WO2018181966A1 - 光学シート、光制御部材、面光源装置、映像源ユニット、及び表示装置 - Google Patents
光学シート、光制御部材、面光源装置、映像源ユニット、及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018181966A1 WO2018181966A1 PCT/JP2018/013792 JP2018013792W WO2018181966A1 WO 2018181966 A1 WO2018181966 A1 WO 2018181966A1 JP 2018013792 W JP2018013792 W JP 2018013792W WO 2018181966 A1 WO2018181966 A1 WO 2018181966A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0231—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having microprismatic or micropyramidal shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
- G02B5/045—Prism arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
- G02F1/133562—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements on the viewer side
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
- G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical sheet that controls the emission direction of incident light, and a light control member, a surface light source device, an image source unit, and a display device including the same.
- Display devices such as a car navigation system, a television monitor, and a personal computer monitor are provided with an image source for emitting an image to be displayed, and an optical sheet for improving the quality of the image light and providing it to the observer side. Yes.
- the image light is emitted from the front or from the front, up, down, left, and right, so that the image projected on the screen can be viewed from a desired position.
- the light emission direction is limited as necessary, such as for peeping prevention.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 are disclosed as optical sheets for controlling the light output angle in this way.
- JP 2006-171701 A JP 2014-059565 A JP 2012-113054 A
- an optical sheet as described in Patent Document 2 has high image light emission performance in a desired direction, but the emission of image light in other directions is limited.
- the display device has a particularly large screen, the brightness at the outer peripheral portion of the screen is relatively dark compared to the center portion although the center of the screen is bright.
- the tendency appears more remarkably.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an optical sheet capable of efficiently performing desired light emission angle control.
- a light control member, a surface light source device, an image source unit, and a display device including the optical sheet are provided.
- One aspect of the present invention is an optical sheet formed by laminating a plurality of layers, an optical functional layer that is one of the plurality of layers, an optical element layer that is the other of the plurality of layers,
- the optical functional layer extends in one direction, and a plurality of light transmission portions arranged with an interval in a direction different from the one direction, and a light absorption portion disposed between adjacent light transmission portions
- the optical element layer is a protrusion that extends so as to have an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° in a front view of the optical sheet with respect to one direction, and is arranged in a plurality of directions different from the extending direction.
- An optical sheet including a unit optical element.
- the “front view of the optical sheet” means the viewpoint when the optical sheet is viewed from the light exit side.
- “0 ° or more and 45 ° or less in the front view of the optical sheet” means that when the optical sheet is viewed in the front view of the optical sheet, the unit optical element is 0 ° with respect to the direction (one direction) in which the light transmission part extends. It means extending so as to have an angle of 45 ° or less.
- the light transmissive portion may have a trapezoidal cross section, and the long bottom may face the unit optical element side.
- the unit optical element may have a triangular cross section having a main refracting surface and a rise surface, and the main refracting surface may be a surface inclined at an angle greater than 45 ° and not more than 89 ° with respect to the normal direction of the light exit surface of the optical functional layer. .
- the angle formed by the main refractive surface and the normal of the light exit surface of the optical functional layer may be different between the unit optical element on the sheet center side and the unit optical element on the sheet outer periphery side.
- the unit optical element may have a triangular cross section having a main refracting surface and a rise surface, and the main refracting surface may be inclined at an angle greater than 0 ° and less than 17 ° with respect to the layer surface of the optical functional layer. Good.
- the light transmission part may have a trapezoidal cross section, and the short upper base may face the unit optical element side.
- a rough surface may be formed on the surface of the unit optical element.
- the arrangement pitch of the light transmission parts is P a ( ⁇ m)
- the arrangement pitch of the unit optical elements is P o ( ⁇ m)
- P mx ( ⁇ m) is the largest among P m obtained from all combinations of a and b with respect to a certain P a and P o
- the P mx is 10000 ( ⁇ m) or less. May be.
- Two or more optical sheets are arranged, and the direction in which the light transmission part of one optical sheet extends and the direction in which the light transmission part of the other optical sheet extend intersect with each other in a front view of the optical sheet.
- a light control member is arranged, and the direction in which the light transmission part of one optical sheet extends and the direction in which the light transmission part of the other optical sheet extend intersect with each other in a front view of the optical sheet.
- a surface light source device including a light source and the light control member disposed closer to the observer than the light source.
- an image source unit including the above surface light source device and a liquid crystal panel disposed on the light output side of the surface light source device.
- the light transmission unit, the light absorption unit, and the unit optical element may be an image source unit in which the extending direction is the horizontal direction and the arrangement direction is the vertical direction.
- the light emission angle control can be performed efficiently.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a video source unit 10.
- 4 is an exploded view showing a cross section of the video source unit 10.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded view showing another cross section of the video source unit 10.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view focusing on the optical sheet 30.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which expanded the optical sheet 30 further. It is a figure explaining the modification of the optical sheet.
- 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an optical path of light that passes through an optical sheet 30.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining control of the light emission angle in case the light emission side light control layer 35 is provided.
- It is a figure explaining the form provided with the light emission side light control layer.
- It is a figure explaining the example of the optical path by the light emission side light control layer.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a video source unit 210.
- 4 is an exploded view showing a cross section of the video source unit 210.
- FIG. 6 is an exploded view showing another cross section of the video source unit 210.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view focusing on the second optical sheet 230. It is sectional drawing which expanded a part of 2nd optical sheet 230 further.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an optical path in the first optical sheet 30. It is a figure explaining the light control in the 2nd optical sheet.
- 3 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a video source unit 310.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded view showing a cross section of the video source unit 310.
- FIG. 5 is an exploded view showing another cross section of the video source unit 310.
- FIG. It is the figure expanded paying attention to the optical sheet. It is the figure which expanded the optical sheet 330 further. It is a figure explaining the optical path which permeate
- 6 is a diagram illustrating characteristics of a light source in Test Example A.
- FIG. It is a diagram showing the results of Test Example A 1.
- 6 is a diagram illustrating characteristics of a light source in Test Example B.
- FIG. 31 (b) is a diagram showing the results of Test Example B 1.
- FIG. 25 (a), the FIG. 25 (b) is a diagram showing the results of Test Example B 2. It is a figure showing the scene which forms a rough surface on the surface of a unit optical element. Is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an optical sheet in Test Example E 4.
- FIGS. 35A, 35B, and 35C are graphs showing the results of Test Example E.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment, and is an exploded perspective view of an image source unit 10 including an optical sheet 30.
- 2 is a part of an exploded cross-sectional view of the video source unit 10 cut along the line II-II in FIG. 1 (a line along the vertical direction), and FIG. A part of the exploded sectional view of the image source unit 10 cut along the indicated line (line along the horizontal direction) is shown.
- the vertical direction and the horizontal direction refer to directions in the posture in which the optical sheet 30 is disposed on the display device and the display device is used.
- a video source unit 10 such as a power source that operates the video source unit 10 and an electronic circuit that controls the video source unit 10 are provided in a housing (not shown).
- the display device is housed together with normal equipment required for operation.
- a liquid crystal video source unit is described as one mode of the video source unit, and a liquid crystal display device is described as one mode of the display device.
- the video source unit 10 will be described.
- the video source unit 10 includes a liquid crystal panel 15, a surface light source device 20, and a functional film 40.
- the optical sheet 30 is included in the surface light source device 20. 1 to 3 also show the orientation in the posture in which the display device is installed.
- the liquid crystal panel 15 includes an upper polarizing plate 13 disposed on the viewer side, a lower polarizing plate 14 disposed on the surface light source device 20 side, and a liquid crystal disposed between the upper polarizing plate 13 and the lower polarizing plate 14.
- Layer 12. The upper polarizing plate 13 and the lower polarizing plate 14 decompose the incident light into two orthogonal polarization components (P wave and S wave), and the polarization component in one direction (direction parallel to the transmission axis) (for example, P And has a function of absorbing a polarization component (for example, S wave) in the other direction (direction parallel to the absorption axis) orthogonal to the one direction.
- a plurality of pixels are two-dimensionally arranged vertically and horizontally in a direction along the layer surface, and an electric field can be applied to each region where one pixel is formed. Then, the orientation of the pixel to which an electric field is applied changes.
- the polarization component for example, P wave
- the polarization direction is rotated by 90 °, while the polarization direction is maintained when passing through a pixel to which no electric field is applied.
- the polarization component for example, P wave
- the polarization component transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 14 further passes through the upper polarizing plate 13 disposed on the light output side, or the upper polarizing plate 13 It is possible to control whether or not it is absorbed and blocked.
- the liquid crystal panel 15 has a structure for expressing an image by controlling transmission or blocking of light from the surface light source device 20 for each pixel.
- liquid crystal panels There are several types of liquid crystal panels, but in this embodiment, the types are not particularly limited, and known types of liquid crystal panels can be used. Specific examples include TN, STN, VA, MVA, IPS, OCB, and the like.
- the surface light source device 20 is an illuminating device that is disposed on the side opposite to the observer side with the liquid crystal panel 15 interposed therebetween and emits planar light to the liquid crystal panel 15.
- the surface light source device 20 of this embodiment is configured as an edge light type surface light source device, and includes a light guide plate 21, a light source 25, a light diffusing plate 26, a prism layer 27, and a reflective polarizing plate. 28, an optical sheet 30 and a reflection sheet 39.
- the light guide plate 21 has a base portion 22 and a back optical element 23 as can be seen from FIGS.
- the light guide plate 21 is a plate-like member as a whole formed of a light-transmitting material.
- one plate surface side that is an observer side of the light guide plate 21 is a smooth surface
- the other plate surface side opposite to this is a back surface
- a plurality of back surface optical elements 23 are provided on the back surface. It is arranged.
- thermoplastic resins such as polymer resins having an alicyclic structure, methacrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymers, ABS resins, and polyethersulfones.
- epoxy acrylate and urethane acrylate-based reactive resins such as ionizing radiation curable resins).
- the base portion 22 is a plate having an appropriate thickness at a portion that serves as a base of the back surface optical element 23 while light is guided therein.
- the back surface optical element 23 is a protruding element formed on the back surface side of the base portion 22 and has a triangular prism shape in this embodiment.
- the rear optical element 23 has a columnar shape in which the protruding ridge line extends in the horizontal direction, and the plurality of rear optical elements 23 are arranged in a direction (vertical direction) orthogonal to the extending direction.
- the back optical element 23 of this embodiment has a triangular cross section, but is not limited to this, and may be a cross section of any shape such as a polygon, a hemisphere, a part of a sphere, or a lens shape.
- the arrangement direction of the plurality of back surface optical elements 23 is preferably the light guide direction. That is, the ridge lines of the respective back surface optical elements 23 extend in parallel to the direction in which the light sources 25 are arranged, or in the direction in which the light sources 25 extend if they are one long light source.
- the “triangular shape” in the present specification includes not only a triangular shape in a strict sense but also a substantially triangular shape including limitations in manufacturing technology, errors in molding, and the like.
- terms used in the present specification to specify other shapes and geometric conditions for example, terms such as “parallel”, “orthogonal”, “ellipse”, “circle”, etc. are bound to the strict meaning. Therefore, it is interpreted including an error to the extent that a similar optical function can be expected.
- the light guide plate 21 having such a configuration can be manufactured by extrusion molding or by molding the back surface optical element 23 on the base 22.
- the base portion 22 and the back surface optical element 23 can be integrally formed.
- the back surface optical element 23 may be the same resin material as the base 22, or a different material.
- the light source 25 is arrange
- the type of the light source is not particularly limited, but can be configured in various forms such as a fluorescent lamp such as a linear cold cathode tube, a point LED (light emitting diode), or an incandescent bulb.
- the light source 25 is composed of a plurality of LEDs, and is configured to be able to individually and independently adjust the lighting and extinction of each LED and / or the lighting brightness of each LED by a control device (not shown). Yes.
- the light source 25 is arranged on one side surface (end surface) as described above, but the light source is also arranged on the side surface (end surface) opposite to the side surface (end surface). It may be a form.
- the shape of the back optical element is also formed in accordance with a known example so as to be suitable for the arrangement of the light source.
- the light diffusion plate 26 is a layer that is disposed on the light output side of the light guide plate 21 and has a function of diffusing and emitting the light incident thereon. Thereby, the uniformity of the light radiate
- a known light diffusing plate can be used. For example, a form in which a light diffusing agent is dispersed in a base material can be mentioned.
- the light diffusion plate 26 can also be used as a support plate for the prism layer 27 as in this embodiment. When the light exit surface of the light guide plate 21 is smooth, the light diffusing plate 26 may be bonded to the light guide plate 21 to be integrated.
- the prism layer 27 is a layer that is provided on the liquid crystal panel 15 side of the light diffusing plate 26 and includes a unit prism 27a that is convex toward the liquid crystal panel 15 side.
- the unit prism 27a has a triangular cross section in this embodiment and extends in a direction orthogonal to the light guide direction of the light guide plate 21 (in this embodiment, the horizontal direction).
- a plurality of unit prisms 27a are arranged in the light guide direction of the light guide plate 21 (the vertical direction in this embodiment). As a result, light can be collected in the direction in which the optical function layer 32 controls light (in this embodiment, the vertical direction), and light can be efficiently and totally reflected by the optical function layer 32.
- the cross-sectional shape of the unit prism of such a prism layer a known shape (triangle, quadrangle, or other polygon) can be applied according to a required function.
- the light can be condensed as described above, or the light can be further diffused.
- the direction in which the unit prisms extend and the direction in which the unit prisms are arranged are not limited to the above form, but may take other forms.
- the unit prism may extend in the light guide direction of the light guide plate, and the plurality of unit prisms may be arranged in a direction orthogonal to the light guide direction of the light guide plate.
- the reflective polarizing plate 28 decomposes incident light into two orthogonal polarization components (P wave and S wave) and transmits a polarization component (for example, P wave) in one direction (direction parallel to the transmission axis). And has a function of reflecting a polarization component (for example, S wave) in the other direction (direction parallel to the reflection axis) orthogonal to the one direction.
- a polarization component for example, S wave
- the optical sheet 30 shows an enlarged part of the optical sheet 30 from the viewpoint of FIG.
- the optical sheet 30 is provided on the base layer 31 formed in a sheet shape and on one surface of the base layer 31 (in this embodiment, the surface on the light guide plate 21 side).
- An optical functional layer 32 and a light output side light control layer 35 as a light control layer disposed on the other surface of the base material layer 31 (the surface on the liquid crystal panel 15 side in this embodiment) are provided.
- the base material layer 31 is a flat sheet-like member that supports the optical function layer 32 and the light output side light control layer 35.
- Various materials can be used as the material forming the base material layer 31.
- a material that is widely used as a material for an optical sheet incorporated in a display device and has excellent mechanical characteristics, optical characteristics, stability, workability, and the like, and can be obtained at low cost can be used. Examples thereof include polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET), triacetyl cellulose resin (TAC), methacrylic resin, and polycarbonate resin.
- TAC tridecyl styrene
- methacrylic resin methacrylic resin
- polycarbonate resin with little birefringence (retardation).
- a polycarbonate resin having a high glass transition point is desirable in applications that require high heat resistance such as in-vehicle applications.
- the glass transition point of the polycarbonate resin is 143 ° C., which is generally suitable for in-vehicle applications that require durability at 105 ° C.
- the optical function layer 32 is a layer laminated on one surface of the base material layer 31 (in this embodiment, the surface on the light guide plate 21 side), and includes a light transmission portion 33 and a light absorption portion 34.
- the optical functional layer 32 has a cross section shown in FIG. 4 and has a shape extending in the back / near side of the paper (in this embodiment, the horizontal direction when the image source unit 10 is viewed from the front), and extends along the layer surface.
- the light transmitting portions 33 and the light absorbing portions 34 are alternately arranged in a direction different from the direction (vertical direction in this embodiment).
- the light transmission part 33 is a part whose main function is to transmit light.
- the base layer 31 has a long lower bottom and the opposite side (light guide plate).
- 21 is an element having a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape having a short upper base on the side 21).
- the light transmitting portion 33 maintains the cross section along the layer surface of the base material layer 31 and extends in one direction (horizontal direction in the present embodiment), and is spaced in a direction different from the extending direction (vertical direction in the present embodiment). Are arranged in a plurality.
- An interval (groove) having a substantially trapezoidal cross section is formed between the adjacent light transmission portions 33.
- the interval (groove) has a long lower bottom on the upper bottom side (light guide plate 21 side) of the light transmission portion 33 and a short upper bottom on the lower bottom side (base material layer 31 side) of the light transmission portion 33.
- the light-absorbing portion 34 is formed by filling a necessary material to be described later.
- a plurality of light transmission parts 33 are connected by a sheet-like base part 32a on the lower bottom side (base material layer side 31).
- the light transmission portion 33 has a refractive index is a N t.
- a light transmission part 33 can be formed by hardening a light transmission part structure composition. While not the value of the refractive index N t is particularly limited, the refractive index from the viewpoint of (. Including total reflection) appropriately reflect light at the interface between the light absorbing portion 34 in the slope of a trapezoidal cross-section, as described below Is preferably 1.47 or more. However, since a material with a refractive index that is too high is likely to break, the refractive index is preferably 1.61 or less. More preferably, it is 1.49 or more and 1.56 or less, More preferably, it is 1.56.
