WO2017159464A1 - 多能性幹細胞からの心臓前駆細胞と心筋細胞の製造方法 - Google Patents
多能性幹細胞からの心臓前駆細胞と心筋細胞の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes from ES cells and iPS cells, and cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes produced by the method.
- Heart disease continues to increase with aging, and the incidence of heart failure among men over 80 years old is as high as 14.7%.
- the heart is composed of cells such as cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, the cardiomyocytes responsible for the pulsatile function have little or no regenerative capacity, and so far, there are limited methods for treating heart disease. ing.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method for directly producing cardiomyocyte-like cells from fibroblasts without iPS cells by introducing three myocardial reprogramming factors (Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5, hereinafter also referred to as GMT).
- GMT myocardial reprogramming factors
- Non-patent Document 3 a method of inducing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells such as ES cells and iPS cells using humoral factors
- Non-patent Document 4 a method of inducing cardiac progenitor cells using transcription factors
- the method of inducing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes using humoral factors from pluripotent stem cells has problems in terms of reproducibility and cost, so stable myocardial induced pluripotent stem cells by introducing transcription factors If a strain can be produced, it is clinically useful.
- the method of inducing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells using transcription factors so far uses serum and special culture conditions, but there is no report on serum-free medium.
- the reports so far are only mouse cells, and there are no reports on methods for inducing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes in human cells.
- Eomesodermin induces Mesp1 expression and cardiac differentiation from embryonic stem cells in the absence of Activin.
- the present inventors have stably induced myocardial induction by introducing a Tbx6-expressing lentiviral vector capable of controlling expression with doxycycline into mouse ES cells and human iPS cells. Pluripotent stem cells were obtained. Then, the present inventors have obtained cardiac progenitor cells without using serum-free and humoral factors used in the conventional method by turning on the expression of Tbx6 by turning on the myocardial induced pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, it was found that cardiomyocytes are induced in large amounts by turning off the expression of Tbx6. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [1] A method for producing cardiac progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells, comprising expressing the Tbx6 gene in pluripotent stem cells.
- [2] (i) a step of inducing cardiac progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells, comprising expressing Tbx6 gene in pluripotent stem cells, and (ii) a step comprising suppressing expression of Tbx6 gene
- a method for producing cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells comprising a step of inducing cardiomyocytes from cardiac progenitor cells induced in i).
- the step of expressing the Tbx6 gene in pluripotent stem cells comprises: Introducing into the pluripotent stem cell an expression cassette capable of inducing Tbx6 gene expression in response to an external stimulus; and the presence of the external stimulus in the pluripotent stem cell into which the expression cassette has been introduced.
- the step of expressing the Tbx6 gene in pluripotent stem cells comprises: Introducing into the pluripotent stem cell an expression cassette capable of inducing Tbx6 gene expression in response to an external stimulus; and the presence of the external stimulus in the pluripotent stem cell into which the expression cassette has been introduced.
- the step of suppressing the expression of the Tbx6 gene comprises: Culturing pluripotent stem cells into which an expression cassette capable of inducing expression of Tbx6 gene in response to an external stimulus is introduced in the absence of the external stimulus [2] to [5] ]
- the pluripotent stem cells are ES cells or iPS cells.
- the external factor is tetracycline or doxycycline.
- An expression cassette capable of inducing the expression of the Tbx6 gene in response to an external stimulus has been introduced, and is induced in cardiac progenitor cells by culturing in the presence of the external stimulus. Capable stem cells.
- An expression cassette capable of inducing the expression of the Tbx6 gene in response to an external stimulus is introduced, and after culturing in the presence of the external stimulus, culturing in the absence of the external stimulus Pluripotent stem cells from which cardiomyocytes are induced.
- the pluripotent stem cells of [9] and [10] are cells containing the expression cassette since an expression cassette capable of inducing Tbx6 gene expression in response to external stimuli has been introduced. is there.
- the present invention provides a method for inducing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells.
- the present invention also provides cells that induce cardiac progenitor cells and / or cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells.
- the myocardial induced pluripotent stem cell of the present invention can regulate the induction of cardiac progenitor cells and the induction of cardiomyocytes by turning on and off the expression of Tbx6, respectively.
- a cardiac progenitor cell is converted from a mouse ES cell or a human iPS cell.
- the method for producing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes of the present invention has an efficiency 2 to 3 times higher than that of Eomes, which has been reported in the past, in mouse cells. Progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes can be produced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a tetracycline gene expression regulation system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the expression level of Tbx6 in the presence of doxycycline in cells into which Tbx6 has been introduced.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the addition timing of doxycycline in Example 4.
- FIG. 4 shows cell lines of Example 4 without addition of doxycycline (“Off”), cell lines of Example 4 in which Tbx6 was induced by addition of doxycycline (“On”), and BMP4 on Day 4 (FIG. 3).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a GFP image of cardiac progenitor cells (“BMP4 / Activin”) differentiated from ES cells by Activin.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a tetracycline gene expression regulation system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the expression level of Tbx6 in the presence of doxycycline in cells into which Tbx6 has been introduced.
- FIG. 5 shows the cell line of Example 4 without addition of doxycycline (“Off”), the cell line of Example 4 with Tbx6 induced by addition of doxycycline (“On”), and BMP4 on Day 4 (FIG. 3).
- FIG. 4 shows GFP expression in cardiac progenitor cells (“BMP4 / Activin”) differentiated from ES cells by Activin.
- FIG. 6 shows the cell line of Example 4 without addition of doxycycline (“Off”), the cell line of Example 4 (“On”) in which Tbx6 was induced by addition of doxycycline, and BMP4 on Day 4 (FIG. 3).
- FIG. 2 shows the expression of Flk-1 and PDGFR ⁇ in cardiac progenitor cells (“BMP4 / Activin”) differentiated from ES cells with Activin.
- FIG. 7 shows the cell line of Example 4 without addition of doxycycline (“Dox Off”) on Day 14 (FIG. 3) and the cell line of Example 4 in which Tbx6 was induced by addition of doxycycline (“Dox On”). It is a figure which shows the image of (alpha) -actinin and cardiac troponin.
- FIG. 8 shows the cell line of Example 4 without addition of doxycycline (“Off”), the cell line of Example 4 in which Tbx6 was induced by addition of doxycycline (“On”), and BMP4 on Day 14 (FIG. 3).
- FIG. 8 shows the cell line of Example 4 without addition of doxycycline (“Off”), the cell line of Example 4 in which Tbx6 was induced by addition of doxycycline (“On”), and BMP4 on Day 14 (
- FIG. 5 shows cardiac troponin expression in cardiac progenitor cells (“BMP4 / Activin”) differentiated from ES cells with Activin.
- FIG. 9 shows the cell line of Example 4 without addition of doxycycline (“Off”), the cell line of Example 4 in which Tbx6 was induced by addition of doxycycline (“On”), and BMP4 on Day 14 (FIG. 3).
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the expression levels of actinin (Actn2), cardiac troponin (TnnT2), and Nkx2.5 in cardiac progenitor cells (“BMP4 / Activin”) differentiated from ES cells by Activin.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing induction from human iPS cells into human cardiac progenitor cells and differentiation from the human progenitor cells into cardiomyocytes by Tbx6 expression.
- the present invention relates to a cell that induces cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells (myocardial induced pluripotent stem cells).
- the myocardial induced pluripotent stem cell of the present invention can regulate the induction of cardiac progenitor cells and the induction of cardiomyocytes by turning on / off the expression of Tbx6 in response to external stimuli.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing cardiac progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells by expressing Tbx6 gene in the pluripotent stem cells.
- expression of Tbx6 gene is controlled by external stimulation such as doxycycline administration, and the expression cassette suppresses the expression and expression of Tbx6 gene in response to the external stimulation. Is called.
- cardiac progenitor cells are induced by culturing in the presence of external stimuli of pluripotent stem cells introduced with the expression cassette. More preferably, cardiac progenitor cells can be induced by culturing pluripotent stem cells introduced with the expression cassette in the presence of external stimuli and in the absence of serum.
- cardiac progenitor cells that express T, Flk-1, or PDGFR ⁇ which are genes specific to cardiac progenitor cells, are induced by inducing a single factor (Tbx6). Is induced.
- Tbx6 a single factor
- the proportion of cells expressing these cardiac progenitor cell-specific markers is similar to the proportion by the conventional method of inducing cardiac progenitor cells using Activin A or BMP4. Therefore, the method of the present invention can be said to be a method that can achieve the same induction efficiency at a lower cost and more easily than the conventional method.
- cardiomyocytes are induced by suppressing the expression of Tbx6 gene after the expression of Tbx6 gene in pluripotent stem cells. That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells by suppressing the expression of Tbx6 gene after the expression of Tbx6 gene. Suppression of Tbx6 gene expression in pluripotent stem cells into which an expression cassette capable of inducing Tbx6 gene expression in response to external stimuli has been introduced is to culture the cells in the absence of external stimuli. Can be performed.
- the induction from cardiac progenitor cells to cardiomyocytes in the present invention includes a step of suppressing the expression of the Tbx6 gene.
- the cells may be cultured in the presence of bFGF or FGF10 as in the conventional method. Such culture induces pulsating mature cardiomyocytes.
