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WO2018068460A1 - 待充电设备和充电方法 - Google Patents

待充电设备和充电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018068460A1
WO2018068460A1 PCT/CN2017/074822 CN2017074822W WO2018068460A1 WO 2018068460 A1 WO2018068460 A1 WO 2018068460A1 CN 2017074822 W CN2017074822 W CN 2017074822W WO 2018068460 A1 WO2018068460 A1 WO 2018068460A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
adapter
charging
charged
output
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/074822
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张加亮
田晨
张俊
陈社彪
万世铭
李家达
Original Assignee
广东欧珀移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/CN2016/101944 external-priority patent/WO2018068243A1/zh
Application filed by 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司
Priority to KR1020187006367A priority Critical patent/KR102213689B1/ko
Priority to ES17793559T priority patent/ES2868000T3/es
Priority to EP17793559.0A priority patent/EP3334004B1/en
Priority to EP21158640.9A priority patent/EP3843237B1/en
Priority to CN202110007785.5A priority patent/CN112838634B/zh
Priority to CN201780001361.XA priority patent/CN108604807B/zh
Priority to US15/556,025 priority patent/US10826303B2/en
Priority to JP2018514886A priority patent/JP6605719B2/ja
Priority to TW106124422A priority patent/TWI657644B/zh
Publication of WO2018068460A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018068460A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of charging technologies, and, more particularly, to a device to be charged and a charging method.
  • devices to be charged are increasingly favored by consumers, but the devices to be charged consume a large amount of power and need to be charged frequently.
  • the present application provides a device to be charged and a charging method, which can reduce the amount of heat generated by the device to be charged under the premise of ensuring the charging speed.
  • a device to be charged includes: a charging interface; a first charging circuit, the first charging circuit is connected to the charging interface, and receives an output voltage of the adapter through the charging interface Outputting a current, and directly loading the output voltage and the output current of the adapter into the two ends of the plurality of cells connected in series in the device to be charged, and directly charging the plurality of cells; the equalization circuit The equalization circuit is coupled to the plurality of cells for equalizing a voltage between the cells of the plurality of cells.
  • the multi-cell battery includes a first The battery cell and the second battery core, the equalization circuit performs power transfer between the first battery core and the second battery core in a capacitive coupling manner.
  • the equalization circuit includes: a first conversion unit configured to receive a DC voltage output by the first battery core, and output the first battery core The DC voltage is converted into a first AC voltage; a first voltage adjustment unit is configured to receive the first AC voltage, convert the first AC voltage into a second AC voltage, wherein a magnitude of the second AC voltage a magnitude greater than the amplitude of the first alternating voltage; a first capacitive coupling unit and a second converting unit, the first capacitive coupling unit coupling the second alternating voltage to the second converting unit in a capacitive coupling manner, The second conversion unit converts the second alternating voltage into a first charging voltage to charge the second battery.
  • the first voltage adjustment unit includes a first resonating unit, the first resonating unit configured to receive the first alternating voltage and resonate Converting the first alternating voltage to the second alternating voltage.
  • the equalization circuit further includes a second voltage adjustment unit and a second capacitive coupling unit, the second conversion unit further configured to receive the second battery And outputting a DC voltage, and converting the DC voltage output by the second battery to a third AC voltage;
  • the second voltage adjustment unit is configured to receive the third AC voltage, and convert the third AC voltage into a fourth alternating voltage, wherein a magnitude of the fourth alternating voltage is greater than a magnitude of the third alternating voltage;
  • the second capacitive coupling unit couples the fourth alternating voltage to the first in a capacitive coupling manner a conversion unit that converts the fourth alternating voltage into a second charging voltage to charge the first battery.
  • the second voltage adjustment unit includes a second resonance unit, the second resonance unit is configured to receive the third alternating voltage, and to resonate The third alternating voltage is converted into the fourth alternating voltage.
  • the first resonant unit includes a first inductor and a first capacitor
  • the second resonant unit includes the first inductor and the second capacitor
  • the equalization circuit further includes: a first control unit, in a case where a voltage of the first cell is greater than a voltage of the second cell, Controlling the first voltage adjustment unit and the first capacitive coupling unit to operate to charge the second battery core; and in a case where a voltage of the second battery core is greater than a voltage of the first battery core, controlling The second voltage adjustment unit and the second capacitive coupling unit operate to charge the first battery core.
  • the plurality of cells includes a first cell and a second cell, the equalization circuit being capacitively coupled to the first cell and The electric power is transferred between the second batteries.
  • the equalization circuit includes: a first conversion unit configured to receive a DC voltage output by the first battery core, and output the first battery core The DC voltage is converted into a first AC voltage; a first voltage adjustment unit is configured to receive the first AC voltage, convert the first AC voltage into a second AC voltage, wherein a magnitude of the second AC voltage a magnitude greater than the amplitude of the first alternating voltage; a first capacitive coupling unit and a second converting unit, the first capacitive coupling unit coupling the second alternating voltage to the second converting unit in a capacitive coupling manner, The second conversion unit converts the second alternating voltage into a first charging voltage to charge the second battery.
  • the first voltage adjustment unit includes a first resonating unit, the first resonating unit configured to receive the first alternating voltage and resonate Converting the first alternating voltage to the second alternating voltage.
  • the equalization circuit further includes a second voltage adjustment unit and a second capacitive coupling unit,
  • the second conversion unit is further configured to receive a DC voltage output by the second battery core, and convert a DC voltage output by the second battery core into a third AC voltage;
  • the second voltage adjustment unit is configured to receive The third alternating voltage converts the third alternating current voltage into a fourth alternating voltage, wherein the amplitude of the fourth alternating voltage is greater than a magnitude of the third alternating voltage;
  • the second capacitive coupling unit Capacitively coupling the fourth alternating voltage to the first converting unit, the first converting unit converting the fourth alternating voltage to a second charging voltage to charge the first core.
  • the second voltage adjustment unit includes a second resonance unit, the second resonance unit is configured to receive the third alternating voltage, and to resonate The third alternating voltage is converted into the fourth alternating voltage.
  • the first resonant unit includes a first inductor and a first capacitor
  • the second resonant unit includes the first inductor and the second capacitor
  • the equalization circuit further includes: a control unit, where the voltage of the first cell is greater than a voltage of the second cell, the control device The first voltage adjustment unit and the first capacitive coupling unit operate to charge the second battery core; and in a case where the voltage of the second battery core is greater than the voltage of the first battery core, controlling the Second electric The voltage adjustment unit and the second capacitive coupling unit operate to charge the first battery core.
  • the device to be charged further includes: a power supply circuit, an input end of the power supply circuit and two of the single-cell batteries in the multi-section battery Connected to the terminals, the power supply circuit supplies power to the devices in the device to be charged based on the voltage of the single cell.
  • the output current of the adapter received by the first charging circuit is pulsed direct current, alternating current, or constant direct current.
  • the output voltage and the output current of the adapter received by the first charging circuit through the charging interface are output by the adapter in a constant current mode Voltage and current.
  • the device to be charged further includes: a second charging circuit, the second charging circuit includes a boosting circuit, and the two ends of the boosting circuit are respectively The charging interface is connected to the multi-cell, the boosting circuit receives an output voltage of the adapter through the charging interface, boosts an output voltage of the adapter to a second voltage, and the second voltage Loading at the two ends of the plurality of cells to charge the plurality of cells, wherein an output voltage of the adapter received by the second charging circuit is less than a total voltage of the plurality of cells, The second voltage is greater than the total voltage of the plurality of cells.
  • the output voltage of the adapter received by the second charging circuit is 5V.
  • the adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode, the adapter charging the device to be charged faster than the second charging mode Determining, by the adapter, a charging speed of the device to be charged in the first charging mode, in the first charging mode, the adapter charging the multi-cell battery through the second charging circuit In the second charging mode, the adapter charges the plurality of cells through the first charging circuit.
  • the charging interface includes a data line
  • the device to be charged further includes a control unit
  • the control unit performs two-way communication with the adapter through the data line To control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode.
  • control unit is in two-way communication with the adapter via the data line to control an output of the adapter in the second charging mode
  • the process includes: the control unit performs two-way communication with the adapter to cooperate A charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged.
  • the control unit performs two-way communication with the adapter to negotiate a charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged, including: the controlling The unit receives a first instruction sent by the adapter, the first instruction is used to query whether the device to be charged turns on the second charging mode; the control unit sends a reply instruction of the first instruction to the adapter The reply instruction of the first instruction is used to indicate whether the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode; and when the device to be charged agrees to turn on the second charging mode, the control unit controls The adapter charges the plurality of cells by the first charging circuit.
  • control unit is in two-way communication with the adapter via the data line to control an output of the adapter in the second charging mode
  • the process includes: the control unit and the adapter performing two-way communication to determine a charging voltage output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the control unit is in two-way communication with the adapter to determine the output of the adapter in the second charging mode for the a charging voltage for charging by the charging device, comprising: the control unit receiving a second instruction sent by the adapter, the second instruction for querying an output voltage of the adapter and a multi-cell battery of the device to be charged Whether the current total voltage matches; the control unit sends a reply instruction of the second instruction to the adapter, and the reply instruction of the second instruction is used to indicate an output voltage of the adapter and a current state of the multi-section battery The total voltage is matched, high or low.
  • control unit is in two-way communication with the adapter via the data line to control an output of the adapter in the second charging mode
  • the process includes: the control unit and the adapter performing two-way communication to determine a charging current output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the control unit is in two-way communication with the adapter to determine the output of the adapter in the second charging mode for the
  • the charging current that is charged by the charging device includes: the control unit receives a third command sent by the adapter, the third command is used to query a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; The adapter sends a reply command of the third instruction, The reply instruction of the third instruction is used to indicate a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged, so that the adapter determines the first in the second charging mode based on a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged A charging current output by the second adapter for charging the device to be charged.
  • control unit is in two-way communication with the adapter through the data line to control the second adapter in the second charging mode
  • the outputting process includes: in a process of charging using the second charging mode, the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the adapter to adjust an output current of the adapter.
  • the control unit performs two-way communication with the adapter to adjust an output current of the adapter, including: the control unit receives a a fourth instruction for inquiring a current total voltage of the plurality of cells; the control unit transmitting a reply instruction of the fourth instruction to the adapter, the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is used Indicating a current total voltage of the plurality of cells, so that the adapter adjusts an output current of the adapter according to a current total voltage of the plurality of cells.
  • a charging method for charging a device to be charged, the device to be charged includes a charging interface, and the method includes: receiving an output voltage and an output current of the adapter through the charging interface; Directly loading the output voltage and the output current of the adapter into the two ends of the plurality of cells connected in series in the device to be charged, and directly charging the plurality of cells; balancing the plurality of cells The voltage between each cell.
  • the plurality of cells includes a first cell and a second cell
  • the equalization between the cells of the plurality of cells The voltage includes: performing power transfer between the first cell and the second cell in a capacitive coupling manner.
  • the performing the power transfer between the first cell and the second cell in a capacitive coupling manner comprising: receiving a first cell And outputting a DC voltage, and converting the DC voltage output by the first battery to a first AC voltage; receiving the first AC voltage, converting the first AC voltage into a second AC voltage, wherein the The amplitude of the alternating voltage is greater than the amplitude of the first alternating voltage; the second alternating voltage is coupled to the second converting unit in a capacitively coupled manner, and the second alternating voltage is passed through the second converting unit Converting to a first charging voltage to charge the second cell.
  • the converting the first alternating voltage to the second alternating voltage comprises: converting the first alternating current voltage into a resonant manner Said second alternating voltage.
  • the method further includes: receiving a DC voltage output by the second cell, and converting the DC voltage output by the second cell to a third AC voltage; receiving the third AC voltage, and converting the third AC voltage into a fourth AC voltage, wherein a magnitude of the fourth AC voltage is greater than a magnitude of the third AC voltage; And coupling the fourth alternating voltage to the first converting unit, and converting the fourth alternating voltage into a second charging voltage by the first converting unit to charge the first battery.
  • the converting the first alternating voltage to the second alternating voltage comprises: converting the first alternating voltage to the first in a resonant manner Two AC voltages.
  • the method further includes: receiving a DC voltage output by the second cell, and converting the DC voltage output by the second cell to a third AC voltage; receiving the third AC voltage, and converting the third AC voltage into a fourth AC voltage, wherein a magnitude of the fourth AC voltage is greater than a magnitude of the third AC voltage; And coupling the fourth alternating voltage to the first converting unit, and converting the fourth alternating voltage into a second charging voltage by the first converting unit to charge the first battery.
  • the converting the third alternating voltage to the fourth alternating voltage comprises: converting the third alternating voltage to the first in a resonant manner Four AC voltages.
  • the converting the first alternating voltage to the second alternating voltage in a resonant manner comprises: resonating through the first inductor and the first capacitor Converting the first alternating voltage to the second alternating voltage; the converting the third alternating voltage to the fourth alternating voltage in a resonant manner, comprising: passing the first inductor and The two capacitors convert the third alternating voltage into the fourth alternating voltage in a resonant manner.
  • the method further includes controlling the first voltage adjustment unit if a voltage of the first battery core is greater than a voltage of the second battery core Working with the first capacitive coupling unit to charge the second battery core; and controlling the second voltage adjustment unit and the second capacitive coupling in a case where the voltage of the second battery core is greater than the voltage of the first battery core The unit operates to charge the first cell.
  • the method further comprising: powering a device within the device to be charged based on a voltage of a single cell in the plurality of cells, Single The battery cell is any one of the plurality of cells.
  • the method further comprising: boosting an output voltage of the adapter to a second voltage; loading the second voltage on the multi-cell battery The two ends charge the plurality of cells, wherein the second voltage is greater than a total voltage of the plurality of cells.
  • the adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode, the adapter charging the device to be charged faster than the second charging mode Determining the charging speed of the adapter to the device to be charged in the first charging mode.
  • the charging interface includes a data line, the method further comprising: performing two-way communication with the adapter through the data line to control the second The output of the adapter in charging mode.
  • the process of bidirectionally communicating with the adapter through the data line to control an output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: performing two-way communication with the adapter to negotiate a charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the adapter to negotiate a charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged includes: receiving the adapter to send a first instruction, the first instruction is used to query whether the device to be charged starts the second charging mode, and sends a reply instruction of the first instruction to the adapter, where the reply instruction of the first instruction is used Determining whether the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode; and if the device to be charged agrees to turn on the second charging mode, controlling the adapter to pass the first charging circuit Battery charging.
  • the process of bidirectionally communicating with the adapter through the data line to control an output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: performing bidirectional communication with the adapter to determine a charging voltage output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the charging voltage for charging includes: receiving a second instruction sent by the adapter, the second instruction is used to query an output voltage of the adapter and a multi-cell battery of the device to be charged Whether the current total voltage matches; sending a reply instruction of the second instruction to the adapter, the reply instruction of the second instruction is used to indicate that an output voltage of the adapter matches a current total voltage of the multi-cell High or low.
  • the process of bidirectionally communicating with the adapter through the data line to control an output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: performing bidirectional communication with the adapter to determine a charging current output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the adapter to determine the output of the adapter in the second charging mode for the device to be charged Charging the charging current comprising: receiving a third command sent by the adapter, the third command is used to query a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; and sending a reply to the third command to the adapter Instructing, the reply instruction of the third instruction is used to indicate a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged, so that the adapter determines, according to a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged, in the second charging mode.
  • the two-way communication with the adapter through the data line to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode includes: two-way communication with the adapter during charging using the second charging mode to adjust an output current of the adapter.
  • the two-way communication with the adapter to adjust an output current of the adapter includes: receiving a fourth command sent by the adapter, the The fourth instruction is used to query the current total voltage of the multi-cell; the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is sent to the adapter, and the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is used to indicate the current total of the multi-cell a voltage such that the adapter adjusts an output current of the adapter based on a current total voltage of the plurality of cells.
  • the multi-section cell is directly charged by the first charging circuit, and the cell structure inside the charging device is modified on the basis of the direct charging scheme, and the multi-cell cells connected in series with each other are introduced.
  • the charging current required for the multi-cell is 1/N of the charging current required for the single-cell cell (N is the cell in series with each other in the device to be charged)
  • the application can greatly reduce the charging current under the premise of ensuring the same charging speed, thereby reducing the heating of the device to be charged during the charging process. the amount.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device to be charged according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device to be charged according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a device to be charged according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device to be charged according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of a pulsating direct current according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device to be charged according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a device to be charged according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a device to be charged according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a fast charge process in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a charging method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of an equalization circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • 19 is a circuit diagram of an equalization circuit in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • an adapter for charging a device to be charged in the related art Before describing the device to be charged and the charging method proposed in the embodiments of the present application, an adapter for charging a device to be charged in the related art will be described first, that is, the following may be referred to as a “related adapter”.
