Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

WO2018195983A1 - 一种光波导结构及光学系统 - Google Patents

一种光波导结构及光学系统 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018195983A1
WO2018195983A1 PCT/CN2017/082576 CN2017082576W WO2018195983A1 WO 2018195983 A1 WO2018195983 A1 WO 2018195983A1 CN 2017082576 W CN2017082576 W CN 2017082576W WO 2018195983 A1 WO2018195983 A1 WO 2018195983A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waveguide
optical waveguide
light
substrate
optical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/082576
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李国洲
Original Assignee
深圳市柔宇科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市柔宇科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市柔宇科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2017/082576 priority Critical patent/WO2018195983A1/zh
Priority to CN201780004629.5A priority patent/CN108521794B/zh
Publication of WO2018195983A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018195983A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical waveguides, and more particularly to an optical waveguide structure and an optical system.
  • HMD Head-Mounted Display
  • existing transmissive HMDs typically employ a combination of a folded-back relay structure and an off-axis reflective combination mirror.
  • the reentry relay structure allows the HMD to achieve large exits
  • the use of off-axis reflective combination mirrors greatly increases the difficulty of system off-axis aberration correction. It can be seen that the combination of the combination mirror and the relay system seriously increases the size and weight of the system.
  • an optical waveguide technique in an HMD has been proposed.
  • the optical waveguide technology eliminates the complicated optical system in the traditional HMD, and uses the waveguide to complete the image transmission and expansion, which greatly reduces the size and weight of the HMD while obtaining a large exit.
  • waveguide technologies for HMD mainly include holographic waveguides and semi-transmissive film array waveguides.
  • Holographic waveguides use holographic technology and optical waveguide concepts to achieve display, but the system light energy utilization is low, holographic grating preparation is difficult, and the stray light and dispersion introduced by diffraction seriously hinder its development.
  • the semi-permeable membrane array waveguide realizes the display by the principle of geometric optical folding and reflection. The dispersion is small and easy to realize color display. Therefore, the design and preparation requirements are much lower than the holographic waveguide display, but the ghost image caused by the traditional semi-permeable membrane array waveguide is serious. Affects image quality. Therefore, the development of a semi-permeable membrane array waveguide capable of mitigating or even eliminating ghost images is a technical problem to be solved.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical waveguide structure, where the optical waveguide includes at least one a first substrate and an extension waveguide, the first substrate and the extension waveguide are connected, the extension waveguide includes a plurality of semi-transmissive films embedded in a substrate obliquely parallel to each other, at least one of left and right sides of the optical waveguide a light absorbing material is disposed on one side;
  • the first basement total reflection propagates to a side of the optical waveguide on which the light absorbing material is disposed, or that reflected light that is incident on the extended waveguide through the at least one semipermeable membrane propagates through the first substrate to the light
  • the waveguide is provided with a side surface of the light absorbing material.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical system including a display, an eyepiece system, and the optical waveguide of the first aspect, the eyepiece system being disposed between the display and the optical waveguide, the eyepiece system The optical axis is perpendicular to the display;
  • the divergent light of the line field of view of the display passes through the eyepiece system and becomes parallel light of angular field distribution, and the parallel light of each field of view passes through the optical waveguide and then expands out of the array, when the eyes are blind
  • the display information displayed on the display can be obtained by coincident with the exit pupil plane of the optical system.
  • the reflected light when the incident light enters the substrate through the at least one semi-permeable film, the reflected light enters the substrate, and then propagates through the substrate to the side of the optical waveguide provided with the light absorbing material, or when the incident light enters the expansion.
  • the reflected light reflected by the waveguide through the at least one semi-permeable membrane propagates through the substrate to the side of the optical waveguide provided with the light absorbing material, and the light of the portion is absorbed on the side of the optical waveguide to prevent the portion of the light from being reflected through the side of the optical waveguide. Expanding the waveguide, thereby reducing ghosting and improving image quality.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of light propagation based on the structure shown in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another light propagation based on the structure shown in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 4(1) is a schematic diagram of another optical waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4(2) is a schematic diagram of another optical waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5(1) is a schematic diagram of light propagation based on the structure shown in FIG. 4(1) according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5(2) is a schematic diagram of light propagation based on the structure shown in FIG. 4 (2) according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical waveguide includes at least one first substrate 11, at least one second substrate 12, and an extended waveguide 20, and the first substrate 11, the expanded waveguide 20, and the second substrate 12 are stacked, and the expanded waveguide 20 includes a plurality of mutually obliquely embedded in the substrate
  • the semipermeable membrane 21 of 22, at least one of the left or right side faces of the optical waveguide is provided with a light absorbing material, wherein the light absorbing material is, for example, chromium, silicon or the like.
  • the side surface on which the light absorbing material is disposed is related to the position where the light spot is located. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, when the spot is placed above the right surface of the optical waveguide, the side surface on which the light absorbing material is disposed is the left side surface of the optical waveguide, and when the light spot is placed above the left surface of the optical waveguide, the light absorbing material is disposed. The side of the side is the left side of the optical waveguide.
  • the incident light enters the expanded T 1 after the exit of the waveguide 20 a plurality of parallel light rays exiting (in a 2 T 2, T 3, T 4, T 5 and T 6 in FIG.),
