WO2018047690A1 - 導電材料、接続構造体及び接続構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
導電材料、接続構造体及び接続構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018047690A1 WO2018047690A1 PCT/JP2017/031101 JP2017031101W WO2018047690A1 WO 2018047690 A1 WO2018047690 A1 WO 2018047690A1 JP 2017031101 W JP2017031101 W JP 2017031101W WO 2018047690 A1 WO2018047690 A1 WO 2018047690A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive material including conductive particles having solder on an outer surface portion of a conductive portion.
- the present invention also relates to a connection structure using the conductive material and a method for manufacturing the connection structure.
- Anisotropic conductive materials such as anisotropic conductive paste and anisotropic conductive film are widely known.
- anisotropic conductive material conductive particles are dispersed in a binder resin.
- connection structure examples include a connection between a flexible printed circuit board and a glass substrate (FOG (Film on Glass)), a connection between a semiconductor chip and a flexible printed circuit board (COF (Chip on Film)), and a semiconductor chip and a glass substrate. Connection (COG (Chip on Glass)), connection between a flexible printed circuit board and a glass epoxy board (FOB (Film on Board)), and the like.
- FOG Flexible printed circuit board and a glass substrate
- COF Chip on Film
- FCB Glass epoxy board
- an anisotropic conductive material containing conductive particles is disposed on the glass epoxy substrate. To do.
- a flexible printed circuit board is laminated, and heated and pressurized. As a result, the anisotropic conductive material is cured, and the electrodes are electrically connected via the conductive particles to obtain a connection structure.
- the following Patent Document 1 describes an anisotropic conductive material including conductive particles and a resin component that cannot be cured at the melting point of the conductive particles.
- the conductive particles include tin (Sn), indium (In), bismuth (Bi), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd ), Metals such as gallium (Ga) and thallium (Tl), and alloys of these metals.
- Patent Document 1 a resin heating step for heating the anisotropic conductive resin to a temperature higher than the melting point of the conductive particles and at which the curing of the resin component is not completed, and a resin component curing step for curing the resin component The electrical connection between the electrodes is described.
- Patent Document 1 describes that mounting is performed with the temperature profile shown in FIG. In Patent Document 1, the conductive particles melt in a resin component that is not completely cured at a temperature at which the anisotropic conductive resin is heated.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an adhesive tape that includes a resin layer containing a thermosetting resin, solder powder, and a curing agent, and the solder powder and the curing agent are present in the resin layer. Yes.
- This adhesive tape is in the form of a film, not a paste.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a bonding method using the above adhesive tape. Specifically, a first substrate, an adhesive tape, a second substrate, an adhesive tape, and a third substrate are laminated in this order from the bottom to obtain a laminate. At this time, the first electrode provided on the surface of the first substrate is opposed to the second electrode provided on the surface of the second substrate. Moreover, the 2nd electrode provided in the surface of the 2nd board
- Patent Document 3 includes conductive particles containing a metal having a melting point of 220 ° C. or less, a thermosetting resin, and a flux activator, and the average particle diameter of the flux activator is 1 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less.
- a conductive adhesive composition is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 a curing accelerator is described as a blending component, and specifically, an imidazole compound is used.
- the heat resistance of the conductive adhesive is reduced by the imidazole compound that is a curing accelerator, and conductive during heating. Adhesive may turn yellow.
- a conductive material including a plurality of conductive particles having solder on the outer surface portion of the conductive portion, a curable compound, and a boron trifluoride complex.
- the boron trifluoride complex is a boron trifluoride-amine complex.
- the content of the boron trifluoride complex is 0.1 wt% or more and 1.5 wt% or less in 100 wt% of the conductive material.
- the viscosity at 25 ° C. is 50 Pa ⁇ s or more and 500 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- the average particle diameter of the conductive particles is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the content of the conductive particles is 30% by weight or more and 95% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the conductive material.
- the conductive material is a conductive paste.
- a first connection target member having at least one first electrode on the surface
- a second connection target member having at least one second electrode on the surface
- the first connection target member and a connection part connecting the second connection target member wherein the material of the connection part is the conductive material described above, and the first electrode and the second electrode Are connected electrically by a solder portion in the connection portion.
- the first electrode and the second electrode face each other in the stacking direction of the first electrode, the connection portion, and the second electrode.
- the solder portion in the connection portion is arranged in 50% or more of the area of 100% of the portion where the first electrode and the second electrode face each other.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are stacked in the stacking direction of the first electrode, the connection portion, and the second electrode.
- a connection in which the solder part in the connection part is arranged in 50% or more of the area of 100% of the part where the first electrode and the second electrode face each other when the part facing each other is viewed.
- the conductive material according to the present invention includes a plurality of conductive particles having solder on the outer surface portion of the conductive portion, a curable compound, and a boron trifluoride complex, even when the conductive material is left to stand for a certain period of time.
- the solder in the conductive particles can be efficiently disposed on the electrode, and further yellowing of the conductive material can be sufficiently suppressed during heating.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a connection structure obtained using a conductive material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 2A to 2C are cross-sectional views for explaining each step of an example of a method for manufacturing a connection structure using a conductive material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the connection structure.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of conductive particles that can be used as a conductive material.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of conductive particles that can be used for the conductive material.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a third example of conductive particles that can be used for the conductive material.
- the conductive material according to the present invention includes a plurality of conductive particles having solder on the outer surface portion of the conductive portion, a curable compound, and a boron trifluoride complex. Solder is contained in the conductive part and is a part or all of the conductive part.
- the solder in the conductive particles can be efficiently disposed on the electrode. Yellowing can be sufficiently suppressed.
- solder in conductive particles can be efficiently disposed on the electrode. it can.
- the plurality of conductive particles are likely to gather between the upper and lower electrodes, and the plurality of conductive particles are It can arrange
- the connection structure When the connection structure is manufactured, particularly when the LED chip is connected to the substrate, the LED chip needs to be disposed on the substrate. Therefore, after the conductive material is disposed by screen printing or the like, the LED chip and the substrate May be left for a certain period of time before being electrically connected.
- the conventional conductive material for example, if the conductive material is left for a certain period of time after the conductive material is disposed, the conductive particles cannot be efficiently disposed on the electrodes, and the conduction reliability between the electrodes is also lowered.
- the present invention since the above configuration is adopted, even if the conductive material is placed for a certain period of time after being placed, the conductive particles can be efficiently placed on the electrodes, and the conduction reliability between the electrodes can be improved. Can be increased sufficiently.
- the boron trifluoride complex is used as the curing accelerator, yellowing of the conductive material can be sufficiently suppressed during heating. In order to acquire such an effect, using a boron trifluoride complex contributes greatly.
- the viscosity ( ⁇ 25) at 25 ° C. of the conductive material is preferably 50 Pa ⁇ s or more, more preferably 100 Pa ⁇ s or more, Preferably it is 500 Pa.s or less, More preferably, it is 300 Pa.s or less.
- the viscosity ( ⁇ 25) can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the type and amount of the compounding component. Further, the use of a filler can make the viscosity relatively high.
- the viscosity ( ⁇ 25) can be measured using, for example, an E-type viscometer (“TVE22L” manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) and the like at 25 ° C. and 5 rpm.
- E-type viscometer (“TVE22L” manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) and the like at 25 ° C. and 5 rpm.
- the conductive material is used as a conductive paste and a conductive film.
- the conductive paste is preferably an anisotropic conductive paste, and the conductive film is preferably an anisotropic conductive film. From the viewpoint of further disposing the solder in the conductive particles on the electrode, the conductive material is preferably a conductive paste.
- the conductive material is preferably used for electrical connection of electrodes.
- the conductive material is preferably a circuit connection material.
- the conductive material includes a binder.
- the conductive material includes a curable compound as the binder.
- the curable compound is preferably a thermosetting compound.
- the conductive material and the binder may contain a thermosetting agent.
- the conductive material and the binder preferably do not contain a thermosetting agent.
- the binder and the curable compound are preferably liquid components at 25 ° C. or components that become liquid when electrically connected.
- the conductive particles electrically connect the electrodes of the connection target member.
- the conductive particles have solder on the outer surface portion of the conductive portion.
- the conductive particles may be solder particles formed by solder.
- the solder particles have solder on the outer surface portion of the conductive portion.
- both the center part and the outer surface part of an electroconductive part are formed with the solder.
- the solder particles are particles in which both the central portion and the conductive outer surface are solder.
- the said electroconductive particle may have a base material particle and the electroconductive part arrange
- the conductive particles have solder on the outer surface portion of the conductive portion.
- the substrate particles may be solder particles formed by solder.
- the conductive particles may be solder particles in which both the base particle and the outer surface portion of the conductive portion are solder.
- the conductive particles are preferably solder particles formed by solder.
- a carboxyl group or an amino group is present on the outer surface of the conductive particles (the outer surface of the solder).
- a carboxyl group is preferably present, and an amino group is preferably present.
- a group containing a carboxyl group or an amino group is shared on the outer surface of the conductive particle (the outer surface of the solder) via a Si—O bond, an ether bond, an ester bond or a group represented by the following formula (X). Bonding is preferred.
- the group containing a carboxyl group or an amino group may contain both a carboxyl group and an amino group. In the following formula (X), the right end and the left end represent a binding site.
- the bond form between the solder surface and the group containing a carboxyl group may not include a coordinate bond, and may not include a bond due to a chelate coordinate.
- the conductive particle is a compound having a functional group capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group or an amino group (hereinafter, It is preferably obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group on the surface of the solder with a functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group using a compound X). In the above reaction, a covalent bond is formed.
- conductive particles in which a group containing a carboxyl group or an amino group is covalently bonded to the surface of the solder are easily obtained. be able to.
- a group containing a carboxyl group or an amino group is covalently bonded to the surface of the solder via an ether bond or an ester bond.
- Conductive particles can also be obtained.
- Examples of the functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group include a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, and a carbonyl group.
- the functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group is preferably a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group.
