WO2018163629A1

WO2018163629A1 - Rice seedling cultivation device and rice seedling cultivation method

Info

Publication number: WO2018163629A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/001976
Authority: WO
Inventors: 布施　順也
Original assignee: 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社
Priority date: 2017-03-07
Filing date: 2018-01-23
Publication date: 2018-09-13
Also published as: AU2018229982A1; JP7382229B2; JPWO2018163629A1; CN115053723A; CN118370112A; CN110381729A

Abstract

A rice seedling cultivation device comprising an illumination device 13, the rice seedling cultivation device cultivating rice seedlings in multilevel-shelf plant growing devices 3-8, wherein the rice seedling cultivation device is characterized in that the illumination device 13 comprises a semiconductor light source and a resin cover 13b that diffuses light from the semiconductor light source, and the luminous flux of the illumination device 13 output from the illumination device is 17000 lumens or more per 1 m2 of cultivation surface of each shelf.

Description

Seedling cultivation apparatus and seedling cultivation method

The present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method for cultivating seedlings, and more specifically, a seedling cultivation apparatus and seedling cultivation for cultivating seedlings that are easy to settle and grow well even when transplanted to a field using sunlight. Regarding the method. In the present invention, a seedling refers to a young plant used for transplanting to another cultivation place such as a greenhouse or a field.

In the past, the production of seedlings of various plants has been mainly in-house production by horticultural crop farmers. However, as commonly called “seedling half-cropping”, the technology required for the production of seedlings of various plants is sophisticated, laborious and complicated, so that it has been changed to use purchased seedlings. This is due to the recent aging of farmers and the labor shortage, the horticultural crop farmers becoming more commercialized and the expansion of the scale, and the labor saving by using purchased seedlings and the production of horticultural crops only. This is because the tendency to devote themselves to specialization is progressing at the same time. For these reasons, in recent years, the demand for purchased seedlings has increased, and the number of farmers who concentrate exclusively on seedling production and companies that are engaged in seedling production have also increased.

Even if the seedling producer is a full-time farmer or a large-scale enterprise, the seedling production is (A) a method of producing using natural light outdoors, (B) a method of producing using natural light in a greenhouse, And (C) a method of producing using artificial light in a closed environment.

When seedlings are produced by the methods (A) and (B), they are greatly affected by the weather and climate, especially the amount of solar radiation and the temperature. For example, there are some plants that have to be raised in a high-cold area to avoid seedling production itself due to the intense solar radiation and high temperature in summer. In addition, the seedling quality is affected by the outside of the greenhouse, and the inside of the greenhouse becomes hot due to strong solar radiation in the summer, making it difficult to produce seedlings smoothly, reducing the commercialization rate of the seedlings, the operating rate of the greenhouse, etc. This is a cause of increasing costs. Thus, the production and shipment of seedlings are easily affected by the weather and climate, and stable production of homogeneous and high-quality seedlings is not easy.

In the seedling production method of (C) above, in an artificial environment using an air conditioner, artificial light source, carbon dioxide fertilizer and irrigation device in a closed structure covered with a heat insulating wall that does not transmit natural light, This is a method to stably produce high-quality seedlings. Under a closed environment, various environmental conditions such as irradiation light quality, light irradiation intensity, light irradiation time, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, irrigation amount and fertilization concentration to seedlings are optimized for seedling growth. It is possible to adjust.

In recent years, as the seedling production method (C) has been spreading, cultivation using LEDs as artificial light has started to be reported (

Patent Documents

1, 2, and 3). However, if the seedlings grown by such a cultivation method are then transplanted to a field using sunlight, the seedlings cannot be adapted to rapid environmental changes, and the seedling quality deteriorates or the growth is delayed. There were problems such as withering.

JP2013-062438A JP 2014-061004 A International Publication No. 2014/125714

The present invention solves the above problems and provides a seedling cultivation apparatus and a seedling cultivation method that can produce seedlings that can be cultivated stably and with good quality even when transplanted to a field using sunlight. For the purpose.

The gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1] A cultivation apparatus equipped with a lighting device for cultivating seedlings with a multi-stage shelf type plant growing device, wherein the lighting device includes a semiconductor light source and a resin cover that diffuses light from the semiconductor light source. The said illuminating device is provided with the said illuminating device, The light beam output from the illuminating device per 1 m < ² > of cultivation surfaces of each shelf is 17000 lumens or more, The seedling cultivation apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.
[2] The lighting device seedling cultivation device according to [1], wherein the average photosynthetic photon flux was measured at a position 20cm from the outer surface of the cover is 150 [mu] mol ^/ m 2 / sec or more.
[3] The seedling cultivation apparatus according to [1] or [2], wherein the cover has a height of 40 mm or less.
[4] The semiconductor light source has a first emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480 nm and a second emission peak wavelength in the range of 500 to 620 nm, and the half width of the second emission peak wavelength is 100 nm. The seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [3], which is as described above.
[5] The cultivation device is arranged in a closed structure, and includes an air conditioner in the closed structure and an irrigation device for irrigating the seedlings [1] to [4] ] The seedling cultivation apparatus in any one of.
[6] A seedling cultivation method using the seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [5].

According to the present invention, it is possible to produce seedlings that can be cultivated stably and with good quality even when transplanted to a field using sunlight.

1a and 1b are horizontal sectional views of the cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment. 2a is a sectional view taken along line IIa-IIa in FIG. 1a, and FIG. 2b is a sectional view taken along line IIb-IIb in FIG. 1a. It is a front view of the multistage shelf type plant growing device concerning an embodiment. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3. It is a top view of the tray of the multistage shelf type plant growing device concerning an embodiment. It is a perspective view of the tray of FIG. FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 5. It is a bottom view of the box provided with the illuminating device. FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG. 8. It is sectional drawing of the tray of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus which concerns on another embodiment.

The seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention is a cultivation apparatus equipped with a lighting device for cultivating seedlings with a multistage shelf type plant growing device, and the lighting device is covered with a resin cover that diffuses light on the lower surface of the main body. The illumination device is characterized in that the luminous flux output from the illumination device per 1 m ² of the cultivation surface of each shelf is 17000 lumens or more.

In the lighting device, it is important that the luminous flux output from the lighting device per 1 m ² of the cultivation surface of each shelf is 17000 lumens or more, preferably 20,000 lumens or more, and 22,000 lumens or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 24,000 lumens or more, and particularly preferably 27,000 lumens or more.

The upper limit of the luminous flux output from the lighting device per 1 m ² of the cultivation surface of each shelf is not particularly limited, but is preferably 110,000 lumens or less, more preferably 90,000 lumens or less, More preferably, it is 70,000 lumens or less. By setting the luminous flux output from the lighting device per 1 m ² of the cultivation surface of each shelf within the above range, seedlings that grow stably even when transplanted to a field or greenhouse using sunlight after the end of seedling growth can be produced. .

The shape of the illumination device of the present invention is not particularly limited, but considering the maintainability such as simplification and replacement of the method of attaching the illumination to the cultivation device, long illumination along the long side direction of the cultivation shelf It is preferable to install the device.

When a plurality of (long) lighting devices are installed, the total luminous flux per one is preferably 5000 lumens or more, more preferably 5500 lumens or more, and 6000 lumens or more. Is more preferable, and 6500 lumens or more is particularly preferable.

Said lighting device, it photosynthetic photon flux average measured at the position of 20cm from the cover outer surface (light emitting surface) of 150μmol ^/ m 2 ^/ sec or more is preferable, 170μmol ^/ m 2 ^/ sec or more Is more preferable, and more preferably 200 μmol / m ² / sec or more. By setting the average photosynthesis effective photon flux measured at a position 20 cm from the cover outer surface (light emitting surface) as described above, the photosynthesis of the seedling can be made more efficient, and the generation of the length and soft growth is further suppressed. Can be preferable.

