WO2017152843A1

WO2017152843A1 - Battery system, electric vehicle having battery system, and energy storage system

Info

Publication number: WO2017152843A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/075975
Authority: WO
Inventors: 吴粤滨
Original assignee: 曾丹玢
Priority date: 2016-03-10
Filing date: 2017-03-08
Publication date: 2017-09-14
Also published as: CN105591050B; CN105591050A

Abstract

Disclosed is a battery system, comprising multiple power supply circuits arranged in parallel, each power supply circuit being provided with several battery packs connected in series, and each power supply circuit being configured, under the control of a control unit, to either supply power to an electrical device or to cut off power supply to the electrical device. An electrical vehicle having the battery system, specifically a power lithium battery system or other types of rechargeable secondary battery systems. The battery system of the present invention is also applicable in various energy storage systems. The present invention effectively solves the problem found in battery systems in terms of reliability and safety, cooling and heating performances, and battery protection.

Description

Battery system, electric vehicle and energy storage system having the same

Technical field

The present invention relates to a battery system, an electric vehicle having the same, and an energy storage system.

Background technique

The existing power lithium battery system and energy storage system are all single power supply loop architectures. As shown in Figure 1, it consists of a single independent battery pack. The disadvantage is that burning of a certain battery will cause adjacent batteries to burn and cause interlocking. The reaction eventually burns the entire battery pack, and a large amount of battery burn will become uncontrollable, which will cause great harm. Therefore, when a battery is overcharged or overdischarged, and the ambient temperature is lower or higher than the operating temperature range, the entire power supply circuit must be disconnected to avoid accidents. This protection reduces the efficiency and lowers the battery system. The cruising range of the vehicle. The single loop power supply architecture affects the reliability and safety of the battery system.

In the structure of the battery pack, represented by a square battery, the existing battery pack structure is to place the batteries in the same box in a centralized manner. Since a large number of batteries are placed in the same box, the batteries are closely arranged, once a battery The combustion of the monomer will cause the adjacent battery to burn, and then a chain reaction will result in the safety of the battery pack being out of control. Therefore, the existing battery pack structure lacks reliability and safety. At the same time, the thermal management system of the existing battery pack structure is extremely complicated, and various heat dissipation structural components increase the volume and weight of the battery pack.

In addition, the temperature control system in the existing power lithium battery system uses both the cooling system and the heating system. In the cooling system, the open battery pack structure adopts a gas convection method to extract heat between the batteries, thereby reducing the temperature in the battery pack; the sealed battery pack structure adopts a serpentine liquid cooling method to transfer heat between the batteries to the serpentine shape. The liquid in the tube, the cooling device outside the battery pack cools the liquid, and then flows back into the serpentine tube of the battery pack to restart the cycle. In the heating system, the open battery pack structure adopts a resistance wire heating method to improve the temperature of the battery in the battery pack; in the sealed battery pack structure, the liquid is heated by the heating device outside the battery pack, and then flows back into the serpentine tube of the battery pack. The liquid in the serpentine tube conducts heat to the battery, and then flows back to the heating device outside the battery pack through the serpentine tube to restart the cycle.

The convection mode with the external gas can not achieve the waterproof level of the battery pack, and the convection will accelerate the combustion of the battery in the package; the closed liquid circulation method makes the processing and installation of the serpentine tube member difficult, occupies the internal space of the battery pack, and leaks Causes a short circuit and causes a serious safety accident. And because The cooling system and the heating system of the existing battery system are two different subsystems. The cooling system adopts gas or liquid cooling to increase the volume of the battery pack, the structure of the air duct or the pipeline is complicated, and the cooling efficiency is low.

Summary of the invention

The main object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a battery system and an electric vehicle having the same, in particular, a power lithium battery system and an electric vehicle, which solve the reliability and safety of the battery system, cooling and heating. And problems with battery protection.

The present invention also provides an energy storage system having such a battery system.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A battery system includes a plurality of power supply circuits arranged in parallel, each power supply circuit having a plurality of battery packs connected in series, each power supply circuit being configured to be capable of powering or shutting off power to the powered device under the control of the control unit Power supply to the device.

further:

The battery pack has a battery pack case and a plurality of battery modules disposed in the battery pack case, each battery module includes a plurality of single cells, and a plurality of fireproof compartments are formed in the battery pack case Each battery module is correspondingly disposed in a fireproof compartment; preferably, a plurality of temperature sensors are disposed in the battery module, and the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the battery in the fireproof compartment .