- the light absorbing portion 34 functions as an intermediate portion formed in the interval (groove) formed between the adjacent light transmitting portions 33 and has a cross-sectional shape similar to the cross-sectional shape of the interval (groove). Therefore, the short upper base faces the liquid crystal panel 15 side (base material layer 31 side), and the long lower base is the opposite side (in this embodiment, the light guide plate 21 side). And the light absorption part 34 is comprised so that light can be absorbed while a refractive index is set to Nr . Specifically, light absorbing particles are dispersed in a transparent resin having a refractive index of Nr . Refractive index N r is a refractive index lower than the refractive index N t of the light transmitting portion 33.
- the refractive index of the light absorbing portion 34 is smaller than the refractive index of the light transmitting portion 33, the light that satisfies the conditions and enters the light transmitting portion 33 is appropriately totally reflected at the interface with the light absorbing portion 34. Can be made. Even when the total reflection condition is not satisfied, some light is reflected at the interface.
- the value of the refractive index Nr is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1.47 or more on the assumption that the total reflection can be appropriately performed. However, since a material with a refractive index that is too high is likely to break, the refractive index is preferably 1.61 or less. More preferably, it is 1.49 or more and 1.56 or less, More preferably, it is 1.49.
- the difference in refractive index between the refractive index Nt of the light transmitting portion 33 and the refractive index Nr of the light absorbing portion 34 is not particularly limited, but is preferably greater than 0 and not greater than 0.14, preferably not less than 0.05 and not greater than 0. .14 or less is more preferable. By increasing the refractive index difference, more light can be totally reflected.
- the optical functional layer 32 is not particularly limited, but can be formed in the following shape, for example.
- FIG. 5 shows a further enlarged view of a part of FIG.
- ⁇ 11 shown in FIG. 5 is an interface 34 a that is above the light absorbing portion 34 when the optical sheet 30 is in the posture as shown in FIG. 1 among the interfaces between the light transmitting portion 33 and the light absorbing portion 34.
- ⁇ 12 is an angle formed by the interface 34 b below the light absorbing portion 34 among the interfaces of the light transmitting portion 33 and the light absorbing portion 34 in the same posture and the normal of the layer surface of the optical functional layer 32.
- ⁇ 11 is preferably 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less.
- ⁇ 11 When ⁇ 11 is larger than 0 °, it means that it is inclined so as to be lowered from the light guide plate 21 side (light incident side) toward the liquid crystal panel 15 side (light emission side, base material layer 31 side).
- ⁇ 12 is preferably 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less. The theta 12 is greater than 0 ° means that the inclination from the light guide plate 21 side (light incident side) as raised toward the liquid crystal panel 15 side (light outgoing side, the base layer 31 side).
- the relationship between the angles of ⁇ 11 and ⁇ 12 can be set as necessary.
- the pitch between the light transmission part 33 and the light absorption part 34 represented by Pa in FIG. 4 is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the light absorption part 34 shown by Da in FIG. 4 is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 60 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less. By being within these ranges, the balance between light transmission and light absorption can be made more appropriate.
- the interface between the light transmitting portion 33 and the light absorbing portion 34 is straight in the cross section.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be a polygonal line shape, a convex curve shape, a concave curve shape, Also good.
- the cross-sectional shape may be the same in the some light transmission part 33 and the light absorption part 34, and a different cross-sectional shape may have regularity.
- the direction in which the light transmission unit 33 and the light absorption unit 34 extend is horizontal is described.
- the direction in which the light transmission unit 33 and the light absorption unit 34 extend is the liquid crystal layer 12. It is preferable to have an angle in the front view of the video source unit with respect to the pixel arrangement direction (bias angle ⁇ 1 ). This specific angle of the bias angle alpha 1 is not limited in particular as long prevent moire, it is preferably 1 ° to 10 °.
- the light output side light control layer 35 functions as a light control layer, and is combined with the optical function layer 32 to control the direction of light when combined.
- the light output side light control layer 35 controls the direction of the light emitted from the optical function layer 32 and emits the light. That is, in this embodiment, the light exit side light control layer 35 further controls the direction of the light controlled by the optical function layer 32 so that the emitted light has a desired light output angle.
- the light output side light control layer 35 includes a support layer 35a and an optical element layer 35b.
- the support layer 35a is a transparent sheet-like member that functions as a support for the optical element layer 35b.
- the support layer 35a can be made of the same material as the base material layer 31 and the light transmission portion 33 described above.
- the optical element layer 35b is a layer that changes the direction of light emitted from the optical functional layer 32, and a plurality of unit optical elements 35c are arranged on the surface of the support layer 35a opposite to the optical functional layer 32 side. Being done.
- the unit optical element 35c further controls the direction of the light controlled by the optical function layer 32. In this embodiment, control is performed so that the viewing angle is efficiently shifted upward in the vertical direction in the postures shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 show the cross-sectional shape of the unit optical element 35c.
- the unit optical element 35c specifically has the following structure.
- the plurality of unit optical elements 35c are arranged in a direction different from the extending direction.
- the ridgeline of the unit optical element 35c is configured to extend at an angle in the front view of the optical sheet with respect to the direction in which the light transmitting portion 33 and the light absorbing portion 34 extend (bias angle ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0 °).
- the direction in which the light transmission part 33 of the optical functional layer 32 extends and the direction in which the ridge line of the unit optical element 35c extends are relative to each other at a bias angle ⁇ 2 that is greater than 0 ° and equal to or less than 45 °. It preferably extends so as to be inclined.
- the angle alpha 2 greater than 45 ° the efficiency of the light direction control is degraded due to unit optical element 35c.
- a more preferable angle ⁇ 2 is not less than 1 ° and not more than 10 °.
- Each unit optical element 35c has a main refracting surface 35d and a rise surface 35e, as can be seen from FIG.
- the main refracting surface 35d and the rise surface 35e form two triangular prisms, and the other surface overlaps the support layer 35a and is fixed to the support layer 35a.
- the main refracting surface 35d is a refracting surface that changes the direction of light so that the light emitted from the optical functional layer 32 is directed further upward in the postures of FIGS. According to this, the range of light emission can be efficiently shifted upward in the vertical direction.
- the main refracting surface 35d is inclined so as to approach the optical functional layer 32 as it goes downward (here, this direction is assumed to be a positive (+) direction inclination). Accordingly, in one unit optical element 35c, the main refracting surface 35d is on the lower side and the rise surface 35e is on the upper side.
- the inclination of the main refracting surface 35 d has an angle of ⁇ 21 shown in FIG. 5 with respect to the normal direction of the optical function layer 32.
- the specific angle of ⁇ 21 is preferably greater than 45 ° and less than 90 ° (the absolute value of the tilt angle of the main refractive surface is greater than 45 ° and less than 90 °). Thereby, it is possible to reliably perform light control for improving luminance (light emission angle control) in a desired direction. If ⁇ 21 is 45 ° or less, total reflection is likely to occur on the main refracting surface 35d, and there is a possibility that more light is not emitted. Further, when ⁇ 21 is 90 ° or more, the function as the main refracting surface can hardly be exhibited. More preferable ⁇ 21 is 80 ° or more and 89 ° or less. By setting ⁇ 21 within this range, the rise surface 35e can be kept small, and the generation of stray light by the rise surface 35e can be reduced.
- the rise surface 35e is a surface required for forming the main refractive surface 35d.
- the inclination angle of the rise surface 35e expressed in theta 22 in Figure 5, is preferably not more than 100 ° 80 ° or more with respect to the direction along the layer plane of the optically functional layer 32. From the viewpoint of production, 80 ° or more and 90 ° or less is more preferable. Further, if ⁇ 22 is less than 80 ° and greater than 100 °, stray light from the rise surface 35e may increase.
- the vertex angle of the unit optical element 35c is naturally determined from the above ⁇ 21 and ⁇ 22, but is preferably 45 ° or more and less than 90 °.
- Pitch of unit optical elements 35c shown in P o in FIG. 4 from the viewpoint of visually obscured even if moire occurs by reducing the moire pitch, smaller is preferable, in particular at a pitch P o is 50 ⁇ m or less Preferably there is. Further, since the optical functional layer 32 is more difficult to manufacture than the optical element layer 35b, the pitch P o of the unit optical element 35c is larger than the pitch P a (see FIG. 4) of the light transmitting portion 33 of the optical functional layer 32. The smaller one is desirable. More preferably, P o is 1/2 or less of P a.
- P o such as P a / 2, P a / 3, P a / 4
- the end portions of the unit optical elements 35c of the light transmitting portion 33 is not possible match That is.
- the least common multiple of the P o and P a the larger is desirable.
- the unit optical element 35c is small, the accuracy is lowered, so that Po is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- P mx ( ⁇ m) is 10,000 ( ⁇ m) or less, where P a ( ⁇ m) is the arrangement pitch of the light transmission parts 33 and P o ( ⁇ m) is the arrangement pitch of the unit optical elements 35c.
- P mx can be obtained as follows.
- P mx can be obtained based on P m , and P m is expressed by the following equation.
- P m
- P a ⁇ P o and a and b are integers of 1 or more and 10 or less. Then, for P a and P o , all combinations from the equal (1 ⁇ ) pitch to the 10 ⁇ pitch are considered. Thereby, it is possible to evaluate the occurrence of moire in a wide range in consideration of the integer multiple pitch. And there P a, maximum P m for a combination of P o a, in P m of all combinations changing the b is P mx.
- the protruding height of the unit optical element 35c indicated by Do in FIG. 4 from the support layer 35a is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. If it is smaller than this, the processing accuracy may be deteriorated so that a streak line may be visually recognized. If it is larger than this, moire tends to occur between the light absorbing portion 34 and the unit optical element 35c.
- the plurality of unit optical elements 35c are continuously arranged without a gap.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a space is provided between adjacent unit optical elements 35c, and the surface of the support layer 35a is exposed in this portion. An aspect may be sufficient.
- the main refracting surface 35d of the unit optical element 35c is linear in the cross section shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, but the present invention is not limited to this, and even if the cross section has a concave or convex curve or a polygonal line shape. Good. Further, the main refracting surface 35d and the rise surface 35e may be roughened. Thereby, it is possible to scatter light and suppress the generation of moire.
- the method of making the main refracting surface 35d and the rise surface 35e rough is not particularly limited. However, the unit optical element may be directly blasted, or the mold for molding the unit optical element may be blasted. To do.
- the plurality of unit optical elements 35c do not necessarily have the same shape, and may be changed as appropriate.
- the support layer 35a is provided on the light emission side light control layer 35.
- the support layer 35a is not necessarily provided.
- the optical element layer 35 b may be directly formed on the base material layer 31 as shown in FIG.
- the surface of the base material layer 31 that forms the interface with the optical element layer 35b is a rough surface, and the refractive index of the base material layer 31 is different from the refractive index of the optical element layer 35b. Can do. According to this, light is scattered by the rough surface, and the generation of moire can be suppressed.
- the support layer 35a and the optical element layer 35b (unit optical element 35c) of the light output side light control layer 35 can be made of the same material as the base material layer 31 and the light transmission portion 33 described above.
- the optical sheet 30 can be manufactured as follows, for example. First, the light transmission part 33 is formed on one surface of the base material layer 31. This inserts the base material sheet used as the base material layer 31 between the mold roll which has the shape which can transfer the shape of the light transmission part 33 on the surface, and the nip roll arrange
- a groove corresponding to the light transmitting portion formed on the surface of the mold roll (a shape obtained by reversing the shape of the light transmitting portion) is filled with the composition that constitutes the light transmitting portion, and the composition becomes the surface of the mold roll. It will be along the shape.
- examples of the composition constituting the light transmission part include ionizing radiation curable resins such as epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, polyether acrylate, polyester acrylate, and polythiol.
- the composition which is sandwiched between the mold roll and the base sheet and constitutes the light transmitting portion filled therein is irradiated with light for curing with a light irradiation device from the base sheet side. Thereby, a composition can be hardened and the shape can be fixed. And the base material layer 31 and the shape
- the light absorption part 34 is formed.
- the composition constituting the light absorption part is filled in the interval (groove) between the light transmission parts 33 formed above. Thereafter, the surplus composition is scraped off with a doctor blade or the like. Then, the remaining composition can be cured by irradiating with ultraviolet rays from the light transmitting portion 33 side to form the light absorbing portion 34.
- the material used as the light absorption part is not particularly limited, but for example, it is colored in a photocurable resin such as urethane (meth) acrylate, polyester (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, and butadiene (meth) acrylate. And a composition in which the light absorbing particles are dispersed.
- a photocurable resin such as urethane (meth) acrylate, polyester (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, and butadiene (meth) acrylate.
- a composition in which the light absorbing particles are dispersed.
- the entire light absorbing portion can be colored with a pigment or a dye.
- light-absorbing colored particles such as carbon black are preferably used.
- the present invention is not limited to these, and selectively absorbs a specific wavelength according to the characteristics of image light.
- Colored particles may be used. Specific examples include organic fine particles colored with metal salts such as carbon black, graphite, and black iron oxide, dyes, pigments, colored glass beads, and the like. In particular, colored organic fine particles are preferably used from the viewpoints of cost, quality, availability, and the like.
- the average particle diameter of the colored particles is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 4.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the “average particle diameter” means an arithmetic average diameter obtained by observing 100 light absorbing particles with an electron microscope and measuring the diameter.
- the light output side light control layer 35 in which the optical element layer 35b is laminated on one surface of the support layer 35a is prepared separately from the optical function layer 32.
- This can be manufactured in the same manner following the method of laminating the light transmitting portion 33 on the base material layer 31 in the optical functional layer 32.
- the bias angle alpha 2 an angle not 0 °
- the spiral shape along the outer circumferential surface grooves for molding a unit optical element 35c of the roll mold of the roll mold for forming an optical element layer 35b It is preferably formed in a thread groove shape. This imparts an appropriate bias angle alpha 2 in terms of the accuracy of the viewpoints and efficiency.
- the optical element layer 35 b is disposed among the surface opposite to the surface on which the optical functional layer 32 is disposed and the surface of the support layer 35 a of the light output side light control layer 35.
- the optical sheet 30 is obtained by pasting and integrating the surface opposite to the side with an adhesive.
- the reflection sheet 39 is a member that reflects the light emitted from the back surface of the light guide plate 21 and makes the light enter the light guide plate 21 again.
- the reflection sheet 39 is a sheet that is capable of so-called specular reflection, such as a sheet made of a material having a high reflectivity such as a metal, or a sheet including a thin film (for example, a metal thin film) made of a material having a high reflectivity as a surface layer. It can be preferably applied.
- the functional film 40 is a layer that is disposed on the light output side of the liquid crystal panel 15 and has functions of improving the quality of video light and protecting the video source unit 10. Examples thereof include an antireflection film, an antiglare film, a hard coat film, a color tone correction film, a light diffusion film, and the like, and these are constituted by combining them alone or in combination.
- optical path example is conceptual for explanation, and does not strictly represent the degree of reflection or refraction.
- the light emitted from the light source 25 enters the light guide plate 21 from a light incident surface that is a side surface (end surface) of the light guide plate 21.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an optical path of light L 21 and L 22 incident on the light guide plate 21 from the light source 25 as an example.
- the light L 21 and L 22 incident on the light guide plate 21 repeatedly undergoes total reflection due to a difference in refractive index with air on the light exit side surface of the light guide plate 21 and the back surface on the opposite side, and the light guide direction Proceed to (downward direction in FIG. 2).
- the back optical element 23 is disposed on the back surface of the light guide plate 21.
- the light L 21 and L 22 traveling in the light guide plate 21 has its traveling direction changed by the back optical element 23 and is incident on the light exit surface and the back surface at an incident angle less than the total reflection critical angle.
- the light can be emitted from the light exit surface of the light guide plate 21 and the back surface on the opposite side.
- Lights L 21 and L 22 emitted from the light exit surface travel toward the light diffusion plate 26 disposed on the light exit side of the light guide plate 21.
- the light emitted from the back surface is reflected by the reflection sheet 39 disposed on the back surface of the light guide plate 21, enters the light guide plate 21 again, and travels through the light guide plate 21.
- the light traveling in the light guide plate 21 and the light whose direction is changed by the back surface optical element 23 and reaching the light exit surface at an incident angle less than the total reflection critical angle are in each area along the light guide direction in the light guide plate 21. Arise. For this reason, the light traveling in the light guide plate 21 is gradually emitted from the light exit surface. Thereby, the light quantity distribution along the light guide direction of the light emitted from the light exit surface of the light guide plate 21 can be made uniform.
- the light emitted from the light guide plate 21 then reaches the light diffusion plate 26 and the uniformity is improved.
- the light diffused or condensed by the prism layer 27 as necessary and emitted from the prism layer 27 reaches the reflective polarizing plate 28.
- the light in the polarization direction along the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing plate 28 passes through the reflective polarizing plate 28 and travels toward the optical sheet 30.
- the light in the polarization direction along the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing plate 28 is reflected and returned to the light guide plate 21 side as indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG.
- the returned light is reflected by the light guide plate 21, the back surface optical element 23, or the reflection sheet 39 and travels again toward the reflective polarizing plate 28.
- the polarization direction of a part of the light is changed, and a part of the light is transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 28.
- Other light is returned to the light guide plate side again.
- the light reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 28 can be transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 28 by repeating the reflection.
- the utilization factor of the light from the light source 25 is increased.