  • the reflected light of T 1 entering the extended waveguide 20 and reflected by the at least one semi-permeable membrane (such as the semi-permeable membrane a and the semi-permeable membrane b in FIG. 2 ) is propagated through the first substrate 11 to the side of the optical waveguide provided with the light-absorbing material (eg The left side of the optical waveguide in Figure 2);
  • the incident light L enters. 1 after expansion of the waveguide exit 20 of light exiting the plurality of parallel (L 2 in FIG. 3, L 3, L 4, L 5 , and L. 6), when the incident light L 1 after the reflected light reflected into the extended waveguide 20 through at least one semipermeable membrane (such as the semipermeable membrane c in FIG. 3) enters the second substrate 12, is totally reflected by the second substrate 12 and propagated to the optical waveguide and provided with the light absorbing material. Side (as shown on the right side of the optical waveguide in Figure 3).
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another optical waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical waveguide includes at least one first substrate 11 and an extension waveguide 20, and the first substrate 11 and the extension waveguide 20 are connected (as shown in FIG. 4(1), the lower surface of the first substrate 11 is in contact with the upper surface of the extension waveguide 20, or As shown in FIG. 4 (2), the upper surface of the substrate 11 is in contact with the lower surface of the expanded waveguide 20, and the expanded waveguide 20 includes a plurality of semi-transmissive films 21 embedded in the substrate 22 obliquely obliquely to each other, and the left and right sides of the optical waveguide. At least one side of the medium is provided with a light absorbing material.
  • the incident light into the T-extended 20 exit the waveguide a plurality of parallel light rays exiting 1 (FIG. 5 (1) T 2, T 3, T 4 , T 5 and T. 6),
  • the incident light T 1 enters the extended waveguide 20 and is reflected by the at least one semipermeable membrane (such as the semipermeable membrane a and the semipermeable membrane b in FIG. 5 (1)) into the first substrate 11, the first substrate 11 is passed through the first substrate 11
  • the total reflection propagates to the side of the optical waveguide provided with the light absorbing material (as shown in the left side of the optical waveguide in Fig. 5(1)).
  • the incident light L 1 enters the extended waveguide 20 and emits a plurality of mutually parallel outgoing rays (such as L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 and L 6 in FIG. 5 ( 2 )), when the incident light L 1 enters the expansion.
  • the reflected light reflected by the waveguide 20 through at least one semipermeable membrane enters the first substrate 11 and passes through at least one substrate (such as the substrate 11 in FIG. 5 (2)).
  • the reflection propagates to the side of the optical waveguide provided with the light absorbing material (as shown in the left side of the optical waveguide in Fig. 5 (2)).
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 are merely examples, and the present invention does not limit the number of the first substrate and the number of the second substrate.
  • the optical waveguide includes only the first substrate and the extended waveguide, the first substrate and the extended waveguide are connected, and only when one side of the left and right sides of the optical waveguide is provided with the light absorbing material, when the incident light enters the extended waveguide through at least one half After the reflected light reflected by the transparent film enters the substrate, it is totally reflected by the substrate and propagates to the side of the optical waveguide provided with the light absorbing material, or when the incident light enters the extended waveguide and is reflected by at least one semipermeable film.
  • the light is transmitted through the substrate to the side of the optical waveguide provided with the light absorbing material, and the light of the portion is absorbed on the side of the optical waveguide to prevent the portion of the light from being reflected into the extended waveguide through the side of the optical waveguide, thereby reducing ghosting. Improved image quality.
  • the optical waveguide includes the first substrate 11, the extension waveguide 20, and the second substrate 12, the first substrate 11, the extension waveguide 20, and the second substrate 12 are stacked, and when light absorbing materials are disposed on both left and right sides of the optical waveguide, After the incident light enters the first substrate or the second substrate through the reflected light reflected by the at least one semi-permeable film, the first substrate or the second substrate is totally reflected and propagated to the left side or the right side of the optical waveguide, or When the incident light enters the extension waveguide and the reflected light reflected by the at least one semi-transmissive film propagates through the first substrate or the second substrate to the left side or the right side of the optical waveguide, the light absorption of the portion is absorbed on the side of the optical waveguide. In order to prevent this part of the light from being reflected into the extended waveguide through the side of the optical waveguide, thereby eliminating ghosting and improving the image quality.
  • the spacing of adjacent semipermeable membranes in the extended waveguide satisfies: 1) the normally exiting light does not reflect to the upper surface of the semipermeable membrane during propagation of the extended waveguide; 2) the optical disc is in the expanded beam array (ie, incident) The image is not lost when the light enters the different positions of the plurality of parallel outgoing rays that exit the extended waveguide 20. Therefore, the optical waveguide needs to satisfy the following first condition:
  • h 1 is the thickness of the extended waveguide 20
  • ⁇ is the first angle of view
  • d 1 is the spacing of any two adjacent semipermeable membranes
  • d 2 is the pupil size of the human eye.
  • the first field of view is the maximum field of view of the left or right field of the human eye.
  • the first field of view angle is 0, and the maximum field of view of the left field of the human eye is equal to the maximum field of view of the right field of the human eye, but the direction is different, assuming the maximum field of view of the human eye.
  • the first field of view is equal to ⁇ 30°.
  • the plurality of semipermeable membranes comprise a first semipermeable membrane and a second semipermeable membrane, the first semipermeable membrane being adjacent to a side of the optical waveguide adjacent to the incident light spot, the second semipermeable membrane a side of the film from the optical waveguide adjacent to the incident light spot is larger than a side of the first semi-permeable film from the optical waveguide adjacent to the incident light spot, and the first semi-permeable membrane is adjacent to the second semi-permeable membrane;
  • the distance between the first semi-permeable membrane and the second semi-permeable membrane is a first spacing, and the first spacing is greater than the size of the incident spot.
  • the first semi-permeable membrane is a semi-permeable membrane c
