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WO2017212844A1 - Battery degradation determination device and charger - Google Patents

Battery degradation determination device and charger Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017212844A1
WO2017212844A1 PCT/JP2017/017471 JP2017017471W WO2017212844A1 WO 2017212844 A1 WO2017212844 A1 WO 2017212844A1 JP 2017017471 W JP2017017471 W JP 2017017471W WO 2017212844 A1 WO2017212844 A1 WO 2017212844A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
determination
deterioration
secondary battery
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2017/017471
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
羽田　正二
Original Assignee
Ntn株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2016115854A external-priority patent/JP2017219495A/en
Priority claimed from JP2016164211A external-priority patent/JP2018031678A/en
Application filed by Ntn株式会社 filed Critical Ntn株式会社
Publication of WO2017212844A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017212844A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery deterioration determination device and a charger for determining the degree of deterioration of a secondary battery.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a battery pass / fail discrimination device that discriminates whether or not a secondary battery is abnormal.
  • a pulsating current containing a direct current component and an alternating current component flows between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery
  • the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes an alternating voltage component.
  • the battery quality determination device described in Patent Literature 1 determines whether or not the secondary battery is abnormal based on the magnitude of the AC voltage component.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a light emission control circuit that controls light emission of a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • the light emission control circuit described in Patent Document 2 applies a voltage to both ends of an LED circuit composed of a plurality of LEDs connected in series, and causes the LEDs to emit light in the number corresponding to the voltage.
  • the battery quality determination device described in Patent Document 1 it can be determined whether or not the secondary battery is abnormal. However, even if this battery quality determination device is used, it is impossible to know how much the secondary battery has deteriorated. For example, it is not possible to know a measure of the usable time after the secondary battery is fully charged.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a battery deterioration determination device and a charger that can visually determine the degree of deterioration of a secondary battery.
  • the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is: When an electric current containing an alternating current component flows between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery, the alternating voltage component contained in the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is extracted, and the secondary battery is based on the alternating voltage component
  • a determination voltage generation unit that generates a determination voltage for determining the degree of deterioration of
  • a deterioration display unit that displays a degree of deterioration of the secondary battery based on the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit; It is characterized by providing.
  • the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is The determination voltage generator generates the determination voltage by amplifying and rectifying the AC voltage component,
  • the deterioration display unit causes the plurality of LEDs to emit light according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery based on the plurality of LEDs connected in series and the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit.
  • An LED light emission control unit It is characterized by that.
  • the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is The LED light emission control unit causes more LEDs to emit light as the secondary battery is more deteriorated.
  • the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is Whether or not the secondary battery is abnormal is determined based on the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit and a predetermined threshold voltage, and is normal when the secondary battery is determined to be normal.
  • An abnormality determination unit that generates a display voltage of a predetermined level to be generated and generates a display voltage of a level according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery when the secondary battery is determined to be abnormal
  • the deterioration display unit displays the presence / absence of the secondary battery and the degree of deterioration based on the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit instead of the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit, It is characterized by that.
  • the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is The deterioration display unit includes a plurality of LEDs connected in series, and an LED light emission control unit configured to emit the plurality of LEDs according to the number corresponding to the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit,
  • the abnormality determination unit sets the display voltage to the predetermined level that turns off the plurality of LEDs, and determines the determination voltage. Generating the display voltage at a level that turns on a number of LEDs according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery when the voltage is greater than the predetermined threshold voltage, based on the determination voltage; It is characterized by that.
  • the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is The determination voltage generator generates the determination voltage by amplifying and rectifying the AC voltage component,
  • the abnormality determination unit A threshold voltage setting circuit including a variable resistor, wherein the predetermined threshold voltage is set by setting the variable resistor to a predetermined resistance value;
  • a first PNP transistor having a base and a collector connected to each other, a second PNP transistor having a base connected to the first PNP transistor, and the first PNP transistor and the second PNP transistor.
  • a current mirror circuit in which the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generator is input to both emitters of the transistor;
  • a second diode having an anode connected to the collector of the first PNP transistor; One end is connected to the cathodes of both the first diode and the second diode, and the other end is connected to a power supply line to which a reference potential that is a negative potential of the secondary battery is applied.
  • the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is The determination voltage generator is An amplifying unit for amplifying the AC voltage component or the first intermediate AC voltage obtained by amplifying the AC voltage component to generate a second intermediate AC voltage; An inverting unit that generates an inverted AC voltage obtained by inverting the polarity of the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplifying unit; Based on the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplifying unit and the inverted AC voltage generated by the inverting unit, the second intermediate AC voltage is doubled and rectified to generate the determination voltage.
  • a two-fold amplification unit It is characterized by providing.
  • the charger of the present invention is The battery deterioration determination device described above; A power source for passing the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery; It is characterized by providing.
  • the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery can be visually determined.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of the battery deterioration determination device 100 and the charger 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1st Embodiment is an example in case the rated voltage of the secondary battery 201 is 12V.
  • the charger 1 includes a power source 200 and a battery deterioration determination device 100.
  • the charger 1 charges a secondary battery 201 such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion battery.
  • the power source 200 includes, for example, a bridge type full-wave rectifier circuit.
  • the power source 200 rectifies the single-phase AC voltage and outputs a pulsating voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the voltage of the pulsating current the voltage of the positive electrode is 0 V or more with reference to the potential of the negative electrode.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply 200 are connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, respectively.
  • the potential of the power supply line L2 is referred to as a reference potential.
  • Secondary battery 201 has a positive electrode and a negative electrode connected to power supply line L1 and power supply line L2, respectively.
  • the secondary battery 201 is charged while the instantaneous value of the pulsating voltage output from the power source 200 reaches a voltage at which the secondary battery 201 is charged.
  • the secondary battery 201 is used for a long time and deteriorates as charging and discharging are repeated, and the resistance value between the positive electrode and the negative electrode gradually increases.
  • the power source 200 is not limited to a pulsating current, and may be a pulsed current or a square wave (rectangular wave) current.
  • the pulsating current, the pulse current, and the square wave (rectangular wave) current are examples of currents including an alternating current component in the present invention.
  • the battery deterioration determination device 100 includes a determination voltage generation unit 110 and a deterioration display unit 130.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 110 is connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and operates with a voltage supplied from the power supply 200.
  • the power source 200 causes a pulsating current including a direct current component and an alternating current component to flow through the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2 (between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201), between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201
  • An AC voltage component is included in the voltage generated at.
  • Determination voltage generation unit 110 extracts the AC component.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 110 generates a determination voltage for determining the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 201 based on the AC voltage component.
  • the determination voltage generator 110 outputs a determination voltage from the output terminal OUT.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 110 will be described in detail later.
  • the deterioration display unit 130 displays the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 201 based on the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit 110.
  • the deterioration display unit 130 can be composed of, for example, LEDs 1 to 5 which are light emitting diodes, and an LED light emission control unit 131.
  • the LEDs 1 to 5 are connected in series, for example.
  • the anode of LED2 is connected to the cathode of LED1.
  • the anode of LED 3 is connected to the cathode of LED 2. Thereafter, the LEDs 3 to 5 are connected in the same manner.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the LED 1 to LED 5 may be individually connected to the LED light emission control unit 131, and the LED light emission control unit 131 may individually control the light emission and extinction of the LED 1 to LED 5.
  • the LED light emission control unit 131 is connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and operates with a voltage supplied from the power supply 200.
  • the LED light emission control unit 131 receives the determination voltage output from the determination voltage generation unit 110 at the input terminal IN.
  • the LED light emission control unit 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 5 to emit light according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery based on the determination voltage. At this time, more LEDs emit light as the secondary battery 110 is more deteriorated.
  • the LED light emission control unit 131 will be described in detail later.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 110 and the deterioration display unit 130 can be realized by digital processing except for a part thereof. When these are realized by digital processing, for example, an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), a microprocessor, or the like can be used. Further, the determination voltage generation unit 110 and the deterioration display unit 130 can be realized by an analog circuit. Below, the example which implement
  • the amplitude of the AC component of the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode when the secondary battery 201 is significantly deteriorated is, for example, about 20 mV.
  • the forward voltage drop of red, orange, yellow and green LEDs is about 2V.
  • the LEDs 1 to LED5 are LEDs of these colors and the LEDs 1 to LED5 are connected in series, in order to cause all of the LEDs 1 to LED5 to emit light when the secondary battery 201 is significantly deteriorated, for example, 10V
  • the determination voltage generation unit 110 needs to amplify the AC voltage component included in the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201 by, for example, 500 times or more.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration of the determination voltage generation unit 110.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 110 generates a determination voltage by amplifying and rectifying an AC voltage component included in a voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201.
  • the determination voltage generator 110 outputs a determination voltage from the output terminal OUT.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 110 includes a capacitor C1, a transformer T1, an amplification unit 111, an inversion unit 112, and a double amplification unit 113.
  • One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply line L1, and the other end is connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer T1.
  • the other end of the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • Capacitor C1 extracts an AC voltage component included in a voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of secondary battery 201 (between power supply line L1 and power supply line L2).
  • the transformer T1 amplifies the AC voltage component extracted by the capacitor C1 by about 10 times, for example, and generates a first intermediate AC voltage.
  • the amplifying unit 111 includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C2, an operational amplifier OP1, a variable resistor VR1, a variable resistor VR2, and a capacitor C3.
  • the resistor R1 has one end connected to the power supply line L1 and the other end connected to one end of the resistor R2.
  • the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 divide the voltage between the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and generate an intermediate voltage, preferably about half of the voltage between the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, at their connection portion.
  • One end of the capacitor C2 is connected to a connection portion between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, and the other end is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • the capacitor C2 absorbs ripples and noise from the voltage at the connection portion between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2.
  • one end of the secondary winding is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier OP1, and the other end of the secondary winding is connected to a connection portion between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2.
  • a voltage obtained by adding the first intermediate AC voltage and the intermediate voltage is generated at the other end of the transformer T1.
  • the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 is connected to the power supply line L1, and the negative power supply terminal is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 is connected to one end of the variable resistor VR2.
  • the other end of the variable resistor VR2 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier OP1 and one end of the variable resistor VR1.
  • the other end of the variable resistor VR1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C3.
  • the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • the operational amplifier OP1 operates as a non-inverting amplifier having an amplification degree determined by the resistance values of the variable resistor VR1 and the variable resistor VR2.
  • An addition voltage obtained by adding the first intermediate AC voltage and the intermediate voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1.
  • the operational amplifier OP1 amplifies the first intermediate AC voltage in the positive direction.
  • the operational amplifier OP1 amplifies the first intermediate AC voltage in the negative direction. In this way, the amplifying unit 111 amplifies the first intermediate AC voltage by about 25 times, for example, to generate a second intermediate AC voltage.
  • the operational amplifier OP1 is operated as a non-inverting amplifier.
  • the operational amplifier OP1 may be operated as an inverting amplifier.
  • the inverting unit 112 includes a capacitor C4, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, and an operational amplifier OP2.
  • One end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier OP1, and the other end is connected to one end of the resistor R3.
  • the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier OP2 and one end of the resistor R4.
  • the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier OP2.
  • the resistance values of the resistors R3 and R4 are the same.
  • the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP2 is connected to the power supply line L1, and the negative power supply terminal is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP2 is connected to a connection portion between the other end of the resistor R3 and one end of the resistor R4, and an intermediate voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP2.
  • the operational amplifier OP2 operates as an inverting amplifier having an amplification factor of 1.
  • the operational amplifier OP2 generates an inverted AC voltage in which the positive and negative polarities of the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplifier 111 are inverted.
  • the double amplification unit 113 includes a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, and a capacitor C7.
  • the diode D3 has an anode connected to the power supply line L2 and a cathode connected to the anode of the diode D2.
  • the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the anode of the diode D1.
  • the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the output terminal OUT.
  • One end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier OP1, and the other end is connected to a connection portion between the anode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2.
  • the double amplification unit 113 operates as a double voltage amplifier.
  • the double amplification unit 113 amplifies and rectifies the second intermediate AC voltage by a factor of two based on the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplification unit 111 and the inverted AC voltage generated by the inverter 112.
  • the generated DC voltage is output from the output terminal OUT.
  • the DC voltage output from the output terminal OUT is a determination voltage for determining the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 201.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 110 converts, for example, 10 AC voltage components included in the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201 by the amplification unit 111, the inversion unit 112, and the double amplification unit 113, respectively.
  • a decision voltage is generated by amplifying about 500 times, about 25 times and 2 times, and a total of about 500 times, and outputting it from the output terminal OUT.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the deterioration display unit 130.
  • the deterioration display unit 130 includes an LED light emission control unit 131.
  • the LED light emission control unit 131 is connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and operates with a voltage supplied from the power supply 200.
  • the LED emission controller 131 includes an NPN bipolar transistor Q1, a resistor R5, N-channel enhancement type field effect transistors FET1 to FET5, diodes D4 to D8, resistors R6 to R10, an NPN bipolar transistor Q2, and a resistor R11. NPN bipolar transistor Q3 and resistor R12.
  • the determination voltage output from the output terminal OUT of the determination voltage generator 110 is input to the input terminal IN.
  • the transistor Q1 has a base B connected to the input terminal IN, a collector C connected to the power supply line L1, and an emitter E connected to the anode of the LED1.
  • the resistor R5 has one end connected to the power supply line L1 and the other end connected to the anodes of the diodes D4 to D8 and the collector C of the transistor Q2.
  • the current path (the path between the drain D and the source S) of the FET 1 is connected in parallel with the LED 1. That is, the drain D and the source S of the FET 1 are connected to the anode and the cathode of the LED 1, respectively.
  • the gate G of the FET 1 is connected to one end of the resistor R6 and the cathode of the diode D4.
  • the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the source S of the FET1.
  • LED1 is turned on when the current path of FET1 is non-conductive, and LED1 is turned off when the current path of FET1 is conductive.
  • connection of LED2, FET2, diode D5, and resistor R7 is the same as that of LED1, FET1, diode D4, and resistor R6. Also, the connection between LED3, FET3, diode D6, and resistor R8, the connection between LED4, FET4, diode D7, and resistor R9, and the connection between LED5, FET5, diode D8, and resistor R10 are the same as LED1, FET1, and diode D4. The same as the resistor R6.
  • the transistor Q2 has a base B connected to the cathode of the LED 5, a collector C connected to the other end of the resistor R5, and an emitter E connected to one end of the resistor R11. The other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • the transistor Q3 has a base B connected to the cathode of the LED 5, the base B of the transistor Q2, and its collector C.
  • the collector C is connected to the cathode of the LED 5, its own base B, and the base B of the transistor Q2. Is connected to one end of the resistor R12.
  • the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to the power supply line L2. Note that the resistance value of the resistor R11 is about ten times the resistance value of the resistor R12.
  • the light emission control of the LEDs 1 to 5 in the LED light emission control unit 131 will be described in detail.
  • the voltage applied to the series connection circuit of the LEDs 1 to LED5 is the highest (hereinafter, this voltage is referred to as the highest voltage).
