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WO2018113570A1 - 一种随机接入方法及设备 - Google Patents

一种随机接入方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018113570A1
WO2018113570A1 PCT/CN2017/115975 CN2017115975W WO2018113570A1 WO 2018113570 A1 WO2018113570 A1 WO 2018113570A1 CN 2017115975 W CN2017115975 W CN 2017115975W WO 2018113570 A1 WO2018113570 A1 WO 2018113570A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
cyclic shift
target
prach
terminal
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/115975
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尤肖虎
汪茂
刘亚林
张军
花敏
孙军平
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2018113570A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018113570A1/zh
Priority to US16/446,391 priority Critical patent/US10945292B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/004—Transmission of channel access control information in the uplink, i.e. towards network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a random access method and device.
  • the random access procedure is used to initiate access, obtain uplink synchronization, or request resources.
  • the device performs the automatic reporting (that is, device triggering) or the paging function of the core network (ie, the core network trigger) to complete the random access. After the device accesses successfully, it exchanges information with the core network to ensure the completeness of the communication service.
  • the paging function of the core network refers to that the core network calls a specific device through a paging signal, and the device that receives the paging signal performs random access, so that the core network can refer to the local data of the device.
  • the device needs to perform a random access process on the basis of downlink synchronization, obtain uplink synchronization, establish a bidirectional link with the base station, and perform data bidirectional transmission.
  • the IoT system power system provides multiple narrowband frequency points (25 kHz) for data reception.
  • the public network LTE PRACH signal occupies a continuous bandwidth of 1.08 MHz, so it cannot be used in the power system.
  • the first aspect includes:
  • the terminal selects, from the at least two frequency points, a frequency point for transmitting the physical random access channel PRACH signal, as a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, where the at least two frequency points each have a preset bandwidth, and the at least two The terminal has no intersection between the frequency bands of the frequency points; the terminal generates a target PRACH signal according to the frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, the root allocated by the base station, and the cyclic shift corresponding to the root allocated by the base station; Sending the target PRACH signal to the base station on the target PRACH resource.
  • the terminal may select a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, and generate a target PRACH signal according to the root allocated by the base station and the sequence corresponding to the root allocated by the base station, so as to match the characteristics of the Internet of Things system.
  • Devices in a networked system implement random access.
  • the at least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in the Internet of Things system.
  • the at least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in a power system in an Internet of Things system.
  • the 40 discrete frequency points authorized for use by the power department are included in 223 MHz to 235 MHz, wherein the bandwidth of each frequency point is 25 kHz.
  • the number of the target PRACH resources is at least two
  • the number of frequency points used for transmitting the PRACH signal is at least two
  • the target PRACH resource is used to send the PRACH.
  • the frequency of the signal corresponds one-to-one.
  • the selecting, by using at least two frequency points, a frequency point for transmitting a physical random access PRACH signal includes:
  • the frequency point for transmitting the PRACH signal is randomly selected from the at least two frequency points. This method is relatively simple to implement, but this method does not consider the channel state information of the selected frequency point. If there is a serious interference in the selected frequency point, the channel quality is not guaranteed, thus affecting the random access success rate.
  • a frequency point corresponding to the downlink system information that can be correctly parsed is from the base station as the frequency point for transmitting the PRACH signal. It should be understood that the downlink system information is sent by the base station at the frequency point.
  • the channel quality on the frequency point corresponding to the downlink system information that can be correctly parsed is guaranteed, and the interference situation is not serious, so the random access success rate can be improved.
  • the generating, according to a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, a root allocated by a base station, and a cyclic shift corresponding to a root allocated by the base station, generating a target PRACH signal including: obtaining, from the The reference signal of the signal of the base station receives the power RSRP; when the RSRP is greater than the preset threshold, according to the frequency occupied by the target PRACH resource, the root allocated by the base station, and the first loop corresponding to the root allocated by the base station Shifting, generating a target PRACH signal, the first cyclic shift is used to indicate that the RSRP is greater than the preset threshold; when the PSRP is less than or equal to the preset threshold, according to the target PRACH resource occupation a frequency point, a root of the base station, and a second cyclic shift corresponding to the root allocated by the base station, to generate a target PRACH signal, where the second cyclic shift is used to indicate that the RSRP is less
  • the terminal may further provide location information of the terminal, for example, indicating the relationship between the current location of the terminal and the cell center, and further, provide the base station with the service information of the terminal, for example, different.
  • the cyclic shift corresponds to different services, and the terminal determines a corresponding cyclic shift to generate a target PRACH signal according to the service type of the service that the user needs to initiate, and when the base station detects the target PRACH signal, the base station may perform a cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal.
  • the type of service that knows the service that the terminal needs to initiate.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the subcarriers in the target PRACH signal is greater than 100 Hz and less than 200 Hz.
  • the subcarrier has a bandwidth of 156.25 Hz.
  • the sending the target PRACH signal to the base station on the target PRACH resource includes: in the target PRACH resource corresponding to the target PRACH resource, in the target PRACH resource Sending, by the occupied frequency point, the target PRACH signal to the base station, where the target transmission period is determined by the terminal according to information of a cell in which the terminal is located, or the target transmission period is determined by the base station and notified to the station In the terminal, there is no intersection between the transmission periods of the PRACH signals corresponding to the neighboring cells. Therefore, the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively avoid interference between terminals and improve the random access success rate of the terminal.
  • a random access method includes: receiving, by a base station, a target physical random access channel PRACH signal sent by a terminal; and determining, when the cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal is a first cyclic shift, The number of PDCCH resources allocated by the terminal is a first quantity, where the first cyclic shift is used to indicate that the reference signal received power RSRP of the signal from the base station acquired by the terminal is greater than a preset threshold; corresponding When the cyclic shift is the second cyclic shift, the number of PDCCH resources allocated to the terminal is determined to be a second quantity, and the second cyclic shift is used to indicate that the RSRP is less than or equal to the preset threshold.
  • the second number is greater than the first number, and the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift correspond to the same root.
  • the receiving, by the receiving terminal, the PRACH signal includes: receiving a signal to be detected; calculating a correlation between a sequence in the to-be-detected signal and a preamble sequence corresponding to the pre-stored first cyclic shift a coefficient of correlation; a correlation coefficient of a preamble sequence corresponding to the pre-stored second cyclic shift; a sequence in the to-be-detected signal corresponding to the first cyclic shift
  • the correlation coefficient of the preamble sequence is greater than the effective threshold
  • the to-be-detected signal is a PRACH signal
  • the cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal is the first cyclic shift
  • the sequence and the sequence in the to-be-detected signal When the correlation coefficient of the preamble sequence corresponding to the second cyclic shift is greater than the effective threshold, the to-be-detected signal is a PRACH signal, and the cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal is a
  • the correlation coefficient here can be an inner product.
  • the effective threshold is obtained according to a correlation coefficient between a preamble sequence corresponding to the pre-stored third cyclic shift and a sequence in the signal to be detected, the first cyclic shift, the second The cyclic shift and the third cyclic shift correspond to the same root.
  • the effective threshold is a fixed value, the base station is likely to falsely detect the PRACH signal when the interference is large. Therefore, the effective threshold needs to change in real time with the interference situation. Considering that the different cyclic shift sequences in a root generated sequence are subjected to the same interference, the pre-stored third cyclic shift is used to determine the effective threshold, thereby improving the judgment.
  • the received signal to be detected is the accuracy of the PRACH signal.
  • a PRACH resource can correspond to one root or multiple roots.
  • Terminals in the same cell can use the same root, and the transmission period of terminals in the same cell is the same.
  • the method before the receiving the physical random access channel PRACH signal sent by the terminal, the method further includes: determining, according to the information of the cell where the terminal is located, the PRACH signal corresponding to the cell where the terminal is located During the transmission period, there is no intersection between the transmission periods of the PRACH signals corresponding to the neighboring cells; the transmission period of the PRACH signal corresponding to the cell in which the terminal is located is notified to the terminal as the target transmission period of the target PRACH signal.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively avoid interference between terminals and improve the random access success rate of the terminal.
  • a third aspect a terminal, comprising: a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;
  • the memory is configured to store program code executed by the processor
  • the processor is configured to: according to the program code stored in the memory, perform: selecting, from the at least two frequency points, a frequency point for transmitting a physical random access channel PRACH signal, as a frequency occupied by the target PRACH resource Point, the at least two frequency points each have a preset bandwidth, and there is no intersection between the frequency bands of the at least two frequency points; according to the frequency occupied by the target PRACH resource, the root of the base station allocation, and the base station allocation a cyclic shift corresponding to the root, generating a target PRACH signal; transmitting, by the transceiver, the target PRACH signal to the base station on the target PRACH resource.
  • the at least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in the Internet of Things system.
  • the at least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in a power system in an Internet of Things system.
  • the number of the target PRACH resources is at least two
  • the number of frequency points used for transmitting the PRACH signal is at least two
  • the target PRACH resource is used to send the PRACH.
  • the frequency of the signal corresponds one-to-one.
