WO2017026269A1 - 二次電池用負極およびその製造方法、二次電池およびその製造方法、ならびに電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 - Google Patents
二次電池用負極およびその製造方法、二次電池およびその製造方法、ならびに電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
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- polyacrylate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/388—Halogens
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present technology includes a negative electrode used for a secondary battery and a manufacturing method thereof, a secondary battery using the negative electrode and a manufacturing method thereof, a battery pack using the secondary battery, an electric vehicle, an electric power storage system, an electric tool, and It relates to electronic equipment.
- a variety of electronic devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) are widely used, and there is a demand for further downsizing, weight reduction, and longer life of the electronic devices. Accordingly, as a power source, development of a secondary battery that is small, lightweight, and capable of obtaining a high energy density is in progress.
- Secondary batteries are not limited to the electronic devices described above, but are also being considered for other uses.
- a battery pack detachably mounted on an electronic device, an electric vehicle such as an electric vehicle, an electric power storage system such as a household electric power server, and an electric tool such as an electric drill.
- the secondary battery includes an electrolyte solution together with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and the like. Since the configuration of the negative electrode greatly affects the battery characteristics, various studies have been made on the configuration of the negative electrode.
- a negative electrode active material in which a resin film containing polyacrylic acid is provided on the surface of silicon oxide particles is used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a negative electrode for a secondary battery and a method for manufacturing the same a secondary battery and a method for manufacturing the same, and a battery pack, an electric vehicle, an electric power storage system, an electric tool, and an electronic device capable of obtaining excellent battery characteristics. It is desirable.
- the negative electrode for a secondary battery includes a first negative electrode active material, a second negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode binder.
- the first negative electrode active material is provided on the surface of the first central portion containing a material containing silicon as a constituent element, and the first central portion, and contains at least one of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt. A first covering portion.
- the second negative electrode active material contains a material containing carbon as a constituent element.
- the negative electrode binder contains at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, and aramid.
- the manufacturing method of the negative electrode for secondary batteries of one embodiment of the present technology is to manufacture a negative electrode by the following procedure in the manufacturing process of the negative electrode used for the secondary battery.
- An aqueous dispersion containing a first central part containing a material containing silicon as a constituent element, at least one of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt, and an aqueous solvent is prepared.
- coated part containing at least one of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt was formed in the surface of a 1st center part from the aqueous dispersion liquid is isolate
- the negative electrode is produced using a non-aqueous dispersion.
- a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present technology includes an electrolyte solution together with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the negative electrode has the same configuration as the negative electrode for a secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present technology described above.
- a method for manufacturing a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present technology in which the manufacturing process of the negative electrode is a manufacturing process of a negative electrode used in a secondary battery together with a positive electrode and an electrolyte. The procedure similar to the manufacturing method of the negative electrode is used.
- Each of the battery pack, the electric vehicle, the power storage system, the electric tool, and the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present technology includes a secondary battery, and the secondary battery includes the secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present technology described above. It has the same configuration.
- the negative electrode includes the first negative electrode active material, the second negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode binder, the first negative electrode active material, Since each of the second negative electrode active material and the negative electrode binder has the above-described configuration, excellent battery characteristics can be obtained. In addition, similar effects can be obtained in each of the battery pack, the electric vehicle, the power storage system, the electric tool, or the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a secondary battery or the method for manufacturing a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present technology after preparing the aqueous dispersion and the non-aqueous dispersion in this order, the non-aqueous dispersion Therefore, the secondary battery electrode or the secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present technology described above is manufactured. Therefore, excellent battery characteristics can be obtained.
- effect described here is not necessarily limited, and may be any effect described in the present technology.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of the spirally wound electrode body illustrated in FIG. It is a perspective view showing the structure of the application example (battery pack: single cell) of a secondary battery. It is a block diagram showing the structure of the battery pack shown in FIG. It is a block diagram showing the structure of the application example (battery pack: assembled battery) of a secondary battery. It is a block diagram showing the structure of the application example (electric vehicle) of a secondary battery. It is a block diagram showing the structure of the application example (electric power storage system) of a secondary battery. It is a block diagram showing the structure of the application example (electric tool) of a secondary battery. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the secondary battery (coin type) for a test.
- Secondary battery negative electrode The secondary battery negative electrode (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “negative electrode”) described here is used in, for example, an electrochemical device such as a secondary battery. Although the kind of secondary battery in which this negative electrode is used is not specifically limited, For example, it is a lithium ion secondary battery.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode includes, for example, a negative electrode current collector 1 and a negative electrode active material layer 2 provided on the negative electrode current collector 1.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 may be provided only on one side of the negative electrode current collector 1 or may be provided on both sides of the negative electrode current collector 1. In FIG. 1, for example, a case where the negative electrode active material layer 2 is provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 1 is shown.
- the negative electrode current collector 1 includes, for example, any one type or two or more types of conductive materials. Although the kind of conductive material is not specifically limited, For example, it is metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, nickel, and stainless steel, and the alloy containing 2 or more types of the metal materials may be sufficient.
- the negative electrode current collector 1 may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- the surface of the negative electrode current collector 1 is preferably roughened. This is because the adhesion of the negative electrode active material layer 2 to the negative electrode current collector 1 is improved by a so-called anchor effect.
- the surface of the negative electrode current collector 1 may be roughened at least in a region facing the negative electrode active material layer 2.
- the roughening method is, for example, a method of forming fine particles using electrolytic treatment. In the electrolytic treatment, fine particles are formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 1 by an electrolysis method in an electrolytic bath. A copper foil produced by an electrolytic method is generally called an electrolytic copper foil.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 includes two types of negative electrode active materials (a first negative electrode active material 200 and a second negative electrode active material 300 described later) capable of occluding and releasing an electrode reactant, and a negative electrode binder. Contains.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- Electrode reactive substance is a substance involved in the charge / discharge reaction of the secondary battery.
- the electrode reactant used in the lithium ion secondary battery is lithium.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional configuration of each of the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 includes, for example, a plurality of first negative electrode active materials 200 and a plurality of second negative electrode active materials 300.
- the second negative electrode active material 300 contains a carbon-based material described later.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 includes a first center portion 201 containing a silicon-based material, which will be described later, and a first covering portion 202 provided on the surface of the first center portion 201.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 includes the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 is that a high theoretical capacity (in other words, battery capacity) is obtained, and the negative electrode is less likely to expand and contract during charge / discharge. In addition, the electrolytic solution is difficult to decompose.
- the carbon-based material included in the second negative electrode active material 300 has the advantage that it is difficult to expand and contract during charge and discharge and is difficult to decompose the electrolytic solution, but has a concern that the theoretical capacity is low.
- the silicon-based material included in the first central portion 201 of the first negative electrode active material 200 has an advantage of high theoretical capacity, but is easy to expand and contract during charge and discharge and decompose the electrolyte. There is a concern that it is easy to make. Therefore, by using the second negative electrode active material 300 containing a carbon-based material in combination with the first negative electrode active material 200 containing a silicon-based material, a high theoretical capacity can be obtained, and the negative electrode can expand and contract during charging and discharging. In addition to being suppressed, the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed.
- the mixing ratio of the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 is not particularly limited.
- the weight ratio of the first negative electrode active material 200: second negative electrode active material 300 1: 99 to 99: 1. It is. If the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 are mixed, there is an advantage of using the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 in combination without depending on the mixing ratio. It is because it is obtained.
- the mixing ratio of the 1st negative electrode active material 200 containing a silicon-type material is smaller than the mixing ratio of the 2nd negative electrode active material 300 containing a carbon-type material. This is because the proportion of the silicon-based material, which is the main cause of the expansion and contraction of the negative electrode, is reduced, so that the expansion and contraction of the negative electrode can be sufficiently suppressed and the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the mixing ratio of the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 is preferably substantially uniform in the negative electrode active material layer 2. More specifically, when the negative electrode active material layer 2 is divided into two equal parts in the thickness direction, the mixing ratio in the lower layer closer to the negative electrode current collector 1 and the upper layer farther from the negative electrode current collector 1 The mixing ratio in is preferably the same as each other. This is because the above-described advantages can be obtained in the entire negative electrode active material layer 2.
- a scanning electron microscope (SEM) may be used. Specifically, for example, first, each cross section of the lower layer and the upper layer is observed.
- the presence state (distribution) of the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 in the lower layer, and the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode in the upper layer The existence state (distribution) of the active material 300 is compared.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 is formed by any one method or two or more methods, for example, among coating methods.
- the application method refers to, for example, preparing a dispersion (slurry) containing a particle (powder) negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, an aqueous solvent or a non-aqueous solvent (for example, an organic solvent), and then dispersing the dispersion.
- the liquid is applied to the negative electrode current collector 1.
- the chargeable capacity of the negative electrode active material is the discharge capacity of the positive electrode in order to prevent unintentional deposition of the electrode reactant on the surface of the negative electrode during charging. Is preferably larger.
- the electrochemical equivalent of the negative electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing the electrode reactant is preferably larger than the electrochemical equivalent of the positive electrode.
- the second negative electrode active material 300 includes any one type or two or more types of carbonaceous materials.
- This “carbon-based material” is a general term for materials containing carbon as a constituent element.
- the reason why the second negative electrode active material 300 contains a carbon-based material is that the carbon-based material is unlikely to expand and contract during the storage and release of the electrode reactant. Thereby, since the crystal structure of the carbon-based material is hardly changed, a high energy density can be stably obtained. In addition, since the carbon-based material also functions as a negative electrode conductive agent described later, the conductivity of the negative electrode active material layer 2 is improved.
- the type of carbon-based material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, and graphite.
- the (002) plane spacing for non-graphitizable carbon is preferably 0.37 nm or more, for example, and the (002) plane spacing for graphite is, for example, 0.34 nm or less. Is preferred.
- examples of the carbon-based material include pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbon fibers, organic polymer compound fired bodies, activated carbon, and carbon blacks.
- examples of the cokes include pitch coke, needle coke, and petroleum coke.
- the organic polymer compound fired body is a fired (carbonized) product of a polymer compound, and the polymer compound is, for example, any one kind or two kinds or more of a phenol resin and a furan resin.
- the carbon-based material may be, for example, low crystalline carbon that has been heat-treated at a temperature of about 1000 ° C. or less, or amorphous carbon.
- the shape of the second negative electrode active material 300 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, fibrous, spherical (particulate), or scale-like.
- FIG. 2 shows a case where the shape of the second negative electrode active material 300 is spherical, for example.
- the 2nd negative electrode active material 300 which has 2 or more types of shapes may be mixed.
- the average particle size of the second negative electrode active material 300 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, about 5 ⁇ m to about 40 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter described here is the median diameter D50 ( ⁇ m), and the same applies to the following.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 includes the first center portion 201 and the first covering portion 202.
- the first central portion 201 includes any one type or two or more types of silicon-based materials.
- This “silicon-based material” is a general term for materials containing silicon as a constituent element.
- the reason why the first central portion 201 includes a silicon-based material is that the silicon-based material has an excellent ability to occlude and release electrode reactants. Thereby, a high energy density is obtained.
- the silicon-based material may be a simple substance of silicon, a silicon alloy, or a silicon compound.
- the silicon-based material may be a material having at least a part of any one of the simple substances, alloys, and compounds described above, or two or more phases. Note that the silicon-based material may be crystalline or amorphous.
- the “single unit” described here is a single unit in a general sense. That is, the purity of a simple substance is not necessarily 100%, and the simple substance may contain a trace amount of impurities.
- the silicon alloy may contain two or more kinds of metal elements as constituent elements, and may contain one or more kinds of metal elements and one or more kinds of metalloid elements as constituent elements.
- the silicon alloy described above may further contain one or more kinds of non-metallic elements as constituent elements.
- the structure of the silicon alloy is, for example, a solid solution, a eutectic (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, and two or more kinds of coexisting materials.
- the metal element and metalloid element contained in the silicon alloy as constituent elements are, for example, any one or more metal elements and metalloid elements that can form an alloy with the electrode reactant. is there. Specific examples include magnesium, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, germanium, tin, lead, bismuth, cadmium, silver, zinc, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, palladium and platinum.
- the alloy of silicon is, for example, any one of tin, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony, chromium and the like as a constituent element other than silicon or Includes two or more.
- the silicon compound contains, for example, one or more of carbon and oxygen as constituent elements other than silicon.
- the compound of silicon may contain any 1 type or 2 types or more of the series of elements demonstrated regarding the alloy of silicon as structural elements other than silicon, for example.
- Silicon alloys and silicon compounds include, for example, SiB 4 , SiB 6 , Mg 2 Si, Ni 2 Si, TiSi 2 , MoSi 2 , CoSi 2 , NiSi 2 , CaSi 2 , CrSi 2 , Cu 5 Si, FeSi 2 , MnSi 2 , NbSi 2 , TaSi 2 , VSi 2 , WSi 2 , ZnSi 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , Si 2 N 2 O, SiO v (0 ⁇ v ⁇ 2), LiSiO, and the like. Note that v in SiO v may be 0.2 ⁇ v ⁇ 1.4.
- the average particle size (median diameter D50) of the first central portion 201 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the first covering portion 202 is provided on at least a part of the surface of the first central portion 201. That is, the first covering portion 202 may cover only a part of the surface of the first central portion 201 or may cover the entire surface of the first central portion 201. . Of course, when the first covering portion 202 covers a part of the surface of the first central portion 201, a plurality of second covering portions 202 are provided on the surface of the first central portion 201. That is, the plurality of second covering portions 202 may cover the surface of the first central portion 201.
- coated part 202 is provided only in a part of surface of the 1st center part 201.
- FIG. In this case, since all of the surface of the first center portion 201 is not covered with the first covering portion 202, a part of the surface of the first center portion 201 is exposed. Thereby, since the movement path (occlusion / release path) of the electrode reactant is secured in the exposed portion of the first central portion 201, the first central portion 201 can easily absorb and release the electrode reactant. Therefore, even if charging / discharging is repeated, the secondary battery is less likely to swell and the discharge capacity is less likely to decrease. Note that the number of exposed portions may be only one, or two or more.
- the first covering portion 202 includes one or both of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt. This is because both the polyacrylate film and the carboxymethylcellulose salt film perform the same function as a SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) film. As a result, even if the first covering portion 202 is provided on the surface of the first central portion 201, the occlusion and release of the electrode reactant in the first central portion 201 is not inhibited by the first covering portion 202, The first coating portion 202 suppresses the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution due to the reactivity of the one central portion 201. In this case, since the polyacrylate salt film and the carboxymethyl cellulose salt film are particularly difficult to decompose even at the end of discharge, the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte is sufficiently suppressed even at the end of discharge.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase
- the type of polyacrylate is not particularly limited. Only one type of polyacrylate may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the polyacrylate includes, for example, a metal salt and an onium salt.