  • the output voltage is basically constant, such as 5V, 9V, 12V or 20V.
  • the voltage output by the associated adapter is not suitable for direct loading to both ends of the battery, but needs to be converted by a conversion circuit in the device to be charged to obtain the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the battery in the device to be charged.
  • the charging current can be direct current.
  • a conversion circuit is used to transform the voltage output by the associated adapter to meet the desired charging voltage and/or charging current requirements of the battery.
  • the conversion circuit may refer to a charge management module, such as an integrated circuit (IC) in a device to be charged.
  • the conversion circuit can be used to manage the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery during charging of the battery.
  • the conversion circuit can have at least one of a voltage feedback function and a current feedback function to enable management of a charging voltage and/or a charging current of the battery.
  • the charging process of the battery may include at least one of a trickle charging phase, a constant current charging phase, and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the conversion circuit can utilize the current feedback loop such that the magnitude of the current entering the battery during the trickle charge phase meets the magnitude of the charge current expected by the battery (eg, the first charge current).
  • the conversion circuit can utilize the current feedback loop such that the magnitude of the current entering the battery during the constant current charging phase satisfies the magnitude of the charging current expected by the battery (eg, the second charging current, which can be greater than the first charging current) recharging current).
  • the conversion circuit can utilize a voltage feedback loop such that the magnitude of the voltage applied across the battery during the constant voltage charging phase satisfies the magnitude of the charging voltage expected by the battery.
  • the conversion circuit when the voltage output by the relevant adapter is greater than the charging voltage expected by the battery, the conversion circuit can be used to perform a step-down conversion process on the voltage of the relevant adapter output, so that the charging voltage obtained after the step-down conversion meets the expected battery The charging voltage is required.
  • the conversion circuit when the voltage output by the relevant adapter is less than the charging voltage expected by the battery, the conversion circuit can be used to perform a boost conversion process on the voltage output by the relevant adapter, so that the charging voltage obtained after the boost conversion meets the battery Expected charging voltage requirements.
  • the conversion circuit for example The Buck step-down circuit can perform a step-down conversion process on the voltage of the relevant adapter output, so that the charging voltage obtained after the step-down can satisfy the charging voltage demand expected by the single cell.
  • a conversion circuit such as a boost voltage boosting circuit
  • a boost conversion process can perform a boost conversion process on the voltage of the relevant adapter output, so that the charging voltage obtained after the boosting meets the charging voltage demand expected by the multi-cell battery.
  • the conversion circuit is limited by the low conversion efficiency of the circuit, so that a part of the electric energy is dissipated as heat, which is accumulated inside the device to be charged.
  • the design space and heat dissipation space of the device to be charged are very small (for example, the physical size of the mobile terminal used by the user is getting thinner and lighter, and a large number of electronic components are densely arranged in the mobile terminal to improve the performance of the mobile terminal).
  • the design difficulty of the conversion circuit is improved, but also the heat accumulated in the device to be charged is difficult to be dissipated in time, which may cause an abnormality of the device to be charged.
  • the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause thermal interference to the electronic components near the conversion circuit, causing abnormal operation of the electronic components; for example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may shorten the use of the conversion circuit and nearby electronic components. Lifetime; for example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause thermal interference to the battery, which may cause abnormal battery charging and discharging; for example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause the temperature of the device to be charged to rise, affecting the user's charging.
  • the adapter provided in the embodiment of the present application can acquire status information of the battery.
  • the status information of the battery includes at least the current battery information and/or voltage information of the battery.
  • the adapter adjusts the voltage output by the adapter according to the obtained state information of the battery to meet the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery, and the output voltage of the adapter can be directly loaded to the battery to charge the battery. (hereinafter referred to as "direct charge").
  • the voltage output by the adapter can be a voltage with a stable voltage value or a voltage of a pulsating waveform.
  • the adapter can have a voltage feedback function and/or a current feedback function to achieve closed loop feedback control of the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the adapter adjusts the voltage of its own output according to the acquired state information of the battery, which may refer to: the adapter can obtain the state information of the battery in real time, and adjust the adapter according to the state information of the battery obtained in real time.
  • the voltage is output to meet the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the adapter adjusts the voltage of its own output according to the state information of the battery obtained in real time. It may mean that during the charging process, as the charging voltage of the battery continues to rise, the adapter can acquire the battery during the charging process. Status information at different moments, and adjust the voltage output by the adapter itself in real time according to the state information of the battery at different times during the charging process, to meet the demand of the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the battery, and the output of the adapter after adjustment Voltage can be straight Charge the battery by loading it to both ends of the battery.
  • the charging process of the battery may include at least one of a trickle charging phase, a constant current charging phase, and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the adapter can output a first charging current to charge the battery during the trickle charge phase to meet the battery's expected charging current (the first charging current can be a constant direct current or a pulsating waveform current).
  • the adapter can utilize the current feedback loop such that the current output by the adapter during the constant current charging phase and the current entering the battery meets the demand for the charging current expected by the battery (eg, the second charging current, and the second charging current can also be
  • the current of the constant direct current or the pulsating waveform, the second charging current may be greater than the first charging current, and the second charging current is a current of the pulsating waveform, and the second charging current is greater than the first charging current may refer to the pulsation of the constant current charging phase.
  • the current peak value of the waveform is greater than the current peak value of the pulsation waveform in the trickle charging phase, and the constant current in the constant current charging phase may mean that the current peak or average value of the pulsating waveform remains substantially unchanged).
  • the adapter can utilize a voltage feedback loop to keep the voltage output by the adapter to the device to be charged (ie, the voltage of the pulsating waveform) constant during the constant voltage charging phase.
  • the adapter mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be mainly used to control the constant current charging phase of the battery in the device to be charged.
  • the control functions of the trickle charging phase and the constant voltage charging phase of the battery in the device to be charged may also be performed by the adapter mentioned in the embodiment of the present application and the additional charging chip in the device to be charged;
  • the constant current charging phase the charging power received by the battery in the trickle charging phase and the constant voltage charging phase is small, and the conversion loss and heat accumulation of the charging chip inside the device to be charged are acceptable.
  • the constant current charging phase or the constant current mode mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may refer to a charging phase or a charging mode that controls the current output by the adapter, and does not require the output current of the adapter to remain completely constant.
  • the constant current may be that the current peak value or the average value of the pulsation waveform of the adapter output remains substantially unchanged, or remains substantially constant for a period of time.
  • the adapter typically charges in a constant current charging phase using a piecewise constant current.
  • the multi-stage constant current charging may have M constant current stages (M is an integer not less than 2), and the segmented constant current charging starts the first stage charging with a predetermined charging current, the points
  • M constant current phases of the segment constant current charging are sequentially performed from the first phase to the (M-1)th phase, and when the previous constant current phase in the constant current phase is transferred to the next constant current phase, the pulsating waveform is
  • the current peak or average value can be small; when the battery voltage reaches the charge termination voltage threshold, the previous constant current phase in the constant current phase will shift to the next constant current phase.
  • the current conversion process between two adjacent constant current phases may be gradual, or may be a stepped jump change.
  • the device to be charged in the embodiment of the present application may be, for example, a terminal or a communication terminal, including but not limited to being configured to be connected via a wire line (eg, via a public switched telephone network (public) Switched telephone network (PSTN), digital subscriber line (DSL), digital cable, direct cable connection, and/or another data connection/network) and/or via (eg, for cellular networks, wireless local area networks (wireless) Local area network, WLAN), a digital television network such as a digital video broadcasting handheld (DVB-H) network, a satellite network, an amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) broadcast transmitter, and A device that receives/transmits a communication signal by a wireless interface of another communication terminal.
  • a wire line eg, via a public switched telephone network (public) Switched telephone network (PSTN), digital subscriber line (DSL), digital cable, direct cable connection, and/or another data connection/network
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • DSL digital subscriber
  • Wireless communication terminals that are arranged to communicate over a wireless interface may be referred to as “wireless communication terminals,” “wireless terminals,” and/or “mobile terminals.”
  • mobile terminals include, but are not limited to, satellite or cellular telephones; personal communication system (PCS) terminals that can combine cellular radio telephones with data processing, fax, and data communication capabilities; may include radio telephones, pagers, the Internet/ Intranet access, web browser, memo pad, calendar, and/or personal digital assistant (PDA) for global positioning system (GPS) receivers; and conventional laptop and/or palm Receiver or other electronic device including a radiotelephone transceiver.
  • PCS personal communication system
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the charging current when the voltage of the pulsation waveform output by the adapter is directly applied to both ends of the battery of the device to be charged to charge the battery, the charging current may be characterized in the form of a pulse wave such as a skull wave. It can be understood that the charging current can charge the battery in an intermittent manner, and the period of the charging current can follow the frequency of the input alternating current (for example, the frequency of the alternating current grid), for example, the frequency corresponding to the period of the charging current is the frequency of the grid. Integer multiple or reciprocal multiple. Moreover, when the charging current can charge the battery in an intermittent manner, the current waveform corresponding to the charging current may be one or a group of pulses synchronized with the power grid.
  • the battery can receive the pulsating direct current output by the adapter (the direction is constant, and the magnitude of the amplitude changes with time) ), alternating current (both directions and amplitudes change with time) or constant direct current (ie, amplitude magnitude and direction do not change with time).
  • the adapter the direction is constant, and the magnitude of the amplitude changes with time
  • alternating current both directions and amplitudes change with time
  • constant direct current ie, amplitude magnitude and direction do not change with time.
  • the device to be charged usually only includes a single cell, and when a large charging current is used to charge the single cell, the heating phenomenon of the device to be charged is more serious.
  • the battery structure in the charging device is modified in the embodiment of the present application, and a plurality of cells connected in series are introduced, and The multi-cell battery is directly charged. The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device to be charged according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device to be charged 10 of FIG. 1 includes a charging interface 11 and a first charging circuit 12.
  • the first charging circuit 12 is connected to the charging interface 11.
  • the first charging circuit 12 receives the output voltage and the output current of the adapter through the charging interface 11, and directly loads the output voltage and the output current of the adapter into the two ends of the multi-section battery 13 connected in series in the device to be charged, for multiple sections
  • the battery cell 13 is directly charged.
  • the embodiment of the present application charges the multi-section battery 13 in a direct charge manner through the first charging circuit 12.
  • the direct charging scheme can reduce the heat generation of the device to be charged to a certain extent, but when the output current of the adapter is too large, if the output current of the adapter reaches 5A-10A, the heating phenomenon of the device to be charged will still be serious, thereby There may be a safety hazard.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further remodels the cell structure inside the charging device, and introduces a plurality of cells connected in series, compared with the single cell solution.
  • the charging current required for the multi-cell is about 1/N of the charging current required for a single cell (N is the number of cells connected in series in the device to be charged),
  • N is the number of cells connected in series in the device to be charged
  • a charging current of 9 A is required for a single cell of 3000 mAh.
  • two sections of 1500 mAH can be used. The cells are connected in series to replace the single-cell battery of 3000mAh. In this way, only a charging current of 4.5A is required to achieve a charging rate of 3C, and a charging current of 4.5A is caused by a charging current of 9A. The heat is significantly lower.
  • the output voltage of the adapter received by the first charging circuit 12 needs to be greater than the total voltage of the multi-cell 13; in general, The operating voltage of a single cell is between 3.0V and 4.35V. Taking the dual cell series as an example, the output voltage of the adapter can be set to be greater than or equal to 10V.
  • the type of the charging interface 11 is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • it may be a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface
  • the USB interface may be a standard USB interface or a micro USB.
  • the interface can also be a Type-C interface.
  • the first charging circuit 12 can charge the multi-cell 13 through a power line in the USB interface, wherein the power line in the USB interface can be a VBus line and/or a ground line in the USB interface.
  • the multi-cell 13 in the embodiment of the present application may be a battery with the same specifications or similar parameters, and the batteries with the same or similar specifications are convenient for unified management, and the batteries with the same specifications or similar parameters can be improved.
  • multi-section cells 13 connected in series can divide the output voltage of the adapter.
  • the device to be charged (or the device in the device to be charged, or the chip in the device to be charged) is generally powered by a single cell, and the embodiment of the present application introduces a multi-section cell connected in series with each other, and the total number of multi-cell cells
  • the voltage is high and is not suitable for directly supplying power to the device to be charged (or the device in the device to be charged, or the chip in the device to be charged).
  • a feasible implementation manner is to adjust the working voltage of the device to be charged (or the device in the device to be charged, or the chip in the device to be charged) so that it can support multi-cell battery power supply, but
  • the implementation method has a large modification to the charging device and a high cost.
  • the implementation according to an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 to solve the problem of how to supply power under the multi-cell battery scheme.
  • the device to be charged 10 may further include a buck circuit 21 and a power supply circuit 22.
  • the input end of the step-down circuit 21 is connected to both ends of the multi-section cell 13.
  • the step-down circuit 21 is for converting the total voltage of the multi-section cells 13 into a first voltage V1, where a ⁇ V1 ⁇ b.
  • a represents the minimum operating voltage of the device to be charged 10 (or the device within the device to be charged 10, or the chip within the device to be charged 10).
  • b denotes the maximum operating voltage of the device to be charged 10 (or the device within the device to be charged 10, or the chip within the device to be charged 10).
  • the power supply circuit 22 is connected to the output of the step-down circuit 21. The power supply circuit 22 supplies power to the device 10 to be charged based on the first voltage.
  • the embodiment of the present application introduces the step-down circuit 21 on the basis of the embodiment described in FIG. 1.
  • the total voltage of the multi-cell 13 is first stepped down by the step-down circuit 21 to obtain the first step.
  • a voltage because the first voltage is between the minimum operating voltage and the maximum operating voltage of the device 10 to be charged, can be directly used to supply power to the device to be charged, and solves the problem of how to supply power under the multi-cell cell scheme.
  • the total voltage of the multi-cell 13 is changed according to the change of the electric quantity of the multi-cell 13 . Therefore, the total voltage of the multi-cell 13 above may refer to the multi-cell 13 Current total voltage.
  • the operating voltage of a single cell can be between 3.0V and 4.35V. Assuming that the multi-cell contains 2 cells and the current voltage of both cells is 3.5V, the multi-section above The total voltage of the core 13 is 7V.
  • the step-down circuit 21 can The total voltage of the multi-cell 13 is lowered to any value in the interval of 3.0V - 4.35V.
  • the step-down circuit 21 can be implemented in various ways. For example, a step-down circuit can be implemented by using a circuit such as a Buck circuit or a charge pump.
  • the buck circuit 21 may be a charge pump, and the total voltage of the multi-cell 13 can be directly reduced to 1/N of the current total voltage by the charge pump, where N represents the The number of cells included in the battery cell 13.
  • Traditional Buck circuits include devices such as switching transistors and inductors. Since the power loss of the inductor is relatively large, the step-down of the Buck circuit results in a relatively large power loss.
  • the charge pump mainly uses the switch tube and the capacitor to step down. The capacitor basically does not consume extra energy. Therefore, the charge pump can reduce the power loss caused by the step-down process.
  • the switch tube inside the charge pump controls the charging and discharging of the capacitor in a certain manner, so that the input voltage is reduced by a certain factor (the factor selected in the embodiment of the present application is 1/N), thereby obtaining the required voltage.
  • the device to be charged 10 may further include a power supply circuit 32.
  • the input end of the power supply circuit 32 is connected to both ends of any single cell in the multi-section cell 13.
  • the power supply circuit 32 supplies power to the devices within the device 10 to be charged based on the voltage of the single cell 13.
  • the voltage after the step-down processing of the step-down circuit may cause ripple, thereby affecting the power quality of the device to be charged.
  • the embodiment of the present application directly from the two ends of a single cell in the multi-section cell 13 The power supply voltage is extracted to supply power to the device to be charged. Since the voltage output from the battery is relatively stable, the embodiment of the present application can maintain the power supply of the device to be charged while solving the problem of how to supply power under the multi-cell solution. quality.
  • the device to be charged 10 may further include an equalization circuit 33.
  • the equalization circuit 33 is connected to the multi-section cell 13.
  • the equalization circuit 33 is for equalizing the voltage between the cells in the multi-section cells 13.
  • the battery core (hereinafter referred to as the main battery core, the remaining battery core is called the slave battery core) for supplying power to the device to be charged will continue to consume power, resulting in the main battery and the slave battery.