- the functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group may be a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group.
- Examples of the compound having a functional group capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group include levulinic acid, glutaric acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, 5-ketohexanoic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 4- Aminobutyric acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptoisobutyric acid, 3-methylthiopropionic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 3-phenylisobutyric acid, 4-phenylbutyric acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 9-hexadecenoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, (9,12,15) -linolenic acid, nonadecanoic
- Glutaric acid or glycolic acid is preferred. Only 1 type may be used for the compound which has the functional group which can react with the said hydroxyl group, and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the compound having a functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group is preferably a compound having at least one carboxyl group.
- the compound X preferably has a flux action, and the compound X preferably has a flux action in a state of being bonded to the solder surface.
- the compound having a flux action can remove the oxide film on the surface of the solder and the oxide film on the surface of the electrode.
- the carboxyl group has a flux action.
- Compounds having a flux action include levulinic acid, glutaric acid, glycolic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, 5-ketohexanoic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 4-aminobutyric acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptoisobutyric acid , 3-methylthiopropionic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 3-phenylisobutyric acid and 4-phenylbutyric acid.
- Glutaric acid, adipic acid or glycolic acid is preferred.
- action only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group in the compound X is preferably a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group.
- the functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group in the compound X may be a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group.
- the compound X preferably has at least two carboxyl groups.
- the method for producing conductive particles includes, for example, using conductive particles and mixing the conductive particles, a compound having a functional group capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, a catalyst, and a solvent.
- conductive particles in which a group containing a carboxyl group is covalently bonded to the surface of the solder can be easily obtained by the mixing step.
- this electroconductive particle using electroconductive particle, this electroconductive particle, the compound which has the functional group and carboxyl group which can react with the said hydroxyl group, the said catalyst, and the said solvent are mixed, and it heats. It is preferable.
- conductive particles in which a group containing a carboxyl group is covalently bonded to the surface of the solder can be obtained more easily.
- the solvent examples include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, toluene and xylene.
- the solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and more preferably toluene. As for the said solvent, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the catalyst examples include p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 10-camphorsulfonic acid, and the like.
- the catalyst is preferably p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- the said catalyst only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the heating temperature is preferably 90 ° C or higher, more preferably 100 ° C or higher, preferably 130 ° C or lower, more preferably 110 ° C or lower.
- the conductive particles are a step of reacting the isocyanate compound with a hydroxyl group on the surface of the solder using an isocyanate compound. It is preferable that it is obtained through this. In the above reaction, a covalent bond is formed.
- the hydroxyl group on the surface of the solder with the isocyanate compound it is possible to easily obtain conductive particles in which the nitrogen atom of the group derived from the isocyanate group is covalently bonded to the surface of the solder.
- a group derived from an isocyanate group can be chemically bonded to the surface of the solder in the form of a covalent bond.
- a silane coupling agent can be easily reacted with a group derived from an isocyanate group. Since the said electroconductive particle can be obtained easily, it is preferable that the group containing the said carboxyl group is introduce
- the compound having at least one carboxyl group preferably has a plurality of carboxyl groups.
- isocyanate compound examples include diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Isocyanate compounds other than these may be used. After reacting this compound on the surface of the solder, by reacting the residual isocyanate group and a compound having reactivity with the residual isocyanate group and having a carboxyl group, the surface of the solder is represented by the above formula (X). A carboxyl group can be introduced through the group represented.
- MDI diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate
- HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
- TDI toluene diisocyanate
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- the isocyanate compound a compound having an unsaturated double bond and having an isocyanate group may be used. Examples include 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. After reacting the isocyanate group of this compound on the surface of the solder, reacting the compound having a functional group having reactivity with the remaining unsaturated double bond and having a carboxyl group, A carboxyl group can be introduced to the surface via a group represented by the above formula (X).
- silane coupling agent examples include 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (“KBE-9007” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone) and 3-isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane (“Y-5187” manufactured by MOMENTIVE). As for the said silane coupling agent, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- Examples of the compound having at least one carboxyl group include levulinic acid, glutaric acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, 5-ketohexanoic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 4-amino Butyric acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptoisobutyric acid, 3-methylthiopropionic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 3-phenylisobutyric acid, 4-phenylbutyric acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecane Examples include acid, 9-hexadecenoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, (9,12,15) -linolenic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid
- the carboxyl group of the compound having a plurality of carboxyl groups is reacted with the hydroxyl group on the surface of the solder.
- the group containing can be left.
- the conductive particles are used and the isocyanate compound is used to react the hydroxyl group on the surface of the solder with the isocyanate compound, and then the compound having at least one carboxyl group is reacted.
- the conductive particles in which a group containing a carboxyl group is bonded to the surface of the solder via the group represented by the above formula (X) are obtained.
- conductive particles in which a group containing a carboxyl group is introduced on the surface of the solder can be easily obtained by the above-described steps.
- the following method can be given as a specific method for producing the conductive particles.
- Conductive particles are dispersed in an organic solvent, and a silane coupling agent having an isocyanate group is added. Thereafter, a silane coupling agent is covalently bonded to the surface of the solder using a reaction catalyst between a hydroxyl group and an isocyanate group on the surface of the solder of the conductive particles.
- a hydroxyl group is produced
- Conductive particles are dispersed in an organic solvent, and a compound having an isocyanate group and an unsaturated double bond is added. Thereafter, a covalent bond is formed using a reaction catalyst of a hydroxyl group and an isocyanate group on the surface of the solder of the conductive particles. Thereafter, the unsaturated double bond introduced is reacted with a compound having an unsaturated double bond and a carboxyl group.
- the reaction catalyst for hydroxyl groups and isocyanate groups on the surface of the solder of the conductive particles includes tin catalysts (dibutyltin dilaurate, etc.), amine catalysts (triethylenediamine, etc.), carboxylate catalysts (lead naphthenate, potassium acetate, etc.) And a trialkylphosphine catalyst (such as triethylphosphine).
- the compound having at least one carboxyl group is a compound represented by the following formula (1): Is preferred.
- the compound represented by the following formula (1) has a flux action.
- the compound represented by following formula (1) has a flux effect
- X represents a functional group capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group
- R represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the organic group may contain a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, and an oxygen atom.
- the organic group may be a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the main chain of the organic group is preferably a divalent hydrocarbon group.
- a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group may be bonded to a divalent hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the compound represented by the above formula (1) include citric acid.
- the compound having at least one carboxyl group is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1A) or the following formula (1B).
- the compound having at least one carboxyl group is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1A), and more preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1B).
- R represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R in the above formula (1A) is the same as R in the above formula (1).
- R represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R in the above formula (1B) is the same as R in the above formula (1).
- a group represented by the following formula (2A) or the following formula (2B) is bonded to the surface of the solder.
- a group represented by the following formula (2A) is preferably bonded to the surface of the solder, and more preferably a group represented by the following formula (2B) is bonded.
- the left end represents a binding site.
- R represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R in the above formula (2A) is the same as R in the above formula (1).
- R represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R in the above formula (2B) is the same as R in the above formula (1).
- the compound having at least one carboxyl group preferably has a molecular weight of 10,000 or less, more preferably 1000 or less, and even more preferably 500 or less.
- the molecular weight means a molecular weight that can be calculated from the structural formula when the compound having at least one carboxyl group is not a polymer and when the structural formula of the compound having at least one carboxyl group can be specified. Further, when the compound having at least one carboxyl group is a polymer, it means a weight average molecular weight.
- the conductive particles preferably include the conductive particles and an anionic polymer arranged on the surface of the conductive particles.
- the conductive particles are preferably obtained by surface-treating the conductive particles with an anionic polymer or a compound that becomes an anionic polymer.
- the conductive particles are preferably a surface treated product of an anionic polymer or a compound that becomes an anionic polymer.
- the said anion polymer and the compound used as the said anion polymer only 1 type may respectively be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- Examples of the method for surface-treating the conductive particle main body with an anionic polymer include a method of reacting a carboxyl group of the anionic polymer with a hydroxyl group on the surface of the conductive particle main body.
- Examples of the anionic polymer used in this reaction include a (meth) acrylic polymer copolymerized with (meth) acrylic acid, a polyester polymer synthesized from dicarboxylic acid and diol and having carboxyl groups at both ends, and an intermolecular amount of dicarboxylic acid.
- anion portion of the anionic polymer examples include the carboxyl group, and other than that, a tosyl group (p—H 3 CC 6 H 4 S ( ⁇ O) 2 —), a sulfonate ion group (—SO 3 —) ), And phosphate ion groups (—PO 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- a compound having a functional group that reacts with a hydroxyl group on the surface of the conductive particle main body and a functional group that can be polymerized by addition or condensation reaction is used as another method for the surface treatment.
- the method of polymerizing on the surface of an electroconductive particle main body is mentioned.
- the functional group that reacts with the hydroxyl group on the surface of the conductive particle body include a carboxyl group and an isocyanate group, and the functional group that polymerizes by addition and condensation reactions includes a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and (meta ) An acryloyl group is mentioned.
- the weight average molecular weight of the anionic polymer is preferably 2000 or more, more preferably 3000 or more, preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 8000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, a sufficient amount of charge and flux properties can be introduced on the surface of the conductive particles. Thereby, the cohesiveness of electroconductive particle can be effectively improved at the time of conductive connection, and the oxide film on the surface of an electrode can be effectively removed at the time of connection of the connection object member.
- the weight average molecular weight is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it is easy to dispose an anionic polymer on the surface of the conductive particle body, and it is possible to effectively increase the cohesiveness of the solder particles at the time of conductive connection.
- the conductive particles can be arranged more efficiently on the electrode.
- the weight average molecular weight indicates a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer obtained by surface-treating the conductive particle main body with a compound that becomes an anionic polymer is obtained by dissolving the solder in the conductive particles, and diluting the conductive particles with dilute hydrochloric acid that does not cause decomposition of the polymer. After removal, it can be determined by measuring the weight average molecular weight of the remaining polymer.
