WO2018138928A1 - 表面処理めっき材、コネクタ端子、コネクタ、ffc端子、ffc、fpc及び電子部品 - Google Patents
表面処理めっき材、コネクタ端子、コネクタ、ffc端子、ffc、fpc及び電子部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018138928A1 WO2018138928A1 PCT/JP2017/003243 JP2017003243W WO2018138928A1 WO 2018138928 A1 WO2018138928 A1 WO 2018138928A1 JP 2017003243 W JP2017003243 W JP 2017003243W WO 2018138928 A1 WO2018138928 A1 WO 2018138928A1
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- 0 CC=N[C@]1C=CC(C(*)=CC(*)C=C2)=C2C=C1 Chemical compound CC=N[C@]1C=CC(C(*)=CC(*)C=C2)=C2C=C1 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/018—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
- C25D5/505—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment of electroplated tin coatings, e.g. by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
- C25D5/611—Smooth layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/30—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/46—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/54—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25D3/04 - C25D3/50
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/50—Fixed connections
- H01R12/51—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures
- H01R12/55—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals
- H01R12/58—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals terminals for insertion into holes
- H01R12/585—Terminals having a press fit or a compliant portion and a shank passing through a hole in the printed circuit board
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface treatment plating material, a connector terminal, a connector, an FFC terminal, FFC, FPC, and an electronic component.
- copper or copper alloy is used as a base material for electronic parts such as connectors and terminals used in various electronic equipment such as automobiles, home appliances, OA equipment, etc., and these are rust-proof, corrosion-resistant, and improved in electrical characteristics.
- the plating process is performed for the purpose of such functional improvement.
- plating such as Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, Ni, solder, and Pd.
- Sn plating materials plated with Sn or Sn alloy are from the viewpoint of cost, contact reliability, solderability, etc. Widely used in connectors, terminals, switches, outer lead parts of lead frames, and the like.
- a so-called Sn-based plating material such as Sn or Sn alloy has a problem of whisker generation.
- the whisker is a growth of a needle crystal of Sn and occurs in a metal having a relatively low melting point such as Sn or Zn. Whisker grows in a bowl shape to a length of several tens to several hundreds of ⁇ m and may cause an electrical short circuit. Therefore, it is desired to prevent the occurrence and growth of the whisker.
- Sn-based plating has a problem that contact resistance increases in a high temperature environment or solderability deteriorates.
- As a method for avoiding this problem there is a method of increasing the thickness of the Sn-based plating.
- this method newly causes a problem that the insertion force of terminals and connectors described later increases.
- Patent Document 1 describes an invention in which a Sn plating layer is applied to the surface of a steel plate, a chemical conversion film containing P and Si is formed on the top of the Sn plating layer, and the amount of this chemical conversion film is specified. ing.
- solderability and whisker resistance are excellent.
- Si is present on the plating surface, it is presumed that there is a problem that the contact resistance of the plating becomes high under a high temperature environment.
- Patent Document 2 describes an invention in which the surface of Sn or Sn alloy plating is treated with a solution having a compound containing amino nitrogen having at least two methylene groups to which phosphonic acid groups are bonded. ing.
- This invention describes a method of post-treating Sn or Sn alloy plating with a phosphoric acid-based solution, but does not mention the existence state and the amount of each element on the plated surface after the treatment. Therefore, it is expected that solderability and whisker resistance will not be improved at all depending on the treatment liquid composition and treatment conditions.
- JP 2004-360004 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-197771
- the Sn plating thickness can be reduced.
- the surface Sn is alloyed with Cu as the material or Ni and Cu as the base plating in a high temperature environment, so that Sn does not remain on the surface layer, and solderability and contact resistance deteriorate.
- the present invention provides a surface-treated plating material that suppresses the generation of whiskers, maintains good solderability and low contact resistance even when exposed to a high temperature environment, and has a low terminal / connector insertion force. It is an issue to provide.
- a plating containing Sn or In (hereinafter referred to as Sn / In plating) is applied on the Ni base plating.
- a surface-treated plating material that suppresses the generation of whiskers by performing a surface treatment with a specific liquid on the top and can maintain good solderability and low contact resistance even when exposed to a high temperature environment. It was found that it can be obtained.
- the surface-treated plating material can make the surface Sn / In plating thinner, the insertion force when used as a terminal / connector is low. Such a phenomenon cannot be predicted from conventional knowledge.
- an upper layer is provided on a base material, the upper layer includes a plating material containing Sn or In, and the following general formula [1] or [ 2] and a compound represented by the following general formula [3], and one or more selected from the group consisting of D constituent compounds represented by the following general formulas [4] to [8] It is the surface treatment plating material which made 2 or more types adhere to the surface of the said upper layer side.
- R 1 and R 2 represent alkyl and substituted alkyl, and M 1 represents hydrogen and an alkali metal.
- R 3 represents an alkali metal or hydrogen.
- R 4 and R 5 represent alkyl and substituted alkyl, M 2 represents an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and n represents an integer.
- R 6 represents hydrogen, alkyl, or substituted alkyl
- R 7 represents an alkali metal, hydrogen, alkyl, or substituted alkyl.
- n and m represent integers.
- R 8 represents alkyl or substituted alkyl.
- R 9 and R 10 represent alkyl and substituted alkyl.
- the total amount of the D constituent compounds present on the surface of the plated material is 0.005 to 10.0 ⁇ g / mm 2 .
- the plating material is formed from the A constituent element group, which is a group consisting of Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu formed on the base material.
- B which is a group consisting of Sn and In, a lower layer composed of one or more selected species, one or more selected from the A constituent element group formed on the lower layer, and An intermediate layer composed of one or two selected from the constituent element group, one or two selected from the B constituent element group formed on the intermediate layer, Ag, Au, Pt, And an upper layer made of an alloy of one or more selected from the C constituent element group, which is a group consisting of Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, and Ir.
- the lower layer has a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and less than 5.00 ⁇ m
- the middle layer has a thickness of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.40 ⁇ m
- the upper layer Is 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 1.00 ⁇ m.
- the upper layer contains 10 to 50 at% of the metal of the B constituent element group.
- a ⁇ (zeta) phase that is a SnAg alloy containing 11.8 to 22.9 at% of Sn exists in the upper layer.
- an ⁇ (epsilon) phase that is Ag 3 Sn exists in the upper layer.
- the upper layer includes a ⁇ (zeta) phase that is a SnAg alloy containing 11.8 to 22.9 at% of Sn and ⁇ (epsilon) that is Ag 3 Sn. ) Phase exists.
- an ⁇ (epsilon) phase that is Ag 3 Sn and ⁇ Sn that is a Sn single phase are present in the upper layer.
- the upper layer includes a ⁇ (zeta) phase that is a SnAg alloy containing 11.8 to 22.9 at% of Sn and ⁇ (epsilon) that is Ag 3 Sn. ) Phase and ⁇ Sn, which is a single Sn phase.
- the intermediate layer contains 35 at% or more of the metal of the B constituent element group.
- Ni 3 Sn 4 is present in the intermediate layer.
- Ni 3 Sn 4 and ⁇ Sn that is a Sn single phase are present in the intermediate layer.
- the surface-treated plated material according to the present invention is a hardness obtained by measuring the surface of the upper layer with a load of 3 mN and measuring the surface of the upper layer with an ultrafine hardness meter.
- the indentation hardness of the surface is 1000 MPa or more and 10,000 MPa or less.
- the arithmetic average height (Ra) of the surface of the upper layer is 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum height (Rz) of the surface of the upper layer is 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the total of metals of the A constituent element group is 50 mass% or more of Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and further, B, P, Sn And one or more selected from the group consisting of Zn.
- the metal of the B constituent element group is 50 mass% or more in total of Sn and In, and the remaining alloy components are Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Co , Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, W, and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Zn and Zn.