- the polyacrylic acid salt described here is not limited to a compound in which all carboxyl groups (—COOH) contained in the polyacrylic acid form a salt, but also contained in the polyacrylic acid.
- a compound in which some of the carboxyl groups form a salt may be used. That is, the latter polyacrylate may contain one or two or more carboxyl groups.
- the type of metal ion contained in the metal salt is not particularly limited, and is, for example, an alkali metal ion, and the alkali metal ion is, for example, a lithium ion, a sodium ion, or a potassium ion.
- the polyacrylate include lithium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, and potassium polyacrylate.
- the kind of onium ion contained in the onium salt is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ammonium ion and phosphonium ion.
- polyacrylates are, for example, ammonium polyacrylate and phosphonium polyacrylate.
- polyacrylate may contain only a metal ion in one molecule
- numerator may contain only onium ion, and may contain both.
- the polyacrylate may contain one or two or more carboxyl groups as described above.
- the type of carboxymethyl cellulose salt is not particularly limited. There may be only one kind of carboxymethylcellulose salt, or two or more kinds.
- the carboxymethyl cellulose salt includes, for example, a metal salt.
- the carboxymethylcellulose salt described here is not limited to a compound in which all hydroxyl groups (—OH) contained in carboxymethylcellulose form a salt, but some hydroxyl groups contained in carboxymethylcellulose. May be a compound forming a salt. That is, the latter carboxymethylcellulose salt may contain one or two or more hydroxyl groups.
- the type of metal ion contained in the metal salt is not particularly limited, and is, for example, an alkali metal ion, and the alkali metal ion is, for example, a lithium ion, a sodium ion, or a potassium ion.
- the carboxymethylcellulose salt includes, for example, carboxymethylcellulose lithium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, carboxymethylcellulose potassium, and the like.
- coated part 202 is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that it is less than about 1 micrometer. This is because the occlusion / release of the electrode reactant in the first central portion 201 is less likely to be inhibited.
- the “thickness of the first covering portion 202” is a so-called average thickness, and is calculated by the following procedure, for example.
- FE-SEM field emission scanning electron microscope
- the covering ratio of the first covering portion 202 that is, the ratio of the surface of the first central portion 201 covered by the first covering portion 202 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 50% or more, for example.
- the coverage of the first covering portion 202 is preferably about 50% to 100%, more preferably about 50% or more and less than 100%. This is because the electrolyte solution is difficult to be decomposed while the first central portion 201 easily absorbs and releases the electrode reactant.
- the “coverage ratio of the first covering portion 202” is a so-called average coverage ratio, and is calculated by the following procedure, for example.
- FE-SEM field emission scanning electron microscope
- the length L1 of the outer edge (outline) of the entire image of the first central portion 201 is measured, and the outer edge of the portion covered by the first covering portion 202 in the first central portion 201 is measured.
- the coverage ratio (L2 / L1) ⁇ 100 is calculated.
- the average value of the coverages calculated in 10 fields of view is calculated.
- the specific surface area of the first negative electrode active material 200 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 m 2 / g to 10 m 2 / g, and preferably about 0.5 m 2 / g to 1 m 2 / g. It is more preferable that This is because if the specific surface area is too large, the loss of discharge capacity may increase due to the occurrence of side reactions. Moreover, if the specific surface area is too small, the electrical resistance at high load may increase due to the lack of reaction area.
- the specific surface area described here is a BET specific surface area.
- the ratio W1 of the weight of the first covering portion 202 to the weight of the first central portion 201 is not particularly limited, but is preferably less than 20% by weight. This is because if the ratio W1 is too large, the amount of covering by the first covering portion 202 becomes excessively large, which may increase the electrical resistance at the time of high load.
- the median of the first negative electrode active material 300 with respect to the median diameter D2 (D50: ⁇ m) of the second negative electrode active material 200 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.05 to 2. This is because if the ratio D1 / D2 is too small, the loss of discharge capacity increases due to the occurrence of side reactions, and the discharge capacity may decrease due to insufficient electron paths. Moreover, if the ratio D1 / D2 is too large, the negative electrode may expand.
- the distribution of the plurality of pores included in the negative electrode active material layer 2 is optimized.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 including the first negative electrode active material 200, the second negative electrode active material 300, and the negative electrode binder has a plurality of pores.
- the hole diameter at which the rate of change of mercury intrusion shows a peak is not particularly limited, but about 0.5 ⁇ m It is preferably ⁇ 5 ⁇ m. This is because if the pore size is too small, the discharge capacity may decrease due to insufficient penetration of the electrolyte into the negative electrode active material layer 2.
- the discharge capacity decreases due to insufficient contact between the first negative electrode active material 200 and insufficient contact between the second negative electrode active material 300, and the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode This is because the energy density may decrease due to insufficient filling of the active material 300.
- the mercury intrusion method When examining the rate of change of mercury intrusion for multiple pores, the mercury intrusion method is used to determine the distribution of the rate of change of mercury intrusion (the horizontal axis is the pore diameter (nm), and the vertical axis is the mercury intrusion rate. Change rate).
- a mercury porosimeter is used to measure the distribution of the change rate of the mercury intrusion amount. In the measurement using the mercury porosimeter, the intrusion amount V of mercury into a plurality of pores is measured while increasing the pressure P stepwise, so the change rate ( ⁇ V / ⁇ P) of the intrusion amount of mercury with respect to the pore diameter. Plotted.
- the position at which the rate of change of mercury intrusion shows the peak (pore size) ).
- the negative electrode binder contains one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, and aramid. This is because the binding properties of the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 are improved.
- the negative electrode is manufactured using a non-aqueous dispersion containing a first negative electrode active material 200, a second negative electrode active material 300, and a negative electrode binder, as will be described later.
- a non-aqueous dispersion containing a first negative electrode active material 200, a second negative electrode active material 300, and a negative electrode binder, as will be described later.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 are dispersed, and the negative electrode binder is dissolved.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 may further include any one kind or two or more kinds of hydrogen bond buffers that cause recombination of hydrogen bonds.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 includes a hydrogen bond buffer
- the binding structure including the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 is destroyed, the binding structure is not affected by the hydrogen bond buffer. Because it is repaired. Thereby, even if charging / discharging is repeated, the secondary battery is less likely to swell, the electrolytic solution is less likely to be decomposed, and the discharge capacity is less likely to decrease.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 are bound via a negative electrode binder, a hydrogen bond is formed between the first negative electrode active material 200 and the negative electrode binder. And a hydrogen bond is formed between the second negative electrode active material 300 and the negative electrode binder.
- a binding structure including the first negative electrode active material 200, the second negative electrode active material 300, and the negative electrode binder is formed in the negative electrode active material layer 2.
- the hydrogen bond is broken in the binding structure.
- the binding and covering properties of the second negative electrode active material 300 are reduced.
- the hydrogen bond buffer has a pH within the range of neutral to weak alkalinity at the location where the hydrogen bond is broken. In order to maintain, the broken hydrogen bonds recombine. Therefore, since the binding structure self-repairs, the binding structure is maintained.
- the type of hydrogen bonding buffer is not particularly limited as long as it is any one or two or more of materials capable of causing recombination of hydrogen bonding.
- the hydrogen bonding buffer is a material capable of preparing a buffer solution having a pH of about 6.8 to 9.6, for example, and more specifically, borate, phosphate. Salts, ethanolamine, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate.
- the borate is, for example, an alkali metal borate and an alkaline earth metal borate, and specifically, sodium borate and potassium borate.
- the phosphate is, for example, a phosphate of an alkali metal element and a phosphate of an alkaline earth metal element, and specifically, sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate.
- the ethanolamine is, for example, monoethanolamine.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 may further include any one kind or two or more kinds of silane coupling agents having high affinity for the negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 contains a silane coupling agent
- the first negative electrode active material 200, the second negative electrode active material 300, and the like are easily bonded via the silane coupling agent. Thereby, even if charging / discharging is repeated, the secondary battery is less likely to swell and the discharge capacity is less likely to decrease.
- the negative electrode components that are easily bonded using the negative electrode binder include the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 as well as the negative electrode current collector 1 and the negative electrode conductive agent. Is also included.
- the type of the silane coupling agent is not particularly limited as long as it is any one or two or more of materials having high affinity for polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, and aramid.
- the silane coupling agent is, for example, any one of a silane coupling agent containing an amino group, a silane coupling agent containing sulfur as a constituent element, and a silane coupling agent containing fluorine as a constituent element.
- Examples of the silane coupling agent containing an amino group include 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and N, N′-bis [3-trimethoxysilyl] propylethylenediamine.
- Silane coupling agents containing sulfur as a constituent element include, for example, bis [3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetrasulfide, bis [3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl] disulfide, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and Such as 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane.
- Examples of the silane coupling agent containing fluorine as a constituent element include (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl) -trimethoxysilane, (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetra). Hydrodecyl) -tris (dimethylamino) silane and (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl) -triethoxysilane.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 may further include any one type or two or more types of other materials.
- the other material is, for example, another negative electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing the electrode reactant.
- the other negative electrode active material contains any one type or two or more types of metal materials.
- the “metal-based material” is a general term for materials including any one or more of metal elements and metalloid elements as constituent elements. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the metal material may be a simple substance, an alloy, or a compound.
- the metal-based material may be a material having at least a part of any one or two or more phases of the above-described simple substance, alloy and compound. However, the meaning of “simple” is as described above.
- the alloy may contain two or more kinds of metal elements as constituent elements, and may contain one or more kinds of metal elements and one or more kinds of metalloid elements as constituent elements. Further, the above-described alloy may further contain one or more kinds of nonmetallic elements as constituent elements.
- the structure of the alloy is, for example, a solid solution, a eutectic (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, and two or more kinds of coexisting materials.
- the metal element and metalloid element contained in the metal-based material as constituent elements are, for example, any one or more of metal elements and metalloid elements capable of forming an alloy with the electrode reactant. is there. Specific examples include magnesium, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, bismuth, cadmium, silver, zinc, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, palladium and platinum.
- silicon and tin is preferable. This is because each of silicon and tin has an excellent ability to occlude and release the electrode reactant, and thus a high energy density can be obtained.
- the alloy of tin for example, as a constituent element other than tin, any one of silicon, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony, chromium, etc. Includes two or more.
- the tin compound contains, for example, one or more of carbon and oxygen as constituent elements other than tin.
- the compound of tin may contain any 1 type in the series of elements demonstrated regarding the alloy of tin, or 2 or more types as structural elements other than tin, for example.
- Examples of the tin alloy and the tin compound include SnO w (0 ⁇ w ⁇ 2), SnSiO 3 , LiSnO, and Mg 2 Sn.
- the material containing tin as a constituent element may be, for example, a material (tin-containing material) containing the second constituent element and the third constituent element together with tin that is the first constituent element.
- the second constituent elements are, for example, cobalt, iron, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, indium, cesium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, bismuth and Any one or more of silicon and the like.
- the third constituent element is, for example, one or more of boron, carbon, aluminum, phosphorus, and the like. This is because a high battery capacity and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the tin-containing material is preferably a material containing tin, cobalt, and carbon as constituent elements (tin-cobalt carbon-containing material).
- the composition of this tin cobalt carbon-containing material is, for example, as follows.
- the carbon content is 9.9 mass% to 29.7 mass%.
- the content ratio of tin and cobalt (Co / (Sn + Co)) is 20% by mass to 70% by mass. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the tin cobalt carbon-containing material has a phase containing tin, cobalt and carbon, and the phase is preferably low crystalline or amorphous.
- This phase is a phase (reaction phase) capable of reacting with the electrode reactant, and the presence of the reaction phase provides excellent characteristics in the tin-cobalt carbon-containing material.
- the half-width (diffraction angle 2 ⁇ ) of the diffraction peak obtained by X-ray diffraction of this reaction phase is 1 ° or more when CuK ⁇ ray is used as the specific X-ray and the insertion speed is 1 ° / min. Is preferred. This is because the electrode reactant is easily occluded and released, and the reactivity with the electrolytic solution is reduced.
- the tin-cobalt carbon-containing material may contain other layers together with a phase that is low crystalline or amorphous.
- the other layer is, for example, a phase containing a simple substance of each constituent element or a phase containing a part of each constituent element.
- This reaction phase contains, for example, the above-described series of constituent elements, and is considered to be low crystallization or amorphous mainly due to the presence of carbon.
- the tin-cobalt carbon-containing material it is preferable that at least a part of carbon that is a constituent element is bonded to a metal element or a metalloid element that is another constituent element. This is because aggregation or crystallization of tin or the like is suppressed.
- the bonding state of elements can be confirmed using, for example, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- Al—K ⁇ ray or Mg—K ⁇ ray is used as the soft X-ray.
- the peak of the synthetic wave of carbon 1s orbital (C1s) appears in a region lower than 284.5 eV.
- the 4f orbit (Au4f) peak of the gold atom is energy calibrated so as to be obtained at 84.0 eV.
- the C1s peak of the surface-contaminated carbon is used as an energy standard (284.8 eV).
- the waveform of the C1s peak includes a surface contamination carbon peak and a carbon peak in the tin-cobalt carbon-containing material. For this reason, for example, both peaks are separated by analyzing the peaks using commercially available software. In the waveform analysis, the position of the main peak existing on the lowest bound energy side is used as the energy reference (284.8 eV).
- This tin-cobalt-carbon-containing material is, for example, any one of silicon, iron, nickel, chromium, indium, niobium, germanium, titanium, molybdenum, aluminum, phosphorus, gallium and bismuth in addition to tin, cobalt and carbon.
- One kind or two or more kinds may be included as constituent elements.
- tin-cobalt carbon-containing materials materials containing tin, cobalt, iron, and carbon as constituent elements (tin-cobalt iron-carbon-containing materials) are also preferable.
- the composition of the tin cobalt iron carbon-containing material is arbitrary.
- the composition when the iron content is set to be small is as follows.
- the carbon content is 9.9 mass% to 29.7 mass%.
- the iron content is 0.3 mass% to 5.9 mass%.
- the content ratio of tin and cobalt (Co / (Sn + Co)) is 30% by mass to 70% by mass. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the composition when the iron content is set to be large is as follows, for example.
