WO2019017426A1 - 無方向性電磁鋼板 - Google Patents
無方向性電磁鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019017426A1 WO2019017426A1 PCT/JP2018/027078 JP2018027078W WO2019017426A1 WO 2019017426 A1 WO2019017426 A1 WO 2019017426A1 JP 2018027078 W JP2018027078 W JP 2018027078W WO 2019017426 A1 WO2019017426 A1 WO 2019017426A1
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1261—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest following hot rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14775—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
- H01F1/14783—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets with insulating coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-139765, filed Jul. 19, 2017, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the motor cores of the above-described various motors are composed of a stator, which is a stator, and a rotor, which is a rotor.
- the characteristics required for the stator and the rotor that constitute the motor core are different from each other.
- the stator is required particularly for excellent magnetic properties (iron loss and magnetic flux density), whereas the rotor is required for excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength and yield ratio).
- the characteristics required for the stator and the rotor are different. Therefore, if the non-oriented electrical steel sheet for the stator and the non-oriented electrical steel sheet for the rotor are separately formed, the respective desired characteristics can be realized. However, preparing two types of non-oriented electrical steel sheets results in a decrease in yield. Therefore, in order to realize the excellent strength required for the rotor and the low core loss required for the stator, a non-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in strength and also excellent in magnetic characteristics has been conventionally studied.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 silicon is used as a chemical component of a steel plate to realize excellent strength required for a rotor while realizing excellent magnetic characteristics required for a stator.
- a technology has been proposed in which a large amount of (Si) is contained and at the same time an element contributing to high strength such as nickel (Ni) or copper (Cu) is intentionally added.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high strength and high yield ratio non-oriented electrical steel sheet whose manufacturing cost is suppressed.
- the obtained high strength and yield ratio non-oriented electrical steel sheet is punched into a desired motor core shape (rotor shape and stator shape), and a plurality of punched non-oriented electromagnetic steel plates are stacked to form a desired motor core shape ( It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-oriented electrical steel sheet which exhibits even more excellent magnetic properties when forming a rotor shape and a stator shape) and annealing is performed on those laminated in the stator shape.
- the present inventors diligently studied. Specifically, the members for the rotor and the stator are punched out of the same non-oriented electrical steel sheet, and the members for the rotor are laminated so as to have a desired rotor shape, and the laminate is not annealed. In addition, for the member for the stator, after laminating so as to be a desired stator shape, the magnetic property is further improved by performing annealing on the laminated body. We have seriously studied the means to realize it.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet is punched into a desired stator shape to form a stator member, and the punched stator members are stacked to form the desired stator shape, and then the obtained laminated body is implemented.
- Annealing is called "core annealing”.
- non-oriented electrical steel sheets having equivalent tensile strength it is possible to make the non-oriented electrical steel sheets have an upper yield point in order to achieve a high yield ratio for the purpose of improving the fatigue strength. It is considered as The present inventors focused attention on controlling the non-oriented electrical steel sheet to have an upper yield point by utilizing strain aging of carbon (C).
- C strain aging of carbon
- non-oriented electrical steel sheets that are generally manufactured have high purity and a low content of C that causes strain aging.
- Si has no upper yield point by suppressing the formation of carbides.
- the present inventors made further studies. As a result, in a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a high Si content, which does not intentionally contain high-cost elements, the grain size is further refined to realize a yield phenomenon by realizing a yield phenomenon. It has been found that even better mechanical properties can be obtained. Furthermore, in this non-oriented electrical steel sheet, if it is possible to suppress the content of elements that inhibit grain growth at the time of core annealing, it is possible to simultaneously improve even better magnetic properties after core annealing. It came to obtain the knowledge of The gist of the present invention completed based on the above findings is as follows.
- a non-oriented electrical steel sheet has a chemical composition of, by mass%, C: 0.0015% to 0.0040%, Si: 3.5% to 4.5%, Al : 0.65% or less, Mn: 0.2% to 2.0%, Sn: 0% to 0.20%, Sb: 0% to 0.20%, P: 0.005% to 0.150% S: 0.0001% to 0.0030%, Ti: 0.0030% or less, Nb: 0.0050% or less, Zr: 0.0030% or less, Mo: 0.030% or less, V: 0.0030 %, N: 0.0010% to 0.0030%, O: 0.0010% to 0.0050%, Cu: less than 0.10%, Ni: less than 0.50%, the balance being Fe And impurities, the product plate thickness is 0.10 mm to 0.30 mm, the average crystal grain size is 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, and iron loss W10 / 800 is 50 W / kg or less, tensile strength is 5
- the content of C, Ti, Nb, Zr, and V may satisfy the condition represented by the following formula (1).
- the description with [X] represents content (unit: mass%) of the element X.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the above [1] or [2] is annealed under annealing conditions in which the annealing temperature is in the range of 750 ° C. to 900 ° C. and the soaking time is in the range of 10 minutes to 180 minutes.
- the average crystal grain size may be 60 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, and the iron loss W10 / 400 may be 11 W / Kg or less.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to any one of the above [1] to [3] has an upper yield point and a lower yield point, and the upper yield point is 5 MPa or more than the lower yield point It may be high.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to any one of the above [1] to [5] may further have an insulating film on the surface.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing the structure of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view for explaining the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view for explaining a stress-strain curve shown by the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a stress-strain curve shown by the non-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of the method of manufacturing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment is a non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 suitable as a material when manufacturing both a stator and a rotor. As schematically shown in FIG. 1, the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment has a ground iron 11 that contains a predetermined chemical component and exhibits predetermined mechanical characteristics and magnetic characteristics. Moreover, it is preferable that the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment further has an insulating film 13 on the surface of the ground iron 11.
- ground iron 11 of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 will be described in detail.
- the ground iron 11 of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 is, by mass%, C: 0.0015% to 0.0040%, Si: 3.5% to 4.5%, Al: 0.65 % Or less, Mn: 0.2% to 2.0%, P: 0.005% to 0.150%, S: 0.0001% to 0.0030%, Ti: 0.0030% or less, Nb: 0 .0050% or less, Zr: 0.0030% or less, Mo: 0.030% or less, V: 0.0030% or less, N: 0.0010% to 0.0030%, O: 0.0010% to 0..
- the base iron 11 is, for example, a steel plate such as a hot-rolled steel plate or a cold-rolled steel plate.
- C is an element which causes iron loss deterioration.
- the C content is set to 0.0040% or less.
- the C content is preferably 0.0035% or less, more preferably 0.0030% or less.
- the C content is set to 0.0015% or more.
- the C content is preferably 0.0020% or more, and more preferably 0.0025% or more.
- Si is an element that raises the electrical resistance of steel to reduce eddy current loss and improve high frequency core loss.
- Si is an element effective also to increase the strength of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 because Si has a large solid solution strengthening ability.
- it is necessary to contain 3.5% or more of Si.
- it is 3.6% or more.
- the Si content is 4.5% or less.
- the Si content is preferably 4.0% or less, more preferably 3.9% or less.
- Al 0.65% or less
- Al aluminum
- Al is an effective element for reducing the eddy current loss by raising the electrical resistance of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet and improving the high frequency core loss.
- Al also has the effect of reducing the workability in the steel plate manufacturing process and the magnetic flux density of the product. Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.65% or less.
- it is important to suppress the adverse effect of solid solution Ti, but when the Al content is high, AlN instead of TiN is precipitated as nitride. Thus, the solid solution Ti increases.
- the Al content is preferably 0.50% or less.
- the Al content is more preferably 0.40% or less, still more preferably 0.35% or less.
- the lower limit value of the Al content is not particularly limited and may be 0%, but in order to make the Al content less than 0.0005%, the load in steel making is high and the cost is increased. Therefore, the Al content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- the Al content is preferably 0.10% or more, and more preferably 0.20% or more.
- Mn manganese
- MnS fine sulfides
- the Mn content is preferably 0.4% or more, more preferably 0.5% or more.
- the Mn content is 2.0% or less.
- the Mn content is preferably 1.7% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less.
