMT cancer cell accumulation in the presence and absence of ascorbic acid.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the cytocidal effect of 211 At-AAMT on human pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1).
- FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the cell killing effect of 211 At-AAMT in the presence and absence of ascorbic acid.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change in tumor size (FIG. 8A) and the change in body weight (FIG. 8B) of cancer-bearing mice administered with 211 At-AAMT.
- FIG. 9 is a SPECT imaging image of 211 At-AAMT (ascorbic acid added, 1 MBq each intravenous injection) of pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) transplanted mice (2 mice).
- FIG. 10 is a SPECT imaging image (20 min to 1 hr) of 211 At-AAMT (no ascorbic acid added, 1 MBq IV) in normal rats.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the number of nodules when 211 At-AAMT is added to melanoma cell (B16) transplanted mice.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing changes in body weight when 211 At-AAMT was added to melanoma cell (B16) transplanted mice.
- the “alkyl or alkyl group” may be any of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group composed of a straight chain, a branched chain, a ring, or a combination thereof.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited. For example, the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 20 (C 1-20 ), the number of carbons is 1 to 15 (C 1 to 15 ), and the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 10 (C 1 to 10).
- the alkyl group may have one or more arbitrary substituents.
- C 1-8 alkyl includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neo-pentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl and the like are included.
- substituents examples include an alkoxy group, a halogen atom (which may be a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom), an amino group, a mono- or di-substituted amino group, a substituted silyl group, or Although acyl etc. can be mentioned, it is not limited to these.
- the alkyl group has two or more substituents, they may be the same or different. The same applies to the alkyl part of other substituents containing an alkyl part (for example, an alkoxy group, an arylalkyl group, etc.).
- alkylene is a divalent group consisting of a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon, such as methylene, 1-methylmethylene, 1,1-dimethylmethylene, ethylene, 1-methylethylene, 1-ethylethylene, 1,1-dimethylethylene, 1,2-dimethylethylene, 1,1-diethylethylene, 1,2-diethylethylene, 1-ethyl-2-methylethylene, trimethylene, 1 -Methyltrimethylene, 2-methyltrimethylene, 1,1-dimethyltrimethylene, 1,2-dimethyltrimethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, 1-ethyltrimethylene, 2-ethyltrimethylene, 1,1 -Diethyltrimethylene, 1,2-diethyltrimethylene, 2,2-diethyltrimethylene, 2-ethyl-2-methyltrime Len, tetramethylene, 1-methyltetramethylene, 2-methyltetramethylene, 1,1-dimethyltetramethylene, 1,2-d
- the “aryl or aryl group” may be either a monocyclic or condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a hetero atom (for example, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, Or a sulfur atom or the like). In this case, it may be referred to as “heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic”. Whether aryl is a single ring or a fused ring, it can be attached at all possible positions. In the present specification, an aryl group may have one or more arbitrary substituents on the ring.
- substituents examples include, but are not limited to, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, an amino group, a mono- or di-substituted amino group, a substituted silyl group, and acyl.
- the aryl group has two or more substituents, they may be the same or different. The same applies to the aryl moiety of other substituents containing the aryl moiety (for example, an aryloxy group and an arylalkyl group).
- arylalkyl represents alkyl substituted with the above aryl.
- the arylalkyl may have one or more arbitrary substituents.
- substituents include, but are not limited to, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, an amino group, a mono- or di-substituted amino group, a substituted silyl group, and an acyl group.
- the acyl group may be the same or different.
- arylalkylbenzyl, p-methoxybenzyl and the like are examples of the substituents.
- a functional group when a functional group is defined as “may be substituted”, the type of substituent, the position of substitution, and the number of substituents are not particularly limited, and two or more When they have a substituent, they may be the same or different.
- the substituent group include, but are not limited to, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, a sulfo group, an amino group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, and an oxo group. These substituents may further have a substituent. Examples of such include, but are not limited to, a halogenated alkyl group.
- a specific substituent can form a ring structure with another substituent, and when such substituents are bonded to each other, those skilled in the art will recognize a specific substituent, for example, hydrogen. It can be understood that the bonds are formed. Therefore, when it is described that specific substituents together form a ring structure, those skilled in the art can understand that the ring structure can be formed by an ordinary chemical reaction and can be easily generated. Both such ring structures and their process of formation are within the purview of those skilled in the art. Moreover, the said heterocyclic structure may have arbitrary substituents on the ring.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises a compound having a structure in which 211 At is introduced as a substituent into an amino acid derivative having affinity for the amino acid transporter LAT1 (in this specification, “ 211 At-labeled amino acid”). Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- LAT1 is a kind of amino acid transporter that is a membrane protein necessary for intracellular uptake of neutral branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids, and has been shown to be specifically expressed in cancer. LAT1 is responsible for supplying amino acids as nutrients in cancer tissues.