  • the voltage between them is not balanced (or the voltage is inconsistent).
  • the voltage imbalance between the multi-cells 13 reduces the overall performance of the multi-cell 13 and affects the service life of the multi-cell 13.
  • the voltage imbalance between the multi-cells 13 causes the multi-section cells 13 to be more difficult to manage uniformly. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application introduces the equalization circuit 33 to balance the voltage between the cells in the multi-section cell 13, thereby improving the overall performance of the multi-cell 13 and facilitating unified management of the multi-cell 13.
  • the equalization circuit 33 is implemented in many ways. For example, you can connect the load at both ends of the cell and consume From the power of the battery, it is consistent with the power of the main battery, so that the voltage of the main battery and the battery are consistent. Alternatively, it is possible to charge the cell from the cell until the voltage of the main cell and the cell coincide.
  • the multi-cell cell 13 includes a first core 131 and a second core 132, and the equalization circuit 33 is capacitively coupled to the first core 131 and the second core 132. The power is transferred between.
  • the voltage between the cells is balanced by capacitive coupling in the equalization circuit, thereby improving the overall performance of the multi-cell 13 and facilitating the management of the multi-cell 13.
  • the first cell 131 may be a slave cell and the second cell 132 may be a master cell.
  • the first cell 131 can transfer the amount of electricity to the second cell 132 through the equalization circuit 33.
  • the first battery core 131 and the second battery core 132 may be a single battery core, or may be two or more battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the equalization circuit 33 may include:
  • the first conversion unit 331 is configured to receive a DC voltage output by the first battery core 131, and convert the DC voltage output by the first battery core into a first AC voltage;
  • the first voltage adjusting unit 3320 is configured to receive the first alternating current voltage, and convert the first alternating current voltage into a second alternating current voltage, wherein a magnitude of the second alternating current voltage is greater than a width of the first alternating current voltage value;
  • first capacitive coupling unit 333 coupling the second alternating current voltage to the second converting unit 334 in a capacitive coupling manner
  • second converting unit 334 The second alternating voltage is converted to a first charging voltage to charge the second battery core 132.
  • the first charging voltage may be a direct current voltage.
  • the first converting unit 331 may include an inverter circuit.
  • the second conversion unit 334 may include a rectifier circuit.
  • the second conversion unit 334 can include a full bridge rectifier circuit, or a rectifier diode.
  • the first voltage adjustment unit 3320 includes a first resonating unit 332 for receiving the first alternating voltage and resonating the The first alternating voltage is converted to the second alternating voltage.
  • the equalization circuit 33 generates a second alternating voltage in a resonant manner, and converts the second alternating current voltage into the first through the first capacitive coupling voltage 333 and the second converting unit 334.
  • the charging voltage is used to charge the second cell. Since the amplitude of the second alternating voltage is greater than the amplitude of the first alternating voltage, the efficiency of the power transfer can be improved.
  • the equalization circuit increases the amplitude of the first alternating current voltage in a resonant manner to obtain the second alternating current voltage, and the first resonant unit 332 adopts a simple circuit structure, small occupied volume, and high reliability. .
  • the first resonating unit 332 may include a multi-stage resonant circuit, and may also include a first-order resonant circuit, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • the first resonant circuit 332 may include a first inductor 41 and a first capacitor 42 connected in series with each other.
  • the first capacitive coupling unit 333 may include at least one capacitor.
  • the input end of the first capacitive coupling unit 333 may be connected to both ends of the first inductor 41.
  • the input end of the first capacitive coupling unit 333 may also be connected to both ends of the first capacitor 42.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 14, the equalization circuit further includes a second voltage adjustment unit 3350 and a second capacitance coupling unit 336.
  • the second converting unit 334 is further configured to receive a DC voltage output by the second battery cell, and convert the DC voltage output by the second battery core 132 into a third AC voltage.
  • the second voltage adjusting unit 3350 is configured to receive the third alternating current voltage, and convert the third alternating current voltage into a fourth alternating current voltage, wherein a magnitude of the fourth alternating current voltage is greater than the third alternating current voltage Amplitude.
  • the second capacitive coupling unit 336 couples the fourth alternating voltage to the first converting unit 331 in a capacitively coupled manner, and the first converting unit 331 converts the fourth alternating voltage into a second charging voltage , charging the first battery 131.
  • the equalization circuit 33 supports the first conversion unit 331 to transfer the power to the second conversion unit 334, and also supports the movement of the power from the second conversion unit 334 to the first conversion unit 331. Thereby, the volume of the equalization circuit 33 is saved, and the efficiency of moving the power of the equalization circuit is improved.
  • the second voltage adjusting unit 3350 includes a second resonating unit 335 for receiving the third alternating current voltage to resonately The three alternating voltages are converted to the fourth alternating voltage.
  • the equalization circuit 33 supports the first conversion unit 331 to transfer the power to the second conversion unit 334, and also supports the second conversion unit 334 to the first conversion list. Yuan 331 moves the power. Thereby, the volume of the equalization circuit 33 is saved, and the efficiency of moving the power of the equalization circuit is improved.
  • the second charging voltage may be a direct current voltage.
  • the first resonating unit 332 may include a first inductor 41 and a first capacitor 42
  • the second resonating unit 335 may include the first inductor 41 and the second capacitor 44 (refer to FIG. 16 ) .
  • the first resonating unit 332 and the second resonating unit 335 may share the first inductance 41 (see FIG. 16), thereby reducing the volume of the equalization circuit.
  • Fig. 16 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a resonance circuit of another embodiment of the present application.
  • the first resonating unit 332 may include a first inductor 41 and a first capacitor 42
  • the second resonating unit 335 may include a first inductor 41 and a second capacitor 44 . That is, the first resonating unit 332 and the second resonating unit 335 can share the first inductance 41.
  • the first end of the first inductor 41 can be coupled to the first end of the first capacitor 42 and the first end of the second capacitor 44.
  • the second end of the first inductor 42 can be connected to the input end of the first capacitive coupling unit 333, and the second end of the first inductor 42 can also be connected to the input end of the second capacitive coupling unit 336.
  • the second end of the first capacitor 42 may be connected to the first conversion unit 331.
  • the second end of the second capacitor 44 can be connected to the second conversion unit 334.
  • the first capacitive coupling unit 333 may include a second capacitor 44.
  • the second capacitive coupling unit 336 can include a first capacitor 42.
  • the first capacitive coupling unit 333 may further include a third capacitor 46 and a switch K2.
  • the second capacitive coupling unit 336 may further include a fourth capacitor 48 and a switch K1.
  • the switch K1 can be turned on, the switch K2 can be turned off, the third capacitor 46 can be connected to the circuit, and the fourth capacitor 48 can be disconnected from the circuit.
  • the switch K2 can be turned on, the switch K1 is turned off, the fourth capacitor 48 is connected to the circuit, and the third capacitor 46 is disconnected from the circuit.
  • the first conversion unit 331 can implement both the function of the inverter circuit and the function of the rectifier circuit.
  • the first conversion unit 331 may be a full bridge synchronous rectification circuit, and those skilled in the art can understand that the full bridge synchronous rectification circuit can also implement the function of the inverter circuit.
  • the second conversion unit 334 can implement both the function of the inverter circuit and the function of the rectifier circuit.
  • the second conversion unit 334 can be Full-bridge synchronous rectification circuit, those skilled in the art can understand that the full-bridge synchronous rectification circuit can also realize the function of the inverter circuit.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization circuit of another embodiment of the present application.
  • the equalization circuit 33 further includes: a first control unit 337, where the voltage of the first battery core 131 is greater than the voltage of the second battery core 132, the control station The first voltage adjusting unit 3320 and the first capacitive coupling unit 333 operate to charge the second battery core 132; when the voltage of the second battery core 132 is greater than the voltage of the first battery core 131 Next, the second voltage adjusting unit 3350 and the second capacitive coupling unit 336 are controlled to operate to charge the first battery cell 131.
  • FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing an equalization circuit of an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first core 131 and the second core 132 may be cells that are connected in series with each other.
  • the first conversion unit 331 may be a full bridge synchronous rectification circuit, and the first conversion unit 331 includes transistors Q1 to Q4.
  • the second conversion unit 334 may be a full bridge synchronous rectification circuit, and the second conversion unit 334 includes transistors Q5 to Q8.
  • the first resonating unit 332 includes a first inductor 41 and a first capacitor 42.
  • the first capacitive coupling unit 333 includes a second capacitor 44 and a third capacitor 46.
  • the equalization circuit 33 can implement unidirectional power transfer from the first battery 131 to the second battery 132.
  • the first conversion unit 331 may also be other types of inverter circuits.
  • the second conversion unit 334 can also be other types of rectifier circuits. The comparison of the embodiments of the present application is not limited.
  • FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram showing an equalization circuit of still another embodiment of the present application.
  • the first core 131 and the second core 132 may be cells that are connected in series with each other.
  • the first conversion unit 331 may be a full bridge synchronous rectification circuit, and the first conversion unit 331 includes transistors Q1 to Q4.
  • the second conversion unit 334 may be a full bridge synchronous rectification circuit, and the second conversion unit 334 includes transistors Q5 to Q8.
  • the first resonating unit 332 includes a first inductor 41 and a first capacitor 42.
  • the first capacitive coupling unit 333 includes a second capacitor 44 and a third capacitor 46.
  • the second resonating unit 335 includes a first inductor 41 and a second capacitor 44.
  • the second capacitive coupling unit 336 includes a first capacitor 42 and a fourth capacitor 48. Further, the first capacitive coupling unit 333 further includes a switch K1. The second capacitive coupling unit 336 also includes a switch K2. Among them, the switch K1 and the switch K2 may include transistors.
  • the equalization circuit can implement bidirectional power transfer between the first battery cell 131 and the second battery core 132.
  • the switch K1 when the voltage of the first battery 131 is greater than the voltage of the second battery 132 Next, the switch K1 can be turned on, the switch K2 is turned off to control the operation of the first resonating unit 332 and the first capacitive coupling unit 333, and the first cell 131 charges the second cell 132.
  • the second resonance unit 335 and the second capacitance coupling unit 336 are controlled to operate, and the second battery core 132 is The first battery 131 is charged.
  • the adapter As the output power of the adapter becomes larger, the adapter is liable to cause lithium deposition when charging the battery cells in the device to be charged, thereby reducing the service life of the battery cells.
  • the adapter may be controlled to output a pulsating direct current (or a unidirectional pulsating output current, or a pulsating waveform current, or a sinusoidal current). Since the first charging circuit 12 charges the multi-cell 13 in a direct charging manner, the pulsating direct current output from the adapter can be directly loaded to both ends of the multi-cell 13. As shown in FIG. 5, the magnitude of the current of the pulsating direct current is periodically changed. Compared with constant direct current, pulsating direct current can reduce the lithium deposition phenomenon of the battery core and improve the service life of the battery core. In addition, the pulsating direct current can reduce the probability and intensity of the arcing of the contacts of the charging interface compared to the constant direct current, and improve the life of the charging interface.
  • the primary filter circuit and the secondary filter circuit in the adapter can be removed, and the output current of the obtained adapter is pulsed direct current.
  • the output current of the adapter received by the first charging circuit 12 may also be an alternating current (eg, removing the primary filter circuit, the secondary rectifier circuit, and the secondary filter circuit of the adapter, the obtained adapter
  • the output current is AC
  • the AC can also reduce the lithium deposition of the lithium battery and improve the service life of the battery.
  • the output voltage and output current of the adapter received by the first charging circuit 12 through the charging interface 11 may be outputted by the adapter in a constant current mode (constant current charging mode or constant current charging phase). Voltage and current.
  • the multi-cell cells 13 may be collectively packaged in one battery 51.
  • the battery 51 can further include a battery protection board 52.
  • the battery protection board 52 can implement functions such as overvoltage and overcurrent protection, battery balance management, and power management.
  • the multi-cell cells 13 may be packaged in a plurality of batteries.
  • the device to be charged 10 may further include: a second charging circuit 61.
  • the second charging circuit 61 may include a boosting circuit 62. Both ends of the booster circuit 62 are connected to the charging interface 11 and the multi-cell 13 respectively.
  • the boost circuit 62 can pass the charging interface 11 receives the output voltage of the adapter, boosts the output voltage of the adapter to the second voltage, and loads the second voltage across the multi-cell 13 to charge the multi-cell 13.
  • the output voltage of the adapter received by the second charging circuit 61 is less than the total voltage of the multi-cell 13 and the second voltage is greater than the total voltage of the multi-cell 13.
  • the first charging circuit 12 directly charges the multi-cell 13 which requires the output voltage of the adapter to be higher than the total voltage of the multi-cell 13.
  • the output voltage of the adapter is required to be at least greater than 8V.
  • the output voltage of the common adapter (such as the related adapter in the above) is generally 5 V, and the multi-section battery 13 cannot be charged by the first charging circuit 12.
  • the embodiment of the present application introduces the second charging circuit 61.
  • the second charging circuit 61 includes a boosting circuit 62.
  • the boosting circuit 62 can raise the output voltage of the adapter to a second voltage, which is greater than the total voltage of the multi-cell 13, thereby solving the problem that the ordinary adapter cannot be connected to each other. The problem of charging the multi-cell 13 is charged.
  • the voltage value of the output voltage of the adapter received by the second charging circuit 61 is not specifically limited.
  • the output voltage of the adapter is lower than the total voltage of the multi-cell 13 by the second charging circuit 61. After the pressing, the multi-cell 13 is charged.
  • the booster circuit is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a Boost boost circuit can be used, and a charge pump can be used for boosting.
  • the second charging circuit 61 may employ a conventional charging circuit design in which a conversion circuit (such as a charging IC) is provided between the charging interface and the battery cells.
  • the conversion circuit can perform constant voltage and constant current control on the charging process of the adapter, and adjust the output voltage of the adapter according to actual needs, such as step-up or step-down.
  • the embodiment of the present application can utilize the boost function of the conversion circuit to boost the output voltage of the adapter to a second voltage higher than the total voltage of the multi-cell 13.
  • the switching between the first charging circuit 12 and the second charging circuit 61 can be implemented by a switch or a control unit, for example, a control unit is provided inside the device to be charged, and the control unit can be adapted according to actual needs (such as the type of the adapter). Flexible switching is performed between the first charging circuit 12 and the second charging circuit 61.
  • the adapter supports the first charging mode and the second charging mode, and the charging speed of the charging device to be charged by the adapter in the second charging mode is faster than the charging speed of the charging device to be charged by the adapter in the first charging mode.
  • the adapter in the first charging mode, charges the multi-cell 13 by the second charging circuit 61, and in the second charging mode, the adapter passes the first charging circuit 12 charges the multi-cell 13 .
  • the adapter operating in the second charging mode is less time consuming to fill the battery of the same capacity than the adapter operating in the first charging mode.
  • the first charging mode may be a normal charging mode
  • the second charging mode may be a fast charging mode.
  • This normal charging mode means that the adapter outputs a relatively small current value (typically less than 2.5 A) or a relatively small power (typically less than 15 W) to charge the battery in the charging device.
  • a relatively small current value typically less than 2.5 A
  • a relatively small power typically less than 15 W
  • the adapter can output a relatively large current
  • the battery in the charging device is charged at a relatively large power (typically greater than or equal to 15 W) or greater than 2.5 A, such as 4.5 A, 5 A or higher.
  • the adapter charges faster in the fast charging mode, and the charging time required to fully charge the battery of the same capacity can be significantly shortened.
  • the charging interface 11 may include a data line
  • the device to be charged 10 further includes a control unit 71
  • the control unit 71 may perform bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control the adapter in the second charging mode.
  • Output Taking the charging interface as a USB interface as an example, the data line can be a D+ line and/or a D- line in the USB interface.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the communication content of the control unit 71 of the adapter and the device to be charged, and the control mode of the control unit 71 for the output of the adapter in the second charging mode.
  • the control unit 71 can communicate with the adapter and interact with each other.
  • the current total voltage or current total power of the multi-cell 13 in the device to be charged, and the output voltage or output current of the adapter is adjusted based on the current total voltage of the multi-cell 13 or the current total power.
  • the communication content between the control unit 71 and the adapter, and the control mode of the control unit 71 for the output of the adapter in the second charging mode will be described in detail below in conjunction with a specific embodiment.
  • the above description of the embodiment of the present application does not limit the master-slave of the adapter and the device to be charged (or the control unit 71 in the device to be charged), in other words, either the adapter and the device to be charged can be used as The master device initiates a two-way communication session, and accordingly the other party can make a first response or a first reply as a slave device initiates communication with the master device.