- bFGF fibroblast growth factor
- FGF10 fibroblast growth factor
- the method for producing cardiomyocytes of the present invention includes suppressing the expression of Tbx6 gene after the expression of Tbx6 gene in pluripotent stem cells.
- functionally mature cardiomyocytes are induced when the expression of Tbx6 gene is suppressed after induction of cardiac progenitor cells under the absence of external stimuli such as drug administration cessation. .
- the pluripotent stem cell used in the present invention may be either an embryonic stem (ES) cell or an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell.
- ES embryonic stem
- iPS induced pluripotent stem
- the stem cells may be those derived from mammals. Examples of mammals include, but are not limited to, humans, monkeys, horses, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, rats, mice and the like. In one embodiment of the invention, the stem cells are derived from humans, and in another embodiment are derived from non-human mammals such as mice.
- ES cells are pluripotent stem cells collected from the inner cell mass of the embryo (Strelchenko N et al., (2004) Reprod Biomed Online. 9: 623-629.).
- ES cells are not limited to primary cell lines collected from the inner cell mass, but may be ES cell lines that have already been cell-lined. Examples of cell line ES cell lines include cell lines distributed from cell populations obtained by growing ES cell lines already established, or lysed and cultured from a cryopreserved state. ES cell line and the like. If it is a cell line ES cell line, it can be obtained without going through the step of disrupting the fertilized egg.
- the ES cell used in the present invention may be established using only a single blastomere of an embryo in the cleavage stage before the blastocyst stage without impairing the embryo developmental ability. .
- Such ES cells can be obtained without destroying fertilized eggs (Klimanskaya I et al., (2006) Nature 444: 481-485; and Chung Y et al., (2008) Cell Stem Cell 2: 113-117).
- Human-derived ES cell culture methods include, for example, RIKEN CDB / Human Stem Cell Research Support Laboratory Protocol (2008), Takahashi, K. et al. (Cell (2007), Nov 30: 131, pp.72861-872) and Thomson , JA et al. (Science (1998) Nov 6: 282, pp. 1145-1147).
- RIKEN CDB Human Stem Cell Research Support Laboratory Protocol (2008)
- Takahashi, K. et al. Cell (2007), Nov 30: 131, pp.72861-872
- Thomson JA et al.
- the iPS cells used in the present invention include several reprogramming genes (Oct3 / 4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4, NANOG) in somatic cells (fibroblasts, epithelial cells, etc.) of mammals (including humans).
- somatic cells fibroblasts, epithelial cells, etc.
- a gene such as LIN28 it is an undifferentiated pluripotent stem cell that has basically the same multipotency as an ES cell (JP 2009-165478; Takahashi K et al., ( 2006) Cell 126: 663-676; and Takahashi Ket et al., (2007) Cell 131: 861-872, etc.).
- iPS cells can be cultured in the same manner as ES cells.
- Tbx6 In the method for producing cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes of the present invention, a pluripotent stem cell is introduced with a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding Tbx6.
- a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding Tbx6.
- the amino acid sequence of Tbx6 and the nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence are known in the art.
- Tbx6 polypeptide (Tbox transcription factor 6) is a transcription factor that binds to and recognizes the T box in the promoter region of some genes.
- Amino acid sequences for Tbx6 polypeptides derived from various species, and nucleotide sequences encoding Tbx6 polypeptides are known.
- Genbank accession number NM_004608.3 human, nucleotide sequence, SEQ ID NO: 1, CDS 61..1371)
- NP_004599.2 human, amino acid sequence, SEQ ID NO: 2
- NM_011538.2 humane, nucleotide sequence, sequence No. 3, CDS 25..1335)
- NP_035668.2 (mouse, amino acid sequence, SEQ ID NO: 4) and the like can be referred to.
- the Tbx6 polypeptide has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4, A polypeptide having an amino acid sequence having 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% sequence identity and having a function of inducing cardiac progenitor cells when expressed in pluripotent stem cells Including.
- the Tbx6 polypeptide has 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 40, more preferably 1 to 20, and more preferably 1 to 20, in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4.
- 1 to 10 for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted or added, or a combination thereof.
- the Tbx6 polypeptide has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 3, Has amino acid sequence encoded by nucleotide sequence with 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% sequence identity and induces in cardiac progenitor cells when expressed in pluripotent stem cells A polypeptide having a function is included.
- the Tbx6 gene (nucleic acid) has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94 and the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 3. %, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% nucleotide sequence with sequence identity and induced in cardiac progenitor cells when the encoded polypeptide is expressed in pluripotent stem cells
- cardiac progenitor cells can be produced from pluripotent stem cells by using transcription factors and humoral factors such as BMP4, Activin A, and Wnt. In the present invention, it is not necessary to culture in the presence of such a humoral factor. In the present invention, the step of inducing cardiac progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells is preferably cultured under serum-free conditions. Moreover, it is not necessary to combine such transcription factors with humoral factors.
- the Tbx6 gene can be introduced into pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
- the pluripotent stem cells are induced in cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes in vitro. Induced cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes can be introduced into an individual.
- the Tbx6 gene can be introduced into pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
- the pluripotent stem cell into which the Tbx6 gene has been introduced in vitro is introduced into the individual, and is induced into cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes in vivo.
- the introduction of Tbx6 gene into pluripotent stem cells can be performed by introducing a nucleic acid containing a nucleotide sequence encoding Tbx6 into pluripotent stem cells.
- the introduced pluripotent stem cells are induced into cardiac progenitor cells through the expression of Tbx6.
- introducing a Tbx6 gene into a pluripotent stem cell can include introducing a Tbx6 polypeptide into the pluripotent stem cell.
- the species from which Tbx6 is derived and the species from which the pluripotent stem cells are derived preferably match, for example, human and human.
- the method for producing cardiac progenitor cells of the present invention can include a step of transforming pluripotent stem cells using Tbx6 gene.
- the method for producing cardiac progenitor cells of the present invention can include a step of expressing a Tbx6 gene in pluripotent stem cells.
- the method for producing cardiomyocytes of the present invention can include a step of suppressing the expression of Tbx6 gene following the step of expressing Tbx6 gene in pluripotent stem cells.
- the expression of the Tbx6 gene can be time-specifically controlled by an expression cassette that regulates the expression in response to an external stimulus response.
- an expression cassette is a nucleic acid construct including at least a promoter capable of inducing expression of a downstream gene in response to an external stimulus and a Tbx6 gene whose expression is controlled by the promoter.
- the promoter is not particularly limited as long as it is a promoter capable of inducing expression of a downstream gene in response to an external stimulus.
- a tetracycline antibiotic tetracycline or a tetracycline derivative such as doxycycline
- the external stimulus is absence of a tetracycline antibiotic
- a promoter capable of inducing expression of a downstream gene by dissociation of the tetracycline repressor can be mentioned.
- ecdysteroid ecdysone, muristerone A, ponasterone A, etc.
- the binding of ecdysteroid and the ecdysone receptor-retinoid receptor complex causes the downstream gene Examples include promoters that can induce expression.
- FKCsA expression of downstream genes can be induced by binding of FKCsA to a Gal4 DNA binding domain fused to FKBP12-VP16 activator domain complex fused to cyclophilin A promoter is mentioned.
- the sputum expression cassette may contain an enhancer, a silencer, a selectable marker gene (for example, a drug resistance gene such as a neomycin resistance gene), an SV40 replication origin, and the like as necessary. Further, those skilled in the art can consider an enhancer, a silencer, a selectable marker gene, a terminator, and the like in consideration of the type of the promoter to be used and the like by appropriately selecting from a known one and combining them at a desired expression level. An expression cassette capable of inducing the expression of the HPV-E6 / E7 gene can be constructed.
- external stimulation includes culturing in the presence or absence of a drug.
- the expression of a target gene is controlled in the presence of doxycycline using a tetracycline expression induction system (for example, Takara).
- a vector is prepared so that the Tbx6 gene can be expressed under the control of a tetracycline-sensitive (Tet-On) promoter.
- Tet-On tetracycline-sensitive
- a Tet-On regulatory plasmid that expresses a reverse tetracycline-regulated transactivator (rtTA) is prepared, and the regulatory plasmid is introduced into the pluripotent stem cell.
- rtTA reverse tetracycline-regulated transactivator
- Tetracycline sensitive expression systems may be commercially available (eg, Knockout TM Tet RNAi System P (Clontech)) or Dickins RA. Et al., (Nature Genetics, 39 (7): 914-921 (2007 )).
- the method for introducing the expression cassette into pluripotent stem cells is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately selected and used.
- the expression cassette is inserted into an appropriate expression vector, viral infection using a viral vector such as a retrovirus vector or adenovirus vector, lipofection method, liposome method, electroporation method, calcium phosphate method, DEAE dextran method, micro It can be performed by a known transformation method such as an injection method.
- expression vectors examples include lentiviruses, retroviruses, herpesviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, Sendai virus and other viral vectors, and animal cell expression plasmids.
- a lentivirus is preferable from the viewpoint that the introduction efficiency of sex stem cells into genomic DNA is extremely high.
- a suitable addition concentration of doxycycline is 0.1 to 10 ⁇ g / ml, more preferably 1 to 2 ⁇ g / ml.
- Examples of the culture medium that is used for induction into the cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes and to which the external stimulus is added include IMDM solution, a-MEM solution, and DMEM solution. Additives usually added to the culture may be included. However, in the induction to cardiac progenitor cells, it is not necessary to add serum, and in one embodiment of the present invention, induction to cardiac progenitor cells is performed in the absence of serum.