The plurality of fireproof compartments are formed by a plurality of partition plates made of a fireproof material disposed in the battery pack casing.

The battery pack case is a metal case or a case of an insulating material embedded with a metal heat conductive member.

An internal vortex fan is installed in each fireproof compartment, and each fire compartment is structurally disposed as an independent internal gas circulation chamber through which the gas circulates internally, and the fire vent is driven by the internal vortex fan The gas inside circulates in the internal gas circulation chamber.

Each fire compartment includes an outer divider panel and an inner divider panel for separating adjacent fire compartments, the inner divider separating the interior of the fire compartment into a fan duct And a battery module air duct, the internal vortex fan is mounted on a side of the inner partition plate on the fan air duct, and the fan air duct and the battery module air duct are in the inner portion One end of the partition is communicated by the internal vortex fan, the fan duct and the battery module duct are directly communicated at the other end of the inner partition, and the battery module is disposed at the battery module In the group air passage, the gas in the air duct of the battery module is circulated through the inner partition plate through the inner partition fan into the fan duct, and flows from the other end of the inner partition plate. The battery module In the group air passage, gas circulation convection is formed.

The battery module air duct has a lateral empty area and a longitudinal empty area that are not occupied by the battery module, and the horizontal empty area is directly connected to the fan air duct, and the longitudinal empty area is located in the battery module and the The opposite side of the inner partition plate is in direct communication with the lateral empty area.

A battery module control unit of each battery module extends along a length direction of the inner partition plate on a side of the inner partition plate facing the fan duct.

Also included is a semiconductor cooling and heating unit disposed outside the battery pack housing, preferably one of the semiconductor cooling and heating units is disposed corresponding to each fireproof compartment, the semiconductor cooling and heating unit including the semiconductor refrigeration sheet and a control circuit connected to the semiconductor refrigerating sheet, wherein the semiconductor refrigerating sheet forms heat exchange with an internal air passage through heat conduction of the battery pack case, and cools the battery pack by controlling a direction of current flowing through the semiconductor refrigerating sheet or heating.

Also included is a heat sink mounted on the semiconductor cooling and heating unit.

Also included is a heat dissipation fan disposed outside of the semiconductor cooling and heating unit.

The battery pack housing is a hermetic housing and is provided with a suction/injection valve in which air is drawn through the suction/injection valve and a dry inert gas is poured. Preferably, the internally infused inert gas is greater than one standard atmosphere.

An electric vehicle having the battery system described.

An energy storage system having the battery system.

The beneficial effects of the invention:

The battery system of the invention adopts a distributed architecture of multiple power supply circuits, and splits the large-capacity battery pack of the existing battery system into several small-capacity battery packs, and limits the number of batteries and the battery capacity of the single battery pack to a safe, Within the controllable range, the risk of safety loss of control of a single large-capacity battery pack is greatly reduced; and when some power supply circuits fail, the other power supply circuits can still make the system work normally without affecting the operation of the entire system. , thus significantly improving the safety and reliability of the battery system.

Further, through the design of the battery pack structure, each battery pack is divided into a plurality of battery modules, and each battery module has an independent fireproof compartment, thereby limiting the combustion range to fire prevention in the event of a burning accident in individual battery modules. In the isolation compartment, avoid spreading to other battery modules, thereby enhancing the safety and reliability of the battery pack and further improving the safety, reliability and stability of the battery system.

Further, each battery module of the battery pack has an independent internal gas circulation chamber, and each battery module is configured with an internal vortex fan installed in the fireproof compartment, through the internal vortex wind The fan drives the gas circulation convection in the fireproof compartment structure to achieve reliable adjustment control of the operating temperature of the battery inside the battery pack.

Further, for a battery pack, in particular, a semiconductor cooling and heating unit based on a semiconductor refrigerating sheet is used for each battery module, and a semiconductor refrigerating sheet is disposed on the fireproof compartment shell, and the current direction flowing through the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is controlled to complete The function of cooling or heating the battery module. Since the cooling and heating unit all uses electronic components without moving parts, the cooling and heating unit has the advantages of small volume, convenient control and installation, and stable operation.

Further, an external heat dissipating fan is disposed outside the battery module, in particular, outside the semiconductor refrigerating sheet, and an external heat dissipating fan drives the external gas circulation convection of the fireproof compartment to adjust and control the operating temperature of the battery inside the battery module.