  • the base B of the transistor Q2 is forward-biased by the potential generated at the collector C of the transistor Q3 by the path between the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q1 and the current flowing through the LEDs 1 to LED5, and between the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q2 becomes conductive.
  • the potential of the collector C of the transistor Q2 is the same as the reference potential (the potential of the power supply line L2).
  • the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q2 do not have to be in a completely conductive state (semi-conductive or the like).
  • the potential of the gate G of the FET1 to FET5 may be any potential that does not cause the current paths to conduct.
  • the potential of the collector C of the transistor Q2 is slightly higher than the reference potential.
  • “the same potential as the reference potential” and “a potential slightly higher than the reference potential” are collectively referred to as “equivalent potential”.
  • the anodes of the diodes D4 to D8 are also at the same potential as the reference potential, no forward bias potential is applied to the gates G of the FET1 to FET5, the current paths of the FET1 to FET5 become non-conductive, and the LEDs 1 to LED5 All emit light.
  • the potential of the collector C of the transistor Q2 rises, forward biases the gate G of the FET 5, the current path of the FET 5 becomes conductive, a current flows between the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q3, and the collector C of the transistor Q3 Although the potential recovers a little, the base B of the transistor Q2 is not forward biased, and the collector potential of the transistor Q2 rises.
  • the gate G of only the FET 5 is forward-biased, and the FET 5 becomes conductive, and a voltage lower than the forward voltage drop is applied to both ends of the LED 5 to become non-conductive and stop light emission.
  • the potentials of the gates G of the FET1 to FET5 rise as the same potential with reference to the reference potential, but the current paths of the FET1 to FET4 are not conducted, and the LEDs 1 to LED4 continue to emit light.
  • the reason why only the FET 5 is conductive is that the potential of the source S of the FET 5 is the potential of the collector C of the transistor Q3 and is low.
  • the potential of the source S of the FET 4 is the potential of the drain D of the FET 5 and is slightly higher than the potential of the source S of the FET 5. For this reason, the potential of the gate G with respect to the source S of the FET 4 is lower than that of the FET 5, and the FET 4 does not conduct even if the FET 5 conducts. Accordingly, the LED 4 emits light.
  • FET4 Since FET4 is not conducting, the potential of the source S of FET3, FET2, and FET1 is the cathode potential of LED3, LED2, and LED1, respectively, the potential of the source S is high, and the potentials of the gates G of FET3, FET2, and FET1 are also in order. Not biased.
  • the current paths of FET3, FET2, and FET1 are also non-conductive, and LED3, LED2, and LED1 emit light.
  • FET5 does not become a complete conduction state but retains a certain resistance value. This is because a negative feedback circuit is formed by the collector C of the transistor Q2, the gate G of the FET 5, the source S of the FET 5, and the base B of the transistor Q2, and the potential of the collector C (base B) of the transistor Q3 is kept constant. This is because the conduction resistance value between the drain D and the source S of the FET 5 is balanced at a certain value.
  • the FET 5 forms a source follower circuit with the transistor Q3 and the resistor R12 as loads.
  • This negative feedback circuit has an effect of making the potential of the collector C (base B) of the transistor Q3 constant.
  • the resistance value between the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q2 is also balanced at a constant value. Everything is balanced with this negative feedback circuit.
  • the voltage across the resistor R12 is constant. Therefore, the transistor Q3 may not be provided and one end of the resistor R12 may be directly connected to the source S of the FET 5.
  • the FET 5 When the FET 5 is not fully conductive, the FET 5 replaces the current path of the LED 5, the current flows as usual, the LED 5 stops emitting light, and the other light emitting diodes (LED4 to LED1) maintain the light emission.
  • the voltage drop in the current path of the FET 5 due to the conduction of the FET 5 is smaller than the forward voltage drop of the light emitting diode. In this state, the LED 5 does not emit light.
  • the potential of the source S of the FET 4 is increased by the voltage drop between the drain D and the source S of the FET 5. For this reason, the potential between the gate G and the source S of the FET 4 is lower than the conduction potential, and the FET 4 does not conduct. If FET4 does not conduct, FET3, FET2, and FET1 do not conduct.
  • LED3, LED2, and LED1 stop emitting light in order. That is, when the voltage applied to the series connection circuit of LED1 to LED5 is decreased by the forward voltage drop of the light emitting diode, the light emission is stopped in the order of LED5 ⁇ LED4 ⁇ LED3 ⁇ LED2 ⁇ LED1 and the forward voltage drop of the light emitting diode is decreased. If it rises, it will light-emit in order of LED1->LED2->LED3->LED4-> LED5.
  • the second embodiment is an example when the rated voltage of the secondary battery 201 is 380V.
  • a voltage of 12 V is supplied to the power supply line L3 from a constant voltage circuit (not shown).
  • the determination voltage generation unit 210 and the deterioration display unit 230 are connected to the power supply line L3 and the power supply line L2, and operate with a voltage supplied from a constant voltage circuit (not shown).
  • the difference between the determination voltage generation unit 210 and the determination voltage generation unit 110 according to the first embodiment is as follows.
  • the power supply 201 supplies a pulsating current including a direct current component and an alternating current component to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2 (between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201)
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the secondary battery 201 The AC voltage component generated between them reaches, for example, about 600 mV.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 210 does not have the transformer T1.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 210 includes a resistor R13 and a resistor R14.
  • the resistor R13 has one end connected to the power supply line L3 and the other end connected to one end of the resistor R14.
  • the other end of the resistor R14 is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • the resistor R13 and the resistor R14 divide the voltage 12V between the power supply line L3 and the power supply line L2 to generate a first intermediate voltage, preferably about 6V, at their connection portion.
  • One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply line L1, and the other end is connected to a connection portion between the resistor R13 and the resistor R14. Therefore, the voltage at the connection portion between the resistor R13 and the resistor R14 is a voltage obtained by adding an AC voltage component to the first intermediate voltage, and the added voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1.
  • the positive power supply terminals of the operational amplifier OP1 and the operational amplifier OP2 of the amplifier 111 are connected to the power supply line L3, and the negative power supply terminals are connected to the power supply line L2.
  • One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply line L3, and a second intermediate voltage of preferably about 6V is generated at a connection portion between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2.
  • the second intermediate voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP2.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 210 has the same configuration as the determination voltage generation unit 110.
  • the deterioration display unit 230 includes an LED light emission control unit 231 and light emitting diodes LED1 to LED5.
  • the LED light emission control unit 231 is different from the LED light emission control unit 131 according to the first embodiment in that the collector C of the transistor Q1 and one end of the resistor R5 are connected to the power supply line L3. Except for this point, the LED light emission control unit 231 has the same configuration as the LED light emission control unit 131.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of the configuration of the battery deterioration determination device 101 and the charger 2 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3rd Embodiment is an example in case the rated voltage of the secondary battery 201 is 12V.
  • the charger 2 includes a power source 200 and a battery deterioration diagnosis device 101.
  • the charger 2 charges a secondary battery 201 such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion battery.
  • the battery deterioration diagnosis apparatus 101 includes a determination voltage generation unit 110, an abnormality determination unit 120, and a deterioration display unit 130.
  • the battery deterioration diagnosis apparatus 101 is different from the battery deterioration diagnosis apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment in that it includes an abnormality determination unit 120.
  • the configurations of the determination voltage generation unit 110 and the deterioration display unit 130 are the same in the battery deterioration determination device 101 and the battery deterioration diagnosis device 100.
  • the determination voltage generation unit 110 outputs a determination voltage from the output terminal OUT.
  • a determination voltage is input to the input terminal IN.
  • Abnormality determination unit 120 determines whether or not secondary battery 201 is abnormal based on the determination voltage and a predetermined threshold voltage. Then, the abnormality determination unit 120 generates a display voltage of a predetermined level indicating that the secondary battery 201 is normal when it is determined as normal. Moreover, the abnormality determination part 120 produces
  • the abnormality determination unit 120 outputs a display voltage from the output terminal OUT.
  • the deterioration display unit 130 displays the presence / absence of the abnormality and the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 201 based on the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit 120, not the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit 110.
  • the deterioration display unit 130 includes light emitting diodes LED1 to LED5.
  • Abnormality determination unit 120 determines that secondary battery 201 is normal when the determination voltage generated by determination voltage generation unit 110 is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold voltage. Then, the abnormality determination unit 120 sets the display voltage to a predetermined level (for example, a reference potential). On the other hand, when the determination voltage is larger than the predetermined threshold voltage, abnormality determination unit 120 determines that secondary battery 201 is abnormal. And the abnormality discrimination
  • the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit 120 is input to the input terminal IN.
  • the LED light emission control unit 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 5 to emit light by the number corresponding to the display voltage. Specifically, the LED light emission control unit 131 turns off all of the LEDs 1 to 5 when the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit 120 is at a predetermined level (for example, a reference potential). Thereby, the person who looks at the battery deterioration diagnostic apparatus 100 can know that the secondary battery 201 is normal. In other cases, that is, when the determination voltage is greater than the predetermined threshold voltage, the LED light emission control unit 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 5 to emit light in the number corresponding to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery. At this time, more LEDs emit light as the secondary battery 201 is more deteriorated. Thereby, the person who looks at the battery deterioration diagnosis apparatus 100 can know that the secondary battery 201 is abnormal and the degree of the deterioration.
  • a predetermined level for example, a reference
  • the LED light emission control unit 131 turns off all the LEDs when the determination voltage is equal to or lower than the threshold voltage.
  • the LED light emission controller 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 3 to emit light.
  • the LED light emission control unit 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 4 to emit light.
  • the LED light emission control unit 131 causes all the LEDs 1 to 5 to emit light.
  • the abnormality determination unit 120 can be realized by digital processing using an FPGA, DSP, microprocessor, or the like. Further, the abnormality determination unit 120 can be realized by an analog circuit. Hereinafter, an example in which the abnormality determination unit 120 is realized by an analog circuit will be described in detail.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of the configuration of the abnormality determination unit 120.
  • the abnormality determination unit 120 is connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and operates with a voltage supplied from the power supply 200.
  • the abnormality determination unit 120 receives the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit 110 at the input terminal IN, and outputs a display voltage from the output terminal OUT.
  • the abnormality determination unit 120 includes a variable resistor VR21, a variable resistor VR22, an NPN transistor Q21, a diode D21, a current mirror circuit including a PNP transistor Q22 and a PNP transistor Q23, a diode D22, a resistor R21, and a resistor R22. And have.
  • the variable resistor VR21 has one end connected to the power supply line L1 and the other end connected to one end of the variable resistor VR22. The other end of the variable resistor VR22 is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • the variable resistor VR21 and the variable resistor VR22 divide the voltage between the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and generate a predetermined threshold voltage at the connection portion thereof.
  • a predetermined threshold voltage can be set by setting variable resistance VR21 and / or variable resistance VR22 to a predetermined resistance value.
  • the circuit constituted by the variable resistor VR21 and the variable resistor VR22 is an example of the threshold voltage setting circuit of the present invention.
  • the NPN transistor Q21 has a base B connected to a connection portion between the variable resistor VR21 and the variable resistor VR22, a collector C connected to the power supply line L1, and an emitter E connected to the anode of the diode D21.
  • the NPN transistor Q21 is an emitter follower.
  • the PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23 constitute a current mirror circuit.
  • the base B and the collector C are connected to the PNP transistor Q22.
  • the bases B of the PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23 are connected to each other. Both emitters E of the PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23 are connected to the input terminal IN, and the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generator 110 is input to both the emitters E.
  • the anode of the diode D22 is connected to the collector C of the PNP transistor Q22.
  • the cathode of the diode D21 and the cathode of the diode D22 are connected.
  • the resistor R21 has one end connected to the cathodes of both the diode D21 and the diode D22, and the other end connected to the power supply line L2 to which the reference potential is applied.
  • One end of a resistor R22 is connected to the collector C of the PNP transistor Q23.
  • the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to the power supply line L2.
  • a connection portion between the collector C of the PNP transistor Q23 and one end of the resistor R22 is connected to the output terminal OUT.
  • a threshold voltage is input to the base B, and a voltage lower than the threshold voltage by the base-emitter voltage is generated in the emitter E.
  • the diode D21 reduces the voltage of its emitter E by the forward voltage drop.
  • a voltage lower than the threshold voltage by the sum of the base-emitter voltage and the forward voltage drop is referred to as a threshold voltage level voltage.
  • a voltage lower than the determination voltage by the emitter-collector voltage is generated at the collector C of the PNP transistor Q22.
  • Diode D22 reduces the voltage at its collector C by a forward voltage drop.
  • a voltage lower than the determination voltage by the sum of the emitter-collector voltage and the forward voltage drop is referred to as a determination voltage level voltage.
  • a connection portion between the cathode of the diode D21, the cathode of the diode D22, and one end of the resistor R21 (hereinafter, referred to as one end of the resistor R21) is a higher one of the threshold voltage level and the determination voltage level voltage.
  • one end of the resistor R21 becomes a voltage at the threshold voltage level.
  • the diode D21 is in a forward bias state, and the diode D22 is in a reverse bias state.
  • the base current does not flow through the PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23. Accordingly, since no current flows between the emitter and collector of the PNP transistor Q23, a display at the same level as the reference potential is displayed at the connection portion of the collector C of the PNP transistor Q23 and one end of the resistor R22 (hereinafter referred to as one end of the resistor R22). A voltage is generated.
  • one end of the resistor R21 becomes a voltage at the determination voltage level.
  • the diode D21 is in a reverse bias state, and the diode D22 is in a forward bias state.
  • a current flows between the emitter and collector of the PNP transistor Q22.
  • a base current flows through the PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23. Accordingly, since a current also flows between the emitter and collector of the PNP transistor Q23, a display voltage lower than the determination voltage by the emitter-collector voltage is generated at one end of the resistor R22.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of the configuration of the abnormality determination unit 220 included in the battery deterioration determination device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fourth embodiment is an example when the rated voltage of the secondary battery 201 is 380V.
  • the battery deterioration determination device according to the fourth embodiment includes a determination voltage generation unit 210 and a deterioration display unit 230 of the battery deterioration determination device according to the second embodiment, in addition to the abnormality determination unit 220.
  • a voltage of 12 V is supplied to the power supply line L3 from a constant voltage circuit (not shown).
  • the determination voltage generation unit 210, the abnormality determination unit 220, and the LED light emission control unit 231 are connected to the power supply line L3 and the power supply line L2, and operate with a voltage supplied from a constant voltage circuit (not shown).
  • the abnormality determination unit 220 is different from the abnormality determination unit 120 according to the first embodiment in that the collector C of the NPN transistor Q21 and one end of the variable resistor VR21 are connected to the power supply line L3. . Except for this point, the abnormality determination unit 220 has the same configuration as the abnormality determination unit 120.
  • LED1 to LED5 an example of five light emitting diodes (LED1 to LED5) has been described.
  • the present invention may be applied even when two to four light emitting diodes or five or more light emitting diodes are connected in series. Can be applied.