- the light emitted from the reflective polarizing plate 28 has a polarization direction in a direction along the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate 14, and is polarized light that is transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 14.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of an optical path in the optical sheet 30.
- the interface goes to the interface 34 a on the upper side of the light absorbing portion 34 among the interfaces between the light transmitting portion 33 and the light absorbing portion 34. Then, the light is totally reflected at the interface 34a to become light obliquely upward toward the observer side, and the light is controlled in a desired direction.
- the interface 34b which is the lower side of the light absorbing portion 34 among the interfaces between the light transmitting portion 33 and the light absorbing portion 34, is inclined so as to become obliquely upward toward the observer side, the light L 21 , the light L 22 , the light L 71 , the light L 72 , and the light absorption unit 34 hardly obstructs the progress of light, and more light can be guided in a desired direction.
- L 73 shown in FIG. 7 proceeds obliquely upward toward the observer side, and travels at an angle that transmits through the interface without being totally reflected by the interface 34b between the light transmitting portion 33 and the light absorbing portion 34. Therefore, the light is absorbed by the light absorbing portion 34 through the interface 34b. As a result, it is possible to efficiently absorb and block light emitted at a viewing angle that is greater than or equal to a desired angle, and it is possible to efficiently control the light traveling direction. Further, since such light is incident on the liquid crystal panel and there is a high possibility of causing problems such as a decrease in contrast and color reversal and a decrease in quality, such light can be absorbed.
- the direction of the light transmitted through the optical functional layer 32 is further changed in the optical element layer 35b.
- the light L 71 and L 72 are further refracted and emitted on the main refracting surface 35d. Thereby, the light emission range can be further shifted (shifted) upward.
- the optical sheet 30 of the present embodiment is more in comparison with the case where the light output side light control layer 35 is not provided (A in FIG. 8).
- the horizontal axis represents the light emission angle with respect to the normal to the sheet surface in the vertical direction, with positive being upward and negative being downward.
- the vertical axis represents the relative luminance when a certain luminance is 100%.
- the light output angle can be efficiently controlled by providing the optical element layer 35b like the optical sheet 30.
- the optical element layer 35b for controlling light in this way has a simple configuration as described above, and has an effect with such a simple configuration. Note that by the theta 11 of the optical functional layer 32 in the present embodiment, and theta 12 a (see FIG. 5) and ⁇ 11 ⁇ 12, it is possible to control the viewing angle in a wider range.
- the light emitted from the optical sheet 30 enters the lower polarizing plate 14 of the liquid crystal panel 15.
- the lower polarizing plate 14 transmits one polarization component of incident light and absorbs the other polarization component.
- the light transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 14 selectively passes through the upper polarizing plate 13 according to the state of electric field application to each pixel.
- the liquid crystal panel 15 selectively transmits light from the surface light source device 20 for each pixel, so that an observer of the liquid crystal display device can observe an image. At that time, the image light is provided to the observer through the functional film 40, and the quality of the image is improved.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the second embodiment and corresponds to FIG.
- a light output side light control layer 135 as a light control layer is applied instead of the light output side light control layer 35. Since the other parts are the same as those of the image source unit 10 described above, the configuration and operation of the light output side light control layer 135 will be described here.
- the light exit side light control layer 135 emits light that has been emitted from the optical functional layer 32 while controlling the direction of the light. Therefore, the light output side light control layer 135 includes the support layer 35a and the optical element layer 135b.
- the support layer 35a is the same as the support layer 35a of the light output side light control layer 35 described above.
- the optical element layer 135b is a layer that changes the direction of light emitted from the optical function layer 32, and a plurality of unit optical elements 135c are arranged on the surface of the support layer 35a opposite to the optical function layer 32 side. Being done.
- the unit optical element 135c specifically has the following structure.
- the unit optical element 135c has a triangular prism shape having a triangular cross section protruding to the side opposite to the optical functional layer 32 side, and has a ridge line with respect to the direction in which the light transmitting portion 33 and the light absorbing portion 34 extend.
- Bias angle ⁇ 2 0 °
- bias angle ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0 ° The plurality of unit optical elements 135c are arranged in a direction different from the extending direction.
- Bias angle alpha 2 of the idea of the unit optical element 135c and the light transmitting portion 33 is the same as the unit optical element 35c described above.
- Each unit optical element 135c has a main refracting surface 135d and a rise surface 135e, as can be seen from FIG.
- the main refracting surface 135d and the rising surface 135e form two triangular prism surfaces, and the other surface overlaps the support layer 35a and is fixed to the support layer 35a.
- the main refracting surface 135d is a refracting surface that changes the angle of light emitted upward from the optical function layer 32 so as to approach the front direction in the same posture as in FIG. According to this, the light emission angle in the vertical direction can be adjusted to a desired direction.
- the main refractive surface 135d is inclined in a direction away from the optical functional layer 32 as it goes downward (here, this direction is a negative ( ⁇ ) direction). Accordingly, in one unit optical element 135c, the main refracting surface 135d is up, and the rise surface 135e is down.
- the inclination angle of the main refractive surface 135d has an angle of ⁇ 31 with respect to the normal direction of the light exit surface of the optical function layer 32 as shown in FIG.
- the specific angle of ⁇ 31 is preferably ⁇ 89 ° or more and less than ⁇ 45 ° (the absolute value of the tilt angle is greater than 45 ° and 89 ° or less). Thereby, it is possible to reliably perform light control for improving luminance (light emission angle control) in a desired direction. If ⁇ 31 is ⁇ 45 ° or more, there is a possibility that the amount of light that is totally reflected by the main refractive surface 135d and not emitted is increased. Further, when ⁇ 31 is smaller than ⁇ 89 °, the function as a main refracting surface can hardly be exhibited.
- ⁇ 31 is ⁇ 89 ° or more and ⁇ 80 ° or less (the absolute value of the tilt angle is 80 ° or more and 89 ° or less).
- rise surface 135e is reduced by the theta 31 this range, it is possible to reduce stray light due to rise surface 135e.
- a preferable embodiment in terms of other shapes of the unit optical element 135c can be considered in the same manner as the unit optical element 35c described above.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of the optical path.
- part is as the above-mentioned image source unit 10, description is abbreviate
- the direction of the light transmitted through the optical functional layer 32 is further changed in the optical element layer 135b.
- the light L 101 and L 102 are refracted and emitted so as to approach the front side on the main refracting surface 135d. Thereby, the light emission angle is controlled in a desired direction.
- the viewing angle is shifted more efficiently than when the light emission side light control layer 135 is not provided (A in FIG. 11) ( (C in FIG. 11).
- the horizontal axis represents the light emission angle with respect to the sheet surface normal in the vertical direction, with positive being upward and negative being downward.
- the vertical axis represents the relative luminance when a certain luminance is 100%.
- Such adjustment of the light exit angle is difficult to perform only with the optical function layer, or even if it is performed, there are many problems such as a decrease in luminance.
- the optical element layer 135b for controlling light in this way has a simple configuration as described above, and the effect is obtained with such a simple configuration.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the third embodiment, and is an exploded perspective view of the image source unit 210 including the optical sheet 230.
- the optical sheet 30 described above is disposed on the light incident side (light guide plate 21 side) from the optical sheet 230, and the optical sheet 30 and the optical sheet 230 form the light control member 229.
- the optical sheet 30 may be referred to as the first optical sheet 30 and the optical sheet 230 may be referred to as the second optical sheet 230 for easy understanding.
- FIG. 13 is a part of an exploded cross-sectional view of the video source unit 210 taken along the line indicated by XIII-XIII in FIG. 12 (a line along the vertical direction), and FIG. 14 shows a XIV-XIV in FIG.
- disconnected along the line shown by (line along a horizontal direction) was represented.
- the vertical direction and the horizontal direction mean directions in a posture in which the light control member 229 is disposed on the display device and the display device is used.
- an image source unit 210 such as a power source that operates the image source unit 210 and an electronic circuit that controls the image source unit 210 is provided in a housing (not shown).
- the display device is housed together with normal equipment required for operation.
- a liquid crystal video source unit is described as one mode of the video source unit, and a liquid crystal display device is described as one mode of the display device.
- the video source unit 210 will be described below.
- the video source unit 210 includes a liquid crystal panel 15, a surface light source device 220, and a functional film 40.
- the first optical sheet 230 and the light control member 229 including the first optical sheet 230 are provided in the surface light source device 20.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 the orientation in the posture in which the display device is installed is also displayed.
- the liquid crystal panel 15 and the functional film 40 can be considered in the same manner as the video source unit 10 of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given here and description thereof is omitted.
- the surface light source device 220 is an illuminating device that is disposed on the side opposite to the observer side with the liquid crystal panel 15 interposed therebetween and emits planar light to the liquid crystal panel 15.
- the surface light source device 220 of this embodiment is configured as an edge light type surface light source device, and includes a light guide plate 21, a light source 25, a light diffusing plate 26, a prism layer 27, and a reflective polarizing plate. 28, a light control member 229 and a reflection sheet 39.
- the light control member 229 it can be considered in the same manner as the surface light source device 20 included in the video source unit 10 of the first embodiment.
- the light control member 229 includes the first optical sheet 30 and the second optical sheet 230.
- the first optical sheet 30 is disposed on the light guide plate 21 side
- the second optical sheet 230 is disposed on the liquid crystal panel 15 side.
- the first optical sheet 30 can be considered in the same manner as the optical sheet 30 included in the surface light source device 20, the same reference numerals are given here, and the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 15 shows an enlarged part of the second optical sheet 230 from the viewpoint of FIG.
- the second optical sheet 230 includes a base material layer 231 formed in a sheet shape, and one surface of the base material layer 231 (in this embodiment, the first optical sheet 30 side). And a light output side light control layer 235 as a light control layer disposed on the other surface of the base material layer 231 (the surface on the liquid crystal panel 15 side in this embodiment).
- the base material layer 231 can be considered similarly to the base material layer 31 of the optical sheet 30.
- the optical functional layer 232 is a layer laminated on one surface of the base material layer 231 (the surface on the first optical sheet 30 side in this embodiment), and is configured to include a light transmission portion 233 and a light absorption portion 234. ing.
- the optical functional layer 232 has a cross section shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 and has a shape extending in the back / near side of the paper (in this embodiment, the vertical direction when the image source unit 210 is viewed from the front), and along the layer surface.
- the light transmission portions 233 and the light absorption portions 234 are alternately arranged in a direction different from the extending direction (in this embodiment, the horizontal direction).
- the light transmission part 233 is a part whose main function is to transmit light.
- the base layer 231 side has a long lower bottom, the opposite side (first side This is an element having a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape having a short upper base on the optical sheet 30 side.
- the light transmitting portion 233 maintains the cross section along the layer surface of the base material layer 231 and extends in one direction (vertical direction in the present embodiment), and is spaced in a direction different from the extending direction (horizontal direction in the present embodiment). Are arranged in a plurality.
- An interval (groove) having a substantially trapezoidal cross section is formed between adjacent light transmission portions 34.
- the interval (groove) has a long lower bottom on the upper bottom side (first optical sheet 30 side) of the light transmission portion 233, and on the lower bottom side (base material layer 231 side) of the light transmission portion 233.
- the light absorption part 234 is formed by having a trapezoidal cross section having a short upper base and filling a necessary material described later.
- a plurality of light transmission parts 233 are connected by a sheet-like base part 232a on the lower bottom side (base material layer 231 side).
- the refractive indexes of the light transmission part 233 and the light absorption part 234 can be considered in the same manner as the light transmission part 33 and the light absorption part 34 of the optical sheet 30.
- the optical function layer 232 is not particularly limited, but can be formed in the following shape, for example.
- FIG. 16 shows a further enlarged view of a part of FIG. 15 (upper part of FIG. 15).
- ⁇ 41 shown in FIG. 16 is an interface on one side of the left and right sides in the horizontal direction when the second optical sheet 230 is in the posture as shown in FIG. 12 among the interfaces between the light transmitting part 233 and the light absorbing part 234. 234a and an angle formed by the normal of the layer surface of the optical function layer 232.
- ⁇ 42 is the same as the interface 234b on the other side of the left and right sides in the horizontal direction when the second optical sheet 230 is in the posture as shown in FIG. 12 among the interfaces between the light transmitting portion 233 and the light absorbing portion 234.
- ⁇ 41 and ⁇ 42 are preferably 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less. The relationship between the angles of ⁇ 41 and ⁇ 42 can be set as necessary.
- the pitch between the light transmission part 233 and the light absorption part 235 represented by Pb in FIG. 15 is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the light absorption part 234 shown by Db in FIG. 15 is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 60 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less. By being within these ranges, the balance between light transmission and light absorption can be made more appropriate.
- the interface between the light transmitting portion 233 and the light absorbing portion 234 is linear in the cross section, but not limited to this, it may be a polygonal line shape, a convex curve shape, a concave curve shape, or the like. Also good.
- the cross-sectional shape may be the same in the some light transmission part 233 and the light absorption part 234, and a different cross-sectional shape may have regularity.
- the direction in which the light transmission unit 233 and the light absorption unit 235 extend is vertical, but from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of moire, the direction in which the light transmission unit 233 and the light absorption unit 234 extend is the liquid crystal layer 12. It is preferable to have an angle in the front view of the video source unit with respect to the pixel arrangement direction (bias angle ⁇ 3 ). This specific angle of the bias angle alpha 3 is not limited in particular as long prevent moire, it is preferably 1 ° to 10 °.
- the light exit side light control layer 235 controls the direction of the light emitted from the optical function layer 232 and emits the light.
- the light emission side light control layer 235 controls the direction of the light controlled by the optical function layer 232 so that the emitted light has a desired light emission angle. More specifically, the light is controlled so that the light emitted from the outer peripheral portion side of the sheet travels in a direction inclined toward the center side with respect to the sheet normal direction.
- the light emission side light control layer 235 includes a support layer 235a and an optical element layer 235b.
- the support layer 235a is a transparent sheet-like member that functions as a support for the optical element layer 235b, and can be considered similarly to the support layer 35a of the optical sheet 30.
- the optical element layer 235b is a layer that changes the direction of light emitted from the optical function layer 232, and a plurality of unit optical elements 235c are arranged on the surface of the support layer 235a opposite to the optical function layer 232 side. Being done.
- the optical element layer 235b is disposed on the support layer 235a.
- the optical element layer 235b is not limited thereto, and the optical element layer 235b is on the opposite side of the surface of the base material layer 231 from the side on which the optical functional layer 232 is disposed. It may be placed directly on the surface.
- the light output side light control layer is composed of only the optical element layer 235b without having a support layer.
- the optical element layer 235b is configured such that the light emitted to the outer peripheral side of the sheet in the direction in which the plurality of unit optical elements 235c are arranged with respect to the light controlled by the optical function layer 232 (in this embodiment, the horizontal direction)
- This is a layer that changes the direction of light so that light is emitted in a direction inclined toward the center side of the sheet normal direction.
- the unit optical element 235c has a triangular prism shape having a triangular cross section protruding to the side opposite to the optical functional layer 232 side, and the ridge line of the unit optical element 235c has a light transmitting portion.
- the plurality of unit optical elements 235c are arranged in a direction (horizontal direction in this embodiment) different from the extending direction. When the ridgeline of the unit optical element 235c is configured to extend at an angle in the front view of the optical sheet with respect to the direction in which the light transmitting portion 233 and the light absorbing portion 234 extend (bias angle ⁇ 4 ⁇ 0 °).
- the direction in which the light transmitting portion 233 of the optical functional layer 232 extends and the direction in which the ridge line of the unit optical element 235c extends are relatively inclined at 0 ° ⁇ 4 ⁇ 45 °. It is preferable to extend so as to. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of moire due to the arrangement structure of the light transmission part 233 and the light absorption part 234 and the arrangement structure of the unit optical elements 235c.
- alpha 4 to be greater than 45 ° the efficiency of the directional control of the light is reduced by the unit optical element 235c.
- a more preferable angle is 1 ° ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ 10 °.
- the cross-sectional shape of the unit optical element 235c in the direction in which the unit optical elements 235c are arranged is at one end side and the other end side of the optical element layer 235b. as well as a symmetrical with respect to the sheet center, between the one end and the other side portion in the sheet central portion without a unit optical element 235c is provided (the portion of the W 3 in FIG. 15). That is, this portion is flat, and it can be said that the angle ( ⁇ 51 in FIG. 16) of the main refractive surface of the unit optical element with respect to the sheet surface normal is 90 °.
- the symmetrical unit optical elements 235c may be configured to be adjacent to each other with the sheet center interposed therebetween.
- the unit optical elements adjacent to each other with the sheet center interposed therebetween are symmetrical, a line appears at the boundary portion, and this may be visually recognized. Accordingly, it is preferable that the unit optical element does not exist at least in the center of the sheet and is flat.
- the mold surface of the portion that should be the center of the sheet is: What is necessary is just to pile up and process this part so that a cutting tool may straddle.
- Such an arrangement of the plurality of unit optical elements 235c can be configured following a linear Fresnel lens, for example.
- the unit optical element 235c has a main refracting surface 235d and a rise surface 235e, as can be seen from FIG.
- the main refracting surface 235d and the rise surface 235e form two triangular prism surfaces, and the other surface overlaps the support layer 235a and is fixed to the support layer 235a.