- the carbon content is 11.9 mass% to 29.7 mass%.
- the ratio of the contents of tin, cobalt and iron ((Co + Fe) / (Sn + Co + Fe)) is 26.4% by mass to 48.5% by mass.
- the content ratio of cobalt and iron (Co / (Co + Fe)) is 9.9 mass% to 79.5 mass%. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the physical property (conditions, such as a half value width) of a tin cobalt iron carbon containing material is the same as that of the above-described tin cobalt carbon containing material.
- negative electrode active materials are, for example, metal oxides and polymer compounds.
- metal oxide include iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, and molybdenum oxide.
- polymer compound include polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole.
- the other material is, for example, another negative electrode binder.
- Other negative electrode binders are synthetic rubber and a high molecular compound, for example. Synthetic rubber is, for example, fluorine rubber and ethylene propylene diene.
- Examples of the polymer material include polyimide and polyacrylate. The details regarding the type of polyacrylate used as the negative electrode binder are the same as the details regarding the type of polyacrylate included in each of the first covering portion 202 and the second covering portion 302 described above, for example. It is.
- the other material is, for example, a negative electrode conductive agent.
- the negative electrode conductive agent includes, for example, any one or more of carbon materials. Examples of the carbon material include graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, and ketjen black.
- the carbon material may be, for example, fibrous carbon containing carbon nanotubes.
- the negative electrode conductive agent may be a metal material, a conductive polymer compound, or the like as long as it is a conductive material.
- the first center portion 201 containing a silicon-based material, one or both of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethyl cellulose salt, and an aqueous solvent are mixed. After this, the mixture may be stirred.
- a stirring device such as a stirrer may be used.
- the first central portion 201 is dispersed in the aqueous solvent, and one or both of the polyacrylate and the carboxymethylcellulose salt are dissolved by the aqueous solvent.
- An aqueous dispersion containing one or both of the acid salt and carboxymethylcellulose salt is prepared.
- the type of the aqueous solvent is not particularly limited, and is, for example, pure water.
- the polyacrylate an undissolved material or a dissolved material may be used. This dissolved matter is, for example, a solution in which polyacrylate is dissolved with pure water or the like, and is a so-called polyacrylate aqueous solution.
- the carboxymethylcellulose salt a non-dissolved product or a dissolved product may be used. This dissolved material is, for example, a solution in which carboxymethyl cellulose salt is dissolved with pure water or the like, and is a so-called carboxymethyl cellulose salt aqueous solution.
- a hydrogen bond buffer when using a hydrogen bond buffer, it is preferable to contain a hydrogen bond buffer in the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion, for example. As described above, even if the hydrogen bond is broken, the hydrogen bond is repaired by the hydrogen bond buffer.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 is separated from the aqueous dispersion.
- ⁇ Separation method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a filtration method.
- the filtrate is recovered by filtering the aqueous dispersion. Thereafter, the filtrate may be dried. Filtration conditions and drying conditions are not particularly limited.
- the first covering portion 202 containing one or both of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt is formed on the surface of the first central portion 201, so that the first negative electrode active material 200 is formed.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 is obtained as a filtrate by filtering the aqueous dispersion.
- a first negative electrode active material 200 a second negative electrode active material 300 containing a carbon-based material, a negative electrode binder containing one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide and aramid, Mix with non-aqueous solvent or the like. After this, the mixture may be stirred.
- a stirring device such as a mixer may be used.
- non-aqueous solvent is a material that can disperse the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300 and can dissolve each of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, and aramid. If it is any one type or two types or more, it will not specifically limit.
- This non-aqueous solvent is an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- a non-aqueous dispersion containing the first negative electrode active material 200, the second negative electrode active material 300, and the negative electrode binder is prepared.
- the state of this non-aqueous dispersion is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a paste.
- the pasty non-aqueous dispersion is a so-called slurry.
- a negative electrode is manufactured using a non-aqueous dispersion.
- the non-aqueous dispersion is dried.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 may be compression-molded using a roll press or the like.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 may be heated, or compression molding may be repeated a plurality of times. Compression conditions and heating conditions are not particularly limited.
- the filtration method is used to form the first negative electrode active material 200, but another method may be used. In this case, two or more methods may be used in combination.
- a spray drying method may be used.
- the spray drying method for example, instead of filtering the aqueous dispersion, the spray is dried after spraying the aqueous dispersion using a spray drying apparatus. Since the 1st coating
- a pulverization method may be used.
- the pulverization method for example, instead of filtering the aqueous dispersion, the aqueous dispersion is dried, and then the dried product is pulverized using a pulverizer. Thereby, since the 1st coating
- the kind of pulverizer is not particularly limited, for example, it is a planetary ball mill.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 the second negative electrode active material 300, and the negative electrode binder are included.
- the second negative electrode active material 300 includes a carbon-based material.
- coated part 202 containing one or both of polyacrylic acid salt and carboxymethylcellulose salt is provided in the surface of the 1st center part 201 containing a silicon-type material.
- the negative electrode binder contains one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, and aramid.
- the first central portion 201 can easily occlude and release the electrode reactant, The decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution due to the reactivity of the first central portion 201 is suppressed. Therefore, even if charging / discharging is repeated, the secondary battery is less likely to swell and the discharge capacity is less likely to be reduced, so that the battery characteristics of the secondary battery using the negative electrode can be improved.
- the thickness of the first covering portion 202 is less than 1 ⁇ m or the coverage of the first covering portion 202 is 50% or more, a higher effect can be obtained.
- the binding structure including the first negative electrode active material 200, the second negative electrode active material 300, and the negative electrode binder is repaired by the hydrogen bond buffer. Obtainable.
- the negative electrode contains a silane coupling agent
- the first negative electrode active material 200, the second negative electrode active material 300, and the like can be easily bonded via the silane coupling agent, so that a higher effect can be obtained.
- the negative electrode is manufactured by the following procedure.
- An aqueous dispersion containing a first central portion 201 containing a silicon-based material, one or both of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt, and an aqueous solvent is prepared.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 provided on the surface of the first central portion 201 is separated from the aqueous dispersion by the first covering portion 202 containing one or both of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt.
- a first negative electrode active material 200, a second negative electrode active material 300 containing a carbon-based material, a negative electrode binder containing one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide and aramid, and a non-aqueous solvent A non-aqueous dispersion containing is prepared. A negative electrode is produced using this non-aqueous dispersion.
- a negative electrode for a secondary battery (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “negative electrode”) described here includes, for example, a second negative electrode active material 400 described later, instead of the second negative electrode active material 300. It has the same configuration as the negative electrode of the first embodiment. Below, the structure of the negative electrode of this embodiment is demonstrated, quoting the component of the negative electrode of 1st Embodiment as needed.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional configuration of each of the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 400.
- the second negative electrode active material 400 has substantially the same configuration as the first negative electrode active material 200, for example.
- the second negative electrode active material 400 includes, for example, a second center portion 401 containing a carbon-based material and a second covering portion 402 provided on the surface of the second center portion 401.
- 2nd center part 401 has the structure substantially the same as the 2nd negative electrode active material 300, for example. Specifically, details regarding the forming material and shape of the second central portion 401 are substantially the same as, for example, details regarding the forming material and shape of the second negative electrode active material 300. That is, the 1st center part 401 contains the carbonaceous material.
- the average particle size (median diameter D50) of the second central portion 401 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 5 ⁇ m to about 40 ⁇ m.
- coated part 402 has the structure substantially the same as the 1st coating
- the details regarding the mixing ratio between the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 400 are the same as the details regarding the mixing ratio between the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 300, for example.
- the second negative electrode active material 400 includes the second central portion 401 and the second covering portion 402 as in the case where the first negative electrode active material 200 includes the first central portion 201 and the first covering portion 202. It is because the advantage of is obtained. That is, even if the second covering portion 402 is provided on the surface of the second central portion 401, the second covering portion 402 does not inhibit the occlusion / release of the electrode reactive substance in the second central portion 401, and the second covering portion 402 does not interfere with the second covering portion 402. The decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution due to the reactivity of the central portion 401 is suppressed by the second covering portion 402.
- coated part 402 may be mutually the same, and may mutually differ. Especially, it is preferable that the thickness of the 1st coating part 202 and the thickness of the 2nd coating part 402 differ from each other.
- the thickness of the second covering portion 402 may be smaller than the thickness of the first covering portion 202, for example. This is because the ion conductivity is improved on the surface (interface) of the second central portion 401 containing the carbon-based material, and the decomposition of the electrolytic solution is suppressed on the surface (interface) of the first central portion 201 containing the silicon-based material. is there.
- the thickness of the first covering portion 202 may be smaller than the thickness of the second covering portion 402, for example. This is because when the second central portion 401 includes a carbon-based material with low charge / discharge efficiency (natural graphite or the like), the charge / discharge loss of the electrode reactant is reduced and the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed.
- the polyacrylic acid contained in the negative electrode active material layer 2 The ratio W2 (% by weight) of one or both of the salt and the carboxymethylcellulose salt is not particularly limited.
- the “proportion W2 of one or both of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose” is included in the negative electrode active material layer 2 with respect to the weight WA of all components included in the negative electrode active material layer 2.
- the total weight WB of one or both of the polyacrylic acid salt and the carboxymethyl cellulose salt is a ratio. This total weight WB is the average weight WB1 of one or both of the polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt contained in the first coating portion 202, and the polyacrylate salt contained in the second coating portion 402. And the average weight WB2 of one or both of the carboxymethylcellulose salts.
- the above-described ratio W2 is calculated by [(WB1 + WB2) / WA] ⁇ 100.
- the ratio W2 is an index that represents the total amount (total coating amount) of one or both of the polyacrylate salt and the carboxymethyl cellulose salt contained in each of the first covering portion 202 and the second covering portion 402. That is, when the ratio W2 is small, the covering amount (covering range, thickness, etc.) of the first covering portion 202 becomes small, and the covering amount (covering range, thickness, etc.) of the second covering portion 402 becomes small. There is a tendency. On the other hand, when the ratio W2 is large, the covering amount of the first covering portion 202 tends to increase and the covering amount of the second covering portion 402 tends to increase.
- the ratio W2 is not too large. Specifically, the ratio W2 is preferably about 0.1 wt% to 4.5 wt%, and more preferably about 0.1 wt% to 2 wt%. Since the amount of one or both of the polyacrylate and the carboxymethylcellulose salt contained in the negative electrode active material layer 2, that is, the amount of the first covering portion 202 to the first central portion 201 is appropriately suppressed, This is because the ion conductivity is unlikely to decrease on the surface (interface) of the first central portion 201.
- the first central portion 201 easily absorbs and releases the electrode reactant, so that the secondary battery swells even after repeated charge and discharge. This makes it difficult to reduce the discharge capacity.
- the electrode reactant is easily occluded and released, the secondary battery is less likely to swell and the discharge capacity is less likely to decrease even after repeated charging and discharging.
- the central portion 401 since the electrode reactant is easily occluded and released, the secondary battery is less likely to swell and the discharge capacity is less likely to decrease even after repeated charging and discharging. The same applies to the central portion 401.
- 1st negative electrode active material layers 200 are 1st. It is bound via the covering portion 202.
- the amount of one or both of the carboxymethyl cellulose salt is decreased, it seems that the binding property between the first negative electrode active materials 200 is insufficient.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 is made of any one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, and aramid, which are negative electrode binders, separately from one or both of the polyacrylate and carboxymethyl cellulose salt. Or two or more types are included. Thereby, the first negative electrode active materials 200 are sufficiently bound to each other via the negative electrode binder. Therefore, even if the ratio W2 is suppressed, the binding property between the first negative electrode active materials 200 is ensured.
- the procedure for calculating the ratio W2 is, for example, as follows.
- coated part 202 is measured. More specifically, for example, when the first covering portion 202 includes sodium polyacrylate as a polyacrylate, the first covering portion 202 is based on the presence state of the sodium element in the vicinity of the surface of the first central portion 201. While specifying the formation range of 1 coating
- SEM-EDX scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the apparent surface area of the first negative electrode active material 200 per unit area of the negative electrode active material layer 2 is multiplied by the average thickness of the first cover portion 202 to be included in the first cover portion 202.
- the volume of one or both of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt is calculated.
- by multiplying the volume by the specific gravity of one or both of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt one of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt contained in first covering portion 202 is obtained.
- both average weight WB1 is calculated. For example, when the polyacrylate is sodium polyacrylate, the specific gravity of the sodium polyacrylate is 1.22.
- the procedure for obtaining the apparent surface area of the first negative electrode active material 200 is, for example, as follows. First, a cross-sectional photograph of the negative electrode active material layer 2 is obtained using a scanning electron microscope or the like. Subsequently, based on the cross-sectional photograph of the negative electrode active material layer 2, the particle size distribution of the first negative electrode active material 200 (correlation between the particle size of the first negative electrode active material 200 and the number thereof) is measured using image analysis software. . As this image analysis software, for example, image analysis type particle size distribution software MAC-VIEW manufactured by Mountec Co., Ltd. is used. Finally, based on the measurement result of the particle size distribution of the first negative electrode active material 200, the apparent surface area of the first negative electrode active material 200 per unit area of the negative electrode active material layer 2 is calculated.
- the average weight WB2 of one or both of the polyacrylate and the carboxymethylcellulose salt contained in the second covering portion 402 is calculated by a procedure similar to the procedure for calculating the average weight WB1 described above.
- the ratio W2 is calculated based on the weight WA of the negative electrode active material layer 2 per unit area and the average weight WB1, WB2 of one or both of the polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt. Thereby, the weight ratio W2 is obtained.
- the conditions regarding the ratio W2 are two. This is applied to one or both of the negative electrode active material layers 2. That is, the condition regarding the ratio W2 may be applied only to the negative electrode active material layer 2 provided on one surface (front surface) of the negative electrode current collector 1, or provided on the other surface (back surface) of the negative electrode current collector 1.
- the present invention may be applied only to the negative electrode active material layer 2 being applied, or may be applied to each of the two negative electrode active material layers 2.
- the condition relating to the ratio W2 is applied to each of the two negative electrode active material layers 2. This is because the advantages described above with respect to each negative electrode active material layer 2 are obtained, and thus higher effects can be obtained.
- This negative electrode is manufactured by the same procedure as that of the negative electrode of the first embodiment, for example, except that the second negative electrode active material 400 is formed by a procedure similar to the procedure of forming the first negative electrode active material 200.