- Pluripotent stem cells into which the Tbx6 gene has been introduced are subjected to external stimuli such as doxycycline from 0 (eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 hours) to Present for 4 days, preferably 0-3 days.
- external stimuli such as doxycycline from 0 (eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 hours) to Present for 4 days, preferably 0-3 days.
- pluripotent stem cells are induced into cardiac progenitor cells.
- the induction of cardiac progenitor cells can be confirmed, for example, by the expression of a specific marker of cardiac progenitor cells within a certain period (for example, 4 days) from the start of induction.
- the pluripotent stem cells are subsequently induced into cardiomyocytes as a result of terminating the presence of external stimuli.
- the induction of cardiomyocytes is confirmed by, for example, expression of a specific marker of cardiomyocytes within a certain period (eg, 3 to 10 days, preferably 3 to 5 days) after the end of external stimulation. can do.
- a specific marker of cardiomyocytes within a certain period (eg, 3 to 10 days, preferably 3 to 5 days) after the end of external stimulation.
- a population of pluripotent stem cells is introduced with the Tbx6 gene and given external stimulation of doxycycline, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 50%, at least 70% of the population .
- At least 90% have been confirmed to be induced into cardiac progenitor cells within 4 days from the start of induction, and cardiomyocytes within a period of 3 to 10 days, preferably 3 to 5 days after the end of external stimulation
- the guidance to can be confirmed.
- the method for producing cardiac progenitor cells or the method for producing cardiomyocytes of the present invention is performed after a certain period of time (for example, 0 to 4 days, preferably 0 to 3 days from the start of induction) of the Tbx6 gene introduction step into pluripotent stem cells.
- the proportion of cardiac progenitor cells can be enriched by sorting the pluripotent stem cell population. By performing a sorting process on a pluripotent stem cell specific marker, a pluripotent stem cell specific protein, a pluripotent stem cell surface antigen, etc., if there is a residual pluripotent stem cell, it can be removed.
- the ratio of each cell can also be enriched by performing the sorting process regarding the expression of a marker specific to cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes.
- the method for producing cardiac progenitor cells or the method for producing cardiomyocytes of the present invention provides a means for a sorting step by including a step of introducing a nucleic acid containing a nucleotide sequence encoding a detectable marker into a pluripotent stem cell, Alternatively, a means of confirming the induction of cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes can be provided.
- the nucleotide sequence encoding the detectable marker is operably linked to a cardiac progenitor cell specific promoter or cardiomyocyte specific promoter, or the nucleotide sequence encoding a cardiac progenitor cell specific marker or cardiomyocyte specific Linked to the nucleotide sequence encoding the marker.
- the detectable marker is, for example, a polypeptide that directly generates a detectable signal, for example, a fluorescent protein such as GFP, YEP, or BFP, or an enzyme that generates a detectable signal when acting on a substrate, for example, , Luciferase, alkaline phosphatase and the like.
- a detectable signal for example, a fluorescent protein such as GFP, YEP, or BFP
- an enzyme that generates a detectable signal when acting on a substrate for example, Luciferase, alkaline phosphatase and the like.
- Examples of the cardiac progenitor cell specific promoter include Mesp1, T, and Flk1 (KDR) promoters.
- promoters specific to cardiomyocytes include ⁇ -myosin heavy chain promoter and cTnT promoter.
- Expression of the detectable marker can allow detection of cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes, so that confirmation of the induction of cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes, or sorting of induced cardiac progenitor cells or induced cardiomyocytes Can be provided.
- operably linked refers to a functional link between nucleic acids that provides a desired function such as transcription, translation, and the like.
- it includes a functional linkage between a nucleic acid expression control sequence such as a promoter or signal sequence and a second polynucleotide.
- the expression control sequence affects the transcription and / or translation of the second polynucleotide.
- a nucleic acid containing a nucleotide sequence encoding a Tbx6 polypeptide can be an expression cassette that enables the regulation of Tbx6 expression in pluripotent stem cells in response to an external stimulus.
- the expression cassette is a viral construct, such as a recombinant adeno-associated virus construct (see, eg, US Pat. No. 7,078,387), a recombinant adenovirus construct, a recombinant lentivirus construct, and the like. .
- Suitable expression vectors include viral vectors (eg, vaccinia virus-based viral vectors; polioviruses; adenoviruses (eg Li et al., Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 35: 2543 2549,1994; Borras et al., Gene Ther 6: 515 524,1999); Li and Davidson, PNAS 92: 7700 7704,1995; Sakamoto et al., H Gene Ther 5: 1088 1097,1999; International Patent Application Publication 94/12649, International Patent Application Publication 93/03769; International Patent Application Publication 93/19191; International Patent Application Publication 94/28938; see International Patent Application Publication 95/11984 and International Patent Application Publication 95/00655); Adeno-related viruses (eg, Ali et al., Hum Gene Ther 9: 81F86,1998, Flannery et al., PNAS 94: 6916).
- viral vectors eg,
- Suitable expression vectors are known in the art, and many are commercially available. The following vectors are presented for illustration, and for eukaryotic host cells include pXT1, pSG5 (Stratagene), pSVK3, pBPV, pMSG, and pSVLSV40 (Pharmacia). However, any other vector can be used as long as it is compatible with the host cell.
- any of a number of suitable transcriptional and translational control elements may be used in the expression vector, such as constitutive and inducible promoters, transcription enhancer elements, transcription terminators, etc. (eg Bitter Et al. (1987) MethodsMethodin Enzymology, 153: 516-544).
- the Tbx6 CDR sequence may be operably linked to a regulatory element, such as a transcriptional regulatory element, such as a promoter.
- a regulatory element such as a transcriptional regulatory element, such as a promoter.
- Transcriptional control elements function in eukaryotic cells, such as mammalian cells. Suitable transcription control elements include promoters and enhancers.
- the promoter is inducible.
- the expression cassette used in the method for producing cardiac progenitor cells or the method for producing cardiomyocytes of the present invention comprises an inducible promoter.
- the inducible promoter contained in the expression cassette in the present invention induces expression of an operably linked gene in response to an external stimulus.
- the Tbx6 nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a heart-specific transcriptional control element (TRE), where the TRE can include a promoter and an enhancer.
- TREs include, but are not limited to, the following genes: TRE derived from myosin light chain-2, ⁇ -myosin heavy chain, AE3, cardiac troponin C, and cardiac actin (Franz et al., (1997) Cardiovasc.Res.35: 560-566; Robbins et al., (1995) Ann.NYAcad.Sci.752: 492-505; Linn et al., (1995) Circ.Res.
- Expression vectors may contain ribosome binding sites for translation initiation and transcription initiation.
- the expression vector may include appropriate sequences for amplifying expression.
- suitable mammalian expression vectors include recombinant viruses, nucleic acid vectors such as plasmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes, yeast artificial chromosomes, human artificial chromosomes, cDNA, cRNA, and polymerase chain reaction.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- suitable promoters for driving the expression of nucleotide sequences encoding Tbx6 include, but are not limited to, inducible promoters, such as those containing Tet-operator elements.
- the mammalian expression vector may encode a marker gene that facilitates identification or selection of transfected or infected cells.
- marker genes are fluorescent proteins such as enhanced green fluorescent protein, Ds-Red (DsRed: Discosomasp. Red fluorescent protein (RFP); Bevis and Glick (2002) Nat. Biotechnol. 20:83), yellow fluorescent protein, and cyano A gene encoding a fluorescent protein; and a gene encoding a protein conferring resistance to a selective agent, such as, but not limited to, a neomycin resistance gene, a puromycin resistance gene, a blasticidin resistance gene, and the like.
- suitable viral vectors include, but are not limited to, retroviral viral vectors (including lentiviruses); adenoviruses; and adeno-associated viruses.
- retroviral vectors are murine moloney leukemia virus (MMLV) vectors; other recombinant retroviruses may also be used, such as avian leukemia virus, bovine leukemia virus, murine leukemia virus ( MLV), mink cell focus-inducing virus, murine sarcomeric virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, gibbon leukemia virus, Mason Pfizer simian virus, or Rous sarcomeric virus, for example, see US Pat. No. 6,333,195.
- the retroviral vector is a lentiviral vector (eg, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1); simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV); or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV));
- lentiviral vector eg, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1); simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV); or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
- HAV-1 human immunodeficiency virus-1
- SIV simian immunodeficiency virus
- FIV feline immunodeficiency virus
- the recombinant retrovirus may include a viral polypeptide (eg, a retroviral env) to assist entry into the target cell.
- a viral polypeptide eg, a retroviral env
- the viral polypeptide may be an amphoteric viral polypeptide, such as an amphoteric env, which aids entry into cells derived from a number of species, including cells outside the original host species. To do.
- the viral polypeptide may be a heterotrophic viral polypeptide that aids entry into cells outside the original host species.
- the viral polypeptide is an ecotropic viral polypeptide, such as ecotropic env, which aids entry into the cells of the original host species.
- VSV-g varicella stomatitis virus-g protein
- HIV-1 env HIV-1 env
- GALV gibbon leukemia virus
- FeLV-C FeLV-C
- FeLV-B FeLV10A1env gene
- variants thereof including but not limited to chimeras. See, for example, Yee et al. (1994), Methods Cell Biol., PtA: 99-112 (VSV-G); US Pat. No. 5,449,614.