- P 0.005% to 0.150%
- P (phosphorus) is an element that has a large solid solution strengthening ability and also has the effect of increasing ⁇ 100 ⁇ texture which is advantageous for improving magnetic properties, and is extremely effective in achieving both high strength and high magnetic flux density. It is an effective element.
- P is a punching process of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 It also has the effect of improving the dimensional accuracy of time. In order to obtain the effect of improving such strength, magnetic properties and dimensional accuracy, the P content needs to be 0.005% or more.
- the P content is preferably 0.010% or more, more preferably 0.020% or more.
- the content of P is 0.150% or less.
- the P content is preferably 0.100% or less, more preferably 0.080% or less.
- S sulfur
- S is an element that increases iron loss by forming fine precipitates of MnS and degrades the magnetic properties of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10. Therefore, the S content needs to be 0.0030% or less.
- the S content is preferably 0.0020% or less, more preferably 0.0010% or less.
- the S content is made 0.0001% or more.
- the S content is preferably 0.0003% or more, more preferably 0.0005% or more.
- Ti titanium
- Ti titanium
- carbides When carbides are formed, the growth of crystal grains during core annealing is inhibited and the magnetic properties are degraded. Therefore, the Ti content is made 0.0030% or less.
- the Ti content is 0.0015% or less, more preferably 0.0010% or less.
- the Ti content may be 0%, if it is attempted to reduce the Ti content to less than 0.0005%, the cost is unnecessarily increased. Therefore, the Ti content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- Nb 0.0050% or less
- Nb niobium
- carbide nitride
- the Nb content is preferably made 0.0030% or less.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.0010% or less, more preferably below the measurement limit (tr.) (Including 0%).
- Zr 0.0030% or less
- Zr zirconium
- the Zr content is preferably 0.0010% or less, more preferably below the measurement limit (tr.) (Including 0%).
- Mo molybdenum
- Mo molybdenum
- carbides carbides
- Mo molybdenum
- Mo is an element that can be inevitably mixed, and is an element that combines with carbon to form inclusions (carbides).
- Mo is apt to be a solution at a temperature of 750 ° C. or higher where core annealing is carried out, so some incorporation is allowed.
- the Mo content is made 0.030% or less.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.020% or less, more preferably 0.015% or less, and may be below the measurement limit (tr.) (Including 0%).
- the Mo content is preferably made 0.0005% or more.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.0010% or more.
- V vanadium
- V vanadium
- tr. the measurement limit
- N nitrogen
- nitrogen is an element which is inevitably mixed, and is an element which causes magnetic aging to increase iron loss and degrades the magnetic characteristics of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10. Therefore, the N content needs to be 0.0030% or less.
- the N content is preferably 0.0025% or less, more preferably 0.0020% or less.
- the N content is made 0.0010% or more.
- O oxygen
- Oxgen is an element which is unavoidably mixed, and is an element which increases iron loss by forming an oxide and degrades the magnetic characteristics of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10. Therefore, O content needs to be made into 0.0050% or less. Since O may be mixed in the annealing step, in the slab stage (that is, ladle value), it is preferable to be not more than 0.0050%. On the other hand, if it is going to reduce O content more than 0.0010%, cost will be increased needlessly. Therefore, the O content is made 0.0010% or more.
- Cu less than 0.10%
- Ni less than 0.50%
- Cu (copper) and Ni (nickel) are elements which can be inevitably mixed.
- the intentional addition of Cu and Ni increases the manufacturing cost of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10. Therefore, in the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment, it is not necessary to add it.
- the Cu content is less than 0.10%, which is the maximum value that can be inevitably mixed in the manufacturing process.
- Ni is also an element that improves the strength of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10, and may be intentionally added and contained. However, since Ni is expensive, even when it is intentionally contained, the upper limit of the content is made less than 0.50%.
- the lower limit of the Cu content and the Ni content is not particularly limited and may be 0%, but if it is attempted to reduce the Cu content and the Ni content to less than 0.005%, the cost will be unnecessarily increased. . Accordingly, the Cu content and the Ni content are preferably each 0.005% or more. The Cu content and the Ni content are preferably 0.01% or more and 0.09% or less, respectively, and more preferably 0.02% or more and 0.06% or less.
- Sn (tin) and Sb (antimony) are optional additional elements useful for securing low core loss by segregating on the surface of the steel sheet and suppressing oxidation during annealing. Therefore, in the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment, at least one of Sn or Sb may be contained in the base iron as an optional additional element in order to obtain the above-mentioned effect. In order to fully exhibit the said effect, it is preferable to make Sn content or Sb content into 0.01% or more, respectively. More preferably, it is 0.03% or more.
- the Sn content or the Sb content exceeds 0.20%, respectively, the ductility of the base iron may be reduced and cold rolling may become difficult. Therefore, the Sn content or the Sb content is preferably 0.20% or less, even when it is contained. When Sn or Sb is contained in the base iron, the Sn content or Sb content is more preferably 0.10% or less.
- the ground iron 11 of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment has the chemical components as described above, but the content of C, Ti, Nb, Zr, V of the ground iron 11 is further It is preferable to satisfy the condition represented by the following formula (1).
- the value given on the left side of the above formula (1) is more preferably 0.000006 or less, still more preferably 0.000004 or less. The smaller the value given by the left side of the above equation (1), the better.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but the lower limit of the above element in the ground iron 11 according to the present embodiment is 0.
- the value .00000075 is a practical lower limit.
- the average grain size of the base iron 11 is 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m after undergoing finish annealing described in detail below (when core annealing is not performed). It is in a state of being miniaturized. Since the average grain size of the ground iron 11 is refined to be in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, the proportion of grain boundaries in the ground iron 11 can be increased, and the strain aging phenomenon can be generated. .
- Such a refined average grain size is subjected to annealing at a specific cooling rate after performing annealing at a specific annealing temperature and soaking time under a specific atmosphere in the finish annealing step described in detail below. It is realized by doing.
- the average grain size of the base iron 11 can be controlled by changing the heat treatment conditions at the time of finish annealing.
- the average crystal grain size of the ground iron 11 after finish annealing is less than 10 ⁇ m, no Si content is obtained even if core annealing is performed. It is not preferable because the core loss, which is one of the important magnetic properties required for the grain oriented electrical steel sheet, increases. On the other hand, when the average grain size of the base iron 11 after finish annealing (in a state where the core annealing is not performed) exceeds 40 ⁇ m, the average grain size becomes too large. It is not preferable because the yield ratio can not be obtained.
- the average grain size of the ground iron 11 is preferably in the range of 15 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 when core annealing performed when manufacturing the stator is performed, crystal grains of the base iron 11 grow and the average crystal grain size becomes coarse. This is because the contents of C, Ti, Nb, Zr, and V, which are elements that inhibit the growth of crystal grains, are controlled to be in the above range.
- the average grain size of the coarsened ground iron 11 after core annealing is preferably 60 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m by performing core annealing under predetermined conditions.
- “core annealing” is annealing performed for the purpose of promoting grain growth of crystal grains of the base iron 11.
- the predetermined conditions for core annealing are conditions appropriately selected according to the thickness of the magnetic steel sheet, the particle size before core annealing, and the like from the range of annealing temperature 750 ° C. to 900 ° C. and soaking time 10 minutes to 180 minutes. It is.
- the preferred annealing temperature is 775 ° C. to 850 ° C., and the preferred soaking time is 30 minutes to 150 minutes.
- the dew point in the annealing atmosphere may be set appropriately according to the type and performance of the annealing furnace, but may be set, for example, in the range of -40 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or less. More specifically, for example, in a nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of -40.degree. C., the annealing temperature can be 800.degree. C. and the soaking time can be 120 minutes.
- the average crystal grain size of the base iron 11 after the predetermined core annealing is less than 60 ⁇ m, it is important for the non-oriented electrical steel sheet even if the Si content is the maximum value. This is not preferable because iron loss, which is one of the magnetic properties, increases. In addition, even when the average crystal grain size of the ground iron 11 after the predetermined core annealing exceeds 150 ⁇ m, the crystal grains grow too much, which causes an increase in iron loss, which is not preferable.