- amino acid derivative having affinity for LAT1 means an amino acid derivative that can be incorporated into LAT1, and more preferably LAT1 rather than an amino acid transporter (eg, LAT2) in normal cells. It is an amino acid derivative that has the property of being easily incorporated into.
- the amino acid derivative having affinity for LAT1 is preferably an aromatic amino acid derivative, and typical examples include tyrosine derivatives such as ⁇ -methyltyrosine.
- 211 At is a radioisotope of astatine (At), which is an element belonging to halogen.
- the 211 At emits high-energy ⁇ -rays that are cell-killing and disintegrate into stable lead ( 207 Pb).
- the half-life of 211 At is 7.2 hours. That is, since 211 At is short-lived and has high cell killing ability, it is possible to efficiently destroy cancer tissue by labeling the 211 At as a substituent and guiding it to the affected area.
- By labeling such 211 At as a substituent on the LAT1 affinity compound it can be accumulated specifically in cancer cells expressing LAT1 and irradiated with ⁇ -rays. Since it is not expressed in normal cells, it is possible to provide a therapeutic effect that there is almost no risk of side effects.
- the “compound having a structure in which 211 At is introduced as a substituent into an amino acid derivative having affinity for the amino acid transporter LAT1” has a structure represented by the following formula (I).
- the compound represented by the formula (I) has tyrosine as a basic skeleton.
- the compound represented by the formula (I) may be used alone, or in a preferred embodiment, two or more kinds of the compounds represented by the formula (I) may be used in combination.
- L is a direct bond or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 5 alkylene group
- M is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom
- R 1 may be a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted group.
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, a C 6 -C 14 aryl group or a C 7 -C 16 arylalkyl group
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group.
- L is a direct bond
- R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 -C 5 alkyl group
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 5 alkyl group
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom.
- the halogen atom in M is preferably I (iodine) or Br (bromine), more preferably I.
- M is a hydrogen atom or I.
- 211 At-L can be present at any position on the benzene ring, but is preferably in the ortho position relative to the OH group. More preferably, 211 At-L is ortho to the OH group on the benzene ring and is meta to the side chain (the linking group to the moiety having R 1 , COOR 2 , and NHR 3 ). Can be a place.
- M can be present at any position on the benzene ring (any position other than where 211 At-L and the OH group are present), but is preferably in the ortho position relative to the OH group. And can be meta to 211 At-L (in this case, meta to the side chain).
- amino acid derivative compound represented by the formula (1) examples include, but are not limited to, the following compounds (also referred to herein as “ 211 At-AMT”). This compound has 211 At introduced directly onto the benzene ring of ⁇ -methyltyrosine.
- non-limiting specific examples of the amino acid derivative compound represented by the formula (1) can include the following compounds (also referred to as “ 211 At-AIAMT” in the present specification): Say.).
- the compound that was introduced directly 211 At on the benzene ring of the ⁇ - methyl tyrosine is similar to the 211 At-AAMT, in addition, in ortho-position to the OH group, and 211 At It has a structure in which a halogen atom M is introduced at the meta position with respect to -L.
- M is I or Br.
- 211 At-AAMT and 211 At-AIAMT can be used singly or in combination of these two compounds.
- the 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compounds used in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
- Such salts are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include base addition salts, acid addition salts, amino acid salts and the like.
- Examples of the base addition salt include, for example, alkaline earth metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, ammonium salt, or organic amine salts such as triethylamine salt, piperidine salt, morpholine salt
- Examples of the acid addition salt include mineral acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate; methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, propionate, Organic acid salts such as tartaric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, cinnamic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, glucuronic acid, ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, salicylic acid Can be mentioned.
- Examples of amino acid salts include glycine salt, aspart
- the 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compound used in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be D-form or L-form, and preferably L-form.
- the 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compound may have one or more asymmetric carbons depending on the type of substituent, and there are stereoisomers such as optical isomers or diastereoisomers. There is a case. Pure forms of stereoisomers, any mixture of stereoisomers, racemates, and the like are all within the scope of the present invention.