- recombinant viruses are produced by introducing viral DNA or RNA constructs into producer cells.
- the producer cell does not express a foreign gene.
- the producer cell encodes one or more foreign genes, such as one or more gag, pol, or env polypeptides and / or one or more retroviral gag, pol, or env polypeptides.
- Retroviral packaging cells may contain genes encoding viral polypeptides, such as VSV-g that assists in entry into target cells.
- the packaging cell contains a gene encoding one or more lentiviral proteins, such as gag, pol, env, vpr, vpu, vpx, vif, tat, rev, or nef.
- the packaging cell contains a gene encoding an adenoviral protein, such as E1A or E1B or other adenoviral proteins.
- proteins supplied by the packaging cell include retroviral derived proteins such as gag, pol, and env; lentiviral derived proteins such as gag, pol, env, vpr, vpu, vpx, vif, tat, rev, and nef; and adenovirus-derived proteins such as E1A and E1B.
- the packaging cell supplies a protein derived from a different virus than the virus from which the viral vector was derived.
- Packaging cell lines include, but are not limited to, any readily transfectable cell line.
- the packaging cell line can be based on the 293T cell, NIH3T3, COS or HeLa cell line.
- Packaging cells are frequently used to package viral vector plasmids that have a deletion in at least one gene encoding a protein required for viral packaging. Any cell capable of supplying a protein or polypeptide deleted from the protein encoded by such a viral vector plasmid may be used as the packaging cell.
- Examples of packaging cell lines include, but are not limited to, Platinum-E (Plat-E); Platinum-A (Plat-A); BOSC23 (ATCC CRL 11554); and Bing (ATCC CRL 11270). Et al.
- Retroviral constructs may be derived from a range of retroviruses, such as MMLV, HIV-1, SIV, FIV, or other retroviruses described herein.
- a retroviral construct may encode all viral polypeptides necessary for more than one cycle of replication of a particular virus. In some cases, the efficiency of virus entry is improved by the addition of other factors or other viral polypeptides. In another case, the viral polypeptide encoded by the retroviral construct does not support more than one cycle of replication, as described in US Pat. No. 6,872,528. In such situations, the addition of other factors or other viral polypeptides can assist in promoting viral entry.
- the recombinant retrovirus is an HIV-1 virus that includes a VSV-g polypeptide but does not include an HIV-1 env polypeptide.
- Retroviral constructs may include promoters, multiple cloning sites, and / or resistance genes. Promoters include, but are not limited to, inducible promoters such as tetracycline operator elements.
- the retroviral construct may also include a packaging signal (eg, a packaging signal derived from an MFG vector; psi packaging signal). Examples of some retroviral constructs known in the art include, but are not limited to, pMX, pBabeX or derivatives thereof. See, for example, Onishi et al. (1996), Experimental Hematology, 24: 324-329.
- the retroviral construct is a self-inactivating lentiviral vector (SIN) vector, see for example Miyoshi et al.
- the retroviral construct is LL-CG, LS-CG, CL-CG, CS-CG, CLG or MFG. Miyoshi et al., (1998), J. Virol., 72 (10): 8150-8157; Onishi et al., (1996), Experimental Hematology, 24: 324-329; Riviere et al., (1995), PNAS, 92: 6733- See 6737.
- Viral vector plasmids are pMXs, pMxs-IB, pMXs-puro, pMXs-neo (pMXs-IB is a vector carrying a blasticidin resistance gene instead of the puromycin resistance gene of pMXs-puro) (2003), Experimental Hematology, 31: 1007-1014; MFG iv Riviere et al. (1995), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- the retroviral construct comprises blasticidin (eg, pMXs-IB), puromycin (eg, pMXs-puro, pBabePuro); or neomycin (eg, pMXs-neo).
- blasticidin eg, pMXs-IB
- puromycin eg, pMXs-puro, pBabePuro
- neomycin eg, pMXs-neo
- Viral constructs include calcium phosphate method, lipofection method (Felgner et al. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 7413-7417), electroporation method, microinjection method, fusene transfection, etc. Including, but not limited to, any of the methods described in the book. It may be introduced into the host pluripotent stem cell by any method known in the art.
- the nucleic acid construct can be introduced into the host cell using a variety of well-known techniques such as non-viral transfection of cells.
- the construct is incorporated into a vector and introduced into a host cell. Electroporation, calcium phosphate-mediated transfer, nucleofection, sonoporation, heat shock, magnetofection, liposome-mediated transfer, microinjection, microprojectile-mediated transfer (nanoparticles), cationic polymer-mediated transfer Including but not limited to (DEAE dextran, polyethyleneimine, polyethylene glycol (PEG), etc.) or cell fusion. It may be performed by any non-viral transfection known in the art. Other methods of transfection include transfection reagents such as Lipofectamine, DojindodHilymax, Fugene, jetPEI, Effectene, and DreamFect.
- the present invention includes pluripotent stem cells containing an exogenous Tbx6 gene, and the pluripotent stem cells are induced into cardiac progenitor cells by expressing Tbx6.
- the pluripotent stem cell containing the exogenous Tbx6 gene of the present invention is induced in cardiomyocytes by expressing Tbx6, then suppressing the expression of Tbx6 and culturing in a medium containing bFGF or FGF10.
- a “foreign” gene refers to a nucleic acid that is introduced into the cell.
- the present invention includes pluripotent stem cells comprising an expression cassette capable of inducing Tbx6 gene expression in response to an external stimulus.
- Pluripotent stem cells containing an expression cassette capable of inducing Tbx6 gene expression in response to an external stimulus have the ability to be induced in cardiac progenitor cells in the presence of the external stimulus.
- a pluripotent stem cell comprising an expression cassette capable of inducing Tbx6 gene expression in response to an external stimulus releases the presence of the external stimulus following the expression of Tbx6 by the external stimulus (ie, In the absence of the external stimulus, it has the ability to be induced in cardiomyocytes.
- the pluripotent stem cell cell containing the exogenous Tbx6 gene of the present invention is in an in vitro state.
- the pluripotent stem cell comprising an exogenous Tbx6 gene of the invention is a mammalian cell, eg, a human cell, or is derived from a human cell.
- a pluripotent stem cell line containing the Tbx6 gene can be established more stably.
- a screening method can be appropriately selected and carried out by those skilled in the art.
- a “cardiac progenitor cell” is a cell characterized by expressing a marker specific for cardiac progenitor cells. Markers specific to cardiac progenitor cells are factors specifically expressed in cardiac progenitor cells (cardiac progenitor cell-related factors), and include T, Mesp1, Flk1 (KDR), Pdgfr ⁇ , Isl1, and the like.
- the cardiac progenitor cells express at least one of markers specific for cardiac progenitor cells, more preferably at least two and even more preferably at least three.
- the cardiac progenitor cells are preferably cells that express T, Mesp1, and Flk1 (KDR).
- cardiac progenitor cells are derived from pluripotent stem cells, and therefore may be referred to as induced cardiac progenitor cells.
- cardiomyocytes are cells characterized by expressing a specific marker for cardiomyocytes. Markers specific to cardiomyocytes are factors specifically expressed in cardiomyocytes (cardiomyocyte-related factors), and include cardiac troponin (cTnT), Nkx2.5, Actn2, and the like.
- the cardiomyocytes express at least one, more preferably at least two, and even more preferably at least three of the markers specific for cardiomyocytes.
- the cardiomyocytes are preferably cells that express cTnT and Nkx2.5.
- cardiomyocytes can be characterized by pulsation. Furthermore, “cardiomyocytes” in the present invention may be characterized by forming a striated structure. In the present invention, cardiomyocytes are also derived from pluripotent stem cells and are therefore sometimes referred to as induced cardiomyocytes.
- the expression of various markers specific to cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes can be detected by biochemical or immunochemical techniques (for example, enzyme-linked immunosorbent test, immunohistochemical test, etc.). Alternatively, it can also be detected by measuring the expression of nucleic acids encoding various markers specific for cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes. Expression of nucleic acids encoding various markers specific to cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes can be confirmed by molecular biological techniques such as RT-PCR and hybridization. Primers and probes used in these methods can be appropriately designed and manufactured by those skilled in the art using information available from databases such as Genbank.
- the pulsation of the cardiomyocytes can be confirmed visually or by a bright field image.
- Spontaneous contraction can also be confirmed by standard electrophysiological methods such as patch clamp.
- the formation of the striated structure of cardiomyocytes can be confirmed visually or by a bright field image. It can also be confirmed by immunostaining of proteins that contribute to the myocardial structure such as troponin.
- the present invention further relates to cardiac progenitor cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (induced cardiac progenitor cells, cardiac progenitor cell-like cells) or cardiomyocytes (induced cardiomyocytes) produced by the method for producing cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes described above. , Myocardial cells). Since the induced cardiac progenitor cells or induced cardiomyocytes of the present invention are derived from pluripotent stem cells containing an exogenous Tbx6 gene, the induced cardiac progenitor cells or induced cardiomyocytes of the present invention also contain the Tbx6 gene. In another embodiment of the invention, the induced cardiac progenitor cells or induced cardiomyocytes of the invention are in the form of in vitro. In another embodiment of the invention, the induced cardiac progenitor cells or induced cardiomyocytes of the invention are mammalian cells such as human cells or are derived from mammals such as human cells.