- the main refracting surface 235d has the posture shown in FIGS. 12 to 16 so that the light emitted from the optical functional layer 232 in the horizontal direction travels at an angle inclined toward the center with respect to the sheet normal.
- the main refracting surface 235d when attention is paid to one main refracting surface 235d, it is inclined in a direction away from the optical function layer 232 (a more protruding direction) toward the sheet center side. Accordingly, when paying attention to one unit optical element 235c, the main refracting surface 235d is the sheet outer peripheral side, and the rise surface 235e is the sheet central side.
- the inclination of the main refracting surface 235d has an angle of ⁇ 51 as shown in FIG. 16 with respect to the normal direction of the optical function layer 232.
- the specific angle of ⁇ 51 is preferably greater than 45 ° and less than 90 ° (the absolute value of the inclination angle of the main refractive surface is greater than 45 ° and less than 90 °). As a result, it is possible to reliably perform light control for improving luminance (light emission angle control) in a desired direction. If ⁇ 51 is 45 ° or less, there is a possibility that the amount of light that is totally reflected by the main refractive surface 235d and not emitted is increased. Further, when ⁇ 51 is 90 ° or more, the function as the main refracting surface can hardly be exhibited. More preferable ⁇ 51 is 80 ° or more and 89 ° or less.
- ⁇ 51 is preferably different between the central unit optical element 235c and the outer peripheral unit optical element 235c in the direction in which the unit optical elements 235c are arranged (horizontal direction in this embodiment). As a result, the light can be controlled with higher accuracy. More preferably, ⁇ 51 decreases from the unit optical element 235c on the central side to the unit optical element 235c on the outer peripheral side. Thereby, it is possible to efficiently control the traveling direction of light toward the center.
- the rise surface 235e is a surface required for forming the main refractive surface 235d.
- the inclination angle of the rise surface 235e represented by ⁇ 52 in FIG. 16 is preferably 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less with respect to the direction along the light exit surface of the optical function layer 232. From the viewpoint of production, 80 ° or more and 90 ° or less is more preferable. Further, if ⁇ 52 is less than 80 ° and greater than 100 °, stray light from the rise surface 235e may increase.
- the vertex angle of the unit optical element 235c is naturally determined from the above ⁇ 51 and ⁇ 52, but is preferably 45 ° or more and less than 90 °.
- the pitch of the unit optical elements 235c indicated by P p in FIG. 15 is preferably smaller from the viewpoint of making it difficult to see even if moire occurs by reducing the moire pitch.
- the pitch P p is 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the pitch P p of the unit optical elements 235c is larger than the pitch P b of the light transmitting portion 233 of the optical functional layer 232 (see FIG. 15). The smaller one is desirable. More preferably, P p is less than or equal to 1/2 of P b .
- P p is set to an equal pitch such as P b / 2, P b / 3, P b / 4, the end of the light transmitting portion 233 and the end of the unit optical element 235c do not coincide as much as possible. That is. In other words, it is desirable that the least common multiple of P p and P b is larger. On the other hand, when the unit optical element 235c is small, the accuracy is lowered. Therefore, P p is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- P mx ( ⁇ m) is 10,000 ( ⁇ m) or less, where P b ( ⁇ m) is the arrangement pitch of the light transmission parts 233 and P p ( ⁇ m) is the arrangement pitch of the unit optical elements 235c. P mx can be considered in the same manner as described above.
- Protruding height from the support layer 235a of the unit optical elements 235c shown in D p in FIG. 15 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more 10 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness is smaller than this, the processing accuracy may be deteriorated and a problem that a streak line is visually recognized may occur. If the thickness is larger than this, moire is likely to occur between the light absorbing portion 234 and the unit optical element 235c.
- the plurality of unit optical elements 235c are continuously arranged without gaps.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and a space is provided between adjacent unit optical elements 235c, and the surface of the support layer 235a is exposed in this portion. An aspect may be sufficient.
- the main refracting surface 235d of the unit optical element 235c is linear in the cross section shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and may be concave, convex, or polygonal. Further, the main refractive surface 235d and the rise surface 235e may be roughened. Thereby, it is possible to scatter light and suppress the generation of moire.
- the method of making the main refracting surface 235d and the rise surface 235e rough is not particularly limited. However, the unit optical element may be directly blasted, or the mold for molding the unit optical element may be blasted. To do.
- the plurality of unit optical elements 235c do not necessarily have the same shape, and may be changed as appropriate.
- the support layer 235a is provided on the light emission side light control layer 235.
- the support layer 235a is not necessarily provided, and the optical element layer 235b may be directly formed on the base material layer 231.
- the surface of the base material layer 231 that forms the interface with the optical element layer 235b is a rough surface, and the refractive index of the base material layer 231 is different from the refractive index of the optical element layer 235b. Can do. According to this, light is scattered by the rough surface, and the generation of moire can be suppressed.
- the light emission side light control layer does not necessarily need to be integrated with the base material layer or the optical function layer, and may be provided separately. Therefore, an air layer may be formed between the light output side light control layer and the base material layer or the optical functional layer, or another functional layer may be disposed.
- the support layer 235a and the optical element layer 235b (unit optical element 235c) of the light output side light control layer 235 can be configured by the same material as the support layer 35a and the optical element layer 35b of the optical sheet 30 described above. .
- the second optical sheet 230 can also be manufactured as described above following the optical sheet 30.
- the operation of the image source unit 210 having the above configuration will be described with an example of the optical path.
- the optical path example is conceptual for explanation, and does not strictly represent the degree of reflection or refraction.
- the process from the light source 25 to the light control member 229 is the same as the optical path example described in the video source unit 10, and the description thereof is omitted (see FIG. 2).
- the light incident on the light control member 229 first enters the first optical sheet 30 and travels with the following optical path.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the optical path in the first optical sheet 30.
- the light transmission portions 33 and the light absorption portions 34 are similar to the light L 171 and the light L 172 illustrated in FIG. Out of the interface with 34, it goes to the interface 34 a on the upper side of the light absorbing portion 34. Then, the light is totally reflected at the interface 34a to become light obliquely above the viewer side, and the light is controlled in a desired direction.
- the interface 34b which is the lower side of the light absorption unit 34 among the interfaces between the light transmission unit 33 and the light absorption unit 34, is inclined obliquely upward toward the observer side, the light L 171 , It becomes difficult for the light absorption part 34 to inhibit the progress of light such as the light L 172 , and more light can be guided in a desired direction.
- the light L 173 shown in FIG. 17 is obliquely upward on the viewer side, and travels at an angle that transmits through the interface without being totally reflected by the interface 34b between the light transmitting unit 33 and the light absorbing unit 34.
- the light is absorbed by the light absorbing portion 34 through the interface 34b.
- it is possible to efficiently absorb and block light emitted at a light emission angle equal to or greater than a desired angle, and it is possible to efficiently control the light traveling direction.
- such light is incident on the liquid crystal panel and there is a high possibility of causing problems such as a decrease in contrast and color reversal and a decrease in image quality, such light can be absorbed.
- the direction of the light transmitted through the optical functional layer 32 is further changed in the optical element layer 35b.
- the light L 171 and L 172 shown in FIG. 17 are refracted and emitted further upward on the main refracting surface 35d. Thereby, the light emission angle can be further shifted (shifted) upward.
- the first optical sheet 30 (FIG. 8) is compared with the case where the light output side light control layer 35 is not provided (A in FIG. 8).
- the light emission to the light emission angle upward in the vertical direction can be increased efficiently.
- Such adjustment of the light exit angle is difficult to perform only with the optical function layer 32, or even if it is performed, problems such as a decrease in luminance are often accompanied.
- the light output angle can be efficiently controlled by further including the optical element layer 35b.
- the optical element layer 35b for controlling light in this way has a simple configuration as described above, and has an effect with such a simple configuration.
- FIG. 15 shows an example of an optical path in the second optical sheet 230.
- the light L 151 to the light L 156 shown in FIG. The light is totally reflected at the interface and the direction of light is changed so as to approach the normal of the sheet surface. This facilitates control of desired light in the optical element layer 235b.
- the light L 157 is light that originally travels in a direction close to the front direction in the horizontal direction, and passes through the light transmission unit 233 without reaching the light absorption unit 234.
- the light L 158 shown in FIG. 15 is light that travels at a large angle with respect to the front surface in the horizontal direction. Since this light travels at an angle that transmits through the interface without being totally reflected at the interface between the light transmission part 233 and the light absorption part 234, the light passes through the interface and is absorbed by the light absorption part 234. As a result, it is possible to efficiently absorb and block the light emitted at a desired angle or more, and to control the traveling direction of the light efficiently. Further, since such light is incident on the liquid crystal panel and there is a high possibility of causing problems such as a decrease in contrast and color inversion, such light can be absorbed.
- the direction of the light transmitted through the optical function layer 232 is further changed in the optical element layer 235b.
- the light can be emitted so that the light travels while being inclined toward the center with respect to the normal to the sheet surface. Since the light L 155 , L 156 , and L 157 are transmitted through a portion that does not include the unit optical element 235 c, light close to the front is emitted in the horizontal direction, and the light is provided to the front observer as it is.
- FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B are diagrams for explaining the characteristics of light emitted from the sheet in the horizontal direction.
- the horizontal axis represents the light emission angle with respect to the normal direction of the sheet surface in the horizontal direction, with positive being on the right and negative on the left.
- the vertical axis represents the relative luminance when a certain luminance is 100%.
- FIG. 18A shows an example in which the light emission side light control layer 235 is not provided. In this case, since the light is emitted while the light emission angle is regulated by the optical function layer, it is only in a direction having a small inclination with respect to the normal to the sheet surface (in the example of FIG. 18A, approximately ⁇ 30 °).
- FIG. 18B shows an example in which the light emission side light control layer 235 is provided as in this embodiment.
- the unit optical element 235c (on the one side of the sheet outer peripheral end portion is provided by the unit optical element 235c disposed at the sheet outer peripheral end portion of the light emission side light control layer 235.
- the peak in the emission direction of the light emitted from each of C 1 ) and the other unit optical element 235c (C 2 ) can be controlled to shift in the sheet surface normal direction (0 ° direction). Further, in the center portion of the sheet where the unit optical element 235c is not formed, which is formed between the unit optical elements 235c at both outer peripheral ends, as shown by D, the light is directly in the direction close to the normal direction of the sheet surface. Idemitsu. As a result, the light emitted from the edge of the screen is also inclined so as to be directed in the direction that the observer is viewing, so even when the screen is wide or the screen is viewed from a slight angle, the outer peripheral edge of the screen It can prevent that the site
- the light output angle can be efficiently controlled by providing the optical element layer 235b as in the second optical sheet 230.
- the optical element layer 235b for controlling light in this way is a simple structure as mentioned above, and there exists an effect by such a simple structure.
- Such a light control member 229 By transmitting light through such a light control member 229, it is possible to control light emitted from the outer peripheral end in the horizontal direction while emitting light in a desired direction in the vertical direction. Such control can be efficiently performed with a simple configuration.
- the light emitted from the light control member 229 enters the lower polarizing plate 14 of the liquid crystal panel 15.
- the lower polarizing plate 14 transmits one polarization component of incident light and absorbs the other polarization component.
- the light transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 14 selectively passes through the upper polarizing plate 13 according to the state of electric field application to each pixel.
- the liquid crystal panel 15 selectively transmits light from the surface light source device 220 for each pixel, so that an observer of the liquid crystal display device can observe an image. At that time, the image light is provided to the observer through the functional film 40, and the quality of the image is improved.
- first optical sheet 30 and the second optical sheet 230 are combined and applied as the light control member 229 .
- the two are not necessarily combined, and the first optical sheet 30 is not necessarily combined.
- the second optical sheet 230 may be applied alone.
- each optical sheet may be properly used or combined.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating the fourth embodiment, and is an exploded perspective view of the image source unit 30 including the optical sheet 330.
- 20 is a part of an exploded cross-sectional view of the image source unit 310 cut along a line indicated by XX-XX in FIG. 19, and FIG. 21 shows an image cut along a line indicated by XXI-XXI.
- a part of the exploded sectional view of the source unit 310 is shown.
- the video source unit 310 includes a power source that operates the video source unit 310 and an electronic circuit that controls the video source unit 310 in a housing (not shown).
- the display device is housed together with normal equipment required for operation.
- a liquid crystal video source unit is described as one mode of the video source unit
- a liquid crystal display device is described as one mode of the display device.
- the video source unit 310 includes the liquid crystal panel 15, the surface light source device 320, and the functional film 40.
- the optical sheet 330 is included in the surface light source device 320.
- 19 to 21 also show the orientation in the posture in which the display device is installed.
- the liquid crystal panel 15 and the functional film 40 are the same as the video source unit 10, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
- the surface light source device 320 is an illuminating device that is disposed on the side opposite to the viewer side from the liquid crystal panel 15 and emits planar light to the liquid crystal panel 15. As can be seen from FIGS. 19 to 21, the surface light source device 320 of this embodiment is also configured as an edge light type surface light source device, and includes a light guide plate 21, a light source 25, a light diffusing plate 26, a prism layer 27, and a reflective polarizing plate. 28, an optical sheet 330 and a reflection sheet 39.
- the components other than the optical sheet 330 are the same as the surface light source device 20 of the video source unit 10 described above, the components other than the optical sheet 330 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the surface light source device 30 and description thereof is omitted.
- the unit prisms 27a of the prism layer 27 extend in the light guide direction of the light guide plate, and the plurality of unit prisms 27a are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the light guide direction of the light guide plate.
- FIG. 22 shows an enlarged view of a part of the optical sheet 330 from the viewpoint of FIG.
- the optical sheet 330 is provided on the base layer 31 formed in a sheet shape and on one surface of the base layer 31 (the surface on the light guide plate 21 side in this embodiment).
- An optical function layer 332 and a light incident side light control layer 335 functioning as a light control layer are provided.
- the base material layer 31 is the same as the base material layer 31 provided on the optical sheet 30 of the image source unit 10 described above, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
- the optical function layer 332 is a layer laminated on one surface of the base material layer 31 (in this embodiment, the surface on the light guide plate 21 side), and the light transmission portions 333 and the light absorption portions 334 are alternately arranged along the layer surface. ing.
- the optical functional layer 332 has a shape having the cross section shown in FIG. 22 and extending toward the back / near side of the paper (horizontal direction when the image source unit 310 is viewed from the front). That is, in the cross section shown in FIG. 22, the light transmitting portion 333 having a substantially trapezoidal shape and the light absorbing portion 334 having a substantially trapezoidal cross section formed between two adjacent light transmitting portions 333 are provided.
- the light transmission part 333 is a part whose main function is to transmit light.
- the base layer 31 has a long lower bottom, and the opposite side (light guide plate 21 Element having a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape having a short upper base on the side, light incident side light control layer 335 side).
- the light transmitting portion 333 maintains the cross section along the layer surface of the base material layer 31 and extends in the above-described direction (horizontal direction in the present embodiment), and in a direction different from the extending direction (vertical direction in the present embodiment). Arranged at intervals.
- An interval (groove) having a substantially trapezoidal cross section is formed between adjacent light transmission portions 333.
- the interval (groove) has a long lower base on the upper bottom side (light guide plate 21 side, light incident side light control layer 335 side) of the light transmission portion 333, and the lower bottom side (liquid crystal) of the light transmission portion 333.
- the light absorption part 334 is formed by having a trapezoidal cross section having a short upper base on the panel 15 side and the base material layer 31 side and filling a necessary material described later.
- adjacent light transmission parts 333 are connected by a sheet-like connection part 332a on the long bottom side.
- the idea about the material and refractive index which comprise the light transmission part 333 and the light absorption part 334 is the same as the light transmission part 33 and the light absorption part 334 of the optical sheet 30 mentioned above.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining angles ⁇ 61 and ⁇ 62 formed by the interface between the light transmitting portion 333 and the light absorbing portion 334 with respect to the normal of the layer surface of the optical function layer 332.
- FIG. 23 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. ⁇ 61 is an interface 334 a that is on the upper side of the light absorbing portion 334 when the optical sheet 330 is in the posture as shown in FIG. 19 among the interfaces between the light transmitting portion 333 and the light absorbing portion 334, and the optical functional layer 332.
- ⁇ 62 is an angle formed by the interface 334 b below the light absorbing portion 334 among the interfaces of the light transmitting portion 333 and the light absorbing portion 334 in the same posture and the normal line of the layer surface of the optical function layer 332.
- ⁇ 61 is preferably 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less.
- ⁇ 61 is inclined so as to fall from the light guide plate 21 side (light incident side, light incident side light control layer 335) toward the liquid crystal panel 15 side (light output side, base material layer 31 side).
- the angle is more preferably 4.0 ° or less, further preferably 1.0 ° or less, and particularly preferably 0 °. If ⁇ 61 is smaller than 0 °, manufacturing becomes difficult.
- ⁇ 61 is larger than 10 °, the effect of controlling the direction of light by the optical function layer 332 is reduced in combination with the light incident side light control layer 335.
- ⁇ 61 is larger than 10 °, the size of the light absorbing portions 334 in the arrangement direction (the width of the light absorbing portions, the vertical size in the drawing in FIG. 23) increases, and the light transmittance decreases. Tend to occur.