- the acid value per 1 g of the conductive particles is preferably 1 mgKOH or more, more preferably 2 mgKOH or more, preferably 10 mgKOH or less, more preferably 6 mgKOH or less.
- the acid value can be measured as follows.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of conductive particles that can be used as a conductive material.
- the conductive particles 21 shown in FIG. 4 are solder particles.
- the conductive particles 21 are entirely formed of solder.
- the conductive particles 21 do not have base particles in the core, and are not core-shell particles.
- both the center part and the outer surface part of an electroconductive part are formed with the solder.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of conductive particles that can be used as a conductive material.
- the electroconductive particle 31 shown in FIG. 5 is equipped with the base material particle 32 and the electroconductive part 33 arrange
- the conductive portion 33 covers the surface of the base particle 32.
- the conductive particles 31 are coated particles in which the surface of the base particle 32 is covered with the conductive portion 33.
- the conductive portion 33 has a second conductive portion 33A and a solder portion 33B (first conductive portion).
- the conductive particle 31 includes a second conductive portion 33A between the base particle 32 and the solder portion 33B. Therefore, the conductive particles 31 are composed of the base particle 32, the second conductive portion 33A disposed on the surface of the base particle 32, and the solder portion 33B disposed on the outer surface of the second conductive portion 33A.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a third example of conductive particles that can be used as a conductive material.
- the conductive portion 33 in the conductive particle 31 has a two-layer structure.
- the conductive particle 41 shown in FIG. 6 has a solder part 42 as a single-layer conductive part.
- the conductive particles 41 include base particles 32 and solder portions 42 disposed on the surfaces of the base particles 32.
- the substrate particles include resin particles, inorganic particles excluding metal particles, organic-inorganic hybrid particles, and metal particles.
- the substrate particles are preferably substrate particles excluding metal, and are preferably resin particles, inorganic particles excluding metal particles, or organic-inorganic hybrid particles.
- the substrate particles may be copper particles.
- the base particle may have a core and a shell disposed on the surface of the core, or may be a core-shell particle.
- the core may be an organic core, and the shell may be an inorganic shell.
- the resin for forming the resin particles include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyisobutylene, and polybutadiene; acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polymethyl acrylate; polycarbonate , Polyamide, phenol formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, benzoguanamine formaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, benzoguanamine resin, urea resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, saturated polyester resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide , Polyacetal, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyether ether Tons, polyether sulfone, divinyl benzene polymer, and divinylbenzene copolymer,
- polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene,
- the divinylbenzene copolymer examples include divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer and divinylbenzene- (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymer. Since the hardness of the resin particles can be easily controlled within a suitable range, the resin for forming the resin particles is a polymer obtained by polymerizing one or more polymerizable monomers having an ethylenically unsaturated group. It is preferably a coalescence.
- the polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group may be a non-crosslinkable monomer or a crosslinkable monomer. And the monomer.
- non-crosslinkable monomer examples include styrene monomers such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; carboxyl group-containing monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride; (Meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, cetyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl ( Alkyl (meth) acrylate compounds such as meth) acrylate and isobornyl (meth) acrylate; 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, glycerol (meth) acrylate, polyoxyethylene (meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, etc.
- Oxygen atom-containing (meth) acrylate compounds Nitrile-containing monomers such as (meth) acrylonitrile; Vinyl ether compounds such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and propyl vinyl ether; Acids such as vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl laurate, and vinyl stearate Vinyl ester compounds; unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene, and butadiene; halogen-containing monomers such as trifluoromethyl (meth) acrylate, pentafluoroethyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, and chlorostyrene Etc.
- Nitrile-containing monomers such as (meth) acrylonitrile
- Vinyl ether compounds such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and propyl vinyl ether
- Acids such as vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl laurate, and vinyl stea
- crosslinkable monomer examples include tetramethylolmethane tetra (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, and dipenta Erythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, glycerol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) propylene glycol di (meth) Polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compounds such as acrylate, (poly) tetramethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate; triallyl (iso) sia Silane-
- (meth) acrylate indicates acrylate and methacrylate.
- (meth) acryl refers to acrylic and methacrylic.
- (meth) acryloyl refers to acryloyl and methacryloyl.
- the resin particles can be obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group by a known method. Examples of this method include a method of suspension polymerization in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, and a method of polymerizing by swelling a monomer together with a radical polymerization initiator using non-crosslinked seed particles.
- examples of inorganic substances for forming the substrate particles include silica, alumina, barium titanate, zirconia, and carbon black.
- the inorganic substance is preferably not a metal.
- the particles formed from the silica are not particularly limited. For example, after forming a crosslinked polymer particle by hydrolyzing a silicon compound having two or more hydrolyzable alkoxysilyl groups, firing may be performed as necessary. The particle
- examples of the organic / inorganic hybrid particles include organic / inorganic hybrid particles formed of a crosslinked alkoxysilyl polymer and an acrylic resin.
- the organic-inorganic hybrid particles are preferably core-shell type organic-inorganic hybrid particles having a core and a shell disposed on the surface of the core.
- the core is preferably an organic core.
- the shell is preferably an inorganic shell.
- the base material particles are preferably organic-inorganic hybrid particles having an organic core and an inorganic shell disposed on the surface of the organic core.
- Examples of the material for forming the organic core include the resin for forming the resin particles described above.
- Examples of the material for forming the inorganic shell include inorganic substances for forming the above-described base material particles.
- the material for forming the inorganic shell is preferably silica.
- the inorganic shell is preferably formed on the surface of the core by forming a metal alkoxide into a shell by a sol-gel method and then sintering the shell.
- the metal alkoxide is preferably a silane alkoxide.
- the inorganic shell is preferably formed of a silane alkoxide.
- the particle diameter of the core is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter of the core is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, conductive particles more suitable for electrical connection between electrodes can be obtained, and the base particles can be suitably used for the use of conductive particles.
- the particle diameter of the core is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, when the electrodes are connected using the conductive particles, the contact area between the conductive particles and the electrodes is sufficiently large, and When the conductive part is formed on the surface of the base particle, the aggregated conductive particles can be made difficult to be formed.
- the distance between the electrodes connected via the conductive particles does not become too large, and the conductive portion can be made difficult to peel from the surface of the base material particles.
- the particle diameter of the core means a diameter when the core is a true sphere, and means a maximum diameter when the core is a shape other than a true sphere.
- the particle diameter of a core means the average particle diameter which measured the core with arbitrary particle diameter measuring apparatuses.
- a particle size distribution measuring apparatus using principles such as laser light scattering, electrical resistance value change, and image analysis after imaging can be used.
- the thickness of the shell is preferably 100 nm or more, more preferably 200 nm or more, preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the shell is an average thickness per base particle. The thickness of the shell can be controlled by controlling the sol-gel method.
- the substrate particles are metal particles
- examples of the metal for forming the metal particles include silver, copper, nickel, silicon, gold, and titanium.
- the metal particles are preferably copper particles.
- the substrate particles are preferably not metal particles.
- the particle diameter of the substrate particles is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the connection resistance between the formed electrodes can be further reduced.
- the particle diameter of the substrate particles is not more than the above upper limit, the conductive particles are easily compressed, the connection resistance between the electrodes can be further reduced, and the interval between the electrodes can be further reduced. it can.
- the particle diameter of the substrate particles indicates a diameter when the substrate particles are spherical, and indicates a maximum diameter when the substrate particles are not spherical.
- the particle diameter of the substrate particles is particularly preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter of the substrate particles is in the range of 5 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, the distance between the electrodes can be further reduced, and even when the thickness of the conductive layer is increased, small conductive particles can be obtained. Can do.
- the method for forming the conductive part on the surface of the base particle and the method for forming the solder part on the surface of the base particle or the surface of the second conductive part are not particularly limited.
- Examples of the method for forming the conductive portion and the solder portion include a method by electroless plating, a method by electroplating, a method by physical collision, a method by mechanochemical reaction, a method by physical vapor deposition or physical adsorption, And a method of coating the surface of the substrate particles with a paste containing metal powder or metal powder and a binder.
- a method using electroless plating, electroplating, or physical collision is preferable.
- Examples of the method by physical vapor deposition include methods such as vacuum vapor deposition, ion plating, and ion sputtering. Further, in the method based on the physical collision, for example, a sheeter composer (manufactured by Tokuju Kogakusha Co., Ltd.) or the like is used.
- the melting point of the base material particles is preferably higher than the melting points of the conductive part and the solder part.
- the melting point of the substrate particles is preferably higher than 160 ° C, more preferably higher than 300 ° C, still more preferably higher than 400 ° C, and particularly preferably higher than 450 ° C.
- the melting point of the substrate particles may be less than 400 ° C.
- the melting point of the substrate particles may be 160 ° C. or less.
- the softening point of the substrate particles is preferably 260 ° C. or higher.
- the softening point of the substrate particles may be less than 260 ° C.
- the conductive particles may have a single layer solder portion.
- the conductive particles may have a plurality of layers of conductive parts (solder part, second conductive part). That is, in the conductive particles, two or more conductive portions may be stacked. When the conductive part has two or more layers, the conductive particles preferably have solder on the outer surface portion of the conductive part.
- the solder is preferably a metal (low melting point metal) having a melting point of 450 ° C. or lower.
- the solder part is preferably a metal layer (low melting point metal layer) having a melting point of 450 ° C. or lower.
- the low melting point metal layer is a layer containing a low melting point metal.
- the solder in the conductive particles is preferably metal particles having a melting point of 450 ° C. or lower (low melting point metal particles).
- the low melting point metal particles are particles containing a low melting point metal.
- the low melting point metal is a metal having a melting point of 450 ° C. or lower.
- the melting point of the low melting point metal is preferably 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably 160 ° C. or lower.
- the solder in the conductive particles preferably contains tin.
