WO2017131230A1 - 血小板産生促進剤及びそれを用いた血小板の製造方法 - Google Patents
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- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
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Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a platelet production promoter, a method for producing platelets, and the like.
- Blood cells are required for treatment of blood related diseases and surgical treatment.
- platelets platelet precursors (proplatelets), which are essential for blood coagulation (hemostasis), and megakaryocytes, which are cells that produce platelets, are cells with particularly high needs.
- platelets are in great demand for leukemia treatment, bone marrow transplantation, anticancer treatment, etc., and the need for a stable supply is high.
- feeder cells often use cells derived from species other than humans, and a method that does not use feeder cells is desirable for the production of platelets for administration to humans.
- Patent Document 1 As an example of a previously proposed method for producing platelets from hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro, a method of culturing megakaryocyte cells in the presence of TPO and an aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (Aryl Receptor; AhR) antagonist is proposed. (Patent Document 1).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel platelet production promoter and a method for producing platelets using the same.
- the present invention provides the following inventions.
- a platelet production promoter comprising one or more substances selected from the group consisting of a Wnt inhibitor and an FLT inhibitor.
- a method for producing platelets comprising a step of bringing one or more substances selected from the group consisting of a Wnt inhibitor and an FLT inhibitor into contact with megakaryocytes and / or progenitor cells thereof.
- the platelet production promoter of the present invention a platelet production promotion effect equivalent to or higher than that of an AhR antagonist can be obtained.
- the platelet production promoter of the present invention can exhibit a platelet production promoting effect comparable to that when feeder cells are used in the absence of a platelet production promoter even when feeder cells are not used. That is, it is considered that the platelet production promoting effect according to the present invention has an effect of substituting the role of feeder cells. Therefore, when the platelet production promoter according to the present invention is used, it becomes possible to culture megakaryocyte cells in a vertical large-sized culture apparatus, and to efficiently produce a large amount of platelets used in clinical practice.
- FIG. 1A is a configuration diagram of a template vector pBlueScriptII SK + (TUBB1-VENUS).
- FIG. 1B is a block diagram of pHL-H1-ccdB-mEF1a-RiH which is a guide vector. The target sequence inserted into the guide vector and the sequence in the vicinity thereof are shown as SEQ ID NO: 1.
- FIG. 2A shows the results of measuring the expression cell distribution of CD42b and CD41a in a reporter immortalized megakaryocyte strain (MKCL # 12-23 cre2) using a flow cytometer.
- MKCL # 12-23 cre2 reporter immortalized megakaryocyte strain
- FIG. 2B shows the results of measuring the expression cell distribution of CD42b and CD41a in a fraction in which platelet production was induced by culturing in a differentiation medium not containing doxycycline using a flow cytometer.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of comparison of the amount of platelet production in an immortalized megakaryocyte cell line cultured in a medium containing a predetermined concentration of C59 or TCS-359.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of comparison of the amount of platelet production in an immortalized megakaryocyte cell line cultured in a medium containing SR1, C59 or TCS-359.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of comparing the amount of platelet production in an immortalized megakaryocyte cell line cultured in a medium containing SR1, C59 or TCS-359 at a predetermined concentration under the condition where no feeder cells are used.
- the platelet production promoter according to the present invention contains, as an active ingredient, one or more substances selected from the group consisting of Wnt inhibitors and FLT inhibitors.
- Wnt is a secreted glycoprotein having a molecular weight of about 40,000.
- Wnt inhibitor refers to any substance that inhibits signal transduction (hereinafter simply referred to as “Wnt signal transduction”) activated by Wnt protein acting on a cell, for example, It means any substance that inhibits the expression or function (activity) of Wnt protein.
- WNT inhibitors include ⁇ -catenin, POLCN, casein kinase 1, tankyrase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 and the like, and are not intended to be limiting, but the following compounds may be used as WNT inhibitors.
- ⁇ -catenin ⁇ Calphostin C ⁇ Cardionogen 1 ⁇ CCT 031374 hydrobromide ⁇ FH 535 ⁇ ICG 001 ICRT 14 ⁇ IWP 4 ⁇ Endo-IWR 1 ⁇ Exo-IWR 1 ⁇ JW 67 ⁇ JW 74 New product ⁇ PNU 74654 ⁇ TAK 715 ⁇ WAY 316606 hydrochloride ⁇ XAV 939
- Casein kinase 1 ⁇ CKI 7 dihydrochloride ⁇ (R) -CR8 ⁇ D 4476 ⁇ (R) -DRF053 dihydrochloride ⁇ LH 846 ⁇ PF 4800567 hydrochloride ⁇ PF 670462 ⁇ TA 01 ⁇ TA 02 ⁇ TAK 715
- Glycogen synthase kinase 3 ⁇ 3F8 ⁇ A 1070722 ⁇ AR-A 014418 ⁇ BIO ⁇ BIO-acetoxime ⁇ CHIR 99021 ⁇ 10Z-Hymenialdisine ⁇ Indirubin-3'-oxime ⁇ Kenpaullone ⁇ L803 ⁇ L803-mts ⁇ MeBIO ⁇ NSC 693868 ⁇ SB 216763 ⁇ SB 415286 ⁇ TC-G 24 ⁇ TCS 2002 ⁇ TCS 21311 ⁇ TWS 119
- Non-limiting examples of Wnt inhibitors include compounds that inhibit any of the Wnt signaling pathways, such as C59 ((4- (2-Methyl-4-pyridinyl) -N- [4- (3-pyridinyl) phenyl ] benzeneacetamide) or its analogs, such as IWP 12, IWP 2, IWP L6, etc., or salts or derivatives thereof, anti-Wnt antibodies and antibody fragments thereof, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, RNA interference (hereinafter referred to as “RNAi”) ))
- the FLT inhibitor is TCS-359.