The resin cover of the lighting device preferably has a cover height (H in FIG. 9) of 40 mm or less, more preferably 35 mm or less, further preferably 30 mm or less, and 25 mm or less. It is particularly preferred. By making the height of the cover in the above range, it is possible to secure a wide height of each stage of the multi-stage cultivation shelf, or install more shelves at the same height It is also possible.

The semiconductor light source of the illumination device preferably has a first emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480 nm. By having the first emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480 nm, it is possible to suppress the internode elongation of the seedling and to grow a solid seedling with a short hypocotyl.

Preferably, the second emission peak wavelength is in the range of 500 to 620 nm, more preferably in the range of 500 to 610 nm, still more preferably in the range of 500 to 600 nm, and the second emission peak wavelength. The half width is preferably 100 nm or more, more preferably 120 nm or more, and still more preferably 140 nm or more. By setting the wavelength of the semiconductor light source of the lighting device in the above range, it is possible to suppress abnormal morphogenesis of seedlings and to grow normal seedlings.

The semiconductor light source of the illumination device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and organic EL, laser, LED, and the like can be used. Considering power consumption, it is preferable to use an LED.

In the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the 20% uniformity of the average photosynthetic effective photon flux on the cultivation surface of each cultivation shelf (the ratio of the area of the cultivation surface falling within ± 20% of the average photosynthetic effective photon flux) is 70% or more. Preferably, it is 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more. By making 20% of the average photosynthetic effective photon flux in each cultivation shelf within the above range, variation in the growth rate of seedlings cultivated in each shelf is suppressed, and more uniform seedlings can be produced. Become.

20% uniformity of the average photosynthetic effective photon flux (the ratio of the area of the cultivation surface that falls within ± 20% of the average photosynthetic effective photon flux) is determined by dividing the measurement surface every 5 cm mesh in the measurement at a position 20 cm from the light source. It is the result of measurement. The measurement of the average photosynthetic effective photon flux is data when the reflectance of the measurement floor is a black body of 5% or less.

It is preferable that the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention is disposed in a closed structure, includes an air conditioner in the closed structure, and includes an irrigation apparatus that irrigates the seedling.

In one aspect of the present invention, the cultivation apparatus has a growing module whose front surface is open, and the growing module arranges raising seedling shelves in multiple stages to form a raising seedling space.

A preferred embodiment of such a seedling cultivation apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1a to 9 and FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1a and 2b, a plurality of box-shaped (six in the illustrated example) multi-stage shelf-type plants are grown in a room of a closed type building structure 1 surrounded by a heat insulating wall and made completely light-shielding. Devices (growth modules) 3 to 8 are installed. The room 1 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and a door 2 is provided on one short-side wall surface 1i.

In this embodiment, the three multi-stage shelf-type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 are arranged in a row so that their open front faces in the same direction, and the three multi-stage shelf-type plant growing apparatuses 6 to 8 are also arranged. One row is arranged so that the open front faces in the same direction, and two rows are arranged in the room so that the open front faces each other. Hereinafter, the extending direction (longitudinal direction of the room) of the rows of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 is referred to as the Y direction, and the short direction of the room (multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 is used. And the direction in which the multistage shelf-type plant growing devices 6 to 8 face each other) may be referred to as the X direction. Between these two rows of multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and 6 to 8, a space A is provided so that one or a plurality of workers can work. A space B having a width of about 50 to 500 mm is provided between the

longitudinal wall surfaces

1j and 1k of the room and the back surfaces of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8, and passes through the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8. Air passages are formed.

一端 One end of the row of the multi-shelf plant growing devices 3-5, 6-8 is in contact with the building wall 1h on the opposite side of the door 2. The other end side of the row of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5, 6 to 8 is slightly separated from the wall surface 1i on the door 2 side.

When the heated air flows into the space A from the separation space of the wall surface 1i on the door 2 side described above, a control plate for suppressing this flow can be provided at an appropriate place.

It is preferable to install an air curtain inside the door 2 for entering / exiting the room because the outside air can be prevented from entering when the operator enters / exits.