- the tin content is preferably 30% by weight or more, more preferably 40% by weight or more, and still more preferably. It is 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the tin content is determined using a high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (“ICP-AES” manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) or a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (“EDX-800HS” manufactured by Shimadzu). It can be measured.
- ICP-AES high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
- EDX-800HS fluorescent X-ray analyzer
- the solder is melted and joined to the electrodes, and the solder conducts between the electrodes. For example, since the solder and the electrode are not in point contact but in surface contact, the connection resistance is lowered.
- the use of conductive particles having solder on the outer surface of the conductive portion increases the bonding strength between the solder and the electrode, and as a result, the solder and the electrode are more unlikely to peel off, and the conduction reliability is effective. To be high.
- the solder part and the low melting point metal constituting the solder are not particularly limited.
- the low melting point metal is preferably tin or an alloy containing tin. Examples of the alloy include a tin-silver alloy, a tin-copper alloy, a tin-silver-copper alloy, a tin-bismuth alloy, a tin-zinc alloy, and a tin-indium alloy.
- the low melting point metal is preferably tin, tin-silver alloy, tin-silver-copper alloy, tin-bismuth alloy, or tin-indium alloy because of its excellent wettability to the electrode. More preferred are a tin-bismuth alloy and a tin-indium alloy.
- the material constituting the solder is preferably a filler material having a liquidus of 450 ° C. or lower based on JIS Z3001: Welding terms.
- the composition of the solder include a metal composition containing zinc, gold, silver, lead, copper, tin, bismuth, indium and the like.
- the solder in the conductive particles is nickel, copper, antimony, aluminum, zinc, iron, gold, titanium, phosphorus, germanium, tellurium, cobalt, bismuth, manganese. Further, it may contain a metal such as chromium, molybdenum and palladium. Moreover, from the viewpoint of further increasing the bonding strength between the solder and the electrode, the solder in the conductive particles preferably contains nickel, copper, antimony, aluminum, or zinc.
- the content of these metals for increasing the bonding strength is preferably 0% in 100% by weight of the solder in the conductive particles. 0.0001% by weight or more, preferably 1% by weight or less.
- the melting point of the second conductive part is preferably higher than the melting point of the solder part.
- the melting point of the second conductive part is preferably above 160 ° C, more preferably above 300 ° C, even more preferably above 400 ° C, even more preferably above 450 ° C, particularly preferably above 500 ° C, most preferably Preferably it exceeds 600 degreeC. Since the solder part has a low melting point, it melts during conductive connection. It is preferable that the second conductive portion does not melt during conductive connection.
- the conductive particles are preferably used by melting solder, preferably used by melting the solder part, and used without melting the solder part and melting the second conductive part. It is preferred that Since the melting point of the second conductive part is higher than the melting point of the solder part, only the solder part can be melted without melting the second conductive part at the time of conductive connection.
- the absolute value of the difference between the melting point of the solder part and the melting point of the second conductive part exceeds 0 ° C, preferably 5 ° C or more, more preferably 10 ° C or more, still more preferably 30 ° C or more, particularly preferably Is 50 ° C. or higher, most preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- the second conductive part preferably contains a metal.
- the metal which comprises the said 2nd electroconductive part is not specifically limited. Examples of the metal include gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, zinc, lead, aluminum, cobalt, indium, nickel, chromium, titanium, antimony, bismuth, germanium and cadmium, and alloys thereof. Further, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) may be used as the metal. As for the said metal, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the second conductive portion is preferably a nickel layer, a palladium layer, a copper layer, or a gold layer, more preferably a nickel layer or a gold layer, and even more preferably a copper layer.
- the conductive particles preferably have a nickel layer, a palladium layer, a copper layer, or a gold layer, more preferably have a nickel layer or a gold layer, and more preferably have a copper layer.
- the thickness of the solder part is preferably 0.005 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the solder part is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, sufficient conductivity is obtained, and the conductive particles do not become too hard, and the conductive particles are sufficiently deformed when connecting the electrodes. .
- the average particle diameter of the conductive particles is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the conductive particles is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the conductive particles can be more efficiently disposed on the electrode, and the conduction reliability is further enhanced.
- the average particle diameter of the conductive particles indicates a number average particle diameter.
- the average particle diameter of the conductive particles is obtained, for example, by observing 50 arbitrary conductive particles with an electron microscope or an optical microscope, calculating an average value, or performing laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement.
- the coefficient of variation of the particle diameter of the conductive particles is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more, preferably 40% or less, more preferably 30% or less.
- the variation coefficient of the particle diameter is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the solder can be more efficiently disposed on the electrode.
- the coefficient of variation of the particle diameter of the conductive particles may be less than 5%.
- the coefficient of variation (CV value) can be measured as follows.
- CV value (%) ( ⁇ / Dn) ⁇ 100 ⁇ : Standard deviation of particle diameter of conductive particles Dn: Average value of particle diameter of conductive particles
- the shape of the conductive particles is not particularly limited.
- the conductive particles may have a spherical shape or a shape other than a spherical shape such as a flat shape.
- the content of the conductive particles in 100% by weight of the conductive material is preferably 30% by weight or more, more preferably 40% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, and preferably 95% by weight or less. Preferably it is 90 weight% or less.
- the content of the conductive particles is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the conductive particles can be more efficiently disposed on the electrodes, and a large amount of solder in the conductive particles is disposed between the electrodes. Is easy and the conduction reliability is further enhanced. From the viewpoint of further improving the conduction reliability, the content of the conductive particles is preferably large.
- the curable compound examples include a thermosetting compound and a photocurable compound.
- the curable compound is preferably a thermosetting compound.
- the thermosetting compound is a compound that can be cured by heating.
- examples of the thermosetting compound include oxetane compounds, epoxy compounds, episulfide compounds, (meth) acrylic compounds, phenolic compounds, amino compounds, unsaturated polyester compounds, polyurethane compounds, silicone compounds, and polyimide compounds.
- the curable compound is preferably an epoxy compound or an episulfide compound, and more preferably an epoxy compound.
- the conductive material preferably contains an epoxy compound.
- the said thermosetting compound only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the epoxy compound is preferably an aromatic epoxy compound such as a resorcinol type epoxy compound, a naphthalene type epoxy compound, a biphenyl type epoxy compound, a benzophenone type epoxy compound, or a phenol novolac type epoxy compound.
- Epoxy compounds having a melting temperature below the melting point of the solder are preferred.
- the melting temperature is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 40 ° C. or lower.
- the content of the curable compound is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 8% by weight or more, still more preferably 10% by weight or more, and preferably 60% by weight or less. Preferably it is 55 weight% or less, More preferably, it is 50 weight% or less, Most preferably, it is 40 weight% or less.
- the content of the curable compound is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the conductive particles are more efficiently arranged on the electrodes, the positional displacement between the electrodes is further suppressed, and the conduction reliability between the electrodes is The sex can be further enhanced. From the viewpoint of further improving the impact resistance, it is preferable that the content of the thermosetting compound is large.
- thermosetting agent The conductive material according to the present invention preferably does not contain a thermosetting agent.
- the conductive material according to the present invention may contain a thermosetting compound and a thermosetting agent.
- the thermosetting agent thermosets the thermosetting compound.
- the thermosetting agent include imidazole curing agents, amine curing agents, phenol curing agents, polythiol curing agents and other thiol curing agents, acid anhydride curing agents, thermal cation initiators (thermal cation curing agents), and thermal radical generators. Is mentioned.
- the said thermosetting agent only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the content of the thermosetting agent is preferably less than 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting compound. More preferably, it is less than 1 part by weight, and even more preferably less than 0.05 part by weight. It is particularly preferable that the content of the thermosetting agent is 0 part by weight (not contained) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting compound.
- the content of the thermosetting agent is the above preferable content, the solder in the conductive particles can be efficiently disposed on the electrode even when the conductive material is left for a certain period of time. Sometimes the yellowing of the conductive material can be sufficiently suppressed.
- thermosetting agent is not a thiol curing agent from the viewpoint of more efficiently disposing the conductive particles on the electrode.
- the thermosetting agent is preferably not an imidazole curing agent.
- the content of the imidazole thermosetting agent is preferably less than 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting compound.
- the amount is more preferably less than 0.1 parts by weight, and further preferably less than 0.05 parts by weight. It is particularly preferable that the content of the imidazole thermosetting agent is 0 part by weight (not contained) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting compound.
- the content of the imidazole thermosetting agent is the above preferable content, even when the conductive material is allowed to stand for a certain period, the solder in the conductive particles can be efficiently disposed on the electrode, Yellowing of the conductive material can be sufficiently suppressed during heating.
- the imidazole curing agent is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the imidazole curing agent include 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazolium trimellitate, 2,4-diamino-6. -[2'-methylimidazolyl- (1 ')]-ethyl-s-triazine and 2,4-diamino-6- [2'-methylimidazolyl- (1')]-ethyl-s-triazine isocyanuric acid adducts Etc.
- the thiol curing agent is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the thiol curing agent include trimethylolpropane tris-3-mercaptopropionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis-3-mercaptopropionate, and dipentaerythritol hexa-3-mercaptopropionate.
- the amine curing agent is not particularly limited.
- examples of the amine curing agent include hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine, 3,9-bis (3-aminopropyl) -2,4,8,10-tetraspiro [5.5] undecane, bis (4 -Aminocyclohexyl) methane, metaphenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylsulfone and the like.
- thermal cation initiator examples include iodonium cation curing agents, oxonium cation curing agents, and sulfonium cation curing agents.
- examples of the iodonium-based cationic curing agent include bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium hexafluorophosphate.
- examples of the oxonium-based cationic curing agent include trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate.
- the sulfonium-based cationic curing agent examples include tri-p-tolylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate.
- the thermal radical generator is not particularly limited.
- the thermal radical generator include azo compounds and organic peroxides.