- FLT which is an FMS-like tyrosine kinase
- FLT1 to 4 FLT1 to 4 as its members.
- FLT inhibitor means any substance that inhibits the expression or function (activity) of FMS-like tyrosine kinase (FLT), particularly preferably FLT3.
- Non-limiting examples of FLT inhibitors include TCS-359 (2-[(3,4-Dimethoxybenzoyl) amino] -4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo [b] thiophene-3-carboxamide) or its analogs Or salts or derivatives thereof, anti-FLT antibodies and antibody fragments thereof, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, molecules that cause RNA interference (RNAi), and the like.
- the FLT inhibitor is preferably an FLT3 inhibitor, particularly TCS-359.
- the platelet production promoter may contain one or more of the above-mentioned inhibitors as active ingredients as long as the desired effect is exhibited.
- concentration of the inhibitor in the platelet production promoter is not particularly limited, and can be determined as appropriate by those skilled in the art.
- C59 is used as a Wnt inhibitor
- TCS-359 is used as a FLT3 inhibitor
- 1.0 nM to 1.0 mM, 10 nM to The amount may be 0.1 mM or 100 nM to 0.01 mM, but may be outside this range as long as the desired effect is obtained.
- protein expression is used in a concept including transcription and translation.
- inhibiting expression it means that all or part of expression is suppressed at the transcriptional level or translational level. means.
- the step of inhibiting the expression or function of Wnt or FLT can be performed using a known method or a method analogous thereto.
- a dominant negative method may be used as a method of inhibiting the function of Wnt or FLT.
- the dominant negative method expresses a large amount of Wnt protein and / or FLT protein whose activity has been reduced or lost by introducing mutations in the cell, and is considerably inactive against normal Wnt protein and / or FLT protein in the cell. This is a method of obtaining a cell that exhibits a behavior in which the function of the Wnt protein and / or the FLT protein cannot be obtained as a result of increasing the protein ratio overwhelmingly.
- anti-Wnt antibody or anti-FLT antibody may be used as a method for inhibiting the function of Wnt protein and / or FLT protein.
- anti-Wnt antibody or anti-FLT antibody a commercially available antibody produced by a known method can be used, and as long as the effect of the present invention is obtained through suppressing the function of the Wnt protein and / or FLT protein, Any antibody may be used.
- Examples of the method for suppressing the expression of Wnt protein and / or FLT protein include a method using miRNA that suppresses the expression of Wnt gene or FLT gene.
- the miRNA may act directly on the Wnt gene or FLT gene, or may act indirectly.
- MiRNA is a short (20-25 base) non-coding RNA present in cells involved in the regulation of gene expression through inhibition of translation from mRNA to protein and degradation of mRNA. This miRNA is transcribed as a single-difference pri-miRNA that can take a hairpin loop structure containing miRNA and its complementary strand, and a part of it is cut into a pre-miRNA by an enzyme called Drosha in the nucleus. After being transported outside the nucleus, it is further cleaved by Dicer and functions. Therefore, let-7 or miR181a used in the present invention may be a single-stranded pri-miRNA or a double-stranded pre-miRNA.
- an antisense method As a method for suppressing the expression of the Wnt gene or the FLT gene, an antisense method, a ribozyme method, an RNAi method, or the like may be used.
- the antisense method has a base sequence complementary to a target gene (basically, mRNA which is a transcription product), generally 10 to 100 bases long, preferably 15 to 30 bases long. This is a method of suppressing gene expression using a single-stranded nucleic acid.
- a target gene basically, mRNA which is a transcription product
- the antisense nucleic acid may not be completely complementary to the target gene as long as the effect of inhibiting the expression of the target gene is obtained.
- Antisense nucleic acids can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art using known software or the like.
- the antisense nucleic acid may be any of DNA, RNA, DNA-RNA chimera, and may be modified.
- Ribozymes are nucleic acid molecules that catalytically hydrolyze target RNA, and are composed of an antisense region having a sequence complementary to the target RNA and a catalytic center region responsible for the cleavage reaction.
- the ribozyme can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art according to known methods. Ribozymes are generally RNA molecules, but DNA-RNA chimeric molecules can also be used.
- RNAi method is a sequence-specific gene expression suppression mechanism induced by double-stranded nucleic acid.
- the target specificity is very high, and it is highly safe because it uses a gene expression suppression mechanism that originally exists in vivo.
- Examples of the double-stranded nucleic acid having an RNAi effect include siRNA.
- siRNA When used for mammalian cells, siRNA is a double-stranded RNA of usually about 19 to 30 bases, preferably about 21 to 25 bases.
- a double-stranded nucleic acid having an RNAi effect has one base sequence complementary to a part of the target nucleic acid and the other complementary sequence.
- the siRNA that suppresses the expression of Wnt or FLT can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art using known software and the like, and the target sequence used in the examples described later is exemplified as one of the double-stranded nucleic acid sequences.
- the siRNA that suppresses the expression of Wnt or FLT acts indirectly, even if it acts directly on the Wnt gene or FLT gene (including a sequence complementary to a part of the Wnt gene or FLT gene) (Suppresses the expression of genes other than Wnt gene or FLT gene, and consequently suppresses the expression of Wnt gene or FLT gene).