- the average crystal grain size of the ground iron 11 after the predetermined core annealing is more preferably in the range of 65 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m, still more preferably in the range of 70 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the average crystal grain size of the ground iron 11 largely changes when the core annealing under the predetermined condition is performed.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing an example of a flow in the case of manufacturing a rotor and a stator using the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the average grain size of the base iron 11 is in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, and the crystal grains are fine It is in a state of being
- steps 1 members for manufacturing the rotor and the stator are manufactured.
- step 2 each of the manufactured member for manufacturing a rotor and the member for manufacturing a stator is laminated (step 2).
- the average grain size of the ground iron 11 in each of the stacked members is in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m even after the punching step and the stacking step.
- the rotor is manufactured using the laminated members for manufacturing a rotor (without undergoing core annealing).
- the manufactured rotor has the average crystal grain size of the ground iron 11 as it is refined to 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, so the rotor is required to have excellent strength (for example, a tensile strength of 580 MPa or more), It has a high yield ratio (0.82 or more).
- the stator is manufactured by applying core annealing to the laminated members for manufacturing a stator (Step 3).
- the crystal grains of the base iron 11 grow largely by core annealing, and for example, if core annealing under predetermined conditions is performed, the above-mentioned range of 60 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m is obtained. Iron loss and magnetic flux density can be realized.
- the average crystal grain size of the base iron 11 as described above can be determined, for example, with respect to the structure of the Z cross section at the center in the plate thickness direction, according to the cutting method of JIS G0551 "Steel-Microscopic test method of grain size".
- the average crystal grain size of the base iron 11 having the above-described chemical composition and after finish annealing is refined to 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m It is done.
- the tensile strength is 580 MPa to 700 MPa.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 performs cooling at a specific cooling rate after performing annealing at a specific annealing temperature and soaking time in a specific atmosphere when manufacturing.
- a yield phenomenon occurs and an upper yield point and a lower yield point are indicated.
- the upper yield point is defined as a point at which the stress shows the maximum value in a micro strain area before the tensile strength (left side from the position showing the tensile strength), as at point A in FIG.
- the lower yield point is a point at which the stress value decreases after passing the upper yield point.
- the lower yield point is a point between the upper yield point and the tensile strength as shown by point B in FIG. The point at which the stress shows the minimum value in
- the yield ratio is 0.82 or more.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment exhibits more excellent mechanical characteristics as a rotor.
- the yield ratio is preferably 0.84 or more.
- the upper limit value of the yield ratio is not particularly limited, and the larger the better, but the upper limit is actually about 0.90.
- the difference between the stress value at the upper yield point (point A in FIG. 3) and the stress value at the lower yield point (point B in FIG. 3) (FIG. 3) It is preferable that (DELTA) ( sigma ) becomes 5 Mpa or more. If ⁇ is 5 MPa or more, a yield ratio of 0.82 or more can be easily obtained.
- FIG. 4 shows the case where the annealing temperature is changed to five types after fixing the soaking time to 20 seconds under the annealing atmosphere described in detail below, with the steel having the chemical composition as described above. Shows an example of the measurement results of the stress-strain curve. Assuming that the annealing temperature is 950 ° C. and 1000 ° C., which are finish annealing temperatures of general non-oriented electrical steel sheets, the average grain size of the ground iron 11 is 54 ⁇ m at 950 ° C. and 77 ⁇ m at 1000 ° C. It became. On the other hand, when the annealing temperature is set to 800 ° C., 850 ° C., or 900 ° C.
- the average grain size of the base iron 11 The thickness was 16 ⁇ m at 800 ° C., 25 ⁇ m at 850 ° C., and 37 ⁇ m at 900 ° C.
- the measurement results of the stress-strain curves of the five types of non-oriented electrical steel sheets 10 obtained are as shown in FIG.
- the stress-strain curve of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment in which the average crystal grain size is 16 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m, and 37 ⁇ m, an upper yield point and a lower yield point are observed. Manifests a strong yield phenomenon.
- the stress-strain curve of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet having an average grain size of 54 ⁇ m and 77 ⁇ m has no upper yield point and no lower yield point.
- the tensile strength and the yield point as described above can be measured by performing a tensile test with a tensile tester after producing a test piece defined in JIS Z2201.
- the thickness of the base iron 11 (the thickness t in FIG. 1, which can be regarded as the product thickness of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10) in the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment reduces high frequency iron loss. Therefore, it is necessary to make it 0.30 mm or less.
- the thickness t of the ground iron 11 in the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 is set to 0.10 mm or more and 0.30 mm or less.
- the thickness t of the ground iron 11 in the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 is preferably 0.15 mm or more and 0.25 mm or less.
- the iron loss W10 / 800 after finish annealing (in a state in which core annealing is not performed) is 50 W / kg or less.
- the iron loss W10 / 800 is preferably 48 W / kg or less, more preferably 45 W / kg or less.
- the crystal grains of the base iron 11 grow by performing the predetermined core annealing as described above, and a more excellent iron loss is exhibited.
- the iron loss W10 / 400 is preferably 11 W / Kg or less.
- the iron loss W10 / 400 is more preferably 10 W / Kg or less.
- the conditions of the core annealing can be, for example, an annealing temperature of 800 ° C. and a soaking time of 120 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of ⁇ 40 ° C.
- Various magnetic properties of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment conform to the Epstein method specified in JIS C2550, and the single sheet tester (SST) specified in JIS C2556. It is possible to measure.
- Non-oriented electrical steel sheets are used after being punched out of a core blank. Therefore, by providing the insulating coating 13 on the surface of the ground iron 11, it is possible to reduce the eddy current between the plates and to reduce the eddy current loss as a core.
- the insulating film 13 of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is used as the insulating film of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet, and a known insulating film can be used It is.
- a composite insulating film mainly composed of an inorganic substance and further containing an organic substance can be mentioned.
- the composite insulating film is mainly composed of at least one of inorganic substances such as metal salts of chromate, metal salts of phosphate, or colloidal silica, Zr compounds, Ti compounds, etc., and fine organic resin particles are dispersed Is an insulating coating.
- insulating coatings using metal salts of phosphoric acid, coupling agents of Zr or Ti, or carbonates or ammonium salts of these as starting materials It is preferably used.
- the adhesion amount of the insulating film 13 as described above is not particularly limited, for example, preferably 400 mg / m 2 or more and 1200 mg / m 2 or less per one side, 800 mg / m 2 or more per one side, It is more preferable to set it as 1000 mg / m ⁇ 2 > or less.
- the adhesion amount of the insulating film 13 it is possible to use various known measuring methods, for example, a method of measuring a mass difference before and after immersion in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, or a calibration curve method. A fluorescent X-ray method or the like may be used as appropriate.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of the method of manufacturing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- a steel ingot (slab) having the above-described chemical composition is heated, and hot rolling is performed on the heated steel ingot.
- a hot-rolled steel sheet is obtained (step S101).
- the heating temperature of the steel ingot at the time of being subjected to hot rolling is not particularly limited, but, for example, preferably 1050 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less.
- the thickness of the hot-rolled sheet after hot rolling is not particularly limited, but it is preferably, for example, about 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm in consideration of the final thickness of the base steel. .
- a scale mainly composed of an oxide of Fe is generated on the surface of the base iron 11.
- Hot-rolled sheet annealing process After the hot rolling, hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed (step S103).
- the dew point in the annealing atmosphere is ⁇ 20 ° C. or more and 50 ° C. or less
- the annealing temperature is 850 ° C. or more and 1100 ° C. or less
- the soaking time is 10 seconds or more and 150 seconds or less It is preferable to The soaking time refers to the time during which the temperature of the hot-rolled sheet to be subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing is within the range of the maximum achieved sheet temperature ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the dew point in the annealing atmosphere is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or more and 40 ° C. or less, more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or less.
- the annealing temperature is less than 850 ° C., or if the soaking time is less than 10 seconds, the magnetic flux density B 50 is deteriorated, which is not preferable.