- the total amount of metals of the C constituent element group is 50 mass% or more in total of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, and Ir, From one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, In, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, W, Tl and Zn Become.
- the intermediate layer is composed of Ni 3 Sn and Ni 3 Sn 2 .
- the intermediate layer is made of Ni 3 Sn 2 .
- the intermediate layer is made of Ni 3 Sn 4 .
- the surface-treated plated material of the present invention further includes a layer composed of an alloy of a metal of the A constituent element group and a metal of the C constituent element group between the lower layer and the middle layer.
- a connector terminal provided with the surface-treated plating material of the present invention at a contact portion.
- the present invention is a connector provided with the connector terminal of the present invention.
- the present invention is an FFC terminal provided with the surface-treated plating material of the present invention at a contact portion.
- the present invention is an FFC including the FFC terminal of the present invention.
- the present invention is an FPC provided with the FFC terminal of the present invention.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electronic component including the surface treatment plating material of the present invention on an external connection electrode.
- a female terminal connection portion is provided on one side of a mounting portion to be attached to the housing, and a substrate connection portion is provided on the other side, and the substrate connection portion is press-fitted into a through hole formed in the substrate.
- the electronic component includes a press-fit terminal attached to the substrate, and the press-fit terminal is an electronic component that is the surface-treated plating material of the present invention.
- a surface-treated plating material that suppresses the generation of whiskers, maintains good solderability and low contact resistance even when exposed to a high temperature environment, and has low terminal / connector insertion force. Can be provided.
- the surface-treated plated material 10 As shown in FIG. 1, in the surface-treated plated material 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a lower layer 12 is formed on a substrate 11, an intermediate layer 13 is formed on the layer 12, and a layer 13 is formed. An upper layer 14 is formed thereon. Further, the surface treatment plating material 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention has a base layer 11 or a lower layer 12 formed on a base material 11, and an alloy layer of the layer 12 and Sn / In-based plating on the layer 12 or An intermediate layer 13 may be formed, and a plated layer containing Sn or In or an upper layer 14 may be formed on the layer 13.
- the base layer 11 is provided with the upper layer 14, and the upper layer includes a plated material containing Sn or In.
- the plating material surface includes a compound represented by the following general formula [1] or [2] and a compound represented by the following general formula [3], and further includes the following general formulas [4] to [8]. 1 type or 2 types or more selected from the D constituent compound group represented by this are adhering to the surface of the said upper layer side.
- Substrate 11 Although it does not specifically limit as the base material 11, for example, metal base materials, such as copper and a copper alloy, Fe-type material, stainless steel, titanium and a titanium alloy, aluminum, and an aluminum alloy, can be used. Alternatively, a metal base and a resin layer may be combined. Examples of composites of resin layers on metal substrates include electrode portions on FPC (Flexible Printed Circuits) or FFC (Flexible Flat Cable) substrates.
- FPC Flexible Printed Circuits
- FFC Flexible Flat Cable
- the layer 14 shown in FIG. 1 includes one or two selected from plating containing Sn or In, or a B constituent element group which is a group consisting of Sn and In, and Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Ru. It is desirable that the alloy is composed of one or more alloys selected from a group of C constituent elements, which is a group consisting of Rh, Os, and Ir.
- Sn and In are oxidizable metals but are relatively soft among metals. Therefore, even if an oxide film is formed on the Sn and In surfaces, for example, when a male terminal and a female terminal are mated using a surface-treated plating material as a contact material, the oxide film is easily scraped, and the contacts become metal to metal. Low contact resistance can be obtained.
- Sn and In are excellent in gas corrosion resistance against gases such as chlorine gas, sulfurous acid gas, and hydrogen sulfide gas.
- gases such as chlorine gas, sulfurous acid gas, and hydrogen sulfide gas.
- Ag is inferior in gas corrosion resistance in layer 14
- Ni is inferior in gas corrosion resistance in layer 12
- Sn and In Sn is preferable because In is strictly regulated based on the technical guidelines for preventing health problems of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.
- Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, and Ir are characterized by relatively heat resistance among metals. Therefore, it suppresses that the composition of the base material 11, the layer 12, and the layer 13 diffuses to the layer 14 side, and improves heat resistance. In addition, these metals form a compound with Sn or In of the layer 14 to suppress the formation of an oxide film of Sn or In and improve solder wettability.
- Ag Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, and Ir
- Ag is more desirable from the viewpoint of conductivity. Ag has high conductivity. For example, when Ag is used for high frequency signal applications, the impedance resistance is lowered due to the skin effect.
- the thickness of the layer 14 is preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more and less than 1.00 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the layer 14 is less than 0.02 ⁇ m, the composition of the base material 11 and the layer 12 is easily diffused to the layer 14 side, and heat resistance and solder wettability are deteriorated. Further, the layer 14 is worn by fine sliding, and the layer 12 having a high contact resistance is easily exposed, so the resistance to fine sliding wear is poor, and the contact resistance is easily increased by fine sliding. Furthermore, since the layer 12 with poor gas corrosion resistance is easily exposed, the gas corrosion resistance is also poor, and when the gas corrosion test is performed, the appearance is discolored.
- the thickness of the layer 14 is 1.00 ⁇ m or more, the thin film lubrication effect by the hard base material 11 or the layer 12 is lowered and adhesion wear tends to be increased. In addition, mechanical durability is lowered, and plating scraping is likely to occur.
- the layer 14 is pure Sn or pure In, or alloy plating containing these elements, but preferably contains 10 to 50 at% of the metal of the B constituent element group.
- the metal of the B constituent element group is less than 10 at%, for example, when the metal of the C constituent element group is Ag, the gas corrosion resistance is poor, and when the gas corrosion test is performed, the appearance may be discolored.
- the metal of the B constituent element group exceeds 50 at%, the proportion of the metal of the B constituent element group in the layer 14 increases, and adhesion wear increases, and whiskers are likely to occur. Furthermore, there are cases where the resistance to fine sliding wear is poor.
- the layer 14 has a ⁇ (zeta) phase which is a SnAg alloy containing 11.8 to 22.9 at% of Sn.
- a ⁇ (zeta) phase which is a SnAg alloy containing 11.8 to 22.9 at% of Sn.
- the presence of the ⁇ (zeta) phase improves the gas corrosion resistance, and the appearance hardly changes even when a gas corrosion test is performed.
- a ⁇ (zeta) phase and an ⁇ (epsilon) phase that is Ag 3 Sn exist in the layer 14. Due to the presence of the ⁇ (epsilon) phase, the coating becomes harder and adhesion wear is reduced compared to the case where only the ⁇ (zeta) phase is present in the layer 14. Further, the increase in the Sn ratio of the layer 14 improves the gas corrosion resistance.
- ⁇ (epsilon) phase that is Ag 3 Sn exists in the layer 14.
- the existence of the ⁇ (epsilon) phase alone in the upper layer 14 makes the film harder and harder than in the case where the ⁇ (zeta) phase and the ⁇ (epsilon) phase of Ag 3 Sn exist in the layer 14. Wear is reduced. Moreover, gas corrosion resistance also improves because the Sn ratio of the layer 14 increases.
- an ⁇ (epsilon) phase that is Ag 3 Sn and ⁇ Sn that is a Sn single phase exist in the layer 14. Due to the presence of the ⁇ (epsilon) phase that is Ag 3 Sn and ⁇ Sn that is the Sn single phase, the Sn ratio of the upper layer is further increased compared to the case where only the ⁇ (epsilon) phase exists in the layer 14. As a result, the gas corrosion resistance is improved.
- the layer 14 may have a ⁇ (zeta) phase that is a SnAg alloy containing 11.8 to 22.9 at% of Sn, an ⁇ (epsilon) phase that is Ag 3 Sn, and ⁇ Sn that is a Sn single phase. preferable.