- siRNA, antisense nucleic acid, and ribozyme can be expressed in a cell by introducing a vector (eg, a lentiviral vector) containing the nucleic acid encoding each into the cell. Can also be introduced into cells. When introduced in the form of RNA, for example, it may be introduced into cells by known methods such as lipofection and microinjection, and RNA that incorporates 5-methylcytidine and pseudoouridine (TriLink Biotechnologies) to suppress RNA degradation (Warren L, (2010) 2010Cell Stem Cell.7: 618-630), or DNA-RNA chimera into which DNA is incorporated may be used.
- the positions of the modified bases can be all or part of the uridine and cytidine independently, and if they are part of the base, they can be random positions at an arbitrary ratio.
- a vector containing a nucleic acid encoding siRNA a vector containing a DNA encoding each of the double strands may be used, or a DNA encoding a single-stranded nucleic acid formed by linking double-stranded nucleic acids via a loop A vector containing may be used.
- siRNA single-stranded RNA obtained by transcription in a cell may be designed such that its complementary portion hybridizes within the molecule and takes a hairpin type structure. Such RNA is called shRNA (short hairpin RNA). When shRNA moves into the cytoplasm, the loop part is cleaved by the enzyme (Dicer) and becomes siRNA and exerts an RNAi effect.
- siRNA siRNA or miRNA ultimately suppresses expression
- siRNA, shRNA or miRNA is transferred to cells as RNA.
- a vector containing a nucleic acid encoding siRNA, shRNA or miRNA may be administered.
- RNA When siRNA or shRNA against Wnt gene or FLT gene is introduced by a vector or the like, the expression of the RNA may be controlled by a drug-responsive promoter.
- a vector capable of controlling such RNA to be drug responsive can be obtained from Takara Bio Inc., for example.
- introducing the RNA means contacting the corresponding drug and expressing the RNA in the cell.
- the platelet production promoter of the present invention can increase the amount of platelet production from megakaryocytes.
- inhibitors that increase platelet count significantly compared to a negative control for example, 10% or more, 20% or more, 50% or more, 100%, or 200% or more are present. It is preferable as an active ingredient of the platelet production promoter of the invention.
- the platelet production promoter of the present invention may be used alone or in combination with other known platelet production promoter substances.
- the timing for adding the platelet production promoter is not particularly limited as long as the desired effect is obtained.
- a platelet production promoter may be added to megakaryocytes before or after multinucleation, particularly to megakaryocytes during platelet production.
- the platelet production promoter of the present invention may further contain an aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist as an active ingredient.
- aromatic hydrocarbon receptor AhR
- AhR is a transcription factor belonging to the Per / ARNT / SIM (PAS) family. AhR is inactive when no ligand is bound, and moves into the nucleus when an aromatic hydrocarbon compound binds as a ligand. It forms a heterodimer with a molecule called ARNT (AhR (Nuclear Translocator) in the nucleus and activates transcription by binding to a foreign response element (Xenobiotic response element; XRE) on DNA.
- ARNT Xenobiotic response element
- Non-limiting examples of AhR antagonists used in the present invention include: 4- (2- (2- (benzo [b] thiophen-3-yl) -9-isopropyl-9H-purin-6-ylamino) ethyl) phenol (SR1); ⁇ ⁇ -naphthoflavone ⁇ 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone ⁇ 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone ⁇ 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone ⁇ galangin -Resveratrol-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methyl-4-o-tolylazo-phenyl) -amide (CH-223191); N- [2- (3H-indol-3-yl) ethyl] -9-isopropyl-2- (5-methyl-3-pyridyl) purin-6-amine (GNF351); ⁇ 2- (29-amino-39-methoxyphenyl) -
- the concentration of the AhR antagonist in the platelet production promoter is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art. For example, when using SR1, 200 nM or more and less than 1000 mM, CH223191 using 0.2 ⁇ M or more and less than 4 ⁇ M, using GNF351, 20 nM or more and less than 300 nM, using TMF, using 2.5 ⁇ M or more and less than 40 ⁇ M, using DMF, 2.5 ⁇ M If the range is less than 40 ⁇ M, the platelet function obtained can be enhanced, but the amount may be outside this range as long as the desired effect is achieved.
- the platelet production promoter of the present invention may further contain a ROCK inhibitor.
- a ROCK inhibitor Combining a Wnt inhibitor and / or FLT inhibitor with a ROCK inhibitor increases the number of platelets produced and synergistically increases the function of the resulting platelets.
- the Wnt inhibitor and / or the FLT inhibitor and the ROCK inhibitor may be included in the platelet production promoter of the present invention, or either or both may be used separately from the platelet production promoter.
- ROCK inhibitor means an antagonist of Rho-associated coiled-coilcoforming kinase (ROCK).
- ROCK inhibitors include Y27632, Y39983, Fasudil hydrochloride, Ripasudil, SLX-2119, RKI-1447, azaindole1, SR-3677, Staurosporine, H1152 dihydrochloride, AR-12286, INS-117548, etc. It is not limited to.
- oncogenes, polycomb genes, and apoptosis-suppressing genes are forcibly expressed to produce immortalized megakaryocytes, and then forced expression is released to promote multinucleation of immortalized megakaryocytes.
- the method for producing platelets according to the present invention includes a step of bringing a platelet production promoter into contact with megakaryocytes and / or precursor cells thereof. Contact between the platelet production promoter and the cells can be performed in a medium.
- the “megakaryocyte” is the largest cell present in the bone marrow in vivo and is characterized by releasing platelets.
- the cell surface markers CD41a, CD42a, and CD42b are positively characterized, and in addition, a marker selected from the group consisting of CD9, CD61, CD62p, CD42c, CD42d, CD49f, CD51, CD110, CD123, CD131, and CD203c May be further expressed.