- the annealing temperature exceeds 1100 ° C., or if the soaking time exceeds 150 seconds, there is a possibility that the base iron may break in the subsequent cold rolling step, which is not preferable.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 900 ° C. or more and 1050 ° C. or less, more preferably 950 ° C. or more and 1050 ° C. or less.
- the soaking time is preferably 20 seconds or more and 100 seconds or less, and more preferably 30 seconds or more and 80 seconds or less.
- the average cooling rate in the temperature range from 800 ° C. to 500 ° C. in order to realize a yield ratio of 0.82 or more more reliably. Is preferably 10 ° C./second to 100 ° C./second, and more preferably 25 ° C./second or more. If the cooling rate in the temperature range from 800 ° C. to 500 ° C. is less than 10 ° C./sec, strain aging due to solid solution C is not sufficiently obtained, the upper yield point is less likely to occur, and the yield ratio decreases. .
- the average cooling rate up to a plate temperature of 800 ° C. to 500 ° C. is preferably as high as possible.
- the temperature is 100 ° C./sec.
- pickling is performed (step S105), and the scale layer formed on the surface of the ground iron 11 is removed.
- the pickling conditions such as the concentration of the acid used for pickling, the concentration of the promoter used for pickling, and the temperature of the pickling solution are not particularly limited, and may be known pickling conditions.
- cold rolling is performed (step S107).
- the pickling plate from which the scale layer has been removed is rolled at a reduction ratio such that the final thickness of the base steel is 0.10 mm or more and 0.30 mm or less.
- the metal structure of the ground iron 11 becomes a cold rolled structure obtained by cold rolling.
- finish annealing is performed (step S109).
- the finish annealing step is an important step in order to realize the average grain size of the base iron 11 as described above and to cause a yield phenomenon. is there.
- the annealing atmosphere is a wet atmosphere with a dew point of -20 ° C to 50 ° C
- the annealing temperature is 750 ° C to 900 ° C
- the soaking time is 10 seconds to less than 100 seconds. .
- the soaking time refers to the time during which the temperature of the cold-rolled steel sheet to be subjected to finish annealing is within the range of the maximum achieved sheet temperature ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the dew point of the annealing atmosphere When the dew point of the annealing atmosphere is less than ⁇ 20 ° C., the grain growth near the surface layer is deteriorated at the time of core annealing, which is not preferable because the iron loss becomes inferior. On the other hand, when the dew point of the annealing atmosphere exceeds 50 ° C., internal oxidation occurs to deteriorate the iron loss, which is not preferable. In addition, when the annealing temperature is less than 750 ° C., the annealing time becomes too long, which is likely to decrease the productivity, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the annealing temperature exceeds 900 ° C., it is not preferable because control of the crystal grain size after finish annealing becomes difficult.
- the soaking time is less than 10 seconds, it is not preferable because sufficient finish annealing can not be performed and it may be difficult to appropriately generate seed crystals in the base iron 11.
- the soaking time exceeds 100 seconds, the possibility that the average crystal grain size of the seed crystals generated in the ground iron 11 is out of the range mentioned above is increased, which is not preferable.
- the dew point of the annealing atmosphere is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or less, and more preferably 0 ° C. or more and 10 ° C. or less.
- the oxygen potential of the annealing atmosphere (partial pressure P H2 O of H 2 O, divided by the partial pressure P H2 of H 2: P H2O / P H2 ) is a reducing atmosphere of 0.01 to 0.30 Is preferred.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 800 ° C. or more and 850 ° C. or less, more preferably 800 ° C. or more and 825 ° C. or less.
- the soaking time is preferably 10 seconds or more and 30 seconds or less.
- the average cooling rate from 750 ° C. to 600 ° C. for achieving the average grain size of the ground iron 11 of 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m and the yield ratio of 0.82 or more more reliably as mentioned above It is preferable to set strong cooling at 25 ° C./sec or more. Moreover, as for the cooling rate from 400 degreeC to 100 degreeC of board temperature, it is still more preferable to carry out gentle cooling of 20 degrees C / s or less at any timing in this interval. If the cooling rate from a plate temperature of 750 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the cooling rate from a plate temperature of 750 ° C. to 600 ° C. is less than 25 ° C./sec, precipitation of carbides such as TiC occurs in the cooling process, and solid solution C decreases, so solid solution C The strain aging due to is not sufficiently obtained, the upper yield point is less likely to occur, and the yield ratio is lowered.
- the cooling rate from the plate temperature of 750 ° C. to 600 ° C. is preferably 30 ° C./second or more and 60 ° C./second or less.
- perform slow cooling including the case where the instantaneous cooling rate is 20 ° C / sec or less
- the strain aging due to solid solution C proceeds and the upper yield point is more likely to occur.
- the steel plate stay in the temperature range of 400 ° C. to 100 ° C. for 16 seconds or more by performing slow cooling in at least a part of the temperature section.
- the heating rate to a temperature range of a plate temperature of 750 ° C. or more and 900 ° C. or less is preferably, for example, 20 ° C./second to 1000 ° C./second.
- the heating rate in the temperature range of 750 ° C. or more and 900 ° C. or less in the finish annealing is more preferably 50 ° C./second to 200 ° C./second.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment can be manufactured through the above-described steps.
- step S111 a step of forming an insulating film is carried out, if necessary (step S111).
- the step of forming the insulating coating is not particularly limited, and the coating and drying of the processing solution may be performed by a known method using the known insulating coating processing solution as described above.
- the surface of the base steel on which the insulating coating is to be formed may be subjected to any pretreatment such as degreasing treatment with an alkali, or pickling treatment with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or the like before applying the treatment liquid.
- the surface may be left as it is after finish annealing without being subjected to these pretreatments.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to the present embodiment is punched into a core shape (rotor shape / stator shape) (step 1),
- the resulting members are stacked (step 2) to form the desired motor core shape (i.e., the desired rotor shape and stator shape).
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 used for manufacturing the motor core has the insulating coating 13 formed on the surface of the ground iron 11.
- annealing is performed on the non-oriented electrical steel sheets stacked in a desired stator shape (step 3).
- the core annealing is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing 70% by volume or more of nitrogen.
- the annealing temperature of core annealing is 750 degreeC or more and 900 degrees C or less.
- the proportion of nitrogen in the atmosphere is less than 70% by volume, the cost of core annealing increases, which is not preferable.
- the proportion of nitrogen in the atmosphere is more preferably 80% by volume or more, still more preferably 90% by volume to 100% by volume, and particularly preferably 97% by volume to 100% by volume.
- the atmosphere gas other than nitrogen is not particularly limited, but generally, a reducing mixed gas composed of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, methane and the like can be used. In order to obtain these gases, a method of burning propane gas or natural gas is generally employed.
- the annealing temperature of core annealing is less than 750 degreeC, sufficient grain growth can not be implement
- the annealing temperature of the core annealing exceeds 900 ° C., grain growth of the recrystallized structure proceeds too much and the hysteresis loss decreases, but the eddy current loss increases and as a result, the total core loss increases. Not desirable.
- the annealing temperature of the core annealing is preferably 775 ° C. or more and 850 ° C. or less.
- the soaking time for carrying out the core annealing may be appropriately set according to the above-mentioned annealing temperature, but can be, for example, 10 minutes to 180 minutes. If the soaking time is less than 10 minutes, grain growth may not be sufficiently realized. On the other hand, when the soaking time exceeds 180 minutes, the annealing time is too long, which may lower the productivity.
- the soaking time is more preferably 30 minutes to 150 minutes.
- the heating rate in the temperature range of 500 ° C. or more and 750 ° C. or less in the core annealing is preferably 50 ° C./Hr to 300 ° C./Hr.
- the heating rate in the temperature range of 500 ° C. or more and 750 ° C. or less in core annealing is more preferably 80 ° C./Hr to 150 ° C./Hr.
- the cooling rate in the temperature range of 750 ° C. or less and 500 ° C. or more is preferably 50 ° C./Hr to 500 ° C./Hr.