In this embodiment, the plant growing device is a seedling raising device. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each of the multistage shelf-type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 includes a pedestal 3c, left and right side panels 3a, a back panel 3b on the back, and a top panel 3e on the zenith, and the front is open. It has a box-shaped structure. Inside the box-shaped structure, a plurality of seedling racks 12 are arranged in multiple stages at regular intervals in the vertical direction.

The height of each multi-stage shelf type plant growing device 3 to 8 is about 2000 mm, which is high enough for the operator to work, and the width of the seedling shelf 12 is a grid of tens to hundreds of cells (small bowls). A plurality of resin cell trays arranged in a line can be placed side by side, and the temperature and humidity of the upper space of each shelf 12 can be adjusted to a constant width, for example, about 1000 mm to 2000 mm, and the depth of the seedling rack 12 is 500 mm to The thickness is preferably 1000 mm. A plurality of cell trays 40 (see FIG. 7) are placed almost horizontally on each seedling shelf 12. The size of one cell tray is generally about 300 mm in width and about 600 mm in depth.

The bottom nursery shelf 12 is placed on the pedestal 3c. The adjuster (not shown) provided on the pedestal 3c is configured so that the level of the seedling rack 12 can be adjusted.

Each seedling shelf 12 is provided with a watering device 30 described later.

Boxes 14 are installed on the lower surfaces of the seedling racks 12 and the top panel 3e that are the second and higher stages from the bottom, and a plurality (three in this embodiment) of lighting devices 13 are installed in the boxes 14. . The lighting device 13 is configured to irradiate light to the plants that grow on the cell tray 40 of the seedling rack 12. In this embodiment, the boxes 14 other than the uppermost part are attached to the lower surface of an irrigation tray 31 described later.

As the light source of the illumination device 13, a semiconductor light source such as an LED is preferable.

Details of the configuration of the lighting device 13 are shown in FIGS. 8 is a bottom view of the box 14 provided with the lighting device 13, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX in FIG.

The bottom plate 14b of the box 14 is provided with an elongated opening 14a, and the lighting device 13 is installed so as to fit into the opening 14a. The lighting device 13 includes a case 13c installed in the box 14 so as to face the opening 14a, a semiconductor light source 13a installed in the case 13c, a synthetic resin cover 13b covering the lower surface of the case 13c, and the like. Have The cover 13b is detachably attached to the case 13c. A switch 13 s is installed on the lower surface of the box 14.

The box 14 is a box-shaped body having a rectangular top plate 14t and a bottom plate 14b.

The case 13c is provided with a plurality of (three in this embodiment) openings 14a in a direction parallel to the long side of the rectangular bottom plate 14b. The case 13c is an elongated box-like body having an open bottom surface. The lower end is fitted in the opening 14a.

The semiconductor light source 13a installed in the case 13c has a substrate, a plurality of LEDs as semiconductor light sources installed on the substrate, and a circuit for driving the LED, although not shown. The substrate extends in the longitudinal direction of the case 13c, and the LEDs are disposed at intervals in the longitudinal direction.

There is a gap of about 3 to 30 mm between the case 13 c and the top plate 14 t of the box 14. The heat generated in the lighting device 13 is transmitted to the bottom plate 14b and is dissipated from the bottom plate 14b. That is, it is transmitted to the air flowing through the nursery space below the lighting device 13.

As described above, since there is a gap between the case 13c and the box top plate 14t, the heat transmitted from the light source or its drive circuit to the top plate 14t is remarkably small. Therefore, the nutrient solution flowing on the irrigation tray 31 and the rhizosphere part of the plant planted in the cell tray 40 are prevented from being heated by the heat of the lighting device 13.

The cover 13b is a long curved plate-like body having a longitudinal cross section of an arc shape or a substantially elliptic arc shape and extending along the opening 14a. The cover 13b diffuses light from the LED and emits it downward. In this embodiment, the lower surface of the cover 13b is a light emitting surface. The cover 13b is installed so as to protrude downward. The protruding height H of the cover 13b from the bottom plate 14b is 40 mm or less.