- a “megakaryocyte” has a genome 16 to 32 times that of a normal cell when multinucleated (multiploidy).
- the term “megakaryocyte” has the above characteristics. As long as it is, it includes both multinucleated megakaryocytes and pre-multinucleated megakaryocytes. “Pre-multinucleated megakaryocyte” is also synonymous with “immature megakaryocyte” or “proliferative megakaryocyte”.
- Megakaryocyte cells can be obtained by various known methods.
- Non-limiting examples of the method for producing megakaryocyte cells include the method described in International Publication No. 2011/034073.
- an immortalized megakaryocyte cell line that proliferates indefinitely can be obtained by forcibly expressing an oncogene and a polycomb gene in “an undifferentiated cell than a megakaryocyte”.
- apoptosis suppression is performed on “an undifferentiated cell than a megakaryocyte cell”, that is, a megakaryocyte progenitor cell (also simply referred to as “progenitor cell” in the present specification).
- Immortalized megakaryocyte cells can also be obtained by forcedly expressing the gene. These immortalized megakaryocyte cells are polynucleated by releasing the forced expression of the gene and release platelets.
- the methods described in the above documents may be combined.
- the forced expression of the oncogene, polycomb gene, and apoptosis-suppressing gene may be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
- a multinucleated megakaryocyte cell may be obtained by forcibly expressing an oncogene and a polycomb gene, suppressing the forced expression, then forcibly expressing an apoptosis suppressing gene, and suppressing the forced expression.
- multinucleated megakaryocyte cells can be obtained by forcibly expressing an oncogene, a polycomb gene, and an apoptosis-suppressing gene at the same time and simultaneously suppressing the forced expression.
- an oncogene and a polycomb gene are forcibly expressed, followed by forcibly expressing an apoptosis-inhibiting gene, and the forcible expression is simultaneously suppressed to obtain multinucleated megakaryocyte cells.
- cells that are undifferentiated from megakaryocytes are cells having the ability to differentiate into megakaryocytes, and various differentiation stages from hematopoietic stem cell lines to megakaryocytes. Means cells.
- Non-limiting examples of cells that are undifferentiated from megakaryocytes include hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, CD34 positive cells, megakaryocytes / erythroid progenitor cells (MEP).
- These cells can be obtained by isolation from, for example, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and peripheral blood, and further obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells such as ES cells and iPS cells, which are more undifferentiated cells. You can also.
- oncogene refers to a gene that induces canceration of a cell in a living body, such as a MYC family gene (eg, c-MYC, N-MYC, L-MYC), SRC family.
- MYC family gene eg, c-MYC, N-MYC, L-MYC
- protein kinase family genes such as genes, RAS family genes, RAF family genes, c-Kit, PDGFR, and Abl.
- the “polycomb gene” is known as a gene that negatively regulates the CDKN2a (INK4a / ARF) gene and functions to avoid cell aging (Ogura et al., Regenerative Medicine vol.6, No .4, pp26-32; Jseus et al., Jseus et al., Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology vol.7, pp667-677, 2006; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA vol.100, pp211-216, 2003 ).
- Non-limiting examples of polycomb genes include BMI1, Mel18, Ring1a / b, Phc1 / 2/3, Cbx2 / 4/6/7/8, Ezh2, Eed, Suz12, HADC, Dnmt1 / 3a / 3b .
- apoptosis-suppressing gene refers to a gene having a function of suppressing cell apoptosis, and examples thereof include a BCL2 gene, a BCL-xL gene, a Survivin gene, and an MCL1 gene.
- Wnt protein and / or FLT protein Wnt protein and / or FLT protein are from the viewpoint of performing further multinucleation in multinucleated megakaryocyte cells.
- Wnt protein and / or FLT protein Wnt protein and / or Inhibition of FLT protein expression or function may be performed.
- Wnt protein and / or FLT protein Wnt protein and polynuclearization and hypertrophy of megakaryocytes are promoted and the number of platelets produced per cell increases dramatically. It is preferable to suppress the expression or function of FLT protein.
- an oncogenic gene, a polycomb gene, and an apoptosis-inhibiting gene are forcibly expressed to produce an immortalized megakaryocyte, and then the forced expression is canceled and the multinucleated immortalized megakaryocyte is multinucleated.
- the start of suppression of expression or function of the Wnt protein and / or FLT protein Wnt protein and / or FLT protein is particularly limited before or after the forced release of the gene. However, it is preferable that the expression or function of Wnt protein and / or FLT protein is suppressed at least after forced expression is canceled.
- the number of CD41a positive cells that is, the number of megakaryocytes before multinucleation tends to decrease.
- the start of suppression of expression or function of Wnt protein and / or FLT protein is after forced release of the gene.
- the method for producing platelets according to the present invention includes a step of contacting megakaryocytes and an aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist. Contacting the AhR antagonist with the cells can be done in culture medium.
- AhR aromatic hydrocarbon receptor
- the period of forced expression is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art.
- cells may be subcultured after forced expression, and the period from the last passage to the date of canceling forced expression is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 day, 2 days, or 3 days or more. .
- the contact with the AhR antagonist is carried out at least on multinucleated megakaryocyte cells.
- oncogenes, polycomb genes, and apoptosis-suppressing genes are forcibly expressed to produce immortalized megakaryocytes, and then forced expression is released to promote multinucleation of immortalized megakaryocytes.
- the period of culturing megakaryocyte cells in the presence of an AhR antagonist is not particularly limited.
- an AhR antagonist is added to the medium after release of the forced expression, functional platelets are gradually released from the third day after the AhR antagonist is added to the medium, and the number increases with the number of culture days. Go.