- the azo compound include azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- the organic peroxide include di-tert-butyl peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
- the reaction initiation temperature of the thermosetting agent is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, further preferably 70 ° C. or higher, preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or lower, and still more preferably 190 ° C. Hereinafter, it is particularly preferably 180 ° C. or lower.
- the reaction start temperature of the thermosetting agent is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the conductive particles are more efficiently arranged on the electrode.
- the content of the thermosetting agent is not particularly limited.
- the content of the thermosetting agent with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting compound is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more, more preferably 1 part by weight or more, preferably 200 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less, more preferably 75 parts by weight or less.
- the content of the thermosetting agent is not less than the above lower limit, it is easy to sufficiently cure the conductive material.
- the content of the thermosetting agent is not more than the above upper limit, it is difficult for an excess thermosetting agent that did not participate in curing after curing to remain, and the heat resistance of the cured product is further enhanced.
- the conductive material according to the present invention includes a boron trifluoride complex.
- a boron trifluoride complex As for the said boron trifluoride complex, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the boron trifluoride complex preferably acts as a curing accelerator for the curable compound.
- the conductive material preferably does not contain the thermosetting agent, and the curable compound is preferably singly cured by the boron trifluoride complex.
- the curable compound is preferably homopolymerized by the boron trifluoride complex. It is preferable to form a cured product by reacting the curable compound alone with the boron trifluoride complex.
- it is preferable that a plurality of the curable compounds are bonded to each other. In such a case, even when the conductive material is left for a certain period, the conductive particles can be efficiently disposed on the electrodes, and the conduction reliability between the electrodes can be sufficiently enhanced.
- boron trifluoride complex examples include boron trifluoride-amine complex.
- the boron trifluoride-amine complex is a complex of boron trifluoride and an amine compound.
- the amine compound may be a cyclic amine. Only one type of boron trifluoride-amine complex may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- boron trifluoride-amine complex examples include boron trifluoride-monoethylamine complex, boron trifluoride-piperidine complex, boron trifluoride-triethylamine complex, boron trifluoride-aniline complex, boron trifluoride-diethylamine. And complex, boron trifluoride-isopropylamine complex, boron trifluoride-chlorophenylamine complex, boron trifluoride-benzylamine complex, boron trifluoride-monopentylamine complex, and the like.
- the boron trifluoride complex is preferably a boron trifluoride-monoethylamine complex from the viewpoint of more efficiently arranging the conductive particles on the electrode. .
- the content of the boron trifluoride complex in 100% by weight of the conductive material is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.2% by weight or more, and preferably 1.5% by weight or less. Preferably it is 1.0 weight% or less.
- the content of the boron trifluoride complex is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, even when the conductive material is left for a certain period of time, the conductive particles can be arranged more efficiently on the electrode, It is easy to dispose much solder in the conductive particles between the electrodes, and the conduction reliability is further enhanced.
- the conductive material preferably contains a flux.
- the flux is not particularly limited.
- As the flux a flux generally used for soldering or the like can be used.
- Examples of the flux include zinc chloride, a mixture of zinc chloride and an inorganic halide, a mixture of zinc chloride and an inorganic acid, a molten salt, phosphoric acid, a derivative of phosphoric acid, an organic halide, hydrazine, an organic acid, and pine resin. Etc. As for the said flux, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- Examples of the molten salt include ammonium chloride.
- Examples of the organic acid include lactic acid, citric acid, stearic acid, glutamic acid, malic acid, and glutaric acid.
- Examples of the pine resin include activated pine resin and non-activated pine resin.
- the flux is preferably an organic acid having two or more carboxyl groups or pine resin.
- the flux may be an organic acid having two or more carboxyl groups, or pine resin. Use of an organic acid having two or more carboxyl groups or pine resin further increases the reliability of conduction between the electrodes.
- the above rosins are rosins whose main component is abietic acid.
- the flux is preferably a rosin, and more preferably abietic acid. By using this preferable flux, the conduction reliability between the electrodes is further enhanced.
- the active temperature (melting point) of the flux is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, further preferably 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 200 ° C. or lower, more preferably 190 ° C. or lower, and still more preferably 160 ° C or lower, more preferably 150 ° C or lower, and still more preferably 140 ° C or lower.
- the active temperature (melting point) of the flux is preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 190 ° C. or lower.
- the activation temperature (melting point) of the flux is particularly preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 140 ° C. or lower.
- the flux having an active temperature (melting point) of 80 ° C. or higher and 190 ° C. or lower includes succinic acid (melting point 186 ° C.), glutaric acid (melting point 96 ° C.), adipic acid (melting point 152 ° C.), pimelic acid (melting point) 104 ° C.), dicarboxylic acids such as suberic acid (melting point 142 ° C.), benzoic acid (melting point 122 ° C.), malic acid (melting point 130 ° C.), and the like.
- the boiling point of the flux is preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- the flux is preferably a flux that releases cations by heating.
- a flux that releases cations by heating the solder in the conductive particles can be more efficiently placed on the electrode.
- thermal cation initiator thermal cation curing agent
- the flux is a salt of an acid compound and a base compound.
- the acid compound preferably has an effect of washing the metal surface, and the base compound preferably has an action of neutralizing the acid compound.
- the flux is preferably a neutralization reaction product between the acid compound and the base compound. As for the said flux, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the melting point of the flux is preferably 60 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher. When the melting point of the flux is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the storage stability of the flux is further enhanced.
- the melting point of the flux is preferably lower than the melting point of the solder in the conductive particles, more preferably 5 ° C. or more, More preferably, it is 10 ° C. or lower.
- the melting point of the flux may be higher than the melting point of the solder in the conductive particles.
- the use temperature of the conductive material is equal to or higher than the melting point of the solder in the conductive particles. If the melting point of the flux is equal to or lower than the use temperature of the conductive material, the melting point of the flux is the melting point of the solder in the conductive particles.
- the above-mentioned flux can sufficiently exhibit the performance as a flux.
- a conductive material in which the use temperature of the conductive material is 150 ° C. or higher, and includes solder (Sn42Bi58: melting point 139 ° C.) in conductive particles and a flux (melting point 146 ° C.) that is a salt of malic acid and benzylamine.
- solder Sn42Bi58: melting point 139 ° C.
- a flux melting point 146 ° C.
- the flux which is a salt of malic acid and benzylamine sufficiently exhibits a flux action.
- the melting point of the flux is preferably lower than the reaction start temperature of the curable compound, more preferably 5 ° C. or more, More preferably, it is 10 ° C. or lower.
- the acid compound is preferably an organic compound having a carboxyl group.
- the acid compound include aliphatic carboxylic acids such as malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and cyclic aliphatic carboxylic acid.
- aliphatic carboxylic acids such as malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and cyclic aliphatic carboxylic acid.
- examples thereof include cyclohexyl carboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexyl dicarboxylic acid, aromatic carboxylic acids such as isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
- the acid compound is preferably glutaric acid
- the base compound is preferably an organic compound having an amino group.
- the basic compound include diethanolamine, triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, benzylamine, benzhydrylamine, 2-methylbenzylamine, 3-methylbenzylamine, 4-tert-butylbenzylamine. N-methylbenzylamine, N-ethylbenzylamine, N-phenylbenzylamine, N-tert-butylbenzylamine, N-isopropylbenzylamine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, imidazole compounds, and triazole compounds. .
- the base compound is preferably benzylamine, 2-methylbenzylamine, or 3-methylbenzylamine.
- the flux may be dispersed in the conductive material or may be adhered on the surface of the conductive particles. From the viewpoint of further effectively increasing the flux effect, the flux is preferably attached on the surface of the conductive particles.
- the flux is preferably solid at 25 ° C., and the flux is preferably dispersed in a solid state in a conductive material at 25 ° C.
- the content of the flux is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less.
- the flux content is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it becomes more difficult to form an oxide film on the surface of the solder and the electrode, and the oxide film formed on the surface of the solder and the electrode is more effective. Can be removed.
- a filler may be added to the conductive material.
- the filler may be an organic filler or an inorganic filler. By adding the filler, the conductive particles can be uniformly aggregated on all the electrodes of the substrate.
- the conductive material does not contain the filler or contains the filler at 5% by weight or less.
- the crystalline thermosetting compound is used, the smaller the filler content, the easier the solder moves on the electrode.
- the content of the filler is preferably 0% by weight (not contained) or more, preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 2% by weight or less, and further preferably 1% by weight or less. It is. When the content of the filler is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the conductive particles are more efficiently arranged on the electrode.
- the conductive material may be, for example, a filler, an extender, a softener, a plasticizer, a polymerization catalyst, a curing catalyst, a colorant, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, and a lubricant as necessary.
- various additives such as an antistatic agent and a flame retardant may be included.
- connection structure includes a first connection target member having at least one first electrode on the surface, a second connection target member having at least one second electrode on the surface, and the first The connection object member and the connection part which has connected the said 2nd connection object member are provided.
- the material of the connection portion is the conductive material described above.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected by a solder portion in the connection portion.
- the manufacturing method of the connection structure according to the present invention includes the step of disposing the conductive material on the surface of the first connection target member having at least one first electrode on the surface, using the conductive material described above. Prepare.
- a second connection target member having at least one second electrode on the surface of the conductive material opposite to the first connection target member side is provided.
- the manufacturing method of the connection structure according to the present invention connects the first connection target member and the second connection target member by heating the conductive material to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the solder in the conductive particles. Forming a connecting portion made of the conductive material, and electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode by a solder portion in the connecting portion.
- connection structure since a specific conductive material is used, the solder in the conductive particles easily collects between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the solder Can be efficiently arranged on the electrode (line). In addition, a part of the solder is difficult to be disposed in a region (space) where no electrode is formed, and the amount of solder disposed in a region where no electrode is formed can be considerably reduced. Therefore, the conduction reliability between the first electrode and the second electrode can be improved. In addition, it is possible to prevent electrical connection between laterally adjacent electrodes that should not be connected, and to improve insulation reliability.