- the first center part 201 containing a silicon-based material, the second center part 401 containing a carbon-based material, one or both of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt, and an aqueous solvent were mixed. Thereafter, the mixture is stirred as necessary. As a result, the first central portion 201 and the second central portion 401 are dispersed in the aqueous solvent, and one or both of the polyacrylate and the carboxymethyl cellulose salt are dissolved by the aqueous solvent. Therefore, an aqueous dispersion containing the first central portion 201, the second central portion 401, and one or both of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt is prepared.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 400 are separated from the aqueous dispersion.
- a filtration method or the like is used.
- the filtrate is recovered by filtering the aqueous dispersion, and then dried if necessary.
- the first covering portion 202 containing one or both of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt is formed on the surface of the first central portion 201, so that the first negative electrode active material 200 is formed.
- the second covering portion 402 containing one or both of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt is formed on the surface of the second central portion 401, so that the second negative electrode active material 400 is It is formed. Therefore, by filtering the aqueous dispersion, the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 400 are obtained as filtrated materials.
- one aqueous dispersion is a first aqueous dispersion containing, for example, a first central portion 201 and one or both of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt.
- the other aqueous dispersion is a second aqueous dispersion containing the second central portion 401 and one or both of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt.
- coated part 202 containing one or both of polyacrylic acid salt and carboxymethylcellulose salt is formed in the surface of the 1st center part 201 in a 1st aqueous dispersion.
- a second covering portion 402 containing one or both of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt is formed on the surface of the second central portion 401.
- the thickness of the first covering portion 202 and the thickness of the second covering portion 402 can be individually controlled.
- one or both of the first aqueous dispersion and the second aqueous dispersion may contain a hydrogen bonding buffer.
- a first negative electrode active material 200 a second negative electrode active material 400, a negative electrode binder containing one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, and aramid, a non-aqueous solvent, and the like After mixing, the mixture is stirred as necessary.
- the non-aqueous dispersion containing the first negative electrode active material 200, the second negative electrode active material 400, and the negative electrode binder is prepared.
- the state of the non-aqueous dispersion is not particularly limited.
- the non-aqueous dispersion is a paste
- the paste-like non-aqueous dispersion is a so-called slurry.
- a negative electrode is manufactured using a non-aqueous dispersion.
- the non-aqueous dispersion is dried.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 containing the 1st negative electrode active material 200, the 2nd negative electrode active material 400, and a negative electrode binder is formed, a negative electrode is completed.
- one of the first negative electrode active material 200 and the second negative electrode active material 400 or other methods such as a spray drying method and a pulverization method may be used. Both may be formed. Of course, two or more methods may be used in combination.
- the first negative electrode active material 200, the second negative electrode active material 400, and the negative electrode binder are included.
- the 1st negative electrode active material 200 the 1st coating
- coated part 402 containing one or both of a polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt is provided in the surface of the 2nd center part 401 containing a carbonaceous material.
- the negative electrode binder contains one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, and aramid.
- each of the first central portion 201 and the second central portion 401 easily occludes and releases the electrode reactant while ensuring the binding properties of the first negative electrode active material 200, the second negative electrode active material 400, and the like.
- the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution due to the reactivity of the first central portion 201 and the second central portion 401 is suppressed. Therefore, even if charging / discharging is repeated, the secondary battery is less likely to swell and the discharge capacity is less likely to be reduced, so that the battery characteristics of the secondary battery using the negative electrode can be improved.
- the first negative electrode active material 200 includes the first covering portion 202, not only the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution due to the reactivity of the first central portion 201 is suppressed, but also the second negative electrode active material 400. Since the 2nd coating
- the coating amount of the first covering portion 202 can be appropriately suppressed,
- the covering amount of the second covering portion 402 is appropriately suppressed. Therefore, the ion conductivity is less likely to be reduced on the surface of the first central portion 201 and the ion conductivity is less likely to be reduced on the surface of the second central portion 401, so that a higher effect can be obtained.
- the thickness of the second covering portion 402 is less than 1 ⁇ m, or the coverage of each of the second covering portions 402 is 50% or more, a higher effect can be obtained.
- the thickness of the second covering portion 402 is smaller than the thickness of the first covering portion 202, the ion conductivity is improved on the surface of the second central portion 401, and the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution on the surface of the first central portion 201 is performed. Therefore, a higher effect can be obtained.
- the thickness of the 1st coating part 202 is smaller than the thickness of the 2nd coating part 402
- the 2nd center part 401 contains the carbon-type material of low charging / discharging efficiency
- the charging / discharging loss of an electrode reactant will reduce.
- the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed, a higher effect can be obtained.
- the negative electrode is manufactured by the following procedure.
- An aqueous dispersion containing a first central portion 201 containing a silicon-based material, a second central portion 401 containing a carbon-based material, one or both of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt, and an aqueous solvent is prepared. To do.
- a first negative electrode active material 200 in which a first covering portion 202 containing one or both of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt is provided on the surface of the first central portion 201, and polyacrylic acid
- a second covering portion 402 containing one or both of a salt and a carboxymethylcellulose salt separates the second negative electrode active material 400 provided on the surface of the second central portion 401.
- Non-ionicity including first negative electrode active material 200, second negative electrode active material 400, a negative electrode binder containing one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, and aramid, and a non-aqueous solvent
- An aqueous dispersion is prepared. A negative electrode is produced using this non-aqueous dispersion.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of the secondary battery
- FIG. 5 illustrates a partial cross-sectional configuration of the spirally wound electrode body 20 illustrated in FIG.
- the secondary battery described here is, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode 22 can be obtained by occlusion and release of lithium as an electrode reactant.
- the secondary battery has a cylindrical battery structure.
- a pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 and a wound electrode body 20 that is a battery element are housed in a hollow cylindrical battery can 11. Yes.
- a positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 stacked via a separator 23 are wound.
- the wound electrode body 20 is impregnated with, for example, an electrolytic solution that is a liquid electrolyte.
- the battery can 11 has, for example, a hollow structure in which one end is closed and the other end is opened.
- one or more of iron, aluminum, and alloys thereof are used. Is included. Nickel or the like may be plated on the surface of the battery can 11.
- the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 sandwich the wound electrode body 20 and extend perpendicular to the winding peripheral surface of the wound electrode body 20.
- a battery lid 14, a safety valve mechanism 15, and a heat sensitive resistance element (PTC element) 16 are caulked to the open end of the battery can 11 via a gasket 17. Thereby, the battery can 11 is sealed.
- the battery lid 14 includes, for example, the same material as that of the battery can 11.
- Each of the safety valve mechanism 15 and the thermal resistance element 16 is provided inside the battery lid 14, and the safety valve mechanism 15 is electrically connected to the battery lid 14 via the thermal resistance element 16.
- the disk plate 15 ⁇ / b> A is reversed when the internal pressure exceeds a certain level due to an internal short circuit or external heating. Thereby, the electrical connection between the battery lid 14 and the wound electrode body 20 is cut.
- the gasket 17 includes, for example, an insulating material, and asphalt or the like may be applied to the surface of the gasket 17.
- a center pin 24 is inserted in the space formed at the winding center of the wound electrode body 20.
- the center pin 24 may not be inserted.
- a positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the positive electrode 21, and a negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the negative electrode 22.
- the positive electrode lead 25 includes, for example, a conductive material such as aluminum.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the safety valve mechanism 15 and is electrically connected to the battery lid 14.
- the negative electrode lead 26 includes, for example, a conductive material such as nickel.
- the negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the battery can 11 and is electrically connected to the battery can 11.
- the positive electrode 21 includes a positive electrode current collector 21 ⁇ / b> A and a positive electrode active material layer 21 ⁇ / b> B provided on the positive electrode current collector 21 ⁇ / b> A.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B may be provided only on one surface of the positive electrode current collector 21A, or may be provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A.
- FIG. 5 shows, for example, a case where the positive electrode active material layer 21B is provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A.
- the positive electrode current collector 21A includes, for example, any one type or two or more types of conductive materials.
- the kind of conductive material is not specifically limited, For example, it is metal materials, such as aluminum, nickel, and stainless steel, and the alloy containing 2 or more types of the metal materials may be sufficient.
- the positive electrode current collector 21A may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B contains any one or more of positive electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium as a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B may further include any one kind or two or more kinds of other materials such as a positive electrode binder and a positive electrode conductive agent.
- the positive electrode material is preferably one or more of lithium-containing compounds.
- the type of the lithium-containing compound is not particularly limited, but among them, a lithium-containing composite oxide and a lithium-containing phosphate compound are preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the “lithium-containing composite oxide” is an oxide containing any one or more of lithium and elements other than lithium (hereinafter referred to as “other elements”) as constituent elements.
- the lithium-containing oxide has, for example, one or two or more crystal structures of a layered rock salt type and a spinel type.
- the “lithium-containing phosphate compound” is a phosphate compound containing lithium and any one or more of the other elements as constituent elements.
- This lithium-containing phosphate compound has, for example, any one kind or two or more kinds of crystal structures of the olivine type.
- the type of other element is not particularly limited as long as it is any one or more of arbitrary elements (excluding lithium).
- the other elements are preferably any one or more of elements belonging to Groups 2 to 15 in the long-period periodic table. More specifically, it is more preferable that the other element is any one or more of nickel, cobalt, manganese, and iron. This is because a high voltage can be obtained.
- lithium-containing composite oxide having a layered rock salt type crystal structure examples include compounds represented by the following formulas (1) to (3).
- M1 is at least one of cobalt, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten.
- a to e are 0. .8 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.5, (b + c) ⁇ 1, ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.2 and 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.1 (However, the composition of lithium varies depending on the charge / discharge state, and a is the value of the complete discharge state.)
- M2 is at least one of cobalt, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten.
- A is the value of the fully discharged state.
- Li a Co (1-b) M3 b O (2-c) F d (3) (M3 is at least one of nickel, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten. 0.8 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, and 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, provided that the composition of lithium depends on the charge / discharge state Unlikely, a is the value of the fully discharged state.)
- the lithium-containing composite oxide having a layered rock salt type crystal structure is, for example, LiNiO 2 , LiCoO 2 , LiCo 0.98 Al 0.01 Mg 0.01 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 , Li 1.2 Mn 0.52 Co 0.175 Ni 0.1 O 2 and Li 1.15 (Mn 0.65 Ni 0.22 Co 0.13 ) O 2 .
- the lithium-containing composite oxide having a layered rock salt type crystal structure contains nickel, cobalt, manganese, and aluminum as constituent elements
- the atomic ratio of nickel is preferably 50 atomic% or more. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide having a spinel crystal structure is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (4).
- M4 is at least one of cobalt, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten. .9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.6, 3.7 ⁇ c ⁇ 4.1, and 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, provided that the composition of lithium varies depending on the charge / discharge state. , A is the value of the fully discharged state.
- lithium-containing composite oxide having a spinel crystal structure is LiMn 2 O 4 .
- lithium-containing phosphate compound having an olivine type crystal structure examples include a compound represented by the following formula (5).
- Li a M5PO 4 (5) (M5 is at least one of cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, niobium, copper, zinc, molybdenum, calcium, strontium, tungsten, and zirconium.
- A is 0. .9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1, where the composition of lithium varies depending on the charge / discharge state, and a is the value of the fully discharged state.
- lithium-containing phosphate compound having an olivine type crystal structure examples include LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiFe 0.5 Mn 0.5 PO 4, and LiFe 0.3 Mn 0.7 PO 4 .
- the lithium-containing composite oxide may be a compound represented by the following formula (6).
- the positive electrode material may be, for example, an oxide, a disulfide, a chalcogenide, a conductive polymer, or the like.
- the oxide include titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, and manganese dioxide.
- the disulfide include titanium disulfide and molybdenum sulfide.
- An example of the chalcogenide is niobium selenide.
- the conductive polymer include sulfur, polyaniline, and polythiophene.
- the positive electrode material is not limited to the materials described above, and other materials may be used.
- positive electrode binder Details regarding the positive electrode binder are the same as, for example, the above-described details regarding the negative electrode binder and other negative electrode binders. Moreover, the detail regarding a positive electrode electrically conductive agent is the same as the detail regarding an above-described negative electrode electrically conductive agent, for example.
- the negative electrode 22 has the same configuration as the above-described negative electrode for a secondary battery of the present technology.
- the negative electrode 22 includes a negative electrode current collector 22A and a negative electrode active material layer 22B provided on the negative electrode current collector 22A.
- the configuration of the negative electrode current collector 22A is the same as the configuration of the negative electrode current collector 1
- the configuration of the negative electrode active material layer 22B is the same as the configuration of the negative electrode active material layer 2.
- the separator 23 is disposed between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22. As a result, the separator 23 separates the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 and allows lithium ions to pass through while preventing a short circuit of current due to contact between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22.
- the separator 23 includes, for example, one kind or two or more kinds of porous films such as synthetic resin and ceramic, and may be a laminated film of two or more kinds of porous films.
- the synthetic resin include polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene.
- the separator 23 may include, for example, the above-described porous film (base material layer) and a polymer compound layer provided on the base material layer. This is because the adhesiveness of the separator 23 to each of the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 is improved, so that the wound electrode body 20 is hardly distorted. As a result, the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed, and the leakage of the electrolytic solution impregnated in the base material layer is also suppressed. It becomes difficult to swell.
- the polymer compound layer may be provided only on one side of the base material layer, or may be provided on both sides of the base material layer.
- the polymer compound layer includes, for example, one or more of polymer materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride. This is because polyvinylidene fluoride is excellent in physical strength and electrochemically stable.
- a solution in which a polymer material is dissolved with an organic solvent or the like is applied to the substrate layer, and then the substrate layer is dried.
- the base material layer may be dried.
- the electrolytic solution includes, for example, any one or more of the solvents and any one or more of the electrolyte salts.
- the electrolyte solution may further contain any one kind or two or more kinds of various materials such as additives.
- the solvent contains a non-aqueous solvent such as an organic solvent.
- the electrolytic solution containing the nonaqueous solvent is a so-called nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- This solvent is, for example, a cyclic carbonate, a chain carbonate, a lactone, a chain carboxylic acid ester, or a nitrile (mononitrile). This is because excellent battery capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and the like can be obtained.
- the cyclic carbonate is, for example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, or the like.
- Examples of the chain ester carbonate include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and methyl propyl carbonate.
- Examples of the lactone include ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone.
- Examples of the chain carboxylic acid ester include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, methyl trimethyl acetate, and ethyl trimethyl acetate.
- Nitriles are, for example, acetonitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile and the like.