- SR1 was added as an AhR antagonist, platelets with particularly high function tended to be obtained when cultured for 5 days. However, the number of culture days may be shorter or longer as long as functional platelets are obtained.
- the period until the AhR antagonist is added to the medium after the forced expression of the above gene in megakaryocytes is not particularly limited, for example, the culture in the presence of the AhR antagonist is started within 1 day, 2 days, or 3 days. May be.
- the AhR antagonist may be added to the medium one or more times during the culture period.
- an AhR antagonist may be used in combination with a ROCK inhibitor and contacted with megakaryocytes.
- an AhR antagonist When an AhR antagonist is combined with a ROCK inhibitor and contacted with megakaryocytes, platelets with enhanced function can be obtained synergistically.
- the AhR antagonist and the ROCK inhibitor may be added simultaneously, or either may be added first.
- oncogenes, polycomb genes, and apoptosis-suppressing genes are forcibly expressed to produce immortalized megakaryocytes, and then forced expression is released to promote multinucleation of immortalized megakaryocytes.
- the method for producing platelets according to the present invention includes a step of culturing megakaryocyte cells in which the expression or function of Wnt protein and / or FLT protein is suppressed, and the culturing step is performed in the presence of an AhR antagonist. You may go on. The culture step may be further performed in the presence of a ROCK inhibitor. Moreover, you may perform a culture process without a feeder cell.
- the culture conditions for megakaryocytes can be normal conditions.
- the temperature is about 35 ° C. ⁇ about 42 ° C., about 36 ° C. ⁇ about 40 ° C., or can be from about 37 ° C. ⁇ about 39 ° C., may be 5% CO 2 and / or 20% O 2. It may be stationary culture or shaking culture.
- the shaking speed in the case of shaking culture is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 10 rpm to 200 rpm, 30 rpm to 150 rpm, and the like.
- the megakaryocyte cells mature and platelets are produced from the cytoplasm.
- maturation of megakaryocyte cells means that the megakaryocyte cells become multinucleated and can release platelets.
- the function of platelets can be measured and evaluated by a known method.
- platelets activated using PAC-1 antibody an antibody that specifically binds to the activation marker Integrin Integr ⁇ IIB ⁇ 3 (glycoprotein IIb / IIIa; CD41a and CD61 complex) present on the activated platelet membrane
- the amount can be measured.
- CD62b P-selectin
- CD62b P-selectin
- ADP adenosine diphosphate
- the evaluation of platelet function can be performed by checking whether or not it binds to fibrinogen in the presence of ADP. Binding of fibrinogen to platelets results in integrin activation required early in thrombus formation. Furthermore, the evaluation of platelet function can also be performed by visualizing and observing the ability of thrombus formation in vivo as shown in FIG. 6 of WO 2011/034073.
- the expressions “highly functional platelets”, “high platelet function”, and “functional platelets” mean at least one of the above methods compared to platelets obtained by conventional methods.
- the platelet function measured by one is significantly high, or if it is not significantly high, it tends to be high, or a person skilled in the art can judge that the function is equivalent to that of platelets isolated from a living body. means.
- the expression “highly functional platelets” or “high platelet function” means that the platelet function measured by at least one of the above methods is 50% or more of natural platelets, 60% % Or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more.
- the medium for culturing megakaryocyte cells is not particularly limited, and a known medium suitable for producing platelets from megakaryocyte cells or a medium equivalent thereto can be appropriately used.
- a medium used for animal cell culture can be prepared as a basal medium.
- basal media include IMDM medium, MediumMedi199 medium, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) medium, ⁇ MEM medium, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) medium, Ham's F12 medium, RPMI 1640 medium, Fischer Life's medium, Neurosal's medium ) And mixed media thereof.
- the medium may contain serum or plasma, or may be serum-free. If necessary, the medium can be, for example, albumin, insulin, transferrin, selenium, fatty acids, trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol, thiolglycerol, monothioglycerol (MTG), lipids, amino acids (eg L-glutamine), ascorbic acid It may also contain one or more substances such as heparin, non-essential amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, low molecular weight compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts, cytokines and the like. Cytokines are proteins that promote blood cell differentiation.
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- TPO thrombopoietin
- SCF Stem Cell Cell Factor
- ITS insulin-transferrin-selenite Supplements
- ADAM inhibitors etc.
- a preferable medium in the present invention is an IMDM medium containing serum, insulin, transferrin, serine, thiolglycerol, ascorbic acid, and TPO.
- SCF may be included, and heparin may also be included.
- TPO and SCF are preferably used in combination.
- TPO can be about 10 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL
- SCF is about 10 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL
- Heparin can be about 10 U / mL to about 100 U / mL, or about 25 U / mL.
- Phorbol esters eg, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate; PMA may be added.
- human serum When using serum, human serum is desirable. Further, human plasma or the like may be used instead of serum. According to the method of the present invention, even if these components are used, platelets equivalent to those obtained using serum can be obtained.
- Tet-on registered trademark
- Tet-off registered trademark
- An agent such as tetracycline or doxycycline may be contained in the medium, and forced expression may be suppressed by removing them from the medium.
- the step of culturing megakaryocyte cells in the present invention can be carried out without feeder cells. As shown in Examples described later, according to the method of the present invention, functional platelets can be obtained even if cultured without feeder cells.
- the “feeder cell” refers to a cell that is co-cultured with a target cell in order to prepare an environment necessary for culturing a cell (target cell) to be proliferated or differentiated.
- the feeder cell is a cell that can be distinguished from the target cell
- the feeder cell includes cells derived from the same species and cells derived from a different species.