  • the processor when the frequency point for transmitting a physical random access PRACH signal is selected from at least two frequency points, the processor is configured to:
  • the frequency point for transmitting the PRACH signal Selecting, from the at least two frequency points, the frequency point for transmitting the PRACH signal; or selecting, from the at least two frequency points, a frequency point corresponding to downlink system information that can be correctly parsed, as the At the frequency at which the PRACH signal is transmitted, the downlink system information is from the base station.
  • the processor is used to generate a target PRACH signal according to a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, a root allocated by a base station, and a cyclic shift corresponding to a root allocated by the base station.
  • Corresponding a first cyclic shift generating a target PRACH signal, where the first cyclic shift is used to indicate that the RSRP is greater than the preset threshold; when the PSRP is less than or equal to the preset threshold, according to the a frequency of the target PRACH resource, a root of the base station, and a second cyclic shift corresponding to the root allocated by the base station, to generate a target PRACH signal, where the second cyclic shift is used to indicate that the RSRP is less
  • the bandwidth occupied by the subcarriers in the target PRACH signal is greater than 100 Hz and less than 200 Hz.
  • the processor when the target PRACH signal is sent to the base station by using the transceiver on the target PRACH resource, the processor is configured to: target corresponding to the target PRACH resource Sending, by the transceiver, the target PRACH signal to the base station by using the transceiver at a frequency occupied by the target PRACH resource, where the target transmission period is determined according to information of a cell in which the cell is located, or The target transmission period is determined by the base station and notified to the terminal, and there is no intersection between the transmission periods of the respective PRACH signals corresponding to the neighboring cells.
  • a base station comprising: a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;
  • the memory is configured to store program code executed by the processor
  • the processor is configured to perform the following operations according to the program code stored in the memory:
  • a target physical random access channel PRACH signal sent by the terminal receives, by the transceiver, a target physical random access channel PRACH signal sent by the terminal; when the cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal is the first cyclic shift, determining that the number of PDCCH resources allocated to the terminal is a quantity, the first cyclic shift is used to indicate that the reference signal received power RSRP of the signal from the base station acquired by the terminal is greater than a preset threshold; and the cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal is a second loop When shifting, determining that the number of PDCCH resources allocated to the terminal is a second quantity, the second cyclic shift is used to indicate that the RSRP is less than or equal to the preset threshold, and the second quantity is greater than the The first number, the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift correspond to the same root.
  • the processor when the receiving the PRACH signal sent by the terminal, the processor is configured to:
  • the transceiver Receiving, by the transceiver, a signal to be detected; calculating a correlation coefficient of a sequence in the signal to be detected and a preamble sequence corresponding to the first cyclic shift; calculating a sequence in the signal to be detected and pre-stored a correlation coefficient of the preamble sequence corresponding to the second cyclic shift; a sequence in the to-be-detected signal and the first cyclic shift pair
  • the correlation coefficient of the preamble sequence is greater than the effective threshold
  • the to-be-detected signal is a PRACH signal
  • the cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal is the first cyclic shift
  • the sequence in the to-be-detected signal When the correlation coefficient of the preamble sequence corresponding to the second cyclic shift is greater than the effective threshold, the to-be-detected signal is a PRACH signal, and the cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal is the second cyclic shift;
  • the effective threshold is obtained according to a correlation coefficient between a preamble sequence corresponding to the pre-stored third cyclic shift and a sequence in the signal to be detected, the first cyclic shift, the second The cyclic shift and the third cyclic shift correspond to the same root.
  • the processor before the receiving, by the transceiver, the physical random access channel PRACH signal sent by the terminal, the processor is further configured to:
  • a random access device comprises: means for performing any of the above first aspects or any of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
  • a random access device comprises: means for performing any of the possible implementations of the second aspect or the second aspect above.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an overview of a random access method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of random access of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a second flowchart of an overview of a random access method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a PRACH signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a second schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a random access device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a second schematic structural diagram of a random access device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the public network LTE random access process includes the following four steps:
  • the UE transmits a random access preamble to the base station.
  • the UE randomly selects a random access preamble to transmit to the base station on the PRACH resource allocated by the cell, to notify the base station that the UE wants to access the cell.
  • the base station detects random access preambles and corresponding round-trip transmission delays of each preamble on known PRACH resources.
  • the UE receives a random access response (RAR) sent by the base station.
  • RAR random access response
  • the UE monitors whether there is a physical downlink control channel (Physical Downlink) in the random access response window.
  • Control Channel PDCCH
  • the PDCCH indicating the RAR is scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI). If there is no RAR, or the preamble index included in the RAR is different from the preamble index sent by the UE, the random access procedure fails.
  • the random access preamble sent by the UE has a correspondence with the preamble index.
  • the UE sends a conflict resolution identifier to the base station.
  • the UE Since different UEs may select the same preamble, even if the preamble index sent by the UE is included in the RAR, the UE may not be successful in the random access procedure. Therefore, in order to solve the conflict problem that may exist, the UE reports the specific identity information of the base station to the base station as a conflict resolution identifier on the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) allocated in the RAR.
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • the UE receives the conflict resolution message replied by the base station.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a random access method, including:
  • Step 100 The terminal selects, from the at least two frequency points, a frequency point for transmitting the PRACH signal, as a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, and at least two frequency points each have a preset bandwidth, and at least two frequency bands are used. There is no intersection between them.
  • At least two frequency points are discontinuous or discrete.
  • At least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in the Internet of Things system.
  • the at least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in the power system in the Internet of Things system.
  • 40 discrete frequency points authorized for use by the power department are included in 223 MHz to 235 MHz, wherein the bandwidth of each frequency point is 25 kHz.
  • the number of the target PRACH resources is at least two, and the number of frequency points used for transmitting the PRACH signal is at least two, and the target PRACH resources are in one-to-one correspondence with the frequency points used for transmitting the PRACH signal.
  • the terminal selects a frequency point for transmitting the PRACH signal from at least two frequency points, and may be limited to the following two methods:
  • the first way randomly select a frequency point for transmitting a PRACH signal from at least two frequency points.
  • This method is relatively simple to implement, but this method does not consider the channel state information of the selected frequency point. If there is a serious interference in the selected frequency point, the channel quality is not guaranteed, thus affecting the random access success rate.
  • the second method selecting a frequency point corresponding to the downlink system information that can be correctly parsed from at least two frequency points, as a frequency point for transmitting the PRACH signal, the downlink system information is from the base station.
  • the downlink system information is sent by the base station at the frequency point.
  • the terminal may use three frequency points corresponding to the three downlink system information that can be correctly parsed as an alternative frequency resource, and then randomly select at least one of the frequency points to send the target PRACH signal to the base station.
  • the channel quality on the frequency point corresponding to the downlink system information that can be correctly parsed is guaranteed, and the interference situation is not serious, so the random access success rate can be improved.
  • Step 110 The terminal generates a target PRACH signal according to a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, a root allocated by the base station, and a cyclic shift corresponding to the root allocated by the base station.
  • the root allocated by the base station and the root corresponding to the base station allocation Ring shifting, when generating the target PRACH signal, can be divided into the following two cases:
  • the terminal acquires Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP) of the signal from the base station, and then compares the RSRP with a preset threshold.
  • RSRP Reference Signal Receiving Power
  • the target cyclic signal is generated according to the frequency of the target PRACH resource, the root allocated by the base station, and the first cyclic shift corresponding to the root allocated by the base station, and the first cyclic shift is generated. Instructing the RSRP to be greater than a preset threshold;
  • the second case when the RSRP is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the target PRACH signal is generated according to the root of the frequency point base station allocated by the target PRACH resource and the second cyclic shift corresponding to the root allocated by the base station, and the second cyclic shift The bit is used to indicate that the RSRP is less than or equal to a preset threshold.
  • the base station determines that the number of PDCCH resources allocated to the terminal is the first when the cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal is the first cyclic shift.
  • cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal is the second cyclic shift, determining that the number of PDCCH resources allocated for the terminal is the second quantity, the second quantity is greater than the first quantity, the first cyclic shift and the second The cyclic shift corresponds to the same root.
  • the terminal may further provide location information of the terminal, for example, indicating the relationship between the current location of the terminal and the cell center, and further, provide the base station with the service information of the terminal, for example, different.
  • the cyclic shift corresponds to different services, and the terminal determines a corresponding cyclic shift to generate a target PRACH signal according to the service type of the service that the user needs to initiate, and when the base station detects the target PRACH signal, the base station may perform a cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal.
  • the type of service that knows the service that the terminal needs to initiate.
  • Step 120 The terminal sends a target PRACH signal to the base station on the target PRACH resource.
  • the subcarrier occupied by the target PRACH signal has a bandwidth greater than 100 Hz and less than 200 Hz.
  • the duration of the PRACH signal needs to meet the requirements of wide coverage and deep coverage of the IoT system.
  • the target PRACH signal mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the Internet of Things system as follows:
  • the PRACH signal includes a Cyclic prefix (CP), a preamble sequence, and a guard time (GT).
  • CP Cyclic prefix
  • GT guard time
  • the PRACH signal still adopts the signal structure, wherein the CP length in the PRACH signal is greater than the round-trip delay corresponding to the preset maximum cell radius and the maximum delay extension corresponding to the preset maximum cell radius, so that the CP Supports the size of the cell to be covered; the GT length is greater than the round-trip delay to prevent the signal from leaking to the next subframe, causing interference; the length of the preamble sequence is equal to the reciprocal of the bandwidth of the preset subcarrier.