- a ⁇ (zeta) phase that is a SnAg alloy containing 11.8 to 22.9 at% of Sn
- an ⁇ (epsilon) phase that is Ag 3 Sn
- ⁇ Sn that is a Sn single phase.
- the presence of the ⁇ (zeta) phase, the ⁇ (epsilon) phase that is Ag 3 Sn, and ⁇ Sn that is the Sn single phase improves the gas corrosion resistance, and the appearance changes even when a gas corrosion test is performed. It is difficult to wear and adhesion wear decreases. This composition occurs by diffusion and is not an equilibrium structure.
- Layer 14 should not be present by ⁇ Sn alone. In the presence of ⁇ Sn alone, adhesion wear is large, whiskers are generated, and heat resistance, fine sliding wear resistance and the like deteriorate.
- the layer 13 shown in FIG. 1 is preferably formed between the layer 12 and the layer 14.
- Layer 13 is an alloy layer of Sn / In plating and layer 12, or one or more selected from an A constituent element group that is a group consisting of Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu, and It is comprised by 1 type or 2 types selected from the B structural element group which is the group which consists of Sn and In.
- the layer 13 is preferably formed with a thickness of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.40 ⁇ m.
- Sn and In are excellent in gas corrosion resistance against gases such as chlorine gas, sulfurous acid gas, and hydrogen sulfide gas.
- Ni is inferior in gas corrosion resistance in the lower layer 12, and copper and copper inferior in gas corrosion resistance in the base material 11.
- Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu are hard to cause adhesive wear because the film is harder than Sn and In, and prevent the constituent metals of the base material 11 from diffusing into the upper layer 14. Improve durability, such as suppressing property deterioration and solder wettability degradation.
- Sn is preferable because In is strictly regulated based on the technical guideline for preventing health problems of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Of Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Cu, Ni is preferable. This is because Ni is hard and adhesion wear hardly occurs, and sufficient bending workability is obtained.
- the B constituent element group metal is preferably 35 at% or more. If the Sn content is 35 at% or more, the film becomes hard and adhesion wear may be reduced.
- the layer 13 may be composed of Ni 3 Sn and Ni 3 Sn 2 , or may be composed of Ni 3 Sn 2 or Ni 3 Sn 4 alone. The presence of Ni 3 Sn, Ni 3 Sn 2 and Ni 3 Sn 4 may improve heat resistance and solder wettability. It is preferable that Ni 3 Sn 4 and ⁇ Sn which is a Sn single phase are present in the layer 13. The presence of these may improve the heat resistance and solder wettability as compared with the case where Ni 3 Sn 4 and Ni 3 Sn 2 exist.
- the minimum thickness ( ⁇ m) of the layer 14 satisfies 50% or more of the thickness ( ⁇ m) of the layer 14.
- the minimum thickness of the layer 14 is less than 50% of the thickness of the layer 14, the surface roughness of the layer 14 is rough, the contact resistance is high, the solder is difficult to wet, and Ni having poor gas corrosion resistance is exposed on the surface. Heat resistance, solder wettability, and gas corrosion resistance may deteriorate.
- the place where the relationship between the thickness of the layer 14 and the minimum thickness of the upper layer 14 is grasped is the average cross section of the portion that exhibits the function and effect of the film of the present invention.
- a portion where the film is normally formed in the normal surface profile of the material excluding oil pits, etch pits, scratches, marks, and other surface defect portions) is shown. Needless to say, it does not include a deformed portion by press working before and after film formation.
- C, S, and O are each contained in 2 at% or less from the layer 14 to the layer 13 excluding the range of 0.03 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of the layer 14.
- these eutectoid elements may be gasified when heat treatment is performed, and a uniform alloy film may not be formed.
- the layer 12 shown in FIG. 1 is preferably formed on the substrate 11.
- the layer 12 is composed of one or more selected from any base plating or A constituent element group which is a group consisting of Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Cu.
- a constituent element group which is a group consisting of Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Cu.
- the thickness of the layer 12 is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the layer 12 is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, the thin film lubricating effect by the hard layer 12 is lowered and adhesion wear tends to increase. Furthermore, the constituent metals of the base material 11 are likely to diffuse into the layer 14 and heat resistance and solder wettability are likely to deteriorate.
- the thickness of the lower layer 12 is preferably less than 5.00 ⁇ m. If the thickness is 5.00 ⁇ m or more, the bending workability tends to deteriorate.
- a layer made of an alloy of a metal of the A constituent element group and a metal of the C constituent element group may be further provided.
- the layer for example, a Ni—Ag alloy layer is preferable. If such a layer is formed between the layer 12 and the layer 13, the constituent metal of the base material 11 is further prevented from diffusing into the layer 14 and the heat resistance, solder wettability, etc. are improved. .
- the metal of the A constituent element group is 50 mass% or more in total of Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu, and further includes one or more selected from the group consisting of B, P, Sn, and Zn But it ’s okay.
- the layer 12 is further hardened to further improve the thin film lubrication effect and further reduce the adhesion wear. It may further prevent the metal from diffusing into the upper layer, and may improve durability such as heat resistance and solder wettability.
- the B group element group metals are 50 mass% or more in total of Sn and In, and the remaining alloy components are Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, You may consist of 1 type, or 2 or more types of metals selected from the group which consists of Sb, W, and Zn. These metals may further reduce adhesion wear, suppress whisker generation, and improve durability such as heat resistance and solder wettability.
- the metal of the C constituent element group is 50 mass% or more in total of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, and Ir, and the remaining alloy components are Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, In, Mn, You may consist of 1 type, or 2 or more types of metals selected from the group which consists of Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, W, Tl, and Zn. These metals may further reduce adhesion wear, suppress whisker generation, and improve durability such as heat resistance and solder wettability.
- Layer 14, layer 13, and layer 12 form one or more selected from the A constituent element group on the substrate 11, and then one or two selected from the C constituent element group After forming a film, one or more types selected from the B constituent element group are formed, and each element of the A constituent element group, the B constituent element group, and the C constituent element group is diffused to form each film. May be.
- the metal of the B constituent element group is Sn and the metal of the C constituent element group is Ag
- the diffusion of Ag into Sn is fast, and a Sn—Ag alloy layer is formed by natural diffusion.
- the adhesion force of Sn can be further reduced, and the low whisker property and durability can be further improved.
- heat treatment After the layer 14 is formed, heat treatment may be performed for the purpose of further suppressing adhesion wear and further improving the low whisker property and durability.
- the metal of the B constituent element group and the metal of the C constituent element group of the layer 14 the metal of the A constituent element group of the layer 13 and the metal of the B constituent element group can more easily form an alloy layer, and Sn adhesion force The whisker property and durability can be further improved.
- process conditions temperature x time
- this heat treatment is not particularly required. In the case where heat treatment is performed, it is preferable that the heat treatment is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the metal of the B constituent element group. It becomes easier to form an alloy layer with the metal of the B constituent element group.
- treatment conditions temperature ⁇ time
- Post-processing After the heat treatment is performed on the layer 14 or on the layer 14, a post-treatment is performed for the purpose of further reducing adhesion wear and improving the corrosion resistance and heat resistance. Post-treatment improves lubricity, further improves corrosion resistance, suppresses oxidation of the layer 14, and improves durability such as heat resistance and solder wettability. Specific post-treatments include rust prevention treatment using an inhibitor and a phosphoric acid compound, and lubrication treatment using an organic compound.
- the surface of the layer 14 is a liquid containing one or more phosphate esters, a mercaptobenzothiazole-based compound, and further a D constituent compound group (lubricant, rust inhibitor) (hereinafter, post-treatment liquid). Is called).
- ⁇ ⁇ Phosphate one of the essential components of this post-treatment solution, functions as an antioxidant and lubricant for plating.
- the phosphate ester used in the present invention is represented by the general formulas [1] and [2].