- the conductive material is not a conductive film, It is preferable to use a conductive paste.
- the thickness of the solder part between the electrodes is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less.
- the solder wetted area on the surface of the electrode is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more, still more preferably 70% or more, preferably Is 100% or less.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a connection structure obtained using a conductive material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- connection structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a connection that connects a first connection target member 2, a second connection target member 3, and the first connection target member 2 and the second connection target member 3.
- Part 4 is formed of the conductive material described above.
- the conductive material includes conductive particles, a curable compound, and a boron trifluoride complex.
- a thermosetting compound is included as the curable compound.
- solder particles are included as the conductive particles.
- the thermosetting compound and the boron trifluoride complex are referred to as a thermosetting component (curable component).
- the connecting portion 4 includes a solder portion 4A in which a plurality of solder particles are gathered and joined to each other, and a cured product portion 4B in which a thermosetting component is thermally cured.
- the first connection object member 2 has a plurality of first electrodes 2a on the surface (upper surface).
- the second connection target member 3 has a plurality of second electrodes 3a on the surface (lower surface).
- the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 3a are electrically connected by the solder portion 4A. Therefore, the first connection target member 2 and the second connection target member 3 are electrically connected by the solder portion 4A.
- no solder exists in a region (cured product portion 4B portion) different from the solder portion 4A gathered between the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 3a.
- connection structure 1 a plurality of solder particles gather between the first electrode 2 a and the second electrode 3 a, and after the plurality of solder particles melt, After the electrode surface wets and spreads, it solidifies to form the solder portion 4A. For this reason, the connection area of 4 A of solder parts and the 1st electrode 2a, and 4 A of solder parts, and the 2nd electrode 3a becomes large. That is, by using solder particles, the solder portion 4A, the first electrode 2a, and the solder as compared with the case where the outer surface portion of the conductive portion is made of conductive particles such as nickel, gold or copper are used. The contact area between the portion 4A and the second electrode 3a increases. For this reason, the conduction
- the conductive material may contain a flux. When the flux is used, the flux is generally deactivated gradually by heating.
- connection structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 all of the solder portions 4A are located in the facing region between the first and second electrodes 2a and 3a.
- the connection structure 1X of the modification shown in FIG. 3 is different from the connection structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 only in the connection portion 4X.
- the connection part 4X has the solder part 4XA and the hardened
- most of the solder portions 4XA are located in regions where the first and second electrodes 2a and 3a are opposed to each other, and a part of the solder portion 4XA is first and second. You may protrude to the side from the area
- the solder part 4XA protruding laterally from the region where the first and second electrodes 2a and 3a are opposed is a part of the solder part 4XA and is not a solder separated from the solder part 4XA.
- the amount of solder away from the solder portion can be reduced, but the solder away from the solder portion may exist in the cured product portion.
- connection structure 1 If the amount of solder particles used is reduced, the connection structure 1 can be easily obtained. If the amount of the solder particles used is increased, it becomes easy to obtain the connection structure 1X.
- the solder portion in the connecting portion is arranged in 50% or more of the area of 100% of the portion facing the two electrodes.
- the solder portion in the connection portion is disposed in 60% or more of 100% of the area of the portion facing the two electrodes.
- the solder portion in the connecting portion is arranged in 70% or more of the area of 100% of the portion facing the two electrodes.
- the solder portion in the connecting portion is disposed in 80% or more of 100% of the area facing the two electrodes.
- the solder portion in the connection portion is disposed in 90% or more of the area of 100% of the portion facing the two electrodes. Satisfaction of the above preferred embodiment can further enhance the conduction reliability.
- connection structure 1 using the conductive material Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the connection structure 1 using the conductive material according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the first connection target member 2 having the first electrode 2a on the surface (upper surface) is prepared.
- a conductive material 11 including a thermosetting component 11B and a plurality of solder particles 11A is disposed on the surface of the first connection target member 2 (first Process).
- the conductive material 11 includes a thermosetting compound and a boron trifluoride complex as the thermosetting component 11B.
- the conductive material 11 is disposed on the surface of the first connection target member 2 on which the first electrode 2a is provided. After the conductive material 11 is disposed, the solder particles 11A are disposed both on the first electrode 2a (line) and on a region (space) where the first electrode 2a is not formed.
- the arrangement method of the conductive material 11 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include application by a dispenser, screen printing, and discharge by an inkjet device.
- the 2nd connection object member 3 which has the 2nd electrode 3a on the surface (lower surface) is prepared.
- the 2nd connection object member 3 is arrange
- the second connection target member 3 is disposed from the second electrode 3a side. At this time, the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 3a are opposed to each other.
- the conductive material 11 is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the solder particles 11A (third step).
- the conductive material 11 is heated above the curing temperature of the thermosetting component 11B (thermosetting compound).
- the solder particles 11A that existed in the region where no electrode is formed gather between the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 3a (self-aggregation effect).
- the thermosetting component 11B is thermoset. As a result, as shown in FIG.
- connection portion 4 that connects the first connection target member 2 and the second connection target member 3 is formed of the conductive material 11.
- the connection part 4 is formed of the conductive material 11
- the solder part 4A is formed by joining a plurality of solder particles 11A
- the cured part 4B is formed by thermosetting the thermosetting component 11B.
- cured material part 4B is a hardened
- the conductive material 11 has the above-described configuration. Even if the state of FIG. 2A is maintained for a certain time after the conductive material 11 is arranged on the surface of the first connection target member 2 on which the first electrode 2a is provided, the third step When the conductive material 11 is heated, the solder particles 11A present in the region where no electrode is formed can be collected between the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 3a without any problem. .
- an electrically conductive material is arrange
- the first electrode and the second electrode are overlapped. Even when the alignment is shifted, the shift can be corrected and the first electrode and the second electrode can be connected (self-alignment effect). This is because the melted solder self-aggregated between the first electrode and the second electrode has an area where the solder between the first electrode and the second electrode and the other components of the conductive material are in contact with each other. This is because the minimum is more stable in terms of energy, and the force to make the connection structure with alignment, which is the connection structure having the minimum area, works. At this time, it is desirable that the conductive material is not cured, and that the viscosity of components other than the conductive particles of the conductive material is sufficiently low at that temperature and time.
- the viscosity of the conductive material at the melting point of the solder is preferably 50 Pa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 10 Pa ⁇ s or less, still more preferably 1 Pa ⁇ s or less, preferably 0.1 Pa ⁇ s or more, more preferably 0. 2 Pa ⁇ s or more. If the viscosity is equal to or lower than the upper limit, the solder in the conductive particles can be efficiently aggregated. If the viscosity is equal to or higher than the lower limit, voids at the connection portion are suppressed, and conduction to other than the connection portion is prevented. The protrusion of the material can be suppressed.
- the viscosity of the conductive material at the melting point of the solder is measured as follows.
- the viscosity of the conductive material at the melting point of the solder is as follows: STRESSTECH (manufactured by EOLOGICA), etc., strain control 1 rad, frequency 1 Hz, temperature rising rate 20 ° C./min, measurement temperature range 25 to 200 ° C. When the melting point exceeds 200 ° C., the upper limit of the temperature is taken as the melting point of the solder). From the measurement results, the viscosity at the melting point (° C.) of the solder is evaluated.
- connection structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
- the second step and the third step may be performed continuously.
- the laminated body of the 1st connection object member 2, the electrically-conductive material 11, and the 2nd connection object member 3 which are obtained is moved to a heating part, and the said 3rd connection object is carried out.
- You may perform a process.
- the laminate In order to perform the heating, the laminate may be disposed on a heating member, or the laminate may be disposed in a heated space.
- the heating temperature in the third step is preferably 140 ° C. or higher, more preferably 160 ° C. or higher, preferably 450 ° C. or lower, more preferably 250 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- a heating method in the third step a method of heating the entire connection structure using a reflow furnace or an oven above the melting point of the solder in the conductive particles and the curing temperature of the thermosetting component, The method of heating only the connection part of a connection structure locally is mentioned.
- instruments used in the method of locally heating include a hot plate, a heat gun that applies hot air, a soldering iron, and an infrared heater.
- the metal directly under the connection is made of a metal with high thermal conductivity, and other places where heating is not preferred are made of a material with low thermal conductivity such as a fluororesin.
- the upper surface of the hot plate is preferably formed.
- the first and second connection target members are not particularly limited. Specifically as said 1st, 2nd connection object member, electronic components, such as a semiconductor chip, a semiconductor package, LED chip, LED package, a capacitor
- the first and second connection target members are preferably electronic components.
- At least one of the first connection target member and the second connection target member is a resin film, a flexible printed board, a flexible flat cable, or a rigid flexible board.
- the second connection target member is preferably a resin film, a flexible printed board, a flexible flat cable, or a rigid flexible board. Resin films, flexible printed boards, flexible flat cables, and rigid flexible boards have the property of being highly flexible and relatively lightweight. When a conductive film is used for connection of such a connection object member, there exists a tendency for a solder not to gather on an electrode.
- the conductive reliability between the electrodes can be efficiently collected by collecting the solder on the electrodes. Can be increased sufficiently.
- the conduction reliability between the electrodes by not applying pressure is improved. The improvement effect can be obtained more effectively.
- the electrode provided on the connection target member examples include metal electrodes such as a gold electrode, a nickel electrode, a tin electrode, an aluminum electrode, a copper electrode, a molybdenum electrode, a silver electrode, a SUS electrode, and a tungsten electrode.
- the electrode is preferably a gold electrode, a nickel electrode, a tin electrode, a silver electrode, or a copper electrode.
- the electrode is preferably an aluminum electrode, a copper electrode, a molybdenum electrode, a silver electrode, or a tungsten electrode.
- the electrode formed only with aluminum may be sufficient and the electrode by which the aluminum layer was laminated
- the material for the metal oxide layer include indium oxide doped with a trivalent metal element and zinc oxide doped with a trivalent metal element.