- solvents include, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4 -Dioxane, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N-methyloxazolidinone, N, N'-dimethylimidazolidinone, nitromethane, nitroethane, sulfolane, trimethyl phosphate and dimethyl sulfoxide may be used. This is because similar advantages can be obtained.
- any one or two or more of carbonate esters such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate are preferable. This is because better battery capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and the like can be obtained.
- a high-viscosity (high dielectric constant) solvent that is a cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate (for example, a relative dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ 30) and chain carbonic acid such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate.
- a combination with a low-viscosity solvent that is an ester is more preferable. This is because the dissociation property of the electrolyte salt and the ion mobility are improved.
- the solvent may be an unsaturated cyclic carbonate, halogenated carbonate, sulfonate, acid anhydride, dinitrile compound, diisocyanate compound, or the like. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is improved.
- the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate having one or more unsaturated bonds (carbon-carbon double bonds).
- this unsaturated cyclic carbonate include vinylene carbonate (1,3-dioxol-2-one), vinyl ethylene carbonate (4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one) and methylene ethylene carbonate (4-methylene). -1,3-dioxolan-2-one) and the like.
- the content of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate in the solvent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight.
- the halogenated carbonate is a cyclic or chain carbonate containing one or more halogens as a constituent element.
- the kind of halogen is not specifically limited, For example, it is any 1 type or 2 types or more in fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.
- the cyclic halogenated carbonate include 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.
- chain halogenated carbonates include fluoromethyl methyl carbonate, bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate, and difluoromethyl methyl carbonate.
- the content of the halogenated carbonate in the solvent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01% by weight to 50% by weight.
- the sulfonate ester examples include a monosulfonate ester and a disulfonate ester.
- the monosulfonic acid ester may be a cyclic monosulfonic acid ester or a chain monosulfonic acid ester. Cyclic monosulfonates are, for example, sultone such as 1,3-propane sultone and 1,3-propene sultone.
- the chain monosulfonic acid ester is, for example, a compound in which a cyclic monosulfonic acid ester is cleaved on the way.
- the disulfonic acid ester may be a cyclic disulfonic acid ester or a chain disulfonic acid ester.
- the content of the sulfonic acid ester in the solvent is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include carboxylic acid anhydride, disulfonic acid anhydride, and carboxylic acid sulfonic acid anhydride.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid anhydride include succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, and maleic anhydride.
- Examples of the disulfonic anhydride include ethanedisulfonic anhydride and propanedisulfonic anhydride.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid sulfonic acid anhydride include anhydrous sulfobenzoic acid, anhydrous sulfopropionic acid, and anhydrous sulfobutyric acid.
- the content of the acid anhydride in the solvent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the dinitrile compound is, for example, a compound represented by NC—C m H 2m —CN (m is an integer of 1 or more).
- This dinitrile compound includes, for example, succinonitrile (NC-C 2 H 4 -CN), glutaronitrile (NC-C 3 H 6 -CN), adiponitrile (NC-C 4 H 8 -CN) and phthalonitrile ( NC-C 6 H 5 -CN).
- the content of the dinitrile compound in the solvent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the diisocyanate compound is, for example, a compound represented by OCN—C n H 2n —NCO (n is an integer of 1 or more).
- This diisocyanate compound is, for example, OCN—C 6 H 12 —NCO.
- the content of the diisocyanate compound in the solvent is not particularly limited and is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the electrolyte salt includes, for example, any one or more of lithium salts.
- the electrolyte salt may contain a salt other than the lithium salt, for example.
- the salt other than lithium include salts of light metals other than lithium.
- lithium salt examples include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ), and tetraphenyl.
- Lithium borate LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4
- lithium methanesulfonate LiCH 3 SO 3
- lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiCF 3 SO 3
- lithium tetrachloroaluminate LiAlCl 4
- hexafluoride examples include dilithium silicate (Li 2 SiF 6 ), lithium chloride (LiCl), and lithium bromide (LiBr). This is because excellent battery capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and the like can be obtained.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate and lithium hexafluoroarsenate are preferable, and lithium hexafluorophosphate is more preferable. . This is because a higher effect can be obtained because the internal resistance is lowered.
- the content of the electrolyte salt is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 mol / kg to 3.0 mol / kg with respect to the solvent. This is because high ionic conductivity is obtained.
- This secondary battery operates as follows, for example.
- lithium ions are released from the positive electrode 21, and the lithium ions are occluded in the negative electrode 22 through the electrolytic solution.
- lithium ions are released from the negative electrode 22, and the lithium ions are occluded in the positive electrode 21 through the electrolytic solution.
- This secondary battery is manufactured by the following procedure, for example.
- the positive electrode 21 When the positive electrode 21 is manufactured, first, a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode binder, a positive electrode conductive agent, and the like are mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture. Subsequently, a positive electrode mixture slurry is obtained by dispersing the positive electrode mixture in an organic solvent or the like. Finally, after applying the positive electrode mixture slurry to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A, the positive electrode mixture slurry is dried to form the positive electrode active material layer 21B. After that, the positive electrode active material layer 21B may be compression-molded using a roll press machine or the like. In this case, the positive electrode active material layer 21B may be heated, or compression molding may be repeated a plurality of times.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B is formed on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A by the same procedure as the method for manufacturing the negative electrode for secondary battery of the present technology described above.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 21A using a welding method or the like, and the negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the negative electrode current collector 22A using a welding method or the like.
- the wound electrode body 20 is formed by winding the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 stacked via the separator 23.
- the center pin 24 is inserted into a space formed at the winding center of the wound electrode body 20.
- the wound electrode body 20 is accommodated in the battery can 11 while the wound electrode body 20 is sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the safety valve mechanism 15 using a welding method or the like
- the negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the battery can 11 using a welding method or the like.
- the battery lid 14, the safety valve mechanism 15, and the heat sensitive resistance element 16 are caulked to the opening end of the battery can 11 through the gasket 17. Thereby, a cylindrical secondary battery is completed.
- the negative electrode 22 is manufactured by the same procedure as the above-described method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a secondary battery of the present technology, excellent battery characteristics can be obtained.
- Lithium-ion secondary battery (laminate film type)> 6 shows a perspective configuration of another secondary battery
- FIG. 7 shows a cross section taken along line VII-VII of the spirally wound electrode body 30 shown in FIG. FIG. 6 shows a state where the wound electrode body 30 and the exterior member 40 are separated from each other.
- the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery having a laminated film type battery structure.
- a wound electrode body 30, which is a battery element, is accommodated inside a film-shaped exterior member 40.
- a positive electrode 33 and a negative electrode 34 that are stacked via a separator 35 and an electrolyte layer 36 are wound.
- a positive electrode lead 31 is connected to the positive electrode 33, and a negative electrode lead 32 is connected to the negative electrode 34.
- the outermost peripheral part of the wound electrode body 30 is protected by a protective tape 37.
- the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 is led out in the same direction from the inside of the exterior member 40 to the outside, for example.
- the positive electrode lead 31 includes any one type or two or more types of conductive materials such as aluminum.
- the negative electrode lead 32 includes any one type or two or more types of conductive materials such as copper, nickel, and stainless steel. These conductive materials have, for example, a thin plate shape or a mesh shape.
- the exterior member 40 is, for example, a single film that can be folded in the direction of the arrow R shown in FIG. 6, and a part of the exterior member 40 is for storing the wound electrode body 30. A depression is provided.
- the exterior member 40 is, for example, a laminate film in which a fusion layer, a metal layer, and a surface protective layer are laminated in this order. In the manufacturing process of the secondary battery, the exterior member 40 is folded so that the fusion layers face each other with the wound electrode body 30 therebetween, and the outer peripheral edge portions of the fusion layer are fused.
- the exterior member 40 may be two laminated films bonded together with an adhesive or the like.
- the fusing layer includes, for example, any one kind or two or more kinds of films such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
- the metal layer includes, for example, any one or more of aluminum foils.
- the surface protective layer includes, for example, any one kind or two or more kinds of films such as nylon and polyethylene terephthalate.
- the exterior member 40 is an aluminum laminate film in which a polyethylene film, an aluminum foil, and a nylon film are laminated in this order.
- the exterior member 40 may be a laminate film having another laminated structure, a polymer film such as polypropylene, or a metal film.
- an adhesive film 41 is inserted between the exterior member 40 and the positive electrode lead 31 in order to prevent intrusion of outside air. Further, for example, the adhesion film 41 described above is inserted between the exterior member 40 and the negative electrode lead 32.
- the adhesion film 41 includes any one kind or two or more kinds of materials having adhesion to both the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32. Examples of the material having adhesiveness include a polyolefin resin, and more specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polyethylene, and modified polypropylene.
- the positive electrode 33 includes, for example, a positive electrode current collector 33A and a positive electrode active material layer 33B.
- the negative electrode 34 has the same configuration as the above-described negative electrode for a secondary battery of the present technology, and includes, for example, a negative electrode current collector 34A and a negative electrode active material layer 34B.
- the configurations of the positive electrode current collector 33A, the positive electrode active material layer 33B, the negative electrode current collector 34A, and the negative electrode active material layer 34B are, for example, the positive electrode current collector 21A, the positive electrode active material layer 21B, the negative electrode current collector 22A, and the negative electrode
- the configuration is the same as that of each of the active material layers 22B.
- the configuration of the separator 35 is the same as that of the separator 23, for example.
- the electrolyte layer 36 contains an electrolytic solution and a polymer compound.
- This electrolytic solution has the same configuration as the electrolytic solution used in the above-described cylindrical secondary battery.
- the electrolyte layer 36 described here is a so-called gel electrolyte, and an electrolyte solution is held in the electrolyte layer 36 by a polymer compound. This is because high ionic conductivity (for example, 1 mS / cm or more at room temperature) is obtained and leakage of the electrolytic solution is prevented.
- the electrolyte layer 36 may further include any one kind or two or more kinds of other materials such as additives.
- the polymer compound includes one or more of homopolymers and copolymers.
- Homopolymers include, for example, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polysiloxane, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacryl Examples thereof include methyl acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, polystyrene and polycarbonate.
- the copolymer is, for example, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropyrene.
- the homopolymer is preferably polyvinylidene fluoride, and the copolymer is preferably a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropyrene. This is because it is electrochemically stable.
- the “solvent” contained in the electrolyte solution is a wide concept including not only a liquid material but also a material having ion conductivity capable of dissociating the electrolyte salt. . For this reason, when using the high molecular compound which has ion conductivity, the high molecular compound is also contained in a solvent.
- the wound electrode body 30 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- This secondary battery operates as follows, for example.
- lithium ions are released from the positive electrode 33 and the lithium ions are occluded in the negative electrode 34 through the electrolyte layer 36.
- lithium ions are released from the negative electrode 34 and the lithium ions are occluded in the positive electrode 33 through the electrolyte layer 36.
- the secondary battery provided with the gel electrolyte layer 36 is manufactured, for example, by the following three types of procedures.
- the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are manufactured by the same manufacturing procedure as that of the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22. Specifically, when the positive electrode 33 is manufactured, the positive electrode active material layer 33B is formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 33A, and when the negative electrode 34 is manufactured, the negative electrode current collector 34A is formed on both surfaces with the negative electrode. The active material layer 34B is formed. Subsequently, a precursor solution is prepared by mixing an electrolytic solution, a polymer compound, an organic solvent, and the like. Then, after apply
- the precursor solution is dried, and the gel electrolyte layer 36 is formed.
- the positive electrode lead 31 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 33A using a welding method or the like, and the negative electrode lead 32 is connected to the negative electrode current collector 34A using a welding method or the like.
- the wound electrode body 30 is formed by winding the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 stacked via the separator 35.
- the protective tape 37 is attached to the outermost peripheral portion of the wound electrode body 30.
- the outer peripheral edge portions of the exterior member 40 are bonded to each other using a heat fusion method or the like, thereby winding the exterior member 40 inside.
- the rotary electrode body 30 is enclosed.
- the adhesion film 41 is inserted between the positive electrode lead 31 and the exterior member 40, and the adhesion film 41 is inserted between the negative electrode lead 32 and the exterior member 40.
- the positive electrode lead 31 is connected to the positive electrode 33 using a welding method or the like, and the negative electrode lead 32 is connected to the negative electrode 34 using a welding method or the like.
- a wound body that is a precursor of the wound electrode body 30 is manufactured by winding the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 stacked via the separator 35.
- the protective tape 37 is affixed on the outermost periphery part of a wound body.
- the remaining outer peripheral edge portion excluding the outer peripheral edge portion on one side of the exterior member 40 is bonded using a heat fusion method or the like.
- the wound body is accommodated in the bag-shaped exterior member 40.
- an electrolyte composition is prepared by mixing an electrolytic solution, a monomer that is a raw material of the polymer compound, a polymerization initiator, and other materials such as a polymerization inhibitor as necessary.
- the electrolyte composition is injected into the bag-shaped exterior member 40, the exterior member 40 is sealed using a heat fusion method or the like.
- the polymer is formed by thermally polymerizing the monomer. Thereby, since the electrolytic solution is held by the polymer compound, the gel electrolyte layer 36 is formed.
- a wound body is produced by the same procedure as the second procedure described above, except that the separator 35 in which the polymer compound layer is formed on the porous film (base material layer) is used.
- the wound body is housed inside the shaped exterior member 40.
- the opening of the exterior member 40 is sealed using a thermal fusion method or the like.
- the exterior member 40 is heated to bring the separator 35 into close contact with the positive electrode 33 through the polymer compound layer and the separator 35 through the polymer compound layer to the negative electrode. Adhere to 34.
- the electrolytic solution impregnates the polymer compound layer, and the polymer compound layer gels, so that the electrolyte layer 36 is formed.
- the secondary battery is less likely to swell compared to the first procedure. Further, in the third procedure, compared with the second procedure, the solvent, the monomer (raw material of the polymer compound) and the like hardly remain in the electrolyte layer 36, and therefore the formation process of the polymer compound is well controlled. For this reason, each of the positive electrode 33, the negative electrode 34, and the separator 35 is sufficiently adhered to the electrolyte layer 36.
- the negative electrode 34 is manufactured by the same procedure as the above-described method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a secondary battery of the present technology, excellent battery characteristics can be obtained.
- Lithium metal secondary battery The secondary battery described here is a cylindrical lithium metal secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode 22 is obtained by precipitation and dissolution of lithium metal.
