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WO2018115947A1 - A method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet - Google Patents

A method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018115947A1
WO2018115947A1 PCT/IB2017/001282 IB2017001282W WO2018115947A1 WO 2018115947 A1 WO2018115947 A1 WO 2018115947A1 IB 2017001282 W IB2017001282 W IB 2017001282W WO 2018115947 A1 WO2018115947 A1 WO 2018115947A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel sheet
anyone
coating
zinc
iron
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/001282
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Anirban Chakraborty
Hassan GHASSEMI-ARMAKI
Original Assignee
Arcelormittal
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arcelormittal filed Critical Arcelormittal
Publication of WO2018115947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018115947A1/en
Priority to HUE18797148A priority Critical patent/HUE056715T2/en
Priority to MX2020004295A priority patent/MX2020004295A/en
Priority to KR1020207011263A priority patent/KR102246746B1/en
Priority to RU2020113215A priority patent/RU2742644C1/en
Priority to JP2020522935A priority patent/JP2021500474A/en
Priority to CN201880069067.7A priority patent/CN111263829B/en
Priority to MA50451A priority patent/MA50451B1/en
Priority to CA3076998A priority patent/CA3076998C/en
Priority to BR112020006092-5A priority patent/BR112020006092B1/en
Priority to EP18797148.6A priority patent/EP3701056B1/en
Priority to ES18797148T priority patent/ES2902384T3/en
Priority to US16/753,739 priority patent/US11466354B2/en
Priority to PCT/IB2018/058154 priority patent/WO2019082035A1/en
Priority to UAA202003044A priority patent/UA126594C2/en
Priority to PL18797148T priority patent/PL3701056T3/en
Priority to ZA2020/01535A priority patent/ZA202001535B/en
Priority to JP2022095605A priority patent/JP7394921B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
    • B23K11/11—Spot welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/026—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. adhesion layers or pre-applied alloying elements or corrosion protection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet.
  • the invention is particularly well suited for the manufacture of automotive vehicles.
  • Zinc based coatings are generally used because they allow for protection against corrosion, thanks to barrier protection and cathodic protection.
  • the barrier effect is obtained by the application of the metallic coating on steel surface.
  • the metallic coating prevents the contact between steel and corrosive atmosphere.
  • the barrier effect is independent from the nature of the coating and the substrate.
  • sacrificial cathodic protection is based on the fact that zinc is a metal less noble than steel. Thus, if corrosion occurs, zinc is consumed preferentially as compared to steel. Cathodic protection is essential in areas where steel is directly exposed to corrosive atmosphere, like cut edges where surrounding zinc will be consumed before steel.
  • US2012100391 discloses a method for manufacturing a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having good plating qualities, plating adhesion and spot weldability, the method comprising:
  • the alloy phase is a Fe- Zn alloy phase accounting for 1-20% of the cross-sectional area of the galvanized layer.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a steel sheet coated with a metallic coating which does not have LME issues. It aims to make available, in particular, an easy to implement method in order to obtain a part which does not have LME issues after the forming and/or the welding.
  • the method can also comprise any characteristics of claims 2 to 18.
  • the steel sheet can also comprise any characteristics of claims 20 to 25.
  • spot welded joint can also comprise characteristics of claims claim 27 to 29.
  • steel or "steel sheet” means a steel sheet, a coil, a plate having a composition allowing the part to achieve a tensile strength up to 2500 MPa and more preferably up to 2000MPa.
  • the tensile strength is above or equal to 500 MPa, preferably above or equal to 980 MPa, advantageously above or equal to 1 180 MPa and even above or equal 1470 MPa.
  • the invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet comprising the following step:
  • step C the coating of the steel sheet obtained in step B) with a second coating based on zinc.
  • the first coating comprising iron and nickel is deposited by any deposition method known by the person skilled in the art. It can be deposited by vacuum deposition or electro-plating method. Preferably, it is deposited by electro-plating method.
  • the first coating comprises from 10% to 75%, more preferably between 25 to 65% and advantageously between 40 to 60% by weight of iron.
  • the first coating comprises from 25 to 90%, preferably from 35 to 75% and advantageously from 40 to 60% by weight of nickel.
  • the first coating consists of iron and nickel.
  • the first coating has a thickness equal or above 0.5 pm. More preferably, the first coating has a thickness between 0.8 and 5.0 pm and advantageously between 1.0 and 2.0pm.