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the general formula [1] include lauryl acidic phosphoric acid monoester.
- Preferred examples of the compound represented by the general formula [2] include lauryl acid diphosphate.
- R 1 and R 2 represent alkyl and substituted alkyl
- M 1 represents hydrogen and an alkali metal
- the mercaptobenzothiazole compound which is another essential component of the post-treatment liquid, functions to prevent plating oxidation and corrosion.
- Preferred examples of the mercaptobenzothiazole compound used in the present invention include, for example, mercaptobenzothiazole, mercaptobenzothiazole Na salt, mercaptobenzothiazole K salt and the like as represented by the general formula [3]. is there.
- R 3 represents an alkali metal or hydrogen.
- the D constituent compound group added to the post-treatment liquid functions as lubrication and corrosion prevention.
- the group D constituent compounds used in the present invention are represented by the general formulas [4] to [8]. In the present invention, one or more of these are selected and added to the post-treatment liquid.
- Preferred examples of the general formula [4] include barium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, zinc dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, sodium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, lithium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, and the like. is there.
- Preferred examples of the compound represented by the general formula [5] include benzotriazole and benzotriazole Na salt.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the general formula [6] include paraffin wax and white petrolatum.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the general formula [7] include oleic acid amide, srealic acid amide, and lauric acid amide.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the general formula [8] include propylene glycol t-butyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether.
- R 4 and R 5 represent alkyl and substituted alkyl
- M 2 represents an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal
- n represents an integer.
- R 6 represents hydrogen, alkyl, or substituted alkyl
- R 7 represents an alkali metal, hydrogen, alkyl, or substituted alkyl.
- R 8 represents alkyl or substituted alkyl.
- R 9 and R 10 represent alkyl and substituted alkyl.
- the total amount of the D constituent compounds on the surface of the layer 14 is 0.005 to 10.0 ⁇ g / mm 2 , since the lubricity is good and the corrosion resistance is also better.
- the adhesion amount of the D constituent compound is less than 0.005 ⁇ g / mm 2 , the lubricity of the plating material is insufficient, and when the adhesion amount exceeds 10.0 ⁇ g / mm 2 , the appearance deteriorates and the contact resistance increases. .
- the plating is diffused or heat-treated and then immersed in the post-treatment liquid, electrolytic treatment in the post-treatment liquid, or application of the post-treatment liquid. I do. Furthermore, combinations such as application after electrolytic treatment are also possible.
- the post-treatment liquid for the plating material of the present invention one obtained by emulsifying each component in water or one obtained by dissolving each component in an organic solvent such as methanol can be used.
- the concentration of the phosphate ester for obtaining the adhesion amount of the post-treatment liquid component on the surface of the upper layer 14 of the present invention is 0.1 to 10 g / L, preferably 0.5 to 5 g / L with respect to the total volume of the treatment liquid. L.
- the concentration of the benzothiazole compound is 0.01 to 1.0 g / L, preferably 0.05 to 0.6 g / L with respect to the total volume of the treatment liquid.
- the concentration of the D constituent compound is 0.1 to 50 g / L, preferably 0.5 to 10 g / L, with respect to the total volume of the processing solution. It is preferable to carry out in a series of steps.
- the indentation hardness of the surface of the layer 14 is 1000 MPa or more, which is the hardness obtained by measuring the surface of the layer 14 by making a dent on the surface of the layer 14 with a load of 3 mN.
- the indentation hardness is 1000 MPa or more, the thin film lubricating effect by the hard upper layer 14 is improved, and adhesive wear is reduced.
- the indentation hardness of the upper layer surface is preferably 10,000 MPa or less.
- the indentation hardness of the surface of the upper layer 14 is 10000 MPa or less, bending workability is improved, and when the surface-treated plating material of the present invention is press-molded, cracks are hardly formed in the molded part, and gas corrosion resistance Suppresses the decline.
- the arithmetic average height (Ra) of the surface of the layer 14 is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less. When the arithmetic average height (Ra) of the surface of the layer 14 is 0.3 ⁇ m or less, convex portions that are relatively easily corroded are reduced and smoothed, and thus gas corrosion resistance is improved.
- the maximum height (Rz) of the surface of the layer 14 is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less. When the maximum height (Rz) of the surface of the upper layer 14 is 3 ⁇ m or less, the number of convex portions that are relatively easily corroded is reduced and smoothed, so that the gas corrosion resistance is improved.
- the use of the surface treatment plating material of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, a connector terminal using the surface treatment plating material for the contact portion, an FFC terminal or FPC terminal using the surface treatment plating material for the contact portion, and a surface treatment plating material
- Examples thereof include electronic parts used for external connection electrodes.
- a terminal it does not depend on the joining method with a wiring side, such as a crimp terminal, a solder terminal, and a press fit terminal.
- the external connection electrode include a connection component in which a surface treatment is performed on a tab and a material in which a surface treatment is applied to a semiconductor under bump metal.
- a connector may be produced using the connector terminal formed in this way, and an FFC or FPC may be produced using an FFC terminal or an FPC terminal.
- the surface-treated plating material of the present invention has a female terminal connecting part on one side of a mounting part to be attached to a housing and a board connecting part on the other side, and the board connecting part is press-fitted into a through hole formed on the board. Then, it may be used for a press-fit terminal attached to the substrate.
- both the male terminal and the female terminal may be the surface-treated plating material of the present invention, or only one of the male terminal and the female terminal.
- the low insertability is further improved by using both the male terminal and the female terminal as the surface-treated plating material of the present invention.
- ⁇ Method for producing surface-treated plated material> As a method for producing the surface-treated plating material of the present invention, wet (electrical, electroless) plating, dry (sputtering, ion plating, etc.) plating, or the like can be used.
- Example and comparative example of this invention are shown together, these are provided in order to understand this invention better, and this invention is not intended to limit.
- surface treatment was performed in the order of electrolytic degreasing, pickling, first plating, second plating, third plating, and heat treatment under the conditions shown in Table 1.
- Heat treatment The heat treatment was performed by placing a sample on a hot plate and confirming that the surface of the hot plate reached a predetermined temperature.
- Each component (phosphate ester, mercapto compound, D component compound) shown in Table 1 as a surface treatment solution is dissolved in isoparaffin (C 10 -C 12 ), and this solution is sprayed onto the surface of the plated material after heat treatment. It was applied and further dried with warm air.
- the surface treatment conditions at this time are shown in Table 2 below.
- the amount of the D constituent compound adhering to the plating surface is determined by first dissolving the deposit on the plating material surface in methanol, and then using an LC-QMS analyzer (ACQUITY UPLC H-CLASS, ACQUITY QDa detector manufactured by Waters). It was measured.
- the determination of the structure of the upper layer and the middle layer of the obtained sample and the thickness measurement were performed by line analysis by STEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis.
- the analyzed elements are upper layer, middle layer and lower layer compositions, C, S and O. These elements are designated elements. Further, the concentration (at%) of each element was analyzed with the total of the designated elements as 100%.
- the thickness corresponds to the distance obtained from line analysis (or surface analysis).
- JEM-2100F manufactured by JEOL Ltd. was used as the STEM apparatus.
- the acceleration voltage of this device is 200 kV. Determination of the structure of the upper layer and the middle layer of the obtained sample and measurement of the thickness were performed by evaluating 10 points and averaging.
- the thickness of the lower layer was measured with a fluorescent X-ray film thickness meter (SFT 9550X manufactured by Seiko Instruments, collimator 0.1 mm ⁇ ). The thickness of the lower layer was averaged by evaluating 10 points.
- the contact resistance was measured by the 4-terminal method using a contact simulator CRS-113-Au type manufactured by Yamazaki Seiki Laboratories under the condition of a contact load of 50 g. The number of samples was 5, and the range from the minimum value to the maximum value of each sample was adopted. The target characteristic is a contact resistance of 10 m ⁇ or less.