- This secondary battery has the same configuration as the above-described cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery except that the negative electrode active material layer 22B is formed of lithium metal, and is manufactured by the same procedure.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B may already exist from the time of assembly. Further, the negative electrode active material layer 22B does not exist at the time of assembly, and may be formed of lithium metal deposited at the time of charging. Note that the negative electrode current collector 22A may be omitted by using the negative electrode active material layer 22B as a current collector.
- This secondary battery operates as follows, for example. At the time of charging, lithium ions are released from the positive electrode 21, and the lithium ions are deposited as lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A through the electrolytic solution. On the other hand, at the time of discharging, lithium metal is converted into lithium ions from the negative electrode active material layer 22B and eluted into the electrolytic solution, and the lithium ions are occluded in the positive electrode 21 through the electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode 22 has the same configuration as the above-described negative electrode for a secondary battery of the present technology, and is similar to the method for manufacturing the negative electrode for a secondary battery of the present technology described above. Since the negative electrode 22 is manufactured by the procedure, excellent battery characteristics can be obtained. Other operations and effects are the same as those of the lithium ion secondary battery.
- the configuration of the lithium metal secondary battery described here is not limited to the cylindrical secondary battery, and may be applied to a laminate film type secondary battery. In this case, the same effect can be obtained.
- Secondary batteries can be used in machines, equipment, instruments, devices and systems (aggregates of multiple equipment) that can be used as a power source for driving or a power storage source for power storage. If there is, it will not be specifically limited.
- the secondary battery used as a power source may be a main power source or an auxiliary power source.
- the main power source is a power source that is preferentially used regardless of the presence or absence of other power sources.
- the auxiliary power supply may be, for example, a power supply used instead of the main power supply, or a power supply that can be switched from the main power supply as necessary.
- the type of main power source is not limited to the secondary battery.
- the usage of the secondary battery is, for example, as follows.
- Electronic devices including portable electronic devices
- portable electronic devices such as video cameras, digital still cameras, mobile phones, notebook computers, cordless phones, headphone stereos, portable radios, portable televisions, and portable information terminals.
- It is a portable living device such as an electric shaver.
- Storage devices such as backup power supplies and memory cards.
- Electric tools such as electric drills and electric saws.
- It is a battery pack that is mounted on a notebook computer or the like as a detachable power source.
- Medical electronic devices such as pacemakers and hearing aids.
- An electric vehicle such as an electric vehicle (including a hybrid vehicle).
- It is an electric power storage system such as a home battery system that stores electric power in case of an emergency.
- the secondary battery may be used for other purposes.
- the battery pack is a power source using a secondary battery. As will be described later, this battery pack may use a single battery or an assembled battery.
- An electric vehicle is a vehicle that operates (runs) using a secondary battery as a driving power source, and may be an automobile (such as a hybrid automobile) that includes a drive source other than the secondary battery as described above.
- the power storage system is a system that uses a secondary battery as a power storage source.
- a secondary battery which is a power storage source
- An electric power tool is a tool in which a movable part (for example, a drill etc.) moves, using a secondary battery as a driving power source.
- An electronic device is a device that exhibits various functions using a secondary battery as a driving power source (power supply source).
- FIG. 8 shows a perspective configuration of a battery pack using single cells
- FIG. 9 shows a block configuration of the battery pack shown in FIG. FIG. 8 shows a state where the battery pack is disassembled.
- the battery pack described here is a simple battery pack (so-called soft pack) using one secondary battery of the present technology, and is mounted on, for example, an electronic device typified by a smartphone.
- the battery pack includes a power supply 111 that is a laminate film type secondary battery, and a circuit board 116 connected to the power supply 111.
- a positive electrode lead 112 and a negative electrode lead 113 are attached to the power source 111.
- a pair of adhesive tapes 118 and 119 are attached to both side surfaces of the power source 111.
- a protection circuit (PCM: Protection Circuit Circuit Module) is formed on the circuit board 116.
- the circuit board 116 is connected to the positive electrode 112 through the tab 114 and is connected to the negative electrode lead 113 through the tab 115.
- the circuit board 116 is connected to a lead wire 117 with a connector for external connection. In the state where the circuit board 116 is connected to the power source 111, the circuit board 116 is protected by the label 120 and the insulating sheet 121. By attaching the label 120, the circuit board 116, the insulating sheet 121, and the like are fixed.
- the battery pack includes, for example, a power supply 111 and a circuit board 116 as shown in FIG.
- the circuit board 116 includes, for example, a control unit 121, a switch unit 122, a PTC element 123, and a temperature detection unit 124. Since the power source 111 can be connected to the outside via the positive electrode terminal 125 and the negative electrode terminal 127, the power source 111 is charged / discharged via the positive electrode terminal 125 and the negative electrode terminal 127.
- the temperature detector 124 detects the temperature using a temperature detection terminal (so-called T terminal) 126.
- the controller 121 controls the operation of the entire battery pack (including the usage state of the power supply 111).
- the control unit 121 includes, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) and a memory.
- the control unit 121 disconnects the switch unit 122 so that the charging current does not flow in the current path of the power supply 111. For example, when a large current flows during charging, the control unit 121 cuts off the charging current by cutting the switch unit 122.
- the control unit 121 disconnects the switch unit 122 so that no discharge current flows in the current path of the power supply 111.
- the control unit 121 cuts off the discharge current by cutting the switch unit 122.
- the overcharge detection voltage is, for example, 4.2V ⁇ 0.05V, and the overdischarge detection voltage is, for example, 2.4V ⁇ 0.1V.
- the switch unit 122 switches the usage state of the power source 111, that is, whether or not the power source 111 is connected to an external device, in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 121.
- the switch unit 122 includes, for example, a charge control switch and a discharge control switch.
- Each of the charge control switch and the discharge control switch is, for example, a semiconductor switch such as a field effect transistor (MOSFET) using a metal oxide semiconductor.
- MOSFET field effect transistor
- the temperature detection unit 124 measures the temperature of the power supply 111 and outputs the temperature measurement result to the control unit 121.
- the temperature detection unit 124 includes a temperature detection element such as a thermistor, for example.
- the temperature measurement result measured by the temperature detection unit 124 is used when the control unit 121 performs charge / discharge control during abnormal heat generation, or when the control unit 121 performs correction processing when calculating the remaining capacity. .
- circuit board 116 may not include the PTC element 123. In this case, a PTC element may be attached to the circuit board 116 separately.
- FIG. 10 shows a block configuration of a battery pack using an assembled battery.
- This battery pack includes, for example, a control unit 61, a power source 62, a switch unit 63, a current measurement unit 64, a temperature detection unit 65, a voltage detection unit 66, and a switch control unit 67 inside the housing 60.
- the housing 60 includes, for example, a plastic material.
- the control unit 61 controls the operation of the entire battery pack (including the usage state of the power supply 62).
- the control unit 61 includes, for example, a CPU.
- the power source 62 is an assembled battery including two or more secondary batteries of the present technology, and the connection form of the two or more secondary batteries may be in series, in parallel, or a mixture of both.
- the power source 62 includes six secondary batteries connected in two parallel three series.
- the switch unit 63 switches the usage state of the power source 62, that is, whether or not the power source 62 is connected to an external device, in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 61.
- the switch unit 63 includes, for example, a charge control switch, a discharge control switch, a charging diode, a discharging diode, and the like.
- Each of the charge control switch and the discharge control switch is, for example, a semiconductor switch such as a field effect transistor (MOSFET) using a metal oxide semiconductor.
- MOSFET field effect transistor
- the current measurement unit 64 measures the current using the current detection resistor 70 and outputs the measurement result of the current to the control unit 61.
- the temperature detection unit 65 measures the temperature using the temperature detection element 69 and outputs the temperature measurement result to the control unit 61. This temperature measurement result is used, for example, when the control unit 61 performs charge / discharge control during abnormal heat generation, or when the control unit 61 performs correction processing when calculating the remaining capacity.
- the voltage detection unit 66 measures the voltage of the secondary battery in the power source 62 and supplies the control unit 61 with the measurement result of the analog-digital converted voltage.
- the switch control unit 67 controls the operation of the switch unit 63 according to signals input from the current measurement unit 64 and the voltage detection unit 66, respectively.
- the switch control unit 67 disconnects the switch unit 63 (charge control switch) so that the charging current does not flow in the current path of the power source 62.
- the power source 62 can only discharge through the discharging diode.
- the switch control unit 67 cuts off the charging current.
- the switch control unit 67 disconnects the switch unit 63 (discharge control switch) so that the discharge current does not flow in the current path of the power source 62.
- the power source 62 can only be charged via the charging diode.
- the switch control unit 67 interrupts the discharge current.
- the overcharge detection voltage is, for example, 4.2V ⁇ 0.05V, and the overdischarge detection voltage is, for example, 2.4V ⁇ 0.1V.
- the memory 68 includes, for example, an EEPROM which is a nonvolatile memory.
- the memory 68 stores, for example, numerical values calculated by the control unit 61, information on the secondary battery measured in the manufacturing process stage (for example, internal resistance in an initial state), and the like. If the full charge capacity of the secondary battery is stored in the memory 68, the control unit 61 can grasp information such as the remaining capacity.
- the temperature detection element 69 measures the temperature of the power supply 62 and outputs the temperature measurement result to the control unit 61.
- the temperature detection element 69 includes, for example, a thermistor.
- Each of the positive electrode terminal 71 and the negative electrode terminal 72 is used for an external device (eg, a notebook personal computer) that is operated using a battery pack, an external device (eg, a charger) that is used to charge the battery pack, and the like. It is a terminal to be connected.
- the power source 62 is charged and discharged via the positive terminal 71 and the negative terminal 72.
- FIG. 11 shows a block configuration of a hybrid vehicle which is an example of an electric vehicle.
- This electric vehicle includes, for example, a control unit 74, an engine 75, a power source 76, a driving motor 77, a differential device 78, a generator 79, and a transmission 80 inside a metal casing 73. And a clutch 81, inverters 82 and 83, and various sensors 84.
- the electric vehicle includes, for example, a front wheel drive shaft 85 and a front wheel 86 connected to the differential device 78 and the transmission 80, and a rear wheel drive shaft 87 and a rear wheel 88.
- This electric vehicle can travel using, for example, one of the engine 75 and the motor 77 as a drive source.
- the engine 75 is a main power source, such as a gasoline engine.
- the driving force (rotational force) of the engine 75 is transmitted to the front wheels 86 and the rear wheels 88 via the differential device 78, the transmission 80, and the clutch 81 which are driving units.
- the motor 77 serving as the conversion unit is used as a power source
- the power (DC power) supplied from the power source 76 is converted into AC power via the inverter 82, and therefore the motor is utilized using the AC power.
- 77 is driven.
- the driving force (rotational force) converted from the electric power by the motor 77 is transmitted to the front wheels 86 and the rear wheels 88 via, for example, a differential device 78 that is a driving unit, a transmission 80, and a clutch 81.
- the motor 77 may generate AC power using the rotational force. Good. Since this AC power is converted into DC power via the inverter 82, the DC regenerative power is preferably stored in the power source 76.
- the control unit 74 controls the operation of the entire electric vehicle.
- the control unit 74 includes, for example, a CPU.
- the power source 76 includes one or more secondary batteries of the present technology.
- the power source 76 may be connected to an external power source, and may store power by receiving power supply from the external power source.
- the various sensors 84 are used, for example, to control the rotational speed of the engine 75 and to control the throttle valve opening (throttle opening).
- the various sensors 84 include, for example, any one or more of speed sensors, acceleration sensors, engine speed sensors, and the like.
- the electric vehicle may be a vehicle (electric vehicle) that operates using only the power source 76 and the motor 77 without using the engine 75.
- FIG. 12 shows a block configuration of the power storage system.
- This power storage system includes, for example, a control unit 90, a power source 91, a smart meter 92, and a power hub 93 in a house 89 such as a general house or a commercial building.
- the power source 91 is connected to an electric device 94 installed in the house 89 and can be connected to an electric vehicle 96 stopped outside the house 89.
- the power source 91 is connected to, for example, a private generator 95 installed in a house 89 via a power hub 93 and also connected to an external centralized power system 97 via a smart meter 92 and the power hub 93. It is possible.
- the electric device 94 includes, for example, one or more home appliances, and the home appliances are, for example, a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a television, and a water heater.
- the private power generator 95 includes, for example, any one type or two or more types among a solar power generator and a wind power generator.
- the electric vehicle 96 includes, for example, any one or more of an electric vehicle, an electric motorcycle, and a hybrid vehicle.
- the centralized power system 97 includes, for example, any one or more of a thermal power plant, a nuclear power plant, a hydroelectric power plant, and a wind power plant.
- the control unit 90 controls the operation of the entire power storage system (including the usage state of the power supply 91).
- the control unit 90 includes, for example, a CPU.
- the power source 91 includes one or more secondary batteries of the present technology.
- the smart meter 92 is, for example, a network-compatible power meter installed in the house 89 on the power demand side, and can communicate with the power supply side. Accordingly, the smart meter 92 enables highly efficient and stable energy supply, for example, by controlling the balance between the demand and supply of power in the house 89 while communicating with the outside.
- the power storage system for example, power is accumulated in the power source 91 from the centralized power system 97 that is an external power source via the smart meter 92 and the power hub 93, and from the private power generator 95 that is an independent power source via the power hub 93.
- electric power is accumulated in the power source 91.
- the electric power stored in the power supply 91 is supplied to the electric device 94 and the electric vehicle 96 in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 90, so that the electric device 94 can be operated and the electric vehicle 96 can be charged.
- the power storage system is a system that makes it possible to store and supply power in the house 89 using the power source 91.
- the power stored in the power source 91 can be used as necessary. For this reason, for example, power is stored in the power source 91 from the centralized power system 97 at midnight when the electricity usage fee is low, and the power stored in the power source 91 is used during the day when the electricity usage fee is high. it can.
- the power storage system described above may be installed for each house (one household), or may be installed for each of a plurality of houses (multiple households).
- FIG. 13 shows a block configuration of the electric power tool.
- the electric tool described here is, for example, an electric drill.
- This electric tool includes, for example, a control unit 99 and a power source 100 inside a tool body 98.
- a drill portion 101 which is a movable portion is attached to the tool body 98 so as to be operable (rotatable).
- the tool main body 98 includes, for example, a plastic material.
- the control unit 99 controls the operation of the entire power tool (including the usage state of the power supply 100).
- the control unit 99 includes, for example, a CPU.
- the power supply 100 includes one or more secondary batteries of the present technology.
- the control unit 99 supplies power from the power supply 100 to the drill unit 101 in accordance with the operation of the operation switch.