- the 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof used in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may exist as a hydrate or a solvate, and any of these substances may be present in the present invention. It is included in the range.
- solvents such as ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, can be illustrated.
- composition of the present invention comprises a 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- composition means not only a product containing an active ingredient and an inactive ingredient (pharmaceutically acceptable excipient) constituting a carrier, but also an association of any two or more ingredients. Any production that occurs directly or indirectly as a result of complexation or aggregation, or as a result of the dissociation of one or more components, or as a result of another type of reaction or interaction of one or more components Also includes things.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain a combination of two or more kinds of compounds corresponding to “ 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compound”.
- the pharmaceutical composition is a pharmaceutical composition used for cancer treatment.
- the cancer targeted by the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a cancer cell expressing LAT1, and includes any malignant tumor.
- pancreatic cancer leukemia (including both myeloid leukemia and lymphocytic leukemia), melanoma (malignant melanoma), colon cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, Mention may be made of esophageal cancer, liver cancer, lymphoma, myeloma, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, childhood cancer, childhood leukemia or brain tumor.
- it can be used for intractable cancer and advanced cancer that is difficult to undergo surgical treatment.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention stabilizes the bond between 211 At and a carbon atom, and suppresses the decomposition of the compound.
- a stabilizer may be further included for the purpose of enhancing the stability in the process.
- Such stabilizers can typically be compounds having a reducing action, such as ascorbic acid, alkali metal ascorbate, alkali metal earth ascorbate, cysteine, glutathione, gentisic acid, glucose Etc.
- Preferable is ascorbic acid, alkali metal ascorbate, or alkaline metal earth ascorbate, and more preferable is ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate.
- the compound is stably present for a long time as described above.
- a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can further contain a probe compound capable of detecting cancer tissue.
- a probe compound capable of detecting cancer tissue.
- a probe compound is a positron tomography (PET) probe compound.
- PET positron tomography
- the probe compound for PET PET agent
- those known in the art can be used, and for example, a PET agent labeled with fluorine ( 18 F) can be used.
- a 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compound capable of treating ⁇ -rays and a probe compound capable of detecting cancer tissue the arrival of the drug at the affected area or the condition of the affected area after administration is monitored simultaneously with the treatment. be able to.
- the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is a pharmaceutical for oral administration in the form of granules, fine granules, powders, hard capsules, soft capsules, syrups, emulsions, suspensions or liquids.
- Parenterals in the form of compositions injections for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, drops, transdermal absorbents, transmucosal absorbents, nasal drops, inhalants, suppositories, etc. It can be prepared as a pharmaceutical composition for administration. These preparations can be prepared according to a conventional method. Preferably, it is a liquid formulation for oral administration or injection.
- Such a liquid preparation is prepared by dissolving the 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compound of the present invention in water, but it may be dissolved in physiological saline or a glucose solution as necessary, and a buffer or preservative may be added. It may be added. Moreover, as above-mentioned, reducing agents, such as ascorbic acid, can further be contained. In particular, in order to produce injections, active ingredients are adjusted to pH, such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, lactose, lactic acid, sodium, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, glucose as necessary.
- pH such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, lactose, lactic acid, sodium, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, glucose as necessary.
- an isotonic agent such as aseptically filter and fill ampoules, or add mannitol, dextrin, cyclodextrin, gelatin, etc.
- reticine, polysorbate 80, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, etc. may be added to the active ingredient and emulsified in water to give an emulsion for injection.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately select the type of pharmaceutical additive used for the production of the pharmaceutical composition, the ratio of the pharmaceutical additive to the active ingredient, or the method for producing the pharmaceutical composition depending on the form of the composition. It is.
- the additive for preparation an inorganic or organic substance, or a solid or liquid substance can be used, and generally it can be blended in an amount of 1 to 90% by weight based on the weight of the active ingredient.
- the dosage and number of administrations of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are not particularly limited, and the purpose of prevention and / or progression of the disease to be treated and / or treatment, the type of the disease, the weight and age of the patient, the severity of the disease, etc. Depending on the condition, it is possible to make an appropriate selection according to the judgment of the doctor.
- it may be in the form of a kit containing the 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative compound of the present invention and a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid or ascorbate.
- a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid or ascorbate.
- it is used in the form of an aqueous solution in which the compound and a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid are mixed.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a 211 At-labeled amino acid derivative. More specifically, the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a compound represented by the above formula (I), and includes the following steps A) to C).