  • the identity of the master and slave devices can be confirmed by comparing the level of the adapter side and the device to be charged relative to the earth during communication.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific implementation of the two-way communication between the adapter and the device to be charged.
  • the adapter and the device to be charged initiate a communication session as the master device, and the other party acts as the slave device.
  • the party makes the first communication session initiated by the master device
  • the master device can make a second response to the first response or the first reply of the slave device, it can be considered that the negotiation process of the one charging mode is completed between the master and the slave device.
  • the master and slave devices can perform the charging operation between the master and the slave device after completing the negotiation of the multiple charging mode to ensure the safe and reliable charging process after the negotiation. Executed.
  • One way in which the master device can make a second response according to the first response or the first reply of the slave device for the communication session may be that the master device side can receive the slave device side for the communication session. And generating a first response or a first reply, and making a targeted second response according to the received first response or the first reply of the slave device. For example, when the master device receives the first response or the first reply of the slave device for the communication session within a preset time, the master device makes a first response or a first reply to the slave device.
  • the specific second response is specifically: the master device side and the slave device side complete the negotiation of the one charging mode, and the master device side and the slave device side perform the charging operation according to the first charging mode or the second charging mode according to the negotiation result, That is, the adapter works according to the negotiation result to charge the device to be charged in the first charging mode or the second charging mode.
  • One way that the master device can make a further second response according to the first response or the first response of the slave device to the communication session may also be that the master device does not receive the preset time.
  • the master device side also makes a targeted second response to the first response or the first reply of the slave device. For example, when the master device does not receive the first response or the first response of the slave device for the communication session within a preset time, the master device also responds to the first response or the first response of the slave device.
  • the targeted second response is specifically: the master device side and the slave device side complete the negotiation of one charging mode, and the charging operation is performed between the master device side and the slave device side according to the first charging mode, that is, the adapter works at the first Charge the device to be charged in charging mode.
  • the device to be charged when the device to be charged initiates a communication session as the master device, and the adapter makes a first response or a first reply as the slave device initiates the communication session, the device does not need to be charged.
  • the first response or the first reply of the adapter makes a targeted second response, that is, the negotiation process of the charging mode is completed between the adapter and the device to be charged, and the adapter can determine the first charging mode according to the negotiation result or The second charging mode charges the device to be charged.
  • the process in which the control unit 71 performs bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: the control unit 71 Two-way communication with the adapter to negotiate the charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged.
  • the control unit 71 performs two-way communication with the adapter to negotiate a charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged, the control unit 71 receives a first instruction sent by the adapter, and the first instruction is used to query Whether the device to be charged has turned on the second charging mode; the control unit 71 sends a reply command of the first instruction to the adapter, and the reply command of the first command is used to indicate whether the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode; In the case of the two charging mode, the control unit 71 controls the adapter to charge the plurality of cells through the first charging circuit 12.
  • control unit 71 performs bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode, including: the control unit 71 performs two-way communication with the adapter to determine The charging voltage output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the control unit 71 performs two-way communication with the adapter to determine the charging voltage output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged includes: the control unit 71 receives the transmission sent by the adapter a second instruction for inquiring whether an output voltage of the adapter matches a current total voltage of the multi-cell 13 of the device to be charged; the control unit 71 sends a reply instruction of the second instruction to the adapter, and a reply instruction of the second instruction It is used to indicate that the output voltage of the adapter matches, is higher or lower than the current total voltage of the multi-cell 13.
  • the second instruction can be used to query whether the current output voltage of the adapter is suitable as the charging voltage for charging the device to be charged in the second charging mode, and the reply command of the second instruction can be used to indicate the current
  • the output voltage of the adapter is appropriate, high or low.
  • the current output voltage of the adapter matches the current total voltage of the multi-cell, or the current output voltage of the adapter is suitable as the charging output for charging the device to be charged as the adapter output in the second charging mode, which may refer to the current output of the adapter.
  • the voltage is slightly higher than the current total voltage of the multi-cell, and the difference between the output voltage of the adapter and the current total voltage of the multi-cell is within a preset range (typically on the order of a few hundred millivolts).
  • the process in which the control unit 71 performs bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode may include the control unit 71 performing bidirectional communication with the adapter to determine The charging current output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the control unit 71 performs two-way communication with the adapter to determine a charging output for charging the device to be charged by the adapter in the second charging mode.
  • the flow may include: the control unit 71 receives a third instruction sent by the adapter, the third instruction is used to query the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; the control unit 71 sends a reply instruction of the third instruction to the adapter, and the reply instruction of the third instruction It is used to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged, so that the adapter determines the charging current for charging the device to be charged, which is output by the second adapter in the second charging mode, based on the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged.
  • control unit 71 determines various ways of charging current for charging the device to be charged by the second adapter in the second charging mode according to the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged.
  • the second adapter may determine the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged as the charging current for charging the device to be charged outputted by the second adapter in the second charging mode, and may also comprehensively consider the current support of the device to be charged. After the maximum charging current and its own current output capability, the charging current for charging the device to be charged output by the second adapter in the second charging mode is determined.
  • the process in which the control unit 71 performs bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: a process of charging using the second charging mode The control unit 71 performs bidirectional communication with the adapter to adjust the output current of the adapter.
  • the two-way communication between the control unit 71 and the adapter to adjust the output current of the adapter may include: the control unit 71 receives a fourth instruction sent by the adapter, and the fourth instruction is used to query the multi-cell battery The current total voltage; the control unit 71 sends a reply command of the fourth command to the adapter, and the reply command of the fourth command is used to indicate the current total voltage of the multi-cell, so that the adapter adjusts the adapter according to the current total voltage of the multi-cell Output current.
  • control unit 71 is further configured to receive a fifth instruction sent by the adapter, where the fifth instruction is used to indicate that the charging interface 11 is in poor contact.
  • FIG. 9 The communication process between the adapter and the device to be charged (specifically, which can be performed by the control unit in the device to be charged) will be described in more detail below with reference to FIG. It should be noted that the example of FIG. 9 is only intended to help those skilled in the art to understand the embodiments of the present application, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the specific numerical values or specific examples illustrated. A person skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications or changes in the embodiments according to the example of FIG. 9 which are within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the communication flow between the adapter and the device to be charged may include the following five stages:
  • the device to be charged can detect the type of the power supply device through the data lines D+, D-.
  • the current absorbed by the device to be charged may be greater than a preset current threshold I2 (eg, may be 1A).
  • I2 e.g, may be 1A
  • the adapter may consider that the type identification of the device to be charged for the power supply device has been completed. Then, the adapter opens a negotiation process with the device to be charged, and sends an instruction 1 (corresponding to the first instruction) to the device to be charged to ask whether the device to be charged agrees to charge the device to be charged in the second charging mode.
  • the adapter When the adapter receives the reply command of the instruction 1 sent by the device to be charged, and the reply command of the command 1 indicates that the device to be charged does not agree that the adapter charges the device to be charged in the second charging mode, the adapter detects the output current of the adapter again. When the output current of the adapter is still greater than or equal to I2 within a preset continuous time period (for example, may be continuous T1 time), the adapter again sends an instruction 1 to the device to be charged, asking whether the device to be charged agrees to the second charging mode of the adapter. Charge the charging device. The adapter repeats the above steps of stage 1 until the device to be charged agrees that the adapter charges the device to be charged in the second charging mode, or the output current of the adapter no longer satisfies the condition of greater than or equal to I2.
  • a preset continuous time period for example, may be continuous T1 time
  • the output voltage of the adapter can include multiple gear positions.
  • the adapter sends an instruction 2 (corresponding to the second instruction described above) to the device to be charged to inquire whether the output voltage of the adapter (current output voltage) matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (the current total voltage of the multi-cell).
  • the device to be charged sends a reply command of the instruction 2 to the adapter to indicate that the output voltage of the adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (the current total voltage of the multi-cell battery), which is high or low. If the reply command for instruction 2 indicates that the output voltage of the adapter is high or low, the adapter can adjust the output voltage of the adapter to a grid position and send the command 2 to the device to be charged again, and re-query the output voltage of the adapter with the battery. Whether the current voltage (the current total voltage of the multi-cell) matches. Repeat the above steps of phase 2 until the device to be charged determines that the output voltage of the adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (the current total voltage of the multi-cell), and enters phase 3.
  • the adapter sends an instruction 3 (corresponding to the third instruction described above) to the device to be charged, and queries the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged.
  • the device to be charged sends a reply command of instruction 3 to the adapter to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged, and enters phase 4.
  • the adapter determines the charging current output by the adapter for charging the device to be charged in the second charging mode according to the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged, and then enters phase 5, that is, the constant current charging phase.
  • the adapter may send an instruction 4 (corresponding to the fourth instruction described above) to the device to be charged at intervals, and query the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (the current total voltage of the multi-cell).
  • the device to be charged can send a reply command of instruction 4 to the adapter to feed back the current voltage of the battery (the current total voltage of the multi-cell).
  • the adapter can determine if the contact of the charging interface is good and whether the output current of the adapter needs to be reduced according to the current voltage of the battery (the current total voltage of the multi-cell). When the adapter determines that the charging interface is in poor contact, it can send an instruction 5 (corresponding to the fifth instruction described above) to the device to be charged, the adapter will exit the second charging mode, then reset and re-enter phase 1.
  • the reply command of the command 1 may carry the data (or information) of the path impedance of the device to be charged.
  • the path impedance data of the device to be charged can be used to determine if the contact of the charging interface is good at stage 5.
  • the time elapsed from the device to be charged agreeing that the adapter charges the device to be charged in the second charging mode to the time when the adapter adjusts the output voltage of the adapter to a suitable charging voltage may Control is within a certain range. If the time is outside the predetermined range, the adapter or device to be charged may determine that the communication process is abnormal and reset to re-enter Phase 1.
  • the device to be charged may send a reply command of the instruction 2 to the adapter to indicate that the output voltage of the adapter matches the voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (the total voltage of the multi-cell).
  • the adjustment speed of the output current of the adapter can be controlled within a certain range, so as to avoid the charging process being caused by the adjustment speed being too fast. Abnormal.
  • the magnitude of the change in the output current of the adapter can be controlled to within 5%.
  • the adapter in stage 5, can monitor the path impedance of the charging circuit in real time. Specifically, the adapter can monitor the path impedance of the charging circuit according to the output voltage of the adapter, the output current, and the current voltage of the battery (the current total voltage of the multi-cell) fed back by the device to be charged.
  • the path impedance of the charging circuit > “the path impedance of the device to be charged + the impedance of the charging cable”
  • the adapter stops charging the device to be charged in the second charging mode.
  • the communication time interval between the adapter and the device to be charged may be controlled within a certain range to avoid the communication interval being too short. Causes an abnormality in the communication process.
  • the stopping of the charging process (or the stopping of the charging process of the charging device to be charged by the adapter in the second charging mode) may be divided into two types, a recoverable stop and an unrecoverable stop.
  • the charging process is stopped, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process re-enters Phase 1. Then, the device to be charged does not agree that the adapter charges the device to be charged in the second charging mode, and the communication flow does not enter phase 2.
  • the stop of the charging process in this case can be considered as an unrecoverable stop.
  • the charging process is stopped, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process re-enters Phase 1. After meeting the requirements of Phase 1, the device to be charged agrees that the adapter charges the device to be charged in the second charging mode to resume the charging process.
  • the stopping of the charging process in this case can be regarded as a recoverable stop.
  • the device to be charged detects an abnormality in the battery (multiple cells)
  • the charging process is stopped, resetting and re-entering phase 1. Then, the device to be charged does not agree that the adapter charges the device to be charged in the second charging mode.
  • the battery multi-cell battery
  • the device to be charged agrees that the adapter charges the device to be charged in the second charging mode.
  • the stop of the fast charge process in this case can be considered as a recoverable stop.
  • the handshake communication between the device to be charged and the adapter may also be initiated by the device to be charged, that is, the device to be charged sends an instruction 1 to inquire whether the adapter turns on the second charging mode.
  • the adapter starts charging the battery (multiple cells) of the device to be charged in the second charging mode.
  • a constant voltage charging phase can also be included.
  • the device to be charged can feed back the current voltage of the battery (the current total voltage of the multi-cell) to the adapter, and when the current voltage of the battery (the current total voltage of the multi-cell) reaches the constant voltage charging voltage At the threshold, the charging phase transitions from the constant current charging phase to the constant voltage charging phase.
  • the charging current is gradually decreased, and when the current drops to a certain threshold, it indicates that the battery (multiple cells) of the device to be charged has been fully charged, and the entire charging process is stopped.
  • the embodiment of the device of the present application is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 9 .
  • the method embodiment of the present application is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 10 . It should be understood that the description of the method side corresponds to the description of the device side. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a charging method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging method of FIG. 10 can be used to charge a device to be charged, the device to be charged including a charging interface,
  • the method of Figure 10 includes the following steps.
  • the output voltage and the output current of the adapter are directly loaded on both ends of the multi-cells connected in series in the device to be charged, and the multi-cell is directly charged.
  • the method of FIG. 10 may further include: powering a device in the device to be charged based on a voltage of a single cell in the plurality of cells, the single cell It is any one of the multi-cell cells.
  • the method of FIG. 10 may further include: equalizing a voltage between each of the plurality of cells.
  • the multi-cell cell includes a first cell and a second cell, and the voltage between the cells in the multi-cell is equalized, including: a capacitor The manner of coupling performs power transfer between the first cell and the second cell.
  • the performing the power transfer between the first cell and the second cell in a capacitive coupling manner comprising: receiving a DC voltage output by the first cell, and Converting a DC voltage outputted by the first battery cell to a first AC voltage; receiving the first AC voltage, converting the first AC voltage to a second AC voltage, wherein a magnitude of the second AC voltage Greater than the magnitude of the first alternating voltage; coupling the second alternating voltage to the capacitive coupling a second conversion unit that converts the second alternating voltage into a first charging voltage by the second converting unit to charge the second battery core.
  • the converting the first alternating voltage to the second alternating voltage comprises: converting the first alternating voltage to the second alternating voltage in a resonant manner.
  • the method of FIG. 10 may further include: receiving a DC voltage output by the second cell, and converting a DC voltage output by the second cell to a third AC voltage; receiving The third alternating voltage, and the third alternating voltage is converted into a fourth alternating voltage, wherein the amplitude of the fourth alternating voltage is greater than the amplitude of the third alternating voltage; The fourth alternating voltage is coupled to the first converting unit, and the fourth alternating voltage is converted into a second charging voltage by the first converting unit to charge the first core.
  • the converting the third alternating voltage to the fourth alternating voltage comprises: converting the third alternating voltage into the fourth alternating voltage in a resonant manner.
  • the converting the first alternating current voltage into the second alternating current voltage in a resonant manner comprises: resonating the first inductor and the first capacitor Converting an alternating voltage into the second alternating voltage; converting the third alternating voltage to the fourth alternating voltage in a resonant manner, comprising: resonating by the first inductor and the second capacitor Converting the third alternating voltage to the fourth alternating voltage.
  • the method of FIG. 10 may further include: charging the second cell in a case where a voltage of the first cell is greater than a voltage of the second cell; The first cell is charged when the voltage of the second cell is greater than the voltage of the first cell.
  • the method of FIG. 10 may further include: boosting an output voltage of the adapter to a second voltage; loading the second voltage at both ends of the multi-cell, Charging the plurality of cells, wherein the second voltage is greater than a total voltage of the plurality of cells.
  • the adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode, wherein the adapter charges the device to be charged faster than the adapter in the second charging mode The charging speed of the device to be charged in a charging mode.
  • the charging interface includes a data line
  • the method of FIG. 10 further includes: performing bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control the second charging mode.
  • the output of the adapter is a data line
  • the process of performing bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control an output of the adapter in the second charging mode may include: The adapter performs two-way communication to negotiate a charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the adapter to negotiate a charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged may include: receiving a first instruction sent by the adapter, where The first instruction is used to query whether the device to be charged turns on the second charging mode; send a reply instruction of the first instruction to the adapter, and the reply instruction of the first instruction is used to indicate the to-be-charged Whether the device agrees to turn on the second charging mode; and in the case that the device to be charged agrees to turn on the second charging mode, the adapter is controlled to charge the multi-cell by the first charging circuit.