- the feeder cells may be cells that have been treated not to grow with antibiotics or gamma rays, or cells that have not been treated.
- the present invention also includes platelets produced by the method according to the present invention.
- the platelets produced by the method according to the present invention as shown in the examples described later, have developed an open tubule system in comparison with platelets produced in vitro by the conventional method, and can also confirm mitochondria. It is recognized to be morphologically close to natural platelets.
- the method for producing a platelet preparation according to the present invention comprises a step of culturing megakaryocyte cells by the method according to the present invention to produce platelets, recovering a fraction rich in platelets from the culture, and from the platelet fraction. Removing blood cell components other than platelets.
- the step of removing blood cell components is performed by removing blood cell components other than platelets including megakaryocytes using a leukocyte removal filter (eg, Terumo, Asahi Kasei Medical). Can do.
- a leukocyte removal filter eg, Terumo, Asahi Kasei Medical
- the method for producing a blood product according to the present invention includes a step of producing a platelet product by the method according to the present invention, and a step of mixing the platelet product with other components.
- other components include red blood cells.
- the present invention also includes a composition comprising a multinucleated megakaryocyte, an AhR antagonist, and a medium.
- a composition comprising a multinucleated megakaryocyte, an AhR antagonist, and a medium.
- highly functional platelets can be obtained, or it can be stored frozen.
- the composition may contain DMSO, glycerol, a commercially available cell freezing reagent, and the like that protect cells during freezing.
- highly functional platelets can be obtained.
- the iPS cell immortalized megakaryocyte strain (MKCL SeV2) is obtained by the Sendai virus vector according to the method described in Nakamura, et al. Cell Stem Cell, 2014, according to the method described in WO2010 / 134526 by iPS cell (SeV2: neonate human fibroblast).
- Cells prepared by introducing -MYC, OCT3 / 4, SOX2 and KLF4) were prepared by introducing Bcl-xL, c? Myc and Bmi1.
- iPS cells (MK iPS # 12) were produced from an immortalized megakaryocyte strain (MKCL SeV2).
- the obtained iPS cells (MK iPS # 12) were obtained from StemFit (registered trademark) AK03 (Ajinomoto) and laminin 511 (iMatrix 511) according to the method described in Nakagawa M, et al, Sci Rep. 8; 4: 3594, 2014. (Nippi)).
- Homologous recombination iPS cells (MK iPS # 12) were detached with TrypLE (registered trademark) Select, and 0.8 x 10 6 cells were divided into 1.7 ⁇ g template vector (Fig. 1A), 1.7 ⁇ g guide vector (Fig. 1B) and 1.7 ⁇ g cas9 vector.
- PHL-EF1a-SphcCas9-iC-A received from Dr. Horita, Kyoto University iPS Cell Research Laboratories
- mixed the vector into cells by electroporation using Human Stem Cell Nucleofector (registered trademark) Kit 2 (Lonza) and Nucleofector Introduced.
- the obtained MK iPS # 12-23 was mixed with 5 ⁇ g cre expression vector (pCXW-Cre-Puro, received from Dr. Horita, Kyoto University iPS Cell Laboratory), and Human Stem Cell Nucleofector (registered trademark) Kit 2 ( The vector was introduced into the cells by electroporation using Lonza) and Nucleofector. After electroporation, it was suspended in StemFit (registered trademark) AK03, seeded in a 10 cm dish coated with laminin 511, and cultured under conditions of 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 . Nine days later, a plurality of colonies were picked up and divided into two.
- Hematopoietic progenitor cells were induced from iPS cells (MK iPS # 12-23 cre2) derived from an immortalized megakaryocyte cell line via iPS-sac. Specifically, iPS cells were detached from the culture dish using a cell scraper, and about 1/20 of the cells as colony clumps treated with mitomycin C (MMC) on C3H10T1 / 2 (available from RIKEN) Sowing. The MMC-treated C3H10T1 / 2 was prepared by seeding 10 cm dish at 8 ⁇ 10 5 cells / dish the day before iPS cell seeding.
- MMC mitomycin C
- EBM Eagel's Basal Medium
- 20 ng / ml VEGF 20 ng / ml VEGF in an environment of 5% O 2 , 5% CO 2 and 37 ° C. (day 0).
- the medium was changed with the same medium twice / week.
- the cells were physically detached using a cell scraper or pipette tip, and cells of a uniform size were collected through a 40 micrometer cell strainer.
- Immortalized megakaryocyte strains obtained by the above-described method were 0.75 ⁇ M StemRegenin1 (SR1) (Selleckchem), 10 ⁇ M Y-27632 (wako), 50 ng / ml TPO (R & D) and 50 ng / ml SCF ( After culturing in a differentiation medium supplemented with R & D) for 7 days and suspending the cells, the cells were collected from the culture supernatant, stained with anti-CD41 antibody and anti-CD42b antibody, and analyzed by FACS. Similarly, FACS analysis was performed on cells in the middle of induction. As a result, it was confirmed on day 7 of culture that both CD41 and CD42b positive megakaryocytes were induced and platelets were produced from the megakaryocytes (FIG. 2).
- MKCL V SeV2 from which the above reporter immortalized megakaryocyte cell line (MKCL # 12-23 cre2) was derived in 6 well dish, WNT or FLT3 inhibitor, 10 ⁇ M Y-27632, 50 ng / ml TPO and 50 ng In differentiation medium supplemented with / ml SCF, or in differentiation media supplemented with 0.75 ⁇ M SR1, 10 ⁇ M Y-27632, 50 ng / ml TPO and 50 ng / ml SCF (positive control), or 0.1% DMSO, 10 ⁇ M Culture in differentiation medium (negative control) supplemented with Y-27632, 50 ng / ml TPO and 50 ng / ml SCF, suspend the culture solution on the 7th day of culture, collect the supernatant, anti-CD41 antibody and It was stained with anti-CD42b antibody and analyzed by FACS.