- Step A) is a step of obtaining a precursor in which an aromatic hydrocarbon-mercury bond is formed by adding a mercury compound to the amino acid derivative of the formula (Ia), which is a starting material not having 211 At.
- the mercury compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains mercury ions (Hg 2+ ).
- HgSO 4 or Hg (OAc) 2 can be used.
- Said step A) is preferably carried out under acidic conditions with the addition of sulfuric acid or the like.
- the precursor compounds represented by the formula (Ib-1) and the formula (Ib-2) can be prepared separately by changing the amount of the mercury compound used in the step A).
- the molar ratio [mercury compound / compound represented by formula (Ia)] is typically increased by increasing the molar ratio of the mercury compound to the raw material compound represented by formula (Ia).
- a precursor compound of the formula (Ib-2) in which mercury ions (Hg) are introduced at two positions on the benzene ring can be generated.
- the precursor compounds of the formula (Ib-1) and the formula (Ib-2) may be produced together, but it falls under the formula (I) through the subsequent steps B) and C). Such a process is acceptable as long as the compound is produced.
- This reaction is a reaction in which 211 At is introduced by substituting Hg + in formula (Ib) using a halide ion as a carrier.
- 211 At used in step B) can be obtained from bismuth (Bi) using an accelerator (cyclotron). More specifically, bismuth is irradiated with helium particles accelerated to 28 MeV or higher by a cyclotron, 211 At is generated by a nuclear reaction of 209 Bi ( ⁇ , 2n) 211 At, and the collected 211 At is converted into water or an organic solvent. The 211 At stock solution obtained by dissolution can be used in the reaction of step B).
- an accelerator cyclotron
- the halide used in step B) is preferably triiodide. More preferably, an alkali metal triiodide salt such as KI 3 can be used. Further, after adding the triiodide, a corresponding monoiodide can be additionally added. For example, 211 At and KI 3 can be added simultaneously and stirred for a certain period of time before adding KI.
- Step C) is a step in which the reaction product obtained in Step B) is purified to obtain the compound represented by Formula (I). This is for removing by-products other than the desired compound of formula (I) in the product of step B).
- the purification in step C) is preferably performed by column chromatography using an ion exchange resin.
- the target product can be separated and purified by performing cation exchange column chromatography followed by anion exchange column chromatography.
- an ion exchange resin what is generally used in the said technical field can be used.
- a step of adding ascorbic acid or ascorbate after the purification in step C) can be further included.
- purification can be suppressed, and it can hold
- reaction conditions such as the solvent and reaction temperature in each step of the production method of the present invention described above are described in detail as typical examples in the examples described later, but are not necessarily limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can appropriately select each based on general knowledge in organic synthesis.
- the resulting reaction solution was desalted by passing through a cation column (Dowex TM 50Wx8 100-200 mesh, 0.2M NH 3 aqueous solution) and then an anion column (Dowex TM 1x8 50-100 mesh, 2% AcOH aqueous solution).
- a cation column (Dowex TM 50Wx8 100-200 mesh, 0.2M NH 3 aqueous solution)
- an anion column (Dowex TM 1x8 50-100 mesh, 2% AcOH aqueous solution).
- the following compound ( 211 At-AAMT) was obtained.
- the yield was 60-80%.
- At-labeled amino acid derivative compound (211 At-AIAMT) Synthesis (1) 211 similar to the procedure for the preparation above the At aqueous solution, radioactivity concentration was prepared 211 At aqueous solution of from about 5 MBq / ml.
- the resulting reaction solution was desalted by passing through a cation column (Dowex TM 50Wx8 100-200 mesh, 0.2M NH 3 aqueous solution) and then an anion column (Dowex TM 1x8 50-100 mesh, 2% AcOH aqueous solution).
- a cation column (Dowex TM 50Wx8 100-200 mesh, 0.2M NH 3 aqueous solution)
- an anion column (Dowex TM 1x8 50-100 mesh, 2% AcOH aqueous solution).
- the following compound ( 211 At-AIAMT) was obtained.
- the yield was 24.5-41.5%.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of measuring cellular uptake from the residual radiation dose in the cells.
- Tumor-bearing mice prepared using the human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 were intravenously administered with 0.6 MBq of 211 At-AAMT per mouse.
- the change in tumor size by administration is shown in FIG. 8 (A), and the change in body weight of cancer-bearing mice is shown in FIG. 8 (B).