Further, the air in the sealed battery pack is withdrawn, and the inert gas is poured, so that there is no combustion and moisture vapor conduction inside the battery pack. When the battery in the battery pack is in a burning accident, the inert gas can effectively prevent the organic matter in the battery. It burns and, because it is a dry inert gas, without water vapor, it can effectively prevent the short-circuit hazard that may occur when condensation occurs. Due to the isolation of the inert gas, it is also possible to prevent the burning accident of individual batteries from causing other adjacent batteries to burn.

In summary, through the distributed architecture of multiple power supply loops, the battery capacity of the battery pack is reduced, the internal and external circulation systems and the semiconductor cooling and heating unit control the operating temperature of the battery, and the inert gas is poured into the battery pack, thereby greatly improving the battery system, especially the power. The safety and reliability of the lithium battery system, the system structure is simple, the performance is stable, and it is very cost-effective.

The invention can be applied to various rechargeable secondary battery systems, such as: lithium ion batteries, lead acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium ion polymer batteries, fuel cells, super capacitors, flow batteries, and the like.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional power lithium battery system using a single power supply loop architecture;

2 is a schematic diagram of a battery system using a multi-power supply loop architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural view of an internal structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram (top view) of a gas circulation inside a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the inside and outside of a single circulation cavity in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a top plan view of a single circulation cavity in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a front elevational view showing a single circulation chamber in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

8 is a schematic structural view of a semiconductor cooling and heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic view of an electric vehicle with a battery system of an embodiment of the present invention installed at the bottom;

Figure 10 is a side elevational view of the electric vehicle shown in Figure 9;

11 is a diagram showing a battery pack mounting arrangement of a battery system on an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below. It is to be understood that the following description is only illustrative, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 , in one embodiment, a battery system includes a plurality of power supply circuits arranged in parallel, each power supply circuit having a plurality of battery packs connected in series, each of the power supply circuits being disposed at the control unit Under control, it is possible to supply power to the powered device or cut off power to the powered device.

The use of multiple power supply loop architectures can improve the reliability and safety of the battery system. When a power supply loop fails, the power supply loop can be cut off, and other power supply loops continue to operate normally. Each battery circuit can be equipped with multiple battery packs, which can reduce the number of batteries in the battery pack, and at the same time, reduce the total capacity of the battery pack, thereby avoiding the safety runaway problem that may occur in a single large-capacity battery pack.

Referring to FIGS. 1-8, in a preferred embodiment, the battery pack 100 has a battery pack case 105 and a plurality of battery modules 200 disposed in the battery pack case 105, each of the battery modules 200. A plurality of single cells 210 are formed, and a plurality of

fireproof compartments

110, 120, 130 are formed in the battery pack casing 105, and each of the battery modules 200 is correspondingly disposed in one

fireproof compartment

110, 120, 130, respectively. . In a more preferred embodiment, the plurality of

fire barriers

110, 120, 130 are formed by a plurality of divider panels 106 of fire resistant material disposed within the battery pack housing 105.

More preferably, a plurality of temperature sensors are provided in the battery module 200 for measuring the temperature of the battery in the fireproof compartment. The temperature measurement information of the temperature sensor is transmitted to the control unit, and the control unit monitors each battery pack and its battery module according to the temperature measurement information.

In a preferred embodiment, the battery pack housing 105 is a metal housing or a housing in which an insulating material of a metal heat conductive member is embedded. More preferably, a good thermally conductive material can be partially embedded within the battery pack housing 105 for conducting heat between the inside of the shell and the outside of the shell.

In a more preferred embodiment,

internal venting fans

110, 120, 135 are mounted in each

fire compartment

110, 120, 130, and each

fire compartment

110, 120, 130 is structurally provided separately. The internal gas circulation chamber in which the gas circulates internally drives the gas in the

fireproof compartments

110, 120, 130 to circulate in the internal gas circulation chamber by the

internal vortex fans

115, 125, 135. The

internal vortex fans

115, 125, 135 may have a fan cover 220. The fan cover 220 has an air outlet 116.

Each of the battery modules 200 is located in an inner circulation chamber, and the air passages constitute an independent inner circulation structure. The

internal vortex fans

115, 125, and 135 drive the gas in the inner circulation chamber to circulate along the air passage. The metal casing of the battery pack 100 can function as a heat sink.