- the cooling rate in the temperature range of 750 ° C. or less and 500 ° C. or more in the core annealing is more preferably 80 ° C./Hr to 200 ° C./Hr.
- a motor core can be manufactured through each process as described above.
- non-oriented electrical steel sheet concerning the present invention is concretely explained, showing an example and a comparative example.
- the example shown below is only an example of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention, and the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention is not limited to the following example.
- Hot-rolled sheet annealing was performed on the obtained hot-rolled steel sheet at 1000 ° C. for 50 seconds in an atmosphere with a dew point of 10 ° C.
- the average cooling rate of 800 to 500 ° C. after hot-rolled sheet annealing is No. 1 6 was 7.0 ° C./sec, and others were 35 ° C./sec.
- surface scale was removed by pickling.
- the pickling plate (hot-rolled steel plate after pickling) thus obtained was made into a cold-rolled steel plate with a thickness of 0.25 mm by cold rolling. Furthermore, finish annealing conditions (annealing temperature and soaking time) so as to obtain an average crystal grain size as shown in Tables 2A and 2B below in a mixed atmosphere of 10% hydrogen, 90% nitrogen, and a dew point of 0 ° C. was changed and annealed. Specifically, in the case of controlling to increase the average grain size, the finish annealing temperature is higher and / or the soaking time is longer. Moreover, when controlling so that average grain size becomes small, it was made the opposite. The heating rates to a temperature range of 750 ° C. or more and 900 ° C.
- the cooling rate in the temperature range from 750 ° C. to 600 ° C. after finish annealing is No. 4 7 and No. Only 13 was at 10 ° C./s, the others at 35 ° C./s.
- the minimum values of the cooling rates at 400 to 100 ° C. during finish annealing were as shown in Tables 2A and 2B. In each of the invention examples, the minimum value of the cooling rate at 400 to 100 ° C. was 20 ° C./second or less, and the residence time between 400 to 100 ° C. was also 16 seconds or more.
- the insulating film was formed by applying an insulating film consisting of aluminum phosphate and an acrylic-styrene copolymer resin emulsion having a particle diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m so as to have a predetermined adhesion amount, and baking it at 350 ° C. in the air.
- annealing is simply referred to as core annealing, hereinafter referred to as "pseudo-core annealing".
- the heating rate at 500 ° C. or more and 700 ° C. or less and the cooling rate in pseudo core annealing were 100 ° C./Hr and 100 ° C./Hr, respectively.
- tensile test pieces are taken in the rolling direction according to JIS Z 2241 from a non-oriented electrical steel sheet after finish annealing and before pseudo core annealing, and a tensile test is performed to obtain a yield point, tensile strength (TS), The yield ratio was measured.
- TS tensile strength
- No. 3, 5, 14, 42, 52 had a yield ratio of less than 0.82.
- the grain size after finish annealing was 40 ⁇ m or less, but the upper yield point to the lower yield point were low. It is considered that the aging effect by carbon did not work sufficiently because quenching was performed at 20 ° C./s or more throughout the cooling process of 400 ° C. to 100 ° C. of the final annealing.
- No. 7 and 13 had a yield ratio below 0.82.
- the cooling rate at 750 ° C to 600 ° C for finish annealing is slower compared to the others, and it is considered that the upper yield point is lowered because carbide starts to precipitate at high temperatures and becomes overaging.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a non-oriented electrical steel sheet in which the manufacturing cost is suppressed and the mechanical properties and the magnetic properties after core annealing are more excellent. Therefore, the possibility of industrial use is high.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年07月19日に、日本に出願された特願2017-139765号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
好ましくは、得られた高強度かつ降伏比の無方向性電磁鋼板を所望のモータコア形状(ロータ形状及びステータ形状)に打ち抜き、打ち抜いた無方向性電磁鋼板を複数枚積層して所望のモータコア形状(ロータ形状及びステータ形状)を形成し、そのうち、ステータ形状に積層したものに対して焼鈍を施した場合に、より一層優れた磁気特性を示す無方向性電磁鋼板を提供することにある。
本発明者らは、炭素(C)の歪時効を活用して、無方向性電磁鋼板が上降伏点を有するように制御することに着目した。しかしながら、一般的に製造される無方向性電磁鋼板は、高純度であって歪時効の原因となるCの含有量が低い。特に、Siの含有量が3%以上である無方向性電磁鋼板では、Siが炭化物の生成を抑制することで、上降伏点を有しない。また、単に高強度化を目指して、C、チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)等の元素を意図的に含有させた無方向性電磁鋼板では、Cを多く含有することによって降伏現象は生じたとしても、炭化物がコア焼鈍時の粒成長を大幅に劣化させるので、コア焼鈍後の磁気特性が向上しない。