  • the second semi-permeable membrane is a semi-permeable membrane a
  • a pitch is the pitch of the semipermeable membrane c and the semipermeable membrane a.
  • the semipermeable membrane is a semipermeable membrane e
  • the second semipermeable membrane is a semipermeable membrane d.
  • the first spacing is the spacing between the semipermeable membrane e and the semipermeable membrane d.
  • the semi-permeable membrane spacing is proportional to the spacing of the expanded beam array (ie, the plurality of parallel outgoing rays exiting the incident light into the extended waveguide 20), and the smaller the semi-permeable membrane spacing, the better the formation of a uniform pupil.
  • the spacing should not be too small, especially the first spacing.
  • the first spacing is smaller than the size of the incident spot, some light will be incident from the upper half of the second semipermeable membrane and then extended toward the second semipermeable membrane.
  • the upper surface of the waveguide which in turn forms a ghost image, so the present invention sets the first pitch to be larger than the size of the incident spot, thereby further reducing the ghost image.
  • the plurality of semipermeable membranes further comprise a plurality of third semipermeable membranes, at least one of the third semipermeable membranes being adjacent to the second semipermeable membrane.
  • a distance between the second semipermeable membrane and the adjacent third semipermeable membrane is a second pitch, a spacing between any two adjacent third semipermeable membranes and the second The spacing is equal.
  • the first semipermeable membrane is c
  • the second semipermeable membrane is a
  • the third semipermeable membrane is: semipermeable membrane b, semipermeable membrane d and semipermeable membrane e, semipermeable.
  • the membrane a and the semipermeable membrane b are adjacent to each other, and the distance between the semipermeable membrane a and the semipermeable membrane b is the second spacing, and then the spacing between the semipermeable membrane b and the semipermeable membrane d is equal to the second spacing, the semipermeable membrane d and the semipermeable membrane
  • the pitch of the film e is equal to the second pitch.
  • the distance between the second semipermeable membrane and the adjacent third semipermeable membrane and the spacing between any two adjacent third semipermeable membranes are both a third pitch,
  • the three pitches are sequentially decreased along the direction of the first semipermeable membrane toward the second semipermeable membrane.
  • the first semi-permeable membrane is a semi-permeable membrane c
  • the second semi-permeable membrane is a semi-permeable membrane b
  • the third spacing is: the distance between the semi-permeable membrane a and the semi-permeable membrane b is The distance between the semi-permeable membrane b and the semi-permeable membrane d is the third pitch 2, the distance between the semi-permeable membrane d and the semi-permeable membrane e is the third spacing 3, and the third spacing 2 is smaller than the third spacing 1 and the third spacing
  • the pitch 3 is smaller than the third pitch 2, and the difference between the third pitch 1 and the third pitch 2 is equal to the difference between the third pitch 2 and the third pitch 3.
  • the optical waveguide satisfies the following second condition:
  • S is the length of the optical waveguide
  • h 2 is the thickness of the substrate (such as the substrate 11 and the substrate 12 in FIG. 1)
  • ⁇ is the first angle of view.
  • the refractive indices of the plurality of semipermeable membranes are graded such that incident light enters the expansion
  • the light energy of a plurality of mutually parallel outgoing rays emitted after the waveguide is the same.
  • T 1 is totally reflected into the semipermeable membrane a upon entering the semipermeable membrane c, and reflects 1/6 of the light on the semipermeable membrane a.
  • the optical waveguide is the structure shown in FIG. 1, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 have the same thickness.
  • the materials of the first substrate 11, the second substrate 12, and the substrate 22 are the same.
  • the materials of the first substrate 11, the second substrate 12, and the substrate 22 are all high refractive index materials.
  • High refractive index materials such as ZF7 facilitate compression spot size.
  • the angle between each of the semipermeable membranes 21 and the lower surface of the substrate 22 is in the range of 30 to 60.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide are plated with an anti-reflection film.
  • the surface on which the antireflection film is plated is the upper surface of the substrate 11 and the lower surface of the substrate 12.
  • the structure of the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 1 is a horizontally extending waveguide.
  • the optical waveguide structure that satisfies the above technical features may also be a vertically extended waveguide.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the display 100, the eyepiece system 200 and the optical waveguide 301 (see FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 of the optical waveguide 301), the eyepiece system 200 is disposed between the display 100 and the optical waveguide 301, and the optical axis of the eyepiece system 200 is perpendicular to the display 100;
  • the divergent light of the line field of view of the display 100 passes through the eyepiece system 200 and becomes parallel light of angular field distribution, and the parallel light of each field of view passes through the optical waveguide 301 and then expands out of the array, when the eyes are blind
  • the display planes displayed on the display 100 can be obtained by overlapping the exit pupil planes 400 of the optical system.
  • the optical waveguide 301 is a horizontally extending waveguide
  • the optical system further includes a vertical expansion waveguide 302
  • the eyepiece system 200 is placed in the display 100 and the vertical optical waveguide 302. between;
  • the divergent light of the line field of view of the display 100 is converted into parallel light of the angular field of view after passing through the eyepiece system 200, and the parallel light of each field of view is expanded by the vertical expansion waveguide 302 and the horizontal expansion waveguide 301 to form a two-dimensional distribution.
  • the extended array of the pupils can obtain the display information displayed on the display 100 when the eyelids coincide with the exit pupil plane of the optical system.
  • the horizontally-expanded waveguide 301 and the vertically-expanded waveguide 302 are vertically and closely connected to each other (as shown in FIG. 7), or a horizontally-expanded waveguide 301 and a vertically-expanded waveguide 302 are disposed on a substrate.
  • display 100 can be an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display (LCD), or a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS).
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • LCOS liquid crystal on silicon
  • eyepiece system 200 includes at least one lens element, and each element is disposed along the optical axis of eyepiece system 200.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