As shown in FIG. 4, vents are provided in the rear panel 3 b behind each of the nursery shelves 12 and between the uppermost nursery shelves 12 and the top panel 3 e (nursing seedling space). An air fan 15 is attached to each.

In addition, it is preferable to provide the air fan 15 on the back side of each seedling space in this way, so that the airflow in the seedling space becomes uniform.

In the upper part of the room, an air conditioner 9 having a function of adjusting the temperature of the air in the room and circulating the temperature-controlled air according to the set conditions is installed. The air conditioner 9 includes an air conditioner body (air conditioner) 9A having a heat exchanger, and a wind direction control plate 10 attached to the lower surface of the air conditioner body 9A. The compressor of the air conditioner body 9 </ b> A is installed outside the building structure 1.

In this embodiment, the air conditioner main body 9A is located in the upper part of the center of the room in a plan view of the room. The intake port 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A is provided on the lower surface of the air conditioner main body 9A, and the wind direction control plate 10 is provided with an opening 10a at a position overlapping the intake port 9a.

The air conditioner body 9A is attached to the ceiling 1t of the building structure, and its side surface is exposed in the room. Air discharge ports 9b are respectively provided on the four side surfaces of the air conditioner main body 9A.

In the wind direction control plate 10, the peripheral portion of the opening 10a overlaps the periphery of the intake port 9a of the air conditioner body 9A. The opening 10a is the same size as or larger than the intake port 9a.

The wind direction control plate 10 is supported on the ceiling 1t by a hanging tool (not shown).

The one end side of the wind direction control plate 10 in the Y direction is in contact with the wall surface 1h. The other end side in the Y direction of the wind direction control plate 10 extends to the wall surface 1i side from the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and 6 to 8, but is slightly separated from the wall surface 1i. The upright plate 10r is erected over the entire length of the side portion on the other end side of the wind direction control plate 10, and the upper end of the upright plate 10r is in contact with the ceiling 1t.

The wind direction control plate 10 extends in the X direction between the ceiling 1t and the top surfaces of the multi-shelf plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8.

As shown in FIG. 2a, both ends of the wind direction control plate 10 in the X direction are vertically above the front of the space A side of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 6 to 8, or behind them. Located on the space B side. The horizontal distance L between both ends in the X direction of the wind direction control plate 10 and the front surfaces of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 may be 0 mm, preferably 30 mm or more, and more preferably 40 mm. As mentioned above, More preferably, it is 90 mm or more, More preferably, it is 140 mm or more.

In this embodiment, the air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9 is between the X direction ends of the wind direction control plate 10 and the ceiling 1t. The air outlet 9f may overlap with the front surfaces of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 in a plan view of the cultivation apparatus, but is preferably located rearward by the distance L.

In this embodiment, the intake port 9a of the air conditioner body 9A serves as the air intake port of the air conditioner 9. The air inlet is located in front of the front surface of the multi-shelf-type plant growing devices 3 to 8, that is, on the space A side in a plan view of the cultivation device.

By operating the air fan 15, a circulating air flow as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2a is generated in the room. In other words, the air whose temperature is controlled by the air conditioner 9 is sucked into the nursery space of each stage of the nursery rack 12 from the space A on the open front side of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 and back from the air fan 15. It is discharged to the back of the panel 3b, rises through the space B between the back of the back panel 3b and the building wall, passes through the upper space C of the multi-shelf plant growing devices 3 to 8, and blows out from the air conditioner 9 After being mixed with the conditioned air and temperature-controlled, the space on the open front side of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 passes again between the wind direction control plate 10 and the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 A is blown out.

Further, a part of the air that is going to flow into the space A through the space between the wind direction control plate 10 and the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 passes through the opening 10a, and the intake port 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A. Then, after the temperature is adjusted, the air is blown out from the outlet 9f through the discharge port 9b.