そのため、これまで、上降伏点を有し、かつコア焼鈍後の磁気特性に優れる無方向性電磁鋼板を得ることは難しかった。
上記知見に基づき完成された本発明の要旨は、以下の通りである。
[2]上記[1]に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板は、C、Ti、Nb、Zr、Vの含有量が、以下の式(1)で表される条件を満足してもよい。
[C]×([Ti]+[Nb]+[Zr]+[V])<0.000010・・・(1)
ここで、上記式(1)において、[X]との表記は、元素Xの含有量(単位:質量%)を表す。
[3]上記[1]または[2]に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板は、焼鈍温度750℃以上900℃以下、均熱時間10分~180分の範囲内となる焼鈍条件下での焼鈍によって、平均結晶粒径が、60μm~150μm、かつ、鉄損W10/400が、11W/Kg以下となってもよい。
[4]上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板は、上降伏点及び下降伏点を有しており、上降伏点が下降伏点よりも5MPa以上高くてもよい。
[5]上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板は、前記化学組成が、質量%で、Sn:0.01%~0.20%、Sb:0.01%~0.20%、のいずれか一方または両方を含有してもよい。
[6]上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板は、表面に更に絶縁被膜を有してもよい。
まず、図1~図5を参照しながら、本発明の一実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板(本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板)について、詳細に説明する。
図1は、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板の構造を模式的に示した説明図である。図2は、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板について説明するための説明図である。図3は、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板が示す応力-ひずみ曲線について説明するための説明図である。図4は、無方向性電磁鋼板が示す応力-ひずみ曲線の一例を示した図である。図5は、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法の流れの一例を示した流れ図である。
本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10の地鉄11は、質量%で、C:0.0015%~0.0040%、Si:3.5%~4.5%、Al:0.65%以下、Mn:0.2%~2.0%、P:0.005%~0.150%、S:0.0001%~0.0030%、Ti:0.0030%以下、Nb:0.0050%以下、Zr:0.0030%以下、Mo:0.030%以下、V:0.0030%以下、N:0.0010%~0.0030%、O:0.0010%~0.0500%、Cu:0.10%未満、Ni:0.50%未満を含有し、必要に応じてさらにSn又はSbの一方または両方を、それぞれ0.01質量%以上0.2質量%以下含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなる。
C(炭素)は、鉄損劣化を引き起こす元素である。C含有量が0.0040%を超える場合には、無方向性電磁鋼板において鉄損劣化が生じ、良好な磁気特性を得ることができない。従って、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10では、C含有量を、0.0040%以下とする。C含有量は、好ましくは、0.0035%以下、より好ましくは0.0030%以下である。
一方、C含有量が0.0015%未満となる場合には、無方向性電磁鋼板10において上降伏点が生じず、良好な降伏比が得られない。従って、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10では、C含有量を、0.0015%以上とする。本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板において、C含有量は、好ましくは、0.0020%以上であり、より好ましくは、0.0025%以上である。
Si(ケイ素)は、鋼の電気抵抗を上昇させて渦電流損を低減させ、高周波鉄損を改善する元素である。また、Siは、固溶強化能が大きいため、無方向性電磁鋼板10の高強度化にも有効な元素である。上記効果を十分に発揮させるためには、3.5%以上のSiを含有させることが必要である。好ましくは、3.6%以上である。
一方、Si含有量が4.5%を超える場合には、加工性が著しく劣化し、冷間圧延を実施することが困難となる。従って、Si含有量は、4.5%以下とする。Si含有量は、好ましくは、4.0%以下であり、より好ましくは、3.9%以下である。
Al(アルミニウム)は、無方向性電磁鋼板の電気抵抗を上昇させることで渦電流損を低減し、高周波鉄損を改善するために有効な元素である。一方で、Alは、鋼板製造過程における加工性と、製品の磁束密度と、を低下させる影響もある。そのため、Al含有量を0.65%以下とする。
また、コア焼鈍後において良好な磁気特性を得るためには、固溶Tiの悪影響を抑制することが肝要であるが、Al含有量が高い場合には、窒化物としてTiNではなくAlNが析出して、固溶Tiが増加する。Al含有量が0.50%を超える場合には、無方向性電磁鋼板の磁束密度が著しく低下し、また脆化することで冷間圧延を実施することが困難となり、コア焼鈍後の磁気特性が劣位となる。従って、コア焼鈍後の磁気特性を考慮すれば、Al含有量は、0.50%以下とすることが好ましい。Al含有量は、より好ましくは、0.40%以下であり、さらに好ましくは、0.35%以下である。
一方、Al含有量の下限値は、特に規定するものではなく0%でもよいが、Al含有量を0.0005%未満とするには、製鋼での負荷が高く、コストが増加してしまう。そのため、Al含有量は0.0005%以上とすることが好ましい。また、高周波鉄損を改善する効果を得る場合には、Al含有量は、好ましくは、0.10%以上であり、より好ましくは、0.20%以上である。
Mn(マンガン)は、鋼の電気抵抗を上昇させて渦電流損を低減し、高周波鉄損を改善するために有効な元素である。上記効果を十分に発揮させるためには、0.2%以上のMnを含有させることが必要である。また、Mn含有量が0.2%未満となる場合には、微細な硫化物(MnS)が析出することで、コア焼鈍時の粒成長性が劣化するので、好ましくない。Mn含有量は、好ましくは、0.4%以上、より好ましくは、0.5%以上である。
一方、Mn含有量が2.0%を超える場合には、磁束密度の低下が顕著となる。従って、Mn含有量は、2.0%以下とする。Mn含有量は、好ましくは、1.7%以下であり、より好ましくは、1.5%以下である。
P(リン)は、固溶強化能が大きく、加えて磁気特性の向上に有利な{100}集合組織を増加させる効果も有する元素であり、高強度と高磁束密度とを両立するうえで極めて有効な元素である。更に、{100}集合組織の増加は、無方向性電磁鋼板10の板面内における機械特性の異方性を低減することにも寄与するので、Pは、無方向性電磁鋼板10の打ち抜き加工時の寸法精度を改善する効果も有する。このような強度、磁気特性、及び、寸法精度を改善する効果を得るためには、P含有量を0.005%以上とすることが必要である。P含有量は、好ましくは0.010%以上、より好ましくは0.020%以上である。
一方、P含有量が0.150%を超える場合には、無方向性電磁鋼板10の延性が著しく低下する。従って、Pの含有量は、0.150%以下とする。P含有量は、好ましくは、0.100%以下であり、より好ましくは、0.080%以下である。
S(硫黄)は、MnSの微細析出物を形成することで鉄損を増加させ、無方向性電磁鋼板10の磁気特性を劣化させる元素である。そのため、S含有量は、0.0030%以下とする必要がある。S含有量は、好ましくは、0.0020%以下、より好ましくは、0.0010%以下である。
一方、S含有量を0.0001%よりも低減させようとすると、いたずらにコストアップを招くのみである。従って、S含有量は、0.0001%以上とする。S含有量は、好ましくは、0.0003%以上であり、より好ましくは、0.0005%以上である。
Ti(チタン)は、鋼中に不可避的に混入し得る元素であり、炭素や窒素と結合して介在物(炭化物、窒化物)を形成する元素である。炭化物が形成された場合には、コア焼鈍中の結晶粒の成長が阻害されて、磁気特性が劣化する。従って、Ti含有量は、0.0030%以下とする。Ti含有量は、0.0015%以下であり、より好ましくは、0.0010%以下である。
一方、Ti含有量は0%でもよいが、0.0005%よりも低減させようとすると、いたずらにコストアップを招く。従って、Ti含有量は、0.0005%以上とすることが好ましい。
Nb(ニオブ)は、炭素や窒素と結合して介在物(炭化物、窒化物)を形成することで高強度化に寄与する元素である。しかしながら、Nbは高価な元素であり、含有量を0.0050%以下とする。また、Nbは、コア焼鈍中の結晶粒の成長を阻害して磁気特性を劣化させる元素でもある。従って、コア焼鈍後の磁気特性を考慮すれば、Nb含有量は、0.0030%以下とすることが好ましい。Nb含有量は、好ましくは、0.0010%以下であり、より好ましくは、測定限界以下(tr.)(0%を含む)である。
Zr(ジルコニウム)は、炭素や窒素と結合して介在物(炭化物、窒化物)を形成することで高強度化に寄与する元素である。しかしながら、Zrは、コア焼鈍中の結晶粒の成長を阻害して磁気特性を劣化させる元素でもある。従って、Zr含有量は、0.0030%以下とする。Zr含有量は、好ましくは、0.0010%以下であり、より好ましくは、測定限界以下(tr.)(0%を含む)である。