In a further preferred embodiment, each

fire compartment

110, 120, 130 includes an outer divider panel 106 and an inner divider panel 230 for separating

adjacent fire barriers

110, 120 The inner partitioning plate 230 divides the interior of the

fireproof compartment

110, 120, 130 into a fan duct and a battery module duct 260, and the

internal vortex fans

115, 125, 135 are installed therein. A partition plate 230 is located on a side of the fan duct, and the fan duct and the battery module duct pass through the

internal vortex fans

115, 125, 135 at one end of the inner partition plate 230. The fan duct and the battery module air duct are directly connected to each other at the other end of the inner partition plate 230. The battery module 200 is disposed in the battery module air duct 260. The gas in the air duct of the battery module is driven through the inner partition plate 230 through the

inner vortex fan

115, 125, 135, and flows into the fan air passage through the air outlet 116 of the fan cover 220, and from the The other end of the inner partition plate 230 flows into the air duct of the battery module to form a gas circulation convection.

Preferably, the battery module air duct has a lateral empty area 240 and a longitudinal empty area that are not occupied by the battery module, and the horizontal empty area 240 is directly connected to the fan air duct, and the longitudinal empty area is located at the inner partition plate 230 of the battery module. The opposite outer side is in direct communication with the lateral empty area 240.

Preferably, the battery module control unit 280 of each battery module extends along the length direction of the inner partition plate 230 on the side of the inner partition plate 230 facing the fan air passage.

In a preferred embodiment, semiconductor cooling and

heating units

118, 128, 138 are also disposed outside of the battery pack housing 105, and more preferably, one of the semiconductors is disposed corresponding to each of the

fireproof compartments

110, 120, 130. Cooling and

heating units

118, 128, 138, the semiconductor cooling and

heating unit

118, 128, 138 comprising a semiconductor refrigerating sheet 251 and a control circuit (not shown) connected to the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 251, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 251 having The A face 252 and the B face 253, depending on the direction of the current flowing through the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 251, the A face 252 and the B face 253 serve as a hot face and a cold face, respectively, or the A face 252 and the B face 253 serve as a cold face and a heat, respectively. The semiconductor refrigerating sheet 251 is heat-exchanged with the inner air passage by the heat conduction of the battery pack case 105, and the cooling or heating function is realized by controlling the direction of the current flowing through the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 251 to the battery pack 100. Cool down or heat up.

In a more preferred embodiment, fins 255 are also mounted on the semiconductor cooling and

heating units

118, 128, 138.

In a more preferred embodiment, at the semiconductor cooling and

heating unit

118, 128, 138 A vortex cooling fan 258 is also disposed on the outer side. The external eddy current cooling fan 258 can drive external gas circulation convection to control and adjust the operating temperature of each battery module 200 inside the battery pack 100.

The heat sink 255 and the eddy current cooling fan on the semiconductor cooling and

heating units

118, 128, 138 form an external heat circulation system with the outside air of the battery pack 100 to accelerate heat dissipation to the external environment.

The battery pack case 105 is a hermetic case and is provided with an air/injection valve in which air is extracted through the air/injection valve and a dry inert gas is poured. More preferably, the internally infused inert gas is greater than one standard atmospheric pressure to ensure that the battery pack does not leak when immersed in water, and the internal infusion pressure is related to the design waterproof rating.

In another embodiment, an electric vehicle can have the battery system of any of the preceding embodiments.

In yet another embodiment, an energy storage system can have the battery system of any of the preceding embodiments.

The battery system can be various rechargeable secondary battery systems, such as: lithium ion batteries, lead acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium ion polymer batteries, fuel cells, super capacitors, flow batteries, and the like.

Referring to Figures 9-11, an electric vehicle having a power lithium battery system, preferably, the electric vehicle 400 is mounted with a power lithium battery system of an embodiment of the present invention on an automobile chassis hanger 410. The battery system main controller 420 is installed at the front end of the vehicle body or integrated in the battery pack. The power lithium battery system is composed of several identical power supply power circuits. Each power supply power circuit is composed of a plurality of battery packs 100. Each battery pack 100 is composed of a plurality of battery modules 200. The battery pack 100 is externally provided with a battery module. The group 200 has a corresponding number of semiconductor cooling and

heating units

118, 128, 138, and the battery pack is filled with an inert gas to prevent the battery from burning.