  • the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery can be visually determined. That is, by using the charger according to the present invention, it is possible to visually determine the degree of deterioration during charging of the secondary battery. Further, according to the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, it is possible to determine the presence or absence of abnormality of the secondary battery and to visually determine the degree of deterioration in the case of abnormality. That is, by using the charger according to the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, it is possible to determine whether or not there is an abnormality during charging of the secondary battery, and if it is abnormal, visually check the degree of deterioration. Can be determined.

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Abstract

A storage battery degradation determination device 100 allows the degree of degradation of a secondary battery 201 to be determined visually. A power source 200 sends a current between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the secondary battery 201, said current including an alternating current component. When the current including the alternating current component flows between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201, a voltage that is produced between the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes an alternating voltage component. A determination voltage generation unit 110 extracts this alternating voltage component, amplifies and rectifies the same, and generates a determination voltage. On the basis of the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit 110, an LED light emission control unit 131 causes a number of LEDs LED1-LED5 to emit light, said number corresponding to the degree of degradation of the secondary battery.

Description

電池劣化判定装置および充電器Battery deterioration determination device and charger
　本発明は、二次電池の劣化の程度を判定する電池劣化判定装置および充電器に関する。 The present invention relates to a battery deterioration determination device and a charger for determining the degree of deterioration of a secondary battery.
　特許文献１は、二次電池が異常であるか否かを判別する電池良否判別装置を開示する。二次電池の正極と負極の間に直流電流成分と交流電流成分とを含む脈流電流が流れるとき、正極と負極の間に生じる電圧には交流電圧成分が含まれる。特許文献１に記載の電池良否判別装置は、その交流電圧成分の大きさに基づいて、二次電池が異常であるか否かを判別する。 Patent Document 1 discloses a battery pass / fail discrimination device that discriminates whether or not a secondary battery is abnormal. When a pulsating current containing a direct current component and an alternating current component flows between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery, the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes an alternating voltage component. The battery quality determination device described in Patent Literature 1 determines whether or not the secondary battery is abnormal based on the magnitude of the AC voltage component.
　また、特許文献２は、複数の発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ：Ｌｉｇｈｔ　Ｅｍｉｔｔｉｎｇ　Ｄｉｏｄｅ）の発光を制御する発光制御回路を開示する。特許文献２に記載の発光制御回路は、直列に接続された複数のＬＥＤからなるＬＥＤ回路の両端に電圧を印加し、その電圧に応じた個数だけＬＥＤを発光させる。 Patent Document 2 discloses a light emission control circuit that controls light emission of a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs). The light emission control circuit described in Patent Document 2 applies a voltage to both ends of an LED circuit composed of a plurality of LEDs connected in series, and causes the LEDs to emit light in the number corresponding to the voltage.
特開２００１－１２６７７４号公報JP 2001-126774 A 特開２０１３－１７９２７９号公報JP 2013-179279 A
　特許文献１に記載の電池良否判別装置を用いれば、二次電池が異常であるか否かを判別することができる。しかし、この電池良否判別装置を用いても、その二次電池がどの程度劣化しているかを知ることはできない。例えば、その二次電池を満充電にした後に使用可能な時間の目安を知ることはできない。 If the battery quality determination device described in Patent Document 1 is used, it can be determined whether or not the secondary battery is abnormal. However, even if this battery quality determination device is used, it is impossible to know how much the secondary battery has deteriorated. For example, it is not possible to know a measure of the usable time after the secondary battery is fully charged.
　本発明の目的は、二次電池の劣化の程度を目視で判定することができる電池劣化判定装置および充電器を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a battery deterioration determination device and a charger that can visually determine the degree of deterioration of a secondary battery.
　上記目的を達成するために、本発明の蓄電池劣化判定装置は、
　二次電池の正極と負極の間に交流電流成分を含む電流が流れるとき、当該正極と負極の間に生じる電圧に含まれる交流電圧成分を抽出し、当該交流電圧成分に基づいて前記二次電池の劣化の程度を判定するための判定電圧を生成する判定電圧生成部と、
　前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧に基づいて前記二次電池の劣化の程度を表示する劣化表示部と、
　を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is:
When an electric current containing an alternating current component flows between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery, the alternating voltage component contained in the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is extracted, and the secondary battery is based on the alternating voltage component A determination voltage generation unit that generates a determination voltage for determining the degree of deterioration of
A deterioration display unit that displays a degree of deterioration of the secondary battery based on the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit;
It is characterized by providing.
　好ましくは、本発明の蓄電池劣化判定装置は、
　前記判定電圧生成部が、前記交流電圧成分を増幅して整流することにより、前記判定電圧を生成し、
　前記劣化表示部が、直列に接続された複数のＬＥＤと、前記判定電圧生成部で生成される判定電圧に基づいて前記複数のＬＥＤを前記二次電池の劣化の程度に応じた個数だけ発光させるＬＥＤ発光制御部とを有する、
　ことを特徴とする。 Preferably, the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is
The determination voltage generator generates the determination voltage by amplifying and rectifying the AC voltage component,
The deterioration display unit causes the plurality of LEDs to emit light according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery based on the plurality of LEDs connected in series and the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit. An LED light emission control unit,
It is characterized by that.
　好ましくは、本発明の蓄電池劣化判定装置は、
　前記ＬＥＤ発光制御部が、前記二次電池の劣化が激しいほど多くのＬＥＤを発光させることを特徴とする。 Preferably, the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is
The LED light emission control unit causes more LEDs to emit light as the secondary battery is more deteriorated.
　好ましくは、本発明の蓄電池劣化判定装置は、
　前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧と所定のしきい電圧とに基づいて前記二次電池の異常の有無を判別し、前記二次電池が正常と判別された場合に正常であることを示す所定のレベルの表示電圧を生成し、前記二次電池が異常と判別された場合に前記二次電池の劣化の程度に応じたレベルの表示電圧を前記判定電圧に基づいて生成する異常判別部を備え、
　前記劣化表示部が、前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧ではなく、前記異常判別部で生成された表示電圧に基づいて前記二次電池の異常の有無および劣化の程度を表示する、
　ことを特徴とする。 Preferably, the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is
Whether or not the secondary battery is abnormal is determined based on the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit and a predetermined threshold voltage, and is normal when the secondary battery is determined to be normal. An abnormality determination unit that generates a display voltage of a predetermined level to be generated and generates a display voltage of a level according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery when the secondary battery is determined to be abnormal With
The deterioration display unit displays the presence / absence of the secondary battery and the degree of deterioration based on the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit instead of the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit,
It is characterized by that.
　好ましくは、本発明の蓄電池劣化判定装置は、
　前記劣化表示部が、直列に接続された複数のＬＥＤと、前記異常判別部で生成された表示電圧に応じた個数だけ当該複数のＬＥＤを発光させるＬＥＤ発光制御部とを有し、
　前記異常判別部が、前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧が前記所定のしきい電圧以下である場合に前記表示電圧を前記複数のＬＥＤを全て消灯させる前記所定のレベルとし、前記判定電圧が前記所定のしきい電圧より大きい場合に前記二次電池の劣化の程度に応じた個数のＬＥＤを点灯させるレベルの前記表示電圧を前記判定電圧に基づいて生成する、
　ことを特徴とする。 Preferably, the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is
The deterioration display unit includes a plurality of LEDs connected in series, and an LED light emission control unit configured to emit the plurality of LEDs according to the number corresponding to the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit,
When the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit is equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold voltage, the abnormality determination unit sets the display voltage to the predetermined level that turns off the plurality of LEDs, and determines the determination voltage. Generating the display voltage at a level that turns on a number of LEDs according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery when the voltage is greater than the predetermined threshold voltage, based on the determination voltage;
It is characterized by that.
　好ましくは、本発明の蓄電池劣化判定装置は、
　前記判定電圧生成部が、前記交流電圧成分を増幅して整流することにより、前記判定電圧を生成し、
　前記異常判別部が、
　可変抵抗を含み、当該可変抵抗が所定の抵抗値に設定されることにより前記所定のしきい電圧が設定されるしきい電圧設定回路と、
　前記しきい電圧設定回路で設定されたしきい電圧がベースに入力されるエミッタフォロアのＮＰＮトランジスタと、
　アノードが前記ＮＰＮトランジスタのエミッタに接続された第１のダイオードと、
　ベースとコレクタが接続された第１のＰＮＰトランジスタと当該第１のＰＮＰトランジスタとベース同士が接続された第２のＰＮＰトランジスタとで構成されており、前記第１のＰＮＰトランジスタと前記第２のＰＮＰトランジスタの両方のエミッタに前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧が入力されるカレントミラー回路と、
　アノードが前記第１のＰＮＰトランジスタのコレクタに接続された第２のダイオードと、
　前記第１のダイオードと前記第２のダイオードの両方のカソードに一端が接続されており、前記二次電池の負極の電位である基準電位が印加される電源ラインに他端が接続された第１の抵抗と、
　前記第２のＰＮＰトランジスタのコレクタに一端が接続されており、前記電源ラインに他端が接続されており、当該一端に前記表示電圧を生じる第２の抵抗と、
　を備える、
　ことを特徴とする。 Preferably, the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is
The determination voltage generator generates the determination voltage by amplifying and rectifying the AC voltage component,
The abnormality determination unit
A threshold voltage setting circuit including a variable resistor, wherein the predetermined threshold voltage is set by setting the variable resistor to a predetermined resistance value;
An emitter follower NPN transistor to which the threshold voltage set by the threshold voltage setting circuit is input to the base;
A first diode having an anode connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor;
A first PNP transistor having a base and a collector connected to each other, a second PNP transistor having a base connected to the first PNP transistor, and the first PNP transistor and the second PNP transistor. A current mirror circuit in which the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generator is input to both emitters of the transistor;
A second diode having an anode connected to the collector of the first PNP transistor;
One end is connected to the cathodes of both the first diode and the second diode, and the other end is connected to a power supply line to which a reference potential that is a negative potential of the secondary battery is applied. Resistance of
One end connected to the collector of the second PNP transistor, the other end connected to the power supply line, and a second resistor for generating the display voltage at the one end;
Comprising
It is characterized by that.
　好ましくは、本発明の蓄電池劣化判定装置は、
　前記判定電圧生成部が、
　前記交流電圧成分または前記交流電圧成分が増幅された第１の中間交流電圧を増幅して第２の中間交流電圧を生成する増幅部と、
　前記増幅部で生成される第２の中間交流電圧の正負の極性が反転した反転交流電圧を生成する反転部と、
　前記増幅部で生成される第２の中間交流電圧と前記反転部で生成される反転交流電圧とに基づいて前記第２の中間交流電圧を２倍に増幅して整流し、前記判定電圧を生成する２倍増幅部と、
　を備えることを特徴とする。 Preferably, the storage battery deterioration determination device of the present invention is
The determination voltage generator is
An amplifying unit for amplifying the AC voltage component or the first intermediate AC voltage obtained by amplifying the AC voltage component to generate a second intermediate AC voltage;
An inverting unit that generates an inverted AC voltage obtained by inverting the polarity of the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplifying unit;
Based on the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplifying unit and the inverted AC voltage generated by the inverting unit, the second intermediate AC voltage is doubled and rectified to generate the determination voltage. A two-fold amplification unit,
It is characterized by providing.
　また、本発明の充電器は、
　上述した電池劣化判定装置と、
　二次電池の正極と負極の間に前記電流を流す電源と、
　を備えることを特徴とする。 The charger of the present invention is
The battery deterioration determination device described above;
A power source for passing the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery;
It is characterized by providing.
　本発明によれば、二次電池の劣化の程度を目視で判定することができる。 According to the present invention, the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery can be visually determined.
本発明の第１の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置および充電器の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the battery deterioration determination apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention, and a charger. 図１の電池劣化判定装置に含まれる判定電圧生成部の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the determination voltage production | generation part contained in the battery deterioration determination apparatus of FIG. 図１の電池劣化判定装置に含まれる劣化表示部の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the deterioration display part contained in the battery deterioration determination apparatus of FIG. 本発明の第２の実施形態に係るに係る電池劣化判定装置に含まれる判定電圧生成部の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the determination voltage production | generation part contained in the battery deterioration determination apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置に含まれる劣化表示部の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the deterioration display part contained in the battery deterioration determination apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置および充電器の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the battery deterioration determination apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention, and a charger. 図６の電池劣化判定装置に含まれる異常判別部の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the abnormality determination part contained in the battery deterioration determination apparatus of FIG. 本発明の第４の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置に含まれる異常判別部の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the abnormality determination part contained in the battery deterioration determination apparatus which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention.
　以下、本発明の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置および充電器について図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。なお、実施形態を説明する全図において、共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、繰り返しの説明を省略する。 Hereinafter, a battery deterioration determination device and a charger according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings for explaining the embodiments, common constituent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated explanation is omitted.
　図１は、本発明の第１の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置１００および充電器１の構成の一例を示す。第１の実施形態は、二次電池２０１の定格電圧が１２Ｖである場合の例である。
　充電器１は、電源２００と電池劣化判定装置１００とを有する。充電器１は、鉛蓄電池やリチウムイオン電池等の二次電池２０１を充電する。 FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of the battery deterioration determination device 100 and the charger 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 1st Embodiment is an example in case the rated voltage of the secondary battery 201 is 12V.
The charger 1 includes a power source 200 and a battery deterioration determination device 100. The charger 1 charges a secondary battery 201 such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion battery.
　電源２００は、例えばブッリジ型全波整流回路を含む。電源２００は、単相交流電圧を整流し、正極と負極の間に脈流の電圧を出力する。脈流の電圧は、負極の電位を基準として、正極の電圧が０Ｖ以上である。電源２００の正極と負極は、それぞれ電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２に接続される。以下、電源ラインＬ２の電位を基準電位という。 The power source 200 includes, for example, a bridge type full-wave rectifier circuit. The power source 200 rectifies the single-phase AC voltage and outputs a pulsating voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. As for the voltage of the pulsating current, the voltage of the positive electrode is 0 V or more with reference to the potential of the negative electrode. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply 200 are connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, respectively. Hereinafter, the potential of the power supply line L2 is referred to as a reference potential.
　二次電池２０１は、その正極と負極がそれぞれ電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２に接続される。電源２００の出力する脈流の電圧の瞬時値が、二次電池２０１が充電される程度の電圧に達している間に、二次電池２０１は充電される。
　二次電池２０１は、長時間使用され、充放電を繰り返すに連れて劣化し、正極と負極の間の抵抗値が徐々に増加する。このため、劣化した二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間に直流電流成分と交流電流成分とを含む脈流電流が流れるとき、その二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間に生じる電圧の交流成分の振幅は、二次電池２０１が正常である場合に比べて増大する。二次電池２０１が劣化するに連れてその正極と負極の間に発生する電圧の交流成分の振幅は、徐々に増加し、例えば２０ｍＶ程度に達する。
　なお、電源２００は、脈流電流に限らず、パルス電流や方形波（矩形波）電流を流すものであってもよい。脈流電流、パルス電流、および方形波（矩形波）電流は、本発明における交流電流成分を含む電流の例である。 Secondary battery 201 has a positive electrode and a negative electrode connected to power supply line L1 and power supply line L2, respectively. The secondary battery 201 is charged while the instantaneous value of the pulsating voltage output from the power source 200 reaches a voltage at which the secondary battery 201 is charged.