- the cells derived from pluripotent stem cells are cardiac progenitor cells as described above.
- a cell in which expression of a marker specific for cardiac progenitor cells is confirmed in this way is also referred to as a cardiac progenitor cell-like cell.
- the cells derived from pluripotent stem cells can be confirmed to be cardiomyocytes by the expression of a specific marker for cardiomyocytes as described above.
- cells in which expression of a marker specific for cardiac progenitor cells has been confirmed are also referred to as cardiac muscle-like cells. Marker expression can be confirmed by gene level or protein level.
- the present invention also provides a composition containing pluripotent stem cells containing Tbx6 gene, or cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells containing Tbx6 gene.
- the composition of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned pluripotent stem cell or induced cardiac progenitor cell or induced cardiomyocyte, and further includes a salt; a buffer; a stabilizer; a protease inhibitor; a cell membrane and / or cell wall preserving compound as appropriate components For example, glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like; a nutrient medium suitable for cells may be included.
- the present invention also provides a cardiac progenitor cell inducer from pluripotent stem cells or a cardiomyocyte inducer from pluripotent stem cells.
- the inducing agent of the present invention comprises 1) a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a Tbx6 polypeptide, and an expression cassette that regulates the expression of a Tbx6 gene in response to an external stimulus.
- the inducer of the present invention includes 2) external stimulation, 3) bFGF, FGF10, etc.
- the inducer of the present invention can be directly administered to an individual.
- the inducer of the present invention is useful for inducing pluripotent stem cells into cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes, and this induction can be performed in vitro or in vivo. Inducing pluripotent stem cells into cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyocytes can be used to treat various cardiac disorders and for research in the heart field.
- the inducing agent of the present invention may include pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- suitable excipients are, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol and the like, and combinations thereof.
- it may contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wettable or emulsifying agents or buffering agents. Actual methods of preparing such dosage forms are known. See, for example, Remington's Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pennsylvania, 17th edition, 1985.
- compositions such as vehicles, adjuvants, carriers or diluents are readily available.
- pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tension adjusting agents, stabilizers, wettable powders and the like can be easily purchased.
- Pluripotent stem cells comprising the Tbx6 gene of the present invention can be used for such treatment in individuals in need of treatment.
- the induced cardiac progenitor cells or induced cardiomyocytes of the present invention can be used for such treatment in an individual in need of treatment.
- the pluripotent stem cell containing the Tbx6 gene of the present invention, or the induced cardiac progenitor cell or induced cardiomyocyte of the present invention can be introduced into a recipient individual (individual in need of treatment).
- Introduction of pluripotent stem cells comprising a Tbx6 gene, or induced cardiac progenitor cells or induced cardiomyocytes of the invention into a recipient individual treats a condition or disorder in the individual.
- the present invention relates to a therapeutic method comprising administering to an individual a pluripotent stem cell comprising the Tbx6 gene of the present invention, or the induced cardiac progenitor cell or induced cardiomyocyte of the present invention.
- the therapeutic methods of the invention i) generate induced cardiac progenitor cells or induced cardiomyocytes in vitro; and ii) require induced cardiac progenitor cells or induced cardiomyocytes Introducing into an individual.
- the therapeutic methods of the present invention include heart or cardiovascular diseases or disorders such as cardiovascular disease, aneurysm, angina, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular accident (stroke), cardiovascular disease, congenital Heart disease, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, coronary valvular disease, dilated arterial disease, diastolic dysfunction, endocarditis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, resulting in ischemic Useful for treating individuals with coronary artery disease leading to cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse, myocardial infarction (heart attack), or venous thromboembolism.
- cardiovascular diseases or disorders such as cardiovascular disease, aneurysm, angina, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular accident (stroke), cardiovascular disease, congenital Heart disease, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, coronary valvular disease, dilated arterial disease, diastolic dysfunction, endocarditis, hypertension,
- the unit dosage form of the induced cardiac progenitor cells, or population of induced cardiomyocytes is from about 10 3 to about 10 9 , eg from about 10 3 to about 10 4 , from about 10 4 to about 10 5 , about 10 5 From about 10 6 cells, from about 10 6 cells to about 10 7 cells, from about 10 7 cells to about 10 8 cells, or from about 10 8 cells to about 10 9 cells.
- Example 1 Cultivation of mouse ES cells
- Mouse coated T-GFP ES cells (Prof. Gordon Keller, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower MaRS Center 101 College Street, Room) on a gelatin-coated 10 cm tissue culture dish (Thermo Scientific, 172958) 8-706 Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 obtained from CANADA) was inoculated at a concentration of 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cell / dish, and cultured at 37 ° C./5% CO 2 using ES cell medium (Table 1). Thereafter, subculture was performed every 2-3 days.
- T-GFP ES cells are cells that are positive for GFP when T, a marker transcription factor for cardiac mesoderm, is expressed.
- Example 2 Induction of cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes from mouse ES cells using cytokines ES cells passaged in Example 1 were washed with PBS (-) after aspirating the medium for ES cells, 2 mL of 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA was added to each dish, and the plate was allowed to stand at 37 ° C./5% CO 2 for 3 minutes. After confirming that the cells floated in the culture solution, the cells were neutralized with 1 mL FBS / 7 mL IMDM solution, and the cells were collected in a 15 mL tube (Corning, 430791).
- Serum-free differentiation medium (Table 3) in which L-ascorbic acid and 1-thyolglycerol are added to 10 mL of serum-free medium (Table 2) is added to the cell precipitate, and then added to a 10 cm sterile petri dish (IWAKI, SH90-15). Sowing (day 0).
- the formed embryoid body was transferred to a 15 mL tube together with the medium, centrifuged at 700 RPM / 3 minutes, and the supernatant was aspirated. 2 mL of 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA was added to the precipitated embryoid body, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 minutes at 37 ° C / 5% CO 2 . After repeated pipetting, the solution was neutralized with 1 mL FBS / 7 mL IMDM solution, centrifuged at 1200 RPM / 3 minutes, and the supernatant was aspirated. The precipitate was diluted with 10 mL IMDM, and the number of cells was counted.
- the 7.5 ⁇ 10 5 cell solution was transferred to a new 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 1100 RPM / 3 minutes, and the supernatant was aspirated.
- 10 mL of a cardiac progenitor cell induction medium (Table 4) was added and seeded in a sterile petri dish.
- Cardiac progenitor cells were induced on day 4. Similarly to day 2, the formed embryoid body was transferred to a 15 mL tube together with the medium, centrifuged at 700 RPM / 3 minutes, and the supernatant was aspirated. To the precipitated embryoid body, 2 mL of 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA was added and allowed to stand at 37 ° C./5% CO 2 for 2 minutes. After repeated pipetting, the solution was neutralized with 1 mL FBS / 7 mL IMDM solution, centrifuged at 1200 RPM / 3 minutes, and the supernatant was aspirated. The precipitate was diluted with 10 mL IMDM, and the number of cells was counted.
- the 6.0 ⁇ 10 5 cell / well solution was transferred to a new 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 1100 RPM / 3 minutes, and the supernatant was aspirated.
- the cell precipitate was added with a medium for cardiomyocyte induction (Table 5) and seeded on a gelatin-coated 24-well cell culture multiwell plate (FALCON, 353047). After allowing the cells to adhere for 15 minutes, the cells were cultured under conditions of 37 ° C./5% CO 2 . Thereafter, the medium was changed every 2-3 days. When good induction was obtained, myocardial pulsation was observed from day 7.
- Example 3 Introduction of Tetracycline Gene Expression Regulation System into Mouse ES Cells
- Tbx6 was introduced into mouse ES cells using a lentivirus.
- the vector used can control the expression of the transgene in a time-specific manner by adding doxycycline (FIG. 1).
- 293T cells were seeded at a concentration of 6.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells / dish in a 10 cm tissue culture dish (Corning, 353047) and allowed to stand at 37 ° C./5% CO 2 (day 1).
- solution A in which Lipofectamine 36 ⁇ L (Invitrogen, 1168-019) was mixed with 1500 ⁇ L Opti-MEM (gibco, 31985-070), and CSIV-TRE-RfA-UbC-KT- in 1500 ⁇ L Opti-MEM
- the medium after 24 hours (day 3) was replaced with a medium prepared by mixing 10 ⁇ M of Forskolin (WAKO, 66575-29-9) with 293T cell culture solution.
- ES cells were seeded at a concentration of 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well in a gelatin-coated 12-well cell culture multiwell plate (FALCON, 353043). Cultured.
- the culture supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m pore size Minisart filter (Sartorius Stedim Biotech, 17598) and then collected in a 50 mL tube (Corning, 430829).
- the collected 10 mL supernatant was subjected to ultracentrifugation at 23000 RPM / 2 hours using an ultra high speed centrifuge (Beckman, Optima XL). After centrifugation, the supernatant is aspirated and the precipitate is dissolved in 1 ⁇ mL of ES cell medium mixed with 1.3 ⁇ L Polybrene Transfection Reagent (10 mg / mL) (Millipore, # TR-1003-G). A virus solution was used. The ES cell culture medium that had been cultured from the previous day (day 3) was replaced with a lentivirus solution to infect the virus (infection).
- the lentiviral solution was replaced with a medium for ES cells, and the culture was continued. After the infected cells became confluent, they were passaged to 10 cm tissue culture dishes. At the stage when the colony became an appropriate size, the colony was collected and separated using a pipetteman tip under a microscope, and ES cells were cloned from a single colony.