- the heat resistance was evaluated by measuring the contact resistance of the sample after the atmospheric heating (180 ° C x 1000 h) test.
- the target characteristic is a contact resistance of 10 m ⁇ or less, and the maximum target is that the contact resistance does not change before and after the heat resistance test (is equivalent).
- the fine sliding wear resistance is based on the precision sliding test equipment CRS-G2050 manufactured by Yamazaki Seiki Laboratories, with a sliding distance of 0.5 mm, a sliding speed of 1 mm / s, and a contact load of 1 N.
- the relationship between the number of sliding times and the contact resistance was evaluated under the condition that the number of sliding times was 500.
- the number of samples was 5, and the range from the minimum value to the maximum value of each sample was adopted.
- the target characteristic is a contact resistance of 100 m ⁇ or less when the number of sliding times is 100.
- solder wettability evaluated the sample after plating.
- Solder checker (SAT-5200 manufactured by Reska Co., Ltd.) was used, and a commercially available 25% rosin methanol flux was used as the flux, and the solder wetting time was measured by the meniscograph method.
- Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu 250 ° C. was used. The number of samples was 5, and the range from the minimum value to the maximum value of each sample was adopted.
- the target characteristic is a zero cross time of 5 seconds (s) or less.
- Gas corrosion resistance was evaluated in the following test environment.
- the evaluation of gas corrosion resistance is the appearance of a sample after a test after an environmental test.
- the target characteristic is that the appearance is not discolored or is slightly discolored with no practical problem.
- Hydrogen sulfide gas corrosion test Hydrogen sulfide concentration: 10ppm Temperature: 40 ° C Humidity: 80% RH Exposure time: 96h Number of samples: 5
- Mechanical durability is determined by extracting the press-fit terminal inserted into the through hole (substrate thickness 2mm, through hole ⁇ 1mm) from the through hole, and cross-sectioning the press-fit terminal with SEM (JEOL, model JSM-5410). Was observed at a magnification of 100 to 10,000 times to confirm the occurrence of powder.
- a powder having a diameter of less than 5 ⁇ m was marked as “ ⁇ ”
- a powder having a diameter of less than 5 to 10 ⁇ m was marked as “ ⁇ ”
- a powder having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more was marked as “X”.
- Bending workability was evaluated by bending at 90 ° using a W-shaped mold under the condition that the ratio of the plate thickness to the bending radius was 1.
- the surface of the bent portion was observed with an optical microscope, and when it was judged that there was no practical problem when no crack was observed, it was evaluated as ⁇ , and when the crack was observed, it was evaluated as ⁇ . In addition, it was set as ⁇ when it cannot distinguish between ⁇ and ⁇ .
- Examples A1 to 29 were surface-treated plating materials having low whisker properties, high solderability, low contact resistance, and low adhesion wear.
- the adhesion amount of the D constituent compound is 0.003 ⁇ g / mm 2 , and the adhesion amount is small compared to Example A1, so that the target characteristics were obtained, but adhesion wear and insertion force were low. It was a little bad.
- the adhesion amount of the D constituent compound was 12 ⁇ g / mm 2 , and the adhesion amount was larger than that in Example A1, so that the target characteristics were obtained, but the contact resistance was slightly high.
- Example B3 the upper layer is an ⁇ phase and a ⁇ Sn layer, and the ratio of Sn in the upper layer is higher than in Example A1, so that the target characteristics were obtained, and whiskers with a length of 20 ⁇ m or more were not generated. In some cases, whiskers having a length of less than 20 ⁇ m were generated.
- Example B5 the thickness of the intermediate layer was 0.2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the intermediate layer was thicker than that of Example A1, so that although the target characteristics were obtained, the microsliding wearability was slightly worse.
- Example B6 the lower layer was Ni—P plating, and the ultrafine hardness of the upper layer was hard as compared with Example A1, and the target characteristics were obtained, but the bending workability was poor.
- the upper layer thickness was 0.01 ⁇ m, and the upper layer was thinner than Example A1. Although the target characteristics were obtained, the heat resistance and the fine sliding wear were slightly worse.
- the upper layer thickness was 1.30 ⁇ m. Compared with Example A1, the upper layer was thicker and the target characteristics were obtained, but the bending workability was slightly worse.
- Example B9 the thickness of the intermediate layer was 0.005 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the intermediate layer was thinner than that of Example A1. Although the target characteristics were obtained, the heat resistance was slightly worse.
- Example B10 the thickness of the intermediate layer was 0.50 ⁇ m. Compared with Example A1, the thickness of the intermediate layer was thick, and the target characteristics were obtained, but the bending workability was slightly worse.
- Example B11 the lower layer thickness was 0.03 ⁇ m. Compared to Example A1, the lower layer thickness was thinner, and the target characteristics were obtained, but the heat resistance was slightly worse.
- Example B12 the thickness of the lower layer was 5.5 ⁇ m, and compared with Example A1, the thickness of the lower layer was thick, and although the target characteristics were obtained, the microsliding wearability was slightly worse.
- Example B13 had no intermediate layer (0 ⁇ m), and compared with Example A1, the target characteristics were obtained, but the heat resistance was slightly worse.
- Comparative Example 1 was post-treated with a solution containing no phosphate ester, and was poor in heat resistance, fine sliding wear resistance, gas resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical durability.
- Comparative Example 2 was post-treated with a liquid not containing a mercaptobenzothiazole compound and had poor heat resistance, gas resistance, and corrosion resistance.
- Comparative Example 3 was post-treated with a solution containing no D constituent compound, and adhesion wear and insertion force were poor.
- Comparative Example 4 since the upper layer was formed of Ag alone, discoloration occurred in the gas (hydrogen sulfide) corrosion resistance test.
- Comparative Example 5 since the upper layer was Sn and no post-treatment was performed, adhesion wear was large, and heat resistance and fine sliding wear were also poor.