The secondary battery 201 is used for a long time and deteriorates as charging and discharging are repeated, and the resistance value between the positive electrode and the negative electrode gradually increases. For this reason, when a pulsating current containing a direct current component and an alternating current component flows between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the deteriorated secondary battery 201, the alternating current component of the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201 Is increased as compared with the case where the secondary battery 201 is normal. As the secondary battery 201 deteriorates, the amplitude of the AC component of the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode gradually increases and reaches, for example, about 20 mV.
The power source 200 is not limited to a pulsating current, and may be a pulsed current or a square wave (rectangular wave) current. The pulsating current, the pulse current, and the square wave (rectangular wave) current are examples of currents including an alternating current component in the present invention.
　電池劣化判定装置１００は、判定電圧生成部１１０と、劣化表示部１３０とを有する。
　判定電圧生成部１１０は電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２に接続され、電源２００から供給される電圧で動作する。電源２００が電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２（二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間）に直流電流成分と交流電流成分とを含む脈流電流を流すとき、二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間に生じる電圧には交流電圧成分が含まれる。判定電圧生成部１１０はその交流成分を抽出する。そして、判定電圧生成部１１０は、その交流電圧成分に基づいて二次電池２０１の劣化の程度を判定するための判定電圧を生成する。判定電圧生成部１１０は、出力端子ＯＵＴから判定電圧を出力する。判定電圧生成部１１０については後で詳細に説明する。 The battery deterioration determination device 100 includes a determination voltage generation unit 110 and a deterioration display unit 130.
The determination voltage generation unit 110 is connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and operates with a voltage supplied from the power supply 200. When the power source 200 causes a pulsating current including a direct current component and an alternating current component to flow through the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2 (between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201), between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201 An AC voltage component is included in the voltage generated at. Determination voltage generation unit 110 extracts the AC component. Then, the determination voltage generation unit 110 generates a determination voltage for determining the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 201 based on the AC voltage component. The determination voltage generator 110 outputs a determination voltage from the output terminal OUT. The determination voltage generation unit 110 will be described in detail later.
　劣化表示部１３０は、判定電圧生成部１１０で生成された判定電圧に基づいて二次電池２０１の劣化の程度を表示する。
　劣化表示部１３０は、例えば、発光ダイオードであるＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５と、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１とで構成することができる。
　ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５は、例えば、直列に接続される。この場合、ＬＥＤ１のカソードにＬＥＤ２のアノードが接続される。ＬＥＤ２のカソードにＬＥＤ３のアノードが接続される。以下、同様にしてＬＥＤ３～ＬＥＤ５が接続される。なお、これに限らず、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５が個々にＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１に接続されており、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１がＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の発光と消灯を個別に制御する構成とすることもできる。 The deterioration display unit 130 displays the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 201 based on the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit 110.
The deterioration display unit 130 can be composed of, for example, LEDs 1 to 5 which are light emitting diodes, and an LED light emission control unit 131.
The LEDs 1 to 5 are connected in series, for example. In this case, the anode of LED2 is connected to the cathode of LED1. The anode of LED 3 is connected to the cathode of LED 2. Thereafter, the LEDs 3 to 5 are connected in the same manner. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the LED 1 to LED 5 may be individually connected to the LED light emission control unit 131, and the LED light emission control unit 131 may individually control the light emission and extinction of the LED 1 to LED 5.
　ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１は、電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２に接続され、電源２００から供給される電圧で動作する。ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１には、入力端子ＩＮに判定電圧生成部１１０の出力する判定電圧が入力される。ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１は、判定電圧に基づいてＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５を二次電池の劣化の程度に応じた個数だけ発光させる。このとき、二次電池１１０の劣化が激しいほど多くのＬＥＤが発光する。ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１については後で詳細に説明する。 The LED light emission control unit 131 is connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and operates with a voltage supplied from the power supply 200. The LED light emission control unit 131 receives the determination voltage output from the determination voltage generation unit 110 at the input terminal IN. The LED light emission control unit 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 5 to emit light according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery based on the determination voltage. At this time, more LEDs emit light as the secondary battery 110 is more deteriorated. The LED light emission control unit 131 will be described in detail later.
　判定電圧生成部１１０と劣化表示部１３０は、一部を除き、デジタル処理で実現することができる。これらをデジタル処理で実現する場合には、例えば、ＦＰＧＡ（Ｆｉｅｌｄ－Ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍａｂｌｅ　Ｇａｔｅ　Ａｒｒａｙ）、ＤＳＰ（Ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ　Ｓｉｇｎａｌ　Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｒ）、マイクロプロセッサ等を用いて実現することができる。
　また、判定電圧生成部１１０と劣化表示部１３０は、アナログ回路で実現することもできる。以下では、判定電圧生成部１１０とＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１とをアナログ回路で実現する例について詳細に説明する。 The determination voltage generation unit 110 and the deterioration display unit 130 can be realized by digital processing except for a part thereof. When these are realized by digital processing, for example, an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), a microprocessor, or the like can be used.
Further, the determination voltage generation unit 110 and the deterioration display unit 130 can be realized by an analog circuit. Below, the example which implement | achieves the determination voltage generation part 110 and the LED light emission control part 131 with an analog circuit is demonstrated in detail.
　上述したように、二次電池２０１が著しく劣化したときにその正極と負極の間に発生する電圧の交流成分の振幅は、例えば２０ｍＶ程度である。一方、赤、橙、黄、緑のＬＥＤの順方向電圧降下は２Ｖ程度である。このため、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５がこれらの色のＬＥＤであり、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５が直列に接続されている場合、二次電池２０１が著しく劣化したときにＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５を全て発光させるためには、例えば１０Ｖ以上の電圧をＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５からなるＬＥＤ回路に印加しなければならない。従って、判定電圧生成部１１０は、二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間に生じる電圧に含まれる交流電圧成分を例えば５００倍以上に増幅する必要がある。 As described above, the amplitude of the AC component of the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode when the secondary battery 201 is significantly deteriorated is, for example, about 20 mV. On the other hand, the forward voltage drop of red, orange, yellow and green LEDs is about 2V. For this reason, when the LEDs 1 to LED5 are LEDs of these colors and the LEDs 1 to LED5 are connected in series, in order to cause all of the LEDs 1 to LED5 to emit light when the secondary battery 201 is significantly deteriorated, for example, 10V The above voltage must be applied to the LED circuit composed of LED1 to LED5. Therefore, the determination voltage generation unit 110 needs to amplify the AC voltage component included in the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201 by, for example, 500 times or more.
　図２は、判定電圧生成部１１０の構成の一例を示す。
　判定電圧生成部１１０は、二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間に生じる電圧に含まれる交流電圧成分を増幅して整流することにより、判定電圧を生成する。判定電圧生成部１１０は、出力端子ＯＵＴから判定電圧を出力する。
　判定電圧生成部１１０は、コンデンサＣ１と、変圧器Ｔ１と、増幅部１１１と、反転部１１２と、２倍増幅部１１３とを有する。
　コンデンサＣ１は、一端が電源ラインＬ１に接続され、他端が変圧器Ｔ１の１次巻線の一端に接続される。変圧器Ｔ１の１次巻線の他端は、電源ラインＬ２に接続される。コンデンサＣ１は、二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間（電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２の間）に生じる電圧に含まれる交流電圧成分を抽出する。変圧器Ｔ１は、コンデンサＣ１によって抽出された交流電圧成分を例えば１０倍程度増幅して第１の中間交流電圧を生成する。 FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration of the determination voltage generation unit 110.
The determination voltage generation unit 110 generates a determination voltage by amplifying and rectifying an AC voltage component included in a voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201. The determination voltage generator 110 outputs a determination voltage from the output terminal OUT.
The determination voltage generation unit 110 includes a capacitor C1, a transformer T1, an amplification unit 111, an inversion unit 112, and a double amplification unit 113.
One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply line L1, and the other end is connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer T1. The other end of the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to the power supply line L2. Capacitor C1 extracts an AC voltage component included in a voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of secondary battery 201 (between power supply line L1 and power supply line L2). The transformer T1 amplifies the AC voltage component extracted by the capacitor C1 by about 10 times, for example, and generates a first intermediate AC voltage.
　増幅部１１１は、抵抗Ｒ１と、抵抗Ｒ２と、コンデンサＣ２と、オペアンプＯＰ１と、可変抵抗ＶＲ１と、可変抵抗ＶＲ２と、コンデンサＣ３とを有する。
　抵抗Ｒ１は、一端が電源ラインＬ１に接続され、他端が抵抗Ｒ２の一端に接続される。抵抗Ｒ２の他端は電源ラインＬ２に接続される。抵抗Ｒ１と抵抗Ｒ２は、電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２間の電圧を分圧し、それらの接続部分に電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２間の電圧の好ましくは半分程度の中間電圧を生じる。
　コンデンサＣ２は、一端が抵抗Ｒ１と抵抗Ｒ２の接続部分に接続され、他端が電源ラインＬ２に接続される。コンデンサＣ２は、抵抗Ｒ１と抵抗Ｒ２の接続部分の電圧からリップルやノイズを吸収する。
　変圧器Ｔ１は、２次巻線の一端がオペアンプＯＰ１の非反転入力端に接続され、２次巻線の他端が抵抗Ｒ１と抵抗Ｒ２の接続部分に接続される。変圧器Ｔ１の他端には、第１の中間交流電圧と中間電圧が加算された電圧が生じる。 The amplifying unit 111 includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C2, an operational amplifier OP1, a variable resistor VR1, a variable resistor VR2, and a capacitor C3.
The resistor R1 has one end connected to the power supply line L1 and the other end connected to one end of the resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the power supply line L2. The resistor R1 and the resistor R2 divide the voltage between the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and generate an intermediate voltage, preferably about half of the voltage between the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, at their connection portion.
One end of the capacitor C2 is connected to a connection portion between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, and the other end is connected to the power supply line L2. The capacitor C2 absorbs ripples and noise from the voltage at the connection portion between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2.
In the transformer T1, one end of the secondary winding is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier OP1, and the other end of the secondary winding is connected to a connection portion between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2. A voltage obtained by adding the first intermediate AC voltage and the intermediate voltage is generated at the other end of the transformer T1.
　オペアンプＯＰ１の正電源端は電源ラインＬ１に接続され、その負電源端は電源ラインＬ２に接続される。オペアンプＯＰ１の出力端は、可変抵抗ＶＲ２の一端に接続される。可変抵抗ＶＲ２の他端は、オペアンプＯＰ１の反転入力端と可変抵抗ＶＲ１の一端とに接続される。可変抵抗ＶＲ１の他端はコンデンサＣ３の一端に接続される。コンデンサＣ３の他端は電源ラインＬ２に接続される。可変抵抗ＶＲ１と可変抵抗ＶＲ２の抵抗値は、両方とも変更することができる。
　上述した構成により、オペアンプＯＰ１は可変抵抗ＶＲ１と可変抵抗ＶＲ２の抵抗値で決まる増幅度の非反転増幅器として動作する。オペアンプＯＰ１の非反転入力端には、第１の中間交流電圧と中間電圧が加算された加算電圧が入力される。加算電圧が中間電圧より大きい場合、オペアンプＯＰ１は第１の中間交流電圧を正の方向に増幅する。一方、加算電圧が中間電圧より小さい場合、オペアンプＯＰ１は第１の中間交流電圧を負の方向に増幅する。
　このようにして、増幅部１１１は、第１の中間交流電圧を例えば２５倍程度増幅して第２の中間交流電圧を生成する。
　なお、本実施形態では、オペアンプＯＰ１を非反転増幅器として動作させる例を示すが、オペアンプＯＰ１を反転増幅器として動作させる構成とすることもできる。 The positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 is connected to the power supply line L1, and the negative power supply terminal is connected to the power supply line L2. The output terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 is connected to one end of the variable resistor VR2. The other end of the variable resistor VR2 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier OP1 and one end of the variable resistor VR1. The other end of the variable resistor VR1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C3. The other end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the power supply line L2. Both the resistance values of the variable resistor VR1 and the variable resistor VR2 can be changed.
With the above-described configuration, the operational amplifier OP1 operates as a non-inverting amplifier having an amplification degree determined by the resistance values of the variable resistor VR1 and the variable resistor VR2. An addition voltage obtained by adding the first intermediate AC voltage and the intermediate voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1. When the addition voltage is larger than the intermediate voltage, the operational amplifier OP1 amplifies the first intermediate AC voltage in the positive direction. On the other hand, when the addition voltage is smaller than the intermediate voltage, the operational amplifier OP1 amplifies the first intermediate AC voltage in the negative direction.
In this way, the amplifying unit 111 amplifies the first intermediate AC voltage by about 25 times, for example, to generate a second intermediate AC voltage.
In the present embodiment, the operational amplifier OP1 is operated as a non-inverting amplifier. However, the operational amplifier OP1 may be operated as an inverting amplifier.
　反転部１１２は、コンデンサＣ４と、抵抗Ｒ３と、抵抗Ｒ４と、オペアンプＯＰ２とを有する。
　コンデンサＣ４は、一端がオペアンプＯＰ１の出力端に接続され、他端が抵抗Ｒ３の一端に接続される。抵抗Ｒ３の他端は、オペアンプＯＰ２の反転入力端と抵抗Ｒ４の一端とに接続される。抵抗Ｒ４の他端は、オペアンプＯＰ２の出力端に接続される。抵抗Ｒ３と抵抗Ｒ４の抵抗値は同一である。
　オペアンプＯＰ２の正電源端は電源ラインＬ１に接続され、その負電源端は電源ラインＬ２に接続される。オペアンプＯＰ２の反転入力端は、抵抗Ｒ３の他端と抵抗Ｒ４の一端との接続部分に接続され、オペアンプＯＰ２の非反転入力端には中間電圧が入力される。
　上述した構成により、オペアンプＯＰ２は増幅度が１倍の反転増幅器として動作する。オペアンプＯＰ２は、増幅部１１１で生成される第２の中間交流電圧の正負の極性が反転した反転交流電圧を生成する。 The inverting unit 112 includes a capacitor C4, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, and an operational amplifier OP2.
One end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier OP1, and the other end is connected to one end of the resistor R3. The other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier OP2 and one end of the resistor R4. The other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier OP2. The resistance values of the resistors R3 and R4 are the same.
The positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP2 is connected to the power supply line L1, and the negative power supply terminal is connected to the power supply line L2. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP2 is connected to a connection portion between the other end of the resistor R3 and one end of the resistor R4, and an intermediate voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP2.
With the above-described configuration, the operational amplifier OP2 operates as an inverting amplifier having an amplification factor of 1. The operational amplifier OP2 generates an inverted AC voltage in which the positive and negative polarities of the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplifier 111 are inverted.