  • the steel sheet composition comprises by weight:
  • the thermal treatment is a continuous annealing.
  • the continuous annealing comprises a heating, a soaking and a cooling step. It can further comprises a pre-heating step.
  • the thermal treatment is performed in an atmosphere comprising from 1 to 30% of H 2 at a dew point between -10 and -60°C.
  • the atmosphere comprises from 1 to 10% of H 2 at a dew point between - 40°C and -60°C.
  • the second layer comprises above 50%, more preferably above 75% of zinc and advantageously above 90% of zinc.
  • the second layer can be deposited by any deposition method known by the man skilled in the art. It can be by hot-dip coating, by vacuum deposition or by electro-galvanizing.
  • the coating based on zinc comprises from 0.01 to 8.0% Al, optionally 0.2-8.0% Mg, the remainder being Zn.
  • the coating based on zinc is deposited by hot-dip galvanizing.
  • the molten bath can also comprise unavoidable impurities and residuals elements from feeding ingots or from the passage of the steel sheet in the molten bath.
  • the optionally impurities are chosen from Sr, Sb, Pb, Ti, Ca, Mn, Sn, La, Ce, Cr, Zr or Bi, the content by weight of each additional element being inferior to 0.3% by weight.
  • the residual elements from feeding ingots or from the passage of the steel sheet in the molten bath can be iron with a content up to 5.0%, preferably 3.0%, by weight.
  • the second layer consists of zinc.
  • the percentage of Al is comprised between 0.15 and 0.40 wt.% in the bath.
  • the iron presents in the first coating reacts with aluminum in order to form the inhibition layer Fe 2 AI 5 and thus provide reactive wetting behavior during hot dip galvanizing.
  • a steel sheet coated with a diffused alloy layer comprising iron and nickel, such layer being directly topped by a zinc based layer is obtained. It is believed that the diffused alloy layer acts like a barrier layer to LME and improves the coating adhesion.
  • the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1 to 50% of residual austenite, from 1 to 60% of martensite and optionally at least one element chosen from: bainite, ferrite, cementite and pearlite.
  • the martensite can be tempered or untempered.
  • the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 5 to 25 % of residual austenite.
  • the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1 to 60% and more preferably between 10 to 60% of tempered martensite.
  • the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 10 to 40% of bainite, such bainite comprising from 10 to 20% of lower bainite, from 0 to 5%) of upper bainite and from 0 to 5% of carbide free bainite.
  • the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1 to 25% of ferrite.
  • the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1 to 15% untempered martensite.
  • assembly After the manufacture of a steel sheet, in order to produce some parts of a vehicle, it is known to assembly by welding two metal sheets.
  • a spot welded joint is formed during the welding of at least two metal sheets, said spot being the link between the at least two metal sheets.
  • the welding is performed with an effective intensity is between 3kA and 15kA and the force applied on the electrodes is between 150 and 850 daN with said electrode active face diameter being between 4 and 10mm.
  • a spot welded joint of at least two metal sheets, comprising the coated steel sheet according to the present invention is obtained, such said joint containing less than 3 cracks having a size above 100 m and wherein the longest crack has a length below 500pm.
  • the second metal sheet is a steel sheet or an aluminum sheet. More preferably, the second metal sheet is a steel sheet according to the present invention.
  • the spot welded joint comprises a third metal sheet being a steel sheet or an aluminum sheet.
  • the third metal sheet is a steel sheet according to the present invention.
  • the steel sheet or the spot welded joint according to the present invention can be used for the manufacture of parts for automotive vehicle.
  • Trial 1 and 2 were prepared by deposited a first coating comprising 45% of Fe, the balance being Ni. Then, a continuous annealing was performed in an atmosphere comprising 5% of H 2 and 95% of N 2 at a dew point of -45°C. The pre- coated steel sheet was heated at a temperature of 900°C. Finally, a zinc coating was deposited by hot-dip galvanizing, the zinc bath comprising 0.2% of Al. The bath temperature was of 460°C. For comparison purpose, Trial 3 was prepared by depositing a zinc coating by electro-galvanizing after the continuous annealing of the above steel sheet.
  • the resistance to LME of Trials 1 to 3 was evaluated. To this end, for each Trial, two coated steel sheets were welded together by resistance spot welding.
  • the type of the electrode was ISO Type B with a diameter of 16mm; the force of the electrode was of 5kN and the flow rate of water of was 1 .5g/min. the welding cycle is reported in Table .