  • the process of bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control an output of the adapter in the second charging mode may include: Two-way communication is performed to determine a charging voltage output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the adapter determines that a charging voltage output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged may be The method includes: receiving a second instruction sent by the adapter, the second instruction is used to query whether an output voltage of the adapter matches a current total voltage of a plurality of cells of the device to be charged; sending the device to the adapter The reply instruction of the second instruction is used to indicate that the output voltage of the adapter matches, is higher or lower than the current total voltage of the multi-cell.
  • the process of bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control an output of the adapter in the second charging mode may include: Two-way communication is performed to determine a charging current output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the adapter determines that a charging current output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged may be The method includes: receiving a third instruction sent by the adapter, the third instruction is used to query a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; and sending a reply instruction of the third instruction to the adapter, the third The command output command is used to indicate a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged, so that the adapter determines the second adapter in the second charging mode based on a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged Output for the to-be-charged The charging current that the electrical device is charging.
  • the process of performing bidirectional communication with the adapter through the data line to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: using During the charging of the second charging mode, two-way communication with the adapter is performed to adjust the output current of the adapter.
  • the two-way communication with the adapter to adjust an output current of the adapter may include receiving a fourth instruction sent by the adapter, the fourth instruction being used to query a location Determining a current total voltage of the plurality of cells; transmitting a reply command of the fourth command to the adapter, the reply command of the fourth command is used to indicate a current total voltage of the multi-cell, so that the adapter The output current of the adapter is adjusted according to the current total voltage of the plurality of cells.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit. It is also possible that each unit physically exists alone, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present application which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种待充电设备和充电方法，待充电设备包括：充电接口；第一充电电路，第一充电电路与充电接口相连，通过充电接口接收适配器的输出电压和输出电流，并将适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在待充电设备内的相互串联的多节电芯的两端，对多节电芯进行直充。本申请实施例在保证充电速度的前提下，能够降低充电过程的发热量。

Description

待充电设备和充电方法
本申请要求于2016年10月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为PCT/CN2016/101944、发明名称为“移动终端”的PCT专利申请以及2017年02月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为PCT/CN2017/073653、发明名称为“待充电设备和充电方法”的PCT专利申请优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及充电技术领域，并且更为具体地，涉及一种待充电设备和充电方法。
背景技术
目前，待充电设备(例如智能手机)越来越受到消费者的青睐，但是待充电设备耗电量大，需要经常充电。
为了提高充电速度，一种可行的方案是采用大电流为待充电设备进行充电。充电电流越大，待充电设备的充电速度越快，但待充电设备的发热问题也越严重。
因此，在保证充电速度的前提下，如何降低待充电设备的发热是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种待充电设备和充电方法，在保证充电速度的前提下，能够降低待充电设备的发热量。
第一方面，提供一种待充电设备，所述待充电设备包括：充电接口；第一充电电路，所述第一充电电路与所述充电接口相连，通过所述充电接口接收适配器的输出电压和输出电流，并将所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在所述待充电设备内的相互串联的多节电芯的两端，对所述多节电芯进行直充；均衡电路，所述均衡电路与所述多节电芯相连，用于均衡所述多节电芯中的各电芯之间的电压。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述多节电芯包括第一 电芯和第二电芯，所述均衡电路以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯和所述第二电芯之间进行电量搬移。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述均衡电路包括：第一转换单元，用于接收所述第一电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第一电芯输出的直流电压转换为第一交流电压；第一电压调整单元，用于接收所述第一交流电压，将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，其中所述第二交流电压的幅值大于所述第一交流电压的幅值；第一电容耦合单元和第二转换单元，所述第一电容耦合单元以电容耦合的方式将所述第二交流电压耦合至所述第二转换单元，所述第二转换单元将所述第二交流电压转换成第一充电电压，为所述第二电芯充电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一电压调整单元包括第一谐振单元，所述第一谐振单元用于接收所述第一交流电压，并以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述均衡电路还包括第二电压调整单元和第二电容耦合单元，所述第二转换单元还用于接收所述第二电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第二电芯输出的直流电压转换为第三交流电压；所述第二电压调整单元用于接收所述第三交流电压，将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，其中所述第四交流电压的幅值大于所述第三交流电压的幅值；所述第二电容耦合单元以电容耦合的方式将所述第四交流电压耦合至所述第一转换单元，所述第一转换单元将所述第四交流电压转换成第二充电电压，为所述第一电芯充电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二电压调整单元包括第二谐振单元，所述第二谐振单元用于接收所述第三交流电压，以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一谐振单元包括第一电感和第一电容，所述第二谐振单元包括所述第一电感和第二电容。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述均衡电路还包括：第一控制单元，在所述第一电芯的电压大于所述第二电芯的电压的情况下，控制所述第一电压调整单元和所述第一电容耦合单元工作，为所述第二电芯充电；在所述第二电芯的电压大于所述第一电芯的电压的情况下，控制所述第二电压调整单元和所述第二电容耦合单元工作，为所述第一电芯充电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述多节电芯包括第一电芯和第二电芯，所述均衡电路以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯和所述第二电芯之间进行电量搬移。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述均衡电路包括：第一转换单元，用于接收所述第一电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第一电芯输出的直流电压转换为第一交流电压；第一电压调整单元，用于接收所述第一交流电压，将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，其中所述第二交流电压的幅值大于所述第一交流电压的幅值；第一电容耦合单元和第二转换单元，所述第一电容耦合单元以电容耦合的方式将所述第二交流电压耦合至所述第二转换单元，所述第二转换单元将所述第二交流电压转换成第一充电电压，为所述第二电芯充电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一电压调整单元包括第一谐振单元，所述第一谐振单元用于接收所述第一交流电压，并以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述均衡电路还包括第二电压调整单元和第二电容耦合单元，
所述第二转换单元还用于接收所述第二电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第二电芯输出的直流电压转换为第三交流电压；所述第二电压调整单元用于接收所述第三交流电压，将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，其中所述第四交流电压的幅值大于所述第三交流电压的幅值；所述第二电容耦合单元以电容耦合的方式将所述第四交流电压耦合至所述第一转换单元，所述第一转换单元将所述第四交流电压转换成第二充电电压，为所述第一电芯充电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二电压调整单元包括第二谐振单元，所述第二谐振单元用于接收所述第三交流电压，以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一谐振单元包括第一电感和第一电容，所述第二谐振单元包括所述第一电感和第二电容。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述均衡电路还包括：控制单元，在所述第一电芯的电压大于所述第二电芯的电压的情况下，控制所述第一电压调整单元和所述第一电容耦合单元工作，为所述第二电芯充电；在所述第二电芯的电压大于所述第一电芯的电压的情况下，控制所述第二电 压调整单元和所述第二电容耦合单元工作，为所述第一电芯充电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述待充电设备还包括：供电电路，所述供电电路的输入端与所述多节电芯中的任意单节电芯的两端相连，所述供电电路基于所述单节电芯的电压为所述待充电设备内的器件供电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一充电电路接收到的所述适配器的输出电流为脉动直流电、交流电或恒定直流电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一充电电路通过所述充电接口接收到的所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流为所述适配器在恒流模式下输出的电压和电流。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述待充电设备还包括：第二充电电路，所述第二充电电路包括升压电路，所述升压电路的两端分别与所述充电接口和所述多节电芯相连，所述升压电路通过所述充电接口接收适配器的输出电压，将所述适配器的输出电压升压至第二电压，并将所述第二电压加载在所述多节电芯的两端，为所述多节电芯充电，其中所述第二充电电路接收到的所述适配器的输出电压小于所述多节电芯的总电压，所述第二电压大于所述多节电芯的总电压。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二充电电路接收到的所述适配器的输出电压为5V。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度，在所述第一充电模式下，所述适配器通过所述第二充电电路为所述多节电芯充电，在所述第二充电模式下，所述适配器通过所述第一充电电路为所述多节电芯充电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述充电接口包括数据线，所述待充电设备还包括控制单元，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以协 商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式，包括：所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；所述控制单元向所述适配器发送所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，所述控制单元控制所述适配器通过所述第一充电电路为所述多节电芯充电。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压，包括：所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的多节电芯的当前总电压是否匹配；所述控制单元向所述适配器发送所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述适配器的输出电压与所述多节电芯的当前总电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，包括：所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；所述控制单元向所述适配器发送所述第三指令的回复指令，所述 第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流，以便所述适配器基于所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程，包括：在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流，包括：所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述多节电芯的当前总电压；所述控制单元向所述适配器发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述多节电芯的当前总电压，以便所述适配器根据所述多节电芯的当前总电压，调整所述适配器的输出电流。
第二方面，提供一种充电方法，所述充电方法用于为待充电设备充电，所述待充电设备包括充电接口，所述方法包括：通过所述充电接口接收适配器的输出电压和输出电流；将所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在所述待充电设备内的相互串联的多节电芯的两端，对所述多节电芯进行直充；均衡所述多节电芯中的各电芯之间的电压。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述多节电芯包括第一电芯和第二电芯，所述均衡所述多节电芯中的各电芯之间的电压，包括：以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯和所述第二电芯之间进行电量搬移。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯和所述第二电芯之间进行电量搬移，包括：接收第一电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第一电芯输出的直流电压转换为第一交流电压；接收所述第一交流电压，将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，其中所述第二交流电压的幅值大于所述第一交流电压的幅值；以电容耦合的方式将所述第二交流电压耦合至第二转换单元，通过所述第二转换单元将所述第二交流电压转换成第一充电电压，为所述第二电芯充电。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，包括：以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所 述第二交流电压。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：接收所述第二电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第二电芯输出的直流电压转换为第三交流电压；接收所述第三交流电压，并将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，其中所述第四交流电压的幅值大于所述第三交流电压的幅值；以电容耦合的方式将所述第四交流电压耦合至所述第一转换单元，通过所述第一转换单元将所述第四交流电压转换成第二充电电压，为所述第一电芯充电。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，包括：以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：接收所述第二电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第二电芯输出的直流电压转换为第三交流电压；接收所述第三交流电压，并将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，其中所述第四交流电压的幅值大于所述第三交流电压的幅值；以电容耦合的方式将所述第四交流电压耦合至所述第一转换单元，通过所述第一转换单元将所述第四交流电压转换成第二充电电压，为所述第一电芯充电。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，包括：以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压，包括：通过第一电感和第一电容以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压；所述以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压，包括：通过所述第一电感和第二电容以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：在所述第一电芯的电压大于所述第二电芯的电压的情况下，控制第一电压调整单元和第一电容耦合单元工作，为所述第二电芯充电；在所述第二电芯的电压大于所述第一电芯的电压的情况下，控制第二电压调整单元和第二电容耦合单元工作，为所述第一电芯充电。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：基于所述多节电芯中的单节电芯的电压为所述待充电设备内的器件供电，所述单 节电芯为所述多节电芯中的任意一节。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：将所述适配器的输出电压升压至第二电压；将所述第二电压加载在所述多节电芯的两端，为所述多节电芯充电，其中所述第二电压大于所述多节电芯的总电压。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述充电接口包括数据线，所述方法还包括：通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：与所述适配器进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式，包括：接收所述适配器发送的第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；向所述适配器发送所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，控制所述适配器通过所述第一充电电路为所述多节电芯充电。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压，包括：接收所述适配器发送的第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的多节电芯 的当前总电压是否匹配；向所述适配器发送所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述适配器的输出电压与所述多节电芯的当前总电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，包括：接收所述适配器发送的第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；向所述适配器发送所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流，以便所述适配器基于所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程，包括：在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流，包括：接收所述适配器发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述多节电芯的当前总电压；向所述适配器发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述多节电芯的当前总电压，以便所述适配器根据所述多节电芯的当前总电压，调整所述适配器的输出电流。