一种光波导(301)，包括至少一个第一基底(11)和扩展波导(20)，第一基底(11)和扩展波导(20)相接，扩展波导(20)包括多个相互平行倾斜地内嵌于基板(22)的半透膜(a,b,c,d,e)，光波导(301)的左右侧面中的至少一侧设置有吸光材料；其中，入射光(L1,T1)进入扩展波导(20)后出射多条相互平行的出射光线(L2,L3,L4,L5,L6,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6)；当入射光(L1,T1)进入扩展波导(20)经至少一个半透膜(a,b,c,d,e)反射的反射光进入第一基底(11)后，经第一基底(11)全反射传播至光波导(301)的设置有吸光材料的侧面，或者，当入射光(L1,T1)进入扩展波导(20)经至少一个半透膜(a,b,c,d,e)反射的反射光经第一基底(11)传播至光波导(301)的设置有吸光材料的侧面。包括该光波导(301)的光学系统，可减轻鬼像，进而提高了成像质量。

Description

一种光波导结构及光学系统 技术领域
本发明涉及光波导领域，尤其涉及一种光波导结构及光学系统。
背景技术
头戴显示器(Head-Mounted Display，HMD)以其沉浸性、交互性以及可提高势态感知等特点，在军事、工业、医疗等领域得到了广泛的应用。随着微显示器技术、光学加工技术和光学设计理论的日益成熟，HMD正朝着小型化方向发展。
鉴于头部佩戴的特殊要求，现有的穿透式HMD通常采用折返中继结构和离轴反射组合镜结合的方式。虽然折返中继结构使得HMD获得大的出瞳，但离轴反射组合镜的使用大大增加了系统离轴像差矫正的难度。可见，组合镜与中继系统的结合严重增加了系统的体积和重量。为了解决上述问题，提出了在HMD中使用光波导技术。光波导技术摒弃了传统HMD中复杂的光学系统，利用波导完成图像的传输和扩展，在获得较大出瞳的同时，极大地减小了HMD的尺寸和重量。
目前，用于HMD的波导技术主要有全息波导和半透膜阵列波导。全息波导是利用全息技术和光波导理念实现显示，但是系统光能利用率低，全息光栅制备难度高，衍射引入的杂光和色散等严重阻碍了其发展。半透膜阵列波导是利用几何光学折反射原理实现显示，色散小容易实现彩色显示，因此在设计和制备方面的要求远低于全息波导显示，但是传统的半透膜阵列波导造成的鬼像严重影响成像质量。因此，研究出一种能够减轻，甚至消除鬼像的半透膜阵列波导是需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种光波导结构及光学系统，以减轻鬼像，进而提高了成像质量。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种光波导结构，所述光波导包括至少一个 第一基底和扩展波导，所述第一基底和所述扩展波导相接，所述扩展波导包括多个相互平行倾斜地内嵌于基板的半透膜，所述光波导的左右侧面中的至少一侧设置有吸光材料；
其中，入射光进入所述扩展波导后出射多条相互平行的出射光线；当入射光进入所述扩展波导经至少一个半透膜反射的反射光进入所述第一基底后，经所述第一基底全反射传播至所述光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面，或者，当入射光进入所述扩展波导经所述至少一个半透膜反射的反射光经所述第一基底传播至所述光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种光学系统，包括显示器、目镜系统和第一方面所述的光波导，所述目镜系统置于所述显示器与所述光波导之间，所述目镜系统的光轴与所述显示器垂直；
所述显示器的线视场分布的发散光通过所述目镜系统后变为角视场分布的平行光，各角视场平行光先后经过所述光波导后扩展出瞳阵列，当人眼眼瞳与所述光学系统的出瞳平面重合即可获得所述显示器上显示的显示信息。
在本方案中，当入射光进入所述扩展波导经至少一个半透膜反射的反射光进入基底后，经基底全反射传播至光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面，或者，当入射光进入扩展波导经至少一个半透膜反射的反射光经基底传播至光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面，在光波导的侧面会将这部分的光吸收，以防止这部分光经光波导的侧面反射进入扩展波导中，进而减轻了鬼影，提高了成像质量。
本发明的这些方面或其他方面在以下实施例的描述中会更加简明易懂。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种光波导结构的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种基于图1所示结构的光线传播示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的另一种基于图1所示结构的光线传播示意图；
图4(1)为本发明实施例提供的另一种光波导结构的示意图；
图4(2)为本发明实施例提供的另一种光波导结构的示意图；
图5(1)为本发明实施例提供的一种基于图4(1)所示结构的光线传播示意图；
图5(2)为本发明实施例提供的一种基于图4(2)所示结构的光线传播示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种光学系统的示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的另一种光学系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