- Example 4 Serum-free cardiac progenitor cell induction with Tbx6
- ES cells cloned in Example 3 were seeded using the same method as in Example 2.
- doxycycline Sigma, D9891
- a serum-free differentiation medium supplemented with doxycycline was used as in day 0.
- the petri dish was stirred in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the induced cardiac progenitor cells were analyzed. Moreover, after day4, the experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 3.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of measuring the expression level of Tbx6 mRNA in the cell line obtained by cloning. In the presence (+) of doxycycline (Dox), expression of Tbx6 mRNA was observed.
- Example 5 Verification of induction of cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes without serum by Tbx6
- FACS analysis method The embryoid body containing cardiac progenitor cells was collected together with the medium, 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 minutes at 37 ° C./5% CO 2 to form single cells. After neutralizing Trypsin-EDTA, cells were collected in a 15 mL tube (Corning, 430791). The collected cells were centrifuged at 1500 rpm / 5 minutes / 4 ° C. After aspirating the supernatant, 100 ⁇ L of FACS enforcement solution (5% FBS / PBS) (Table 6-2) was added to the cell precipitate and mixed well.
- FACS enforcement solution 5% FBS / PBS
- FIG. 4 is an image of GFP by immunostaining.
- the ES cells (T-GFP ES cells) used in the Examples are cells that are positive for GFP when T, which is a marker transcription factor of heart mesoderm, is expressed. “Off” is the cell line of Example 4 to which doxycycline is not added, “On” is the cell line of Example 4 in which Tbx6 is induced by doxycycline, and “BMP4 / Activin” is differentiated from ES cells by BMP4 and Activin. (Day 4) shows the results of the cultured cells (Example 2).
- Tbx6 In cells in which Tbx6 gene was introduced into mouse ES cells using the tetracycline gene expression regulation system (Examples 3 and 4), GFP was positive by the addition of doxycycline, and thus T, which is a marker transcription factor for cardiac mesoderm. It can be seen that. Further, in the ES cells of Examples 3 and 4, GFP was expressed by doxycycline to the same extent as cells using cytokines such as BMP4 and Activin (Example 2). Therefore, it was shown that when Tbx6 is introduced into ES cells, cardiac progenitor cells can be induced without using serum-free and humoral factors. Further, in this example, it was shown that cardiac progenitor cells can be induced with the same induction efficiency as when cytokine was used (BMP4 / Activin).
- FIG. 5 shows the results of measuring the expression of GFP by FACS.
- the ES cells used in the examples are positive for GFP when T, which is a marker transcription factor of cardiac mesoderm, is expressed.
- T which is a marker transcription factor of cardiac mesoderm
- “Off” is the cell line of Example 4 to which doxycycline is not added
- “On” is the cell line of Example 4 in which Tbx6 is induced by doxycycline
- BMP4 / Activin is differentiated from ES cells by BMP4 and Activin.
- Day 4 shows the results of the cultured cells (Example 2).
- cardiac progenitor cells are induced from ES cells only by the expression of Tbx6. Moreover, it has been clarified that the method of the present invention can induce cardiac progenitor cells with the same efficiency as the conventional method using serum, humoral factors, or the like.
- Tbx6 expression was discontinued after 3 days after induction of cardiac progenitor cells, and matured beating cardiomyocytes were induced. Specifically, doxycycline was present in the medium only for 3 days from the start of induction (FIG. 3), and the induction of cardiomyocytes on Day 14 was examined.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of measuring the expression of troponin T by FACS.
- the percentage of cells expressing troponin T was 66.7%, whereas ES cells were treated with conventional solutions such as BMP4 and Activin.
- BMP4 and Activin In cells induced with sex factors, troponin T expression was 63.9%. Therefore, the induction efficiency of troponin T was equivalent to the method of the present invention using Tbx6 and the conventional method using humoral factors.
- mRNA of a myocardial related marker was examined (FIG. 9).
- Actinin 2 Actn2
- troponin T2 TnnT2
- Nkx2.5 Nkx2.5
- mRNA expression of these marker genes was confirmed in the cells in which Tbx6 gene-induced cells were treated with doxycycline for 3 days (“On” in FIG. 9). Their expression was similar to that of cardiomyocytes (BMP4 / Activin) induced from ES cells by the conventional method.
- ES cells containing the Tbx6 gene differentiated into cardiomyocytes as with BMP4 / Activin by expressing the Tbx6 gene and inducing cardiac progenitor cells and then controlling the expression of Tbx6. Therefore, it was revealed that cardiac progenitor cells were induced from ES cells by expressing Tbx6, and that cardiac progenitor cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes when Tbx6 expression was controlled.
- Example 6 Culture of human iPS cells Human iPS cells in a 10 cm tissue culture dish coated with hES-qualified Matrix (Corning, 354277) (obtained from iPS Cell Research Institute (CiRA), Kyoto University) was seeded in a state of about 10 cells / colony, and cultured under conditions of 37 ° C./5% CO 2 using a medium for human iPS cells (mTESRTM TM 1 (STEMCELL, 05850)). Thereafter, passage was performed every 7 days.
- mTESRTM TM 1 a medium for human iPS cells
- Example 7 Induction into cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes using cytokines from human iPS cells Human iPS cells were aspirated with PBS (-after 4 days before the start of induction (day-4). ), 500 ⁇ L of StemPro Accutase Cell dissociation Reagent (GIBCO, A1115-01) was added to each dish and allowed to stand at 37 ° C./5% CO 2 for 3 minutes. The cells are washed with PBS ( ⁇ ), suspended in a medium for human iPS cells, passed through a 40 ⁇ m filter, and single cells are collected. Count the number of cells, 1x10 5 cells / well and Matrigel coated 12w The cells were seeded on a multiwell plate for ell cell culture.
- GEBCO StemPro Accutase Cell dissociation Reagent
- the cells were cultured in a human serum-free differentiation medium supplemented with VEGF, and the medium was changed every 2 to 3 days. When good guidance was obtained, myocardial pulsation was observed from day 8.
- Example 8 Introduction of tetracycline gene expression regulatory system into human iPS cells A lentivirus solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 (mouse ES cells). A multiwell plate for 6-well cell culture was coated with Matrigel, 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells of human iPS cells were added to 2 mL of the virus solution, and seeded on the coated plate. From the next day, the cells were cultured in mTESR1. After the infected cells became confluent, they were passaged to 10 cm tissue culture dishes. At the stage when the colony became an appropriate size, the colony was collected and separated using a pipetteman tip under a microscope, and human iPS cells were cloned from a single colony. A human iPS cell line expressing Tbx6 in a time-specific manner was established.
- Example 9 Induction of serum-free human cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes by Tbx6
- the human iPS cells cloned in Example 8 were cloned using the same technique as in Example 7 four days before the start of induction (day-4). Seeding (FIG. 10 protocol).
- day-1 2 ⁇ g / mL of doxycycline was added to mTESR1.
- day 1 2 ⁇ g / mL of doxycycline was added to mTESR1.
- the cells were washed with PBS ( ⁇ ), replaced with a human serum-free differentiation medium, and cultured for 3 days. From day 3 onward, cells were cultured in the same manner as in Example 7.
- Tbx6 When Tbx6 was expressed by doxycycline treatment in human iPS cells into which Tbx6 had been introduced, the expression of cardiac mesoderm marker transcription factor T was confirmed by FACS and immunostaining on Day 1 (FIGS. 10A and 10B). Therefore, it was revealed that human cardiac progenitor cells are induced from human iPS cells by Tbx6 expression.
- cardiac progenitor cells derived from human iPS cells by Tbx6 can differentiate into not only human myocardium but also vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Therefore, it was shown that cardiac progenitor cells derived from human iPS cells with Tbx6 have pluripotency.
- the present invention provides a method for inducing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells.
- the present invention also provides cells that induce cardiac progenitor cells and / or cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells.
- the myocardial induced pluripotent stem cell of the present invention can regulate the induction of cardiac progenitor cells and the induction of cardiomyocytes by turning on / off the expression of Tbx6.
- cardiac progenitor cells are induced from mouse ES cells or human iPS cells using a system capable of controlling gene expression by external stimulation such as doxycycline administration, and further, Tbx6 is removed by removing the external stimulation.
- Suppressing expression induces functionally mature cardiomyocytes.
- the method for producing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes of the present invention has an efficiency 2 to 3 times higher than that of Eomes, which has been reported in the past, in mouse cells. Progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes can be produced.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 nucleotide sequence of human Tbx6.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 amino acid sequence of human Tbx6.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Nucleotide sequence of mouse Tbx6.