本申请首先通过第一充电电路对多节电芯进行直充，并在直充方案的基础上对待充电设备内部的电芯结构进行了改造，引入了相互串联的多节电芯，与单电芯方案相比，如果要达到同等的充电速度，多节电芯所需的充电电流为单节电芯所需的充电电流的1/N(N为待充电设备内的相互串联的电芯的数目)，换句话说，与单电芯方案相比，在保证同等充电速度的前提下，本申请可以大幅降低充电电流的大小，从而减少待充电设备在充电过程的发热 量。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请一个实施例的待充电设备的示意性结构图。
图2是根据本申请另一实施例的待充电设备的示意性结构图。
图3是根据本申请又一实施例的待充电设备的示意性结构图。
图4是根据本申请又一实施例的待充电设备的示意性结构图。
图5是根据本申请实施例的脉动直流电的波形示意图。
图6是根据本申请又一实施例的待充电设备的示意性结构图。
图7是根据本申请又一实施例的待充电设备的示意性结构图。
图8是根据本申请又一实施例的待充电设备的示意性结构图。
图9是根据本申请实施例的快充过程的流程图。
图10是根据本申请实施例的充电方法的示意性流程图。
图11是根据本申请实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。
图12是根据本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。
图13是根据本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。
图14是根据本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。
图15是根据本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。
图16是根据本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。
图17是根据本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。
图18是根据本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的电路示意图。
图19是根据本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的电路示意图。
具体实施方式
在描述本申请实施例提出的待充电设备和充电方法之前，先来描述一下相关技术中给待充电设备充电的适配器，即下述可称为“相关适配器”。
相关适配器工作在恒压模式下时，其输出的电压基本维持恒定，比如5V、9V、12V或20V等。
相关适配器输出的电压并不适合直接加载到电池两端，而是需要先经过待充电设备内的变换电路进行变换，以得到待充电设备内的电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。所述充电电流可为直流电。
变换电路用于对相关适配器输出的电压进行变换，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求。
作为一种示例，该变换电路可指充电管理模块，例如可以是待充电设备中的充电集成电路(integrated circuit，IC)。在电池的充电过程中，变换电路可用于对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流进行管理。该变换电路可以具有电压反馈功能和电流反馈功能中的至少一种，以实现对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流的管理。
举例来说，电池的充电过程可包括涓流充电阶段、恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段中的至少一个。在涓流充电阶段，变换电路可利用电流反馈环使得在涓流充电阶段进入到电池的电流的大小满足电池所预期的充电电流的大小(譬如第一充电电流)。在恒流充电阶段，变换电路可利用电流反馈环使得在恒流充电阶段进入电池的电流的大小满足电池所预期的充电电流的大小(譬如第二充电电流，该第二充电电流可大于第一充电电流)。在恒压充电阶段，变换电路可利用电压反馈环使得在恒压充电阶段加载到电池两端的电压的大小满足电池所预期的充电电压的大小。
作为一种示例，当相关适配器输出的电压大于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路可用于对相关适配器输出的电压进行降压转换处理，以使降压转换后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。作为又一种示例，当相关适配器输出的电压小于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路可用于对相关适配器输出的电压进行升压转换处理，以使升压转换后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
作为又一示例，以相关适配器输出5V恒定电压为例，当相关适配器为单个电芯(以锂电池电芯为例，单个电芯的充电截止电压一般为4.2V)充电时，变换电路(例如Buck降压电路)可对相关适配器输出的电压进行降压转换处理，以使得降压后得到的充电电压满足单个电芯所预期的充电电压需求。
作为又一示例，以相关适配器输出5V恒定电压为例，当相关适配器为相互串联的多个(两个或两个以上)电芯(以锂电池电芯为例，单个电芯的充电截止电压一般为4.2V)充电时，变换电路(例如Boost升压电路)可对相关适配器输出的电压进行升压转换处理，以使得升压后得到的充电电压满足多节电芯所预期的充电电压需求。
变换电路受限于电路转换效率低下的原因，致使一部分电能以热量的形式散失，该热量会聚集在待充电设备内部。待充电设备的设计空间和散热空间都很小(例如，用户使用的移动终端的物理尺寸越来越轻薄，同时移动终端内密集排布了大量的电子元器件以提升移动终端的性能)，这不但提升了变换电路的设计难度，还会导致聚集在待充电设备内的热量很难及时散出，进而会引发待充电设备的异常。
例如，变换电路上聚集的热量可能会对变换电路附近的电子元器件造成热干扰，引发电子元器件的工作异常；又如，变换电路上聚集的热量可能会缩短变换电路及附近电子元件的使用寿命；又如，变换电路上聚集的热量可能会对电池造成热干扰，进而导致电池充放电异常；又如，变换电路上聚集的热量可能会导致待充电设备的温度升高，影响用户在充电时的使用体验；又如，变换电路上聚集的热量可能会导致变换电路自身的短路，使得相关适配器输出的电压直接加载在电池两端而引起电池过压充电，长时间的过压充电存在安全隐患，如可能会引发电池的爆炸。
本申请实施例提供的适配器能够获取电池的状态信息。电池的状态信息至少包括电池当前的电量信息和/或电压信息。该适配器根据获取到的电池的状态信息来调节适配器自身输出的电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求，适配器调节后输出的电压可直接加载到电池两端为电池充电(下称“直充”)。该适配器输出的电压可为电压值稳定的电压或脉动波形的电压。
该适配器可以具有电压反馈功能和/或电流反馈功能，以实现对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流的闭环反馈控制。
在一些实施例中，该适配器根据获取到的电池的状态信息来调节其自身输出的电压可以指：该适配器能够实时获取电池的状态信息，并根据实时获取到的电池的状态信息来调节适配器自身输出的电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
在一些实施例中，该适配器根据实时获取到的电池的状态信息来调节其自身输出的电压可以指：在充电过程中，随着电池的充电电压不断上升，适配器能够获取到电池在充电过程中的不同时刻的状态信息，并根据电池在充电过程中的不同时刻的状态信息来实时调节适配器自身输出的电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求，适配器调节后输出的电压可直 接加载到电池两端为电池充电。
举例来说，电池的充电过程可包括涓流充电阶段、恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段中的至少一个。在涓流充电阶段，适配器可在涓流充电阶段输出第一充电电流对电池进行充电以满足电池所预期的充电电流的需求(第一充电电流可为恒定直流电或脉动波形的电流)。在恒流充电阶段，适配器可利用电流反馈环使得在恒流充电阶段由适配器输出且进入到电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流的需求(譬如第二充电电流，第二充电电流也可以是恒定直流电或脉动波形的电流，第二充电电流可大于第一充电电流，以第二充电电流为脉动波形的电流为例，该第二充电电流大于第一充电电流可以指恒流充电阶段的脉动波形的电流峰值大于涓流充电阶段的脉动波形的电流峰值，而恒流充电阶段的恒流可以指的是脉动波形的电流峰值或平均值保持基本不变)。在恒压充电阶段，适配器可利用电压反馈环使得在恒压充电阶段由适配器输出到待充电设备的电压(即脉动波形的电压)保持恒定。
举例来说，本申请实施例中提及的适配器可主要用于控制待充电设备内电池的恒流充电阶段。在其他实施例中，待充电设备内电池的涓流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段的控制功能也可由本申请实施例提及的适配器和待充电设备内额外的充电芯片来协同完成；相较于恒流充电阶段，电池在涓流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段接收的充电功率较小，待充电设备内部的充电芯片的转换损失和热量累积是可以接受的。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中提及的恒流充电阶段或恒流模式可以是指对适配器输出的电流进行控制的充电阶段或充电模式，并非要求适配器的输出电流保持完全恒定不变，以适配器输出的电流为脉动波形的电流为例，恒流可以是泛指适配器输出的脉动波形的电流峰值或平均值保持基本不变，或者是一个时间段保持基本不变。例如，实际中，适配器在恒流充电阶段通常采用分段恒流的方式进行充电。
分段恒流充电(Multi-stage constant current charging)可具有M个恒流阶段(M为一个不小于2的整数)，分段恒流充电以预定的充电电流开始第一阶段充电，所述分段恒流充电的M个恒流阶段从第一阶段到第(M-1)个阶段依次被执行，当恒流阶段中的前一个恒流阶段转到下一个恒流阶段后，脉动波形的电流峰值或平均值可变小；当电池电压到达充电终止电压阈值时，恒流阶段中的前一个恒流阶段会转到下一个恒流阶段。相邻两个恒流阶段之间的电流转换过程可以是渐变的，或，也可以是台阶式的跳跃变化。
进一步地，需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的待充电设备例如可以是终端或通信终端，该终端或通信终端包括但不限于被设置成经由有线线路连接(如经由公共交换电话网络(public switched telephone network,PSTN)、数字用户线路(digital subscriber line,DSL)、数字电缆、直接电缆连接，以及/或另一数据连接/网络)和/或经由(例如，针对蜂窝网络、无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)、诸如手持数字视频广播(digital video broadcasting handheld，DVB-H)网络的数字电视网络、卫星网络、调幅-调频(amplitude modulation-frequency modulation,AM-FM)广播发送器，以及/或另一通信终端的)无线接口接收/发送通信信号的装置。被设置成通过无线接口通信的通信终端可以被称为“无线通信终端”、“无线终端”以及/或“移动终端”。移动终端的示例包括，但不限于卫星或蜂窝电话；可以组合蜂窝无线电电话与数据处理、传真以及数据通信能力的个人通信系统(personal communication system,PCS)终端；可以包括无线电电话、寻呼机、因特网/内联网接入、Web浏览器、记事簿、日历以及/或全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)接收器的个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant,PDA)；以及常规膝上型和/或掌上型接收器或包括无线电电话收发器的其它电子装置。
此外，在本申请的实施例中，适配器输出的脉动波形的电压直接加载到待充电设备的电池两端以对电池进行充电时，充电电流可以是以脉动波例如馒头波的形式表征出来。可以理解的是，充电电流可以以间歇的方式为电池充电，该充电电流的周期可以跟随输入交流电的频率(例如交流电网的频率)变化，例如，充电电流的周期所对应的频率为电网频率的整数倍或倒数倍。并且，充电电流可以以间歇的方式为电池充电时，该充电电流对应的电流波形可以是与电网同步的一个或一组脉冲组成。
作为一种示例，电池在充电过程中(例如涓流充电阶段、恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段中的至少一个)，可以接收适配器输出的脉动直流电(方向不变、幅值大小随时间变化)、交流电(方向和幅值大小都随时间变化)或恒定直流电(即幅值大小和方向都不随时间变化)。
现有技术中，待充电设备内通常仅包括单节电芯，当使用较大的充电电流为该单节电芯充电时，待充电设备的发热现象比较严重。为了保证待充电设备的充电速度，并缓解待充电设备在充电过程中的发热现象，本申请实施例对待充电设备内的电芯结构进行了改造，引入相互串联的多节电芯，并对 该多节电芯进行直充，下面结合图1对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
图1是根据本申请实施例的待充电设备的示意性结构图。图1的待充电设备10包括充电接口11和第一充电电路12。第一充电电路12与充电接口11相连。第一充电电路12通过充电接口11接收适配器的输出电压和输出电流，并将适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在待充电设备内的相互串联的多节电芯13的两端，对多节电芯13进行直充。
为了解决变换电路引起的发热问题，且降低电能的损耗，本申请实施例通过第一充电电路12，以直充的方式为多节电芯13充电。
直充方案能够一定程度上降低待充电设备的发热量，但是，当适配器的输出电流过大时，如适配器的输出电流达到5A-10A之间，待充电设备的发热现象仍会比较严重，从而可能出现安全隐患。为了保证充电速度，并进一步缓解待充电设备的发热现象，本申请实施例对待充电设备内部的电芯结构进行了进一步的改造，引入了相互串联的多节电芯，与单电芯方案相比，如果要达到同等的充电速度，多节电芯所需的充电电流约为单节电芯所需的充电电流的1/N(N为待充电设备内的相互串联的电芯的数目)，换句话说，在保证同等充电速度的前提下，本申请实施例可以大幅降低充电电流的大小，从而进一步减少待充电设备在充电过程的发热量。
例如，对于3000mAh的单节电芯而言，要达到3C的充电倍率，需要9A的充电电流，为了达到同等的充电速度，且降低待充电设备在充电过程的发热量，可以将两节1500mAH的电芯串联起来，以代替3000mAh的单节电芯，这样一来，仅需要4.5A的充电电流就可以达到3C的充电倍率，且与9A的充电电流相比，4.5A的充电电流引起的发热量明显较低。
需要说明的是，由于第一充电电路12采用直充方式为多节电芯13充电，第一充电电路12接收到的适配器的输出电压需要大于多节电芯13的总电压，一般而言，单节电芯的工作电压在3.0V-4.35V之间，以双电芯串联为例，可以将适配器的输出电压设置为大于或等于10V。
还需要说明的是，本申请实施例对充电接口11的类型不作具体限定，例如，可以是通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)接口，USB接口可以是标准USB接口，也可以是micro USB接口，还可以是Type-C接口。第一充电电路12可以通过USB接口中的电源线为多节电芯13充电，其中，USB接口中的电源线可以是USB接口中的VBus线和/或地线。
本申请实施例中的多节电芯13可以是规格、参数相同或相近的电芯，规格相同或相近的电芯便于统一管理，且选取规格、参数相同或相近的电芯能够提高多节电芯13的整体性能和使用寿命。
应理解，相互串联的多节电芯13能够对适配器的输出电压进行分压。
目前，待充电设备(或待充电设备内的器件，或待充电设备内的芯片)一般都采用单电芯供电，本申请实施例引入了相互串联的多节电芯，多节电芯的总电压较高，不适合直接用来为待充电设备(或待充电设备内的器件，或待充电设备内的芯片)供电。为了解决这一问题，一种可行的实现方式是调整待充电设备(或待充电设备内的器件，或待充电设备内的芯片)的工作电压，使其能够支持多节电芯供电，但这种实现方式对待充电设备的改动较大，成本较高。下面结合图2和图3，详细描述根据本申请实施例的实现方式，以解决多节电芯方案下如何供电的问题。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图2所示，待充电设备10还可包括降压电路21和供电电路22。降压电路21的输入端与多节电芯13的两端相连。降压电路21用于将多节电芯13的总电压转换成第一电压V1，其中a≤V1≤b。a表示待充电设备10(或待充电设备10内的器件，或待充电设备10内的芯片)的最小工作电压。b表示待充电设备10(或待充电设备10内的器件，或待充电设备10内的芯片)的最大工作电压。供电电路22与降压电路21的输出端相连。供电电路22基于第一电压为待充电设备10供电。
本申请实施例在图1描述的实施例的基础上引入了降压电路21，待充电设备处于工作状态时，多节电芯13的总电压会先经过降压电路21进行降压，得到第一电压，由于第一电压处于待充电设备10的最小工作电压和最大工作电压之间，可以直接用于为待充电设备供电，解决了多节电芯方案下如何供电的问题。
需要说明的是，多节电芯13的总电压是随着多节电芯13的电量的变化而变化的，因此，上文中的多节电芯13的总电压可指多节电芯13的当前的总电压。例如，单节电芯的工作电压可以位于3.0V-4.35V之间，假设多节电芯包括2节电芯，且两节电芯的当前电压均为3.5V，则上文中的多节电芯13的总电压为7V。
以单节电芯的工作电压的取值范围为3.0V-4.35V为例，则a＝3.0V，b＝4.35V，为了保证待充电设备内的器件的供电电压正常，降压电路21可以 将多节电芯13的总电压降到3.0V-4.35V这一区间中的任意值。降压电路21的实现方式可以有多种，例如可以采用Buck电路、电荷泵等电路形式实现降压。
需要说明的是，为了简化电路的实现，降压电路21可以是电荷泵，通过电荷泵可以直接将多节电芯13的总电压降为当前总电压的1/N，其中，N表示该多节电芯13所包含的电芯的数量。传统的Buck电路包含开关管和电感等器件。由于电感的功率损耗比较大，所以采用Buck电路降压会导致功率损耗比较大。与Buck电路相比，电荷泵主要是利用开关管和电容进行降压，电容基本上不消耗额外的能量，因此，采用电荷泵能够降低降压过程带来的功率损耗。具体地，电荷泵内部的开关管以一定方式控制电容的充电和放电，使输入电压以一定因数降低(本申请实施例选取的因数为1/N)，从而得到所需要的电压。
可选地，在另一些实施例中，如图3所示，待充电设备10还可包括供电电路32。供电电路32的输入端与多节电芯13中的任意单节电芯的两端相连。供电电路32基于单节电芯13的电压为待充电设备10内的器件供电。
应理解，经过降压电路降压处理之后的电压可能会出现纹波，从而影响待充电设备的供电质量，本申请实施例直接从多节电芯13中的某个单节电芯的两端引出供电电压，为待充电设备内的器件供电，由于电芯输出的电压比较稳定，因此，本申请实施例在解决多节电芯方案下如何供电的问题的同时，能够保持待充电设备的供电质量。
进一步地，在图3实施例的基础上，如图4所示，待充电设备10还可包括均衡电路33。均衡电路33与多节电芯13相连。均衡电路33用于均衡多节电芯13中的各电芯之间的电压。
采用图3所示的供电方式之后，为待充电设备内的器件供电的电芯(下称主电芯，其余电芯称为从电芯)会持续消耗电量，导致主电芯和从电芯之间的电压不均衡(或称电压不一致)。多节电芯13之间电压不均衡会降低多节电芯13的整体性能，影响多节电芯13的使用寿命。此外，多节电芯13之间的电压不均衡会导致多节电芯13比较难于统一管理。因此，本申请实施例引入均衡电路33，以均衡多节电芯13中的各电芯之间的电压，从而提高多节电芯13的整体性能，便于多节电芯13的统一管理。
均衡电路33的实现方式很多。例如，可以在电芯两端连接负载，消耗 从电芯的电量，使其与主电芯的电量保持一致，从而使得主电芯和从电芯的电压保持一致。或者，可以使用从电芯为主电芯充电，直到主电芯和从电芯的电压一致为止。
作为一个示例，所述多节电芯13包括第一电芯131和第二电芯132，所述均衡电路33以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯131和所述第二电芯132之间进行电量搬移。
在本申请实施例中，在均衡电路中以电容耦合的均衡各电芯之间的电压，从而提高了多节电芯13的整体性能，便于多节电芯13的管理。
可选地，第一电芯131可以是从电芯，第二电芯132可以是主电芯。第一电芯131可以通过均衡电路33向第二电芯132搬移电量。
可选地，第一电芯131和第二电芯132可以分别是一节电芯，也可以分别是两节或两节以上的电芯，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
作为一个示例，如图11所示，均衡电路33可以包括：
第一转换单元331，用于接收所述第一电芯131输出的直流电压，并将所述第一电芯输出的直流电压转换为第一交流电压；
第一电压调整单元3320，用于接收所述第一交流电压，将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，其中所述第二交流电压的幅值大于所述第一交流电压的幅值；
第一电容耦合单元333和第二转换单元334，所述第一电容耦合单元333以电容耦合的方式将所述第二交流电压耦合至所述第二转换单元334，所述第二转换单元334将所述第二交流电压转换成第一充电电压，为所述第二电芯132充电。
可选地，上述第一充电电压可以是直流电压。
可选地，上述第一转换单元331可以包括逆变电路。
可选地，上述第二转换单元334可以包括整流电路。例如，第二转换单元334可以包括全桥整流电路，或整流二极管。
作为一个示例，如图12所示，所述第一电压调整单元3320包括第一谐振单元332，所述第一谐振单元332用于接收所述第一交流电压，并以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压。
在本申请实施例中，均衡电路33以谐振的方式产生第二交流电压，并通过第一电容耦合电压333和第二转换单元334将第二交流电压转换成第一 充电电压，为第二电芯充电。由于第二交流电压的幅值大于第一交流电压的幅值，从而能够提高电量搬移的效率。
另外，在本申请实施例中，均衡电路以谐振的方式对第一交流电压的幅值进行提高，获取第二交流电压，采用的第一谐振单元332电路结构简单，占用体积小，可靠性高。
可选地，上述第一谐振单元332可以包括多阶谐振电路，也可以包括一阶谐振电路，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
图13是本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。如图13所示，第一谐振电路332可以包括相互串联的第一电感41和第一电容42。第一电容耦合单元333可以包括至少一个电容。图13的示例中，第一电容耦合单元333的输入端可以与第一电感41的两端相连。可选地，作为另一个示例，第一电容耦合单元333的输入端也可以与第一电容42的两端相连。
图14是本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。如图14所示，所述均衡电路还包括第二电压调整单元3350和第二电容耦合单元336，
所述第二转换单元334还用于接收所述第二电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第二电芯132输出的直流电压转换为第三交流电压。
所述第二电压调整单元3350用于接收所述第三交流电压，将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，其中所述第四交流电压的幅值大于所述第三交流电压的幅值。
所述第二电容耦合单元336以电容耦合的方式将所述第四交流电压耦合至所述第一转换单元331，所述第一转换单元331将所述第四交流电压转换成第二充电电压，为所述第一电芯131充电。
在本申请实施例中，均衡电路33既支持第一转换单元331向所述第二转换单元334搬移电量，也支持从所述第二转换单元334向所述第一转换单元331搬移电量。从而节约了均衡电路33的体积，提高了均衡电路的搬移电量的效率。
作为一个示例，如图15所示，所述第二电压调整单元3350包括第二谐振单元335，所述第二谐振单元335用于接收所述第三交流电压，以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
在本申请实施例中，均衡电路33既支持第一转换单元331向所述第二转换单元334搬移电量，也支持从所述第二转换单元334向所述第一转换单 元331搬移电量。从而节约了均衡电路33的体积，提高了均衡电路的搬移电量的效率。
可选地，上述第二充电电压可以是直流电压。
可选地，所述第一谐振单元332可以包括第一电感41和第一电容42，所述第二谐振单元335可以包括所述第一电感41和第二电容44(请参阅附图16)。
第一谐振单元332和第二谐振单元335可以共用所述第一电感41(请参阅附图16)，从而减少了均衡电路的体积。
图16示出了本申请另一实施例的谐振电路的示意性结构图。如图16所示，第一谐振单元332可以包括第一电感41和第一电容42，第二谐振单元335可以包括第一电感41和第二电容44。即第一谐振单元332和第二谐振单元335可以共用第一电感41。