- the trivalent metal element include Sn, Al, and Ga.
- thermosetting component “DE-N-431” manufactured by Dow Chemical Company, epoxy resin “jER152” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, epoxy resin
- thermosetting component thermosetting agent: “TMTP” manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd., trimethylolpropane tristhiopropionate “HN-5500” manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., 3or4-methyl-hexahydrophthalic anhydride
- Boron trifluoride complex "BF3-MEA” manufactured by Stella Chemifa Corporation, boron trifluoride-monoethylamine complex "BF3-PIP” manufactured by Stella Chemifah Corporation, boron trifluoride-piperidine complex "BF3-TEA”, boron trifluoride-triethylamine complex (" Synthesis of BF3-TEA) Triethylamine and BF3-etherate were reacted in ether and purified by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain boron trifluoride-triethylamine complex.
- Imidazole compounds “2PZ-CN” manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole “2E4MZ” manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole
- Conductive particles Solder particles "Sn42Bi58 (DS-10)" manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd.
- a glass epoxy substrate (FR-4 substrate) (first connection target member) having a copper electrode pattern (copper electrode thickness 12 ⁇ m) on the upper surface with an L / S of 50 ⁇ m / 50 ⁇ m and an electrode length of 3 mm was prepared.
- the flexible printed circuit board (2nd connection object member) which has a copper electrode pattern (thickness of a copper electrode 12 micrometers) of L / S 50 micrometers / 50 micrometers and electrode length 3mm on the lower surface was prepared.
- the overlapping area of the glass epoxy substrate and the flexible printed circuit board was 1.5 cm ⁇ 3 mm, and the number of connected electrodes was 75 pairs.
- the anisotropic conductive paste immediately after production is applied by screen printing using a metal mask so that the thickness is 100 ⁇ m on the electrode of the glass epoxy substrate, and anisotropic conductive A paste layer was formed.
- the flexible printed circuit board was laminated on the upper surface of the anisotropic conductive paste layer so that the electrodes face each other. At this time, no pressure was applied. The weight of the flexible printed board is added to the anisotropic conductive paste layer. Thereafter, while heating the anisotropic conductive paste layer to 190 ° C., the solder is melted, and the anisotropic conductive paste layer is cured at 190 ° C. for 10 seconds. Obtained.
- connection structure under condition B A first connection structure was produced in the same manner as in Condition A except that the following changes were made.
- a flexible printed circuit board (second connection target member) having a L / S of 75 ⁇ m / 75 ⁇ m and an electrode length of 3 mm on the lower surface of a copper electrode pattern (copper electrode thickness 12 ⁇ m) was prepared.
- a second connection structure under conditions A and B was obtained in the same manner as the production of the first connection structure except that the glass epoxy substrate and the flexible printed board having different L / S were used.
- Glass epoxy substrate having a copper electrode pattern (copper electrode thickness 12 ⁇ m) with L / S of 100 ⁇ m / 100 ⁇ m and electrode length of 3 mm on the upper surface (FR-4 substrate) (first connection target member) was prepared.
- the flexible printed circuit board (2nd connection object member) which has a copper electrode pattern (thickness of copper electrode 12 micrometers) of L / S of 100 micrometers / 100 micrometers and electrode length 3mm on the lower surface was prepared.
- 3rd connection structure in conditions A and B was obtained like manufacture of the 1st connection structure except having used the above-mentioned glass epoxy board and flexible printed circuit board from which L / S differs.
- Viscosity increase rate ( ⁇ 2 / ⁇ 1) The viscosity ( ⁇ 1) at 25 ° C. of the anisotropic conductive paste immediately after production was measured. Further, the anisotropic conductive paste immediately after production was allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, and the viscosity ( ⁇ 2) at 25 ° C. of the anisotropic conductive paste after being left was measured. The viscosity was measured under the conditions of 25 ° C. and 5 rpm using an E-type viscometer (“TVE22L” manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.). The viscosity increase rate ( ⁇ 2 / ⁇ 1) was calculated from the measured viscosity value. The viscosity increase rate ( ⁇ 2 / ⁇ 1) was determined according to the following criteria.
- Viscosity increase rate ( ⁇ 2 / ⁇ 1) is 2 or less
- Viscosity increase rate ( ⁇ 2 / ⁇ 1) exceeds 2
- solder placement accuracy on the electrode In the obtained first, second, and third connection structures, the first electrode and the second electrode in the stacking direction of the first electrode, the connection portion, and the second electrode.
- the ratio of the area where the solder part in the connection part is arranged in 100% of the area of the part where the first electrode and the second electrode face each other when the part facing the two electrodes is seen X was evaluated.
- the placement accuracy of the solder on the electrode was determined according to the following criteria.
- Ratio X is 70% or more ⁇ : Ratio X is 60% or more and less than 70% ⁇ : Ratio X is 50% or more and less than 60% X: Ratio X is less than 50%
- ⁇ Average value of connection resistance is 10 7 ⁇ or more ⁇ : Average value of connection resistance is 10 6 ⁇ or more, less than 10 7 ⁇ ⁇ : Average value of connection resistance is 10 5 ⁇ or more, less than 10 6 ⁇ ⁇ : Connection The average resistance is less than 10 5 ⁇
- Misalignment is less than 15 ⁇ m ⁇ : Misalignment is 15 ⁇ m or more and less than 25 ⁇ m ⁇ : Misalignment is 25 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m ⁇ : Misalignment is 40 ⁇ m or more
- connection portion of each connection structure is observed with a microscope to evaluate the discoloration of the conductive material. did.
- the discoloration of the conductive material was determined according to the following criteria.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る導電材料は、導電部の外表面部分にはんだを有する複数の導電性粒子と、硬化性化合物と、三フッ化ホウ素錯体とを含む。はんだは、導電部に含まれ、導電部の一部又は全部である。
上記導電性粒子は、接続対象部材の電極間を電気的に接続する。上記導電性粒子は、導電部の外表面部分にはんだを有する。上記導電性粒子は、はんだにより形成されたはんだ粒子であってもよい。上記はんだ粒子は、はんだを導電部の外表面部分に有する。上記はんだ粒子は、中心部分及び導電部の外表面部分とのいずれもがはんだにより形成されている。上記はんだ粒子は、中心部分及び導電性の外表面のいずれもがはんだである粒子である。上記導電性粒子は、基材粒子と、該基材粒子の表面上に配置された導電部とを有していてもよい。この場合に、上記導電性粒子は、導電部の外表面部分に、はんだを有する。