以下分别进行详细说明。
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及所述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”和“第四”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。
请参见图1，图1为本发明一实施例提供的一种光波导结构的示意图。光波导包括至少一个第一基底11、至少一个第二基底12和扩展波导20，第一基底11、扩展波导20和第二基底12层叠设置，扩展波导20包括多个相互平行倾斜地嵌于基板22的半透膜21，光波导的左或右侧面中的至少一个设置有吸光材料，其中，吸光材料例如有铬、硅等等。
其中，当光波导只有一个侧面设置有吸光材料时，设置有吸光材料的侧面与光斑所在的位置有关。比如，如图1所示，当光斑置于光波导的右表面上方时，设置有吸光材料的侧面为光波导的左侧面，当光斑置于光波导的左表面上方时，设置有吸光材料的侧面为光波导的左侧面。
其中，如图2所示，入射光T1进入扩展波导20后出射多条相互平行的出射光线(如图2中的T2、T3、T4、T5和T6)，当入射光T1进入扩展波导20经 至少一个半透膜(如图2中的半透膜a和半透膜b)反射的反射光经第一基底11传播至光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面(如图2中的光波导左侧面)；
以及如图3所示，入射光L1进入扩展波导20后出射多条相互平行的出射光线(如图3中的L2、L3、L4、L5和L6)，当入射光L1进入扩展波导20经至少一个半透膜(如图3中的半透膜c)反射的反射光进入第二基底12后，经第二基底12全反射传播至光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面(如图3中的光波导右侧面)。
请参见图4，图4为本发明一实施例提供的另一种光波导结构的示意图。光波导包括至少一个第一基底11和扩展波导20，第一基底11和扩展波导20相接(如图4(1)中第一基底11的下表面与扩展波导20的上表面相接，或者，如图4(2)中基底11的上表面与扩展波导20的下表面相接)，扩展波导20包括多个相互平行倾斜地内嵌于基板22的半透膜21，光波导的左右侧面中的至少一侧设置有吸光材料。
其中，如图5所示，入射光T1进入扩展波导20后出射多条相互平行的出射光线(如图5(1)中的T2、T3、T4、T5和T6)，当入射光T1进入扩展波导20经至少一个半透膜(如图5(1)中的半透膜a和半透膜b)反射的反射光进入第一基底11后，经第一基底11全反射传播至光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面(如图5(1)中光波导左侧面)。
或者入射光L1进入扩展波导20后出射多条相互平行的出射光线(如图5(2)中的L2、L3、L4、L5和L6)，当入射光L1进入扩展波导20经至少一个半透膜(如图5(2)中的半透膜c)反射的反射光进入第一基底11后，经至少一个基底(如图5(2)中的基底11)全反射传播至光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面(如图5(2)中光波导左侧面)。
需要说明的是，图1～图5仅仅只是一种示例，本发明对于第一基底的数量和第二基底的数量不作限定。
可见，当光波导仅包括第一基底和扩展波导，第一基底和扩展波导相接，且仅在光波导的左右侧面的一侧设置有吸光材料时，当入射光进入扩展波导经至少一个半透膜反射的反射光进入基底后，经基底全反射传播至光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面，或者，当入射光进入扩展波导经至少一个半透膜反射的反 射光经基底传播至光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面，在光波导的侧面会将这部分的光吸收，以防止这部分光经光波导的侧面反射进入扩展波导中，进而减轻了鬼影，提高了成像质量。
另外，当光波导包括第一基底11、扩展波导20和第二基底12，第一基底11、扩展波导20和第二基底12层叠设置，且在光波导的左右侧面均设置有吸光材料时，当入射光进入扩展波导经至少一个半透膜反射的反射光进入第一基底或第二基底后，经第一基底或第二基底全反射传播至光波导的左侧面或右侧面，或者，当入射光进入扩展波导经至少一个半透膜反射的反射光经第一基底或第二基底传播至光波导的左侧面或右侧面，在光波导的侧面会将这部分的光吸收，以防止这部分光经光波导的侧面反射进入扩展波导中，进而消除了鬼影，提高了成像质量。
在一示例中，扩展波导中相邻半透膜间距满足：1)正常出射的光线在扩展波导传播过程中不会反射到半透膜的上表面；2)眼瞳处于扩展光束阵列(即入射光进入扩展波导20后出射的多条平行的出射光线)的不同位置时不会丢失图像。因此所述光波导需要满足以下第一条件：
h1×tanα≤d1＜＜d2
其中，所述h1为扩展波导20的厚度，所述α为第一视场角，所述d1为任意两个相邻半透膜的间距，所述d2为人眼瞳孔尺寸。
其中，第一视场角为人眼左视场或右视场的最大视场角。比如，人眼直看前方时第一视场角为0，人眼左视场的最大视场角与人眼右视场的最大视场角相等，但方向不同，假设人眼最大视场角为60°，那么第一视场角等于±30°。