- FIG. 8 (A) a tumor regression effect was obtained 7 days after administration.
- FIG. 8 (B) there was no substantial decrease in body weight even after 7 days of administration, and 211 At-AMT can provide a tumor regression effect without significant side effects. I understood that.
- At-AAMT was administered to normal rats, and as a result of image analysis of the localization in the body using a gamma camera, radioactivity was found to be rapidly excreted in the kidney because of accumulation in the kidney and surrounding organs. It was confirmed.
- At-AAMT pancreatic cancer mice
- Balb / c-nu / nu mice female, 5 weeks old
- Human pancreatic cancer cell PANC-1 (RIKEN cell bank) is put in RPMI1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich) with 10% fetal bovine serum (GIBCO) and 1% antibiotic (100x, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical). And adjusted to a concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / 100 ⁇ L.
- Imaging was performed using a gamma camera E-Cam (Siemens) (imaging time 10 minutes, collimator: Low Energy All Purpose, Pixel size: 1.2 mm ⁇ 1.2 mm, Matrix: 256 ⁇ 256, Zoom: Double, Energy (Window: 79 ⁇ 20%). The obtained results are shown in FIG.
- SPECT Imaging in Normal Rats 211 At-AMT (no ascorbic acid added, 1 MBq) was intravenously administered to normal rats (Wister, 3 months old, male, 3 animals, body weight 289.8 ⁇ 5.5 g), 20 minutes to 1 hour. Later, SPECT imaging was performed. Imaging was performed using a gamma camera E-Cam (Siemens) (imaging time: 20 minutes, collimator: Low Energy All Purpose, Pixel size: 2.4 mm ⁇ 2.4 mm ⁇ 2.4 mm (SPECT), Matrix: 128 ⁇ 128). The obtained result is shown in FIG.
- E-Cam Siemens
- the obtained number of nodules and weight change results are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, respectively.
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Abstract
Description
<1> アミノ酸トランスポーターLAT1に親和性を有するアミノ酸誘導体に211Atを置換基として導入した構造を有する化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む、がん治療用医薬組成物;
<2>前記化合物が以下の式(I)で表される構造を有する1種以上の化合物である、上記<1>に記載の医薬組成物;
<3> Lが、直接結合であり;Mは、水素原子又はハロゲン原子であり;R1が、置換されていてもよいC1-C5アルキル基であり;R2は、水素原子又はC1-C5のアルキル基であり;R3が、水素原子である、上記<2>に記載の医薬組成物;
<4>前記化合物が以下の構造を有する化合物のいずれか又はそれらの組み合わせである、上記<1>に記載の医薬組成物;
<5>前記がんが、LAT1の発現を伴うがんである、上記<1>~<4>のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物;
<6>前記がんが、すい臓がん、白血病、メラノーマ、大腸がん、肺がん、前立腺がん、胃がん、乳がん、腎臓がん、喉頭がん、食道がん、肝臓がん、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、頭頚部がん、卵巣がん、膀胱がん、小児がん、小児白血病又は脳腫瘍よりなる群から選択される、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