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Abstract
Description
(式〔1〕、〔2〕において、R1、R2はアルキル、置換アルキルを表し、M1は水素、アルカリ金属を表す。)
本発明の実施形態に係る表面処理めっき材は、基材11に上層である層14が設けられ、前記上層がSnまたはInを含有するめっき材を備える。前記めっき材表面に後述の一般式〔1〕または〔2〕で表される化合物と、後述の一般式〔3〕で表される化合物とを含み、さらに後述の一般式〔4〕~〔8〕で表されるD構成化合物群から選択された1種もしくは2種以上が前記上層側の表面に付着している。
基材11としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、銅及び銅合金、Fe系材、ステンレス、チタン及びチタン合金、アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金などの金属基材を用いることができる。また、金属基材に樹脂層を複合させたものであっても良い。金属基材に樹脂層を複合させたものとは、例としてFPC(フレキシブルプリント基板、Flexible Printed Circuits)またはFFC(フレキシブルフラットケーブル、Flexible Flat Cable)基材上の電極部分などがある。
図1に示される層14は、SnまたはInを含有するめっき、またはSn及びInからなる群であるB構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種と、Ag、Au、Pt、Pd、Ru、Rh、Os及びIrからなる群であるC構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種類以上との合金で構成されていることが望ましい。
図1に示される層13が層12と層14との間に形成されていることが好ましい。層13は、Sn・In系めっきと層12との合金層、またはNi、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co及びCuからなる群であるA構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種以上と、Sn及びInからなる群であるB構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種とで構成されている。層13は、0.01μm以上0.40μm未満の厚さで形成されていることが好ましい。
層14の最小厚み(μm)が層14の厚み(μm)の50%以上を満たすことが好ましい。層14の最小厚みが層14の厚みの50%未満であると、層14の表面粗さが粗いこととなり、接触抵抗が高く、はんだも濡れにくく、耐ガス腐食性が劣るNiが表面に露出しやすくなるため、耐熱性、はんだ濡れ性、耐ガス腐食性が悪くなる場合がある。
層14と層13の厚みの比が、層14:層13=9:1~3:7であることが好ましい。層14の割合が9を超えると、硬い基材11、層12及び層14よりも硬い層13に薄膜潤滑効果が低下して凝着磨耗が大きくなる。一方層14の割合が3を下回ると、接触抵抗が高く、はんだも濡れにくく、耐ガス腐食性が劣るNiが表面に露出しやすくなるため、耐熱性、はんだ濡れ性、耐微摺動磨耗性及び耐ガス腐食性が悪くなる場合がある。
図1に示される層12が、基材11上に形成されているのが好ましい。層12は、任意の下地めっきまたはNi、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co及びCuからなる群であるA構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種以上で構成されている。Ni、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co及びCuからなる群であるA構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種以上の金属を用いて層12を形成することで、硬い下層12形成により薄膜潤滑効果が向上して凝着磨耗が低下し、下層12は基材11の構成金属が層14に拡散するのを防止して耐熱性やはんだ濡れ性などを向上させる。
A構成元素群の金属がNi、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cuの合計で50mass%以上であり、さらにB、P、Sn及びZnからなる群から選択された1種又は2種以上を含んでも良い。層12の合金組成がこのような構成となることで、層12がより硬化することで更に薄膜潤滑効果が向上して更に凝着磨耗が低下し、層12の合金化は基材11の構成金属が上層に拡散するのを更に防止し、耐熱性やはんだ濡れ性等の耐久性を向上させる場合がある。
B構成元素群の金属がSnとInとの合計で50mass%以上であり、残合金成分がAg、As、Au、Bi、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、W及びZnからなる群から選択された1種又は2種以上の金属からなっていても良い。これらの金属によって更に凝着磨耗が少なくし、またウィスカの発生を抑制し、さらに耐熱性やはんだ濡れ性等の耐久性を向上させる場合がある。
C構成元素群の金属がAgとAuとPtとPdとRuとRhとOsとIrとの合計で50mass%以上であり、残合金成分がBi、Cd、Co、Cu、Fe、In、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Sn、W、Tl及びZnからなる群から選択された1種又は2種以上の金属からなっていても良い。これらの金属によって更に凝着磨耗を少なくし、またウィスカの発生を抑制し、さらに耐熱性やはんだ濡れ性等の耐久性を向上させる場合がある。
層14、層13及び層12が、基材11上にA構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種以上を成膜し、その後、C構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種を成膜し、その後、B構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種類以上を成膜し、A構成元素群、B構成元素群及びC構成元素群の各元素が拡散することでそれぞれ形成されていても良い。例えばB構成元素群の金属がSn、C構成元素群の金属がAgの場合、SnへのAgの拡散は速く、自然拡散によってSn-Ag合金層を形成する。合金層形成によりSnの凝着力を一層小さくし、また低ウィスカ性及び耐久性も更に向上させることができる。
層14を形成させた後に更に凝着磨耗抑制し、また低ウィスカ性及び耐久性を更に向上させる目的で熱処理を施しても良い。熱処理によって層14のB構成元素群の金属とC構成元素群の金属、層13のA構成元素群の金属とB構成元素群の金属とが合金層をより形成しやすくなり、Snの凝着力を一層小さくし、また低ウィスカ性及び耐久性も更に向上させることができる。
なお、この熱処理については、処理条件(温度×時間)は適宜選択できる。また、特にこの熱処理はしなくてもよい。なお熱処理を施す場合にはB構成元素群の金属の融点以上の温度で行った方が層14のB構成元素群の金属とC構成元素群の金属、層13のA構成元素群の金属とB構成元素群の金属とが合金層をより形成しやすくなる。この熱処理については、処理条件(温度×時間)は適宜選択できる。
層14上に、または層14上に熱処理を施した後に、更に凝着磨耗を低下させ、また耐食性、耐熱性も向上させる目的で後処理を施す。後処理によって潤滑性が向上し、更に耐食性も向上しまた層14の酸化が抑制されて、耐熱性やはんだ濡れ性等の耐久性を向上させることができる。具体的な後処理としてはインヒビターとリン酸化合物を用いた防錆処理、有機化合物を用いた潤滑処理等がある。
一般式〔4〕のうち好ましいものを挙げると、ジノニルナフタレンスルフォン酸バリウム、ジノニルナフタレンスルフォン酸カルシウム、ジノニルナフタレンスルフォン酸亜鉛、ジノニルナフタレンスルフォン酸ナトリウム、ジノニルナフタレンスルフォン酸リチウム、などがある。
一般式〔5〕で表される化合物のなかで好ましいものを挙げると、ベンゾトリアゾール、ベンゾトリアゾールのNa塩などがある。
一般式〔6〕で表される化合物のなかで好ましいものを挙げると、パラフィンワックス、白色ワセリンなどがある。
一般式〔7〕で表される化合物のなかで好ましいものを挙げると、オレイン酸アミド、スレアリン酸アミド、ラウリン酸アミドなどがある。
一般式〔8〕で表される化合物のなかで好ましいものを挙げると、プロピレングリコールt-ブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルなどがある。
本発明の層14の表面における後処理成分の付着量を得るために、めっきを拡散または熱処理した後に後処理液中に浸漬処理、または後処理液中で電解処理、あるいは後処理液の塗布などを行う。さらに電解処理のあとに塗布を行うなどの組合せも可能である。
本発明の上層14の表面における後処理液成分の付着量を得るためのリン酸エステルの濃度は処理液全体の体積に対して、0.1~10g/L、好ましくは0.5~5g/Lである。一方ベンゾチアゾール系化合物濃度は処理液全体の体積に対して0.01~1.0g/L、好ましくは0.05~0.6g/Lである。またD構成化合物濃度は処理液全体の体積に対して、0.1~50g/L、好ましくは0.5~10g/Lである
後処理に時間的制約は特にないが、工業的観点からは一連の工程で行うのが好ましい。
超微小硬さ試験により、層14の表面に荷重3mNで打痕を打って測定して得られた硬度である、層14の表面の押し込み硬さが1000MPa以上であることが好ましい。押し込み硬さが1000MPa以上であることによって硬い上層14による薄膜潤滑効果が向上し、凝着磨耗を低下させる。上層の表面の押し込み硬さが10000MPa以下であることが好ましい。上層14の表面の押し込み硬さが10000MPa以下であると、曲げ加工性が向上し、本発明の表面処理めっき材をプレス成形した場合に、成形した部分にクラックが入り難くなり、耐ガス腐食性低下を抑制する。