  • the TTI of the public network LTE PRACH signal is 1ms or 2ms, and the duration is short.
  • the signal energy cannot meet the requirements of wide coverage and deep coverage of the Internet of Things system. For example, many devices are located in basement, storage, and other locations where path loss is high. When the signal duration is short, devices in these locations may not receive signals successfully.
  • the bandwidth of the preset subcarrier cannot be too large or too small.
  • the bandwidth of the preset subcarrier is too large, which will cause the transmission time interval (TTI) to be shortened, the signal energy to decrease, and the detection probability of the signal to decrease, and as the TTI is shortened, it will also cause The proportion of CP and GT increases, resulting in an increase in overhead.
  • the bandwidth of the preset subcarrier is too large, and the actual number of subcarriers in a single discrete frequency point is reduced, and the length of the preamble sequence is shortened, resulting in the number of roots of each available ZC sequence and each. Root can provide a reduction in cyclic shifts.
  • pre Setting the bandwidth of the subcarrier too small will cause the signal to be greatly affected by the frequency offset.
  • the bandwidth of the preset subcarrier multiplied by the number of subcarriers is smaller than the bandwidth of the frequency point; the number of subcarriers is determined according to the available bandwidth and the bandwidth of the preset subcarrier, and is a prime number, and the number of subcarriers is equal to the length of the preamble sequence.
  • N ZC where the preamble sequence is a ZC sequence, and the available bandwidth is equal to the difference between the bandwidth of a single discrete frequency point and the bandwidth of the preset guard band, wherein the preset guard band is used to prevent signal interference.
  • a cyclic shift corresponding to each root can generate a ZC sequence.
  • the root allocated by the base station is a root with a frequency offset affecting the timing performance of the preamble sequence, and at the same time, the cyclic shift can be provided as much as possible. Therefore, the root allocated by the base station is less affected by the frequency offset, and the cyclic shift in each root is less affected by the frequency offset.
  • the minimum distance N CS between two available cyclic shifts in a root is determined according to the ZC sequence length N ZC , the maximum round trip delay corresponding to the cell radius, the maximum delay spread, and the reserved duration, which is available in one root.
  • the maximum number of cyclic shifts is
  • the maximum delay spread ⁇ ds is used to describe the delay difference of the multipath.
  • the current LTE cell is used as a reference, and the maximum is about 17 us.
  • the reserved duration is used to increase the distance between the two available cyclic shifts, mitigating the interference caused by the frequency offset.
  • PRACH signal suitable for use in a power system in an IoT system.
  • a random access opportunity period in an Internet of Things system is defined as 16 radio frames.
  • the Random access opportunity is located in a special subframe.
  • the frequency error is between ⁇ 50 Hz and the bandwidth of the preset subcarrier is 156.25 Hz
  • the bandwidth of a single discrete frequency point is 25 kHz
  • the number of possible subcarriers is reduced to 120. Since the actual number of subcarriers needs to be prime, the maximum number of subcarriers is 113, so the length of the ZC sequence is 113.
  • the preset maximum cell radius corresponds to a round trip delay of at least 666 ⁇ s
  • the preset maximum cell radius corresponds to a maximum delay spread of 17 ⁇ s
  • the CP is at least For 700 ⁇ s
  • the configuration CP length is 0.8 ms
  • the GT length is 0.8 ms (where GT length is selected to ensure uniformity with the configuration of the GT in the special subframe).
  • Number of subframes allocated for PRACH signals 1 Subcarrier spacing (Hz) 156.25 CP length (ms) 0.8 Preamble length (ms) 6.4 GP length (ms) 0.8
  • the ZC sequence length is 113, there are 113 cyclic shifts, that is, 0-112. But because it is used as a preamble The cyclic shift of the sequence needs to have timing, so not every cyclic shift can be used.
  • K denotes a set of cyclic shifts
  • m is used to indicate the index of the cyclic shift
  • the roots of the ZC sequence and the corresponding cyclic shifts are preferred.
  • the corresponding cyclic shift set is shown in Table 2. Specifically, Table 2 shows the list of roots and cyclic shifts corresponding to a cell radius of 50 km.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a random access method, including:
  • Step 400 The base station receives the target PRACH signal sent by the terminal.
  • the base station receives the signal to be detected. Since it does not know the signal type of the received signal, and does not know whether the received signal is transmitted by the terminal, it is necessary to judge each received signal to be detected.
  • the base station calculates a correlation coefficient of the sequence in the signal to be detected and the preamble sequence corresponding to the pre-stored first cyclic shift, and calculates a correlation between the sequence in the signal to be detected and the preamble sequence corresponding to the pre-stored second cyclic shift. coefficient.
  • the correlation coefficient here can be an inner product.
  • the signal to be detected is a PRACH signal
  • the cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal is the first cyclic shift.
  • the detection signal is a PRACH signal
  • the cyclic shift corresponding to the signal to be detected is a second cyclic shift.
  • the base station sends a random access response, and receives uplink information from the terminal.
  • the uplink information indicates that the to-be-detected signal is from the terminal
  • the to-be-detected signal is the target PRACH signal.
  • the base station completes the signal type of the signal to be detected and the identity confirmation of the sender of the signal to be detected.
  • the effective threshold is obtained according to a correlation coefficient between the preamble sequence corresponding to the pre-stored third cyclic shift and the sequence in the signal to be detected, and the first cyclic shift, the second cyclic shift, and the third cyclic shift correspond to The same root.
  • a PRACH resource may correspond to one root or multiple roots.
  • Terminals in the same cell can use the same root, and the transmission period of terminals in the same cell is the same.
  • the effective threshold is a fixed value, the base station is likely to falsely detect the PRACH signal when the interference is large. Therefore, the effective threshold needs to change in real time with the interference situation. Considering that the different cyclic shift sequences in a root generated sequence are subjected to the same interference, the pre-stored third cyclic shift is used to determine the effective threshold, thereby improving the judgment.
  • the received signal to be detected is the accuracy of the PRACH signal.
  • Step 410a When the cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal is the first cyclic shift, determine that the number of PDCCH resources allocated for the terminal is the first quantity, and the first cyclic shift is used to indicate that the terminal acquires the signal from the base station. RSRP is greater than the preset threshold.
  • Step 410b When the cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal is the second cyclic shift, determine that the number of PDCCH resources allocated for the terminal is the second quantity, and the second cyclic shift is used to indicate that the RSRP is less than or equal to the preset threshold.
  • the second number is greater than the first number, and the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift correspond to the same root.
  • each root selects 6 cyclic shifts, and divides 4 cyclic shifts into a first preset packet and a second preset packet, which are allocated to the terminal for generating a PRACH signal, and 2 cyclic shifts are used as pre-stored cyclic shifts. Used by the distribution terminal to determine the effective threshold.
  • the base station determines that the to-be-detected signal is a PRACH signal and obtains a cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal, the base station determines the number of PDCCH resources allocated to the terminal according to the packet to which the cyclic shift belongs, for example, the cyclic shift belongs to the first preset.
  • the terminal allocates the number of PDCCH resources corresponding to the first preset packet, and the cyclic shift in the first preset packet is used to indicate that the RSRP is less than or equal to a preset threshold; when the cyclic shift belongs to the second preset packet The terminal allocates the number of PDCCH resources corresponding to the second preset packet, and the cyclic shift in the second preset packet is used to indicate that the RSRP is greater than a preset threshold.
  • the base station determines the transmission period of the PRACH signal corresponding to the cell where the terminal is located according to the information of the cell where the terminal is located, and notifies the terminal of the transmission period of the PRACH signal corresponding to the cell where the terminal is located, as the target PRACH signal.
  • the target delivery period There is no intersection between the transmission periods of the PRACH signals corresponding to the neighboring cells.
  • the target transmits the target PRACH signal to the base station at the frequency occupied by the target PRACH resource in the target transmission period corresponding to the target PRACH resource, where the target transmission period is
  • the base station determines and notifies the terminal, or the target transmission period may also be determined by the terminal according to the information of the cell in which the terminal is located.
  • the PRACH signal transmission period corresponding to each cell may be the cell ID mode division 15, and the cell with the remainder i is the (i+1) special subframe as the corresponding PRACH signal transmission period.
  • the base station determines, according to the cell number of the cell where the terminal is located, the transmission period of the PRACH signal corresponding to the cell where the terminal is located, and notifies the terminal in the cell in the cell, or the terminal passes the downlink synchronization signal, for example, the master before performing the random access process.
  • Sync signal Primary Synchronized Signal, PSS
  • SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal 500, including: a memory 501, a transceiver 502, and a processor 503.
  • a memory 501 configured to store program code executed by the processor 503;
  • the processor 503 is configured to perform the following operations according to the program code stored in the memory 501:
  • a frequency point for transmitting the physical random access channel (PRACH) signal as a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, wherein the at least two frequency points each have a preset bandwidth, and the at least two There is no intersection between the frequency bands of the frequency points;
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the at least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in the Internet of Things system.