As shown in FIGS. 1a-2b, when two rows of multi-stage shelf-type plant growing apparatuses 3-5 and multi-stage shelf-type plant growing apparatuses 6-8 are arranged so that a work space is formed between them, The work space also functions as a space A for air circulation, and an effective circulation flow is formed.

When the circulating flow passes through each nursery space of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing devices 3 to 8, water vapor evaporated from the irrigation device, culture medium, plant, etc. and heat released from the lighting device 13 are accompanied by the circulating flow. The circulating flow is conditioned and humidity-controlled by the air conditioner 9 and continuously circulated, so that the room can be maintained in a temperature and humidity environment optimal for plant growth. The flow rate of the air flowing through the nursery space is preferably 0.1 m / sec or more, more preferably 0.2 m / sec or more, and further preferably 0.3 m / sec or more. If the air flow rate is too high, there is a possibility that a problem may occur in plant growth, and therefore it is generally preferably 2.0 m / sec or less.

In this embodiment, airflow is passed from the front of the nursery space through the fan 15 to the space B on the back side of the shelf in a negative pressure state, but conversely, the airflow is passed from the back side of the shelf to the front side in a positive pressure state. Also good. However, the airflow in the nursery space becomes more uniform when flowing from the front side to the back side of the shelf in a negative pressure state.

In this embodiment, a shelf plate of each seedling shelf 12 is configured by the irrigation tray 31 of the irrigation device (bottom irrigation device) 30, and irrigation is performed from the bottom surface of the cell tray 40 placed on the irrigation tray 31. ing. A configuration example of the irrigation apparatus 30 will be described with reference to FIGS.

The irrigation apparatus 30 includes a rectangular irrigation tray 31 having a bottom plate 31d with

side walls

31a, 31b, 31c standing on the rear side and the left and right sides. A drainage groove 32 is provided on the front side of the irrigation tray 31 without a side wall and connected to the bottom plate 31 d, and a drainage port 32 a is formed at one end of the drainage groove 32. The drainage groove 32 and the bottom plate 31 d are partitioned by a weir 34, and the nutrient solution flows into the drainage groove 32 from the notches 34 a at both ends of the weir 34. A water supply pipe 33 for supplying nutrient solution into the irrigation tray 31 is provided along the side wall 31 a on the rear side of the irrigation tray 31, and the nutrient solution is supplied to the tray from a plurality of small holes 33 a provided in the water supply pipe 33. 31 is supplied.

A plurality of ribs 35 having a height of about 7 mm extend in parallel to each other toward the drainage grooves 32 on the upper surface of the irrigation tray bottom plate 31d, and the cell tray 40 is placed on these ribs 35. ing.

In the irrigation apparatus 30, as shown in FIG. 4, when the irrigation tray 31 is placed on the seedling rack 12 of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatus 3-8, the drainage groove 32 protrudes from the open front of the growing apparatuses 3-8. It is a dimension. By projecting the drainage groove 32 from the open front surface of the growing device, the nutrient solution discharged from the drainage port 32a of the drainage groove 32 of the irrigation tray 31 placed on each stage of the seedling rack 12 is collected to the outside of the building structure 1 It becomes easy to discharge.

When the nutrient solution is continuously supplied from the small hole 33a provided in the water supply pipe 33 of the irrigation apparatus 30, the nutrient solution is blocked by the weir 34 and accumulated to a predetermined water level to be in a pool state. While supplying the nutrient solution from the water supply pipe 33, the nutrient solution gradually flows out from the notch 34 a into the drainage groove 32. It is preferable to maintain a pool state with a water level of, for example, about 10 to 12 mm in the irrigation tray 31 by adjusting the nutrient solution supply amount and the outflow amount from the notch 34a. Water is sucked up by the capillary action from the cell hole 42 formed on the bottom surface of each cell 41 of the cell tray 40 placed on the rib 35 to the medium in the cell, and the medium in all the cells 41 becomes water in a short time. It becomes saturated.

The box 14 is attached to the lower surface of the bottom plate 31d of the irrigation tray 31. In this embodiment, the top plate 14t of the box 14 is in direct contact with the lower surface of the irrigation tray 31, but a spacer or a heat insulating material may be interposed.