  • Trials according to the present invention show an excellent resistance to LME compared to Trial 3.
  • Trials according to the present invention show an excellent resistance to LME as compared to Trial 3.
  • Trials l and 2 were bent at a 90° angle followed. An adhesive tape was then applied and removed to verify the coating adhesion with the substrate steel. The coating adhesion of those Trials was excellent.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates a method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet.

Description

A method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet
The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet. The invention is particularly well suited for the manufacture of automotive vehicles.
Zinc based coatings are generally used because they allow for protection against corrosion, thanks to barrier protection and cathodic protection. The barrier effect is obtained by the application of the metallic coating on steel surface. Thus, the metallic coating prevents the contact between steel and corrosive atmosphere. The barrier effect is independent from the nature of the coating and the substrate. On the contrary, sacrificial cathodic protection is based on the fact that zinc is a metal less noble than steel. Thus, if corrosion occurs, zinc is consumed preferentially as compared to steel. Cathodic protection is essential in areas where steel is directly exposed to corrosive atmosphere, like cut edges where surrounding zinc will be consumed before steel.
However, when heating steps are performed on such zinc coated steel sheets, for example hot press hardening or welding, cracks are observed in steel which spread from the steel/coating interface. Indeed, occasionally, there is a reduction of metal mechanical properties due to the presence of cracks in coated steel sheet after above operation. These cracks appear with the following conditions: high temperature; contact with a liquid metal having a low melting point (such as zinc) in addition to the presence of tensile stress; heterogeneous diffusion of molten metal in substrate grain and grain boundaries. The designation for such phenomenon is known as liquid metal embrittlement (LME), also called liquid metal assisted cracking (LMAC).
US2012100391 discloses a method for manufacturing a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having good plating qualities, plating adhesion and spot weldability, the method comprising:
- coating a base steel sheet with Ni in a coating amount (CNi) of 0.1-1.0 g/m2;
- heating the Ni-coated steel sheet in a reducing atmosphere;
- cooling the heated steel sheet to the temperature (Xs) at which the steel sheet is fed into a galvanizing bath; and
- feeding and immersing the cooled steel sheet in the galvanizing bath having an effective Al concentration (CAi) of 0.1 1-0.14 wt % and a temperature (Tp) of 440- 460° C, wherein the temperature (Xs) at which the steel sheet is fed into the galvanizing bath satisfies the following relationship: CNi (Xs~Tp)/2CAi=5-100.
It also discloses a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet wherein the alloy phase is a Fe- Zn alloy phase accounting for 1-20% of the cross-sectional area of the galvanized layer.
However, in the above method, galvanizing was carried out in a bath containing from 0.1 1 to 0.14wt.% of Al and thus inhibition layer was very week and Fe-Zn intermetallic phases formed. At the industrial scale, this method is difficult to apply since the spot weldability depends on controlling parameters, including the amount of Ni in the coating, the Al concentration of the galvanizing bath, and the difference between the temperature of the galvanizing bath and the temperature at which the steel sheet is fed into the galvanizing bath. Moreover, the spot weldability performed is evaluated based on the electrode life, i.e. the number of continuous welding spots at the time when the nugget diameter reached 4Vt (t: steel sheet thickness) was measured. There is no mention of a reduction of the presence of cracks in coated steel sheet after the spot welding.
Thus, the object of the invention is to provide a steel sheet coated with a metallic coating which does not have LME issues. It aims to make available, in particular, an easy to implement method in order to obtain a part which does not have LME issues after the forming and/or the welding.
This object is achieved by providing a method according to claim 1. The method can also comprise any characteristics of claims 2 to 18.
Another object is achieved by providing a steel sheet according to claim 19. The steel sheet can also comprise any characteristics of claims 20 to 25.
Another object is achieved by providing a spot welded joint according to claim 26. The spot welded joint can also comprise characteristics of claims claim 27 to 29.
Finally, another object is achieved by providing the use of the steel sheet or the assembly according to claim 30.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention. The designation "steel" or "steel sheet" means a steel sheet, a coil, a plate having a composition allowing the part to achieve a tensile strength up to 2500 MPa and more preferably up to 2000MPa. For example, the tensile strength is above or equal to 500 MPa, preferably above or equal to 980 MPa, advantageously above or equal to 1 180 MPa and even above or equal 1470 MPa.