- the Wnt inhibitor and the FLT3 inhibitor are potent platelet inducers.
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Abstract
Description
(1)Wnt阻害剤及びFLT阻害剤から成る群より選択される1又は複数の物質を含む、血小板産生促進剤。
(2)Wnt阻害剤がC59である、(1)に記載の血小板産生促進剤。
(3)FLT阻害剤がFLT3阻害剤である、(1)に記載の血小板産生促進剤。
(4)更にROCK阻害剤を含む、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の血小板産生促進剤。
(5)Wnt阻害剤及びFLT阻害剤から成る群より選択される1又は複数の物質と巨核球細胞及び/又はその前駆細胞とを接触させる工程を含む、血小板の製造方法。
(6)Wnt阻害剤がC59である、(5)に記載の方法。
(7)FLT阻害剤がFLT3阻害剤である、(5)に記載の方法。
(8)更にROCK阻害剤と前記巨核球細胞又はその前駆細胞とを接触させる工程を含む、(5)~(7)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(9)前記巨核球細胞が不死化巨核球細胞である、(5)~(8)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(10)前記多能性幹細胞がiPS細胞である、(9)に記載の方法。
(11)前記iPS細胞がヒト由来である、(10)に記載の方法。
本発明に係る血小板産生促進剤は、有効成分として、Wnt阻害剤及びFLT阻害剤から成る群より選択される1又は複数の物質を含む。Wntは分子量約4万の分泌型の糖タンパク質である。本明細書で使用する場合、「Wnt阻害剤」とは、Wntタンパク質が細胞に作用することにより活性化されるシグナル伝達(以下、単に「Wntシグナル伝達」という)を阻害する任意の物質、例えばWntタンパク質の発現又は機能(活性)を阻害する任意の物質を意味する。WNT阻害剤のターゲットとしてはβカテニン、PORCN、カゼインキナーゼ1、タンキラーゼ、グリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼ3等が挙げられ、限定することを意図するものではないが、以下の化合物がWNT阻害剤として使用され得る。
βカテニン:
・Calphostin C
・Cardionogen 1
・CCT 031374 hydrobromide
・FH 535
・ICG 001
・iCRT 14
・IWP 4
・endo-IWR 1
・exo-IWR 1
・JW 67
・JW 74 New product
・PNU 74654
・TAK 715
・WAY 316606 hydrochloride
・XAV 939
・IWP 12
・IWP 2
・IWP L6
・Wnt-C59
・CKI 7 dihydrochloride
・(R)-CR8
・D 4476
・(R)-DRF053 dihydrochloride
・LH 846
・PF 4800567 hydrochloride
・PF 670462
・TA 01
・TA 02
・TAK 715
・JW 55
・MN 64
・TC-E 5001
・WIKI4
・XAV 939
・3F8
・A 1070722
・AR-A 014418
・BIO
・BIO-acetoxime
・CHIR 99021
・10Z-Hymenialdisine
・Indirubin-3'-oxime
・Kenpaullone
・L803
・L803-mts
・MeBIO
・NSC 693868
・SB 216763
・SB 415286
・TC-G 24
・TCS 2002
・TCS 21311
・TWS 119
・4-(2-(2-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-9-isopropyl-9H-purin-6-ylamino)ethyl)phenol(SR1);
・αナフトフラボン
・1,4-ジヒドロキシアントラキノン
・1,5-ジヒドロキシアントラキノン
・1,8-ジヒドロキシアントラキノン
・galangin
・レスベラトロール
・2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid(2-methyl-4-o-tolylazo-phenyl)-amide(CH-223191);
・N-[2-(3H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-9-isopropyl-2-(5-methyl-3-pyridyl)purin-6-amine(GNF351);
・2-(29-amino-39-methoxyphenyl)-oxanaphthalen-4-one(PD98059);
・(Z)-3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylidenyl]-2-indolinone(TSU-16);
・2-(29-amino-39-methoxyphenyl)-oxanaphthalen-4-one(PD98059);及び
・6,2’,4’-trimethoxyflavone(TMF)
・3’,4’-dimethoxyflavone(DMF)
他に、国際公開第2012/015914号にAhRアンタゴニストとして記載されている化合物を用いることもできる。
本発明に係る血小板の製造方法は、血小板産生促進剤と巨核球細胞及び/又はその前駆細胞とを接触させる工程を含む。血小板産生促進剤と細胞との接触は培地中で行うことができる。本明細書において「巨核球細胞」とは、生体内においては骨髄中に存在する最大の細胞であり、血小板を放出することを特徴とする。また、細胞表面マーカーCD41a、CD42a、及びCD42b陽性で特徴づけられ、他に、CD9、CD61、CD62p、CD42c、CD42d、CD49f、CD51、CD110、CD123、CD131、及びCD203cからなる群より選択されるマーカーをさらに発現していることもある。「巨核球細胞」は、多核化(多倍体化)すると、通常の細胞の16~32倍のゲノムを有するが、本明細書において、単に「巨核球細胞」という場合、上記の特徴を備えている限り、多核化した巨核球細胞と多核化前の巨核球細胞の双方を含む。「多核化前の巨核球細胞」は、「未熟な巨核球細胞」、又は「増殖期の巨核球細胞」とも同義である。