- ⁇ 62 is preferably 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less. If ⁇ 62 is greater than 0 °, the angle is such that it rises from the light guide plate 21 side (light incident side, light incident side light control layer 335) toward the liquid crystal panel 15 side (light output side, substrate layer 31 side). Means. More preferably, it is 5.0 degrees or less, More preferably, it is 3.0 degrees or less. Thereby, it is possible to increase the amount of light traveling upward while preventing a decrease in light transmittance.
- ⁇ 62 is larger than 10 °, the size of the light absorbing portion 334 in the arrangement direction (the width of the light absorbing portion, the vertical size in the drawing of FIG. 23) increases, and the light transmittance decreases. There is a tendency to reduce the upward light.
- the relationship between the angles of ⁇ 61 and ⁇ 62 is preferably ⁇ 61 ⁇ 62 .
- the upper viewing angle can be made wider than the lower viewing angle.
- the optical function layer 332 is not particularly limited.
- the light transmission part 333 and the light absorption part 334 are formed as follows. That is, the pitch between the light transmitting part 333 and the light absorbing part 334 represented by Pc in FIG. 22 is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. And the thickness of the light absorption part 334 shown by Dc in FIG. 22 is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 60 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less. By being within these ranges, the balance between light transmission and light absorption can be made more appropriate.
- the interface between the light transmitting portion 333 and the light absorbing portion 334 is linear in the cross section, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the interface is a polygonal line shape, a convex curved surface, a concave curved surface, It may be.
- the cross-sectional shape may be the same in the some light transmissive part 333 and the light absorption part 334, and it may have a different cross-sectional shape with regularity.
- the light incident side light control layer 335 functions as a light control layer, changes the direction of light incident on the optical function layer 332 in advance, and the light incident side light control layer 335 and the optical function layer 332 move in a desired direction. Controls light emission.
- the light incident side light control layer 335 is configured to change the direction of light so that light traveling in the normal direction of the optical sheet 330 is directed in a desired direction. More specifically, in this embodiment, in the posture of FIGS. 19 to 22, the function of changing the direction of light so that the light traveling toward the viewer in the normal direction of the optical sheet 330 is directed obliquely downward on the viewer side. To do. As a result, as will be described later, the light can be reflected by the upper interface 334a between the light transmitting portion 333 and the light absorbing portion 334, and can be made to go obliquely upward.
- the light incident side light control layer 335 includes a support layer 335a and an optical element layer 335b.
- the support layer 335a is a transparent sheet-like member that functions as a support for the optical element layer 335b.
- the support layer 335a can be made of the same material as that of the base material layer 31 and the light transmission portion 333.
- the optical element layer 335b is a layer that changes the direction of light incident on the optical function layer 332, and a plurality of optical element layers 335b are provided on the surface of the support layer 335a opposite to the surface on which the optical function layer 332 is disposed.
- the unit optical elements 335c are arranged in a layer.
- the unit optical element 335c is configured to change the direction of light so that the light traveling in the normal direction of the optical sheet 330 is directed in one direction as described above, and in this embodiment, the posture of FIGS. Thus, the direction of the light is changed so as to go obliquely downward with respect to the light traveling in the normal direction of the optical sheet 330.
- the unit optical element 335c specifically has the following structure.
- the plurality of unit optical elements 335c are arranged in a direction different from the extending direction.
- the unit optical elements 335c ridge extends direction relative bias angle alpha 5 for 0 ° greater than 45 ° or less of It preferably extends so as to be inclined.
- the angle alpha 5 larger than 45 °, the efficiency of the light direction control is degraded due to unit optical elements 335c.
- a more preferable angle ⁇ 5 is not less than 1 ° and not more than 10 °.
- the unit optical element 335c has a main refracting surface 335d and a rise surface 335e, as can be seen from FIG.
- the main refracting surface 335d and the rise surface 335e form two triangular prisms, and the other surface overlaps the support layer 335a and is fixed to the support layer 335a.
- the main refracting surface 335d is a refracting surface that functions to change the direction of light obliquely downward with respect to the light traveling in the normal direction of the optical sheet 330 in the postures of FIGS. Therefore, the main refracting surface 335d is inclined so as to be close to the support layer 335a (optical function layer 332) on the upper side in the vertical direction and to be separated from the support layer 335a (optical function layer 332) on the lower side in the vertical direction.
- the inclination represented by ⁇ 71 in FIG. 23 has an angle with respect to the direction along the light incident surface 332 b of the optical function layer 332.
- the specific angle of ⁇ 71 is preferably larger than 0 ° and smaller than 17 °. Thereby, it is possible to control the light for improving the luminance in the desired direction more reliably.
- the rise surface 335e is a surface required for forming the main refractive surface 335d. However, as will be described later, the light incident from the rise surface 335e is refracted here and travels through the optical function layer 332 at an angle that is easily absorbed by the light absorbing portion 334. It also has a function of blocking more reliably.
- the inclination of the rise surface 335e represented by ⁇ 72 is preferably 90 ° or less with respect to the direction along the light incident surface 332b of the optical function layer 332. If this angle is 90 ° or more, manufacturing becomes difficult. On the other hand, ⁇ 72 is preferably 73 ° or more.
- the angle formed by the main refracting surface 335d and the rise surface 335e can be 90 ° or an angle close thereto, and the light incident on the main refracting surface 335d from the normal direction of the main refracting surface 335d Since it can proceed in a direction nearly parallel to 335e, it is possible to suppress stray light from being reflected by the rise surface 335e.
- Pitch of unit optical elements 335c shown in P q in FIG. 22, is preferably less than the pitch P c of the light absorbing portion 334, such as 2 / 3,2 / 5 with respect to P c, not be an integral multiple pitch More preferably. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of moire due to the light absorbing portion 334 and the unit optical element 335c. More preferably, Pq is 3 ⁇ m or more while satisfying the above conditions. If Pq is smaller than this, there is a problem that the machining accuracy deteriorates. Further, the projecting height from the support layer 335a of the unit optical elements 335c shown in FIG. 22 D q is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more 15 ⁇ m or less. If it is smaller than this, there is a problem that the processing accuracy is deteriorated, and if it is larger than this, moire tends to occur between the light absorbing portion 334 and the unit optical element 335c.
- the plurality of unit optical elements 335c are continuously arranged without gaps.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and a space is provided between adjacent unit optical elements 335c, and the surface of the support layer 335a is exposed in this portion. An aspect may be sufficient.
- the plurality of unit optical elements 335c do not necessarily have the same shape, and may be changed as appropriate.
- the support layer 335 a and the optical element layer 335 b (unit optical element 335 c) of the light incident side light control layer 335 can be made of the same material as the base layer 31 and the light transmission portion 33 described above.
- optical path example is conceptual for explanation, and does not strictly represent the degree of reflection or refraction.
- the light emitted from the light source 25 enters the light guide plate 21 from a light incident surface that is a side surface (end surface) of the light guide plate 21.
- FIG. 20 shows an example of an optical path of light L 201 and L 202 incident on the light guide plate 21 from the light source 25 as an example.
- the light L 201 and L 202 incident on the light guide plate 21 repeats total reflection due to a difference in refractive index with air on the light exit side surface of the light guide plate 21 and the back surface on the opposite side, thereby guiding the light in the light guide direction. Proceed to (downward direction in FIG. 20).
- the back optical element 23 is disposed on the back surface of the light guide plate 21.
- the light L 201 and L 202 traveling in the light guide plate 21 has their traveling direction changed by the back optical element 23 and incident on the light exit surface and the back surface at an incident angle less than the total reflection critical angle.
- the light can be emitted from the light exit surface of the light guide plate 21 and the back surface on the opposite side.
- Lights L 201 and L 202 emitted from the light exit surface travel toward the light diffusion plate 26 disposed on the light exit side of the light guide plate 21.
- the light emitted from the back surface is reflected by the reflection sheet 39 disposed on the back surface of the light guide plate 21, enters the light guide plate 21 again, and travels through the light guide plate 21.
- the light traveling in the light guide plate 21 and the light whose direction is changed by the back surface optical element 23 and reaching the light exit surface at an incident angle less than the total reflection critical angle are in each area along the light guide direction in the light guide plate 21. Arise. For this reason, the light traveling in the light guide plate 21 is gradually emitted from the light exit surface. Thereby, the light quantity distribution along the light guide direction of the light emitted from the light exit surface of the light guide plate 21 can be made uniform.
- the light emitted from the light guide plate 21 then reaches the light diffusion plate 26 and the uniformity is improved.
- the light diffused or condensed by the prism layer 27 as necessary and emitted from the prism layer 27 reaches the reflective polarizing plate 28.
- the light in the polarization direction along the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing plate 28 passes through the reflective polarizing plate 28 and travels toward the optical sheet 330.
- the light in the polarization direction along the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing plate 28 is reflected and returned to the light guide plate 21 side as indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG.
- the returned light is reflected by the light guide plate 21, the back surface optical element 23, or the reflection sheet 39 and travels again toward the reflective polarizing plate 28.
- the polarization direction of a part of the light is changed, and a part of the light is transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 28.
- Other light is returned to the light guide plate side again.
- the light reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 28 can be transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 28 by repeating the reflection.
- the utilization factor of the light from the light source 25 is increased.
- the light emitted from the reflective polarizing plate 28 has a polarization direction in a direction along the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate 14, and is polarized light that is transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 14.
- FIG. 24 shows an example of an optical path in the optical sheet 330.
- the light L 201 and the light L 202 shown in FIG. 20 and the light L 241 and the light L 242 shown in FIG. 24 are incident on the main refractive surface 335d of the unit optical element 335c, and are incident on the main refractive surface 335d.
- the light is transmitted through the main refracting surface 335d without being refracted or refracted (the light incident from the direction orthogonal to the inclined surface of the main refracting surface 335d is transmitted through the main refracting surface 335d without being refracted (light L 242 )). .)
- a large amount of light becomes light directed obliquely downward on the viewer side, and this is directed toward the interface 334 a that is on the upper side of the light absorbing portion 334 among the interfaces between the light transmitting portion 333 and the light absorbing portion 334.
- the light is totally reflected at the interface 334a to become light obliquely above the viewer side, and the light is controlled in a desired direction.
- the light can be directed upward.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 61 (see FIG. 23) of the interface 334a is 0 °
- the light can be directed upward.
- the interface 334b which is the lower side of the light absorption unit 334 among the interfaces between the light transmission unit 333 and the light absorption unit 334, is inclined so as to go obliquely upward on the viewer side, the light L 201 , the light It becomes difficult for the light absorption part 334 to inhibit the progress of light such as L 202 , light L 241 , and light L 242 , and more light can be guided in a desired direction.
- the optical sheet 330 light is efficiently directed in a desired direction by combining the inclination angle of the main refractive surface 335c represented by ⁇ 71 in FIG. 23 and the inclination angle of the interface 334a represented by ⁇ 61 in FIG. It is easy to guide. In either case, there is a limit in the direction of light to be guided, and it becomes possible to control the traveling direction of light more easily by acting synergistically by the combination.
- the light L 203 shown in FIG. 20 and the L 243 shown in FIG. 24 are incident on the rise surface 335e of the unit optical element 335c, and rise without being refracted or refracted according to the incident angle to the rise surface 335e.
- the surface 335e is transmitted. In this way, most of the light transmitted through the rise surface 335e is obliquely above the observer side, and the angle at which the light is transmitted through the interface without being totally reflected by the interface 334b between the light transmitting part 333 and the light absorbing part 334. Therefore, the light passes through the interface 334b and is absorbed by the light absorbing portion 334.
- the light emitted from the optical sheet 330 enters the lower polarizing plate 14 of the liquid crystal panel 15.
- the lower polarizing plate 14 transmits one polarization component of incident light and absorbs the other polarization component.
- the light transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 14 selectively passes through the upper polarizing plate 13 according to the state of electric field application to each pixel.
- the liquid crystal panel 15 selectively transmits light from the surface light source device 320 for each pixel, so that an observer of the liquid crystal display device can observe an image. At that time, the image light is provided to the observer through the functional film 40, and the quality of the image is improved.
- the light incident on the optical sheet 330 is directed upward due to refraction in the optical element layer 335b and total reflection at the interface 334a between the light transmitting portion 333 and the light absorbing portion 334.
- Emission is easy and emission in the downward direction is limited. That is, for example, by using the optical sheet 330, it is possible to efficiently emit the incident light upward in the driver viewpoint, and to improve the luminance of the light emitted upward.
- the light that is emitted upward is easily absorbed by the light absorbing portion, it is possible to prevent reflection on the windshield. Therefore, by using the optical sheet of this embodiment for a liquid crystal display device, it is possible to easily control light and improve visibility from the viewpoint of the driver as compared with the case where a conventional optical sheet is used.
- FIG. 25 is a graph in which the horizontal axis represents the viewing angle in the vertical direction and the vertical axis represents the relative luminance.
- positive (+) represents the upper direction in the vertical direction
- negative ( ⁇ ) represents the lower direction in the vertical direction.
- the peak of relative luminance is near + 20 ° (upper 20 ° in the vertical direction) as can be seen from the position indicated by D in FIG. That is, the light is controlled so that there is a luminance peak in a direction that is different from the front (0 °) from the viewpoint of the observer.
- the relative luminance suddenly decreases in the vicinity of + 50 ° (upper 50 ° in the vertical direction). That is, it is possible to more reliably block light that travels greatly upward that causes reflection on the windshield of an automobile.
- optical sheet and the image source unit were configured for each of the above forms, and the performance was tested.
- Example A following the example of the image source unit 10, a test was performed from the viewpoint of controlling the light exit direction of the optical sheet.
- Test Example A 1 to produce an optical sheet with changed theta 21 represented in FIG. 5
- video source unit 10 comprises a light exit-side light control layer 35.
- Specific shapes of the optical sheet other than ⁇ 21 are as follows.
- (Optical function layer) -Pitch of light transmitting part and light absorbing part (P a in FIG. 4): 39 ⁇ m - light-absorbing portion upper base width (W a in FIG. 4): 4 [mu] m ⁇
- Light absorber thickness D a in FIG.
- the angle of the main refractive surface ( ⁇ 21 in FIG. 5): 85 ° (Test Example A 1 -1), 80 ° (Test Example A 1 -2), 70 ° (Test Example A 1 -3), 60 ° ( test example A 1 -4)
- Test Example A 2 to produce an optical sheet with changed theta 31
- the angle of the rise surface was also constant at 90 °.
- the angles of the main refractive surfaces are 85 ° (Test Example A 2 -1), 80 ° (Test Example A 2 -2), 70 ° (Test Example A 2 -3), 60 ° (Test Example A 2-4 ).
- Test Example A 3 In Test Example A 3, the optical sheet in Test Example A 2 -2, the angle of the rise surface (corresponding to theta 22 in FIG. 5) 80 ° (Test Example A 3 -1), and 100 ° (Test Example A 3 -2). Otherwise the same as in Test Example A 2 -2.
- Test Example A 4 is an optical sheet excluding constituting the light exit-side light control layer from the optical sheet in Test Example A 1. Other sites were the same as the optical sheet in Test Example A 1.
- FIG. 27 shows the results of Test Example A 1
- FIG. 28 shows the results of Test Example A 2
- FIG. 29 shows the results of Test Example A 3
- test example A 1 -1 is A 1 -1
- test example A 1 -2 is A 1 -2
- test example A 1 -3 is A 1 -3
- test example A 1 -4 is A 1- It was represented by 4.
- test example A 2 -1 is A 2 -1
- test example A 2 -2 is A 2 -2
- test example A 2 -3 is A 2 -3
- test example A 2 -4 is A 2 -4.
- Test Example A 3 -1 to A 3 -1 Test Example A 3 -2 was expressed as A 3 -2.
- a 2 -2 is also displayed.
- the horizontal axis represents the viewing angle in the vertical direction, with positive being upward and negative being downward.
- the vertical axis represents the relative luminance when the light source characteristic shown in FIG. 26 is 100%.
- the optical sheet according to Test Examples A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 can efficiently control the light emission angle in a desired direction more finely than the optical sheet according to Test Example A 4. It was.
- Test Example B Following the example of the video source unit 210, the test was performed from the viewpoint of light emission direction control of the optical sheet.
- Test Example B 1 to prepare a light control member following the example of the light control member 229. Specific embodiments are as follows.
- unit optical element UV curable urethane acrylate resin having a refractive index of 1.50-Bias angle ⁇ 4 in the direction in which the unit optical element extends with respect to the direction in which the light transmission part extends: 5 °
- the above-described first optical sheet is disposed so that the direction in which the light transmission portion extends is the horizontal direction, and the second optical sheet is disposed so as to be on the light output side from the first optical sheet, thereby arranging the light control member. It was. At this time, the extending direction of the light transmission part of the second optical sheet was set to the vertical direction (see FIG. 12).
- Test Example B 2 use a light control member excluding the light exit-side light control layer of light outgoing side light control layer and a second optical sheet of the first optical sheet with respect to the light control member according to the above Test Example B 1 It was.
- Figure 31 is showing the evaluation results in the light control member of Test Example B 1.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 31A represents the light emission angle in the vertical direction, and the vertical axis represents the relative luminance with respect to 100% in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 31B represents the light emission angle in the horizontal direction, and the vertical axis represents the relative luminance with respect to 100% in FIG.
- Figure 32 is showing the evaluation results in the light control member of Test Example B 2.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 32A represents the light emission angle in the vertical direction, and the vertical axis represents the relative luminance with respect to 100% in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 32B represents the light emission angle in the horizontal direction, and the vertical axis represents the relative luminance with respect to 100% in FIG.