  • the at least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in a power system in an Internet of Things system.
  • the number of the target PRACH resources is at least two
  • the number of frequency points used for transmitting the PRACH signal is at least two
  • the target PRACH resource is used to send the PRACH.
  • the frequency of the signal corresponds one-to-one.
  • the processor 503 when the frequency point for transmitting the physical random access PRACH signal is selected from the at least two frequency points, the processor 503 is configured to:
  • the downlink system information is from the base station.
  • the processor 503 is configured to generate a target PRACH signal according to a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, a root allocated by a base station, and a cyclic shift corresponding to a root allocated by the base station. Used for:
  • a signal, the second cyclic shift is used to indicate that the RSRP is less than or equal to the preset threshold.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the subcarriers in the target PRACH signal is greater than 100 Hz and less than 200 Hz.
  • the processor 503 when the target PRACH signal is sent by the transceiver 502 to the base station on the target PRACH resource, the processor 503 is configured to:
  • the frequency occupied by the target PRACH resource in the target transmission period corresponding to the target PRACH resource Transmitting, by the transceiver 502, the target PRACH signal to the base station, where the target transmission period is determined according to information of a cell in which the cell is located, or the target transmission period is determined by the base station and notified to the The terminal has no intersection between the transmission periods of the PRACH signals corresponding to the neighboring cells.
  • the terminal here, also called User Equipment (UE), is a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to users, for example, a handheld device with a wireless connection function, an in-vehicle device, and the like.
  • UE User Equipment
  • Common terminals include, for example, mobile phones, tablets, notebook computers, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices such as smart watches, smart bracelets, pedometers, and the like.
  • MIDs mobile internet devices
  • wearable devices such as smart watches, smart bracelets, pedometers, and the like.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station 600, including: a memory 601, a transceiver 602, and a processor 603;
  • the processor 603 is configured to perform the following operations according to the program code stored in the memory 601:
  • the processor 603 when the receiving the PRACH signal sent by the terminal, the processor 603 is configured to:
  • the to-be-detected signal is a PRACH signal
  • the cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal is The first cyclic shift
  • the to-be-detected signal is a PRACH signal
  • the cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal is The second cyclic shift
  • the transceiver 602 Receiving, by the transceiver 602, uplink information from the terminal, when the uplink information indicates that the to-be-detected signal is from the terminal, the to-be-detected signal is the target PRACH signal.
  • the effective threshold is obtained according to a correlation coefficient between a preamble sequence corresponding to the pre-stored third cyclic shift and a sequence in the signal to be detected, the first cyclic shift, the second The cyclic shift and the third cyclic shift correspond to the same root.
  • the processor 603 before receiving, by the transceiver 602, the physical random access channel PRACH signal sent by the terminal, the processor 603 is further configured to:
  • a base station also referred to as a radio access network (RAN) device, is a device that accesses a terminal to a wireless network, including but not limited to: an evolved Node B (eNB), and a wireless device.
  • Radio network controller RNC
  • Node B NB
  • BSC Base Station Controller
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • home base station for example, Home evolved NodeB
  • HNB Home Node B
  • BBU BaseBand Unit
  • AP Wifi Access Point
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station, including: an antenna 710, a radio frequency device 720, and a baseband device 730.
  • the antenna 710 is connected to the radio frequency device 720, and the baseband device 730 is configured.
  • the radio frequency device 720 is connected; in the uplink direction, the radio frequency device 720 receives the information transmitted by the terminal through the antenna 710, and transmits the information sent by the terminal to the baseband device 730 for processing.
  • the baseband device 730 processes the information of the terminal and sends it to the radio frequency device 720.
  • the radio frequency device 720 processes the information of the terminal and sends it to the final baseband device 730 via the antenna 710, including the processing component 731 and the storage component 732.
  • Element 731 invokes the program stored by storage element 732 to perform the method in the method embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the baseband device 730 may further include an interface 733 for interacting with the radio frequency device 720, such as a common public radio interface (CPRI).
  • CPRI common public radio interface
  • the storage element 732 can be a single memory or a plurality of storage elements.
  • a random access device is also provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and the device may be used to perform the method embodiment corresponding to the foregoing FIG. 1. Therefore, the implementation manner of the random access device provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be See the implementation of the method, and the repeated description will not be repeated.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a random access device 800, including: a selecting unit 810, a processing unit 820, and a sending unit 830;
  • the selecting unit 810 is configured to select, from the at least two frequency points, a frequency point for transmitting the physical random access channel (PRACH) signal as a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, where the at least two frequency points each have a preset bandwidth. , there is no intersection between the frequency bands of the at least two frequency points;
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the processing unit 820 is configured to generate a target PRACH signal according to a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, a root allocated by the base station, and a cyclic shift corresponding to the root allocated by the base station;
  • the sending unit 830 is configured to send the target PRACH signal to the base station on the target PRACH resource.
  • the at least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in the Internet of Things system.
  • the at least two frequency points are at least two frequency points for data reception in a power system in an Internet of Things system.
  • the number of the target PRACH resources is at least two
  • the number of frequency points used for transmitting the PRACH signal is at least two
  • the target PRACH resource is used to send the PRACH.
  • the frequency of the signal corresponds one-to-one.
  • the selecting unit 810 when the frequency point for transmitting the physical random access PRACH signal is selected from the at least two frequency points, the selecting unit 810 is configured to:
  • the downlink system information is from the base station.
  • the processing unit 820 uses to:
  • a signal, the second cyclic shift is used to indicate that the RSRP is less than or equal to the preset threshold.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the subcarriers in the target PRACH signal is greater than 100 Hz and less than 200 Hz.
  • the sending unit 830 when the target PRACH signal is sent to the base station on the target PRACH resource, the sending unit 830 is configured to:
  • the target PRACH signal transmitting, in the target transmission period corresponding to the target PRACH resource, the target PRACH signal to the base station at a frequency occupied by the target PRACH resource, where the target transmission period is determined according to information of a cell in which the cell is located. Or the target transmission period is determined by the base station and notified to the terminal, and there is no intersection between transmission periods of respective PRACH signals corresponding to the neighboring cells.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a random access device, which may be used to perform the method embodiment corresponding to FIG. 3, and thus the implementation manner of the random access device provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be See the implementation of the method, and the repeated description will not be repeated.
  • the random access device 900 includes: a transceiver unit 910, a processing unit 920;
  • the transceiver unit 910 is configured to receive a target physical random access channel (PRACH) signal sent by the terminal;
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the processing unit 920 is configured to determine, when the cyclic shift corresponding to the target PRACH signal is the first cyclic shift, that the number of PDCCH resources allocated to the terminal is a first quantity, the first cyclic shift a reference signal received power RSRP for indicating a signal from the base station acquired by the terminal is greater than a preset threshold;
  • the processing unit 920 when the receiving the PRACH signal sent by the terminal, the processing unit 920 is configured to:
  • the to-be-detected signal is a PRACH signal
  • the cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal is The first cyclic shift
  • the to-be-detected signal is a PRACH signal
  • the cyclic shift corresponding to the to-be-detected signal is The second cyclic shift
  • the transceiver unit 910 Receiving, by the transceiver unit 910, uplink information from the terminal, when the uplink information indicates that the to-be-detected signal is from the terminal, the to-be-detected signal is the target PRACH signal.
  • the effective threshold is obtained according to a correlation coefficient between a preamble sequence corresponding to the pre-stored third cyclic shift and a sequence in the signal to be detected, the first cyclic shift, the second The cyclic shift and the third cyclic shift correspond to the same root.
  • the processing unit 920 before receiving the physical random access channel PRACH signal sent by the terminal, the processing unit 920 is configured to:
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can select a frequency point occupied by the target PRACH resource, and generate a target PRACH signal according to the root allocated by the base station and the sequence corresponding to the root allocated by the base station, so as to match the characteristics of the Internet of Things system. To enable random access to devices in the IoT system.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
  • computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions are provided for implementing one or more processes and/or block diagrams in the flowchart The steps of the function specified in the box or in multiple boxes.