The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet comprising the following step:
A. the provision of a pre-coated steel sheet coating with a first coating comprising iron and nickel,
B. the thermal treatment of such pre-coated steel sheet at a temperature between 600 and 1000°C,
C. the coating of the steel sheet obtained in step B) with a second coating based on zinc.
Without willing to be bound by any theory, it is an essential feature of the present invention to deposit the first coating of iron and nickel on the sheet steel before the thermal treatment since during the thermal treatment, on the one hand, Ni diffuses towards the steel sheet allowing a Fe-Ni alloy layer. On the other hand, some amount of Ni is still present at the interface between the steel and the coating interface preventing liquid zinc penetration into steel during any heating steps being for example a welding. Thus, by applying the method according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a barrier layer to LME.
The first coating comprising iron and nickel is deposited by any deposition method known by the person skilled in the art. It can be deposited by vacuum deposition or electro-plating method. Preferably, it is deposited by electro-plating method.
Preferably, in step A), the first coating comprises from 10% to 75%, more preferably between 25 to 65% and advantageously between 40 to 60% by weight of iron.
Preferably, in step A), the first coating comprises from 25 to 90%, preferably from 35 to 75% and advantageously from 40 to 60% by weight of nickel.
In a preferred embodiment, in step A), the first coating consists of iron and nickel. Preferably, in step A), the first coating has a thickness equal or above 0.5 pm. More preferably, the first coating has a thickness between 0.8 and 5.0 pm and advantageously between 1.0 and 2.0pm.
Preferably, in step A), the steel sheet composition comprises by weight:
0.10 < C < 0.40%,
1.5 < Mn < 3.0%,
0.7 < Si < 2.0%,
0.05 < AI < 1.0%,
0.75 < (Si+AI) < 3.0 %,
and on a purely optional basis, one or more elements such as
Nb < 0.5 %,
B < 0.005%,
Cr < 1.0%,
Mo < 0.50%,
Ni < 1.0%,
Ti < 0.5%,
the remainder of the composition making up of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the elaboration.
Preferably, in step B), the thermal treatment is a continuous annealing. For example, the continuous annealing comprises a heating, a soaking and a cooling step. It can further comprises a pre-heating step.
Advantageously, the thermal treatment is performed in an atmosphere comprising from 1 to 30% of H2 at a dew point between -10 and -60°C. For example, the atmosphere comprises from 1 to 10% of H2 at a dew point between - 40°C and -60°C.
Advantageously, in step C), the second layer comprises above 50%, more preferably above 75% of zinc and advantageously above 90% of zinc. The second layer can be deposited by any deposition method known by the man skilled in the art. It can be by hot-dip coating, by vacuum deposition or by electro-galvanizing.
For example, the coating based on zinc comprises from 0.01 to 8.0% Al, optionally 0.2-8.0% Mg, the remainder being Zn. Preferably, the coating based on zinc is deposited by hot-dip galvanizing. In this embodiment, the molten bath can also comprise unavoidable impurities and residuals elements from feeding ingots or from the passage of the steel sheet in the molten bath. For example, the optionally impurities are chosen from Sr, Sb, Pb, Ti, Ca, Mn, Sn, La, Ce, Cr, Zr or Bi, the content by weight of each additional element being inferior to 0.3% by weight. The residual elements from feeding ingots or from the passage of the steel sheet in the molten bath can be iron with a content up to 5.0%, preferably 3.0%, by weight.
In a preferred embodiment, the second layer consists of zinc. When the coating is deposited by hot-dip galvanizing, the percentage of Al is comprised between 0.15 and 0.40 wt.% in the bath. Moreover, the iron presents in the first coating reacts with aluminum in order to form the inhibition layer Fe2AI5 and thus provide reactive wetting behavior during hot dip galvanizing.
With the method according to the present invention, a steel sheet coated with a diffused alloy layer comprising iron and nickel, such layer being directly topped by a zinc based layer is obtained. It is believed that the diffused alloy layer acts like a barrier layer to LME and improves the coating adhesion.
Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1 to 50% of residual austenite, from 1 to 60% of martensite and optionally at least one element chosen from: bainite, ferrite, cementite and pearlite. In this case, the martensite can be tempered or untempered.
In a preferred embodiment, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 5 to 25 % of residual austenite.
Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1 to 60% and more preferably between 10 to 60% of tempered martensite.
Advantageously, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 10 to 40% of bainite, such bainite comprising from 10 to 20% of lower bainite, from 0 to 5%) of upper bainite and from 0 to 5% of carbide free bainite.
Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1 to 25% of ferrite.
Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1 to 15% untempered martensite. After the manufacture of a steel sheet, in order to produce some parts of a vehicle, it is known to assembly by welding two metal sheets. Thus, a spot welded joint is formed during the welding of at least two metal sheets, said spot being the link between the at least two metal sheets.
To produce a spot welded joint according to the invention, the welding is performed with an effective intensity is between 3kA and 15kA and the force applied on the electrodes is between 150 and 850 daN with said electrode active face diameter being between 4 and 10mm.
Thus, a spot welded joint of at least two metal sheets, comprising the coated steel sheet according to the present invention, is obtained, such said joint containing less than 3 cracks having a size above 100 m and wherein the longest crack has a length below 500pm.
Preferably, the second metal sheet is a steel sheet or an aluminum sheet. More preferably, the second metal sheet is a steel sheet according to the present invention.
In another embodiment, the spot welded joint comprises a third metal sheet being a steel sheet or an aluminum sheet. For example, the third metal sheet is a steel sheet according to the present invention.
The steel sheet or the spot welded joint according to the present invention can be used for the manufacture of parts for automotive vehicle.
The invention will now be explained in trials carried out for information only. They are not limiting.
Example
For all samples, steel sheets used have the following composition in weight percent: C=0.37%, Mn=1 .9%, Si=1 .9%, Cr=0.35% and Mo=0.1 %.
Trial 1 and 2 were prepared by deposited a first coating comprising 45% of Fe, the balance being Ni. Then, a continuous annealing was performed in an atmosphere comprising 5% of H2 and 95% of N2 at a dew point of -45°C. The pre- coated steel sheet was heated at a temperature of 900°C. Finally, a zinc coating was deposited by hot-dip galvanizing, the zinc bath comprising 0.2% of Al. The bath temperature was of 460°C. For comparison purpose, Trial 3 was prepared by depositing a zinc coating by electro-galvanizing after the continuous annealing of the above steel sheet.
The resistance to LME of Trials 1 to 3 was evaluated. To this end, for each Trial, two coated steel sheets were welded together by resistance spot welding. The type of the electrode was ISO Type B with a diameter of 16mm; the force of the electrode was of 5kN and the flow rate of water of was 1 .5g/min. the welding cycle is reported in Table .
Table 1. Welding Schedule
Figure imgf000008_0001
The number of cracks above Ι Ο μιη was then evaluated using an optical as well as SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy as reported in Table 2.
Table 2. LME crack details after spot welding (2 layer stack-up condition)
Figure imgf000008_0002
*: according to the present invention.
Trials according to the present invention show an excellent resistance to LME compared to Trial 3.
Then, for each Trial, three coated steel sheets were welded together by resistance spot welding under three layer stack-up configuration. The number of cracks above 100pm was then evaluated using an optical as well as SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) as reported in Table 3. Table 3. LME crack details after spot welding (3 layer stack-up condition)
Figure imgf000009_0001
*: according to the present invention.
Trials according to the present invention show an excellent resistance to LME as compared to Trial 3.
Finally, Trials l and 2 were bent at a 90° angle followed. An adhesive tape was then applied and removed to verify the coating adhesion with the substrate steel. The coating adhesion of those Trials was excellent.

Claims

Claims
1. Method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet comprising the following step:
A. the provision of a pre-coated steel sheet coating with a first coating comprising iron and nickel,
B. the thermal treatment of such pre-coated steel sheet at a temperature between 600 and 1000°C,
C. the coating of the steel sheet obtained in step B) with a second coating based on zinc.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein in step A), the first coating comprises from 10% to 75% by weight of iron.
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein in step A), the first coating comprises from 25 to 65 % by weight of iron.
4. Method according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step A), the first coating comprises from 40 to 60% of weight of iron.
5. Method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step A), the first coating comprises from 25 to 90% by weight of nickel.
6. Method according to claim 5, wherein in step A), the first coating comprises from 35 to 75 % by weight of nickel.
7. Method according to claim 6, wherein in step A), the first coating comprises from 40 to 60% by weight of nickel.
8. Method according to anyone of claims 1 to 7, wherein in step A), the first coating consists of iron and nickel.
9. Method according to anyone of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step A), the first coating has a thickness equal or above 0.5 pm.