- Test Example C a test was performed from the viewpoint of preventing moire generation by a rough surface, in addition to the light output direction control, following the examples of the video source unit 10 and the video source unit 210.
- Test Example C 1 to produce an optical sheet for changing the surface roughness of the theta 21, and the refractive surface and the rise surface shown in FIG. 5
- video source unit 10 comprises a light exit-side light control layer 35.
- Specific forms in other parts are as follows.
- (Optical function layer) -Pitch of light transmitting part and light absorbing part (P a in FIG. 4): 39 ⁇ m - light-absorbing portion upper base width (W a in FIG. 4): 4 [mu] m ⁇
- Light absorber thickness D a in FIG.
- Test Example C 2 In Test Example C 2, instead of the optical sheet of Test Example C 1, to produce a video source unit comprising an optical sheet that follows the examples of the second optical sheet 230.
- the specific form is as follows. (Base material layer) ⁇ Material: Polycarbonate resin ⁇ Thickness: 130 ⁇ m
- unit optical element UV curable urethane acrylate resin having a refractive index of 1.50-Bias angle ⁇ 4 in the direction in which the unit optical element extends with respect to the direction in which the light transmission part extends: 4 ° -Formation of rough surfaces of refraction surface and rise surface (2 types): Molding with a molding die blasted with glass having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m, molding with a molding die blasting with alumina having an average particle size of 2 ⁇ m (see FIG. 33)
- Two types of rough unit optical elements were molded using the blasted mold, and an optical sheet was prepared for each.
- Test Example C 3 In Test Example C 3, in form of the optical sheet of Test Example C 1, and an optical sheet that does not form a rough surface on the primary refracting surface and rise surface.
- Test Example C 4 In Test Example C 4, with respect to the form of the optical sheet of Test Example C 2, and an optical sheet that does not form a rough surface on the primary refracting surface and rise surface.
- Test Example D in accordance with the example of the image source unit 10, in addition to the light emission direction control, the relationship between the arrangement pitch of the light transmission parts (light absorption parts) and the arrangement pitch of the unit optical elements is changed to generate moiré. Tested in view.
- P m
- P a ⁇ P o and a and b are integers of 1 or more and 10 or less. Then, for P a and P o , a combination from a 1 ⁇ (1 ⁇ ) pitch to a 10 ⁇ pitch is considered. Thereby, it is possible to evaluate the occurrence of moire in a wide range in consideration of the integer multiple pitch. Then, the maximum P m among all the combinations P m in which a and b are changed with respect to a certain combination of P a and P o is defined as P mx . In this example, P a is set to 39 ⁇ m and P o is changed. For this P mx , the case where moire was observed as a result was expressed as “present”, and the case where moire was not observed was expressed as “none”.
- the occurrence of moire can be prevented by adjusting the pitch (P a , P o ) so that P mx is 10000 ( ⁇ m) or less.
- Test Example E an optical sheet following the optical sheet 330 shown in FIGS. 19 to 23 and an optical sheet corresponding to the optical sheet were produced and tested.
- Optical function layer ⁇ Pitch (P c in FIG. 22): 39 ⁇ m - light-absorbing portion upper base width (W a in Figure 22): 4 [mu] m ⁇
- UV curable urethane acrylate resin with a refractive index of 1.56-Light absorption material and refractive index UV curable urethane acrylate resin with a refractive index of 1.49 containing carbon black Disperse 20% by mass of acrylic beads with an average particle size of 4 ⁇ m
- ⁇ Test Example E 4> As shown in FIG. 34, the main refractive surface of the unit optical element is inclined to the light source side from the bottom to the top, and the angle of the main refractive surface represented by ⁇ 81 in FIG. 34 is 5 °. . It is assumed that the inclination angle of the main refractive surface of the unit optical element is “ ⁇ 5 °”. Otherwise is the same as in Test Example E 1.
- the luminance at the following three viewing angles was measured, and when the light source was turned on with the optical sheet removed from the surface light source device of the example shown in FIG. It was expressed as a luminance ratio relative to when (1) A luminance ratio based on luminance (front luminance) from the screen center to the normal direction of the screen. (2) A luminance ratio by luminance at a viewing angle (so-called driver viewpoint) of 40 ° in the horizontal direction and 20 ° in the vertical direction from the center of the screen.
- the driver viewpoint means the position of the viewpoint when the display device is viewed from the driver's seat when the display device such as car navigation is arranged in the middle part between the driver's seat and the passenger seat of the automobile.
- the luminance was measured by using an automatic variable angle luminance meter (GP-500 Murakami Color Research Laboratory) at the viewing angles (1) to (3) described above.
- FIG. 35A shows the result of (1)
- FIG. 35B shows the result of (2)
- FIG. 35C shows the result of (3).
- the brightness ratio level at which the main refractive surface tilt angle ( ⁇ 71 in FIG. 23) is 0 ° is represented by a dotted line.
- the luminance ratio is higher than when the main refractive surface tilt angle is 0 °.
- High means that the front brightness is high.
- the luminance ratio is higher than when the main refractive surface tilt angle is 0 °. High means high brightness from the driver's point of view.
- the luminance ratio is lower than when the main refracting surface inclination angle is 0 °.
- the preferable results of (1) to (3) are all satisfied between two alternate long and short dash lines, and specifically, the main optical elements of the unit optical element provided in the light incident side light control layer
- the inclination angle of the refracting surface ( ⁇ 71 in FIG. 23) is larger than 0 ° and smaller than 17 °. According to this, it becomes possible to easily control light so as to satisfy a plurality of optical characteristics in a balanced manner.
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Abstract
Description
このように出光角度を制御する光学シートとして例えば特許文献1~特許文献3が開示されている。
Pm=|(a・Pa・b・Po)/(a・Pa-b・Po)|
として、あるPa、Poに対する全てのa、bの組み合わせから得られるPmのうち最も大きなものをPmx(μm)としたとき、前記Pmxが10000(μm)以下であるように構成してもよい。
このような映像源ユニット10は、詳細な説明は省略するが、不図示の筐体に、該映像源ユニット10を作動させる電源、及び映像源ユニット10を制御する電子回路等、映像源ユニット10として動作するために必要とされる通常の機器とともに納められて表示装置とされている。本形態は映像源ユニットの一態様として液晶映像源ユニット、表示装置の一態様として液晶表示装置を説明する。以下映像源ユニット10について説明する。
面光源装置20は、液晶パネル15を挟んで観察者側とは反対側に配置され、液晶パネル15に対して面状の光を出射する照明装置である。図1~図3よりわかるように、本形態の面光源装置20は、エッジライト型の面光源装置として構成され、導光板21、光源25、光拡散板26、プリズム層27、反射型偏光板28、光学シート30及び反射シート39を有している。
複数の裏面光学要素23の配列方向は導光方向であることが好ましい。すなわち、光源25から離隔する方向に配列され、光源25が配列される方向、又は1つの長い光源であれば該光源が延びる方向に平行に各裏面光学要素23の稜線が延びている。
なお、本形態では上記のように光源25は一方側の側面(端面)に配置される例を示したが、さらにこの側面(端面)とは反対側となる側面(端面)にも光源が配置される形態であってもよい。この場合には裏面光学要素の形状も当該光源の配置に適するように公知の例に倣って形成する。
光拡散板の具体的態様は、公知の光拡散板を用いることができ、例えば母材の中に光拡散剤を分散させた形態を挙げることができる。
光拡散板26は、本形態のようにプリズム層27の支持板として用いることもできる。また、導光板21の出光面が平滑の場合には、光拡散板26を導光板21に貼り合わせて一体としてもよい。
ただし、このようなプリズム層の単位プリズムの断面形状は、必要とする機能に応じて公知の形状(三角形、四角形、その他の多角形)を適用することができる。当該形状により上記のように集光することもできるし、逆に光をさらに拡散させることもできる。
また、単位プリズムが延びる方向及び配列される方向は上記形態に限定されることなく他の形態であってもよい。例えば単位プリズムが導光板の導光方向に延び、複数の単位プリズムが導光板の導光方向に対して直交する方向に配列される形態であってもよい。
基材層31をなす材料としては、種々の材料を使用することができる。ただし、表示装置に組み込まれる光学シート用の材料として広く使用され、優れた機械的特性、光学特性、安定性および加工性等を有するとともに安価に入手可能な材料を用いることができる。これには例えばポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂(PET)、トリアセチルセルロース樹脂(TAC)、メタクリル樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂等を挙げることができる。この中でも面光源装置20と下偏光板14との組み合わせを考慮して複屈折(リタデーション)の少ないTAC、メタクリル樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂を用いることが好ましい。さらには、車載用途などのように高い耐熱性が求められる用途では、ガラス転移点が高いポリカーボネート樹脂が望ましい。具体的にはポリカーボネート樹脂のガラス転移点は143℃であり、一般に105℃での耐久性が求められる車載用途に適している。
光透過部33は、基材層31の層面に沿って当該断面を維持して一方向(本形態では水平方向)に延びるとともに、この延びる方向とは異なる方向(本形態では鉛直方向)に間隔を有して複数配列される。そして、隣り合う光透過部33の間には、略台形断面を有する間隔(溝)が形成されている。従って、当該間隔(溝)は、光透過部33の上底側(導光板21側)に長い下底を有し、光透過部33の下底側(基材層31側)に短い上底を有する台形断面を有し、ここに後述する必要な材料が充填されることにより光吸収部34が形成される。
本形態では、複数の光透過部33がその下底側(基材層側31)でシート状の土台部32aにより連結されている。
屈折率Nrの値は特に限定されることはなく、当該全反射を適切に行えることを前提に1.47以上であることが好ましい。ただし、屈折率が高すぎる材料は割れやすい場合が多いので屈折率は1.61以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは1.49以上1.56以下、さらに好ましくは1.49である。
θ11は、0°以上10°以下であることが好ましい。θ11が0°より大きいとは導光板21側(入光側)から液晶パネル15側(出光側、基材層31側)に向けて下がるように傾斜することを意味する。
θ12は、0°以上10°以下であることが好ましい。θ12が0°より大きいとは導光板21側(入光側)から液晶パネル15側(出光側、基材層31側)に向けて上がるように傾斜することを意味する。
本形態では出光側光制御層35は光学機能層32から出光した光に対して光の向きを制御して出射する。すなわち、本形態で出光側光制御層35は、光学機能層32で制御された光の向きをさらに制御して、出光される光が所望の出光角度となるようにする。
支持層35aは光学要素層35bの支持体として機能する透明なシート状の部材である。支持層35aは上記した基材層31や光透過部33と同様の材料により構成することができる。
単位光学要素35cは、光学機能層32で制御した光に対してさらに方向制御を行う。本形態では図1~図3の姿勢で、視野角度を鉛直方向上方へ効率よくシフトさせるように制御する。図4、図5には単位光学要素35cの断面形状が表れている。
単位光学要素35cは、基材層31を挟んで光学機能層32側とは反対側に突出する三角形断面を有する三角柱状であり、当該断面を有してその稜線が光透過部33及び光吸収部34が延びる方向と同じ(バイアス角α2=0°)又は光学シートの正面視で角度を有して(バイアス角α2≠0°)延びる突条で構成されている。そして複数の単位光学要素35cが、当該延びる方向とは異なる方向に配列されている。
より好ましいθ21は80°以上89°以下である。θ21をこの範囲とすることにより、ライズ面35eを小さく抑えることができ、ライズ面35eによる迷光の発生を少なくすることが可能である。
図5にθ22で表したライズ面35eの傾斜角度は、光学機能層32の層面に沿った方向に対して80°以上100°以下であることが好ましい。製造上の観点から80°以上90°以下がより好ましい。また、θ22が80°未満、及び100°より大きくなるとライズ面35eによる迷光が多くなる虞がある。
また光学機能層32の方が光学要素層35bより製造難易度が高いことから、光学機能層32の光透過部33のピッチPa(図4参照)より、単位光学要素35cのピッチPoの方が小さい方が望ましい。さらに望ましくは、PoはPaの1/2以下である。最も望ましくはPoを、Pa/2、Pa/3、Pa/4など、等倍ピッチにしたときには、光透過部33の端部と単位光学要素35cの端部とができるだけ一致しないことである。言い換えると、PoとPaとの最小公倍数は大きい方が望ましい。
一方、単位光学要素35cが小さくなると、精度が低下することからPoは10μm以上であることが好ましい。
PmxはPmに基づいて得ることができ、Pmは次式で表される。
Pm=|(a・Pa・b・Po)/(a・Pa-b・Po)|
そして、あるPa、Poの組み合わせに対してa、bを変更した全ての組み合わせのPm中で最大のPmがPmxである。
また、主屈折面35d及びライズ面35eを粗面としてもよい。これにより光を散乱してモアレの発生を抑制することができる。主屈折面35d及びライズ面35eを粗面とする方法は特に限定されることはないが、単位光学要素に対して直接ブラスト処理をしたり、単位光学要素を成形する型にブラスト処理をしたりすることが挙げられる。
そして、複数の単位光学要素35cが必ずしも全て同じ形状である必要はなく、適宜変更してもよい。