- SEQ ID NO: 4 amino acid sequence of mouse Tbx6.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、これらの知見に基づき完成されたものである。
[1] 多能性幹細胞にTbx6遺伝子を発現させることを含む、多能性幹細胞から心臓前駆細胞を製造する方法。
[2] (i) 多能性幹細胞にTbx6遺伝子を発現させることを含む、多能性幹細胞から心臓前駆細胞を誘導する工程、および
(ii) Tbx6遺伝子の発現を抑制することを含む、工程(i)で誘導された心臓前駆細胞から心筋細胞を誘導する工程
を含む、多能性幹細胞から心筋細胞を製造する方法。
[3] Tbx6遺伝子の発現および発現の抑制が、外的刺激に応答して発現調節する発現カセットを用いて行われるものである、[1]または[2]の方法。
[4] 多能性幹細胞にTbx6遺伝子を発現させる工程が、
Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットを、多能性幹細胞に導入する工程;および
前記発現カセットが導入された多能性幹細胞を、外的刺激の存在下に培養する工程
を含む、[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[5] 多能性幹細胞にTbx6遺伝子を発現させる工程が、
Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットを、多能性幹細胞に導入する工程;および
前記発現カセットが導入された多能性幹細胞を、外的刺激の存在下、かつ血清非存在下に培養する工程
を含む、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[6] Tbx6遺伝子の発現を抑制する工程が、
Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットが導入された多能性幹細胞を、外的刺激の非存在下に培養する工程
を含む、[2]~[5]いずれか1項に記載の方法。
[7] 多能性幹細胞が、ES細胞またはiPS細胞である、[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[8] 外的因子がテトラサイクリンまたはドキシサイクリンである、[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[9] Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットが導入されており、前記外的刺激存在下に培養することにより、心臓前駆細胞に誘導される、多能性幹細胞。
[10] Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットが導入されており、前記外的刺激存在下に培養後に、前記外的刺激非存在下に培養することにより、心筋細胞が誘導される、多能性幹細胞。
前記[9]および[10]の多能性幹細胞は、Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットが導入されていることから、当該発現カセットを含む細胞である。
詳しくは、本発明により、ドキシサイクリン投与等の外的刺激によりTbx6遺伝子発現を制御できるシステムを用いて、外的刺激の存在下にTbx6を発現させるとマウスES細胞またはヒトiPS細胞から心臓前駆細胞が誘導され、さらに、当該外的刺激を取り除くことによりTbx6発現を抑制すると、機能的に成熟な心筋細胞が誘導される。
本発明の心臓前駆細胞および心筋細胞の製造方法は、マウス細胞では既報にあるEomesによる心臓前駆細胞および心筋細胞の誘導効率と比較して2~3倍の効率を有することから、高率に心臓前駆細胞および心筋細胞を製造することができる。
本発明において用いられる多能性幹細胞は、胚性幹(ES)細胞および人工多能性幹(iPS)細胞のいずれでもよい。
本発明の心臓前駆細胞または心筋細胞の製造方法において、多能性幹細胞は、Tbx6をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸を導入される。本発明において、Tbx6のアミノ酸配列およびアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列は当分野で公知である。
本発明の一態様において、Tbx6遺伝子は、多能性幹細胞にin vitroで導入され得る。また、当該多能性幹細胞はin vitroで心臓前駆細胞または心筋細胞に誘導される。誘導された心臓前駆細胞または心筋細胞は個体内に導入できる。
本発明は、外来性のTbx6遺伝子を含む多能性幹細胞を含み、当該多能性幹細胞は、Tbx6を発現させることにより心臓前駆細胞に誘導される。また、本発明の外来性のTbx6遺伝子を含む多能性幹細胞は、Tbx6を発現させた後、Tbx6の発現を抑制し、bFGFやFGF10を含む培地で培養することによって、心筋細胞に誘導される。本明細書において「外来性」遺伝子とは、その細胞に導入される核酸をいう。本発明は、Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導可能な発現カセットを含む、多能性幹細胞を含む。Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導可能な発現カセットを含む多能性幹細胞は、前記外的刺激存在下で心臓前駆細胞に誘導される能力を有する。また、Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導可能な発現カセットを含む多能性幹細胞は、前記外的刺激によるTbx6の発現に続き前記外的刺激の存在を解除すること(すなわち、前記外的刺激の非存在下にすること)により、心筋細胞に誘導される能力を有する。
本発明において「心臓前駆細胞」は、心臓前駆細胞に特異的なマーカーを発現することにより特徴付けられる細胞である。心臓前駆細胞に特異的なマーカーは、心臓前駆細胞に特異的に発現する因子(心臓前駆細胞関連因子)であり、T、Mesp1、Flk1(KDR)、Pdgfrα、Isl1などが含まれる。心臓前駆細胞は、心臓前駆細胞に特異的なマーカーのうちの少なくとも1つ、より好ましくは少なくとも2つ、さらに好ましくは少なくとも3つを発現する。心臓前駆細胞は、好ましくは、T、Mesp1、およびFlk1(KDR)を発現する細胞である。
本発明において「心筋細胞」は、心筋細胞に特異的なマーカーを発現することにより特徴付けられる細胞である。心筋細胞に特異的なマーカーは、心筋細胞に特異的に発現する因子(心筋細胞関連因子)であり、心トロポニン(cTnT)、Nkx2.5、Actn2などが含まれる。心筋細胞は、心筋細胞に特異的なマーカーのうちの少なくとも1つ、より好ましくは少なくとも2つ、さらに好ましくは少なくとも3つを発現する。心筋細胞は、好ましくは、cTnT、およびNkx2.5を発現する細胞である。
また、本発明においては、心筋細胞は多能性幹細胞から誘導されることから、誘導心筋細胞と称することもある。
同様に、多能性幹細胞から誘導された細胞が心筋細胞であることは、前述のとおり心筋細胞に特異的なマーカーの発現により確認することができる。このように心臓前駆細胞に特異的なマーカーの発現が確認された細胞は、心筋様細胞とも称される。
マーカー発現は、遺伝子レベルまたはタンパク質レベルにより確認することができる。
本発明は、多能性幹細胞からの心臓前駆細胞誘導剤、または多能性幹細胞からの心筋細胞誘導剤をも提供する。
本発明のTbx6遺伝子を含む多能性幹細胞は、治療の必要な個体においてそのような治療のために使用できる。同様に、本発明の誘導心臓前駆細胞または誘導心筋細胞は治療の必要な個体においてそのような治療のために使用できる。本発明のTbx6遺伝子を含む多能性幹細胞、または本発明の誘導心臓前駆細胞または誘導心筋細胞は、レシピエント個体(治療の必要な個体)中に導入することができ、その場合、本発明のTbx6遺伝子を含む多能性幹細胞、または本発明の誘導心臓前駆細胞または誘導心筋細胞のレシピエント個体への導入は、個体における状態または障害を治療する。したがって、本発明は、本発明のTbx6遺伝子を含む多能性幹細、または本発明の誘導心臓前駆細胞または誘導心筋細胞を個体に投与することを含む治療方法に関する。
ゼラチンコーティングした10 cm組織培養用dish(Thermo Scientific社、172958)にマウスT-GFP ES細胞(Prof. Gordon Keller, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower MaRS Centre 101 College Street, Room 8-706 Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 CANADAより入手)を1.0×106 cell/dishの濃度で播種し、ES細胞用培地(表1)を用いて37℃/5% CO2条件下で培養した。以降、2~3日毎に継代を行った。T-GFP ES細胞は、心臓中胚葉のマーカー転写因子であるTが発現した際に、GFPが陽性となる細胞である。
実施例1で継代したES細胞は、ES細胞用培地を吸引した後にPBS(-)で洗浄し、各dishに対して0.05%Trypsin-EDTAを2 mL加え、37℃/5% CO2条件下で3分間静置した。細胞が培養液に浮き上がることを確認した後、1 mL FBS/7 mL IMDM溶液で中和し、15 mLチューブ(Corning社、430791)に細胞を回収した。1100 RPM/3分間遠心した後に上清を吸引し、細胞沈殿物にIMDM 10 mLを加え、細胞数を計測した。7.5×105 cellの溶液を新しい15 mLチューブに移し、1100 RPM/3分間遠心した後に、上清を吸引した。無血清培地(表2)10 mLにL-ascorbic acidおよび1-thyolglycerolを加えた無血清分化用培地(表3)を細胞沈殿物に加え、10 cm滅菌シャーレ(IWAKI社、SH90-15)に播種した(day0)。
実施例3では、レンチウイルスを用いてマウスES細胞にTbx6を遺伝子導入した。用いたベクターは、ドキシサイクリンの添加によって、時期特異的に導入遺伝子の発現を制御することが可能である(図1)。
翌日(day2)、1500μL Opti-MEM(gibco社、31985-070)にLipofectamine 36μL(Invitrogen社、1168-019)を混合した溶液Aと、1500μL Opti-MEMにCSIV-TRE-RfA-UbC-KT-Tbx6プラスミド 25μg、pMDL 10μg、およびpCMV-VSV-G-RSV-Rev 10μgを混合した溶液Bとを作製し、室温で5分間静置した。その後、溶液Aと溶液Bを混合した混合液Cを作製し、20分間静置した。day1に用意した293T細胞から培地を吸引した後に、混合液C 3mLと293T細胞用培地(表6-1)7mLとを混合した溶液を加え、37℃/5% CO2条件下で培養した(トランスフェクション)。