　２倍増幅部１１３は、コンデンサＣ５と、コンデンサＣ６と、ダイオードＤ１と、ダイオードＤ２と、ダイオードＤ３と、コンデンサＣ７とを有する。
　ダイオードＤ３は、アノードが電源ラインＬ２に接続され、カソードがダイオードＤ２のアノードに接続される。ダイオードＤ２のカソードは、ダイオードＤ１のアノードに接続される。ダイオードＤ１のカソードは出力端子ＯＵＴに接続される。
　コンデンサＣ５は、一端がオペアンプＯＰ１の出力端に接続され、他端がダイオードＤ１のアノードとダイオードＤ２のカソードとの接続部分に接続される。コンデンサＣ６は、一端がオペアンプＯＰ２の出力端に接続され、他端がダイオードＤ２のアノードとダイオードＤ３のカソードとの接続部分に接続される。
　コンデンサＣ７は、出力端子ＯＵＴと電源ラインＬ２との間に接続される。コンデンサＣ７は、ダイオードＤ１のカソードから出力される電圧を平滑化する。
　上述した構成により、２倍増幅部１１３は２倍電圧増幅器として動作する。２倍増幅部１１３は、増幅部１１１で生成される第２の中間交流電圧と反転部１１２で生成される反転交流電圧とに基づいて第２の中間交流電圧を２倍に増幅して整流し、生成された直流電圧を出力端子ＯＵＴから出力する。出力端子ＯＵＴから出力される直流電圧が、二次電池２０１の劣化の程度を判定するための判定電圧である。 The double amplification unit 113 includes a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, and a capacitor C7.
The diode D3 has an anode connected to the power supply line L2 and a cathode connected to the anode of the diode D2. The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the anode of the diode D1. The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the output terminal OUT.
One end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier OP1, and the other end is connected to a connection portion between the anode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2. One end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP2, and the other end is connected to a connection portion between the anode of the diode D2 and the cathode of the diode D3.
The capacitor C7 is connected between the output terminal OUT and the power supply line L2. The capacitor C7 smoothes the voltage output from the cathode of the diode D1.
With the configuration described above, the double amplification unit 113 operates as a double voltage amplifier. The double amplification unit 113 amplifies and rectifies the second intermediate AC voltage by a factor of two based on the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplification unit 111 and the inverted AC voltage generated by the inverter 112. The generated DC voltage is output from the output terminal OUT. The DC voltage output from the output terminal OUT is a determination voltage for determining the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 201.
　このようにして、判定電圧生成部１１０は、二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間に生じる電圧に含まれる交流電圧成分を、増幅部１１１と反転部１１２と２倍増幅部１１３で例えばそれぞれ１０倍程度と２５倍程度と２倍、合計で５００倍程度増幅して判定電圧を生成し、それを出力端子ＯＵＴから出力する。 In this way, the determination voltage generation unit 110 converts, for example, 10 AC voltage components included in the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201 by the amplification unit 111, the inversion unit 112, and the double amplification unit 113, respectively. A decision voltage is generated by amplifying about 500 times, about 25 times and 2 times, and a total of about 500 times, and outputting it from the output terminal OUT.
　図３は、劣化表示部１３０の構成の一例を示す。劣化表示部１３０は、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１を含む。
　ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１は、電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２に接続され、電源２００から供給される電圧で動作する。
　ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１は、ＮＰＮバイポーラトランジスタＱ１と、抵抗Ｒ５と、Ｎチャネルエンハンスメント型電界効果トランジスタＦＥＴ１～ＦＥＴ５と、ダイオードＤ４～Ｄ８と、抵抗Ｒ６～Ｒ１０と、ＮＰＮバイポーラトランジスタＱ２と、抵抗Ｒ１１と、ＮＰＮバイポーラトランジスタＱ３と、抵抗Ｒ１２とを有する。 FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the deterioration display unit 130. The deterioration display unit 130 includes an LED light emission control unit 131.
The LED light emission control unit 131 is connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and operates with a voltage supplied from the power supply 200.
The LED emission controller 131 includes an NPN bipolar transistor Q1, a resistor R5, N-channel enhancement type field effect transistors FET1 to FET5, diodes D4 to D8, resistors R6 to R10, an NPN bipolar transistor Q2, and a resistor R11. NPN bipolar transistor Q3 and resistor R12.
　入力端子ＩＮには、判定電圧生成部１１０の出力端子ＯＵＴから出力される判定電圧が入力される。トランジスタＱ１は、ベースＢが入力端子ＩＮに接続され、コレクタＣが電源ラインＬ１に接続され、エミッタＥがＬＥＤ１のアノードに接続される。
　抵抗Ｒ５は、一端が電源ラインＬ１に接続され、他端がダイオードＤ４～Ｄ８の各アノードとトランジスタＱ２のコレクタＣに接続される。
　ＦＥＴ１の電流路（ドレインＤとソースＳの間の経路）は、ＬＥＤ１と並列に接続される。すなわち、ＦＥＴ１のドレインＤとソースＳはそれぞれＬＥＤ１のアノードとカソードに接続される。ＦＥＴ１のゲートＧは、抵抗Ｒ６の一端とダイオードＤ４のカソードとに接続される。抵抗Ｒ６の他端はＦＥＴ１のソースＳに接続される。ＦＥＴ１の電流路が非導通のときにＬＥＤ１は点灯し、ＦＥＴ１の電流路が導通しているときにＬＥＤ１は消灯する。 The determination voltage output from the output terminal OUT of the determination voltage generator 110 is input to the input terminal IN. The transistor Q1 has a base B connected to the input terminal IN, a collector C connected to the power supply line L1, and an emitter E connected to the anode of the LED1.
The resistor R5 has one end connected to the power supply line L1 and the other end connected to the anodes of the diodes D4 to D8 and the collector C of the transistor Q2.
The current path (the path between the drain D and the source S) of the FET 1 is connected in parallel with the LED 1. That is, the drain D and the source S of the FET 1 are connected to the anode and the cathode of the LED 1, respectively. The gate G of the FET 1 is connected to one end of the resistor R6 and the cathode of the diode D4. The other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the source S of the FET1. LED1 is turned on when the current path of FET1 is non-conductive, and LED1 is turned off when the current path of FET1 is conductive.
　ＬＥＤ２とＦＥＴ２とダイオードＤ５と抵抗Ｒ７との接続は、ＬＥＤ１とＦＥＴ１とダイオードＤ４と抵抗Ｒ６と同様である。また、ＬＥＤ３とＦＥＴ３とダイオードＤ６と抵抗Ｒ８との接続、ＬＥＤ４とＦＥＴ４とダイオードＤ７と抵抗Ｒ９との接続、およびＬＥＤ５とＦＥＴ５とダイオードＤ８と抵抗Ｒ１０との接続も、ＬＥＤ１とＦＥＴ１とダイオードＤ４と抵抗Ｒ６と同様である。
　トランジスタＱ２は、ベースＢがＬＥＤ５のカソードに接続され、コレクタＣが抵抗Ｒ５の他端に接続され、エミッタＥが抵抗Ｒ１１の一端に接続される。抵抗Ｒ１１の他端は電源ラインＬ２に接続される。トランジスタＱ３は、ベースＢがＬＥＤ５のカソードとトランジスタＱ２のベースＢと自身のコレクタＣとに接続され、コレクタＣがＬＥＤ５のカソードと自身のベースＢとトランジスタＱ２のベースＢとに接続され、エミッタＥが抵抗Ｒ１２の一端に接続される。抵抗Ｒ１２の他端は電源ラインＬ２に接続される。なお、抵抗Ｒ１１の抵抗値は抵抗Ｒ１２の抵抗値の１０倍程度の大きさである。 Connection of LED2, FET2, diode D5, and resistor R7 is the same as that of LED1, FET1, diode D4, and resistor R6. Also, the connection between LED3, FET3, diode D6, and resistor R8, the connection between LED4, FET4, diode D7, and resistor R9, and the connection between LED5, FET5, diode D8, and resistor R10 are the same as LED1, FET1, and diode D4. The same as the resistor R6.
The transistor Q2 has a base B connected to the cathode of the LED 5, a collector C connected to the other end of the resistor R5, and an emitter E connected to one end of the resistor R11. The other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power supply line L2. The transistor Q3 has a base B connected to the cathode of the LED 5, the base B of the transistor Q2, and its collector C. The collector C is connected to the cathode of the LED 5, its own base B, and the base B of the transistor Q2. Is connected to one end of the resistor R12. The other end of the resistor R12 is connected to the power supply line L2. Note that the resistance value of the resistor R11 is about ten times the resistance value of the resistor R12.
　以下、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１におけるＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の発光制御について詳細に説明する。
（１）二次電池２０１の劣化が著しく、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５が全部発光する場合
　このとき、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の直列接続回路にかかる電圧は最も高い（以下、この電圧を最高電圧という。）。トランジスタＱ１のコレクタＣとエミッタＥ間の経路、およびＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５を流れる電流により、トランジスタＱ３のコレクタＣに発生する電位でトランジスタＱ２のベースＢが順バイアスされ、トランジスタＱ２のコレクタＣとエミッタＥ間が導通状態となる。このため、トランジスタＱ２のコレクタＣの電位は、基準電位（電源ラインＬ２の電位）と同電位となる。
　ただし、トランジスタＱ２のコレクタＣとエミッタＥ間は完全な導通状態である必要はない（半導通など）。ＦＥＴ１～ＦＥＴ５のゲートＧの電位がそれらの電流路を導通させない電位であれば良い。このとき、トランジスタＱ２のコレクタＣの電位は、基準電位より少し高めの電位である。以下、「基準電位と同電位」と「基準電位より少し高めの電位」などを総称して、「同等の電位」という。
　このとき、ダイオードＤ４～Ｄ８のアノードも、基準電位と同等の電位であり、ＦＥＴ１～ＦＥＴ５のゲートＧに順バイアス電位は印加されず、ＦＥＴ１～ＦＥＴ５の電流路は非導通となり、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５は全て発光する。 Hereinafter, the light emission control of the LEDs 1 to 5 in the LED light emission control unit 131 will be described in detail.
(1) When the secondary battery 201 is significantly deteriorated and all of the LEDs 1 to LED5 emit light At this time, the voltage applied to the series connection circuit of the LEDs 1 to LED5 is the highest (hereinafter, this voltage is referred to as the highest voltage). The base B of the transistor Q2 is forward-biased by the potential generated at the collector C of the transistor Q3 by the path between the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q1 and the current flowing through the LEDs 1 to LED5, and between the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q2 Becomes conductive. For this reason, the potential of the collector C of the transistor Q2 is the same as the reference potential (the potential of the power supply line L2).
However, the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q2 do not have to be in a completely conductive state (semi-conductive or the like). The potential of the gate G of the FET1 to FET5 may be any potential that does not cause the current paths to conduct. At this time, the potential of the collector C of the transistor Q2 is slightly higher than the reference potential. Hereinafter, “the same potential as the reference potential” and “a potential slightly higher than the reference potential” are collectively referred to as “equivalent potential”.
At this time, the anodes of the diodes D4 to D8 are also at the same potential as the reference potential, no forward bias potential is applied to the gates G of the FET1 to FET5, the current paths of the FET1 to FET5 become non-conductive, and the LEDs 1 to LED5 All emit light.
（２）二次電池２０１が正常であり、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５が全部発光を停止する場合
　このとき、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の直列接続回路にかかる電圧は最も低い。ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５は、ＦＥＴ１～ＦＥＴ５の各電流路により短絡（バイパス）されている。トランジスタＱ２のベースＢは順バイアス（電流値）されず、または順バイアス（電流値）が小さくなり、トランジスタＱ２のコレクタＣとエミッタＥ間が非導通または導通抵抗値が大となり、コレクタＣの電位が上昇し、ＦＥＴ１～ＦＥＴ５のすべてのゲートＧを順バイアスする。このため、ＦＥＴ１～ＦＥＴ５の電流路はすべて導通し、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５は全て発光を停止する。 (2) When the secondary battery 201 is normal and the LEDs 1 to LED5 all stop emitting light At this time, the voltage applied to the series connection circuit of the LEDs 1 to LED5 is the lowest. LED1 to LED5 are short-circuited (bypassed) by the current paths of FET1 to FET5. The base B of the transistor Q2 is not forward-biased (current value), or the forward-bias (current value) becomes small, the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q2 are not conducting or the conducting resistance value is large, and the potential of the collector C Rises and forward biases all the gates G of FET1 to FET5. For this reason, all of the current paths of the FET1 to FET5 are conducted, and the LEDs 1 to LED5 all stop emitting light.
（３）二次電池２０１の劣化が激しく、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ４が発光し、ＬＥＤ５が発光を停止する場合
　このとき、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の直列接続回路には、最高電圧よりＬＥＤ５の順方向電圧降下分だけ低い電圧がかかっている。ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の直列接続回路にかかる電圧が低下したことにより、トランジスタＱ３のコレクタＣの電位は少し低下する。このため、トランジスタＱ２のベースＢは順バイアスが不充分となり、そのコレクタＣとエミッタＥ間が非導通となるように働く。
　従って、トランジスタＱ２のコレクタＣの電位は上昇し、ＦＥＴ５のゲートＧを順バイアスし、ＦＥＴ５の電流路は導通し、トランジスタＱ３のコレクタＣとエミッタＥ間に電流が流れ、トランジスタＱ３のコレクタＣの電位は少し回復するが、トランジスタＱ２のベースＢは順バイアスされず、トランジスタＱ２のコレクタの電位は上昇する。ＦＥＴ５のみのゲートＧが順バイアスされてＦＥＴ５は導通し、ＬＥＤ５の両端に順方向電圧降下より低い電圧が印加されて非導通となり発光を停止する。 (3) When the secondary battery 201 is severely deteriorated, LED1 to LED4 emit light, and LED5 stops emitting light At this time, the series connection circuit of LED1 to LED5 has a forward voltage drop of LED5 from the maximum voltage. A low voltage is applied. Since the voltage applied to the series connection circuit of LED1 to LED5 is lowered, the potential of the collector C of the transistor Q3 is slightly lowered. For this reason, the base B of the transistor Q2 is insufficiently forward-biased so that the collector C and the emitter E are not electrically connected.
Therefore, the potential of the collector C of the transistor Q2 rises, forward biases the gate G of the FET 5, the current path of the FET 5 becomes conductive, a current flows between the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q3, and the collector C of the transistor Q3 Although the potential recovers a little, the base B of the transistor Q2 is not forward biased, and the collector potential of the transistor Q2 rises. The gate G of only the FET 5 is forward-biased, and the FET 5 becomes conductive, and a voltage lower than the forward voltage drop is applied to both ends of the LED 5 to become non-conductive and stop light emission.