- test electrode 51 accommodated in the exterior cup 54 and the counter electrode 53 accommodated in the exterior can 52 are laminated via the separator 55, and the exterior can 52 and the exterior cup 54 are stacked. Are caulked through a gasket 56.
- An electrolyte layer that is a gel electrolyte is interposed between the test electrode 51 and the separator 55, and an electrolyte layer is similarly interposed between the counter electrode 53 and the separator 55.
- a positive electrode active material LiCoO 2
- a positive electrode binder polyvinylidene fluoride
- a positive electrode conductive agent Ketjen Black
- an organic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a positive electrode mixture was stirred (kneaded) using a self-revolving mixer to obtain a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry.
- an aqueous dispersion was prepared.
- the first central portion silicon-based material
- the polyacrylate lithium polyacrylate (LPA), sodium polyacrylate (SPA) and potassium polyacrylate (KPA) were used.
- the carboxymethylcellulose salt carboxymethylcellulose lithium (CMCL) was used. Thereby, the aqueous dispersion containing a 1st center part and polyacrylic acid salt or carboxymethylcellulose salt was obtained.
- a polyacrylate aqueous solution and a carboxymethyl cellulose salt aqueous solution were not used for comparison.
- other materials were used instead of the polyacrylate aqueous solution and the carboxymethylcellulose salt aqueous solution.
- Other materials are polyacrylic acid aqueous solution containing polyacrylic acid (PA) and carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution containing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
- composition of the aqueous dispersion that is, the mixing ratio (% by weight) of a series of materials used for preparing the aqueous dispersion are as shown in Table 1.
- a first negative electrode active material was formed using a filtration method.
- coated part containing a polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose salt, or another material was formed in the surface of the 1st center part, the 1st negative electrode active material which is a filtrate was obtained.
- a first negative electrode active material was formed using a spray dry (SD) method or a pulverization method.
- SD spray dry
- a pulverization method an aqueous dispersion was sprayed using a spray drying apparatus (manufactured by Fujisaki Electric Co., Ltd.), and then the sprayed product was dried.
- the pulverization method the aqueous dispersion was dried (90 ° C.), and then the dried product was pulverized using a planetary ball mill (manufactured by Fritsch Japan).
- a non-aqueous dispersion was prepared.
- the first negative electrode active material, the second negative electrode active material (mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) which is a carbon-based material, median diameter D50 21 ⁇ m)
- the negative electrode binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyimide (PI) and aramid (AR) were used. Thereby, a non-aqueous dispersion (slurry) containing the first negative electrode active material, the second negative electrode active material, the negative electrode binder, and the negative electrode conductive agent was obtained.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PI polyimide
- AR aramid
- composition of the non-aqueous dispersion that is, the mixing ratio (% by weight) of a series of materials used to prepare the non-aqueous dispersion are as shown in Table 2.
- the mixing ratio of the negative electrode conductive agent the mixing ratio of the fibrous carbon was 1% by weight.
- the structure of the negative electrode active material layer formed using the non-aqueous dispersion is as shown in Table 2.
- the ratio W1 (solid content) of the weight of the first covering portion with respect to the weight of the first central portion is changed by changing the mixing ratio of the polyacrylate aqueous solution or the like. % By weight) was adjusted.
- a solution was prepared.
- cycle maintenance ratio (%) (discharge capacity at the 100th cycle / discharge capacity at the second cycle) ⁇ 100 was calculated.
- the battery When charging at the first cycle, the battery was charged with a current of 0.2 C until the voltage reached 4.3 V, and further charged with a voltage of 4.3 V until the current reached 0.025 C. At the time of discharging in the first cycle, discharging was performed at a current of 0.2 C until the voltage reached 2.5V. At the time of charging after the second cycle, the battery was charged with a current of 0.5 C until the voltage reached 4.3 V, and further charged with a voltage of 4.3 V until the current reached 0.025 C. During the second and subsequent cycles, discharging was performed at a current of 0.5 C until the voltage reached 2.5V.
- 0.2 C is a current value at which the battery capacity (theoretical capacity) can be discharged in 5 hours.
- 0.025C is a current value at which the battery capacity can be discharged in 40 hours.
- 0.5 C is a current value at which the battery capacity can be discharged in 2 hours.
- a secondary battery (one cycle charge / discharge completed) with the battery state stabilized by the same procedure as when examining the cycle characteristics is used, and discharging is performed in a room temperature environment (23 ° C.).
- the discharge capacity was measured in the second and fourth cycles by charging and discharging the secondary battery for another three cycles while changing the current.
- the battery was charged with a current of 0.2 C until the voltage reached 4.3 V, and then charged with a voltage of 4.3 V until the current reached 0.025 C.
- discharging was performed at a current of 0.2 C until the voltage reached 2.5V.
- “2C” is a current value at which the battery capacity can be discharged in 0.5 hours.
- the cycle maintenance ratio and the load maintenance ratio varied greatly depending on the configuration of the negative electrode active material layer.
- coated part containing polyacrylic acid When the 1st coating
- polyacrylic acid exhibits weak acidity
- polymer chains are likely to aggregate in the polyacrylic acid.
- the electrolytic solution is easily decomposed on the surface of the first central portion. Therefore, both the cycle maintenance factor and the load maintenance factor are reduced.
- weakly acidic polyacrylic acid corrodes devices used for manufacturing secondary batteries.
- polyacrylic acid is excessively swollen due to heat generated in the manufacturing process of the secondary battery, so that it significantly deteriorates.
- the polyacrylate does not exhibit acidity, so that the polymer chains are less likely to aggregate in the polyacrylate.
- the electrolytic solution is hardly decomposed on the surface of the first central portion. Therefore, both the cycle maintenance rate and the load maintenance rate are increased.
- the apparatus is hardly corroded and significant deterioration is prevented.
- the manufacturing procedure of the test electrode 51 is the same as the manufacturing procedure of the test electrode 51 described with respect to Experimental Examples 1-1 to 1-16, except as described below.
- the first central portion silicon-based material
- a polyacrylate aqueous solution or carboxymethyl cellulose salt, and an aqueous solvent (pure water) were mixed, and the mixture was stirred.
- the polyacrylate aqueous solution and the carboxymethyl cellulose salt aqueous solution were not used, and other materials (polyacrylic acid aqueous solution and carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution) were used.
- composition of the aqueous dispersion that is, the mixing ratio (% by weight) of a series of materials used for preparing the aqueous dispersion are as shown in Table 3.
- composition of the non-aqueous dispersion that is, the mixing ratio (% by weight) of a series of materials used for preparing the non-aqueous dispersion are as shown in Table 4 and Table 5.
- fibrous carbon and carbon black were used as the negative electrode conductive agent.
- the mixing ratio of the negative electrode conductive agent the mixing ratio of fibrous carbon was 1.2 wt%, and the mixing ratio of carbon black was 0.5 wt%.
- the structure of the negative electrode active material layer formed using the non-aqueous dispersion is as shown in Table 4 and Table 5.
- coated part When polyacrylic acid or carboxymethylcellulose is included (Experimental Examples 2-17 to 2-20), compared with the case where the first and second coating parts are not provided (Experimental Example 2-16).
- the load maintenance ratio was below the same level, but the cycle maintenance ratio was low.
- the first covering portion is provided on the surface of the first central portion
- the second covering portion is provided on the surface of the second central portion
- the first covering portion and the second covering portion are provided.
- each of them contains a polyacrylate or carboxymethylcellulose salt (Experimental Examples 2-1 to 2-15)
- the first coating part and the second coating part are not provided (Experimental Example 2-16). )
- the load retention rate was equal or better, but the cycle retention rate was higher.
- Example 3-1 to 3-4 A secondary battery was fabricated and the battery characteristics were examined in the same procedure as in Experimental Examples 2-1 to 2-15 except that a hydrogen bonding buffer or a silane coupling (SC) agent was included in the aqueous dispersion. It was.
- a hydrogen bonding buffer or a silane coupling (SC) agent was included in the aqueous dispersion. It was.
- composition of the aqueous dispersion was changed as shown in Table 6, and the configuration of the negative electrode active material layer was changed as shown in Table 7.
- a sodium borate (SB) aqueous solution was used as a hydrogen bonding buffer.
- SB sodium borate
- HTS trimethoxysilane
- the negative electrode has a first negative electrode active material (a first central portion containing a silicon-based material and a first covering portion containing a polyacrylate), a second negative electrode active material (a carbon-based material).
- a first negative electrode active material a first central portion containing a silicon-based material and a first covering portion containing a polyacrylate
- a second negative electrode active material a carbon-based material.
- the negative electrode binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride
- the secondary battery of the present technology can be applied when the battery element has other battery structures such as a square type and a button type, and can also be applied when the battery element has another structure such as a laminated structure. .
- the electrolyte solution for a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present technology is not limited to a secondary battery, and may be applied to other electrochemical devices.
- Other electrochemical devices are, for example, capacitors.
- the negative electrode includes a first negative electrode active material, a second negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode binder.
- the first negative electrode active material is provided on the surface of the first central portion containing a material containing silicon as a constituent element, and at least one of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt.
- a first covering portion The second negative electrode active material contains a material containing carbon as a constituent element,
- the negative electrode binder contains at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide and aramid, Secondary battery.
- the polyacrylate salt contained in the first covering portion includes at least one of lithium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, and potassium polyacrylate
- the carboxymethylcellulose salt contained in the first covering portion includes at least one of carboxymethylcellulose lithium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium and carboxymethylcellulose potassium.
- the secondary battery as described in said (1).
- the specific surface area of the first negative electrode active material is 0.1 m 2 / g or more and 10 m 2 / g or less.
- the specific surface area of the first negative electrode active material is 0.5 m 2 / g or more and 1 m 2 / g or less.
- Each of the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material is a plurality of particles
- the ratio D1 / D2 of the median diameter D1 (D50: ⁇ m) of the first negative electrode active material to the median diameter D2 (D50: ⁇ m) of the second negative electrode active material is 0.05 or more and 2 or less
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material layer that includes the first negative electrode active material, the second negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode binder and has a plurality of pores.
- the ratio W1 of the weight of the first covering portion to the weight of the first central portion is less than 20% by weight.
- the second negative electrode active material is provided on the surface of the second central portion containing the material containing carbon as a constituent element, and at least one of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt. Containing a second covering portion, The secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (6) above.
- the polyacrylate salt contained in the second coating portion includes at least one of lithium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, and potassium polyacrylate
- the carboxymethylcellulose salt contained in the second coating part includes at least one of carboxymethylcellulose lithium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium and carboxymethylcellulose potassium.
- the secondary battery according to (7) above. (9)
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material layer including the first negative electrode active material, the second negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode binder,
- the proportion W2 of the weight of at least one of the polyacrylate and the carboxymethyl cellulose contained in the negative electrode active material layer with respect to the weight of the negative electrode active material layer is 0.1 wt% or more 4 .5% by weight or less,
- Each thickness of the first covering portion and the second covering portion is less than 1 ⁇ m.
- (11) Each coverage of the 1st covering part and the 2nd covering part is 50% or more.
- (12) The thickness of the first covering portion is smaller than the thickness of the second covering portion, Alternatively, the thickness of the second covering portion is smaller than the thickness of the first covering portion.
- the negative electrode further includes a hydrogen bonding buffer containing at least one of borate, phosphate and ethanolamine.
- the negative electrode further includes at least one of a silane coupling agent containing an amino group, a silane coupling agent containing sulfur as a constituent element, and a silane coupling agent containing fluorine as a constituent element.
- the secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (13).
- a lithium ion secondary battery The secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (14).
- aqueous dispersion containing a first central portion containing a material containing silicon as a constituent element, at least one of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt, and an aqueous solvent From the aqueous dispersion, a first covering part containing at least one of the polyacrylate and the carboxymethylcellulose salt is separated from the first negative electrode active material formed on the surface of the first central part, A first negative electrode active material; a second negative electrode active material containing a material containing carbon as a constituent element; a negative electrode binder containing at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide and aramid; and a non-aqueous solvent A non-aqueous dispersion containing The negative electrode is manufactured using the non-aqueous dispersion.
- the aqueous dispersion further includes a second central portion containing a material containing the carbon as a constituent element, The second negative electrode active material in which a second covering portion containing at least one of the polyacrylic acid salt and the carboxymethyl cellulose salt is further formed on the surface of the second central portion is separated from the aqueous dispersion. And The non-aqueous dispersion further includes the second negative electrode active material in which the second covering portion is formed on the surface of the second central portion.
- the first negative electrode active material is provided on the surface of the first central portion containing a material containing silicon as a constituent element, and at least one of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt. And a first covering portion
- the second negative electrode active material contains a material containing carbon as a constituent element
- the negative electrode binder contains at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide and aramid, Negative electrode for secondary battery.
- the second negative electrode active material is provided on the surface of the second central portion containing the material containing carbon as a constituent element, and at least one of polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose salt.
- aqueous dispersion containing a first central portion containing a material containing silicon as a constituent element, at least one of a polyacrylate and a carboxymethylcellulose salt, and an aqueous solvent; From the aqueous dispersion, a first covering part containing at least one of the polyacrylate and the carboxymethylcellulose salt is separated from the first negative electrode active material formed on the surface of the first central part, A first negative electrode active material; a second negative electrode active material containing a material containing carbon as a constituent element; a negative electrode binder containing at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide and aramid; and a non-aqueous solvent A non-aqueous dispersion containing The negative electrode is manufactured using the non-aqueous dispersion.
- a method for producing a negative electrode for a secondary battery comprising a second central portion containing a material containing the carbon as a constituent element, The second negative electrode active material in which a second covering portion containing at least one of the polyacrylic acid salt and the carboxymethyl cellulose salt is further formed on the surface of the second central portion is separated from the aqueous dispersion. And The non-aqueous dispersion further includes the second negative electrode active material in which the second covering portion is formed on the surface of the second central portion.
- the manufacturing method of the negative electrode for secondary batteries as described in said (20).
- a power tool comprising: a movable part to which electric power is supplied from the secondary battery.
- An electronic device comprising the secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (15) as a power supply source.