Mo(モリブデン)は、不可避的に混入し得る元素であり、炭素と結合して介在物(炭化物)を形成する元素である。ただし、Moは、コア焼鈍が実施されるような750℃以上の温度では溶体化しやすいので、若干の混入が許容される。しかしながら、混入量が増えすぎると結晶粒の成長を阻害して磁気特性を劣化させるので、Mo含有量は、0.030%以下とする。Mo含有量は、好ましくは、0.020%以下であり、より好ましくは0.015%以下であり、測定限界以下(tr.)(0%を含む)でもよい。
一方、Mo含有量を0.0005%よりも低減させようとすると、いたずらにコストアップを招く。従って、製造コストの観点からは、Mo含有量は、0.0005%以上とすることが好ましい。Mo含有量は、好ましくは、0.0010%以上である。
V(バナジウム)は、炭素や窒素と結合して介在物(炭化物、窒化物)を形成することで高強度化に寄与する元素である。しかしながら、Vは、コア焼鈍中の結晶粒の成長を阻害して磁気特性を劣化させる元素でもある。従って、V含有量は、0.0030%以下とする。V含有量は、好ましくは、0.0010%以下であり、より好ましくは、測定限界以下(tr.)(0%を含む)である。
N(窒素)は、不可避的に混入する元素であり、磁気時効を引き起こして鉄損を増加させ、無方向性電磁鋼板10の磁気特性を劣化させる元素である。そのため、N含有量は、0.0030%以下とする必要がある。N含有量は、好ましくは、0.0025%以下であり、より好ましくは、0.0020%以下である。
一方、N含有量を0.0010%よりも低減させようとすると、いたずらにコストアップを招く。従って、N含有量は、0.0010%以上とする。
O(酸素)は、不可避的に混入する元素であり、酸化物を形成することで鉄損を増加させ、無方向性電磁鋼板10の磁気特性を劣化させる元素である。そのため、O含有量は、0.0500%以下とする必要がある。Oは、焼鈍工程において混入することもあるので、スラブ段階(すなわち、レードル値)においては、0.0050%以下とすることが好ましい。
一方、O含有量を0.0010%よりも低減させようとすると、いたずらにコストアップを招く。従って、O含有量は、0.0010%以上とする。
[Ni:0.50%未満]
Cu(銅)及びNi(ニッケル)は、不可避的に混入し得る元素である。意図的なCu及びNiの添加は、無方向性電磁鋼板10の製造コストを増加させる。従って、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10では、添加する必要がない。
Cu含有量は、製造工程において不可避的に混入しうる最大値である0.10%未満とする。
一方で、特に、Niは、無方向性電磁鋼板10の強度を向上させる元素でもあり、意図的に添加して含有させてもよい。ただし、Niは高価であるため、意図的に含有させる場合でも、その含有量の上限を0.50%未満とする。
Cu含有量及びNi含有量の下限は、特に限定されるものではなく0%でもよいが、Cu含有量及びNi含有量を0.005%よりも低減させようとすると、いたずらにコストアップを招く。従って、Cu含有量及びNiの含有量は、いずれも0.005%以上とすることが好ましい。Cu含有量及びNi含有量は、好ましくは、それぞれ、0.01%以上、0.09%以下であり、より好ましくは、0.02%以上、0.06%以下である。
[Sb:0%~0.20%]
Sn(スズ)及びSb(アンチモン)は、鋼板の表面に偏析し焼鈍中の酸化を抑制することで、低い鉄損を確保するのに有用な任意添加元素である。従って、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板では、上記効果を得るために、Sn又はSbの少なくとも何れか一方を、任意添加元素として地鉄中に含有させてもよい。上記効果を十分に発揮させるためには、Sn含有量又はSb含有量を、それぞれ0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは、0.03%以上である。
一方、Sn含有量又はSb含有量がそれぞれ0.20%を超える場合には、地鉄の延性が低下して冷間圧延が困難となる可能性がある。従って、Sn含有量又はSb含有量は、含有させる場合でも、それぞれ0.20%以下とすることが好ましい。Sn又はSbを地鉄中に含有させる場合に、Sn含有量又はSb含有量は、より好ましくは、0.10%以下である。
本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10の地鉄11は、以上説明したような化学成分を有しているが、地鉄11のC、Ti、Nb、Zr、Vの含有量は、更に、以下の式(1)で表される条件を満足することが好ましい。
ここで、上記式(1)において、[X]との表記は、元素Xの含有量(単位:質量%)を表す、すなわち、例えば[C]であれば、質量%でのC含有量を表す。
上記式(1)の左辺で与えられる値は、小さければ小さいほど好ましく、その下限値は特に規定されるものではないが、本実施形態に係る地鉄11における上記元素の下限値に基づき、0.00000075という値が実質的な下限値となる。
上記の元素の他に、不純物として、Pb、Bi、As、B、Se、Mg、Ca、La、Ceなどの元素が0.0001%~0.0050%の範囲で含まれていても、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板の効果を損なうものではない。
本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10において、地鉄11の平均結晶粒径は、以下で詳述する仕上焼鈍を経た後(コア焼鈍が行われていない状態)の時点で、10μm~40μmという微細化された状態となっている。地鉄11の平均結晶粒径が10μm~40μmの範囲内に微細化されることで、地鉄11中の粒界の割合を増加させることができ、歪時効現象を生じさせることが可能となる。
このような微細化された平均結晶粒径は、以下で詳述する仕上焼鈍工程において、特定の雰囲気下において特定の焼鈍温度及び均熱時間の焼鈍を行った後、特定の冷却速度で冷却を行うことによって実現される。地鉄11の平均結晶粒径は、仕上焼鈍時における熱処理条件を変更することで、制御することが可能である。
一方、仕上焼鈍後(コア焼鈍が行われていない状態)の地鉄11の平均結晶粒径が40μmを超える場合には、平均結晶粒径が大きくなりすぎる結果、ロータに求められる優れた強度及び降伏比が得られなくなるので、好ましくない。地鉄11の平均結晶粒径は、好ましくは、15μm~30μmの範囲内であり、より好ましくは、20μm~25μmの範囲内である。
以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10は、コア焼鈍を施していない状態では、地鉄11の平均結晶粒径は10μm~40μmの範囲内であり、結晶粒が微細化された状態にある。この無方向性電磁鋼板10を用いて、ロータ及びステータの形状に打ち抜くことで(工程1)、ロータ及びステータを製造するための部材が製造される。続いて、製造したロータ製造用部材、及び、ステータ製造用部材のそれぞれを、積層する(工程2)。打ち抜き工程及び積層工程を経た後も、積層された各部材における地鉄11の平均結晶粒径は、10μm~40μmの範囲内にある。
本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10では、上記化学組成を有し、かつ仕上焼鈍後(コア焼鈍が行われていない状態)の地鉄11の平均結晶粒径が10μm~40μmと微細化されている。その結果、引張強度は、580MPa~700MPaとなる。
本実施形態において、上降伏点とは、図3のA点のように、引張強度以前(引張強度を示す位置より左側)の微小歪域における、応力が最大値を示す点と定義する。下降伏点とは、上降伏点を過ぎた後に応力値が低下する点である。無方向性電磁鋼板では他鋼種に見られるような一定値とはなりにくいので、本実施形態では下降伏点を、図3のB点のように、上降伏点から引張強度を示す点の間における、応力が最小値を示す点と定義する。
また、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10では、上降伏点(図3における点A)の応力値と、下降伏点(図3における点B)の応力値との差分(図3におけるΔσ)は、5MPa以上となることが好ましい。Δσが、5MPa以上であれば、0.82以上の降伏比が得やすくなる。
焼鈍温度を、一般的な無方向性電磁鋼板の仕上焼鈍温度である950℃、1000℃とした場合、地鉄11の平均結晶粒径は、950℃の場合で54μm、1000℃の場合で77μmとなった。一方で、焼鈍温度を、以下で詳述するような本実施形態に係る仕上焼鈍温度の範囲内である800℃、850℃、または900℃とした場合には、地鉄11の平均結晶粒径は、800℃の場合で16μm、850℃の場合で25μm、900℃の場合で37μmとなった。
得られた5種類の無方向性電磁鋼板10の応力-ひずみ曲線の測定結果は、図4に示した通りである。
本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10における地鉄11の板厚(図1における厚みt、無方向性電磁鋼板10の製品板厚と捉えることができる。)は、高周波鉄損を低減するために0.30mm以下とする必要がある。一方、地鉄11の板厚tが0.10mm未満である場合には、板厚が薄いために焼鈍ラインの通板が困難となる可能性がある。従って、無方向性電磁鋼板10における地鉄11の板厚tは、0.10mm以上、0.30mm以下とする。無方向性電磁鋼板10における地鉄11の板厚tは、好ましくは、0.15mm以上、0.25mm以下である。
本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10では、仕上焼鈍後(コア焼鈍が行われていない状態)の鉄損W10/800は、50W/kg以下である。鉄損W10/800は、好ましくは、48W/kg以下であり、より好ましくは、45W/kg以下である。
本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10は、上記のような所定のコア焼鈍を施すことで地鉄11の結晶粒が成長して、より優れた鉄損を示すようになる。本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10は、鉄損W10/400が、11W/Kg以下となることが好ましい。鉄損W10/400は、より好ましくは、10W/Kg以下である。ここで、コア焼鈍の条件は、例えば、露点-40℃の窒素雰囲気において、焼鈍温度800℃、均熱時間120分とすることができる。