在一示例中，所述多个半透膜包含第一半透膜和第二半透膜，所述第一半透膜靠近所述光波导临近入射光斑的一侧，所述第二半透膜距离所述光波导临近入射光斑的一侧大于所述第一半透膜距离所述光波导临近入射光斑的一侧，所述第一半透膜和所述第二半透膜相邻；所述第一半透膜和所述第二半透膜的间距为第一间距，所述第一间距大于入射光斑的尺寸。
举例来说，如图2所示，假如光波导临近入射光斑的一侧是光波导的右侧，那么第一半透膜为半透膜c，第二半透膜为半透膜a，第一间距为半透膜c和半透膜a的间距。又假如，光波导临近入射光斑的一侧是光波导的左侧，那么第 一半透膜为半透膜e，第二半透膜为半透膜d，第一间距为半透膜e和半透膜d的间距。
半透膜间距与扩展光束阵列(即入射光进入扩展波导20后出射的多条平行的出射光线)的间隔成正比，半透膜间距越小越有利于形成均匀的光瞳。但是间距不能过小，特别是第一间距，当第一间距小于入射光斑的尺寸时，会存在部分光线从第二半透膜的上半部分入射，然后经第二个半透膜反射朝向扩展波导上表面，进而形成鬼像，因此本发明将第一间距设置为大于入射光斑的尺寸，进而可进一步地减轻鬼像。
进一步地，所述多个半透膜还包含多个第三半透膜，至少一个所述第三半透膜与第二半透膜相邻。
进一步地，所述第二半透膜与相邻的所述第三半透膜的间距为第二间距，任意两个相邻的所述第三半透膜之间的间距与所述第二间距相等。
举例来说，如图2所示，第一半透膜为c，第二半透膜为a，第三半透膜有：半透膜b、半透膜d和半透膜e，半透膜a和半透膜b相邻，半透膜a和半透膜b的间距为第二间距，那么半透膜b和半透膜d的间距等于第二间距，半透膜d和半透膜e的间距等于第二间距。
进一步地，所述第二半透膜与相邻的所述第三半透膜的间距以及任意两个相邻的所述第三半透膜之间的间距均为第三间距，所述第三间距沿所述第一半透膜朝向所述第二半透膜的方向依序递减。
举例来说，如图1所示，第一半透膜为半透膜c，第二半透膜为半透膜b，第三间距有：半透膜a与半透膜b的间距为第三间距1，半透膜b与半透膜d的间距为第三间距2，半透膜d与半透膜e的间距为第三间距3，第三间距2小于第三间距1，第三间距3小于第三间距2，且第三间距1与第三间距2的差值等于第三间距2与第三间距3的差值。
在一示例中，所述光波导满足以下第二条件：
2S≤h2×tanα
其中，所述S为光波导的长度，所述h2为基底(如图1中的基底11和基底12)的厚度，所述α为第一视场角。
在一示例中，多个半透膜的折射率是渐变的，以使得入射光进入所述扩展 波导后出射多条相互平行的出射光线的光能量是相同的。
例如，如图2所示，半透膜的个数有5个，T1在入射到半透膜c上发生全反射进入半透膜a，在半透膜a上反射1/6的光，5/6的光进入半透膜b，在半透膜b上反射(5/6)*(1/5)的光，(5/6)*(4/5)的光进入半透膜d，在半透膜d上反射(5/6)*(1/5)*(1/4)的光，(5/6)*(4/5)*(3/4)的光进入半透膜e，在半透膜e上反射(5/6)*(1/5)*(1/4)*(1/3)的光，(5/6)*(1/5)*(1/4)*(2/3)直接入射到光波导的左侧面。可见，入射光进入扩展波导20后出射的多条相互平行的出射光线的光能量均是入射光能量的1/6。
在一示例中，假设光波导为图1所示的结构，第一基底11和第二基底12的厚度相同。
进一步地，第一基底11、第二基底12和基板22的材料相同。
进一步地，第一基底11、第二基底12和基板22的材料均为高折射率材料。高折射率材料例如ZF7，有利于压缩光斑尺寸。
在一示例中，每个半透膜21与基板22的下表面的夹角在30°～60°范围内。
在一示例中，所述光波导的上下表面镀制有增透膜。比如，假设光波导结构为图1所示的结构，那么镀制有增透膜的表面为基底11的上表面和基底12的下表面。
需要说明的是，图1所示的光波导的结构为水平扩展波导。当然满足上述技术特征的光波导结构也可以是垂直扩展波导。
请参见图6，图6为本发明一实施例提供的一种光学系统的示意图。包括显示器100、目镜系统200和光波导301(光波导301可参见图1～图5)，目镜系统200置于显示器100与光波导301之间，目镜系统200的光轴与显示器100垂直；
其中，显示器100的线视场分布的发散光通过目镜系统200后变为角视场分布的平行光，各角视场平行光先后经过光波导301后扩展出瞳阵列，当人眼眼瞳与光学系统的出瞳平面400重合即可获得显示器100上显示的显示信息。
在一示例中，如图7所示，所述光波导301为水平扩展波导，所述光学系统还包括垂直扩展波导302，目镜系统200置于显示器100与垂直光波导302 之间；
其中，显示器100的线视场分布的发散光通过目镜系统200后变为角视场分布的平行光，各角视场平行光先后经过垂直扩展波导302和水平扩展波导301扩展后形成二维分布的扩展出瞳阵列，当人眼眼瞳与光学系统的出瞳平面重合400即可获得显示器100上显示的显示信息。
其中，水平扩展波导301和垂直扩展波导302相互垂直紧密相接(如图7所示)，或者，在一基板上设置有水平扩展波导301和垂直扩展波导302。
在一示例中，显示器100可以是有机发光二极管(OLED)、液晶显示(LCD)或硅基液晶(LCOS)。
在一示例中，目镜系统200至少包括一个透镜元件，且各个元件沿着目镜系统200的光轴配置。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种光波导，其特征在于，所述光波导包括至少一个第一基底和扩展波导，所述第一基底和所述扩展波导相接，所述扩展波导包括多个相互平行倾斜地内嵌于基板的半透膜，所述光波导的左右侧面中的至少一侧设置有吸光材料；