不死化巨核球株(MKCL SeV2)は、Nakamura, et al. Cell Stem Cell,2014に記載の方法に従い、iPS細胞(SeV2: neonate human fibroblastへWO2010/134526の方法に従って、センダイウィルスベクターによりc-MYC, OCT3/4, SOX2およびKLF4を導入することによって作製した細胞) にBcl-xL、c?MycおよびBmi1を導入することで調製した。Okita K, et al, Stem Cells. 31(3):458-466, 2013に記載の方法に従って、不死化巨核球株(MKCL SeV2)からiPS細胞(MK iPS #12)を製造した。得られたiPS細胞(MK iPS #12)は、Nakagawa M, et al, Sci Rep. 8;4:3594, 2014に記載の方法に従って、StemFit(登録商標)AK03(Ajinomoto)及びlaminin 511(iMatrix 511(Nippi))を用いて培養した。
iPS細胞(MK iPS #12)をTrypLE(登録商標) Select にて剥離し、0.8 x106個を1.7μg template vector(図1A)、1.7μg guide vector(図1B)及び1.7μg cas9 vector(pHL-EF1a-SphcCas9-iC-A、京都大学iPS細胞研究所 堀田博士より受領)と混和し、Human Stem Cell Nucleofector(登録商標) Kit 2(Lonza)及びNucleofectorを用いてelectroporationにより細胞にベクターを導入した。electroporation後、StemFit(登録商標) AK03で懸濁、laminin 511をコーティングした10cm dishに播種し、37℃ 5%CO2 条件下で培養した。3日後、puromycineを1ng/mlとなるように培地に添加し培養を継続した。7日後、形成したコロニーをピックアップし、得られた各コロニーからQIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN)を用いてDNAを抽出し、プライマー(TUBB1 insert check Fw及びRv、5-1 insert check Fw及び5-1.2 insert check Rv、ならびに3-1.2 insert check Fw及び3-2 insert check Rv、配列は表1に示す)を用いてGenotyping PCRにより相同組換えを確認した。ホモで相同組換えができたiPS細胞株を拡大培養し、MK iPS#12-23として樹立した。
iPS細胞(MK iPS #12-23 cre2)より、iPS-sacを介して造血前駆細胞(HPC)の誘導を行った。詳細には、iPS細胞をセルスクレーパーを用いて培養皿から細胞を剥離させ、1/20程度の細胞を、コロニーの塊として、マイトマイシンC(MMC)処理したC3H10T1/2(理研から入手可能)上へ播種した。なお、MMC処理したC3H10T1/2は、iPS細胞を播種する前日に8x105cells / dishで10cm dishへ播種して用意した。播種後、20 ng / ml VEGFを添加したEagel’s Basal Medium (EBM)中で5% O2、5% CO2、37℃環境下で培養を開始した(day0)。2回/1週間の頻度で同じ培地にて培地交換を行った。
上述の方法で得られた不死化巨核球株を0.75 μM StemRegenin1(SR1)(Selleckchem)、10 μM Y-27632(wako)、50 ng/ml TPO(R&D)及び50 ng/ml SCF(R&D)を添加した分化培地中で7日間培養し、細胞を懸濁後、培養上清より細胞を回収し、抗CD41抗体及び抗CD42b抗体で染色しFACSにて解析した。同様に、誘導途中の細胞もFACS解析を行なった。その結果、培養7日目に、CD41及びCD42b両陽性の巨核球が誘導され、当該巨核球から血小板が産生されていることを確認した(図2)。
続いて、Wnt阻害剤及びFLT3阻害剤の血小板産生促進効果を検討した。上記レポーター不死化巨核球細胞株(MKCL#12-23 cre2)を96well dishにて、所定の濃度の各種阻害剤、10 μM Y-27632、50 ng/ml TPO及び50 ng/ml SCFを添加した分化培地中、又は0.75 μM SR1、10 μM Y-27632、50 ng/ml TPO及び50 ng/ml SCFを添加した分化培地中(陽性コントロール)、又は0.1% DMSO、10 μM Y-27632、50 ng/ml TPO及び50 ng/ml SCFを添加した分化培地中(陰性コントロール)で培養し、培養7日目に細胞のVENUSの蛍光強度を測定したところ、Wnt阻害剤およびFLT3阻害薬を添加した培地では蛍光強度が増加した。各阻害剤を用いた場合の血小板数を、陽性コントールでの血小板数(100%とする)及び陰性コントロールでの血小板数(0%とする)で補正して、相対蛍光強度を算出した結果を図3に示す。
Claims (12)
- Wnt阻害剤及びFMS様チロシンキナーゼ(FLT)阻害剤から成る群より選択される1又は複数の物質を含む、血小板産生促進剤。
- Wnt阻害剤がC59である、請求項1に記載の血小板産生促進剤。
- FLT阻害剤がFLT3阻害剤である、請求項1に記載の血小板産生促進剤。
- 更にROCK阻害剤を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の血小板産生促進剤。
- Wnt阻害剤及びFLT阻害剤から成る群より選択される1又は複数の物質と巨核球細胞及び/又はその前駆細胞とを接触させる工程を含む、血小板の製造方法。
- Wnt阻害剤がC59である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- FLT阻害剤がFLT3阻害剤である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 更にROCK阻害剤と前記巨核球細胞及び/又はその前駆細胞と接触させる工程を含む、請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記巨核球細胞が不死化巨核球細胞である、請求項5~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記巨核球細胞が多能性幹細胞に由来する、請求項9に記載の細胞。
- 前記多能性幹細胞がiPS細胞である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記iPS細胞がヒト由来である、請求項11に記載の方法。
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