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Abstract

一种随机接入方法及设备，以使物联网中的设备实现随机接入。该方法包括：终端从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入信道PRACH信号的频点，作为目标PRACH资源占用的频点，至少两个频点各自具有预设的带宽，至少两个频点的频带之间无交集；终端根据目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号；终端在目标PRACH资源上向基站发送目标PRACH信号。

Description

一种随机接入方法及设备
本申请要求在2016年12月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为201611187162.6、发明名称为“一种随机接入方法及设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种随机接入方法及设备。
背景技术
随机接入过程用于初始化接入、获得上行同步或者请求资源。通过设备主动上报(即设备触发)或核心网的寻呼功能(即核心网触发)完成随机接入，设备接入成功后与核心网进行信息交换，保证了通信业务的完备性。其中，核心网的寻呼功能是指核心网通过寻呼信号呼叫特定设备，接收到寻呼信号的设备进行随机接入，便于核心网查阅该设备的本地数据。因此，无论是设备主动上报的通信方式，还是基于寻呼功能的通信方式，设备在下行同步的基础上，都需要进行随机接入过程，获得上行同步，与基站建立双向链接，从而进行数据双向传输。
现有技术中，由于公网LTE PRACH信号无法直接应用到物联网系统。
具体的，物联网系统电力系统提供多个用于数据接收的窄带频点(25kHz)。而公网LTE PRACH信号占用带宽为一个连续的1.08MHz，因此无法用于电力系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种随机接入方法及设备，以使物联网系统中的设备实现随机接入。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
第一方面、一种随机接入方法，包括：
终端从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入信道PRACH信号的频点，作为目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述至少两个频点各自具有预设的带宽，所述至少两个频点的频带之间无交集；所述终端根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号；所述终端在所述目标PRACH资源上向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号。
因此，采用本发明实施例提供的方法终端可以选择目标PRACH资源占用的频点，并根据基站分配的根及基站分配的根对应的序列生成目标PRACH信号，以匹配物联网系统的特征，使物联网系统中的设备实现随机接入。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中的电力系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
在223MHz～235MHz中包括授权给电力部门使用的40个离散的频点，其中，每个频点的带宽为25KHz。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述目标PRACH资源的数量为至少两个，所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点的数量为至少两个，所述目标PRACH资源与所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点一一对应。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入PRACH信号的频点，包括：
从所述至少两个频点中随机选取所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点。此种方式实现比较简便，但这一方式未考虑选取的频点的信道状态信息。若选取的频点存在干扰严重的情况，则使信道质量得不到保障，因而影响随机接入成功率。
或者，从所述至少两个频点中选取能够正确解析的下行系统信息对应的频点，作为所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点，所述下行系统信息来自所述基站。应理解的是，该下行系统信息是基站在该频点上发送的。由于能够正确解析的下行系统信息对应的频点上的信道质量有保障，干扰情况不严重，因此能够提升随机接入成功率。
因此，本发明实施例中提供选取频点的不同方法。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，包括：获取来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP；在所述RSRP大于预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第一循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述RSRP大于所述预设阈值；在所述PSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第二循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值。
应理解的是，当RSRP大于预设阈值时，表明终端与小区中心的距离较近，而当RSRP小于或等于预设阈值时，表明终端与小区中心的距离较远，可能位于小区边缘。因此，终端采用不同的循环移位生成目标PRACH信号时，还可以为基站提供终端的位置信息，例如指示终端当前位置与小区中心的关系，此外，还可以为基站提供终端的业务信息，例如不同的循环移位对应不同的业务，终端根据自身需要发起的业务的业务类型确定对应的循环移位生成目标PRACH信号，基站在检测到该目标PRACH信号时，可根据目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位获知终端需要发起的业务的业务类型。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述目标PRACH信号中子载波所占的带宽大于100Hz并且小于200Hz。例如，子载波的带宽为156.25Hz。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述目标PRACH资源上向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号，包括：在所述目标PRACH资源对应的目标发送时段内，在所述目标PRACH资源所占用的频点上向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号，所述目标发送时段为所述终端根据所在的小区的信息确定的，或者所述目标发送时段由所述基站确定并通知给所述终端，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集。因此，采用本发明实施例提供的方法能够有效避免各个终端之间的干扰，提高终端的随机接入成功率。
第二方面，一种随机接入方法，包括：基站接收终端发送的目标物理随机接入信道PRACH信号；在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第一循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第一数量，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述终端获取的来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP大于预设阈值；在所述目标PRACH信号对应的 循环移位为第二循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第二数量，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值，所述第二数量大于所述第一数量，所述第一循环移位和所述第二循环移位对应相同的根。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述接收终端发送的PRACH信号，包括：接收待检测信号；计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第一循环移位；在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第二循环移位；发送随机接入响应；接收来自所述终端的上行信息，在上行信息指示所述待检测信号来自于所述终端时，所述待检测信号为所述目标PRACH信号。
此处的相关性系数可以为内积。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述有效阈值根据预存的第三循环移位对应的前导序列与待检测信号中的序列的相关性系数得到，所述第一循环移位、所述第二循环移位和所述第三循环移位对应相同的根。
应理解的是，每个时刻频点受到干扰的情况不同。若有效阈值为固定值，则在干扰很大的情况下，基站很有可能会误检出PRACH信号。因而，有效阈值需要随着干扰情况实时变化，考虑到一个root生成的序列中不同的循环移位序列受到的干扰近似相同，因此利用预存的第三循环移位来确定有效阈值，从而提高了判断接收到的待检测信号为PRACH信号的准确性。
一个PRACH资源可以对应一个root，也可以对应多个root。
同一小区内的终端可以使用相同的root，同一小区内的终端的发送时段相同。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述接收终端发送的物理随机接入信道PRACH信号之前，还包括：根据所述终端所在的小区的信息，确定所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集；将所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段通知所述终端，以作为所述目标PRACH信号的目标发送时段。
因此，采用本发明实施例提供的方法能够有效避免各个终端之间的干扰，提高终端的随机接入成功率。
第三方面、一种终端，包括：存储器，收发器和处理器；
所述存储器，用于存储所述处理器执行的程序代码；
所述处理器，用于根据所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入信道PRACH信号的频点，作为目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述至少两个频点各自具有预设的带宽，所述至少两个频点的频带之间无交集；根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号；在所述目标PRACH资源上通过所述收发器向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中的电力系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述目标PRACH资源的数量为至少两个，所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点的数量为至少两个，所述目标PRACH资源与所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点一一对应。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入PRACH信号的频点时，所述处理器用于：
从所述至少两个频点中随机选取所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点；或者，从所述至少两个频点中选取能够正确解析的下行系统信息对应的频点，作为所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点，所述下行系统信息来自所述基站。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号时，所述处理器用于：获取来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP；在所述RSRP大于预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第一循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述RSRP大于所述预设阈值；在所述PSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第二循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述目标PRACH信号中子载波所占的带宽大于100Hz并且小于200Hz。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述目标PRACH资源上通过所述收发器向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号时，所述处理器用于：在所述目标PRACH资源对应的目标发送时段内，在所述目标PRACH资源所占用的频点上通过所述收发器向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号，所述目标发送时段为根据所在的小区的信息确定的，或者所述目标发送时段由所述基站确定并通知给所述终端，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集。
第四方面、一种基站，包括：存储器，收发器和处理器；
所述存储器，用于存储所述处理器执行的程序代码；
所述处理器，用于根据所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
通过所述收发器接收终端发送的目标物理随机接入信道PRACH信号；在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第一循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第一数量，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述终端获取的来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP大于预设阈值；在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第二循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第二数量，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值，所述第二数量大于所述第一数量，所述第一循环移位和所述第二循环移位对应相同的根。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述接收终端发送的PRACH信号时，所述处理器，用于：
通过所述收发器接收待检测信号；计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第一循环移位对 应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第一循环移位；在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第二循环移位；通过所述收发器发送随机接入响应；通过所述收发器接收来自所述终端的上行信息，在上行信息指示所述待检测信号来自于所述终端时，所述待检测信号为所述目标PRACH信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述有效阈值根据预存的第三循环移位对应的前导序列与待检测信号中的序列的相关性系数得到，所述第一循环移位、所述第二循环移位和所述第三循环移位对应相同的根。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在通过所述收发器接收终端发送的物理随机接入信道PRACH信号之前，所述处理器，还用于：
根据所述终端所在的小区的信息，确定所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集；将所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段通知所述终端，以作为所述目标PRACH信号的目标发送时段。