    其中，入射光进入所述扩展波导后出射多条相互平行的出射光线；当入射光进入所述扩展波导经至少一个半透膜反射的反射光进入所述第一基底后，经所述第一基底全反射传播至所述光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面，或者，当入射光进入所述扩展波导经所述至少一个半透膜反射的反射光经所述第一基底传播至所述光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导，其特征在于，所述光波导还包括至少一个第二基底，所述第一基底、所述扩展波导和所述第二基底层叠设置；
    当入射光进入所述扩展波导经至少一个半透膜反射的反射光进入所述第二基底后，经所述第二基底全反射传播至所述光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面，或者，当入射光进入所述扩展波导经所述至少一个半透膜反射的反射光经所述第二基底传播至所述光波导的设置有吸光材料的侧面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光波导，其特征在于，任意两个相邻半透膜的间距大于或等于所述扩展波导的厚度与tanα的乘积，且不大于人眼瞳孔尺寸，所述α为第一视场角。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光波导，其特征在于，所述多个半透膜包含第一半透膜和第二半透膜，所述第一半透膜靠近所述光波导临近入射光斑的一侧，所述第二半透膜距离所述光波导临近入射光斑的一侧大于所述第一半透膜距离所述光波导临近入射光斑的一侧，所述第一半透膜和所述第二半透膜相邻；所述第一半透膜和所述第二半透膜的间距为第一间距，所述第一间距大于入射光斑的尺寸。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光波导，其特征在于，所述多个半透膜还包含多个第三半透膜，至少一个所述第三半透膜与第二半透膜相邻。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光波导，其特征在于，所述第二半透膜与相邻的所述第三半透膜的间距为第二间距，任意两个相邻的所述第三半透膜之间的间距与所述第二间距相等。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的光波导，其特征在于，所述第二半透膜与相邻的所述第三半透膜的间距以及任意两个相邻的所述第三半透膜之间的间距均为第三间距，所述第三间距沿所述第一半透膜朝向所述第二半透膜的方向依序递减。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的光波导，其特征在于，所述基底的厚度小于或等于所述光波导的长度的2倍与cotα的乘积，所述α为第一视场角。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光波导，其特征在于，所述多个半透膜的折射率是渐变的，以使得入射光进入所述扩展波导后出射多条相互平行的出射光线的光量相同。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的光波导，其特征在于，所述基底和所述基板的材料相同。
  11. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的半波导，其特征在于，所述光波导的上下表面镀制有增透膜。
  12. 一种光学系统，其特征在于，包括显示器、目镜系统和权1～权11任一项所述的光波导，所述目镜系统置于所述显示器与所述光波导之间，所述目镜系统的光轴与所述显示器垂直；
    所述显示器的线视场分布的发散光通过所述目镜系统后变为角视场分布的平行光，各角视场平行光先后经过所述光波导后扩展出瞳阵列，当人眼眼瞳与 所述光学系统的出瞳平面重合即可获得所述显示器上显示的显示信息。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述光波导为水平扩展波导，所述光学系统还包括垂直扩展波导，所述目镜系统置于所述显示器与所述垂直扩展光波导之间；
    所述显示器的线视场分布的发散光通过所述目镜系统后变为角视场分布的平行光，各角视场平行光先后经过所述垂直扩展波导和所述水平扩展波导扩展后形成二维分布的扩展出瞳阵列，当人眼眼瞳与所述光学系统的出瞳平面重合即可获得所述显示器上显示的显示信息。
PCT/CN2017/082576 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 一种光波导结构及光学系统 WO2018195983A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2017/082576 WO2018195983A1 (zh) 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 一种光波导结构及光学系统
CN201780004629.5A CN108521794B (zh) 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 一种光波导结构及光学系统