また、day4でのウイルス液感染用に、ゼラチンコーティングした12 well細胞培養用マルチウェルプレート(FALCON社、353043)にES細胞を3.0×105 cell/wellの濃度で播種し、ES細胞用培地で培養した。
day0では、実施例2と同様の手法を用いて、実施例3でクローニングしたES細胞を播種した。その際に、血清分化用培地にはドキシサイクリン (Sigma社、D9891)2μg/mLを添加した。
day1では、実施例2と同様にシャーレの撹拌を行った。
day2においても、実施例2と同様の手法で滅菌シャーレに細胞を播種した。ただし、この際の培地はday0と同様にドキシサイクリンを添加した無血清分化用培地を使用した。
day3では、実施例2と同様にシャーレの撹拌を行った。
day4において、誘導された心臓前駆細胞の解析を行った。また、day4以降は、実施例3と同様に実験を行った。
[FACS解析方法]
心臓前駆細胞を含む胚葉体を培地と共に回収し、0.25% Trypsin-EDTAを加え、37℃/5% CO2条件下で2分間静置し、単一細胞にした。Trypsin-EDTAを中和した後に、15 mLチューブ(Corning社、430791)に細胞を回収した。回収した細胞を1500rpm/5分間/4℃で遠心分離した。上清を吸引後、細胞沈殿物にFACS施行用溶液(5%FBS/PBS)(表6-2)100μLを加え、十分に混ぜ合わせた。
図4は、免疫染色によるGFPの画像である。実施例で使用したES細胞(T-GFP ES細胞)は心臓中胚葉のマーカー転写因子であるTが発現した際に、GFPが陽性となる細胞である。「Off」は、ドキシサイクリンを添加しない実施例4の細胞株、「On」はドキシサイクリンによりTbx6を誘導させた実施例4の細胞株、「BMP4/Activin」は、BMP4およびActivinによりES細胞から分化させた細胞(実施例2)の結果を示す(Day 4)。テトラサイクリン遺伝子発現調節システムを用いてマウスES細胞にTbx6遺伝子を導入した細胞(実施例3および4)では、ドキシサイクリンの添加によってGFPが陽性となったことから、心臓中胚葉のマーカー転写因子であるTが発現したことがわかる。また、実施例3および4のES細胞では、ドキシサイクリンによって、BMP4およびActivinなどのサイトカインを使用した細胞(実施例2)と同程度にGFPが発現した。
したがって、Tbx6をES細胞に遺伝子導入すると、無血清かつ液性因子を使用せずに心臓前駆細胞を誘導できることが示された。また、本実施例では、サイトカインを使用した場合(BMP4/Activin)と同程度の誘導効率で心臓前駆細胞を誘導できることが示された。
図5は、GFPの発現をFACSで測定した結果を示す。前述のとおり、実施例で使用したES細胞は心臓中胚葉のマーカー転写因子であるTが発現した際に、GFPが陽性となる。「Off」は、ドキシサイクリンを添加しない実施例4の細胞株、「On」はドキシサイクリンによりTbx6を誘導させた実施例4の細胞株、「BMP4/Activin」は、BMP4およびActivinによりES細胞から分化させた細胞(実施例2)の結果を示す(Day 4)。テトラサイクリン遺伝子発現調節システムを用いてマウスES細胞にTbx6遺伝子を導入した細胞(実施例3および4)では、ドキシサイクリンの添加によってGFP発現陽性細胞が81.3%であったのに対し、「BMP4/Activin」では、95.6%の細胞がGFP陽性細胞であった。この結果から、Tbx6をES細胞に遺伝子導入し、発現させると、心臓中胚葉のマーカー転写因子であるTが発現し、心臓前駆細胞が誘導されることがわかった。
心臓前駆細胞誘導3日目以降にTbx6発現を中止し、成熟分化した拍動心筋細胞を誘導させた。具体的には、ドキシサイクリンは、誘導開始から3日間のみ培地に存在させ(図3)、Day 14における心筋細胞の誘導を検討した。
hES-qualified Matrix(Corning社、354277)でコーティングした10 cm組織培養用dishにヒトiPS細胞(京都大学 iPS細胞研究所(CiRA)医療応用推進室より入手)を約10 cells/colonyの状態で播種し、ヒトiPS細胞用培地(mTESRTMTM1(STEMCELL社、05850))を用いて37℃/5% CO2条件下で培養した。以降、7日毎に継代を行った。
誘導開始4日前(day-4)にヒトiPS細胞用培地を吸引した後に、ヒトiPS細胞をPBS(-)で洗浄し、各dishに対してStemPro Accutase Cell dissociation Reagent(GIBCO社、A1115-01)を500μL加え、37℃/5% CO2条件下で3分間静置した。細胞をPBS(-)で洗浄した後、ヒトiPS細胞用培地で懸濁して40μmフィルターを通し、単細胞を回収する。細胞数を計測し、1×105 cell/wellでMatrigelコーティング済みの12w
ell細胞培養用マルチウェルプレートに播種した。
実施例3(マウスES細胞)と同様に、レンチウイルス溶液を調製した。
6 well細胞培養用マルチウェルプレートをMatrigelでコーティングしておき、ウイルス溶液2 mLに対してヒトiPS細胞を2×104cell加え、コーティング済みのプレートに播種した。
翌日からmTESR1で培養した。感染細胞がコンフルエントになった後、10 cm組織培養dishに継代した。コロニーが適度な大きさになった段階で、顕微鏡下でピペットマン先端を用いてコロニーを採取分離し、単一コロニーからのヒトiPS細胞のクローニングを行った。時期特異的にTbx6を発現するヒトiPS細胞株を樹立した。
誘導開始4日前(day-4)において、実施例7と同様の手法を用いて実施例8でクローニングしたヒトiPS細胞を播種した(図10 プロトコール)。
誘導開始1日前(day-1)に、mTESR1にドキシサイクリン2μg/mLを添加した。
day0に、細胞をPBS(-)で洗った後、ヒト無血清分化用培地に交換し、3日間培養した。
day3以降は実施例7と同様の方法で細胞を培養した。
ES細胞を用いたときと同様に、iPS細胞からの心臓前駆細胞の誘導を検証した。ES細胞とは異なり、ヒトiPS細胞の場合は誘導開始前1日間のみ(Day-1)、Tbx6を発現させた(図10 プロトコール、Dox On)。
したがって、Tbx6発現によって、ヒトiPS細胞からヒト心臓前駆細胞が誘導されることが明らかとなった。
Tbx6を遺伝子導入したヒトiPS細胞において、ドキシサイクリン処理によってTbx6を発現させると、Day 14において、心筋細胞のマーカーであるトロポニンTの発現がFACSにより確認された(図10C)。また、Tbx6発現により誘導した心臓前駆細胞は拍動する成熟心筋細胞まで分化することが確認された(Day 14)。
また、トロポニンTの他、心臓前駆細胞由来の血管内皮細胞マーカー(CD31)および平滑筋マーカー(Calponin)の発現が認められた(図10D)。
したがって、Tbx6によりヒトiPS細胞から誘導された心臓前駆細胞は、ヒト心筋だけではなく、血管内皮細胞や平滑筋細胞にも分化し得ることが示された。よって、Tbx6によりヒトiPS細胞から誘導された心臓前駆細胞は多能性を有することが示された。
詳しくは、本発明により、ドキシサイクリン投与等の外的刺激により遺伝子発現を制御できるシステムを用いて、マウスES細胞またはヒトiPS細胞から心臓前駆細胞が誘導され、さらに、外的刺激を取り除くことによりTbx6発現を抑制すると、機能的に成熟な心筋細胞が誘導される。
本発明の心臓前駆細胞および心筋細胞の製造方法は、マウス細胞では既報にあるEomesによる心臓前駆細胞および心筋細胞の誘導効率と比較して2~3倍の効率を有することから、高率に心臓前駆細胞および心筋細胞を製造することができる。
配列番号2:ヒトTbx6のアミノ酸配列。
配列番号3:マウスTbx6のヌクレオチド配列。
配列番号4:マウスTbx6のアミノ酸配列。
Claims (10)
- 多能性幹細胞にTbx6遺伝子を発現させることを含む、多能性幹細胞から心臓前駆細胞を製造する方法。
- (i) 多能性幹細胞にTbx6遺伝子を発現させることを含む、多能性幹細胞から心臓前駆細胞を誘導する工程、および
(ii) Tbx6遺伝子の発現を抑制することを含む、工程(i)で誘導された心臓前駆細胞から心筋細胞を誘導する工程
を含む、多能性幹細胞から心筋細胞を製造する方法。 - Tbx6遺伝子の発現および発現の抑制が、外的刺激に応答して発現調節する発現カセットを用いて行われるものである、請求項1または2の方法。
- 多能性幹細胞にTbx6遺伝子を発現させる工程が、
Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットを、多能性幹細胞に導入する工程;および
前記発現カセットが導入された多能性幹細胞を、外的刺激の存在下に培養する工程
を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 多能性幹細胞にTbx6遺伝子を発現させる工程が、
Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットを、多能性幹細胞に導入する工程;および
前記発現カセットが導入された多能性幹細胞を、外的刺激の存在下、かつ血清非存在下に培養する工程
を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - Tbx6遺伝子の発現を抑制する工程が、
Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットが導入された多能性幹細胞を、外的刺激の非存在下に培養する工程
を含む、請求項2~5いずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 多能性幹細胞が、ES細胞またはiPS細胞である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 外的因子がテトラサイクリンまたはドキシサイクリンである、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットが導入されており、前記外的刺激存在下に培養することにより、心臓前駆細胞に誘導される、多能性幹細胞。
- Tbx6遺伝子の発現を外的刺激に応答して誘導することが可能な発現カセットが導入されており、前記外的刺激存在下に培養後に、前記外的刺激非存在下に培養することにより、心筋細胞が誘導される、多能性幹細胞。
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