第五方面，一种随机接入装置，包括：包括用于执行以上第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式的单元。
第六方面，一种随机接入装置，包括：包括用于执行以上第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式的单元。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中随机接入方法的概述流程图之一；
图2为本发明实施例中终端随机接入的示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中随机接入方法的概述流程图之二；
图4为本发明实施例中PRACH信号的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中终端的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中基站的结构示意图之一；
图7为本发明实施例中基站的结构示意图之二；
图8为本发明实施例中随机接入装置的结构示意图之一；
图9为本发明实施例中随机接入装置的结构示意图之二。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的实施例进行描述。
首先针对公网LTE系统中采用的随机接入过程进行简要介绍。
具体来说，公网LTE随机接入过程包括以下四步：
(1)UE发送随机接入前导码序列(random access preamble)至基站。
UE在小区分配的PRACH资源上随机选择一个random access preamble发送至基站，以通知基站该UE想要接入小区。基站在已知的PRACH资源上检测random access preambles以及每个preamble相应的往返传输时延。
(2)UE接收基站发送的随机接入响应(Random access response，RAR)。
UE在随机接入响应窗内去监听是否存在由物理下行控制信道(Physical Downlink  Control Channel，PDCCH)指示的RAR。具体的，指示RAR的PDCCH通过随机接入无线网络临时标识(Random access radio network temporary identifier，RA-RNTI)进行加扰。若不存在RAR，或者RAR中包含的前导码索引(preamble index)与UE发送的preamble index不相同，则本次随机接入过程失败。其中，UE发送的random access preamble与preamble index存在对应关系。
(3)UE发送冲突解决标识至基站。
由于不同的UE可能选择相同的preamble，因此即使RAR中包含了UE发送的preamble index，也不能说明UE本次随机接入过程成功。因此，为了解决这种可能存在的冲突问题，UE将在RAR中分配的物理上行共享信道(Physical uplink shared channel，PUSCH)上给基站上报自身的特定身份识别信息作为冲突解决标识。
(4)UE接收基站回复的冲突解决消息。
若UE接收到的冲突解决消息中携带的竞争成功的UE身份标识与该UE相匹配，则随机接入成功。否则，随机接入失败。
参阅图1所示，本发明实施例提供一种随机接入方法，包括：
步骤100：终端从至少两个频点中选取用于发送PRACH信号的频点，作为目标PRACH资源占用的频点，至少两个频点各自具有预设的带宽，至少两个频点的频带之间无交集。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少两个频点之间不连续或者离散。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少两个频点为物联网系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少两个频点为物联网系统中的电力系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
例如，在223MHz～235MHz中包括授权给电力部门使用的40个离散的频点，其中，每个频点的带宽为25KHz。
在一种可能的实现方式中，目标PRACH资源的数量为至少两个，用于发送PRACH信号的频点的数量为至少两个，目标PRACH资源与用于发送PRACH信号的频点一一对应。
终端从至少两个频点中选取用于发送PRACH信号的频点，可以采用但不限于以下两种方式：
第一种方式：从至少两个频点中随机选取用于发送PRACH信号的频点。
此种方式实现比较简便，但这一方式未考虑选取的频点的信道状态信息。若选取的频点存在干扰严重的情况，则使信道质量得不到保障，因而影响随机接入成功率。
第二种方式：从至少两个频点中选取能够正确解析的下行系统信息对应的频点，作为用于发送PRACH信号的频点，下行系统信息来自基站。
应理解的是，该下行系统信息是基站在该频点上发送的。
例如，终端可将能够正确解析的3个下行系统信息对应的3个频点作为备选的频率资源，然后从中随机选取其中至少一个频点向基站发送目标PRACH信号。
由于能够正确解析的下行系统信息对应的频点上的信道质量有保障，干扰情况不严重，因此能够提升随机接入成功率。
步骤110：终端根据目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号。
具体的，根据目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及基站分配的根对应的循 环移位，生成目标PRACH信号时，可分为以下两种情况进行处理：
首先，终端获取来自基站的信号的参考信号接收功率(Reference Signal Receiving Power，RSRP)，然后将RSRP与预设阈值进行比较。
第一种情况：在RSRP大于预设阈值时，根据目标PRACH资源占用的频点，基站分配的根以及基站分配的根对应的第一循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，第一循环移位用于指示RSRP大于预设阈值；
第二种情况：在RSRP小于或者等于预设阈值时，根据目标PRACH资源占用的频点基站分配的根，以及基站分配的根对应的第二循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，第二循环移位用于指示RSRP小于或者等于预设阈值。
应理解的是，当RSRP大于预设阈值时，表明终端与小区中心的距离较近，而当RSRP小于或等于预设阈值时，表明终端与小区中心的距离较远，可能位于小区边缘。此时，为了保证处于小区边缘的终端能够成功接收到基站发送的控制信令，基站在目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第一循环移位时，确定为终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第一数量；在目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第二循环移位时，确定为终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第二数量，第二数量大于第一数量，第一循环移位和第二循环移位对应相同的根。
因此，终端采用不同的循环移位生成目标PRACH信号时，还可以为基站提供终端的位置信息，例如指示终端当前位置与小区中心的关系，此外，还可以为基站提供终端的业务信息，例如不同的循环移位对应不同的业务，终端根据自身需要发起的业务的业务类型确定对应的循环移位生成目标PRACH信号，基站在检测到该目标PRACH信号时，可根据目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位获知终端需要发起的业务的业务类型。
步骤120：终端在目标PRACH资源上向基站发送目标PRACH信号。
其中，目标PRACH信号中子载波所占的带宽大于100Hz并且小于200Hz。
在物联网系统中，PRACH信号的持续时间需要能够满足物联网系统广覆盖、深覆盖的要求。本发明实施例中提到的目标PRACH信号，为了适用于物联网系统，可以采用如下设计思路：
首先，在公网LTE系统中，PRACH信号包括循环前缀(Cyclic prefix，CP)、前导码序列和保护时间(Guard time，GT)。
本发明实施例中，PRACH信号依然采用这种信号结构，其中，PRACH信号中的CP长度大于预设最大小区半径对应的往返时延以及预设最大小区半径对应的最大时延扩展，以使CP支持所要求覆盖的小区大小；GT长度大于往返时延，以避免信号漏到下一个子帧(subframe)，造成干扰(interference)；前导码序列长度等于预设子载波的带宽的倒数。
公网LTE PRACH信号的TTI为1ms或者2ms，持续时间较短，信号能量不能满足物联网系统广覆盖、深覆盖的要求。例如，很多设备位于地下室、储藏间等路径损耗很大的位置，当信号持续时间较短时，处于这些位置的设备可能无法成功接收到信号。
因此，在确定预设子载波的带宽时，预设子载波的带宽不能太大也不能太小。预设子载波的带宽太大，会造成持续时间(transmission time interval，TTI)减短，信号能量减小，造成信号检测概率(detection probability)下降，并且，随着TTI的减短，还会造成CP以及GT所占比例增大，导致负载(overhead)增大。同时，预设子载波的带宽太大，还会造成单个离散频点中的实际子载波数量减小，前导码序列(preamble sequence)长度缩短，造成可供选择的ZC序列的roots数量以及每个root能够提供的cyclic shifts减少。另一方面，预 设子载波的带宽太小会导致信号受到频率偏移(frequency offset)的影响大。
预设子载波的带宽乘以子载波数量确定的带宽小于频点的带宽；子载波数量是根据可用带宽和预设子载波的带宽确定的，且为质数，子载波数量等于构成前导码序列长度NZC，这里的前导码序列为ZC序列，可用带宽等于单个离散频点的带宽与预设保护带的带宽之差，其中，预设的保护带用于防止信号干扰。其中，每个根对应的一个循环移位都可以生成一个ZC序列。
其中，基站分配的root为频率偏移(frequency offset)对前导序列定时性能影响小的root，且同时能够提供的cyclic shift尽量多的root。因此，基站分配的root受频率偏移影响较小，且每个root中的cyclic shift受频率偏移影响较小。
在一个root中两个可用循环移位之间的最小距离NCS是根据ZC序列长度NZC、小区半径对应的最大往返时延、最大时延扩展以及预留时长确定的，一个root中的可用循环移位个数最大为
Figure PCTCN2017115975-appb-000001
其中，小区半径对应的最大往返时延为
Figure PCTCN2017115975-appb-000002
其中R表示小区半径大小，c表示光速。例如，R＝50km时，最大往返时延为333μs。
最大时延扩展τds，用于描述多径的时延差值，以当前LTE小区为参照，最大约为17us。预留时长用于增加两个可用循环移位之间距离，减轻频率偏移造成的干扰。
下面举例说明适用于物联网系统中的电力系统的PRACH信号。
参阅图2所示，假设物联网系统中的随机接入周期(random access opportunity period)定为16个无线帧(radio frames)。Random access opportunity位于特殊子帧(special subframe)。参阅图3所示，假设频率误差(frequency error)在±50Hz之间，选取预设子载波的带宽为156.25Hz，则TTI的长度为6.4ms，1/156.25Hz＝6.4ms。单个离散频点的带宽为25kHz，则可能的子载波数量为25kHz/156.25Hz＝160，由于单个离散频点资源需要预留两边部分频带资源用做预设保护带，假设两边预留的保护带为20×156.25Hz，则可能的子载波数量减为120个，由于实际子载波数量需要为质数，因此最大的子载波数量为113，因此ZC序列长度为113。预设子载波的带宽乘以子载波数量确定的带宽为113×156.25Hz＝17.65625kHz。
考虑最大的小区半径为100km，则预设最大小区半径对应的往返时延(round trip delay)至少为666μs，预设最大小区半径对应的最大时延扩展(max delay spread)为17μs，则CP至少为700μs，配置CP长度为0.8ms,GT长度为0.8ms(其中，GT长度的选择以保证与special subframe中的GT的配置统一)。
具体的，PRACH信号的相关参数如表1所示:
表1
分配用于PRACH信号的子帧数量 1
子载波的带宽(Subcarrier spacing)(Hz) 156.25
CP长度(ms) 0.8
Preamble长度(ms) 6.4
GP长度(ms) 0.8
进一步地，由于ZC序列长度为113可以有113种循环移位，即0-112。但由于用做preamble  sequence的cyclic shift需要具有定时(timing)的功能，因而，不是每一个cyclic shift都可以使用。
由上可知，NZC＝113对应的时间为6.4ms，以半径为50km的小区来考虑，round trip delay为333us，delay spread 17us，总共为350us，可用cyclic shift之间的间隔为：
Figure PCTCN2017115975-appb-000003
即350/6400*113≈6；
此外，考虑预留时长约为100us。
所以可用cyclic shift之间的间隔为8，即NCS≥8。因此，需要保证相邻两个cyclic shift之间的差大于等于NCS，对于长度为NZC的ZC sequence，可用的cyclic shift个数最大为
Figure PCTCN2017115975-appb-000004
即113/8≈14。
例如，
Figure PCTCN2017115975-appb-000005
K表示cyclic shift的集合，m用于指示cyclic shift的index，κ＝m·NCS指每个cyclic shift的索引。
进一步地，考虑frequency offset的影响，因此优选了ZC序列的roots以及对应的cyclic shifts。所选择的root为root＝7，33，40，53，60，73，80，106。所对应的cyclic shift set见表2。具体的，表2所示为小区半径为50km时对应的roots以及cyclic shifts列表。
表2
Figure PCTCN2017115975-appb-000006
参阅图4所示，本发明实施例提供一种随机接入方法，包括：
步骤400：基站接收终端发送的目标PRACH信号。
具体的，基站接收终端发送的PRACH信号时需具体执行以下操作：
首先，基站接收待检测信号，由于不知道收到的信号的信号类型，也不知道收到的信号是否由终端发送，因此需要对接收到的每个待检测信号进行判断。
然后，基站计算待检测信号中的序列与预存的第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数，以及计算待检测信号中的序列与预存的第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数。
此处的相关性系数可以为内积。
进一步地，基站在待检测信号中的序列与第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，待检测信号为PRACH信号，待检测信号对应的循环移位为第一循环移位；在待检测信号中的序列与第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，待 检测信号为PRACH信号，待检测信号对应的循环移位为第二循环移位。
基站发送随机接入响应，接收来自终端的上行信息，在上行信息指示待检测信号来自于终端时，待检测信号为目标PRACH信号。
至此，基站完成了对待检测信号的信号类型和该待检测信号发送方的身份确认。
进一步地，这里的有效阈值根据预存的第三循环移位对应的前导序列与待检测信号中的序列的相关性系数得到，第一循环移位、第二循环移位和第三循环移位对应相同的根。
应理解的是，一个PRACH资源可以对应一个root，也可以对应多个root。
同一小区内的终端可以使用相同的root，同一小区内的终端的发送时段相同。
应理解的是，每个时刻频点受到干扰的情况不同。若有效阈值为固定值，则在干扰很大的情况下，基站很有可能会误检出PRACH信号。因而，有效阈值需要随着干扰情况实时变化，考虑到一个root生成的序列中不同的循环移位序列受到的干扰近似相同，因此利用预存的第三循环移位来确定有效阈值，从而提高了判断接收到的待检测信号为PRACH信号的准确性。
步骤410a：在目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第一循环移位时，确定为终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第一数量，第一循环移位用于指示终端获取的来自基站的信号的RSRP大于预设阈值。