このとき、基材層31の面のうち光学要素層35bとの界面を形成する面を粗面とするとともに、基材層31の屈折率と光学要素層35bの屈折率を異なるものとすることができる。これによれば、粗面により光が散乱し、モアレの発生を抑制することが可能である。
はじめに基材層31の一方の面に光透過部33を形成する。これは、光透過部33の形状を転写できる形状を表面に有する金型ロールと、これに対向するように配置されたニップロールとの間に、基材層31となる基材シートを挿入する。このとき、金型ロールとニップロールとの間に間隔を設けることによりこれが土台部32aとなる。そして、基材シートと金型ロールとの間に光透過部を構成する組成物を供給しながら金型ロール及びニップロールを回転させる。これにより金型ロールの表面に形成された光透過部に対応する溝(光透過部形状を反転した形状)に光透過部を構成する組成物が充填され、該組成物が金型ロールの表面形状に沿ったものとなる。
光吸収粒子を用いる場合には、カーボンブラック等の光吸収性の着色粒子が好ましく用いられるが、これらに限定されるものではなく、映像光の特性に合わせて特定の波長を選択的に吸収する着色粒子を使用してもよい。具体的には、カーボンブラック、グラファイト、黒色酸化鉄等の金属塩、染料、顔料等で着色した有機微粒子や着色したガラスビーズ等を挙げることができる。特に、着色した有機微粒子が、コスト面、品質面、入手の容易さ等の観点から好ましく用いられる。着色粒子の平均粒子径は1.0μm以上20μm以下であることが好ましく、1.0μm以上10μm以下であることがより好ましく、1.0μm以上4.0μm以下であることがさらに好ましい。
ここで「平均粒子径」とは、光吸収粒子を100個電子顕微鏡で観察してその直径を計り、算術平均した直径を意味する。
一方、反射型偏光板28の反射軸に沿った偏光方向の光は図2に点線矢印で示したように反射して導光板21側に戻される。戻された光は、導光板21、裏面光学要素23、又は反射シート39で反射して再び反射型偏光板28の側に進行する。この反射の際に一部の光の偏光方向が変化しており、その一部は反射型偏光板28を透過する。他の光は再び導光板側に戻される。このように反射型偏光板28で反射した光も反射を繰り返すことで反射型偏光板28を透過できるようになる。これにより光源25からの光の利用率が高められる。
ここで、反射型偏光板28を出射した光は、その偏光方向が下偏光板14の透過軸に沿った方向になっており、下偏光板14を透過する偏光状態の光となっている。
このとき、光透過部33と光吸収部34との界面のうち光吸収部34の下側である界面34bが、観察者側に向かうにつれて斜め上方となるように傾斜していれば、光L21、光L22、光L71、光L72のような光の進行を光吸収部34が阻害し難くなり、より多くの光を所望の方向に導くことができる。
これにより、所望の角度以上の視野角で出射する光を効率よく吸収して遮断することができ、さらに光の進行方向制御を効率よく行うことができる。
また、このような光は液晶パネルに入射して、コントラスト低下や色の反転のような不具合や質の低下を生じる可能性が高いのでこのような光を吸収することができる。
そしてこのように光を制御するための光学要素層35bは上記のように簡易な構成であり、このような簡易な構成で効果を有するものとなる。
なお、本形態において光学機能層32の上記θ11、及びθ12(図5参照)をθ11<θ12とすることにより、より広い範囲で視野角の制御をすることができる。
そして主屈折面135dの傾斜角は、図9に示したように光学機能層32の出光面の法線方向に対してθ31の角度を有している。
より好ましいθ31は-89°以上-80°以下(傾斜角度の絶対値としては80°以上89°以下)である。θ31をこの範囲とすることによりライズ面135eが小さくなり、ライズ面135eによる迷光を減らすことができる。
そしてこのように光を制御するための光学要素層135bは上記のように簡易な構成であり、このような簡易な構成で効果を奏するものとなる。
このような映像源ユニット210も、詳細な説明は省略するが、不図示の筐体に、該映像源ユニット210を作動させる電源、及び映像源ユニット210を制御する電子回路等、映像源ユニット210として動作するために必要とされる通常の機器とともに納められて表示装置とされている。本形態は映像源ユニットの一態様として液晶映像源ユニット、表示装置の一態様として液晶表示装置を説明する。以下映像源ユニット210について説明する。
ここで、液晶パネル15及び機能フィルム40は、上記第1の形態の映像源ユニット10と同様に考えることができるので、ここでは同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。
ここで光制御部材229以外は、上記第1の形態の映像源ユニット10に含まれる面光源装置20と同様に考えることができるので、ここでは同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。
ここで第一の光学シート30は、上記面光源装置20に含まれる光学シート30と同様に考えることができるのでここでは同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。
ここで基材層231は光学シート30の基材層31と同様に考えることができる。
光透過部233は、基材層231の層面に沿って当該断面を維持して一方向(本形態では鉛直方向)に延びるとともに、この延びる方向とは異なる方向(本形態では水平方向)に間隔を有して複数配列される。そして、隣り合う光透過部34の間には、略台形断面を有する間隔(溝)が形成されている。従って、当該間隔(溝)は、光透過部233の上底側(第一の光学シート30側)に長い下底を有し、光透過部233の下底側(基材層231側)に短い上底を有する台形断面を有し、ここに後述する必要な材料が充填されることにより光吸収部234が形成される。
本形態では、複数の光透過部233がその下底側(基材層231側)でシート状の土台部232aにより連結されている。
このような構成により第一の光学シート30の光透過部33が延びる方向と第二の光学シート230の光透過部233が延びる方向とは光学シートの正面視において交差するように配置されている。
本形態でθ41、θ42は、0°以上10°以下であることが好ましい。θ41、及びθ42の角度の大きさの関係は必要に応じて設定することができる。
支持層235aは光学要素層235bの支持体として機能する透明なシート状の部材であり、光学シート30の支持層35aと同様に考えることができる。
本形態では、光学要素層235bは支持層235aに配置されているが、これに限らず光学要素層235bが基材層231の面のうち光学機能層232が配置された側とは反対側の面に直接配置されてもよい。この場合には出光側光制御層は支持層を有することなく光学要素層235bのみから構成される。
単位光学要素235cは、図14~図16に表れているように光学機能層232側とは反対側に突出する三角断面を有する三角柱状であり、当該断面を有してその稜線が光透過部233及び光吸収部234が延びる方向と同じ(バイアス角α4=0°)又は光学シートの正面視で角度(バイアス角α4≠0°)を有して延びる(本形態では鉛直方向に延びる)突条で構成されている。そして複数の単位光学要素235cが、当該延びる方向とは異なる方向(本形態では水平方向)に配列されている。
単位光学要素235cの稜線が光透過部233及び光吸収部234が延びる方向に対して光学シートの正面視で角度を有して延びるように構成されている場合(バイアス角α4≠0°)には、光制御部材229の正面視で、光学機能層232の光透過部233が延びる方向と、単位光学要素235cの稜線が延びる方向とは0°<α4≦45°で相対的に傾斜するように延びていることが好ましい。これにより光透過部233及び光吸収部234による配列構造と、単位光学要素235cの配列構造と、によりモアレが発生することを防止することができる。α4を45°より大きくすると、単位光学要素235cによる光の方向制御の効率が低下してしまう。より好ましい角度は1°≦α4≦10°である。
なお、このような単位光学要素を有しない部位は必ずしも設けられる必要はなく、対称となる単位光学要素235cがシート中央を挟んで隣り合うように構成されてもよい。ただし、このようにシート中央を挟んで隣り合う単位光学要素が対称に存在するとその境界部に線が現れ、これが視認されてしまう虞がある。従って、少なくともシート中央には単位光学要素が存在せず、平坦であることが好ましい。このようにシート中央において線が発生しないようにするために、例えば光学要素層235を形成するための金型を切削加工により作製する際に、このシート中央となるべき部分の金型表面は、この部分を切削工具が跨ぐように重ねて加工すればよい。
そしてこのθ51は、単位光学要素235cが配列される方向(本形態では水平方向)において、中央側の単位光学要素235cと外周側の単位光学要素235cとで異なることが好ましい。これによりさらに精度よく光の制御を行うことができる。より好ましくは、中央側の単位光学要素235cから外周側の単位光学要素235cにかけてθ51が小さくなるように構成されている。これにより、中央側への光の進行方向の制御を効率的に行うことができる。
図16にθ52で表したライズ面235eの傾斜角度は、光学機能層232の出光面に沿った方向に対して80°以上100°以下であることが好ましい。製造上の観点から80°以上90°以下がより好ましい。また、θ52が80°未満、及び100°より大きくなるとライズ面235eによる迷光が多くなる虞がある。
また光学機能層232の方が光学要素層235bより製造難易度が高いことから、光学機能層232の光透過部233のピッチPb(図15参照)より、単位光学要素235cのピッチPpの方が小さい方が望ましい。さらに望ましくは、PpはPbの1/2以下である。最も望ましくはPpを、Pb/2、Pb/3、Pb/4など、等倍ピッチにしたときには、光透過部233の端部と単位光学要素235cの端部とができるだけ一致しないことである。言い換えると、PpとPbとの最小公倍数は大きい方が望ましい。
一方、単位光学要素235cが小さくなると、精度が低下することからPpは10μm以上であることが好ましい。
また、主屈折面235d及びライズ面235eを粗面としてもよい。これにより光を散乱してモアレの発生を抑制することができる。主屈折面235d及びライズ面235eを粗面とする方法は特に限定されることはないが、単位光学要素に対して直接ブラスト処理をしたり、単位光学要素を成形する型にブラスト処理をしたりすることが挙げられる。
そして、複数の単位光学要素235cが必ずしも全て同じ形状である必要はなく、適宜変更してもよい。
また、出光側光制御層は、必ずしも基材層や光学機能層に一体である必要はなく、別体で設けられてもよい。従って出光側光制御層と、基材層又は光学機能層と、の間に空気層が形成されてもよいし、別の機能層が配置されてもよい。
このとき、光透過部33と光吸収部34との界面のうち光吸収部34の下側である界面34bが、観察者側へ斜め上方に向かうように傾斜していれば、光L171、光L172のような光の進行を光吸収部34が阻害し難くなり、より多くの光を所望の方向に導くことができる。
これにより、所望の角度以上の出光角で出射する光を効率よく吸収して遮断することができ、さらに光の進行方向制御を効率よく行うことができる。
また、このような光は液晶パネルに入射して、コントラスト低下や色の反転のような不具合や映像の質の低下を生じる可能性が高いのでこのような光を吸収することができる。
そしてこのように光を制御するための光学要素層35bは上記のように簡易な構成であり、このような簡易な構成で効果を奏するものとなる。
これにより、所望の角度以上で出射する光を効率よく吸収して遮断することができ、さらに光の進行方向制御を効率よく行うことができる。
また、このような光は液晶パネルに入射して、コントラスト低下や色の反転のような不具合を生じる可能性が高いのでこのような光を吸収することができる。
なお光L155、L156、L157は単位光学要素235cを備えていない部分を透過するので、水平方向において正面に近い光が出射されそのまま正面の観察者へと光が提供される。
図18(a)は出光側光制御層235が設けられていない一つの例を表す。この場合には、光学機能層で出光角度が規制された状態のまま出光されるため、シート面法線に対して小さい傾斜を有する方向にしか(図18(a)の例では概ね-30°以上+30°以下の範囲の方向にしか)出光されない。従って、画面が広い場合や画面を少し斜めから見た場合に、特に画面の外周端部等に暗くなる部位が生じることがあった。
これに対して図18(b)は本形態のように出光側光制御層235を具備した例である。出光側光制御層235のシート外周端部に配置された単位光学要素235cにより図18(b)にC1、C2で示したように、シート外周端部の一方側の単位光学要素235c(C1)及び他方側の単位光学要素235c(C2)のそれぞれから出射された光の出射方向のピークをシート面法線方向(0°方向)にシフトするように制御することができる。また、両外周端部の単位光学要素235cの間に形成された、単位光学要素235cが配置されていないシート中央部分ではDで示したように、そのまま光がシート面法線方向に近い方向で出光される。これにより、画面端部から出射された光も、観察者が見ている方向に向かうように傾斜しているため、画面が広い場合や画面を少し斜めから見た場合にも、画面の外周端部等に暗くなる部位が生じることを防止できる。
このような出光方向角度の調整は光学機能層232のみで行うことは難しく、又は行ったとしても輝度の低下や構造の複雑化を要する等の不具合が伴うことが多い。これに対して第二の光学シート230のように、光学要素層235bを備えることで効率よく出光角度の制御を行うことが可能となる。
そしてこのように光を制御するための光学要素層235bは上記のように簡易な構成であり、このような簡易な構成で効果を奏するものとなる。
このような映像源ユニット310も、詳細な説明は省略するが、不図示の筐体に、該映像源ユニット310を作動させる電源、及び映像源ユニット310を制御する電子回路等、映像源ユニット310として動作するために必要とされる通常の機器とともに納められて表示装置とされている。本形態は映像源ユニットの一態様として液晶映像源ユニット、表示装置の一態様として液晶表示装置を説明する。
ここで液晶パネル15、及び機能フィルム40については映像源ユニット10と同じであるため同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。
ここで、光学シート330以外については、上記した映像源ユニット10の面光源装置20と同じであるため、光学シート330以外の構成については面光源装置30と同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。ただし、本形態ではプリズム層27の単位プリズム27aが導光板の導光方向に延び、複数の単位プリズム27aが導光板の導光方向に対して直交する方向に配列される形態である。
ここで基材層31は上記した映像源ユニット10の光学シート30に具備された基材層31と同じであるため同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。
θ61は、光透過部333と光吸収部334との界面のうち、光学シート330が図19のような姿勢とされた際に光吸収部334の上側となる界面334aと、光学機能層332の層面の法線と、のなす角である。θ62は、同姿勢で光透過部333及び光吸収部334の界面のうち光吸収部334の下側となる界面334bと、光学機能層332の層面の法線と、のなす角である。
θ61を0°より小さくすると製造が困難となる。θ61を10°より大きくすると入光側光制御層335との組み合わせで、光学機能層332による光の向きの制御の効果が小さくなる。また、θ61を10°よりも大きくすると、光吸収部334の配列方向の大きさ(光吸収部の幅、図23の紙面上下方向大きさ)が大きくなり、光の透過率が低下する不具合が生じる傾向にある。
本形態で入光側光制御層335は、光学シート330の法線方向に進行する光を所望の方向に向かうように光の向きを変えるように構成されている。より具体的に本形態では図19~図22の姿勢で、光学シート330の法線方向観察者側に進行する光に対して観察者側斜め下方に向かうように光の向きを変えるように機能する。これにより後述するように光透過部333と光吸収部334との上側界面334aで反射させ、斜め上方に向かう光にすることができる。
支持層335aは光学要素層335bの支持体として機能する透明なシート状の部材である。支持層335aは基材層31や光透過部333と同様の材料により構成することができる。
単位光学要素335cは、光学機能層332を挟んで基材層31側とは反対側に突出する三角形断面を有する三角柱状であり、当該断面を有してその稜線が光透過部333及び光吸収部334が延びる方向と同じ(バイアス角α5=0°)又は光学シートの正面視で角度を有して(バイアス角α5≠0°)延びる突条で構成されている。そして複数の単位光学要素335cが、当該延びる方向とは異なる方向に配列されている。
θ72で表したライズ面335eの傾斜は、光学機能層332の入光面332bに沿った方向に対して90°以下であることが好ましい。この角度が90°以上となると製造が難しくなる。一方、θ72は73°以上であることが好ましい。これにより、主屈折面335dとライズ面335eとの成す角を90°又はこれに近い角度とすることができ、主屈折面335dの法線方向から主屈折面335dに入射した光が、ライズ面335eに対して平行に近い方向で進むことができるため、ライズ面335eで反射して迷光となることを抑制することができる。
また、図22にDqで示した単位光学要素335cの支持層335aからの突出高さは、1μm以上15μm以下であることが好ましい。これより小さくなると、加工精度が悪化する不具合があり、これより大きいと、光吸収部334と単位光学要素335cとでモアレが生じやすくなる。
また、複数の単位光学要素335cが必ずしも同じ形状である必要はなく、適宜変更してもよい。
一方、反射型偏光板28の反射軸に沿った偏光方向の光は図20に点線矢印で示したように反射して導光板21側に戻される。戻された光は、導光板21、裏面光学要素23、又は反射シート39で反射して再び反射型偏光板28の側に進行する。この反射の際に一部の光の偏光方向が変化しており、その一部は反射型偏光板28を透過する。他の光は再び導光板側に戻される。このように反射型偏光板28で反射した光も反射を繰り返すことで反射型偏光板28を透過できるようになる。これにより光源25からの光の利用率が高められる。
ここで、反射型偏光板28を出射した光は、その偏光方向が下偏光板14の透過軸に沿った方向になっており、下偏光板14を透過する偏光状態の光となっている。
図20に示した光L201、光L202、及び図24に示した光L241、光L242は、単位光学要素335cの主屈折面335dに入射し、当該主屈折面335dへの入射角度に応じて屈折、又は屈折することなく主屈折面335dを透過する(主屈折面335dの傾斜面に直交する方向から入射した光は屈折することなく主屈折面335dを透過する(光L242)。)。これにより多くの光が観察者側斜め下方に向いた光となり、これが光透過部333と光吸収部334との界面のうち、光吸収部334の上側となる界面334aに向かう。そして当該界面334aで全反射して、観察者側斜め上方の光となり、所望の方向への光の制御がなされる。特に界面334aの傾斜角θ61(図23参照)が0°であればより上方へ光を向かわせることができる。一方、θ61を調整することにより上方でありつつも所望の範囲に光を向かわせることも可能である。
このとき、光透過部333と光吸収部334との界面のうち光吸収部334の下側である界面334bが、観察者側斜め上方に向かうように傾斜していれば、光L201、光L202、光L241、光L242のような光の進行を光吸収部334が阻害し難くなり、より多くの光を所望の方向に導くことができる。
これにより、所望の角度以上の視野角で出射する光を効率よく吸収して遮断することができ、さらに光の進行方向制御を効率よく行うことができる。
また、このような光は液晶パネルに入射して、コントラスト低下や色の反転のような不具合を生じる可能性が高いのでこのような光を吸収することができる。
従って、本形態の光学シートを液晶表示装置に用いることにより、従来の光学シートを使用した場合に比べ、容易に光を制御して、ドライバー視点での視認性を向上させることができる。
図25からわかるように、鉛直方向の視野角を見た場合に、図25にDで示した位置からわかるように相対輝度のピークが+20°(鉛直方向上方20°)近傍となっている。すなわち、正面(0°)とは異なる観察者の視点となる方向に輝度ピークがあるように光が制御されている。さらに図25にEで示した位置からわかるように、+50°(鉛直方向上方50°)近傍にて急激に相対輝度が低下している。すなわち、自動車におけるフロントガラスへの映り込みの原因となるような大きく上方に進行する光をより確実に遮断することができる。
実施例Aでは、映像源ユニット10の例に倣って、光学シートの出光方向制御の観点で試験を行った。
<試験例A1>
試験例A1では、出光側光制御層35を備える映像源ユニット10の例に倣って図5に表したθ21を変更した光学シートを作製した。θ21以外の光学シートの具体的な形状は次のとおりである。
・材料:ポリカーボネート樹脂
・厚さ:130μm
・光透過部、及び光吸収部のピッチ(図4のPa):39μm
・光吸収部上底幅(図4のWa):4μm
・光吸収部下底幅(図4のWb):10μm
・光吸収部上側傾斜角(図5のθ11):3°
・光吸収部下側傾斜角(図5のθ12):0°
・光吸収部の厚さ(図4のDa):102μm
・光学機能層の厚さ:127μm
・土台部の厚さ:25μm
・光透過部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.56の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・光吸収部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.49の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂にカーボンブラックを含有した平均粒子径4μmのアクリルビーズを20質量%分散
・光透過部及び光吸収部が液晶層の画素配列方向に対する傾斜角(バイアス角α1):5°
・ライズ面の角度(図5のθ22):90°
・単位光学要素のピッチ(図4のPo):18μm
・単位光学要素の材料:屈折率1.50の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・上記バイアス角α1に対する傾斜角(バイアス角α2):3°