如图16所示，第一电感41的第一端可以与第一电容42的第一端以及第二电容44的第一端相连。第一电感42的第二端可以与第一电容耦合单元333的输入端相连，第一电感42的第二端也可以与第二电容耦合单元336的输入端相连。第一电容42的第二端可以与第一转换单元331相连。第二电容44的第二端可以与第二转换单元334相连。
在图16的示例中，第一电容耦合单元333可以包括第二电容44。第二电容耦合单元336可以包括第一电容42。
在图16的示例中，第一电容耦合单元333还可以包括第三电容46和开关K2。第二电容耦合单元336还可以包括第四电容48和开关K1。当控制第一谐振单元332和第一电容耦合单元333工作时，可以导通开关K1，关断开关K2，使第三电容46接入电路工作，第四电容48与电路断开。当控制第二谐振单元335和第二电容耦合单元336工作时，可以导通开关K2，关断开关K1，使第四电容48接入电路工作，第三电容46与电路断开。
在图14至图16的示例中，第一转换单元331既可以实现逆变电路的功能，也可以实现整流电路的功能。例如，第一转换单元331可以是全桥同步整流电路，本领域技术人员能够理解，全桥同步整流电路也可以实现逆变电路的功能。
类似地，在图14至图16的示例中，第二转换单元334既可以实现逆变电路的功能，也可以实现整流电路的功能。例如，第二转换单元334可以是 全桥同步整流电路，本领域技术人员能够理解，全桥同步整流电路也可以实现逆变电路的功能。
图17示出了本申请另一实施例的均衡电路的示意性结构图。如图17所示，可选地，所述均衡电路33还包括：第一控制单元337，在所述第一电芯131的电压大于所述第二电芯132的电压的情况下，控制所述第一电压调整单元3320和所述第一电容耦合单元333工作，为所述第二电芯132充电；在所述第二电芯132的电压大于所述第一电芯131的电压的情况下，控制所述第二电压调整单元3350和所述第二电容耦合单元336工作，为所述第一电芯131充电。
图18示出了本申请实施例的均衡电路的电路示意图。如图18所示，第一电芯131和第二电芯132可以是相互串联的电芯。第一转换单元331可以是全桥同步整流电路，第一转换单元331包括晶体管Q1～Q4。第二转换单元334可以是全桥同步整流电路，第二转换单元334包括晶体管Q5～Q8。第一谐振单元332包括第一电感41和第一电容42。第一电容耦合单元333包括第二电容44和第三电容46。
图18的示例中，均衡电路33可以实现从第一电芯131到第二电芯132的单向电量搬移。
图18的示例中，第一转换单元331也可以是其他类型的逆变电路。第二转换单元334也可以是其他类型的整流电路。本申请实施例对比不作限定。
图19示出了本申请又一实施例的均衡电路的电路示意图。如图19所示，第一电芯131和第二电芯132可以是相互串联的电芯。第一转换单元331可以是全桥同步整流电路，第一转换单元331包括晶体管Q1～Q4。第二转换单元334可以是全桥同步整流电路，第二转换单元334包括晶体管Q5～Q8。第一谐振单元332包括第一电感41和第一电容42。第一电容耦合单元333包括第二电容44和第三电容46。第二谐振单元335包括第一电感41和第二电容44。第二电容耦合单元336包括第一电容42和第四电容48。此外，第一电容耦合单元333还包括开关K1。第二电容耦合单元336还包括开关K2。其中，开关K1和开关K2可以包括晶体管。
图19的示例中，均衡电路可以实现第一电芯131和第二电芯132之间的双向电量搬移。
图19的示例中，在第一电芯131电压大于第二电芯132的电压的情况 下，可以导通开关K1，关断开关K2，以控制所述第一谐振单元332和所述第一电容耦合单元333工作，第一电芯131为所述第二电芯132充电。在所述第二电芯132的电压大于所述第一电芯131的电压的情况下，控制所述第二谐振单元335和所述第二电容耦合单元336工作，第二电芯132为所述第一电芯131充电。
随着适配器的输出功率变大，适配器在对待充电设备内的电芯进行充电时，容易造成析锂现象，从而降低电芯的使用寿命。
为了提高电芯的可靠性和安全性，在一些实施例中，可以控制适配器输出脉动直流电(或称单向脉动的输出电流，或称脉动波形的电流，或称馒头波电流)。由于第一充电电路12采用直充方式对多节电芯13进行充电，适配器输出的脉动直流电可以直接加载到了多节电芯13的两端。如图5所示，脉动直流电的电流大小周期性变换。与恒定直流电相比，脉动直流电能够降低电芯的析锂现象，提高电芯的使用寿命。此外，与恒定直流电相比，脉动直流电能够减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命。
将适配器的输出电流设置为脉动直流电的方式可以有多种，例如，可以去掉适配器中的初级滤波电路和次级滤波电路，得到的适配器的输出电流即为脉动直流电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第一充电电路12接收到的适配器的输出电流还可以是交流电(例如，去掉适配器的初级滤波电路、次级整流电路和次级滤波电路，得到的适配器的输出电流即为交流电)，交流电同样能够降低锂电芯的析锂现象，提高电芯的使用寿命。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第一充电电路12通过充电接口11接收到的适配器的输出电压和输出电流可以为适配器在恒流模式(恒流充电模式或恒流充电阶段)下输出的电压和电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图6所示，多节电芯13可以共同封装在一个电池51中。进一步地，该电池51还可以包括电池保护板52，通过电池保护板52可以实现过压过流保护、电量平衡管理、电量管理等功能。
可选地，在一些实施例中，多节电芯13可以封装在多个电池中。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图7所示，待充电设备10还可包括：第二充电电路61。第二充电电路61可以包括升压电路62。升压电路62的两端分别与充电接口11和多节电芯13相连。升压电路62可以通过充电接口 11接收适配器的输出电压，将适配器的输出电压升压至第二电压，并将第二电压加载在多节电芯13的两端，为多节电芯13充电。第二充电电路61接收到的适配器的输出电压小于多节电芯13的总电压，第二电压大于多节电芯13的总电压。
由上文可知，第一充电电路12对多节电芯13进行直充，这种充电方式要求适配器的输出电压高于多节电芯13的总电压。例如，对于两节电芯串联的方案而言，假设每节电芯的当前电压为4V，使用第一充电电路12为该两节电芯充电时，要求适配器的输出电压至少要大于8V。但是，普通适配器(如上文中的相关适配器)的输出电压一般为5V，无法通过第一充电电路12为多节电芯13充电，为了能够兼容普通适配器，本申请实施例引入第二充电电路61，该第二充电电路61包括升压电路62，升压电路62可以将适配器的输出电压升高至第二电压，使其大于多节电芯13的总电压，从而解决了普通适配器无法为相互串联的多节电芯13充电的问题。
本申请实施例对第二充电电路61接收到的适配器的输出电压的电压值不作具体限定，只要适配器的输出电压低于多节电芯13的总电压，即可通过第二充电电路61进行升压之后，再为该多节电芯13进行充电。
本申请实施例对升压电路的具体形式不作限定。例如，可以采用Boost升压电路，还可以采用电荷泵进行升压。可选地，在一些实施例中，第二充电电路61可以采用传统的充电电路设计方式，即在充电接口和电芯之间设置变换电路(如充电IC)。该变换电路可以对适配器的充电过程进行恒压、恒流控制，并根据实际需要对适配器的输出电压进行调整，如升压或降压。本申请实施例可以利用该变换电路的升压功能，将适配器的输出电压升压至高于多节电芯13的总电压的第二电压。应理解，第一充电电路12和第二充电电路61之间的切换可以通过开关或控制单元实现，例如，在待充电设备内部设置控制单元，该控制单元可以根据实际需要(如适配器的类型)在第一充电电路12和第二充电电路61之间进行灵活地切换。
可选地，在一些实施例中，适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于适配器在第一充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，在第一充电模式下，适配器通过第二充电电路61为多节电芯13充电，在第二充电模式下，适配器通过第一充电电路 12为多节电芯13充电。换句话说，相较于工作在第一充电模式下的适配器来说，工作在第二充电模式下的适配器充满相同容量的电池的耗时更短。
第一充电模式可为普通充电模式，第二充电模式可为快速充电模式。该普通充电模式是指适配器输出相对较小的电流值(通常小于2.5A)或者以相对较小的功率(通常小于15W)来对待充电设备中的电池进行充电。在普通充电模式下想要完全充满一较大容量电池(如3000毫安时容量的电池)，通常需要花费数个小时的时间；而在快速充电模式下，适配器能够输出相对较大的电流(通常大于2.5A，比如4.5A，5A甚至更高)或者以相对较大的功率(通常大于等于15W)来对待充电设备中的电池进行充电。相较于普通充电模式而言，适配器在快速充电模式下的充电速度更快，完全充满相同容量电池所需要的充电时间能够明显缩短。
进一步地，如图8所示，充电接口11可以包括数据线，待充电设备10还包括控制单元71，控制单元71可以通过数据线与适配器进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的适配器的输出。以充电接口为USB接口为例，数据线可以是USB接口中的D+线和/或D-线。
本申请实施例对适配器的控制单元71与待充电设备的通信内容，以及控制单元71对适配器在第二充电模式下的输出的控制方式不作具体限定，例如，控制单元71可以与适配器通信，交互待充电设备中的多节电芯13的当前总电压或当前总电量，并基于多节电芯13的当前总电压或当前总电量调整适配器的输出电压或输出电流。下面结合具体的实施例对控制单元71与适配器之间的通信内容，以及控制单元71对在第二充电模式下的适配器的输出的控制方式进行详细描述。
本申请实施例的上述描述并不会对适配器与待充电设备(或者待充电设备中的控制单元71)的主从性进行限定，换句话说，适配器与待充电设备中的任何一方均可作为主设备方发起双向通信会话，相应地另外一方可以作为从设备方对主设备方发起的通信做出第一响应或第一回复。作为一种可行的方式，可以在通信过程中，通过比较适配器侧和待充电设备侧相对于大地的电平高低来确认主、从设备的身份。
本申请实施例并未对适配器与待充电设备之间双向通信的具体实现方式作出限制，即言，适配器与待充电设备中的任何一方作为主设备方发起通信会话，相应地另外一方作为从设备方对主设备方发起的通信会话做出第一 响应或第一回复，同时主设备方能够针对所述从设备方的第一响应或第一回复做出第二响应，即可认为主、从设备之间完成了一次充电模式的协商过程。作为一种可行的实施方式，主、从设备方之间可以在完成多次充电模式的协商后，再执行主、从设备方之间的充电操作，以确保协商后的充电过程安全、可靠的被执行。
作为主设备方能够根据所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复做出第二响应的一种方式可以是：主设备方能够接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话所做出的第一响应或第一回复，并根据接收到的所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应。作为举例，当主设备方在预设的时间内接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复，主设备方会对所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应具体为：主设备方与从设备方完成了一次充电模式的协商，主设备方与从设备方之间根据协商结果按照第一充电模式或者第二充电模式执行充电操作，即适配器根据协商结果工作在第一充电模式或者第二充电模式下为待充电设备充电。
作为主设备方能够根据所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复做出进一步的第二响应的一种方式还可以是：主设备方在预设的时间内没有接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复，主设备方也会对所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应。作为举例，当主设备方在预设的时间内没有接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复，主设备方也会对所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应具体为：主设备方与从设备方完成了一次充电模式的协商，主设备方与从设备方之间按照第一充电模式执行充电操作，即适配器工作在第一充电模式下为待充电设备充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，当待充电设备作为主设备发起通信会话，适配器作为从设备对主设备方发起的通信会话做出第一响应或第一回复后，无需要待充电设备对适配器的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应，即可认为适配器与待充电设备之间完成了一次充电模式的协商过程，进而适配器能够根据协商结果确定以第一充电模式或者第二充电模式为待充电设备进行充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元71通过数据线与适配器进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的适配器的输出的过程包括：控制单元71 与适配器进行双向通信，以协商适配器与待充电设备之间的充电模式。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元71与适配器进行双向通信，以协商适配器与待充电设备之间的充电模式包括：控制单元71接收适配器发送的第一指令，第一指令用于询问待充电设备是否开启第二充电模式；控制单元71向适配器发送第一指令的回复指令，第一指令的回复指令用于指示待充电设备是否同意开启第二充电模式；在待充电设备同意开启第二充电模式的情况下，控制单元71控制适配器通过第一充电电路12为多节电芯充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元71通过数据线与适配器进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的适配器的输出的过程，包括：控制单元71与适配器进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元71与适配器进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电压包括：控制单元71接收适配器发送的第二指令，第二指令用于询问适配器的输出电压与待充电设备的多节电芯13的当前总电压是否匹配；控制单元71向适配器发送第二指令的回复指令，第二指令的回复指令用于指示适配器的输出电压与多节电芯13的当前总电压匹配、偏高或偏低。可替换地，第二指令可用于询问将适配器的当前输出电压作为在第二充电模式下的适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电压是否合适，第二指令的回复指令可用于指示当前适配器的输出电压合适、偏高或偏低。适配器的当前输出电压与多节电芯的当前总电压匹配，或者适配器的当前输出电压适合作为在第二充电模式下的适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电压可以指适配器的当前输出电压略高于多节电芯的当前总电压，且适配器的输出电压与多节电芯的当前总电压之间的差值在预设范围内(通常在几百毫伏的量级)。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元71通过数据线与适配器进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的适配器的输出的过程可包括：控制单元71与适配器进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元71与适配器进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电 流可包括：控制单元71接收适配器发送的第三指令，第三指令用于询问待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；控制单元71向适配器发送第三指令的回复指令，第三指令的回复指令用于指示待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流，以便适配器基于待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。应理解，控制单元71根据待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电流的方式有多种。例如，第二适配器可以将待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定为在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，也可以综合考虑待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流以及自身的电流输出能力等因素之后，确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元71通过数据线与适配器进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：在使用第二充电模式充电的过程中，控制单元71与适配器进行双向通信，以调整适配器的输出电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元71与适配器进行双向通信，以调整适配器的输出电流可包括：控制单元71接收适配器发送的第四指令，第四指令用于询问多节电芯的当前总电压；控制单元71向适配器发送第四指令的回复指令，第四指令的回复指令用于指示多节电芯的当前总电压，以便适配器根据多节电芯的当前总电压，调整适配器的输出电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，控制单元71还用于接收适配器发送的第五指令，第五指令用于指示充电接口11接触不良。
下面结合图9，更加详细地描述适配器与待充电设备(具体可以由待充电设备中的控制单元执行)之间的通信过程。应注意，图9的例子仅仅是为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本申请实施例，而非要将本申请实施例限于所例示的具体数值或具体场景。本领域技术人员根据所给出的图9的例子，显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化，这样的修改或变化也落入本申请实施例的范围内。
如图9所示，适配器和待充电设备之间的通信流程(或称快速过程的通信流程)可以包括以下五个阶段：
阶段1：
待充电设备与电源提供装置连接后，待充电设备可以通过数据线D+、D-检测电源提供装置的类型。当检测到电源提供装置为适配器时，则待充电设备吸收的电流可以大于预设的电流阈值I2(例如可以是1A)。当适配器检测到预设时长(例如，可以是连续T1时间)内适配器的输出电流大于或等于I2时，则适配器可以认为待充电设备对于电源提供装置的类型识别已经完成。接着，适配器开启与待充电设备之间的协商过程，向待充电设备发送指令1(对应于上述第一指令)，以询问待充电设备是否同意适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备进行充电。
当适配器收到待充电设备发送的指令1的回复指令，且该指令1的回复指令指示待充电设备不同意适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备进行充电时，适配器再次检测适配器的输出电流。当适配器的输出电流在预设的连续时长内(例如，可以是连续T1时间)仍然大于或等于I2时，适配器再次向待充电设备发送指令1，询问待充电设备是否同意适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备进行充电。适配器重复阶段1的上述步骤，直到待充电设备同意适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备进行充电，或适配器的输出电流不再满足大于或等于I2的条件。
当待充电设备同意适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备进行充电后，通信流程进入阶段2。
阶段2：
适配器的输出电压可以包括多个档位。适配器向待充电设备发送指令2(对应于上述第二指令)，以询问适配器的输出电压(当前的输出电压)与待充电设备电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)是否匹配。
待充电设备向适配器发送指令2的回复指令，以指示适配器的输出电压与待充电设备电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)匹配、偏高或偏低。如果针对指令2的回复指令指示适配器的输出电压偏高或偏低，适配器可以将适配器的输出电压调整一格档位，并再次向待充电设备发送指令2，重新询问适配器的输出电压与电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)是否匹配。重复阶段2的上述步骤直到待充电设备确定适配器的输出电压与待充电设备电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)匹配，进入阶段3。
阶段3：
适配器向待充电设备发送指令3(对应于上述第三指令)，询问待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流。待充电设备向适配器发送指令3的回复指令，以指示待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流，并进入阶段4。
阶段4：
适配器根据待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流，确定在第二充电模式下适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，然后进入阶段5，即恒流充电阶段。
阶段5：
在进入恒流充电阶段后，适配器可以每间隔一段时间向待充电设备发送指令4(对应于上述第四指令)，询问待充电设备电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)。待充电设备可以向适配器发送指令4的回复指令，以反馈电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)。适配器可以根据电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)，判断充电接口的接触是否良好，以及是否需要降低适配器的输出电流。当适配器判断充电接口的接触不良时，可以向待充电设备发送指令5(对应于上述第五指令)，适配器会退出第二充电模式，然后复位并重新进入阶段1。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段1中，待充电设备发送指令1的回复指令时，指令1的回复指令中可以携带该待充电设备的通路阻抗的数据(或信息)。待充电设备的通路阻抗数据可用于在阶段5判断充电接口的接触是否良好。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段2中，从待充电设备同意适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备进行充电到适配器将适配器的输出电压调整到合适的充电电压所经历的时间可以控制在一定范围之内。如果该时间超出预定范围，则适配器或待充电设备可以判定通信过程异常，复位以重新进入阶段1。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段2中，当适配器的输出电压比待充电设备电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)高ΔV(ΔV可以设定为200～500mV)时，待充电设备可以向适配器发送指令2的回复指令，以指示适配器的输出电压与待充电设备的电池的电压(多节电芯的总电压)匹配。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段4中，适配器的输出电流的调整速度可以控制一定范围之内，这样可以避免由于调整速度过快而导致充电过程发 生异常。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段5中，适配器的输出电流的变化幅度可以控制在5％以内。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段5中，适配器可以实时监测充电电路的通路阻抗。具体地，适配器可以根据适配器的输出电压、输出电流及待充电设备反馈的电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)，监测充电电路的通路阻抗。当“充电电路的通路阻抗”>“待充电设备的通路阻抗+充电线缆的阻抗”时，可以认为充电接口接触不良，适配器停止在第二充电模式下对待充电设备进行充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，适配器开启在第二充电模式下对待充电设备进行充电之后，适配器与待充电设备之间的通信时间间隔可以控制在一定范围之内，避免通信间隔过短而导致通信过程发生异常。
可选地，在一些实施例中，充电过程的停止(或适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电过程的停止)可以分为可恢复的停止和不可恢复的停止两种。