　このとき、ＦＥＴ１～ＦＥＴ５のゲートＧの電位は基準電位を基準として同一電位として上昇するが、ＦＥＴ１～ＦＥＴ４の電流路は導通せず、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ４は発光を継続する。
　ＦＥＴ５のみが導通する理由は、ＦＥＴ５のソースＳの電位は、トランジスタＱ３のコレクタＣの電位であり低電位である。一方、ＦＥＴ４のソースＳの電位は、ＦＥＴ５のドレインＤの電位であり、ＦＥＴ５のソースＳの電位より少し高電位である。このため、ＦＥＴ４のソースＳに対するゲートＧの電位はＦＥＴ５のものより低電位であり、ＦＥＴ５が導通してもＦＥＴ４は導通しない。従って、ＬＥＤ４は発光する。 At this time, the potentials of the gates G of the FET1 to FET5 rise as the same potential with reference to the reference potential, but the current paths of the FET1 to FET4 are not conducted, and the LEDs 1 to LED4 continue to emit light.
The reason why only the FET 5 is conductive is that the potential of the source S of the FET 5 is the potential of the collector C of the transistor Q3 and is low. On the other hand, the potential of the source S of the FET 4 is the potential of the drain D of the FET 5 and is slightly higher than the potential of the source S of the FET 5. For this reason, the potential of the gate G with respect to the source S of the FET 4 is lower than that of the FET 5, and the FET 4 does not conduct even if the FET 5 conducts. Accordingly, the LED 4 emits light.
　ＦＥＴ４は導通していないので、ＦＥＴ３、ＦＥＴ２、ＦＥＴ１のソースＳの電位は、それぞれＬＥＤ３、ＬＥＤ２、ＬＥＤ１のカソード電位であり、ソースＳの電位は高くＦＥＴ３、ＦＥＴ２、ＦＥＴ１のゲートＧの電位も順バイアスされない。ＦＥＴ３、ＦＥＴ２、ＦＥＴ１の電流路も非導通であり、ＬＥＤ３、ＬＥＤ２、ＬＥＤ１は発光する。 Since FET4 is not conducting, the potential of the source S of FET3, FET2, and FET1 is the cathode potential of LED3, LED2, and LED1, respectively, the potential of the source S is high, and the potentials of the gates G of FET3, FET2, and FET1 are also in order. Not biased. The current paths of FET3, FET2, and FET1 are also non-conductive, and LED3, LED2, and LED1 emit light.
　ＦＥＴ５は完全導通状態とならないで、ある程度の抵抗値を保持する。これは、トランジスタＱ２のコレクタＣ、ＦＥＴ５のゲートＧ、ＦＥＴ５のソースＳ、トランジスタＱ２のベースＢの回路で負帰還回路を構成し、トランジスタＱ３のコレクタＣ（ベースＢ）の電位を一定に保持し、ＦＥＴ５のドレインＤとソースＳ間の導通抵抗値をある一定の値で均衡させるからである。 FET5 does not become a complete conduction state but retains a certain resistance value. This is because a negative feedback circuit is formed by the collector C of the transistor Q2, the gate G of the FET 5, the source S of the FET 5, and the base B of the transistor Q2, and the potential of the collector C (base B) of the transistor Q3 is kept constant. This is because the conduction resistance value between the drain D and the source S of the FET 5 is balanced at a certain value.
　また、この負帰還回路で、ＦＥＴ５はトランジスタＱ３と抵抗Ｒ１２を負荷としてソースフォロア回路を構成している。この負帰還回路は、トランジスタＱ３のコレクタＣ（ベースＢ）の電位を一定にする作用がある。
　この負帰還回路によって、トランジスタＱ２のコレクタＣとエミッタＥ間の抵抗値も一定の値で均衡する。すべては、この負帰還回路で均衡する。
　なお、トランジスタＱ３が無く、抵抗Ｒ１２の一端がＦＥＴ５のソースＳ（ＬＥＤ５のカソード、トランジスタＱ２のベース）に接続されている構成であっても、抵抗Ｒ１２を流れる電流を一定にする作用があるので、抵抗Ｒ１２の両端の電圧は一定となる。従って、トランジスタＱ３が無く、抵抗Ｒ１２の一端がＦＥＴ５のソースＳに直接接続されている構成であってもよい。 In this negative feedback circuit, the FET 5 forms a source follower circuit with the transistor Q3 and the resistor R12 as loads. This negative feedback circuit has an effect of making the potential of the collector C (base B) of the transistor Q3 constant.
By this negative feedback circuit, the resistance value between the collector C and the emitter E of the transistor Q2 is also balanced at a constant value. Everything is balanced with this negative feedback circuit.
Even if the transistor Q3 is not provided and one end of the resistor R12 is connected to the source S of the FET 5 (the cathode of the LED 5, the base of the transistor Q2), the current flowing through the resistor R12 can be made constant. The voltage across the resistor R12 is constant. Therefore, the transistor Q3 may not be provided and one end of the resistor R12 may be directly connected to the source S of the FET 5.
　ＦＥＴ５は完全導通ではないが導通することで、ＬＥＤ５の電流路をＦＥＴ５が代替し、電流は通常どおり流れ、ＬＥＤ５は発光を停止し、その他の発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ４～ＬＥＤ１）は発光を維持する。
　ＦＥＴ５の導通によるＦＥＴ５の電流路の電圧降下は、発光ダイオードの順方向電圧降下より小さい。この状態ではＬＥＤ５は発光しない。ＦＥＴ４のソースＳの電位は、ＦＥＴ５のドレインＤとソースＳ間の電圧降下分上昇している。このため、ＦＥＴ４のゲートＧとソースＳ間の電位は導通電位よりも低くなり、ＦＥＴ４は導通しない。ＦＥＴ４が導通しなければ、ＦＥＴ３、ＦＥＴ２、ＦＥＴ１も導通しない。 When the FET 5 is not fully conductive, the FET 5 replaces the current path of the LED 5, the current flows as usual, the LED 5 stops emitting light, and the other light emitting diodes (LED4 to LED1) maintain the light emission.
The voltage drop in the current path of the FET 5 due to the conduction of the FET 5 is smaller than the forward voltage drop of the light emitting diode. In this state, the LED 5 does not emit light. The potential of the source S of the FET 4 is increased by the voltage drop between the drain D and the source S of the FET 5. For this reason, the potential between the gate G and the source S of the FET 4 is lower than the conduction potential, and the FET 4 does not conduct. If FET4 does not conduct, FET3, FET2, and FET1 do not conduct.
（４）二次電池２０１の劣化がやや激しく、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ３が発光し、ＬＥＤ４とＬＥＤ５が発光を停止する場合
　このとき、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の直列接続回路には、最高電圧よりＬＥＤ５とＬＥＤ４の順方向電圧降下分だけ低い電圧がかかっている。このため、ＦＥＴ４がＦＥＴ５と同様に動作することとなる。負帰還回路もＦＥＴ４が同様な動作をする。
　従って、ＦＥＴ４は完全導通ではないが導通し、この導通による電位降下値は、ＬＥＤ４の順方向電圧降下より小さいため、ＬＥＤ４には順方向電圧降下より低い電圧が印加されてＬＥＤ４は発光を停止する。 (4) When the secondary battery 201 is slightly deteriorated, LED1 to LED3 emit light, and LED4 and LED5 stop emitting light. At this time, the series connection circuit of LED1 to LED5 has the order of LED5 and LED4 from the highest voltage. Low voltage is applied by the direction voltage drop. For this reason, the FET 4 operates in the same manner as the FET 5. In the negative feedback circuit, the FET 4 performs the same operation.
Accordingly, the FET 4 is not fully conductive but the potential drop due to this conduction is smaller than the forward voltage drop of the LED 4, so that a voltage lower than the forward voltage drop is applied to the LED 4 and the LED 4 stops emitting light. .
　ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の直列接続回路にかかる電圧が更に低下すると、ＬＥＤ３、ＬＥＤ２、ＬＥＤ１が順番に発光を停止する。すなわち、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の直列接続回路にかかる電圧が発光ダイオードの順方向電圧降下分ずつ低下すると、ＬＥＤ５→ＬＥＤ４→ＬＥＤ３→ＬＥＤ２→ＬＥＤ１の順に発光を停止し、発光ダイオードの順方向電圧降下分ずつ上昇すると、ＬＥＤ１→ＬＥＤ２→ＬＥＤ３→ＬＥＤ４→ＬＥＤ５の順に発光する。
　なお、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５の直列接続回路にかかる電圧が最高電圧より微少電圧δＶ（０＜δＶ＜発光ダイオードの順方向電圧降下）だけ低いとき、ＦＥＴ５は不完全導通で、ＦＥＴ５とＬＥＤ５とに電流が流れる場合がある。この微少電圧だけ低い場合でも負帰還が働いている。 When the voltage applied to the series connection circuit of LED1 to LED5 further decreases, LED3, LED2, and LED1 stop emitting light in order. That is, when the voltage applied to the series connection circuit of LED1 to LED5 is decreased by the forward voltage drop of the light emitting diode, the light emission is stopped in the order of LED5 → LED4 → LED3 → LED2 → LED1 and the forward voltage drop of the light emitting diode is decreased. If it rises, it will light-emit in order of LED1->LED2->LED3->LED4-> LED5.
When the voltage applied to the series connection circuit of LED1 to LED5 is lower than the maximum voltage by a minute voltage δV (0 <δV <the forward voltage drop of the light emitting diode), FET5 is incompletely conductive, and current flows between FET5 and LED5. May flow. Negative feedback works even when this minute voltage is low.
　図４と図５は、それぞれ本発明の第２の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置に含まれる判定電圧生成部２１０と劣化表示部２３０の構成の一例を示す。第２の実施形態は、二次電池２０１の定格電圧が３８０Ｖである場合の例である。
　電源ラインＬ３には、図示しない定電圧回路から１２Ｖの電圧が供給される。判定電圧生成部２１０と劣化表示部２３０は、電源ラインＬ３と電源ラインＬ２に接続され、図示しない定電圧回路から供給される電圧で動作する。 4 and 5 show examples of the configurations of the determination voltage generation unit 210 and the deterioration display unit 230 included in the battery deterioration determination device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, respectively. The second embodiment is an example when the rated voltage of the secondary battery 201 is 380V.
A voltage of 12 V is supplied to the power supply line L3 from a constant voltage circuit (not shown). The determination voltage generation unit 210 and the deterioration display unit 230 are connected to the power supply line L3 and the power supply line L2, and operate with a voltage supplied from a constant voltage circuit (not shown).
　判定電圧生成部２１０が第１の実施形態に係る判定電圧生成部１１０と異なる点は以下の通りである。
　電源２０１が電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２に（二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間）に直流電流成分と交流電流成分とを含む脈流電流を流すとき、二次電池２０１の正極と負極の間に生じる交流電圧成分は例えば６００ｍＶ程度に達する。このため、判定電圧生成部２１０は、変圧器Ｔ１を有していない。
　判定電圧生成部２１０は、抵抗Ｒ１３と抵抗Ｒ１４とを有する。抵抗Ｒ１３は、一端が電源ラインＬ３に接続され、他端が抵抗Ｒ１４の一端に接続される。抵抗Ｒ１４の他端は電源ラインＬ２に接続される。抵抗Ｒ１３と抵抗Ｒ１４は、電源ラインＬ３と電源ラインＬ２間の電圧１２Ｖを分圧してそれらの接続部分に好ましくは６Ｖ程度の第１の中間電圧を生じる。コンデンサＣ１は、一端が電源ラインＬ１に接続され、他端が抵抗Ｒ１３と抵抗Ｒ１４の接続部分に接続される。このため、抵抗Ｒ１３と抵抗Ｒ１４との接続部分の電圧は第１の中間電圧に交流電圧成分が加算された電圧となり、その加算された電圧がオペアンプＯＰ１の非反転入力端に入力される。
　増幅部１１１のオペアンプＯＰ１とオペアンプＯＰ２の正電源端は電源ラインＬ３に接続されており、負電源端は電源ラインＬ２に接続されている。抵抗Ｒ１の一端は電源ラインＬ３に接続されており、抵抗Ｒ１と抵抗Ｒ２の接続部分には好ましくは６Ｖ程度の第２の中間電圧を生じる。オペアンプＯＰ２の非反転入力端には第２の中間電圧が入力される。
　上述した点以外は、判定電圧生成部２１０は判定電圧生成部１１０と同一の構成である。 The difference between the determination voltage generation unit 210 and the determination voltage generation unit 110 according to the first embodiment is as follows.
When the power supply 201 supplies a pulsating current including a direct current component and an alternating current component to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2 (between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 201), the positive and negative electrodes of the secondary battery 201 The AC voltage component generated between them reaches, for example, about 600 mV. For this reason, the determination voltage generation unit 210 does not have the transformer T1.
The determination voltage generation unit 210 includes a resistor R13 and a resistor R14. The resistor R13 has one end connected to the power supply line L3 and the other end connected to one end of the resistor R14. The other end of the resistor R14 is connected to the power supply line L2. The resistor R13 and the resistor R14 divide the voltage 12V between the power supply line L3 and the power supply line L2 to generate a first intermediate voltage, preferably about 6V, at their connection portion. One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply line L1, and the other end is connected to a connection portion between the resistor R13 and the resistor R14. Therefore, the voltage at the connection portion between the resistor R13 and the resistor R14 is a voltage obtained by adding an AC voltage component to the first intermediate voltage, and the added voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1.
The positive power supply terminals of the operational amplifier OP1 and the operational amplifier OP2 of the amplifier 111 are connected to the power supply line L3, and the negative power supply terminals are connected to the power supply line L2. One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply line L3, and a second intermediate voltage of preferably about 6V is generated at a connection portion between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2. The second intermediate voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP2.
Except for the points described above, the determination voltage generation unit 210 has the same configuration as the determination voltage generation unit 110.
　劣化表示部２３０は、ＬＥＤ発光制御部２３１と、発光ダイオードＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５とを含む。
　ＬＥＤ発光制御部２３１は、トランジスタＱ１のコレクタＣと抵抗Ｒ５の一端とが電源ラインＬ３に接続されている点が第１の実施形態に係るＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１と異なる。この点を除き、ＬＥＤ発光制御部２３１はＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１と同一の構成である。 The deterioration display unit 230 includes an LED light emission control unit 231 and light emitting diodes LED1 to LED5.
The LED light emission control unit 231 is different from the LED light emission control unit 131 according to the first embodiment in that the collector C of the transistor Q1 and one end of the resistor R5 are connected to the power supply line L3. Except for this point, the LED light emission control unit 231 has the same configuration as the LED light emission control unit 131.
　図６は、本発明の第３の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置１０１および充電器２の構成の一例を示す。第３の実施形態は、二次電池２０１の定格電圧が１２Ｖである場合の例である。
　充電器２は、電源２００と電池劣化診断装置１０１とを有する。充電器２は、鉛蓄電池やリチウムイオン電池等の二次電池２０１を充電する。 FIG. 6 shows an example of the configuration of the battery deterioration determination device 101 and the charger 2 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 3rd Embodiment is an example in case the rated voltage of the secondary battery 201 is 12V.
The charger 2 includes a power source 200 and a battery deterioration diagnosis device 101. The charger 2 charges a secondary battery 201 such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion battery.