<7>前記化合物の生体内における安定性を高めるための安定剤をさらに含み、該安定剤がアスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸アルカリ金属塩及びアスコルビン酸アルカリ金属土類塩よりなる群から選択される、上記<1>~<6>のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物;
<8>がん組織を検出可能なプローブ化合物をさらに含む、上記<1>~<7>のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物;
<9>前記がん組織を検出可能なプローブ化合物が、ポジトロン断層撮影法(PET)用プローブ化合物である、上記<7>に記載の医薬組成物;及び
<9>アミノ酸トランスポーターLAT1に親和性を有するアミノ酸誘導体に211Atを置換基として導入した構造を有する化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩と;アスコルビン酸又はアスコルビン酸塩とを含む、キット。
を提供するものである。
<11>以下の式(I)で表される化合物の製造方法であって
以下の工程
A)以下の式(Ia)で表される化合物に、
水銀化合物を添加し、以下の式(Ib-1)又は式(Ib-2)で表される前駆体化合物を得る工程
B)前記工程A)で得られた式(Ib-1)又は式(Ib-2)で表される前駆体化合物に、211At、及びアスタチン以外のハロゲン元素よりなるハロゲン化物を添加する工程;
C)前記工程B)で得られた反応物を精製して、前記式(I)で表される化合物を得る工程
を含む、該製造方法;
<12>前記工程C)における精製の後に、アスコルビン酸又はアスコルビン酸塩を添加する工程をさらに含む、上記<11>に記載の製造方法;
<13>前記工程B)における前記ハロゲン化物が、三ヨウ化物である、上記<11>又は<12>に記載の製造方法;
<14>前記工程C)における精製が、イオン交換樹脂を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより行われる、上記<11>~<13>のいずれかに記載の製造方法;及び
<15>Lが単結合である、上記<11>~<14>のいずれかに記載の製造方法
を提供するものである。
本明細書中において、「アルキル又はアルキル基」は直鎖状、分枝鎖状、環状、又はそれらの組み合わせからなる脂肪族炭化水素基のいずれであってもよい。アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、例えば、炭素数1~20個(C1~20)、炭素数1~15個(C1~15)、炭素数1~10個(C1~10)である。本明細書において、アルキル基は任意の置換基を1個以上有していてもよい。例えば、C1~8アルキルには、メチル、エチル、n-プロピル、イソプロピル、n-ブチル、イソブチル、sec-ブチル、tert-ブチル、n-ペンチル、イソペンチル、neo-ペンチル、n-ヘキシル、イソヘキシル、n-ヘプチル、n-オクチル等が含まれる。該置換基としては、例えば、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、又はヨウ素原子のいずれであってもよい)、アミノ基、モノ若しくはジ置換アミノ基、置換シリル基、又はアシルなどを挙げることができるが、これらに限定されることはない。アルキル基が2個以上の置換基を有する場合には、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。アルキル部分を含む他の置換基(例えばアルコシ基、アリールアルキル基など)のアルキル部分についても同様である。
本発明の医薬組成物は、アミノ酸トランスポーターLAT1に親和性を有するアミノ酸誘導体に211Atを置換基として導入した構造を有する化合物(本明細書中では「211At標識化アミノ酸誘導体化合物」ともいう。)またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の医薬組成物は、211At標識化アミノ酸誘導体化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含むものである。ここで、「組成物」とは、活性成分と、担体を構成する不活性成分(医薬的に許容される賦形剤)とを含む生成物ばかりでなく、任意の2つ以上の成分の会合、複合体化もしくは凝集の結果として、または1つ以上の成分の解離の結果として、または1つ以上の成分の別のタイプの反応もしくは相互作用の結果として、直接もしくは間接的に生ずる任意の生成物も包含する。本発明の医薬組成物は、「211At標識化アミノ酸誘導体化合物」に該当する2種類以上の化合物の組み合わせを含むことができる。
別の態様において、本発明は、211At標識化アミノ酸誘導体の製造方法にも関する。より詳細には、本発明の製造方法は、上記式(I)で表される化合物の製造方法であって、以下の工程A)~C)を含むことを特徴とする。
以下の式(Ia)で表される化合物に、
水銀化合物を添加し、以下の式(Ib-1)又は式(Ib-2)で表される前駆体化合物を得る工程
工程B)は、前記工程A)で得られた式(Ib-1)又は式(Ib-2)で表される前駆体化合物に、211At、及びアスタチン以外のハロゲン元素よりなるハロゲン化物を添加する工程である。当該反応は、ハロゲン化物イオンをキャリアとして用い、式(Ib)におけるHg+に置換して211Atを導入する反応である。
工程C)は、前記工程B)で得られた反応物を精製して、前記式(I)で表される化合物を得る工程である。これは、工程B)の生成物中には、目的とする式(I)の化合物以外の副生成物を除去するためのものである。