例如，当检测到待充电设备的电池(多节电芯)充满或充电接口接触不良时，充电过程停止，充电通信过程复位，充电过程重新进入阶段1。然后，待充电设备不同意适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备进行充电，则通信流程不进入阶段2。这种情况下的充电过程的停止可以视为不可恢复的停止。
又例如，当适配器与待充电设备之间出现通信异常时，充电过程停止，充电通信过程复位，充电过程重新进入阶段1。在满足阶段1的要求后，待充电设备同意适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备进行充电以恢复充电过程。这种情况下的充电过程的停止可以视为可恢复的停止。
又例如，当待充电设备检测到电池(多节电芯)出现异常时，充电过程停止，复位并重新进入阶段1。然后，待充电设备不同意适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备进行充电。当电池(多节电芯)恢复正常，且满足阶段1的要求后，待充电设备同意适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备进行充电。这种情况下的快充过程的停止可以视为可恢复的停止。
以上对图9示出的通信步骤或操作仅是示例。例如，在阶段1中，待充电设备与适配器连接后，待充电设备与适配器之间的握手通信也可以由待充电设备发起，即待充电设备发送指令1，询问适配器是否开启第二充电模式。 当待充电设备接收到适配器的回复指令指示适配器同意适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备进行充电时，适配器开始在第二充电模式下对待充电设备的电池(多节电芯)进行充电。
又如，在阶段5之后，还可包括恒压充电阶段。具体地，在阶段5中，待充电设备可以向适配器反馈电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)，当电池的当前电压(多节电芯的当前总电压)达到恒压充电电压阈值时，充电阶段从恒流充电阶段转入恒压充电阶段。在恒压充电阶段中，充电电流逐渐减小，当电流下降至某一阈值时，表示待充电设备的电池(多节电芯)已经被充满，停止整个充电过程。
上文结合图1-图9，详细描述了本申请的装置实施例，下文结合图10，详细描述本申请实施例的方法实施例，应理解，方法侧的描述与装置侧的描述相互对应，为了简洁，适当省略重复的描述。
图10是根据本申请实施例的充电方法的示意性流程图。图10的充电方法可用于为待充电设备充电，所述待充电设备包括充电接口，
图10的方法包括以下步骤。
910、通过所述充电接口接收适配器的输出电压和输出电流。
920、将所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在所述待充电设备内的相互串联的多节电芯的两端，对所述多节电芯进行直充。
可选地，在一些实施例中，图10的方法还可包括：基于所述多节电芯中的单节电芯的电压为所述待充电设备内的器件供电，所述单节电芯为所述多节电芯中的任意一节。
可选地，在一些实施例中，图10的方法还可包括：均衡所述多节电芯中的各电芯之间的电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述多节电芯包括第一电芯和第二电芯，所述均衡所述多节电芯中的各电芯之间的电压，包括：以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯和所述第二电芯之间进行电量搬移。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯和所述第二电芯之间进行电量搬移，包括：接收第一电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第一电芯输出的直流电压转换为第一交流电压；接收所述第一交流电压，将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，其中所述第二交流电压的幅值大于所述第一交流电压的幅值；以电容耦合的方式将所述第二交流电压耦合至 第二转换单元，通过所述第二转换单元将所述第二交流电压转换成第一充电电压，为所述第二电芯充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，包括：以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，图10的方法还可包括：接收所述第二电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第二电芯输出的直流电压转换为第三交流电压；接收所述第三交流电压，并将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，其中所述第四交流电压的幅值大于所述第三交流电压的幅值；以电容耦合的方式将所述第四交流电压耦合至所述第一转换单元，通过所述第一转换单元将所述第四交流电压转换成第二充电电压，为所述第一电芯充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，包括：以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压，包括：通过第一电感和第一电容以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压；所述以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压，包括：通过所述第一电感和第二电容以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，图10的方法还可包括：在所述第一电芯的电压大于所述第二电芯的电压的情况下，为所述第二电芯充电；在所述第二电芯的电压大于所述第一电芯的电压的情况下，为所述第一电芯充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，图10的方法还可包括：将所述适配器的输出电压升压至第二电压；将所述第二电压加载在所述多节电芯的两端，为所述多节电芯充电，其中所述第二电压大于所述多节电芯的总电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述充电接口包括数据线，图10的方法还可包括：通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程可包括：与 所述适配器进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式可包括：接收所述适配器发送的第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；向所述适配器发送所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，控制所述适配器通过所述第一充电电路为所述多节电芯充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程可包括：与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压可包括：接收所述适配器发送的第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的多节电芯的当前总电压是否匹配；向所述适配器发送所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述适配器的输出电压与所述多节电芯的当前总电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程可包括：与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流可包括：接收所述适配器发送的第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；向所述适配器发送所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流，以便所述适配器基于所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充 电设备进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流可包括：接收所述适配器发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述多节电芯的当前总电压；向所述适配器发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述多节电芯的当前总电压，以便所述适配器根据所述多节电芯的当前总电压，调整所述适配器的输出电流。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中， 也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。

Claims (43)

  1. 一种待充电设备，其特征在于，所述待充电设备包括：
    充电接口；
    第一充电电路，所述第一充电电路与所述充电接口相连，通过所述充电接口接收适配器的输出电压和输出电流，并将所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在所述待充电设备内的相互串联的多节电芯的两端，对所述多节电芯进行直充；
    均衡电路，所述均衡电路与所述多节电芯相连，用于均衡所述多节电芯中的各电芯之间的电压。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述多节电芯包括第一电芯和第二电芯，所述均衡电路以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯和所述第二电芯之间进行电量搬移。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述均衡电路包括：
    第一转换单元，用于接收所述第一电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第一电芯输出的直流电压转换为第一交流电压；
    第一电压调整单元，用于接收所述第一交流电压，将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，其中所述第二交流电压的幅值大于所述第一交流电压的幅值；
    第一电容耦合单元和第二转换单元，所述第一电容耦合单元以电容耦合的方式将所述第二交流电压耦合至所述第二转换单元，所述第二转换单元将所述第二交流电压转换成第一充电电压，为所述第二电芯充电。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述第一电压调整单元包括第一谐振单元，所述第一谐振单元用于接收所述第一交流电压，并以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述均衡电路还包括第二电压调整单元和第二电容耦合单元，
    所述第二转换单元还用于接收所述第二电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第二电芯输出的直流电压转换为第三交流电压；
    所述第二电压调整单元用于接收所述第三交流电压，将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，其中所述第四交流电压的幅值大于所述第三交流电压的幅值；
    所述第二电容耦合单元以电容耦合的方式将所述第四交流电压耦合至所述第一转换单元，所述第一转换单元将所述第四交流电压转换成第二充电电压，为所述第一电芯充电。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述第二电压调整单元包括第二谐振单元，所述第二谐振单元用于接收所述第三交流电压，以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述第一谐振单元包括第一电感和第一电容，所述第二谐振单元包括所述第一电感和第二电容。
  8. 如权利要求5-7中任一项所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述均衡电路还包括：
    第一控制单元，在所述第一电芯的电压大于所述第二电芯的电压的情况下，控制所述第一电压调整单元和所述第一电容耦合单元工作，为所述第二电芯充电；在所述第二电芯的电压大于所述第一电芯的电压的情况下，控制所述第二电压调整单元和所述第二电容耦合单元工作，为所述第一电芯充电。
  9. 如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述待充电设备还包括：
    供电电路，所述供电电路的输入端与所述多节电芯中的任意单节电芯的两端相连，所述供电电路基于所述单节电芯的电压为所述待充电设备内的器件供电。
  10. 如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述第一充电电路接收到的所述适配器的输出电流为脉动直流电、交流电或恒定直流电。
  11. 如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述第一充电电路通过所述充电接口接收到的所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流为所述适配器在恒流模式下输出的电压和电流。
  12. 如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述待充电设备还包括：
    第二充电电路，所述第二充电电路包括升压电路，所述升压电路的两端分别与所述充电接口和所述多节电芯相连，所述升压电路通过所述充电接口接收适配器的输出电压，将所述适配器的输出电压升压至第二电压，并将所述第二电压加载在所述多节电芯的两端，为所述多节电芯充电，其中所述第 二充电电路接收到的所述适配器的输出电压小于所述多节电芯的总电压，所述第二电压大于所述多节电芯的总电压。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述第二充电电路接收到的所述适配器的输出电压为5V。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度，在所述第一充电模式下，所述适配器通过所述第二充电电路为所述多节电芯充电，在所述第二充电模式下，所述适配器通过所述第一充电电路为所述多节电芯充电。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述充电接口包括数据线，所述待充电设备还包括控制单元，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式，包括：
    所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；
    所述控制单元向所述适配器发送所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；
    在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，所述控制单元控制所述适配器通过所述第一充电电路为所述多节电芯充电。
  18. 如权利要求15-17中任一项所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压，包括：
    所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述适配器的输出电压与所述多节电芯的当前总电压是否匹配；
    所述控制单元向所述适配器发送所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述适配器的输出电压与所述多节电芯的当前总电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
  20. 如权利要求15-19中任一项所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，包括：
    所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制单元向所述适配器发送所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流，以便所述适配器基于所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  22. 如权利要求15-21中任一项所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的待充电设备，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流，包括：
    所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述多节电芯的当前总电压；
    所述控制单元向所述适配器发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述多节电芯的当前总电压，以便所述适配器根据所述多节电芯的当前总电压，调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  24. 一种充电方法，其特征在于，所述充电方法用于为待充电设备充电，所述待充电设备包括充电接口，
    所述方法包括：
    通过所述充电接口接收适配器的输出电压和输出电流；
    将所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在所述待充电设备内的相互串联的多节电芯的两端，对所述多节电芯进行直充；
    均衡所述多节电芯中的各电芯之间的电压。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多节电芯包括第一电芯和第二电芯，
    所述均衡所述多节电芯中的各电芯之间的电压，包括：
    以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯和所述第二电芯之间进行电量搬移。
  26. 如权利要求25所述的方法，其特征在于，所述以电容耦合的方式在所述第一电芯和所述第二电芯之间进行电量搬移，包括：
    接收第一电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第一电芯输出的直流电压转换为第一交流电压；
    接收所述第一交流电压，将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，其中所述第二交流电压的幅值大于所述第一交流电压的幅值；
    以电容耦合的方式将所述第二交流电压耦合至第二转换单元，通过所述第二转换单元将所述第二交流电压转换成第一充电电压，为所述第二电芯充电。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将所述第一交流电压转换成第二交流电压，包括：
    以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压。
  28. 如权利要求26或27所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收所述第二电芯输出的直流电压，并将所述第二电芯输出的直流电压转换为第三交流电压；
    接收所述第三交流电压，并将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，其中所述第四交流电压的幅值大于所述第三交流电压的幅值；
    以电容耦合的方式将所述第四交流电压耦合至所述第一转换单元，通过所述第一转换单元将所述第四交流电压转换成第二充电电压，为所述第一电芯充电。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将所述第三交流电压转换成第四交流电压，包括：
    以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于，所述以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压，包括：通过第一电感和第一电容以谐振的方式将所述第一交流电压转换成所述第二交流电压；
    所述以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压，包括：
    通过所述第一电感和第二电容以谐振的方式将所述第三交流电压转换成所述第四交流电压。
  31. 如权利要求28-30中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：在所述第一电芯的电压大于所述第二电芯的电压的情况下，为所述第二电芯充电；在所述第二电芯的电压大于所述第一电芯的电压的情况下，为所述第一电芯充电。
  32. 如权利要求24-31中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    基于所述多节电芯中的单节电芯的电压为所述待充电设备内的器件供电，所述单节电芯为所述多节电芯中的任意一节。
  33. 如权利要求24-32中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将所述适配器的输出电压升压至第二电压；
    将所述第二电压加载在所述多节电芯的两端，为所述多节电芯充电，其中所述第二电压大于所述多节电芯的总电压。
  34. 如权利要求33所述的方法，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度。
  35. 如权利要求34所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充电接口包括数据线，所述方法还包括：
    通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    与所述适配器进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
  37. 如权利要求36所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式，包括：
    接收所述适配器发送的第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；
    向所述适配器发送所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；
    在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，控制所述适配器通过所述第一充电电路为所述多节电芯充电。
  38. 如权利要求35-37中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
  39. 如权利要求37所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压，包括：
    接收所述适配器发送的第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的多节电芯的当前总电压是否匹配；
    向所述适配器发送所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述适配器的输出电压与所述多节电芯的当前总电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
  40. 如权利要求35-39中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所 述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  41. 如权利要求40所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，包括：
    接收所述适配器发送的第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    向所述适配器发送所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流，以便所述适配器基于所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  42. 如权利要求35-41中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述数据线与所述适配器进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  43. 如权利要求42所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述适配器进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流，包括：
    接收所述适配器发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述多节电芯的当前总电压；
    向所述适配器发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述多节电芯的当前总电压，以便所述适配器根据所述多节电芯的当前总电压，调整所述适配器的输出电流。
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