層14の表面の算術平均高さ(Ra)は0.3μm以下であるのが好ましい。層14の表面の算術平均高さ(Ra)が0.3μm以下であると比較的腐食しやすい凸部が少なくなり平滑となるため、耐ガス腐食性が向上する。
層14の表面の最大高さ(Rz)は3μm以下であるのが好ましい。上層14の表面の最大高さ(Rz)が3μm以下であると比較的腐食しやすい凸部が少なくなり平滑となるため、耐ガス腐食性が向上する。
本発明の表面処理めっき材の用途は特に限定しないが、例えば表面処理めっき材を接点部分に用いたコネクタ端子、表面処理めっき材を接点部分に用いたFFC端子またはFPC端子、表面処理めっき材を外部接続用電極に用いた電子部品などが挙げられる。なお、端子については、圧着端子、はんだ付け端子、プレスフィット端子等、配線側との接合方法によらない。外部接続用電極には、タブに表面処理を施した接続部品や半導体のアンダーバンプメタル用に表面処理を施した材料などがある。
また、このように形成されたコネクタ端子を用いてコネクタを作製しても良く、FFC端子またはFPC端子を用いてFFCまたはFPCを作製しても良い。
また本発明の表面処理めっき材は、ハウジングに取り付ける装着部の一方側にメス端子接続部が、他方側に基板接続部がそれぞれ設けられ、該基板接続部を基板に形成されたスルーホールに圧入して該基板に取り付ける圧入型端子に用いても良い。
コネクタはオス端子とメス端子の両方が本発明の表面処理めっき材であっても良いし、オス端子またはメス端子の片方だけであっても良い。なおオス端子とメス端子の両方を本発明の表面処理めっき材にすることで、更に低挿抜性が向上する。
本発明の表面処理めっき材の製造方法としては、湿式(電気、無電解)めっき、乾式(スパッタ、イオンプレーティング等)めっき等を用いることができる。
実施例及び比較例として、表1に示す条件で、電解脱脂、酸洗、第1めっき、第2めっき、第3めっき、及び、熱処理の順で表面処理を行った。
(1)板材:厚み0.30mm、幅30mm、成分Cu-30Zn
(2)オス端子:厚み0.64mm、幅2.3mm、成分Cu-30Zn
(3)圧入型端子:常盤商行製、プレスフィット端子PCBコネクタ、R800
(1)半光沢Niめっき
めっき方法:電気めっき
めっき液:スルファミン酸Niめっき液+サッカリン
めっき温度:55℃
電流密度:0.5~4A/dm2
(2)光沢Niめっき
めっき方法:電気めっき
めっき液:スルファミン酸Niめっき液+サッカリン+添加剤
めっき温度:55℃
電流密度:0.5~4A/dm2
(3)Cuめっき
めっき方法:電気めっき
めっき液:硫酸Cuめっき液
めっき温度:30℃
電流密度:0.5~4A/dm2
(4)無光沢Niめっき
めっき方法:電気めっき
めっき液:スルファミン酸Niめっき液
めっき温度:55℃
電流密度:0.5~4A/dm2
(5)Ni-Pめっき
めっき方法:電気めっき
めっき液:スルファミン酸Niめっき液+亜リン酸塩
めっき温度:55℃
電流密度:0.5~4A/dm2
(1)Agめっき
めっき方法:電気めっき
めっき液:シアン化Agめっき液
めっき温度:40℃
電流密度:0.2~4A/dm2
(2)Snめっき
めっき方法:電気めっき
めっき液:メタンスルホン酸Snめっき液
めっき温度:40℃
電流密度:0.5~4A/dm2
(1)Snめっき条件
めっき方法:電気めっき
めっき液:メタンスルホン酸Snめっき液
めっき温度:40℃
電流密度:0.5~4A/dm2
(2)Inめっき条件
めっき方法:電気めっき
めっき液:硫酸Inめっき液
めっき温度:30℃
電流密度:0.5~2A/dm2
熱処理はホットプレートにサンプルを置き、ホットプレートの表面が所定の温度になったことを確認して実施した。
表面処理液として表1に示す各成分(リン酸エステル、メルカプト系化合物、D構成化合物)をイソパラフィン(C10~C12)に溶解させ、この液を熱処理後のめっき材表面にスプレー噴射して塗布し、さらに温風により乾燥した。このときの表面処理条件は下記の表2に示した。めっき表面に付着したD構成化合物の量は、まずめっき材表面の付着物をメタノールに溶解させ、次にLC-QMS分析装置(Waters社製ACQUITY UPLC H-CLASS,ACQUITY QDa検出器)を用いて測定した。
得られた試料の上層及び中層の構造の決定及び厚み測定は、STEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)分析による線分析で行った。分析した元素は、上層、中層及び下層の組成と、C、S及びOである。これら元素を指定元素とする。また、指定元素の合計を100%として、各元素の濃度(at%)を分析した。厚みは、線分析(または面分析)から求めた距離に対応する。STEM装置は、日本電子株式会社製JEM-2100Fを用いた。本装置の加速電圧は200kVである。
得られた試料の上層及び中層の構造の決定及び厚み測定は、任意の10点について評価を行って平均化した。
下層の厚みは、蛍光X線膜厚計(Seiko Instruments製 SFT9550X、コリメータ0.1mmΦ)で測定した。
下層の厚み測定は、任意の10点について評価を行って平均化した。
各試料について以下の評価を行った。
・凝着磨耗
凝着磨耗は、市販のSnリフローめっきメス端子(090型住友TS/矢崎090IIシリーズメス端子非防水/F090-SMTS)を用いてめっきを施したオス端子と挿抜試験することによって評価した。
試験に用いた測定装置は、アイコーエンジニアリング製1311NRであり、オスピンの摺動距離5mmで評価した。サンプル数は5個とし、凝着磨耗は挿入力を用いて評価した。挿入力は、各サンプルの最大値を平均した値を採用した。凝着磨耗のブランク材としては、比較例5のサンプルを採用した。
凝着磨耗の目標は、比較例5の最大挿抜力と比較して70%未満である。
接触抵抗は、山崎精機研究所製接点シミュレーターCRS-113-Au型を使用し、接点荷重50gの条件で4端子法にて測定した。サンプル数は5個とし、各サンプルの最小値から最大値の範囲を採用した。目標とする特性は、接触抵抗10mΩ以下である。
耐熱性は、大気加熱(180℃×1000h)試験後のサンプルの接触抵抗を測定し、評価した。目標とする特性は、接触抵抗10mΩ以下であるが、最大の目標としては、接触抵抗が、耐熱性試験前後で変化がない(同等である)こととした。
耐微摺動磨耗性は、山崎精機研究所製精密摺動試験装置CRS-G2050型を使用し、摺動距離0.5mm、摺動速度1mm/s、接触荷重1N、摺動回数500往復条件で摺動回数と接触抵抗との関係を評価した。サンプル数は5個とし、各サンプルの最小値から最大値の範囲を採用した。目標とする特性は、摺動回数100回時に接触抵抗が100mΩ以下である。
はんだ濡れ性はめっき後のサンプルを評価した。ソルダーチェッカ(レスカ社製SAT-5200)を使用し、フラックスとして市販の25%ロジンメタノールフラックスを用い、メニスコグラフ法にてはんだ濡れ時間を測定した。はんだはSn-3Ag-0.5Cu(250℃)を用いた。サンプル数は5個とし、各サンプルの最小値から最大値の範囲を採用した。目標とする特性は、ゼロクロスタイム5秒(s)以下である。
耐ガス腐食性は、下記の試験環境で評価した。耐ガス腐食性の評価は、環境試験を終えた試験後のサンプルの外観である。なお、目標とする特性は、外観が変色していないことか、実用上問題のない若干の変色である。
硫化水素ガス腐食試験
硫化水素濃度:10ppm
温度:40℃
湿度:80%RH
曝露時間:96h
サンプル数:5個
機械的耐久性は、スルーホール(基板厚2mm、スルーホールΦ1mm)に挿入した圧入型端子をスルーホールから抜き出し、圧入型端子断面をSEM(JEOL社製、型式JSM-5410)にて100~10000倍の倍率で観察して、粉の発生状況を確認した。粉の直径が5μm未満であるものを○とし、5~10μm未満であるものを△とし、10μm以上のものを×とした。
曲げ加工性は、W字型の金型を用いて試料の板厚と曲げ半径の比が1となる条件で90°曲げで評価した。評価は曲げ加工部表面を光学顕微鏡で観察し、クラックが観察されない場合の実用上問題ないと判断した場合には○とし、クラックが認められた場合を×とした。なお○と×との区別がつかない場合には△とした。
表面粗さ(算術平均高さ(Ra)及び最大高さ(Rz))の測定は、JIS B 0601に準拠し、非接触式三次元測定装置(三鷹光器社製、形式NH-3)を用いて行った。カットオフは0.25mm、測定長さは1.50mmで、1試料当たり5回測定した。
実施例B1は、D構成化合物の付着量が0.003μg/mm2であり、実施例A1と比較すると付着量が少ないため、目標とする特性は得られたものの、凝着摩耗、挿入力がやや悪かった。
実施例B2は、D構成化合物の付着量が12μg/mm2であり、実施例A1と比較すると付着量が多いため、目標とする特性は得られたものの、接触抵抗がやや高かった。
実施例B3は、上層がε相とβSn層であり、実施例A1と比較すると上層のSnの割合が多いため、目標とする特性は得られ、長さ20μm以上のウィスカは発生しなかったものの、長さ20μm未満のウィスカが発生する場合があった。
実施例B4は、中層の組成がSn:Ni=37:63であり、実施例A1と比較するとNiの割合が高く、目標の特性が得られたものの曲げ加工性が若干悪かった。
実施例B5は、中層の厚みが0.2μmであり、実施例A1と比較すると中層の厚みが厚いため、目標とする特性は得られたものの、微摺動摩耗性が若干悪かった。
実施例B6は、下層がNi-Pめっきであり、実施例A1と比較すると上層の超微小硬さが硬く、目標とする特性は得られたものの、曲げ加工性が悪かった。
実施例B7は、上層厚みが0.01μmであり、実施例A1と比較すると上層の厚みが薄く、目標とする特性は得られたものの、耐熱性、微摺動摩耗性が若干悪かった。