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2017/082576 WO2018195983A1 (zh) 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 一种光波导结构及光学系统

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018195983A1 true WO2018195983A1 (zh) 2018-11-01

Family

ID=63434088

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2017/082576 WO2018195983A1 (zh) 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 一种光波导结构及光学系统

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN108521794B (zh)
WO (1) WO2018195983A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11803056B2 (en) 2018-09-14 2023-10-31 Apple Inc. Waveguided display systems
CN110146980A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-08-20 深圳珑璟光电技术有限公司 一种基板引导光学器件
CN112462523A (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-09 谷东科技有限公司 一种增强现实近眼显示波导装置
CN115373148A (zh) * 2022-08-31 2022-11-22 北京灵犀微光科技有限公司 一种增强现实眼镜

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1114055A (zh) * 1994-05-12 1995-12-27 青岛海洋大学 消色差全息传象带
US20080186604A1 (en) * 2005-02-10 2008-08-07 Lumus Ltd Substrate-Guided Optical Device Particularly for Vision Enhanced Optical Systems
US20100254018A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 Vuzix Corporation Beam segmentor for enlarging viewing aperture of microdisplay
CN102645748A (zh) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-22 精工爱普生株式会社 虚像显示装置
CN104216120A (zh) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-17 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 半透膜阵列平板波导式头戴显示器光学系统
CN104656258A (zh) * 2015-02-05 2015-05-27 上海理湃光晶技术有限公司 屈光度可调的曲面波导近眼光学显示器件
CN104755994A (zh) * 2013-07-04 2015-07-01 索尼公司 显示设备
CN106597672A (zh) * 2017-02-16 2017-04-26 上海鲲游光电科技有限公司 一种基于波导的增强现实显示装置

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1114055A (zh) * 1994-05-12 1995-12-27 青岛海洋大学 消色差全息传象带
US20080186604A1 (en) * 2005-02-10 2008-08-07 Lumus Ltd Substrate-Guided Optical Device Particularly for Vision Enhanced Optical Systems
US20100254018A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 Vuzix Corporation Beam segmentor for enlarging viewing aperture of microdisplay
CN102645748A (zh) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-22 精工爱普生株式会社 虚像显示装置
CN104755994A (zh) * 2013-07-04 2015-07-01 索尼公司 显示设备
CN104216120A (zh) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-17 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 半透膜阵列平板波导式头戴显示器光学系统
CN104656258A (zh) * 2015-02-05 2015-05-27 上海理湃光晶技术有限公司 屈光度可调的曲面波导近眼光学显示器件
CN106597672A (zh) * 2017-02-16 2017-04-26 上海鲲游光电科技有限公司 一种基于波导的增强现实显示装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN108521794A (zh) 2018-09-11
CN108521794B (zh) 2020-08-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2017129029A1 (zh) 一种基于波导的显示系统
WO2019154430A1 (zh) 穿戴式ar系统、ar显示设备及其投射源模组
CN104536088B (zh) 齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件
US11630250B2 (en) System for use in imaging in air
US10698203B1 (en) Turning light pipe for a pupil expansion system and method
WO2015154643A1 (zh) 透过式眼镜显示器
US20130016292A1 (en) Eyepiece for near-to-eye display with multi-reflectors
WO2020042635A1 (zh) 一种二维出瞳扩展波导近眼光学显示装置
CN114072717B (zh) 基于经由光导光学元件对眼睛成像来进行眼睛追踪的设备和方法
CN110989172B (zh) 一种超大视场角的波导显示装置
JPWO2005088384A1 (ja) 画像表示光学系及び画像表示装置
JP2006003872A (ja) 光学素子、コンバイナ光学系、及び情報表示装置
WO2018195983A1 (zh) 一种光波导结构及光学系统
KR20170104370A (ko) 도광 장치 및 허상 표시 장치
US10466482B2 (en) Optical element and display device
CN210776039U (zh) 微型化短距离光学系统
CN107065181B (zh) 虚拟现实设备的光学系统
CN108572457A (zh) 一种光学显示系统
CN215986726U (zh) 一种增强现实显示系统
CN208314343U (zh) 一种光学显示系统
TWM591624U (zh) 短距離之光學系統
CN111638602B (zh) 光学装置及近眼显示设备
US12105304B2 (en) Augmented reality display device
JP2017161564A (ja) 導光装置及び虚像表示装置
US12111470B2 (en) Optical system and mixed reality device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17907190

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17907190

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1