　電池劣化診断装置１０１は、判定電圧生成部１１０と、異常判別部１２０と、劣化表示部１３０とを有する。
　電池劣化診断装置１０１は、異常判別部１２０を有する点が第１の実施形態に係る電池劣化診断装置１００と異なる。判定電圧生成部１１０と劣化表示部１３０の構成は、電池劣化判定装置１０１と電池劣化診断装置１００とで同一である。 The battery deterioration diagnosis apparatus 101 includes a determination voltage generation unit 110, an abnormality determination unit 120, and a deterioration display unit 130.
The battery deterioration diagnosis apparatus 101 is different from the battery deterioration diagnosis apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment in that it includes an abnormality determination unit 120. The configurations of the determination voltage generation unit 110 and the deterioration display unit 130 are the same in the battery deterioration determination device 101 and the battery deterioration diagnosis device 100.
　上述したように、判定電圧生成部１１０は、出力端子ＯＵＴから判定電圧を出力する。
　異常判別部１２０は、入力端子ＩＮに判定電圧が入力される。異常判別部１２０は、判定電圧と所定のしきい電圧とに基づいて二次電池２０１の異常の有無を判別する。そして、異常判別部１２０は、二次電池２０１が正常と判別された場合に正常であることを示す所定のレベルの表示電圧を生成する。また、異常判別部１２０は、二次電池２０１が異常と判別された場合に二次電池２０１の劣化の程度に応じたレベルの表示電圧を判定電圧に基づいて生成する。異常判別部１２０は、出力端子ＯＵＴから表示電圧を出力する。
　劣化表示部１３０は、判定電圧生成部１１０で生成された判定電圧ではなく、異常判別部１２０で生成された表示電圧に基づいて二次電池２０１の異常の有無および劣化の程度を表示する。 As described above, the determination voltage generation unit 110 outputs a determination voltage from the output terminal OUT.
In the abnormality determination unit 120, a determination voltage is input to the input terminal IN. Abnormality determination unit 120 determines whether or not secondary battery 201 is abnormal based on the determination voltage and a predetermined threshold voltage. Then, the abnormality determination unit 120 generates a display voltage of a predetermined level indicating that the secondary battery 201 is normal when it is determined as normal. Moreover, the abnormality determination part 120 produces | generates the display voltage of the level according to the grade of deterioration of the secondary battery 201 based on the determination voltage, when the secondary battery 201 is determined to be abnormal. The abnormality determination unit 120 outputs a display voltage from the output terminal OUT.
The deterioration display unit 130 displays the presence / absence of the abnormality and the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 201 based on the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit 120, not the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit 110.
　例えば、劣化表示部１３０は発光ダイオードＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５を有する。
　異常判別部１２０は、判定電圧生成部１１０で生成された判定電圧が所定のしきい電圧以下である場合、二次電池２０１は正常と判別する。そして、異常判別部１２０は、表示電圧を所定のレベル（例えば、基準電位）とする。一方、異常判別部１２０は、判定電圧が所定のしきい電圧より大きい場合、二次電池２０１は異常と判別する。そして、異常判別部１２０は、二次電池２０１の劣化の程度に応じた個数のＬＥＤを点灯させるレベルの表示電圧を判定電圧に基づいて生成する。 For example, the deterioration display unit 130 includes light emitting diodes LED1 to LED5.
Abnormality determination unit 120 determines that secondary battery 201 is normal when the determination voltage generated by determination voltage generation unit 110 is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold voltage. Then, the abnormality determination unit 120 sets the display voltage to a predetermined level (for example, a reference potential). On the other hand, when the determination voltage is larger than the predetermined threshold voltage, abnormality determination unit 120 determines that secondary battery 201 is abnormal. And the abnormality discrimination | determination part 120 produces | generates the display voltage of the level which lights the number of LED according to the grade of the deterioration of the secondary battery 201 based on a determination voltage.
　ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１は、入力端子ＩＮに異常判別部１２０で生成された表示電圧が入力される。ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１は、表示電圧に応じた個数だけＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５を発光させる。
　具体的には、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１は、異常判別部１２０で生成された表示電圧が所定のレベル（例えば、基準電位）であるとき、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５を全て消灯させる。これにより、電池劣化診断装置１００を見る人は、二次電池２０１が正常であることを知ることができる。
　それ以外の場合、すなわち、判定電圧が所定のしきい電圧より大きい場合には、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１は、二次電池の劣化の程度に応じた個数だけＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５を発光させる。このとき、二次電池２０１の劣化が激しいほど多くのＬＥＤが発光する。これにより、電池劣化診断装置１００を見る人は、二次電池２０１が異常であること、およびその劣化の程度を知ることができる。 In the LED light emission control unit 131, the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit 120 is input to the input terminal IN. The LED light emission control unit 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 5 to emit light by the number corresponding to the display voltage.
Specifically, the LED light emission control unit 131 turns off all of the LEDs 1 to 5 when the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit 120 is at a predetermined level (for example, a reference potential). Thereby, the person who looks at the battery deterioration diagnostic apparatus 100 can know that the secondary battery 201 is normal.
In other cases, that is, when the determination voltage is greater than the predetermined threshold voltage, the LED light emission control unit 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 5 to emit light in the number corresponding to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery. At this time, more LEDs emit light as the secondary battery 201 is more deteriorated. Thereby, the person who looks at the battery deterioration diagnosis apparatus 100 can know that the secondary battery 201 is abnormal and the degree of the deterioration.
　例えば、しきい電圧がＬＥＤを３個発光させる電圧に相当する場合、判定電圧がそのしきい電圧以下であるとき、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１はＬＥＤを全て消灯させる。二次電池２０１が劣化し、判定電圧がそのしきい電圧をわずかに超えるとき、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１はＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ３を発光させる。そして、二次電池２０１の劣化がその状態よりも少し激しいとき、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１はＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ４を発光させる。二次電池２０１の劣化が更に激しいとき、ＬＥＤ発光制御部１３１はＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５を全て発光させる。 For example, when the threshold voltage corresponds to a voltage for causing three LEDs to emit light, the LED light emission control unit 131 turns off all the LEDs when the determination voltage is equal to or lower than the threshold voltage. When the secondary battery 201 deteriorates and the determination voltage slightly exceeds the threshold voltage, the LED light emission controller 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 3 to emit light. When the deterioration of the secondary battery 201 is a little more severe than that state, the LED light emission control unit 131 causes the LEDs 1 to 4 to emit light. When the secondary battery 201 is further deteriorated, the LED light emission control unit 131 causes all the LEDs 1 to 5 to emit light.
　異常判別部１２０は、ＦＰＧＡ、ＤＳＰ、マイクロプロセッサ等を用いてデジタル処理で実現することができる。
　また、異常判別部１２０は、アナログ回路で実現することもできる。以下に、異常判別部１２０をアナログ回路で実現する例について詳細に説明する。 The abnormality determination unit 120 can be realized by digital processing using an FPGA, DSP, microprocessor, or the like.
Further, the abnormality determination unit 120 can be realized by an analog circuit. Hereinafter, an example in which the abnormality determination unit 120 is realized by an analog circuit will be described in detail.
　図７は、異常判別部１２０の構成の一例を示す。
　異常判別部１２０は、電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２に接続され、電源２００から供給される電圧で動作する。異常判別部１２０は、入力端子ＩＮに判定電圧生成部１１０で生成された判定電圧が入力され、出力端子ＯＵＴから表示電圧を出力する。
　異常判別部１２０は、可変抵抗ＶＲ２１、可変抵抗ＶＲ２２と、ＮＰＮトランジスタＱ２１と、ダイオードＤ２１と、ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２およびＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３で構成されるカレントミラー回路と、ダイオードＤ２２と、抵抗Ｒ２１と、抵抗Ｒ２２とを有する。
　可変抵抗ＶＲ２１は、一端が電源ラインＬ１に接続され、他端が可変抵抗ＶＲ２２の一端に接続される。可変抵抗ＶＲ２２の他端は電源ラインＬ２に接続される。可変抵抗ＶＲ２１と可変抵抗ＶＲ２２は、電源ラインＬ１と電源ラインＬ２間の電圧を分圧し、それらの接続部分に所定のしきい電圧を生じる。可変抵抗ＶＲ２１および／または可変抵抗ＶＲ２２を所定の抵抗値に設定することにより所定のしきい電圧を設定することができる。なお、可変抵抗ＶＲ２１と可変抵抗ＶＲ２２で構成される回路は、本発明のしきい電圧設定回路の一例である。 FIG. 7 shows an example of the configuration of the abnormality determination unit 120.
The abnormality determination unit 120 is connected to the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and operates with a voltage supplied from the power supply 200. The abnormality determination unit 120 receives the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit 110 at the input terminal IN, and outputs a display voltage from the output terminal OUT.
The abnormality determination unit 120 includes a variable resistor VR21, a variable resistor VR22, an NPN transistor Q21, a diode D21, a current mirror circuit including a PNP transistor Q22 and a PNP transistor Q23, a diode D22, a resistor R21, and a resistor R22. And have.
The variable resistor VR21 has one end connected to the power supply line L1 and the other end connected to one end of the variable resistor VR22. The other end of the variable resistor VR22 is connected to the power supply line L2. The variable resistor VR21 and the variable resistor VR22 divide the voltage between the power supply line L1 and the power supply line L2, and generate a predetermined threshold voltage at the connection portion thereof. A predetermined threshold voltage can be set by setting variable resistance VR21 and / or variable resistance VR22 to a predetermined resistance value. The circuit constituted by the variable resistor VR21 and the variable resistor VR22 is an example of the threshold voltage setting circuit of the present invention.
　ＮＰＮトランジスタＱ２１は、ベースＢが可変抵抗ＶＲ２１と可変抵抗ＶＲ２２の接続部分に接続され、コレクタＣが電源ラインＬ１に接続され、エミッタＥがダイオードＤ２１のアノードに接続される。ＮＰＮトランジスタＱ２１は、エミッタフォロアである。
　ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２とＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３とはカレントミラー回路を構成する。ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２は、ベースＢとコレクタＣが接続されている。ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２とＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３はベースＢ同士が接続されている。ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２とＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３の両方のエミッタＥは入力端子ＩＮに接続されており、これら両エミッタＥには判定電圧生成部１１０で生成された判定電圧が入力される。
　ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２のコレクタＣには、ダイオードＤ２２のアノードが接続される。ダイオードＤ２１のカソードとダイオードＤ２２のカソードは接続されている。抵抗Ｒ２１は、ダイオードＤ２１とダイオードＤ２２の両方のカソードに一端が接続され、基準電位が印加される電源ラインＬ２に他端が接続される。
　ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３のコレクタＣには、抵抗Ｒ２２の一端が接続される。抵抗Ｒ２２の他端は、電源ラインＬ２に接続される。ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３のコレクタＣと抵抗Ｒ２２の一端の接続部分は出力端子ＯＵＴに接続される。 The NPN transistor Q21 has a base B connected to a connection portion between the variable resistor VR21 and the variable resistor VR22, a collector C connected to the power supply line L1, and an emitter E connected to the anode of the diode D21. The NPN transistor Q21 is an emitter follower.
The PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23 constitute a current mirror circuit. The base B and the collector C are connected to the PNP transistor Q22. The bases B of the PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23 are connected to each other. Both emitters E of the PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23 are connected to the input terminal IN, and the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generator 110 is input to both the emitters E.
The anode of the diode D22 is connected to the collector C of the PNP transistor Q22. The cathode of the diode D21 and the cathode of the diode D22 are connected. The resistor R21 has one end connected to the cathodes of both the diode D21 and the diode D22, and the other end connected to the power supply line L2 to which the reference potential is applied.
One end of a resistor R22 is connected to the collector C of the PNP transistor Q23. The other end of the resistor R22 is connected to the power supply line L2. A connection portion between the collector C of the PNP transistor Q23 and one end of the resistor R22 is connected to the output terminal OUT.
　ＮＰＮトランジスタＱ２１は、しきい電圧がベースＢに入力され、しきい電圧よりベースエミッタ間電圧だけ低い電圧がエミッタＥに生じる。ダイオードＤ２１は、そのエミッタＥの電圧を順方向電圧降下だけ低下させる。以下では、しきい電圧よりベースエミッタ間電圧と順方向電圧降下の和だけ低い電圧をしきい電圧レベルの電圧という。
　また、ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２のコレクタＣには、判定電圧よりエミッタコレクタ間電圧だけ低い電圧が生じる。ダイオードＤ２２は、そのコレクタＣの電圧を順方向電圧降下だけ低下させる。以下では、判定電圧よりエミッタコレクタ間電圧と順方向電圧降下の和だけ低い電圧を判定電圧レベルの電圧という。
　ダイオードＤ２１のカソードとダイオードＤ２２のカソードと抵抗Ｒ２１の一端との接続部分（以下、抵抗Ｒ２１の一端という。）は、しきい電圧レベルの電圧と判定電圧レベルの電圧のいずれか高い方の電圧となる。 In the NPN transistor Q21, a threshold voltage is input to the base B, and a voltage lower than the threshold voltage by the base-emitter voltage is generated in the emitter E. The diode D21 reduces the voltage of its emitter E by the forward voltage drop. Hereinafter, a voltage lower than the threshold voltage by the sum of the base-emitter voltage and the forward voltage drop is referred to as a threshold voltage level voltage.
A voltage lower than the determination voltage by the emitter-collector voltage is generated at the collector C of the PNP transistor Q22. Diode D22 reduces the voltage at its collector C by a forward voltage drop. Hereinafter, a voltage lower than the determination voltage by the sum of the emitter-collector voltage and the forward voltage drop is referred to as a determination voltage level voltage.
A connection portion between the cathode of the diode D21, the cathode of the diode D22, and one end of the resistor R21 (hereinafter, referred to as one end of the resistor R21) is a higher one of the threshold voltage level and the determination voltage level voltage. Become.
　しきい電圧レベルの電圧が判定電圧レベルの電圧より高いとき、抵抗Ｒ２１の一端はしきい電圧レベルの電圧となる。このとき、ダイオードＤ２１は順バイアス状態となり、ダイオードＤ２２は逆バイアス状態となる。ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２のエミッタコレクタ間には電流が流れない。このため、ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２とＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３はベース電流が流れない。従って、ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３のエミッタコレクタ間にも電流が流れないため、ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３のコレクタＣと抵抗Ｒ２２の一端の接続部分（以下、抵抗Ｒ２２の一端という。）に、基準電位と同じレベルの表示電圧が生じる。
　逆に、判定電圧レベルの電圧がしきい電圧レベルの電圧より高いとき、抵抗Ｒ２１の一端は判定電圧レベルの電圧となる。このとき、ダイオードＤ２１は逆バイアス状態となり、ダイオードＤ２２は順バイアス状態となる。ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２のエミッタコレクタ間に電流が流れる。このため、ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２２とＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３はベース電流が流れる。従って、ＰＮＰトランジスタＱ２３のエミッタコレクタ間にも電流が流れるため、抵抗Ｒ２２の一端に、判定電圧よりエミッタコレクタ間電圧だけ低い表示電圧が生じる。 When the voltage at the threshold voltage level is higher than the voltage at the determination voltage level, one end of the resistor R21 becomes a voltage at the threshold voltage level. At this time, the diode D21 is in a forward bias state, and the diode D22 is in a reverse bias state. No current flows between the emitter and collector of the PNP transistor Q22. For this reason, the base current does not flow through the PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23. Accordingly, since no current flows between the emitter and collector of the PNP transistor Q23, a display at the same level as the reference potential is displayed at the connection portion of the collector C of the PNP transistor Q23 and one end of the resistor R22 (hereinafter referred to as one end of the resistor R22). A voltage is generated.