ここで、バイアス角α2は、光学シートの正面視でバイアス角α1と同じ方向に回転するような角度である(以下の例も同様である。)。従って本例では単位光学要素が延びる方向が液晶層の画素配列方向に対する傾斜角はα1+α2=8°となる。
・主屈折面の角度(図5のθ21):85°(試験例A1-1)、80°(試験例A1-2)、70°(試験例A1-3)、60°(試験例A1-4)
試験例A2では、図9に示した出光側光制御層135を備える映像源ユニットの例に倣ってθ31を変更した光学シートを作製した。出光側光制御層135以外の構成は試験例A1と同じである。またライズ面の角度も90°で一定とした。そして、主屈折面の角度(図9のθ31)は、85°(試験例A2-1)、80°(試験例A2-2)、70°(試験例A2-3)、60°(試験例A2-4)である。
試験例A3では、試験例A2-2の光学シートに対して、ライズ面の角度(図5のθ22に相当)を80°(試験例A3-1)、及び100°(試験例A3-2)とした。それ以外は試験例A2-2と同じである。
試験例A4は、試験例A1の光学シートから出光側光制御層を除外した構成の光学シートである。他の部位は試験例A1の光学シートと同じとした。
上記各光学シートをモデル化し、シミュレーションで出光角度と各出光角度における輝度の関係を得た。シミュレーションソフトとして、Light Tools(Synopsys社)を用いた。光源の特性を図26に示した。図26の横軸は鉛直方向における視野角度(正が上方、負が下方)、縦軸には視野角度が0°のときの輝度を100%として相対輝度を表した。
図27には試験例A1、図28に試験例A2、図29に試験例A3の結果を示した。図27~図29では試験例A4のグラフをA4で表した。
そして図27では試験例A1-1をA1-1、試験例A1-2をA1-2、試験例A1-3をA1-3、試験例A1-4をA1-4で表した。
同様に図28では試験例A2-1をA2-1、試験例A2-2をA2-2、試験例A2-3をA2-3、試験例A2-4をA2-4で表した。
そして図29では試験例A3-1をA3-1、試験例A3-2をA3-2と表記した。また図29には合わせてA2-2も表示してある。
各グラフは、横軸に鉛直方向における視野角度を表し、正が上方、負が下方である。また縦軸には図26に示した光源特性を100%としたときの相対輝度を表した。
試験例Bでは、映像源ユニット210の例に倣って、光学シートの出光方向制御の観点で試験した。
試験例B1では、光制御部材229の例に倣って光制御部材を作製した。具体的な態様は次の通りである。
(基材層)
・材料:ポリカーボネート樹脂
・厚さ:130μm
・光透過部、及び光吸収部のピッチ(図4のPa):47μm
・光吸収部上底幅(図4のWa):3μm
・光吸収部下底幅(図4のWb):22μm
・光吸収部上側傾斜角(図5のθ11):4.5°
・光吸収部下側傾斜角(図5のθ12):4.5°
・光吸収部の厚さ(図4のDa):120μm
・光学機能層の厚さ:145μm
・土台部の厚さ:25μm
・光透過部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.56の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・光吸収部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.49の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂にカーボンブラックを含有した平均粒子径4μmのアクリルビーズを20質量%分散
・主屈折面の傾斜角度(図5のθ21):70°
・ライズ面の傾斜角度(図5のθ22):90°
・支持層の厚さ:25μm
・単位光学要素のピッチ(図4のPo):26μm
・単位光学要素の材料:屈折率1.50の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・光透過部が延びる方向に対する単位光学要素が延びる方向のバイアス角α3:5°
(基材層)
・材料:ポリカーボネート樹脂
・厚さ:130μm
・光透過部、及び光吸収部のピッチ(図15のPb):47μm
・光吸収部上底幅(図15のWc):3μm
・光吸収部下底幅(図15のWd):22μm
・光吸収部一方側傾斜角(図16のθ41):4.5°
・光吸収部他方側傾斜角(図16のθ42):4.5°
・光吸収部の厚さ(図15のDb):120μm
・光学機能層の厚さ:145μm
・土台部の厚さ:25μm
・光透過部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.56の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・光吸収部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.49の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂にカーボンブラックを含有した平均粒子径4μmのアクリルビーズを20質量%分散
・単位光学要素が配置されない部位:単位光学要素の配列方向において中央を挟んで対称に5.0mm(図14、図15のW3、左右に2.5mmずつ。)
・主屈折面の傾斜角度(図16のθ51):シート中央側において90°(実質上単位光学要素がない部位)からシート最端部において68°となるように、連続的に変化(第二の光学シートのうち単位光学要素が配列される方向の大きさ(図15のW4)は300mm)
・ライズ面の傾斜角度(図16のθ52):90°
・支持層の厚さ:25μm
・単位光学要素のピッチ(図15のPp):26μm
・単位光学要素の材料:屈折率1.50の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・光透過部が延びる方向に対する単位光学要素が延びる方向のバイアス角α4:5°
以上の第一の光学シートを光透過部が延びる方向を水平方向となるように配置し、第一の光学シートより出光側となるように重ねて第二の光学シートを配置して光制御部材とした。このとき、第二の光学シートの光透過部の延びる方向が鉛直方向となるようにした(図12参照)。
試験例B2では、上記試験例B1にかかる光制御部材に対して第一の光学シートの出光側光制御層及び第二の光学シートの出光側光制御層を除外した光制御部材を用いた。
試験例Bの光制御部材をモデル化し、シミュレーションで鉛直方向及び水平方向における各出光角度と輝度との関係を得た。
シミュレーションソフトとして、Light Tools(Synopsys社)を用いた。光源の特性を図30に示した。図30の横軸は鉛直方向及び水平方向における出光角度、縦軸には出光角度が0°のときの輝度を100%とした相対輝度を表した。
図31は試験例B1の光制御部材における評価結果を表した。図31(a)の横軸は鉛直方向における出光角度、縦軸には図30の100%に対する相対輝度を表している。図31(b)の横軸は水平方向における出光角度、縦軸には図30の100%に対する相対輝度を表している。
図32は試験例B2の光制御部材における評価結果を表した。図32(a)の横軸は鉛直方向における出光角度、縦軸には図30の100%に対する相対輝度を表している。図32(b)の横軸は水平方向における出光角度、縦軸には図30の100%に対する相対輝度を表している。
また、図31(b)と図32(b)との対比からわかるように、第二の光学シートのような光学要素層を設けることで、図18(b)により説明した通りに水平方向において光の出光角を制御することができた。
試験例Cでは、映像源ユニット10、映像源ユニット210の例に倣って、出光方向制御に加えて、粗面によってモアレ発生を防止する観点で試験した。
<試験例C1>
試験例C1では、出光側光制御層35を備える映像源ユニット10の例に倣って図5に表したθ21、及び屈折面及びライズ面の面粗度を変更した光学シートを作製した。他の部位における具体的な形態は次のとおりである。
・材料:ポリカーボネート樹脂
・厚さ:130μm
・光透過部、及び光吸収部のピッチ(図4のPa):39μm
・光吸収部上底幅(図4のWa):4μm
・光吸収部下底幅(図4のWb):10μm
・光吸収部上側傾斜角(図5のθ11):3°
・光吸収部下側傾斜角(図5のθ12):0°
・光吸収部の厚さ(図4のDa):102μm
・光学機能層の厚さ:127μm
・土台部の厚さ:25μm
・光透過部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.56の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・光吸収部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.49の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂にカーボンブラックを含有した平均粒子径4μmのアクリルビーズを20質量%分散
・光透過部及び光吸収部が液晶層の画素配列方向に対する傾斜角(バイアス角α1):0°
・ライズ面の角度(図5のθ22):90°
・単位光学要素のピッチ(図4のPo):18μm
・単位光学要素の材料:屈折率1.50の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・上記バイアス角α1に対する傾斜角(バイアス角α2):4°
・主屈折面の角度(図5のθ21、4種類):85°、80°、70°、60°
・主屈折面及びライズ面の粗面の形成(2種類):平均粒子径10μmのガラスによりブラストした成形金型で成形、平均粒子径2μmのアルミナによりブラストした成形金型で成形(図33参照)
試験例C2では、試験例C1の光学シートに代えて、上記第二の光学シート230の例に倣った光学シートを備える映像源ユニットを作製した。具体的な形態は次の通りである。
(基材層)
・材料:ポリカーボネート樹脂
・厚さ:130μm
・光透過部、及び光吸収部のピッチ(図15のPb):47μm
・光吸収部上底幅(図15のWc):3μm
・光吸収部下底幅(図15のWd):22μm
・光吸収部一方側傾斜角(図16のθ41):4.5°
・光吸収部他方側傾斜角(図16のθ42):4.5°
・光吸収部の厚さ(図15のDb):120μm
・光学機能層の厚さ:145μm
・土台部の厚さ:25μm
・光透過部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.56の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・光吸収部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.49の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂にカーボンブラックを含有した平均粒子径4μmのアクリルビーズを20質量%分散
・光透過部及び光吸収部が液晶層の画素配列方向に対する傾斜角(バイアス角α1):0°
・単位光学要素が配置されない部位:単位光学要素の配列方向において中央を挟んで対称に5.0mm(図14、図15のW3、左右に2.5mmずつ。)
・主屈折面の傾斜角度(図16のθ51):シート中央側において90°(実質上単位光学要素がない部位)からシート最端部において68°となるように、連続的に変化(第二の光学シートのうち単位光学要素が配列される方向の大きさ(図15のW4)は300mm)
・ライズ面の傾斜角度(図16のθ52):90°
・支持層の厚さ:25μm
・単位光学要素のピッチ(図15のPp):18μm
・単位光学要素の材料:屈折率1.50の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・光透過部が延びる方向に対する単位光学要素が延びる方向のバイアス角α4:4°
・屈折面及びライズ面の粗面の形成(2種類):平均粒子径10μmのガラスによりブラストした成形金型で成形、平均粒子径2μmのアルミナによりブラストした成形金型で成形(図33参照)
試験例C3では、試験例C1の光学シートの形態に対して、主屈折面及びライズ面に粗面を形成しない光学シートとした。
試験例C4では、試験例C2の光学シートの形態に対して、主屈折面及びライズ面に粗面を形成しない光学シートとした。
試験例Cにかかる映像源ユニットに対して目視によりモアレ観察を行った。その結果、粗面を形成しなかった試験例C3、及び試験例C4で軽微なモアレが観察された。一方、粗面を形成した試験例C1及び試験例C2にはモアレは観察されなかった。
なお、出光方向の制御についてはいずれについても適切におこなうことができた。
試験例Dでは、映像源ユニット10の例に倣って、出光方向制御に加えて、光透過部(光吸収部)の配列ピッチと、単位光学要素の配列ピッチとの関係を変えてモアレ発生の観点で試験した。
Pmは次のように求められる。
Pm=|(a・Pa・b・Po)/(a・Pa-b・Po)|
そして、あるPa、Poの組み合わせに対してa、bを変更した全ての組み合わせのPmの中で最大のPmをPmxとした。本例ではPaを39μmとし、Poを変更した例を表す。
このPmxに対して、結果としてモアレが観察された場合を「有り」、モアレが観察されなかった場合を「なし」と表記した。
試験例Eでは、図19~図23に示した光学シート330に倣った光学シート及びこれに対比する光学シートを作製して試験を行った。
<試験例E1>
(基材層)
・材料:ポリカーボネート樹脂
・厚さ:130μm
・ピッチ(図22のPc):39μm
・光吸収部上底幅(図22のWa):4μm
・光吸収部下底幅(図22のWb):10μm
・光吸収部上側傾斜角(図23のθ61):0°
・光吸収部下側傾斜角(図23のθ62):3°
・光吸収部の厚さ(図22のDc):102μm
・光学機能層の厚さ:127μm
・光透過部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.56の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
・光吸収部の材料及び屈折率:屈折率1.49の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂にカーボンブラックを含有した平均粒子径4μmのアクリルビーズを20質量%分散
・支持層の厚さ(図23の支持層335aの厚さ):130μm
・単位光学要素のピッチ(図22のPq):30μm
・単位光学要素の主屈折面の傾斜角(図23のθ71):5°
・ライズ面の傾斜角(図23のθ72):90°
・材料:屈折率1.50の紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリレート樹脂
単位光学要素の主屈折面の傾斜角(図23のθ71)を10°として他の構成は試験例E1に同じとした。
単位光学要素の主屈折面の傾斜角(図23のθ71)を20°として他の構成は試験例E1に同じとした。
図34に表したように単位光学要素の主屈折面の傾斜が、下から上に向けて光源側に傾くように構成し、図34にθ81に表す主屈折面の角度を5°とした。これを単位光学要素の主屈折面の傾斜角が「-5°」であるとする。これ以外は試験例E1と同じである。
単位光学要素の主屈折面の傾斜角(図23のθ71)を0°、すなわち光学要素層を形成しない構成として、他は試験例E1と同じとした。
上記試験例Eにかかる光学シートを用い、図19に示した例に倣って他の構成部材を配置して面光源装置とした。
<測定位置>
各試験例に対して次の3種類の視野角における輝度を測定し、図19に示した例の面光源装置から光学シートを除外して光源を点灯した場合における各種類の輝度を100%としたときに対する輝度比で表した。
(1)画面中央から画面法線方向における輝度(正面輝度)による輝度比。
(2)画面中央から水平方向40°、及び鉛直方向上20°の視野角(いわゆるドライバー視点)における輝度による輝度比。ドライバー視点は、カーナビゲーション等の表示装置が自動車の運転席と助手席との中間部に配置された場合において、運転席から表示装置を見た場合における視点の位置を意味する。
(3)画面中央から水平方向に0°、及び鉛直方向上に40°~80°(5°刻み)の視野角における合計輝度による輝度比(映り込みの原因となる光)。
輝度は自動変角輝度計(GP-500 村上色彩研究所)を用いて上記(1)~(3)の各視野角における透過光の輝度を測定した。
上記各視野角における輝度比を表2に表した。また、この結果に基づいて図35にグラフを表した。図35(a)が(1)の結果、図35(b)が(2)の結果、図35(c)が(3)の結果である。各図には主屈折面傾斜角(図23のθ71)が0°の輝度比の水準を点線で表した。
(2)の視野角では、図35(b)に直線矢印で示したように、主屈折面傾斜角が0°のときよりも高い輝度比であることが好ましい。高いことによりドライバー視点による輝度が高いことを意味する。
(3)の視野角では、図35(c)に直線矢印で示したように、主屈折面傾斜角が0°のときよりも低い輝度比であることが好ましい。低いことによりカーナビゲーション等の表示装置が自動車の運転席と助手席との中間部に配置された場合において、フロントガラスへの映り込みを抑制することができることを意味する。
15 液晶パネル
20、220、320 面光源装置
21 導光板
25 光源
26 光拡散板
27 プリズム層
28 反射型偏光板
30、230、330 光学シート
31、231 基材層
32、232、332 光学機能層
33、233、333 光透過部
34、234、334 光吸収部
35、135、235 出光側光制御層(光制御層)
35b、135b、235b、335b 光学要素層
35c、135c、235c、335c 単位光学要素
35d、135d、235d、335d 主屈折面
35e、135e、235e、335e ライズ面
335 入光側光制御層(光制御層)
Claims (15)
- 複数の層が積層されてなる光学シートであって、
前記複数の層の1つである光学機能層と、前記複数の層の他の1つである光学要素層と、を備え、
前記光学機能層は、
一方向に延び、当該一方向とは異なる方向に間隔を有して複数配列される光透過部と、隣り合う前記光透過部の間に配置される光吸収部と、を有し、
前記光学要素層は、
前記一方向に対して前記光学シートの正面視で0°以上45°以下の角度を有するように延び、当該延びる方向とは異なる方向に複数配列される突条である単位光学要素を具備する、光学シート。 - 前記光透過部は台形断面を有し、長い下底が前記単位光学要素側に向いている請求項1に記載の光学シート。
- 前記単位光学要素は、主屈折面及びライズ面を有する三角形断面を有し、
前記主屈折面は前記光学機能層の出光面の法線方向に対して45°より大きく89°以下で傾斜する面である、請求項1又は2に記載の光学シート。 - 前記主屈折面と前記光学機能層の出光面の法線との成す角が、シート中央側の前記単位光学要素とシート外周側の前記単位光学要素とで異なる、請求項3に記載の光学シート。
- 前記光学要素層がリニアフレネルレンズからなる請求項4に記載の光学シート。
- 前記単位光学要素は、主屈折面及びライズ面を有する三角形断面を有し、
前記主屈折面は、前記光学機能層の層面に対して0°より大きく17°より小さい角度で傾斜する、請求項1に記載の光学シート。 - 前記光透過部は台形断面を有し、短い上底が前記単位光学要素側に向いている請求項6に記載の光学シート。
- 前記単位光学要素の表面には粗面が形成されている請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の光学シート。
- 前記光透過部の配列ピッチをPa(μm)、前記単位光学要素の配列ピッチをPo(μm)、a、bを1以上10以下の整数とし、
Pm=|(a・Pa・b・Po)/(a・Pa-b・Po)|
として、ある前記Pa、前記Poに対する全てのa、bの組み合わせから得られる前記Pmのうち最も大きなものをPmx(μm)としたとき、前記Pmxが10000(μm)以下である、請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の光学シート。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の光学シートが2枚以上配置され、
一方の前記光学シートの前記光透過部が延びる方向と、他方の前記光学シートの前記光透過部が延びる方向と、が前記光学シートの正面視で交差するように配置される、光制御部材。 - 光源と、該光源よりも観察者側に配置される請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の光学シートと、を備える面光源装置。
- 光源と、該光源よりも観察者側に配置される請求項10に記載の光制御部材と、を備える面光源装置。
- 請求項11又は12に記載の面光源装置と、該面光源装置の出光側に配置された液晶パネルと、を備える映像源ユニット。
- 前記光透過部、前記光吸収部、及び前記単位光学要素は、延びる方向が水平方向であり、配列される方向が鉛直方向である、請求項13に記載の映像源ユニット。
- 請求項13又は14に記載の映像源ユニットが筐体に収められた表示装置。
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EP3605157A4 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
JPWO2018181966A1 (ja) | 2020-02-06 |
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US20230324735A1 (en) | 2023-10-12 |
JP2023040121A (ja) | 2023-03-22 |
US12066708B2 (en) | 2024-08-20 |
US20210397041A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
JP2024054147A (ja) | 2024-04-16 |
US20220299820A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 |
US11378837B2 (en) | 2022-07-05 |
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JP7428230B2 (ja) | 2024-02-06 |
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