上記基材粒子としては、樹脂粒子、金属粒子を除く無機粒子、有機無機ハイブリッド粒子及び金属粒子等が挙げられる。上記基材粒子は、金属を除く基材粒子であることが好ましく、樹脂粒子、金属粒子を除く無機粒子又は有機無機ハイブリッド粒子であることが好ましい。上記基材粒子は、銅粒子であってもよい。上記基材粒子は、コアと、該コアの表面上に配置されたシェルとを有していてもよく、コアシェル粒子であってもよい。上記コアが有機コアであってもよく、上記シェルが無機シェルであってもよい。
上記基材粒子の表面上に導電部を形成する方法、並びに上記基材粒子の表面上又は上記第2の導電部の表面上にはんだ部を形成する方法は特に限定されない。上記導電部及び上記はんだ部を形成する方法としては、例えば、無電解めっきによる方法、電気めっきによる方法、物理的な衝突による方法、メカノケミカル反応による方法、物理的蒸着又は物理的吸着による方法、並びに金属粉末もしくは金属粉末とバインダーとを含むペーストを基材粒子の表面にコーティングする方法等が挙げられる。なかでも、無電解めっき、電気めっき又は物理的な衝突による方法が好適である。上記物理的蒸着による方法としては、真空蒸着、イオンプレーティング及びイオンスパッタリング等の方法が挙げられる。また、上記物理的な衝突による方法では、例えば、シーターコンポーザ(徳寿工作所社製)等が用いられる。
ρ:導電性粒子の粒子径の標準偏差
Dn:導電性粒子の粒子径の平均値
上記硬化性化合物としては、熱硬化性化合物及び光硬化性化合物等が挙げられる。上記硬化性化合物は、熱硬化性化合物であることが好ましい。上記熱硬化性化合物は、加熱により硬化可能な化合物である。上記熱硬化性化合物としては、オキセタン化合物、エポキシ化合物、エピスルフィド化合物、(メタ)アクリル化合物、フェノール化合物、アミノ化合物、不飽和ポリエステル化合物、ポリウレタン化合物、シリコーン化合物及びポリイミド化合物等が挙げられる。導電材料の硬化性及び粘度をより一層良好にし、導通信頼性をより一層高める観点から、上記硬化性化合物は、エポキシ化合物又はエピスルフィド化合物が好ましく、エポキシ化合物がより好ましい。上記導電材料は、エポキシ化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記熱硬化性化合物は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
本発明に係る導電材料は、熱硬化剤を含まないことが好ましい。本発明に係る導電材料は、熱硬化性化合物と熱硬化剤とを含んでいてもよい。上記熱硬化剤は、上記熱硬化性化合物を熱硬化させる。上記熱硬化剤としては、イミダゾール硬化剤、アミン硬化剤、フェノール硬化剤、ポリチオール硬化剤等のチオール硬化剤、酸無水物硬化剤、熱カチオン開始剤(熱カチオン硬化剤)及び熱ラジカル発生剤等が挙げられる。上記熱硬化剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。本発明に係る導電材料が上記熱硬化剤を含む場合には、上記熱硬化性化合物100重量部に対して、上記熱硬化剤の含有量は、1重量部未満であることが好ましく、0.1重量部未満であることがより好ましく、0.05重量部未満であることがさらに好ましい。上記熱硬化性化合物100重量部に対して、上記熱硬化剤の含有量は、0重量部(未含有)であることが特に好ましい。上記熱硬化剤の含有量が、上記の好ましい含有量であると、導電材料が一定期間放置された場合でも、電極上に導電性粒子におけるはんだを効率的に配置することができ、さらに、加熱時に導電材料の黄変を十分に抑制することができる。
本発明に係る導電材料は、三フッ化ホウ素錯体を含む。上記三フッ化ホウ素錯体は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記導電材料は、フラックスを含むことが好ましい。フラックスの使用により、導電性粒子におけるはんだを電極上により一層効果的に配置することができる。該フラックスは特に限定されない。フラックスとして、はんだ接合等に一般的に用いられているフラックスを使用できる。
上記導電材料には、フィラーを添加してもよい。フィラーは、有機フィラーであってもよく、無機フィラーであってもよい。フィラーの添加により、基板の全電極上に対して、導電性粒子を均一に凝集させることができる。
上記導電材料は、必要に応じて、例えば、充填剤、増量剤、軟化剤、可塑剤、重合触媒、硬化触媒、着色剤、酸化防止剤、熱安定剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、滑剤、帯電防止剤及び難燃剤等の各種添加剤を含んでいてもよい。
本発明に係る接続構造体は、少なくとも1つの第1の電極を表面に有する第1の接続対象部材と、少なくとも1つの第2の電極を表面に有する第2の接続対象部材と、上記第1の接続対象部材と、上記第2の接続対象部材とを接続している接続部とを備える。本発明に係る接続構造体では、上記接続部の材料が、上述した導電材料である。本発明に係る接続構造体では、上記第1の電極と上記第2の電極とが、上記接続部中のはんだ部により電気的に接続されている。
ダウ・ケミカル社製「D.E.N-431」、エポキシ樹脂
三菱ケミカル社製「jER152」、エポキシ樹脂
淀化学社製「TMTP」、トリメチロールプロパントリスチオプロピオネート
日立化成社製「HN-5500」、3or4-メチル-ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸
ステラケミファ社製「BF3-MEA」、三フッ化ホウ素-モノエチルアミン錯体
ステラケミファ社製「BF3-PIP」、三フッ化ホウ素-ピペリジン錯体
「BF3-TEA」、三フッ化ホウ素-トリエチルアミン錯体
(「BF3-TEA」の合成)
トリエチルアミンとBF3-エーテラートとをエーテル中で反応させ、減圧蒸留で精製することで、三フッ化ホウ素-トリエチルアミン錯体を得た。
四国化成工業社製「2PZ-CN」、1-シアノエチル-2-フェニルイミダゾール
四国化成工業社製「2E4MZ」、2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール
和光純薬工業社製「グルタル酸」と「ベンジルアミン」との1:1モル比での中和反応でできた塩
三井金属鉱業社製のはんだ粒子「Sn42Bi58(DS-10)」
(1)異方性導電ペーストの作製
下記の表1に示す成分を下記の表1に示す配合量で配合して、異方性導電ペーストを得た。
(条件Aでの接続構造体の具体的な作製方法)
作製直後の異方性導電ペーストを用いて、以下のようにして、第1の接続構造体を作製した。
以下の変更をしたこと以外は、条件Aと同様にして、第1の接続構造体を作製した。
ガラスエポキシ基板の上面に、作製直後の異方性導電ペーストを、ガラスエポキシ基板の電極上で厚さ100μmとなるように、メタルマスクを用い、スクリーン印刷にて塗工し、異方性導電ペースト層を形成した後、大気雰囲気下、23℃、50%RHで12時間放置した。放置後、異方性導電ペースト層の上面にフレキシブルプリント基板を、電極同士が対向するように積層した。
L/Sが75μm/75μm、電極長さ3mmの銅電極パターン(銅電極の厚み12μm)を上面に有するガラスエポキシ基板(FR-4基板)(第1の接続対象部材)を用意した。また、L/Sが75μm/75μm、電極長さ3mmの銅電極パターン(銅電極の厚み12μm)を下面に有するフレキシブルプリント基板(第2の接続対象部材)を用意した。
L/Sが100μm/100μm、電極長さ3mmの銅電極パターン(銅電極の厚み12μm)を上面に有するガラスエポキシ基板(FR-4基板)(第1の接続対象部材)を用意した。また、L/Sが100μm/100μm、電極長さ3mmの銅電極パターン(銅電極の厚み12μm)を下面に有するフレキシブルプリント基板(第2の接続対象部材)を用意した。
(1)粘度上昇率(η2/η1)
作製直後の異方性導電ペーストの25℃での粘度(η1)を測定した。また、作製直後の異方性導電ペーストを常温で24時間放置し、放置後の異方性導電ペーストの25℃での粘度(η2)を測定した。上記粘度は、E型粘度計(東機産業社製「TVE22L」)を用いて、25℃及び5rpmの条件で測定した。粘度の測定値から、粘度上昇率(η2/η1)を算出した。粘度上昇率(η2/η1)を下記の基準で判定した。
○:粘度上昇率(η2/η1)が2以下
×:粘度上昇率(η2/η1)が2を超える
得られた第1の接続構造体を断面観察することにより、上下の電極が間に位置しているはんだ部の厚みを評価した。
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体において、第1の電極と接続部と第2の電極との積層方向に第1の電極と第2の電極との対向し合う部分をみたときに、第1の電極と第2の電極との対向し合う部分の面積100%中の、接続部中のはんだ部が配置されている面積の割合Xを評価した。電極上のはんだの配置精度を下記の基準で判定した。
○○:割合Xが70%以上
○:割合Xが60%以上、70%未満
△:割合Xが50%以上、60%未満
×:割合Xが50%未満
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体(n=15個)において、上下の電極間の1接続箇所当たりの接続抵抗をそれぞれ、4端子法により、測定した。接続抵抗の平均値を算出した。なお、電圧=電流×抵抗の関係から、一定の電流を流した時の電圧を測定することにより接続抵抗を求めることができる。導通信頼性を下記の基準で判定した。
○○:接続抵抗の平均値が50mΩ以下
○:接続抵抗の平均値が50mΩを超え、70mΩ以下
△:接続抵抗の平均値が70mΩを超え、100mΩ以下
×:接続抵抗の平均値が100mΩを超える、又は接続不良が生じている
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体(n=15個)において、85℃、湿度85%の雰囲気中に100時間放置後、横方向に隣接する電極間に、5Vを印加し、抵抗値を25箇所で測定した。絶縁信頼性を下記の基準で判定した。
○○:接続抵抗の平均値が107Ω以上
○:接続抵抗の平均値が106Ω以上、107Ω未満
△:接続抵抗の平均値が105Ω以上、106Ω未満
×:接続抵抗の平均値が105Ω未満
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体において、第1の電極と接続部と第2の電極との積層方向に第1の電極と第2の電極との対向し合う部分をみたときに、第1の電極の中心線と第2の電極の中心線とが揃っているか否かを観察し、位置ずれの距離を評価した。上下の電極間の位置ずれを下記の基準で判定した。
○○:位置ずれが15μm未満
○:位置ずれが15μm以上、25μm未満
△:位置ずれが25μm以上、40μm未満
×:位置ずれが40μm以上
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体において、各接続構造体の接続部が変色しているか否かを顕微鏡で観察し、導電材料の変色を評価した。導電材料の変色を下記の基準で判定した。
○:接続部が変色していない
×:接続部が変色している
2…第1の接続対象部材
2a…第1の電極
3…第2の接続対象部材
3a…第2の電極
4,4X…接続部
4A,4XA…はんだ部
4B,4XB…硬化物部
11…導電材料
11A…はんだ粒子(導電性粒子)
11B…熱硬化性成分
21…導電性粒子(はんだ粒子)
31…導電性粒子
32…基材粒子
33…導電部(はんだを有する導電部)
33A…第2の導電部
33B…はんだ部
41…導電性粒子
42…はんだ部
Claims (11)
- 導電部の外表面部分にはんだを有する複数の導電性粒子と、硬化性化合物と、三フッ化ホウ素錯体とを含む、導電材料。
- 前記三フッ化ホウ素錯体が、三フッ化ホウ素-アミン錯体である、請求項1に記載の導電材料。
- 導電材料100重量%中、前記三フッ化ホウ素錯体の含有量が、0.1重量%以上、1.5重量%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の導電材料。
- 25℃での粘度が、50Pa・s以上、500Pa・s以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料。
- 前記導電性粒子の平均粒子径が、0.5μm以上、100μm以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料。
- 導電材料100重量%中、前記導電性粒子の含有量が、30重量%以上、95重量%以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料。
- 導電ペーストである、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料。
- 少なくとも1つの第1の電極を表面に有する第1の接続対象部材と、
少なくとも1つの第2の電極を表面に有する第2の接続対象部材と、
前記第1の接続対象部材と、前記第2の接続対象部材とを接続している接続部とを備え、
前記接続部の材料が、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料であり、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とが、前記接続部中のはんだ部により電気的に接続されている、接続構造体。 - 前記第1の電極と前記接続部と前記第2の電極との積層方向に前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との対向し合う部分をみたときに、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との対向し合う部分の面積100%中の50%以上に、前記接続部中のはんだ部が配置されている、請求項8に記載の接続構造体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料を用いて、少なくとも1つの第1の電極を表面に有する第1の接続対象部材の表面上に、前記導電材料を配置する工程と、
前記導電材料の前記第1の接続対象部材側とは反対の表面上に、少なくとも1つの第2の電極を表面に有する第2の接続対象部材を、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とが対向するように配置する工程と、
前記導電性粒子におけるはんだの融点以上に前記導電材料を加熱することで、前記第1の接続対象部材と前記第2の接続対象部材とを接続している接続部を、前記導電材料により形成し、かつ、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とを、前記接続部中のはんだ部により電気的に接続する工程とを備える、接続構造体の製造方法。 - 前記第1の電極と前記接続部と前記第2の電極との積層方向に前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との対向し合う部分をみたときに、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との対向し合う部分の面積100%中の50%以上に、前記接続部中のはんだ部が配置されている接続構造体を得る、請求項10に記載の接続構造体の製造方法。
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