Conversely, when the voltage at the determination voltage level is higher than the voltage at the threshold voltage level, one end of the resistor R21 becomes a voltage at the determination voltage level. At this time, the diode D21 is in a reverse bias state, and the diode D22 is in a forward bias state. A current flows between the emitter and collector of the PNP transistor Q22. For this reason, a base current flows through the PNP transistor Q22 and the PNP transistor Q23. Accordingly, since a current also flows between the emitter and collector of the PNP transistor Q23, a display voltage lower than the determination voltage by the emitter-collector voltage is generated at one end of the resistor R22.
　図８は、本発明の第４の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置に含まれる異常判別部２２０の構成の一例を示す。第４の実施形態は、二次電池２０１の定格電圧が３８０Ｖである場合の例である。
　第４の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置は、異常判別部２２０に加えて、第２の実施形態に係る電池劣化判定装置の判定電圧生成部２１０と劣化表示部２３０とで構成される。
　電源ラインＬ３には、図示しない定電圧回路から１２Ｖの電圧が供給される。判定電圧生成部２１０と異常判別部２２０とＬＥＤ発光制御部２３１は、電源ラインＬ３と電源ラインＬ２に接続され、図示しない定電圧回路から供給される電圧で動作する。 FIG. 8 shows an example of the configuration of the abnormality determination unit 220 included in the battery deterioration determination device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The fourth embodiment is an example when the rated voltage of the secondary battery 201 is 380V.
The battery deterioration determination device according to the fourth embodiment includes a determination voltage generation unit 210 and a deterioration display unit 230 of the battery deterioration determination device according to the second embodiment, in addition to the abnormality determination unit 220.
A voltage of 12 V is supplied to the power supply line L3 from a constant voltage circuit (not shown). The determination voltage generation unit 210, the abnormality determination unit 220, and the LED light emission control unit 231 are connected to the power supply line L3 and the power supply line L2, and operate with a voltage supplied from a constant voltage circuit (not shown).
　異常判別部２２０は、図８に示すように、ＮＰＮトランジスタＱ２１のコレクタＣと可変抵抗ＶＲ２１の一端とが電源ラインＬ３に接続されている点が第１の実施形態に係る異常判別部１２０と異なる。この点を除き、異常判別部２２０は異常判別部１２０と同一の構成である。 As shown in FIG. 8, the abnormality determination unit 220 is different from the abnormality determination unit 120 according to the first embodiment in that the collector C of the NPN transistor Q21 and one end of the variable resistor VR21 are connected to the power supply line L3. . Except for this point, the abnormality determination unit 220 has the same configuration as the abnormality determination unit 120.
　なお、上述した実施形態では発光ダイオードが５個（ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５）の例について説明したが、発光ダイオードが２個～４個、または５個以上直列に接続されている場合であっても本発明を適用することができる。 In the above-described embodiment, an example of five light emitting diodes (LED1 to LED5) has been described. However, the present invention may be applied even when two to four light emitting diodes or five or more light emitting diodes are connected in series. Can be applied.
　以上説明したように、本発明によれば、二次電池の劣化の程度を目視で判定することができる。すなわち、本発明にかかる充電器を用いることにより、二次電池の充電中にその劣化の程度を目視で判定することができる。
　また、第３の実施形態と第４の実施形態によれば、二次電池の異常の有無を判別するとともに、異常である場合にはその劣化の程度を目視で判定することができる。すなわち、第３の実施形態と第４の実施形態に係る充電器を用いることにより、二次電池の充電中に異常の有無を判別するとともに、異常である場合にはその劣化の程度を目視で判定することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery can be visually determined. That is, by using the charger according to the present invention, it is possible to visually determine the degree of deterioration during charging of the secondary battery.
Further, according to the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, it is possible to determine the presence or absence of abnormality of the secondary battery and to visually determine the degree of deterioration in the case of abnormality. That is, by using the charger according to the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, it is possible to determine whether or not there is an abnormality during charging of the secondary battery, and if it is abnormal, visually check the degree of deterioration. Can be determined.
　以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、設計または製造上の都合やその他の要因によって必要となる様々な修正や組み合わせは、請求項に記載されている発明や発明の実施形態に記載されている具体例に対応する発明の範囲に含まれる。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, various modifications and combinations necessary for design or manufacturing convenience and other factors are described in the claimed invention and the embodiments of the invention. It is included in the scope of the invention corresponding to the specific example.
１、２…充電器、１００、１０１…電池劣化判定装置、１１０…判定電圧生成部、１１１…増幅部、１１２…反転部、１１３…２倍増幅部、１２０…異常判別部、１３０…劣化表示部、１３１…ＬＥＤ発光制御部、２００…電源、２０１…二次電池、２１０…判定電圧生成部、２２０…異常判別部、２３０…劣化表示部、２３１…ＬＥＤ発光制御部、ＬＥＤ１～ＬＥＤ５…発光ダイオード DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 ... Charger, 100, 101 ... Battery deterioration determination apparatus, 110 ... Determination voltage generation part, 111 ... Amplification part, 112 ... Inversion part, 113 ... Double amplification part, 120 ... Abnormality determination part, 130 ... Deterioration display , 131 ... LED light emission control unit, 200 ... power supply, 201 ... secondary battery, 210 ... determination voltage generation unit, 220 ... abnormality determination unit, 230 ... deterioration display unit, 231 ... LED light emission control unit, LED1 to LED5 ... light emission diode

Claims (8)

  1. 　二次電池の正極と負極の間に交流電流成分を含む電流が流れるとき、当該正極と負極の間に生じる電圧に含まれる交流電圧成分を抽出し、当該交流電圧成分に基づいて前記二次電池の劣化の程度を判定するための判定電圧を生成する判定電圧生成部と、
    　前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧に基づいて前記二次電池の劣化の程度を表示する劣化表示部と、
    　を備えることを特徴とする電池劣化判定装置。     When an electric current containing an alternating current component flows between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery, the alternating voltage component contained in the voltage generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is extracted, and the secondary battery is based on the alternating voltage component A determination voltage generation unit that generates a determination voltage for determining the degree of deterioration of
    A deterioration display unit that displays a degree of deterioration of the secondary battery based on the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit;
    A battery deterioration determination device comprising:
  2. 　前記判定電圧生成部が、前記交流電圧成分を増幅して整流することにより、前記判定電圧を生成し、
    　前記劣化表示部が、直列に接続された複数のＬＥＤと、前記判定電圧生成部で生成される判定電圧に基づいて前記複数のＬＥＤを前記二次電池の劣化の程度に応じた個数だけ発光させるＬＥＤ発光制御部とを有する、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電池劣化判定装置。     The determination voltage generator generates the determination voltage by amplifying and rectifying the AC voltage component,
    The deterioration display unit causes the plurality of LEDs to emit light according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery based on the plurality of LEDs connected in series and the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit. An LED light emission control unit,
    The battery deterioration determination device according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記ＬＥＤ発光制御部が、前記二次電池の劣化が激しいほど多くのＬＥＤを発光させることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の電池劣化判定装置。 The battery deterioration determination apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the LED light emission control unit causes more LEDs to emit light as the deterioration of the secondary battery is more severe.
  4. 　前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧と所定のしきい電圧とに基づいて前記二次電池の異常の有無を判別し、前記二次電池が正常と判別された場合に正常であることを示す所定のレベルの表示電圧を生成し、前記二次電池が異常と判別された場合に前記二次電池の劣化の程度に応じたレベルの表示電圧を前記判定電圧に基づいて生成する異常判別部を備え、
    　前記劣化表示部が、前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧ではなく、前記異常判別部で生成された表示電圧に基づいて前記二次電池の異常の有無および劣化の程度を表示する、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電池劣化判定装置。     Whether or not the secondary battery is abnormal is determined based on the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit and a predetermined threshold voltage, and is normal when the secondary battery is determined to be normal. An abnormality determination unit that generates a display voltage of a predetermined level to be generated and generates a display voltage of a level according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery when the secondary battery is determined to be abnormal With
    The deterioration display unit displays the presence / absence of the secondary battery and the degree of deterioration based on the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit instead of the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit,
    The battery deterioration determination device according to claim 1.
  5. 　前記劣化表示部が、直列に接続された複数のＬＥＤと、前記異常判別部で生成された表示電圧に応じた個数だけ当該複数のＬＥＤを発光させるＬＥＤ発光制御部とを有し、
    　前記異常判別部が、前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧が前記所定のしきい電圧以下である場合に前記表示電圧を前記複数のＬＥＤを全て消灯させる前記所定のレベルとし、前記判定電圧が前記所定のしきい電圧より大きい場合に前記二次電池の劣化の程度に応じた個数のＬＥＤを点灯させるレベルの前記表示電圧を前記判定電圧に基づいて生成する、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の電池劣化判定装置。     The deterioration display unit includes a plurality of LEDs connected in series, and an LED light emission control unit configured to emit the plurality of LEDs according to the number corresponding to the display voltage generated by the abnormality determination unit,
    When the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generation unit is equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold voltage, the abnormality determination unit sets the display voltage to the predetermined level that turns off the plurality of LEDs, and determines the determination voltage. Generating the display voltage at a level that turns on a number of LEDs according to the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery when the voltage is greater than the predetermined threshold voltage, based on the determination voltage;
    The battery deterioration determination device according to claim 4.
  6. 　前記判定電圧生成部が、前記交流電圧成分を増幅して整流することにより、前記判定電圧を生成し、
    　前記異常判別部が、
    　可変抵抗を含み、当該可変抵抗が所定の抵抗値に設定されることにより前記所定のしきい電圧が設定されるしきい電圧設定回路と、
    　前記しきい電圧設定回路で設定されたしきい電圧がベースに入力されるエミッタフォロアのＮＰＮトランジスタと、
    　アノードが前記ＮＰＮトランジスタのエミッタに接続された第１のダイオードと、
    　ベースとコレクタが接続された第１のＰＮＰトランジスタと当該第１のＰＮＰトランジスタとベース同士が接続された第２のＰＮＰトランジスタとで構成されており、前記第１のＰＮＰトランジスタと前記第２のＰＮＰトランジスタの両方のエミッタに前記判定電圧生成部で生成された判定電圧が入力されるカレントミラー回路と、
    　アノードが前記第１のＰＮＰトランジスタのコレクタに接続された第２のダイオードと、
    　前記第１のダイオードと前記第２のダイオードの両方のカソードに一端が接続されており、前記二次電池の負極の電位である基準電位が印加される電源ラインに他端が接続された第１の抵抗と、
    　前記第２のＰＮＰトランジスタのコレクタに一端が接続されており、前記電源ラインに他端が接続されており、当該一端に前記表示電圧を生じる第２の抵抗と、
    　を備える、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項４または５に記載の電池劣化判定装置。     The determination voltage generator generates the determination voltage by amplifying and rectifying the AC voltage component,
    The abnormality determination unit
    A threshold voltage setting circuit including a variable resistor, wherein the predetermined threshold voltage is set by setting the variable resistor to a predetermined resistance value;
    An emitter follower NPN transistor to which the threshold voltage set by the threshold voltage setting circuit is input to the base;
    A first diode having an anode connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor;
    A first PNP transistor having a base and a collector connected to each other, a second PNP transistor having a base connected to the first PNP transistor, and the first PNP transistor and the second PNP transistor. A current mirror circuit in which the determination voltage generated by the determination voltage generator is input to both emitters of the transistor;
    A second diode having an anode connected to the collector of the first PNP transistor;
    One end is connected to the cathodes of both the first diode and the second diode, and the other end is connected to a power supply line to which a reference potential that is a negative potential of the secondary battery is applied. Resistance of
    One end connected to the collector of the second PNP transistor, the other end connected to the power supply line, and a second resistor for generating the display voltage at the one end;
    Comprising
    The battery deterioration determination apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein
  7. 　前記判定電圧生成部が、
    　前記交流電圧成分または前記交流電圧成分が増幅された第１の中間交流電圧を増幅して第２の中間交流電圧を生成する増幅部と、
    　前記増幅部で生成される第２の中間交流電圧の正負の極性が反転した反転交流電圧を生成する反転部と、
    　前記増幅部で生成される第２の中間交流電圧と前記反転部で生成される反転交流電圧とに基づいて前記第２の中間交流電圧を２倍に増幅して整流し、前記判定電圧を生成する２倍増幅部と、
    　を備えることを特徴とする請求項１ないし６のいずれか１項に記載の電池劣化判定装置。     The determination voltage generator is
    An amplifying unit for amplifying the AC voltage component or the first intermediate AC voltage obtained by amplifying the AC voltage component to generate a second intermediate AC voltage;
    An inverting unit that generates an inverted AC voltage obtained by inverting the polarity of the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplifying unit;
    Based on the second intermediate AC voltage generated by the amplifying unit and the inverted AC voltage generated by the inverting unit, the second intermediate AC voltage is doubled and rectified to generate the determination voltage. A two-fold amplification unit,
    The battery deterioration determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
  8. 　請求項１ないし７のいずれか１項に記載の電池劣化判定装置と、
    　二次電池の正極と負極の間に前記電流を流す電源と、
    　を備えることを特徴とする充電器。     The battery deterioration determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    A power source for passing the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery;
    A charger comprising:
PCT/JP2017/017471 2016-06-10 2017-05-09 Battery degradation determination device and charger WO2017212844A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2016-115854 2016-06-10
JP2016115854A JP2017219495A (en) 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 Battery degradation determination device and charger
JP2016-164211 2016-08-25
JP2016164211A JP2018031678A (en) 2016-08-25 2016-08-25 Battery deterioration diagnosis device and charger

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5324293A (en) * 1976-08-19 1978-03-06 Fujitsu Ltd Dri ving circuit for light emitting diode
JPH1021968A (en) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-23 Nec Corp Secondary battery pack
JP2000341867A (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-08 Ntt Data Corp Method and apparatus for discriminating state of secondary battery
JP2004014403A (en) * 2002-06-10 2004-01-15 Nippon Soken Inc Deterioration determining device of rechargeable battery, vehicle and program provided with it and method for deterioration determination
JP2017078600A (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 河村電器産業株式会社 Storage battery degradation diagnostic device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5324293A (en) * 1976-08-19 1978-03-06 Fujitsu Ltd Dri ving circuit for light emitting diode
JPH1021968A (en) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-23 Nec Corp Secondary battery pack
JP2000341867A (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-08 Ntt Data Corp Method and apparatus for discriminating state of secondary battery
JP2004014403A (en) * 2002-06-10 2004-01-15 Nippon Soken Inc Deterioration determining device of rechargeable battery, vehicle and program provided with it and method for deterioration determination
JP2017078600A (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 河村電器産業株式会社 Storage battery degradation diagnostic device

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