步骤410b：在目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第二循环移位时，确定为终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第二数量，第二循环移位用于指示RSRP小于或者等于预设阈值。
第二数量大于第一数量，第一循环移位和第二循环移位对应相同的根。
如表2所示，包括8个roots。每个root筛选出6个cyclic shifts，将其中的4个cyclic shifts分成第一预设分组和第二预设分组，分配给终端用于生成PRACH信号，2个cyclic shifts作为预存的循环移位不分配终端使用，用于确定有效阈值。基站判断出待检测信号为PRACH信号并获知待检测信号对应的循环移位后，按照该循环移位所属的分组确定为终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量，例如，该循环移位属于第一预设分组时，为终端分配第一预设分组对应的PDCCH资源的数量，第一预设分组中的循环移位用于指示RSRP小于或者等于预设阈值；该循环移位属于第二预设分组时，为终端分配第二预设分组对应的PDCCH资源的数量，第二预设分组中的循环移位用于指示RSRP大于预设阈值。
此外，在执行步骤400之前，基站根据终端所在的小区的信息，确定终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段，将终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段通知终端，以作为目标PRACH信号的目标发送时段。相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集。
因此，终端在目标PRACH资源上向基站发送目标PRACH信号时，在目标PRACH资源对应的目标发送时段内，在目标PRACH资源所占用的频点上向基站发送目标PRACH信号，其中，目标发送时段由基站确定并通知给终端，或者目标发送时段也可为终端根据所在的小区的信息确定的。
例如，将一个周期内的15个special subframes作为15个时间上错开的随机接入时段。此时，每个小区对应的PRACH信号发送时段可以为小区ID模除15，余数为i的小区将第(i+1)个special subframe作为对应的PRACH信号发送时段。基站根据终端所在的小区的小区号，确定终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段，并通知给所在小区中的终端，或者，终端在进行随机接入过程前，通过下行同步信号，例如主同步信号(Primary Synchronized  Signal，PSS)和辅同步信号(Secondary Synchronization Signal，SSS)获得了小区ID信息，该然后将小区ID模除15，根据余数将第(余数+1)个special subframe作为对应的目标PRACH信号发送时段。
参阅图5所示，本发明实施例提供一种终端500，包括：存储器501，收发器502和处理器503；
存储器501，用于存储所述处理器503执行的程序代码；
所述处理器503，用于根据所述存储器501中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入信道PRACH信号的频点，作为目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述至少两个频点各自具有预设的带宽，所述至少两个频点的频带之间无交集；
根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号；
在所述目标PRACH资源上通过所述收发器502向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中的电力系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述目标PRACH资源的数量为至少两个，所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点的数量为至少两个，所述目标PRACH资源与所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点一一对应。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入PRACH信号的频点时，所述处理器503用于：
从所述至少两个频点中随机选取所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点；
或者，
从所述至少两个频点中选取能够正确解析的下行系统信息对应的频点，作为所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点，所述下行系统信息来自所述基站。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号时，所述处理器503用于：
获取来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP；
在所述RSRP大于预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第一循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述RSRP大于所述预设阈值；
在所述PSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第二循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述目标PRACH信号中子载波所占的带宽大于100Hz并且小于200Hz。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述目标PRACH资源上通过所述收发器502向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号时，所述处理器503用于：
在所述目标PRACH资源对应的目标发送时段内，在所述目标PRACH资源所占用的频 点上通过所述收发器502向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号，所述目标发送时段为根据所在的小区的信息确定的，或者所述目标发送时段由所述基站确定并通知给所述终端，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集。
须知，这里的终端，又称之为用户设备(User Equipment，UE)，是一种向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备，例如，具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、车载设备等。常见的终端例如包括：手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(mobile internet device，MID)、可穿戴设备，例如智能手表、智能手环、计步器等。
参阅图6所示，本发明实施例提供一种基站600，包括：存储器601，收发器602和处理器603；
存储器601，用于存储处理器603执行的程序代码；
处理器603，用于根据存储器601中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
通过所述收发器602接收终端发送的目标物理随机接入信道PRACH信号；
在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第一循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第一数量，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述终端获取的来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP大于预设阈值；
在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第二循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第二数量，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值，所述第二数量大于所述第一数量，所述第一循环移位和所述第二循环移位对应相同的根。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述接收终端发送的PRACH信号时，所述处理器603，用于：
通过所述收发器602接收待检测信号；
计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；
计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；
在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第一循环移位；
在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第二循环移位；
通过所述收发器602发送随机接入响应；
通过所述收发器602接收来自所述终端的上行信息，在上行信息指示所述待检测信号来自于所述终端时，所述待检测信号为所述目标PRACH信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述有效阈值根据预存的第三循环移位对应的前导序列与待检测信号中的序列的相关性系数得到，所述第一循环移位、所述第二循环移位和所述第三循环移位对应相同的根。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在通过所述收发器602接收终端发送的物理随机接入信道PRACH信号之前，所述处理器603，还用于：
根据所述终端所在的小区的信息，确定所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集；
将所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段通知所述终端，以作为所述目标PRACH信号的目标发送时段。
这里的基站，又称为无线接入网(Radio Access Network，RAN)设备是一种将终端接入到无线网络的设备，包括但不限于：演进型节点B(evolved Node B，eNB)、无线网络控制器(radio network controller，RNC)、节点B(Node B，NB)、基站控制器(Base Station Controller，BSC)、基站收发台(Base Transceiver Station,BTS)、家庭基站(例如，Home evolved NodeB，或Home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(BaseBand Unit，BBU)。此外，还可以包括Wifi接入点(Access Point，AP)等。
参阅图7所示，本发明实施例提供一种基站，包括：天线710、射频装置720、基带装置730；其中，所述天线710与所述射频装置720连接，所述基带装置730与所述射频装置720连接；在上行方向上，射频装置720通过天线710接收终端发送的信息，将终端发送的信息发送给基带装置730进行处理。在下行方向上，基带装置730对终端的信息进行处理，并发送给射频装置720，射频装置720对终端的信息进行处理后经过天线710发送给终基带装置730包括处理元件731和存储元件732，处理元件731调用存储元件732存储的程序，以执行如图3所示的方法实施例中的方法。
此外，该基带装置730还可以包括接口733，用于与射频装置720交互信息，该接口例如为通用公共无线接口(common public radio interface，CPRI)。
存储元件732可以是一个存储器，也可以是多个存储元件。
基于同一发明构思，本发明实施例中还提供了一种随机接入装置，该装置可以用于执行上述图1对应的方法实施例，因此本发明实施例提供的随机接入装置的实施方式可以参见该方法的实施方式，重复之处不再赘述。
参阅图8所示，本发明实施例提供一种随机接入装置800，包括：选择单元810，处理单元820，发送单元830；
选择单元810，用于从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入信道PRACH信号的频点，作为目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述至少两个频点各自具有预设的带宽，所述至少两个频点的频带之间无交集；
处理单元820，用于根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号；
发送单元830，用于在所述目标PRACH资源上向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中的电力系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述目标PRACH资源的数量为至少两个，所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点的数量为至少两个，所述目标PRACH资源与所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点一一对应。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入PRACH信号的频点时，选择单元810，用于：
从所述至少两个频点中随机选取所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点；
或者，
从所述至少两个频点中选取能够正确解析的下行系统信息对应的频点，作为所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点，所述下行系统信息来自所述基站。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号时，处理单元820，用于：
获取来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP；
在所述RSRP大于预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第一循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述RSRP大于所述预设阈值；
在所述PSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第二循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述目标PRACH信号中子载波所占的带宽大于100Hz并且小于200Hz。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述目标PRACH资源上向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号时，发送单元830，用于：
在所述目标PRACH资源对应的目标发送时段内，在所述目标PRACH资源所占用的频点上向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号，所述目标发送时段为根据所在的小区的信息确定的，或者所述目标发送时段由所述基站确定并通知给所述终端，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集。
基于同一发明构思，本发明实施例中还提供了一种随机接入装置，该装置可以用于执行上述图3对应的方法实施例，因此本发明实施例提供的随机接入装置的实施方式可以参见该方法的实施方式，重复之处不再赘述。
参阅图9所示，随机接入装置900，包括：收发单元910，处理单元920；
所述收发单元910，用于接收终端发送的目标物理随机接入信道PRACH信号；
所述处理单元920，用于在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第一循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第一数量，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述终端获取的来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP大于预设阈值；
在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第二循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第二数量，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值，所述第二数量大于所述第一数量，所述第一循环移位和所述第二循环移位对应相同的根。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述接收终端发送的PRACH信号时，所述处理单元920，用于