(1)211At水溶液の調製
サイクロトロンで加速したヘリウム粒子(28MeV、1-2μA)をターゲット物質であるビスマスに照射し、209Bi(α、2n)211Atの核反応により、ターゲット物質中に211Atを生成させた。211Atを含むターゲット物質を、電熱器内で850℃に加熱して溶解し、蒸散した211Atを少量の水(0.1~2mL)に溶解して、放射能濃度が約5MBq/mlの211At水溶液を調製した。
α-メチル-L-チロシン(22μmol)及びHgSO4(20μmol)を、0.5mLのH2SO4水溶液(0.2M)に添加し、室温で2時間撹拌した。NaCl(45μmol)を反応溶液に添加し、5分間撹拌した。反応溶液に、上記(1)で得た211At水溶液(約5MBq/ml)を100μL、及び1M KI3を5μL添加し、30分間撹拌した。その後、KIを、懸濁溶液が透明になるまで適量添加し、反応を終了させた。得られた反応溶液を陽イオンカラム(DowexTM 50Wx8 100-200メッシュ、0.2M NH3水溶液)、次いで陰イオンカラム(DowexTM 1x8 50-100メッシュ、2%AcOH水溶液)に通して脱塩し、以下の化合物(211At-AAMT)を得た。収率は60~80%であった。
(1)211At水溶液の調製
上記の手順と同様に、放射能濃度が約5MBq/mlの211At水溶液を調製した。
α-メチル-L-チロシン(22μmol)及びHgSO4(100μmol)を、0.5mLのH2SO4水溶液(0.2M)に添加し、室温で2時間撹拌した。NaCl(45μmol)を反応溶液に添加し、5分間撹拌した。反応溶液に、上記(1)で得た211At水溶液(約5MBq/ml)を100μL、及び1M KI3を5μL添加し、30分間撹拌した。その後、KIを、懸濁溶液が透明になるまで適量添加し、反応を終了させた。得られた反応溶液を陽イオンカラム(DowexTM 50Wx8 100-200メッシュ、0.2M NH3水溶液)、次いで陰イオンカラム(DowexTM 1x8 50-100メッシュ、2%AcOH水溶液)に通して脱塩し、以下の化合物(211At-AIAMT)を得た。収率は24.5~41.5%であった。
実施例1で合成した211At-AAMTの安定性について、薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)を用いて、アスコルビン酸Naの存在下及び非存在下における比較を行った。結果を図1に示す。
アスコルビン酸を最終濃度が1%になるように添加した211At-AAMTを正常ラットに静注し、 1時間後に血液および尿を採取して薄層クロマトグラフ法(TLC)で分析した。薄層板はシリカゲルG60F254(メルク社)、展開溶媒はブタノール:水:酢酸の混液(4:1:1)を用いた(ナカライテスク)。展開後の薄層板はバイオイメージング解析装置(Tyhoon7000、GEヘルスケア)で解析した(図2)。その結果、血液中および尿中のいずれにおいても、211At-AAMTのみが検出され、遊離の211Atは認められなかった。すなわち、アスコルビン酸を添加した211At-AAMTは生体内で代謝されず、また分解もされず、安定に存在することが示された。
次に、マウス体内における211At-AAMTの体内分布に与えるアスコルビン酸の影響について比較を行った。日本SLCより購入したddYマウス(オス、5週齢)を一週間馴化して使用した(実験実施時6週齢)。アスコルビン酸1%添加又はアスコルビン酸無添加の211At-AAMTを正常マウス(N=3)に静注し、1時間後に解剖した。臓器は全てチャック付きのポリエチレン袋(A-4, 0.04mm、セイニチ)に入れ、Wizard2 gamma counter (PerkinElmer)を用いて放射能を測定した。主要臓器ごとの211At分布の結果を図3に示す。その結果、アスコルビン酸1%添加群は、アスコルビン酸無添加群に比べて胃及び腎臓の集積が大きく減少することが確認された。この結果は、アスコルビン酸添加によって、生体投与後の211At-AAMTが体内において安定に存在し得るという効果を示すものである。
ヒトすい臓がん細胞株 (PANC-1)に211At-AAMTを処理し、一定時間の培養後に細胞を洗浄し、取りこまれなかった211At-AAMTを取り除く。細胞内の残存放射線量から、細胞内取り込みを測定した結果を図4に示す。
実施例3と同様の条件でヒトすい臓がん細胞株 (PANC-1)に211At-AAMTを投与した際の、細胞生存率を図6に示す。その結果、211At-AAMTによってがん細胞をほぼ殺傷できることが確認された。一方で、阻害剤BCH及びメチルチロシンが存在する場合には、211At-AAMTの細胞取り込みが減少する結果、細胞生存率の大幅な減少を見られなかった。
ヒト膵がん細胞株PANC-1を用いて作成した担がんマウスに、1匹あたり0.6MBqの211At-AAMTを経静脈投与した。投与による腫瘍サイズの推移を図8(A)に、担がんマウスの体重の推移を図8(B)に示す。
日本SLCより購入したBalb/c-nu/nuマウス(メス、5週齢)を一週間飼育スペースにて馴化させた。ヒトすい臓がん細胞PANC-1(RIKEN cell bank)は、RPMI1640培地(Sigma-Aldrich)に10%ウシ胎児血清(GIBCO社)と1%の抗生剤(100x、富士フィルム和光純薬)を入れて維持し、5×106cells/100μLの濃度に調整した。その後マトリゲル(Growth Factor Reduced, BD)と1:1に混合し、シリンジ(FNシリンジ27G、テルモ)にてマウス後背部皮下に移植した。その後1ヶ月経過観察を行い、腫瘍サイズが十分に大きくなったところで実験に使用した。このすい臓がん移植マウス(動物1:25.5g, 動物2:30.2g)に211At-AAMT(アスコルビン酸1%添加、各1MBq)を静注し、10分後にSPECTイメージングを実施した。撮像はガンマカメラE-Cam(シーメンス)を用いた(撮像時間10分、コリメーター: Low Energy All Purpose、Pixelサイズ:1.2mm×1.2mm、Matrix: 256×256、Zoom: 2倍、Energy Window:79±20%)。得られた結果を図9に示す。