In this irrigation device 30, the upper surface of the bottom plate 31 d of the irrigation tray 31 is inclined toward the drainage groove 32 as shown in FIG. 7. Thereby, the nutrient solution can be discharged to the drain groove 32 in a short time when irrigation is stopped. Further, when the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d is inclined, the height of the rib 35 is changed so that the top portion 35a of the rib becomes horizontal, whereby the cell tray 40 placed on the rib 35 is horizontally placed. Can be retained.

FIG. 10 shows another example of the irrigation apparatus used in the present invention. The same members as those in FIGS. 5 to 7 are given the same reference numerals. In the irrigation apparatus 30 ′, when the cell tray 40 is placed on the irrigation tray bottom plate 31 d, the under tray 50 is interposed between the irrigation tray bottom plate 31 d and the cell tray 40. The under tray 50 has such a rigidity that it can support the cell tray 40 in which the culture medium is put in each cell 41. A plurality of small holes 51 are formed on the bottom wall surface, and a plurality of small holes 51 are formed on the back surface. The projection 52 is formed. These protrusions 52 function as gap holding means for holding a gap between the irrigation tray bottom plate 31d and the bottom surface of the cell tray 40 when the cell tray 40 is accommodated in the irrigation tray together with the under tray 50.

Also in the irrigation apparatus 30 ′ of FIG. 10, when the nutrient solution is supplied from the water supply pipe 33 and becomes a pool state at a predetermined water level, the nutrient solution is guided into the under tray 50 from the small hole 51 of the under tray 50. Water is sucked up by the capillary action from the cell hole 42 formed on the bottom surface of each cell 41 of the cell tray 40 to the medium in the cell.

Also in FIG. 10, a box 14 having a lighting device 13 is attached to the lower surface of the irrigation tray bottom plate 31d.

As described above, the cell tray 40 placed on the irrigation tray 31 is formed by arranging several tens to several hundreds of cells 41 in a lattice shape and integrating them into a tray shape. Although it is set as 300 mm and depth is around 600 mm, it is not limited to this.

In order to artificially supply the carbon dioxide consumed by the seedling in photosynthesis, as shown in FIG. 1, a liquefied carbon dioxide cylinder 16 is installed outside the building structure 1 and the inside of the room measured by the carbon dioxide concentration measuring device is used. Carbon dioxide gas is supplied from the carbon dioxide gas cylinder 16 so that the carbon dioxide gas concentration is constant.

By growing seedlings using this seedling raising device, it is possible to automatically adjust environmental conditions such as light quantity, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide gas and moisture suitable for seedling growth. Moreover, since all the seedlings in each nursery shelf can grow under the same environment, the uniformity of the obtained seedling quality can be enhanced.

In this embodiment, since the air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9 is 30 mm or more behind the front of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8, the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 (growth modules) are installed. The air that has passed through and warmed and the air that has been cooled by the air conditioner 9 are mixed into the space A. As a result, the air flowing into the space A becomes air of a uniform temperature and is taken into the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8.

When the air cooled by the air conditioner 9 flows directly into the space A, since the partially cold air is taken in from the front of the multi-shelf plant growing devices 3 to 8, the temperature between the multi-shelf plant growing devices 3 to 8 is increased. As a result, uneven plant growth occurs and plant growth is not uniform.

In this embodiment, since the air conditioner main body 9 and the wind direction control plate 10 are integrated, it is preferable that a large number of duct pipes and the like need not be installed.

In this multi-stage shelf type plant growing device, the heat of the lighting device 13 is transmitted to the box bottom plate 14b which also serves as a reflector, and is transmitted from the bottom plate 14b to the air flowing through the seedling raising space. The heat transferred from the lighting device 13 to the upper irrigation tray 31 is extremely small. Therefore, the temperature of the nutrient solution on the irrigation tray 31 is controlled within a predetermined range.