A semiconductor refrigerating sheet ("Peltier") is used as a core component to achieve integration of cooling and heating, using gas as a conductive medium, in the interior of a closed battery pack, through the internal gas circulation chamber of the battery pack and the external thermal cycle of the battery pack. The internal heat of the battery pack and the external environment are exchanged, and the temperature of the battery in the battery pack is controlled within an allowable temperature range.

The battery pack 100 adopts a sealing structure, and the air inside the battery pack is taken out through the air suction/injection valve on the battery pack casing 105, and then the pure dry inert gas is poured, preferably, the battery pack is maintained at an atmospheric pressure or more. Since there is no oxygen in the battery pack, only the inert gas destroys the burning condition of the organic matter of the battery. When the battery is short-circuited, it can effectively prevent the organic matter in the battery from burning. Burning, preventing the battery from burning, can also avoid burning other adjacent batteries; only dry inert gas in the battery pack, no wet water vapor, can avoid the short circuit that may occur when the water vapor condenses, thus improving the protection of the battery inside the battery pack.

The above is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific/preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the specific embodiments of the invention are limited to the description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; It belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

A battery system, comprising: a plurality of power supply circuits arranged in parallel, each power supply circuit having a plurality of battery packs connected in series, each power supply circuit being configured to be capable of supplying power to the powered device under the control of the control unit or Cut off power to the powered device.
The battery system according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack has a battery pack case and a plurality of battery modules disposed in the battery pack case, each of the battery modules including a plurality of single cells a plurality of fireproof compartments are formed in the battery pack casing, and each of the battery modules is correspondingly disposed in a fireproof compartment. Preferably, the battery pack shell is a metal shell or embedded with a metal heat conducting component. The housing of the insulating material; preferably, a plurality of temperature sensors are disposed in the battery module, the temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the battery in the fireproof compartment.
The battery system according to claim 2, wherein said plurality of fireproof compartments are formed by partitioning a plurality of partition plates of fireproof material disposed in said battery pack casing.
A battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein each of the fireproof compartments is provided with an internal vortex fan, and each of the fire compartments is structurally arranged to be independently circulated for gas inside. A circulating internal gas circulation chamber through which the gas in the fire isolation compartment is circulated and convected in the internal gas circulation chamber.
The battery system according to claim 4, wherein each of the fireproof compartments comprises an outer partitioning panel and an inner partitioning panel, the outer partitioning panel for separating adjacent fireproof compartments, the inner partition a partition partitioning the interior of the fire compartment into a fan duct and a battery module duct, the internal vortex fan being mounted on a side of the inner partition located on the fan duct, the fan wind And a battery module air passage is communicated at one end of the inner partition plate through the internal vortex fan, the fan air passage and the battery module air duct at the other end of the inner partition plate Directly connected, the battery module is disposed in the air duct of the battery module, and the gas in the air duct of the battery module flows through the inner partition plate to the fan air passage through the driving of the internal vortex fan And flowing into the air duct of the battery module from the other end of the inner partition plate to form a gas circulation convection.
The battery system according to claim 5, wherein the battery module air passage has a lateral empty area and a longitudinal empty area that are not occupied by the battery module, and the horizontal empty area is directly connected to the fan air duct. The longitudinal empty area is located on a side of the battery module opposite to the inner partition plate, and is in direct communication with the horizontal empty area. Preferably, the battery module control unit of each battery module is along the The inner partition plate extends in the longitudinal direction of the inner partition plate facing the wind On the side of the fan duct.
A battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 6, further comprising a semiconductor cooling and heating unit disposed outside the battery pack casing, preferably one of said fireproof compartments is provided a semiconductor cooling and heating unit comprising a semiconductor refrigerating sheet and a control circuit connected to the semiconductor refrigerating sheet, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet forming heat exchange with an inner air passage through heat conduction of the battery pack case, Cooling or heating the battery pack by controlling the direction of current flowing through the semiconductor refrigerating sheet; preferably, further comprising a heat sink mounted on the semiconductor cooling and heating unit, and a semiconductor cooling and heating unit External cooling fan.
The battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the battery pack case is a hermetic case and is provided with an air/injection valve, and the battery pack case passes through the pumping The gas/injection valve draws air and is filled with a dry inert gas. Preferably, the internally filled inert gas is greater than one standard atmosphere.
An electric vehicle characterized by having the battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
An energy storage system characterized by having the battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.