正常ラット(Wister、3ヶ月齢、オス、3匹、体重289.8±5.5g)に211At-AAMT(アスコルビン酸無添加, 1MBq)を静注し、20分から1時間後にSPECTイメージングを行った。撮像はガンマカメラE-Cam(シーメンス)を用いた(撮像時間:20分、コリメーター: Low Energy All Purpose、Pixelサイズ:2.4mm×2.4mm×2.4mm (SPECT)、Matrix: 128×128)。得られた結果を図10に示す。
日本SLCより購入したC57BL/6マウス(メス、5週齢)を一週間飼育スペースにて馴化させたのち、実験に使用した。メラノーマ細胞B16F10(B16よりクローニングされた肺高転移株、RIKEN cell bank)は、D-MEM培地(高グルコース, Sigma-Aldrich)に10%ウシ胎児血清(GIBCO)と1%の抗生剤(100x、富士フィルム和光純薬)を入れて維持した。この細胞2×105cellsを経静脈的に各マウスに移植した。翌日に211At-AAMT(アスコルビン酸1%添加)を0.0MBq(対照群), 0.1MBq又は1MBqずつマウスに静注した(N=5)。14日後に解剖し、肺に転移した結節数を目視でカウントした。得られた結節数及び体重変化の結果をそれぞれ図11及び図12に示す。
Claims (15)
- アミノ酸トランスポーターLAT1に親和性を有するアミノ酸誘導体に211Atを置換基として導入した構造を有する化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む、がん治療用医薬組成物。
- Lが、直接結合であり;Mは、水素原子又はハロゲン原子であり;R1が、置換されていてもよいC1-C5アルキル基であり;R2が、水素原子又はC1-C5のアルキル基であり;R3が、水素原子である、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記がんが、LAT1の発現を伴うがんである、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記がんが、すい臓がん、白血病、メラノーマ、大腸がん、肺がん、前立腺がん、胃がん、乳がん、腎臓がん、喉頭がん、食道がん、肝臓がん、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、頭頚部がん、、卵巣がん、膀胱がん、小児がん、小児白血病及び脳腫瘍よりなる群から選択される、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物の生体内における安定性を高めるための安定剤をさらに含み、該安定剤がアスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸アルカリ金属塩及びアスコルビン酸アルカリ金属土類塩よりなる群から選択される、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- がん組織を検出可能なプローブ化合物をさらに含む、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記がん組織を検出可能なプローブ化合物が、ポジトロン断層撮影法(PET)用プローブ化合物である、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- アミノ酸トランスポーターLAT1に親和性を有するアミノ酸誘導体に211Atを置換基として導入した構造を有する化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩と;アスコルビン酸又はアスコルビン酸塩とを含む、キット。
- 以下の式(I)で表される化合物の製造方法であって
以下の工程
A)以下の式(Ia)で表される化合物に、
水銀化合物を添加し、以下の式(Ib-1)又は式(Ib-2)で表される前駆体化合物を得る工程
B)前記工程A)で得られた式(Ib-1)又は式(Ib-2)で表される前駆体化合物に、211At、及びアスタチン以外のハロゲン元素よりなるハロゲン化物を添加する工程;
C)前記工程B)で得られた反応物を精製して、前記式(I)で表される化合物を得る工程
を含む、該製造方法。 - 前記工程C)における精製の後に、アスコルビン酸又はアスコルビン酸塩を添加する工程をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程B)における前記ハロゲン化物が、三ヨウ化物である、請求項11又は12に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程C)における精製が、イオン交換樹脂を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより行われる、請求項11~13のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- Lが単結合である、請求項10~14のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
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