In the present invention, the ratio Wb / Wa between the total cooling capacity (Wb) of all the air conditioners 9 and the total power consumption (Wa) of all the lighting devices 13 is preferably 1 or more and 5 or less. It is more preferably 4 or less, further preferably 1 or more and 3 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or more and 2 or less. By setting Wb / Wa in the above range, the environment in the enclosed space can be kept appropriate and constant, and further, the environmental change due to the on / off of the air conditioning can be reduced. When the power consumption per lighting device is Ws, the number of lighting devices is n, the cooling capacity of one air conditioning device is Wk, and the number of installed air conditioning devices is m, Wb / Wa is expressed by the following formula. It is represented by A.

A = Wb / Wa
= (Wk × m) / (Ws × n)
m: Number of air conditioners (base)
n: Number of lighting devices (pieces)

The above embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the size of the room and the number of installed multistage shelf type plant growing devices may be other than those described above. In addition, the air conditioner main body may be installed other than the central portion. Although two or more air conditioner main bodies may be installed, it is preferable that the number is as small as possible.

[Example 1]
Using the cultivation apparatus having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, the temperature inside the apparatus was controlled to be 16 to 25 ° C., and spinach seedlings were cultivated.

The installation mode of the lighting device 13 is as follows.

Size of shelf (cultivation surface): width 1.2m, depth 0.6m
Number of lighting devices 13 per shelf: 3 (as shown)
Total luminous flux of one lighting device 13: 6900 lumens Luminous flux output from the lighting device per 1 m ² of the cultivation surface of each shelf: 28750 lumens First emission peak wavelength of LED light emitter: 450 nm
Second light emission peak wavelength of LED light emitter: 590 nm (half-value width: 150 nm)
Cover 13b height H: 20 mm
Average photosynthetic effective photon flux on the cultivated surface: 205 μmol / m ² / sec
20% of the photosynthesis effective photon flux on the cultivation surface: 84%
Total cooling capacity (Wb) of air conditioner: 5.6 kW
Total power consumption (Wa) of lighting device: 3.2 kW

As a result, it was confirmed that even if transplanted to a field using sunlight, seedlings capable of stable and good quality cultivation can be produced.

Although the present invention has been described in detail using specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-042967 filed on March 7, 2017, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Closed-type building structure 3-8 Multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus

3a Side panel

3b Back panel 3c Base 3e Top panel 9 Air conditioner 9A Air conditioner main body

9a Intake port

9b Discharge port 9f Outlet 10 Wind direction control board 10a Opening 12 Nursery rack 13 Lighting device 13a Semiconductor light source 13b Cover 13c Case 13s Switch 14 Box 14a Open 15 Air fan 16 Carbon dioxide cylinder 30, 30 'Irrigation device 31 Irrigation tray 31d Bottom plate 32 Drainage groove 32a Drain outlet 33 Water supply pipe 33a Small hole 34 Weir 34 Notch 35 Rib 40 Cell tray 41 Cell 42 Cell hole 50 Under tray 51 Small hole 52 Projection

Claims

A cultivation device equipped with a lighting device for cultivating seedlings with a multi-stage shelf type plant growing device,
The lighting device includes a semiconductor light source and a resin cover that diffuses light from the semiconductor light source,
The said illuminating device is a seedling cultivation apparatus characterized by the luminous flux output from the illuminating device per 1 m < 2 > of the cultivation surface of each shelf being 17000 lumens or more.
2. The seedling cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lighting device has an average photosynthetic effective photon flux measured at a position of 20 cm from the outer surface of the cover of 150 μmol / m 2 / sec or more.
The seedling cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cover has a height of 40 mm or less.
The semiconductor light source has a first emission peak wavelength in a range of 400 to 480 nm;
And having a second emission peak wavelength at 500 to 620 nm,
The seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second emission peak wavelength has a full width at half maximum of 100 nm or more.
The cultivation apparatus is arranged in a closed structure, and includes an air conditioner in the closed structure.
The seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an irrigation apparatus for irrigating the seedling.
A seedling cultivation method using the seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5.