実施例B8は、上層厚みが1.30μmであり、実施例A1と比較すると上層の厚みが厚く、目標の特性が得られたものの、曲げ加工性が若干悪かった。
実施例B9は、中層厚みが0.005μmであり、実施例A1と比較すると中層の厚みが薄く、目標の特性が得られたものの、耐熱性が若干悪かった。
実施例B10は、中層厚みが0.50μmであり、実施例A1と比較すると中層の厚みが厚く、目標の特性が得られたものの、曲げ加工性が若干悪かった。
実施例B11は、下層厚みが0.03μmであり、実施例A1と比較すると下層の厚みが薄く、目標の特性が得られたものの、耐熱性が若干悪かった。
実施例B12は、下層厚みが5.5μmであり、実施例A1と比較すると下層の厚みが厚く、目標とする特性は得られたものの、微摺動摩耗性が若干悪かった。
実施例B13は、中層がない(0μm)ものであり、実施例A1と比較すると目標とする特性は得られたものの、耐熱性が若干悪かった。
比較例1は、リン酸エステルを含有しない液で後処理したものであり、耐熱性、微摺動磨耗性、耐ガス、腐食性、機械的耐久性が悪かった。
比較例2は、メルカプトベンゾチアゾール系化合物を含有しない液で後処理したものであり、耐熱性、耐ガス、腐食性が悪かった。
比較例3は、D構成化合物を含有しない液で後処理したものであり、凝着摩耗、挿入力が悪かった。
比較例4は、上層がAg単独で存在したため、耐ガス(硫化水素)腐食試験で変色が発生した。
比較例5は、上層がSnで後処置を施していないため、凝着摩耗が大きく、耐熱性、微摺動摩耗性も悪かった。
11 基材
12 層(下層)
13 層(中層)
14 層(上層)
Claims (32)
- 基材に上層が設けられ、前記上層がSnまたはInを含有するめっき材を備え、
前記めっき材表面に下記一般式〔1〕または〔2〕で表される化合物と、下記一般式〔3〕で表される化合物とを含み、さらに下記一般式〔4〕~〔8〕で表されるD構成化合物群から選択された1種もしくは2種以上を前記上層側の表面に付着させた表面処理めっき材。
(式〔1〕、〔2〕において、R1、R2はアルキル、置換アルキルを表し、M1は水素、アルカリ金属を表す。)
- 前記めっき材表面に存在する前記D構成化合物の付着量が、合計で0.005~10.0μg/mm2である請求項1に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記めっき材が、前記基材上に形成された、Ni、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co及びCuからなる群であるA構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種以上で構成された下層と、
前記下層上に形成された、前記A構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種以上と、Sn及びInからなる群であるB構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種とで構成された中層と、
前記中層上に形成された、前記B構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種と、Ag、Au、Pt、Pd、Ru、Rh、Os及びIrからなる群であるC構成元素群から選択された1種又は2種類以上との合金で構成された上層と
を備える請求項1または2に記載の表面処理めっき材。 - 前記下層の厚みが0.05μm以上5.00μm未満であり、
前記中層の厚みが0.01μm以上0.40μm未満であり、
前記上層の厚みが0.02μm以上1.00μm未満である請求項3に記載の表面処理めっき材。 - 前記上層が、前記B構成元素群の金属を10~50at%含有する請求項3または4に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記上層に、Snを11.8~22.9at%含むSnAg合金であるζ(ゼータ)相が存在する請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記上層に、Ag3Snであるε(イプシロン)相が存在する請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記上層に、Snを11.8~22.9at%含むSnAg合金であるζ(ゼータ)相と、Ag3Snであるε(イプシロン)相とが存在する請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記上層に、Ag3Snであるε(イプシロン)相のみが存在する請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記上層に、Ag3Snであるε(イプシロン)相と、Sn単相であるβSnとが存在する請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記上層に、Snを11.8~22.9at%含むSnAg合金であるζ(ゼータ)相と、Ag3Snであるε(イプシロン)相と、Sn単相であるβSnとが存在する請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記中層が、前記B構成元素群の金属を35at%以上含有する請求項3~11のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記中層に、Ni3Sn4が存在する請求項3~11のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記中層に、Ni3Sn4と、Sn単相であるβSnとが存在する請求項3~11のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記上層と前記中層との厚みの比が、上層:中層=9:1~3:7である請求項3~14のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 超微小硬さ計により、前記上層の表面に荷重3mNで打痕を打って測定して得られた硬度である、前記上層の表面の押し込み硬さが1000MPa以上10000MPa以下である請求項3~15のいずれか一項に記載の表延処理めっき材。
- 前記上層の表面の算術平均高さ(Ra)が0.3μm以下である請求項3~16のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記上層の表面の最大高さ(Rz)が3μm以下である請求項3~17のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記A構成元素群の金属がNi、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cuの合計で50mass%以上であり、さらにB、P、Sn及びZnからなる群から選択された1種又は2種以上を含む請求項3~18のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記B構成元素群の金属がSnとInとの合計で50mass%以上であり、残合金成分がAg、Au、Bi、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、WおよびZnからなる群から選択された1種または2種以上の金属からなる請求項3~19のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記C構成元素群の金属がAgとAuとPtとPdとRuとRhとOsとIrとの合計で50mass%以上であり、残合金成分がBi、Cd、Co、Cu、Fe、In、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Sn、W、TlおよびZnからなる群から選択された1種または2種以上の金属からなる請求項3~20のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記中層が、Ni3SnとNi3Sn2とで構成されている請求項3~21のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記中層が、Ni3Sn2で構成されている請求項3~21のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記中層が、Ni3Sn4で構成されている請求項3~21のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 前記下層と中層との間に、さらにA構成元素群の金属とC構成元素群の金属との合金で構成された層を備える請求項3~24のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材。
- 請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材を接点部分に備えたコネクタ端子。
- 請求項26に記載のコネクタ端子を備えたコネクタ。
- 請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材を接点部分に備えたFFC端子。
- 請求項28に記載のFFC端子を備えたFFC。
- 請求項28に記載のFFC端子を備えたFPC。
- 請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材を外部接続用電極に備えた電子部品。
- ハウジングに取り付ける装着部の一方側にメス端子接続部が、他方側に基板接続部がそれぞれ設けられ、前記基板接続部を基板に形成されたスルーホールに圧入して前記基板に取り付ける圧入型端子を備えた電子部品であり、
前記圧入型端子が、請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理めっき材である電子部品。
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