10. Method according to claim 9, wherein in step A), the first coating has a thickness between 0.8 and 5.0 pm.
1 1 . Method according to claim 10, wherein in step A), the first coating has a thickness between 1 .0 and 2.0pm.
12. Method according to anyone of claim 1 to 1 1 , wherein in step A), the steel sheet composition comprises:
0.10 < C < 0.40%,
1.5 < Mn < 3.0%,
0.7 < Si < 2.0%,
0.05 < AI < 1 .0%
0.75 < (Si+AI) < 3.0 %
and on a purely optional basis, one or more elements such as
Nb < 0.5 %,
B < 0.005%,
Cr < 1 .0%,
Mo < 0.50%,
Ni < 1.0%
Ti < 0.5%,
the remainder of the composition making up of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the elaboration.
13. Method according to anyone of claims 1 to 12, wherein in step C), the second layer comprises above 50% of zinc.
14. Method according to claim 13, wherein in step C), the second layer comprises above 75% of zinc.
15. Method according to claim 14, wherein in step C), the second layer comprises above 90% of zinc.
16. Method according to claim 15, wherein in step C), the second layer consists of zinc.
17. Method according to anyone of claims 1 to 16, wherein in step B), the thermal treatment is a continuous annealing.
18. Method according to anyone of claims 1 to 17, wherein in step B), the thermal treatment is performed in an atmosphere comprising from 1 to 30% of H2 at a dew point between - 0 and -60°C.
19. A steel sheet obtainable from the method according to anyone of claims 1 to 18 coated with a diffused alloy layer comprising iron and nickel, such layer being directly topped by a zinc based layer.
20. Steel sheet according to claim 19, wherein the steel microstructure comprises from 1 to 50% of residual austenite, from 1 to 60% of martensite and optionally at least one element chosen from: bainite, ferrite, cementite and pearlite.
21. Steel sheet according to claim 20, wherein the microstructure comprises from 5 to 25 % of residual austenite.
22. Steel sheet according to claim 20 or 21 , wherein the microstructure comprises from 1 to 60% of tempered martensite.
23. Steel sheet according to anyone of claims 20 to 22, wherein the microstructure comprises from 10 to 40% of bainite.
24. Steel sheet according to anyone of claims 20 to 23, wherein the microstructure comprises from 1 to 25% of ferrite.
25. Steel sheet according to anyone of claims 20 to 24, wherein the microstructure comprises from 1 to 15% of untempered martensite.
26. Spot welded joint of at least two metal sheets comprising at least a steel sheet according to anyone of claims 19 to 25 or obtainable from the method according to anyone of claims 1 to 18, said joint containing less than 3 cracks having a size above 100μηι and wherein the longest crack has a length below 500μηι.
27. Spot welded joint according to claim 26, wherein the second metal sheet is a steel sheet or an aluminum sheet.
28. Spot welded joint according to claim 27, wherein the second metal sheet is a steel sheet according to anyone of claims 19 to 25 or obtainable from the method according to claims 1 to 18.
29. Spot welded joint according to anyone of claims 26 to 28, comprising a third metal sheet being a steel sheet or an aluminum sheet.
30. Use of a coated steel sheet according to anyone of claims 19 to 25 or a spot welded point according to anyone of claims 26 to 29, for the manufacture of part for automotive vehicle.
PCT/IB2017/001282 2016-12-21 2017-10-24 A method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet WO2018115947A1 (en)

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KR1020207011263A KR102246746B1 (en) 2016-12-21 2018-10-19 Manufacturing method of coated steel sheet
RU2020113215A RU2742644C1 (en) 2016-12-21 2018-10-19 Method for producing coated sheet steel
JP2020522935A JP2021500474A (en) 2016-12-21 2018-10-19 Manufacturing method of coated steel sheet
CN201880069067.7A CN111263829B (en) 2016-12-21 2018-10-19 Method for manufacturing coated steel sheet
HUE18797148A HUE056715T2 (en) 2016-12-21 2018-10-19 A method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet
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BR112020006092-5A BR112020006092B1 (en) 2016-12-21 2018-10-19 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COATED STEEL SHEET, STEEL SHEET, SPOT WELDED JOINT AND USE OF A COATED STEEL SHEET
MX2020004295A MX2020004295A (en) 2016-12-21 2018-10-19 A method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet.
ES18797148T ES2902384T3 (en) 2016-12-21 2018-10-19 A method for manufacturing a coated steel sheet
US16/753,739 US11466354B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2018-10-19 Method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet
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