通过所述收发单元910接收待检测信号；
计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；
计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；
在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第一循环移位；
在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第二循环移位；
通过所述收发单元910发送随机接入响应；
通过所述收发单元910接收来自所述终端的上行信息，在上行信息指示所述待检测信号来自于所述终端时，所述待检测信号为所述目标PRACH信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述有效阈值根据预存的第三循环移位对应的前导序列与待检测信号中的序列的相关性系数得到，所述第一循环移位、所述第二循环移位和所述第三循环移位对应相同的根。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在接收终端发送的物理随机接入信道PRACH信号之前，所述处理单元920，用于
根据所述终端所在的小区的信息，确定所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集；
将所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段通知所述终端，以作为所述目标PRACH信号的目标发送时段。
综上所述，采用本发明实施例提供的方法终端可以选择目标PRACH资源占用的频点，并根据基站分配的根及基站分配的根对应的序列生成目标PRACH信号，以匹配物联网系统的特征，使物联网系统中的设备实现随机接入。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个 方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明实施例的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入信道PRACH信号的频点，作为目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述至少两个频点各自具有预设的带宽，所述至少两个频点的频带之间无交集；
    所述终端根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号；
    所述终端在所述目标PRACH资源上向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中的电力系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
  4. 如权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标PRACH资源的数量为至少两个，所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点的数量为至少两个，所述目标PRACH资源与所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点一一对应。
  5. 如权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入PRACH信号的频点，包括：
    从所述至少两个频点中随机选取所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点；
    或者，
    从所述至少两个频点中选取能够正确解析的下行系统信息对应的频点，作为所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点，所述下行系统信息来自所述基站。
  6. 如权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，包括：
    获取来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP；
    在所述RSRP大于预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第一循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述RSRP大于所述预设阈值；
    在所述PSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第二循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值。
  7. 如权利要求1至6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标PRACH信号中子载波所占的带宽大于100Hz并且小于200Hz。
  8. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述目标PRACH资源上向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号，包括：
    在所述目标PRACH资源对应的目标发送时段内，在所述目标PRACH资源所占用的频点上向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号，所述目标发送时段为所述终端根据所在的小区的信息确定的，或者所述目标发送时段由所述基站确定并通知给所述终端，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集。
  9. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    基站接收终端发送的目标物理随机接入信道PRACH信号；
    在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第一循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第一数量，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述终端获取的来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP大于预设阈值；
    在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第二循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第二数量，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值，所述第二数量大于所述第一数量，所述第一循环移位和所述第二循环移位对应相同的根。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收终端发送的PRACH信号，包括：
    接收待检测信号；
    计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；
    计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；
    在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第一循环移位；
    在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第二循环移位；
    发送随机接入响应；
    接收来自所述终端的上行信息，在上行信息指示所述待检测信号来自于所述终端时，所述待检测信号为所述目标PRACH信号。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有效阈值根据预存的第三循环移位对应的前导序列与待检测信号中的序列的相关性系数得到，所述第一循环移位、所述第二循环移位和所述第三循环移位对应相同的根。
  12. 如权利要求9至11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述接收终端发送的物理随机接入信道PRACH信号之前，还包括：
    根据所述终端所在的小区的信息，确定所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集；
    将所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段通知所述终端，以作为所述目标PRACH信号的目标发送时段。
  13. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：存储器，收发器和处理器；
    所述存储器，用于存储所述处理器执行的程序代码；
    所述处理器，用于根据所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
    从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入信道PRACH信号的频点，作为目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述至少两个频点各自具有预设的带宽，所述至少两个频点的频带之间无交集；
    根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循 环移位，生成目标PRACH信号；
    在所述目标PRACH资源上通过所述收发器向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的终端，其特征在于，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
  15. 如权利要求13或14所述的终端，其特征在于，所述至少两个频点为物联网系统中的电力系统中用于数据接收的至少两个频点。
  16. 如权利要求13至15所述的终端，其特征在于，所述目标PRACH资源的数量为至少两个，所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点的数量为至少两个，所述目标PRACH资源与所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点一一对应。
  17. 如权利要求13至16任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述从至少两个频点中选取用于发送物理随机接入PRACH信号的频点时，所述处理器用于：
    从所述至少两个频点中随机选取所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点；
    或者，
    从所述至少两个频点中选取能够正确解析的下行系统信息对应的频点，作为所述用于发送PRACH信号的频点，所述下行系统信息来自所述基站。
  18. 如权利要求13至16任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点、基站分配的根以及所述基站分配的根对应的循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号时，所述处理器用于：
    获取来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP；
    在所述RSRP大于预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第一循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述RSRP大于所述预设阈值；
    在所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述目标PRACH资源占用的频点，所述基站分配的根，以及所述基站分配的根对应的第二循环移位，生成目标PRACH信号，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值。
  19. 如权利要求13至18任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述目标PRACH信号中子载波所占的带宽大于100Hz并且小于200Hz。
  20. 如权利要求13至19任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述在所述目标PRACH资源上通过所述收发器向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号时，所述处理器用于：
    在所述目标PRACH资源对应的目标发送时段内，在所述目标PRACH资源所占用的频点上通过所述收发器向所述基站发送所述目标PRACH信号，所述目标发送时段为根据所在的小区的信息确定的，或者所述目标发送时段由所述基站确定并通知给所述终端，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集。
  21. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：存储器，收发器和处理器；
    所述存储器，用于存储所述处理器执行的程序代码；
    所述处理器，用于根据所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
    通过所述收发器接收终端发送的目标物理随机接入信道PRACH信号；
    在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第一循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第一数量，所述第一循环移位用于指示所述终端获取的来自所述基站的信号的参考信号接收功率RSRP大于预设阈值；
    在所述目标PRACH信号对应的循环移位为第二循环移位时，确定为所述终端分配的PDCCH资源的数量为第二数量，所述第二循环移位用于指示所述RSRP小于或者等于所述预设阈值，所述第二数量大于所述第一数量，所述第一循环移位和所述第二循环移位对应相同的根。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的基站，其特征在于，所述接收终端发送的PRACH信号时，所述处理器，用于：
    通过所述收发器接收待检测信号；
    计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；
    计算所述待检测信号中的序列与预存的所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数；
    在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第一循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第一循环移位；
    在所述待检测信号中的序列与所述第二循环移位对应的前导序列的相关性系数大于有效阈值时，所述待检测信号为PRACH信号，所述待检测信号对应的循环移位为所述第二循环移位；
    通过所述收发器发送随机接入响应；
    通过所述收发器接收来自所述终端的上行信息，在上行信息指示所述待检测信号来自于所述终端时，所述待检测信号为所述目标PRACH信号。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的基站，其特征在于，所述有效阈值根据预存的第三循环移位对应的前导序列与待检测信号中的序列的相关性系数得到，所述第一循环移位、所述第二循环移位和所述第三循环移位对应相同的根。
  24. 如权利要求21至23任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，在通过所述收发器接收终端发送的物理随机接入信道PRACH信号之前，所述处理器，还用于：
    根据所述终端所在的小区的信息，确定所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段，相邻小区各自对应的PRACH信号的发送时段之间无交集；
    将所述终端所在的小区对应的PRACH信号的发送时段通知所述终端，以作为所述目标PRACH信号的目标发送时段。
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