再び図1に戻って、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10が有していることが好ましい絶縁被膜13について、簡単に説明する。
続いて、図5を参照しながら、以上説明したような本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10の製造方法について、詳細に説明する。図5は、本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法の流れの一例を示した流れ図である。
本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板10の製造方法では、まず、上記の化学組成を有する鋼塊(スラブ)を加熱し、加熱された鋼塊について熱間圧延を行って、熱延板(熱延鋼板)を得る(ステップS101)。熱間圧延に供する際の鋼塊の加熱温度については、特に規定するものではないが、例えば、1050℃以上、1200℃以下とすることが好ましい。また、熱間圧延後の熱延板の板厚についても、特に規定するものではないが、地鉄の最終板厚を考慮して、例えば、1.5mm~3.0mm程度とすることが好ましい。鋼塊に対して以上のような熱間圧延が施されることで、地鉄11の表面には、Feの酸化物を主体とするスケールが生成される。
上記熱間圧延の後には、熱延板焼鈍が実施される(ステップS103)。熱延板焼鈍においては、例えば、焼鈍雰囲気中の露点を-20℃以上、50℃以下とし、焼鈍温度を850℃以上、1100℃以下とし、かつ、均熱時間を10秒以上、150秒以下とすることが好ましい。均熱時間とは、熱延板焼鈍に供される熱延板の温度が、最高到達板温±5℃の範囲内となっている時間をいう。
一方、焼鈍温度が1100℃を超える場合、又は、均熱時間が150秒を超える場合には、後段の冷間圧延工程において地鉄が破断してしまう可能性が生じるので、好ましくない。
焼鈍温度は、好ましくは、900℃以上、1050℃以下であり、より好ましくは、950℃以上、1050℃以下である。また、均熱時間は、好ましくは、20秒以上、100秒以下であり、より好ましくは、30秒以上、80秒以下である。
800℃~500℃までの温度域での冷却速度が10℃/秒未満となる場合には、固溶Cによる歪時効が十分得られず、上降伏点が生じにくくなり、降伏比が低下する。平均冷却速度が10℃/秒以上の強冷却とするには、後段から流入させるガス量を増加する等により達成できる。
一方、機械特性の観点では、板温800℃~500℃までの平均冷却速度は高い程好ましいが、平均冷却速度が速すぎると板形状が劣化して生産性、鋼板品質を損なうので、上限を100℃/秒とする。
上記熱延板焼鈍の後には、酸洗が実施され(ステップS105)、地鉄11の表面に生成したスケール層が除去される。酸洗に用いられる酸の濃度、酸洗に用いる促進剤の濃度、酸洗液の温度等の酸洗条件は、特に限定されるものではなく、公知の酸洗条件とすることができる。
上記酸洗の後には、冷間圧延が実施される(ステップS107)。
冷間圧延では、地鉄の最終板厚が0.10mm以上0.30mm以下となるような圧下率で、スケール層の除去された酸洗板が圧延される。冷間圧延により、地鉄11の金属組織は、冷間圧延によって得られる冷延組織となる。
上記冷間圧延の後には、仕上焼鈍が実施される(ステップS109)。
本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、仕上焼鈍工程は、上記のような地鉄11の平均結晶粒径を実現し、かつ、降伏現象を生じさせるために、重要な工程である。仕上焼鈍工程において、焼鈍雰囲気は、露点が-20℃~50℃である湿潤雰囲気とし、焼鈍温度は、750℃以上、900℃以下とし、均熱時間は、10秒以上、100秒未満とする。均熱時間とは、仕上焼鈍に供される冷延鋼板の温度が、最高到達板温±5℃の範囲内となっている時間をいう。上記焼鈍条件下で仕上焼鈍を行い、後述するような冷却を行うことで、上記のような地鉄11の平均結晶粒径を実現し、かつ、降伏現象を生じさせることができる。
板温750℃から600℃までの冷却速度が25℃/秒未満となる場合には、冷却速度が遅くなりすぎて地鉄11の結晶粒を十分に微細化することができず、上記のような10μm~40μmという平均結晶粒径を実現することができない可能性がある。更に、板温750℃から600℃までの冷却速度が25℃/秒未満となる場合には、冷却過程でTiCなどの炭化物の析出が生じ、固溶Cが減少してしまうので、固溶Cによる歪時効が十分得られず、上降伏点が生じにくくなり、降伏比が低下する。一方、板温750℃から600℃までの冷却速度の上限値は、特に規定するものではないが、実際には、100℃/秒程度が上限となる。板温750℃から600℃までの冷却速度は、好ましくは、30℃/秒以上60℃/秒以下である。
また、板温が400℃から100℃の間において、少なくとも一部の温度区間において冷却速度が20℃/秒以下の緩冷却(瞬間冷却速度が20℃/秒以下となる場合を含む)を行うことで、固溶Cによる歪時効が進み、上降伏点がより生じやすくなる。少なくとも一部の温度区間において緩冷却を行うことによって、鋼板が400℃~100℃の温度範囲に16秒以上滞留することがより好ましい。
上記仕上焼鈍の後には、必要に応じて、絶縁被膜の形成工程が実施される(ステップS111)。ここで、絶縁被膜の形成工程については、特に限定されるものではなく、上記のような公知の絶縁被膜処理液を用いて、公知の方法により処理液の塗布及び乾燥を行えばよい。
続いて、再び図2を参照しながら、以上説明したような本実施形態に係る無方向性電磁鋼板を用いた、モータコア(ロータ/ステータ)の製造方法について、簡単に説明する。
得られた熱延鋼板に対して、露点10℃の雰囲気にて、1000℃×50秒の熱延板焼鈍を行った。熱延板焼鈍後の800~500℃の平均冷却速度は、No.6が7.0℃/秒であり、その他は、35℃/秒であった。熱延板焼鈍後、酸洗により表面のスケールを除去した。
こうして得られた酸洗板(酸洗後の熱延鋼板)を、冷間圧延により板厚0.25mmの冷延鋼板とした。更に、水素10%、窒素90%、露点0℃の混合雰囲気にて、以下の表2A、表2Bに示すような平均結晶粒径となるように、仕上焼鈍条件(焼鈍温度及び均熱時間)を変えて焼鈍した。具体的には、平均結晶粒径が大きくなるように制御する場合には、仕上焼鈍温度をより高く、及び/又は、均熱時間をより長くした。また、平均結晶粒径が小さくなるように制御する場合は、その逆とした。
仕上焼鈍時における750℃以上900℃以下の温度域までの加熱速度は、いずれも100℃/秒であった。また、仕上焼鈍後の750℃から600℃までの温度域での冷却速度は、No.7及びNo.13のみ10℃/秒であり、その他は35℃/秒であった。
仕上焼鈍時の400~100℃の冷却速度の最小値は表2A、表2Bに示す通りであった。発明例においては、いずれも400~100℃における冷却速度の最小値が20℃/秒以下であり、400~100℃の間の滞留時間も16秒以上であった。
更に、仕上焼鈍後、かつ、疑似コア焼鈍前の無方向性電磁鋼板から、JIS Z2241に従い圧延方向に引張試験片を採取し、引張試験を行って、降伏点、引張強度(TS)、及び、降伏比を計測した。上記のように計測した各種特性を、以下の表2A、表2Bにまとめて示した。
その他の発明例では、疑似コア焼鈍後の磁気特性においても、良好な結果が得られた。
11 地鉄
13 絶縁被膜
Claims (6)
- 化学組成が、質量%で、
C :0.0015%~0.0040%、
Si:3.5%~4.5%、
Al:0.65%以下、
Mn:0.2%~2.0%、
Sn:0%~0.20%、
Sb:0%~0.20%、
P :0.005%~0.150%、
S :0.0001%~0.0030%、
Ti:0.0030%以下、
Nb:0.0050%以下、
Zr:0.0030%以下、
Mo:0.030%以下、
V :0.0030%以下、
N :0.0010%~0.0030%、
O :0.0010%~0.0500%、
Cu:0.10%未満、
Ni:0.50%未満、
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなり、
製品板厚が、0.10mm~0.30mmであり、
平均結晶粒径が、10μm~40μmであり、
鉄損W10/800が、50W/Kg以下であり、
引張強度が、580MPa~700MPaであり、
降伏比が、0.82以上である、
無方向性電磁鋼板。 - C、Ti、Nb、Zr、Vの含有量が、以下の式(1)で表される条件を満足する、請求項1に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
[C]×([Ti]+[Nb]+[Zr]+[V])<0.000010・・・(1)
ここで、上記式(1)において、[X]との表記は、元素Xの含有量(単位:質量%)を表す。 - 焼鈍温度750℃以上900℃以下、均熱時間10分~180分の範囲内となる焼鈍条件下での焼鈍によって、平均結晶粒径が、60μm~150μmであり、かつ、鉄損W10/400が、11W/Kg以下となる、請求項1又は2に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 上降伏点及び下降伏点を有しており、上降伏点が下降伏点よりも5MPa以上高い、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Sn:0.01%~0.20%、
Sb:0.01%~0.20%、
のいずれか一方または両方を含有する、
請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。 - 表面に更に絶縁被膜を有する、請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
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US11279985B2 (en) | 2022-03-22 |
TWI683009B (zh) | 2020-01-21 |
TW201908498A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
KR20190127964A (ko) | 2019-11-13 |
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