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Abstract
Description
1.二次電池用負極およびその製造方法(第1実施形態)
1-1.二次電池用負極
1-2.二次電池用負極の製造方法
1-3.作用および効果
2.二次電池用負極およびその製造方法(第2実施形態)
2-1.二次電池用負極
2-2.二次電池用負極の製造方法
2-3.作用および効果
3.二次電池およびその製造方法
3-1.リチウムイオン二次電池(円筒型)
3-2.リチウムイオン二次電池(ラミネートフィルム型)
3-3.リチウム金属二次電池
4.二次電池の用途
4-1.電池パック(単電池)
4-2.電池パック(組電池)
4-3.電動車両
4-4.電力貯蔵システム
4-5.電動工具
まず、本技術の第1実施形態の二次電池用負極およびその製造方法に関して説明する。
ここで説明する二次電池用負極(以下、単に「負極」ともいう。)は、例えば、二次電池などの電気化学デバイスに用いられる。この負極が用いられる二次電池の種類は、特に限定されないが、例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池などである。
負極集電体1は、例えば、導電性材料のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいる。導電性材料の種類は、特に限定されないが、例えば、銅、アルミニウム、ニッケルおよびステンレスなどの金属材料であり、その金属材料のうちの2種類以上を含む合金でもよい。なお、負極集電体1は、単層でもよいし、多層でもよい。
負極活物質層2は、電極反応物質を吸蔵放出することが可能である2種類の負極活物質(後述する第1負極活物質200および第2負極活物質300)と、負極結着剤とを含んでいる。なお、負極活物質層2は、単層でもよいし、多層でもよい。
第2負極活物質300は、炭素系材料のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいる。この「炭素系材料」とは、炭素を構成元素として含む材料の総称である。
第1負極活物質200は、上記したように、第1中心部201および第1被覆部202を含んでいる。
負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドなどのうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいる。第1負極活物質200および第2負極活物質300などの結着性を向上させるためである。
負極活物質層2は、さらに、水素結合の再結合を生じさせる水素結合緩衝剤のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいてもよい。
また、負極活物質層2は、さらに、負極結着剤に対して高い親和性を有するシランカップリング剤のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいてもよい。
なお、負極活物質層2は、さらに、他の材料のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいてもよい。
この負極は、以下の手順により製造される。以下では、負極を構成する一連の構成要素の形成材料に関しては既に詳細に説明したので、その形成材料に関する説明を随時省略する。
この負極によれば、第1負極活物質200と、第2負極活物質300と、負極結着剤とを含んでいる。第2負極活物質300は、炭素系材料を含んでいる。第1負極活物質200では、ケイ素系材料を含む第1中心部201の表面に、ポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの一方または双方を含む第1被覆部202が設けられている。負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいる。
次に、本技術の第2実施形態の二次電池用負極およびその製造方法に関して説明する。
ここで説明する二次電池用負極(以下、単に「負極」ともいう。)は、例えば、第2負極活物質300の代わりに、後述する第2負極活物質400を含んでいることを除き、第1実施形態の負極と同様の構成を有している。以下では、第1実施形態の負極の構成要素を随時引用しながら、本実施形態の負極の構成を説明する。
この負極は、例えば、第1負極活物質200の形成手順と同様の手順により第2負極活物質400が形成されることを除き、第1実施形態の負極と同様の手順により製造される。
この負極によれば、第1負極活物質200と、第2負極活物質400と、負極結着剤とを含んでいる。第1負極活物質200では、ケイ素系材料を含む第1中心部201の表面に、ポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの一方または双方を含む第1被覆部202が設けられている。第2負極活物質400では、炭素系材料を含む第2中心部401の表面に、ポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの一方または双方を含む第2被覆部402が設けられている。負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいる。
次に、上記した本技術の二次電池用負極を用いた二次電池およびその製造方法に関して説明する。
図4は、二次電池の断面構成を表しており、図5は、図4に示した巻回電極体20の一部の断面構成を表している。
二次電池は、円筒型の電池構造を有している。この二次電池では、例えば、図4に示したように、中空円柱状の電池缶11の内部に、一対の絶縁板12,13と、電池素子である巻回電極体20とが収納されている。巻回電極体20では、例えば、セパレータ23を介して積層された正極21および負極22が巻回されている。この巻回電極体20には、例えば、液状の電解質である電解液が含浸されている。
正極21は、例えば、図5に示したように、正極集電体21Aと、その正極集電体21Aの上に設けられた正極活物質層21Bとを含んでいる。
(M1は、コバルト、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、スズ、カルシウム、ストロンチウムおよびタングステンのうちの少なくとも1種である。a~eは、0.8≦a≦1.2、0<b<0.5、0≦c≦0.5、(b+c)<1、-0.1≦d≦0.2および0≦e≦0.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(M2は、コバルト、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、モリブデン、スズ、カルシウム、ストロンチウムおよびタングステンのうちの少なくとも1種である。a~dは、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.005≦b≦0.5、-0.1≦c≦0.2および0≦d≦0.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(M3は、ニッケル、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、モリブデン、スズ、カルシウム、ストロンチウムおよびタングステンのうちの少なくとも1種である。a~dは、0.8≦a≦1.2、0≦b<0.5、-0.1≦c≦0.2および0≦d≦0.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(M4は、コバルト、ニッケル、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、モリブデン、スズ、カルシウム、ストロンチウムおよびタングステンのうちの少なくとも1種である。a~dは、0.9≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.6、3.7≦c≦4.1および0≦d≦0.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(M5は、コバルト、マンガン、鉄、ニッケル、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、ニオブ、銅、亜鉛、モリブデン、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、タングステンおよびジルコニウムのうちの少なくとも1種である。aは、0.9≦a≦1.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(xは、0≦x≦1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、xは完全放電状態の値である。)
負極22は、上記した本技術の二次電池用負極と同様の構成を有している。
セパレータ23は、正極21と負極22との間に配置されている。これにより、セパレータ23は、正極21と負極22とを隔離すると共に、その正極21と負極22との接触に起因する電流の短絡を防止しながらリチウムイオンを通過させる。
電解液は、例えば、溶媒のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上と、電解質塩のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上とを含んでいる。なお、電解液は、さらに、添加剤などの各種材料のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいてもよい。
この二次電池は、例えば、以下のように動作する。
この二次電池は、例えば、以下の手順により製造される。
この二次電池によれば、負極22が上記した本技術の二次電池用負極と同様の構成を有しているので、優れた電池特性を得ることができる。これ以外の作用および効果は、本技術の二次電池用負極の作用および効果と同様である。
図6は、他の二次電池の斜視構成を表しており、図7は、図6に示した巻回電極体30のVII-VII線に沿った断面を表している。なお、図6では、巻回電極体30と外装部材40とが離間された状態を示している。
二次電池は、ラミネートフィルム型の電池構造を有するリチウムイオン二次電池である。この二次電池では、例えば、図6に示したように、フィルム状の外装部材40の内部に、電池素子である巻回電極体30が収納されている。巻回電極体30では、例えば、セパレータ35および電解質層36を介して積層された正極33および負極34が巻回されている。正極33には、正極リード31が接続されていると共に、負極34には、負極リード32が接続されている。巻回電極体30の最外周部は、保護テープ37により保護されている。
正極33は、例えば、正極集電体33Aおよび正極活物質層33Bを含んでいる。負極34は、上記した本技術の二次電池用負極と同様の構成を有しており、例えば、負極集電体34Aおよび負極活物質層34Bを含んでいる。正極集電体33A、正極活物質層33B、負極集電体34Aおよび負極活物質層34Bのそれぞれの構成は、例えば、正極集電体21A、正極活物質層21B、負極集電体22Aおよび負極活物質層22Bのそれぞれの構成と同様である。セパレータ35の構成は、例えば、セパレータ23の構成と同様である。
この二次電池は、例えば、以下のように動作する。
ゲル状の電解質層36を備えた二次電池は、例えば、以下の3種類の手順により製造される。
この二次電池によれば、負極34が上記した本技術の二次電池用負極と同様の構成を有しているので、優れた電池特性を得ることができる。これ以外の作用および効果は、本技術の負極の作用および硬化と同様である。
ここで説明する二次電池は、リチウム金属の析出溶解により負極22の容量が得られる円筒型のリチウム金属二次電池である。この二次電池は、負極活物質層22Bがリチウム金属により形成されていることを除き、上記した円筒型のリチウムイオン二次電池と同様の構成を有していると共に、同様の手順により製造される。
次に、上記した二次電池の適用例に関して説明する。
図8は、単電池を用いた電池パックの斜視構成を表しており、図9は、図8に示した電池パックのブロック構成を表している。なお、図8では、電池パックが分解された状態を示している。
図10は、組電池を用いた電池パックのブロック構成を表している。
図11は、電動車両の一例であるハイブリッド自動車のブロック構成を表している。
図12は、電力貯蔵システムのブロック構成を表している。
図13は、電動工具のブロック構成を表している。
1.二次電池の作製および評価(第1実施形態)
2.二次電池の作製および評価(第2実施形態)
(実験例1-1~1-16)
以下の手順により、ケイ素系材料を含む第1中心部の表面に第1被覆部が設けられた第1負極活物質を用いて、二次電池を作製した。この場合には、試験用の二次電池として、図14に示したコイン型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
(実験例2-1~2-20)
第1中心部(ケイ素系材料)の表面に第1被覆部が設けられた第1負極活物質と共に、第2中心部(炭素系材料)の表面に第2被覆部が設けられた第2負極活物質を用いたことを除き、実験例1-1~1-16と同様の手順により、二次電池を作製すると共に電池特性を調べた。
水性分散液に水素結合緩衝剤またはシランカップリング(SC)剤を含有させたことを除き、実験例2-1~2-15と同様の手順により、二次電池を作製すると共に電池特性を調べた。
(1)
正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、第1負極活物質と、第2負極活物質と、負極結着剤とを含み、
前記第1負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、その第1中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部とを含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有し、
前記負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、
二次電池。
(2)
前記第1被覆部に含有されている前記ポリアクリル酸塩は、ポリアクリル酸リチウム、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムおよびポリアクリル酸カリウムのうちの少なくとも1種を含み、
前記第1被覆部に含有されている前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩は、カルボキシメチルセルロースリチウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムおよびカルボキシメチルセルロースカリウムのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
上記(1)に記載の二次電池。
(3)
前記第1負極活物質の比表面積は、0.1m2 /g以上10m2 /g以下である、
上記(1)または(2)に記載の二次電池。
(4)
前記第1負極活物質の比表面積は、0.5m2 /g以上1m2 /g以下である、
上記(3)に記載の二次電池。
(5)
前記第1負極活物質および前記第2負極活物質のそれぞれは、複数の粒子状であり、
前記第2負極活物質のメジアン径D2(D50:μm)に対する前記第1負極活物質のメジアン径D1(D50:μm)の比D1/D2は、0.05以上2以下であると共に、
前記負極は、前記第1負極活物質、前記第2負極活物質および前記負極結着剤を含むと共に複数の細孔を有する負極活物質層を備え、
水銀圧入法を用いて前記複数の細孔に対する水銀の浸入量の変化率を測定した際に、その水銀の浸入量の変化率がピークを示す孔径は、0.5μm以上5μm以下である、
上記(1)ないし(4)のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
(6)
前記第1中心部の重量に対して前記第1被覆部の重量が占める割合W1は、20重量%未満である、
上記(1)ないし(5)のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
(7)
前記第2負極活物質は、前記炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2中心部と、その第2中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第2被覆部とを含む、
上記(1)ないし(6)のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
(8)
前記第2被覆部に含有されている前記ポリアクリル酸塩は、ポリアクリル酸リチウム、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムおよびポリアクリル酸カリウムのうちの少なくとも1種を含み、
前記第2被覆部に含有されている前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩は、カルボキシメチルセルロースリチウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムおよびカルボキシメチルセルロースカリウムのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
上記(7)に記載の二次電池。
(9)
前記負極は、前記第1負極活物質、前記第2負極活物質および前記負極結着剤を含む負極活物質層を備え、
前記負極活物質層の重量に対して、その負極活物質層に含まれている前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロースのうちの少なくとも一方の重量が占める割合W2は、0.1重量%以上4.5重量%以下である、
上記(7)または(8)に記載の二次電池。
(10)
前記第1被覆部および前記第2被覆部のそれぞれの厚さは、1μm未満である、
上記(7)ないし(9)のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
(11)
前記第1被覆部および前記第2被覆部のそれぞれの被覆率は、50%以上である、
上記(7)ないし(10)のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
(12)
前記第1被覆部の厚さは、前記第2被覆部の厚さよりも小さく、
または、前記第2被覆部の厚さは、前記第1被覆部の厚さよりも小さい、
上記(7)ないし(11)のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
(13)
前記負極は、さらに、ホウ酸塩、リン酸塩およびエタノールアミンのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する水素結合緩衝剤を含む、
上記(1)ないし(12)のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
(14)
前記負極は、さらに、アミノ基を含むシランカップリング剤、硫黄を構成元素として含むシランカップリング剤、およびフッ素を構成元素として含むシランカップリング剤のうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
上記(1)ないし(13)のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
(15)
リチウムイオン二次電池である、
上記(1)ないし(14)のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
(16)
二次電池に正極および電解液と共に用いられる負極の製造工程において、
ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、ポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方と、水性溶媒とを含む水性分散液を調製し、
前記水性分散液から、前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部が前記第1中心部の表面に形成された第1負極活物質を分離し、
前記第1負極活物質と、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2負極活物質と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する負極結着剤と、非水性溶媒とを含む非水性分散液を調製し、
前記非水性分散液を用いて、前記負極を製造する、
二次電池の製造方法。
(17)
前記水性分散液は、さらに、前記炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2中心部を含み、
前記水性分散液から、さらに、前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第2被覆部が前記第2中心部の表面に形成された前記第2負極活物質を分離し、
前記非水性分散液は、さらに、前記第2被覆部が前記第2中心部の表面に形成された前記第2負極活物質を含む、
上記(16)に記載の二次電池の製造方法。
(18)
第1負極活物質と、第2負極活物質と、負極結着剤とを含み、
前記第1負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、その第1中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部とを含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有し、
前記負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、
二次電池用負極。
(19)
前記第2負極活物質は、前記炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2中心部と、その第2中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第2被覆部とを含む、
上記(18)に記載の二次電池用負極。
(20)
二次電池に用いられる負極の製造工程において、
ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、ポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方と、水性溶媒とを含む水性分散液を調製し、
前記水性分散液から、前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部が前記第1中心部の表面に形成された第1負極活物質を分離し、
前記第1負極活物質と、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2負極活物質と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する負極結着剤と、非水性溶媒とを含む非水性分散液を調製し、
前記非水性分散液を用いて、前記負極を製造する、
二次電池用負極の製造方法。
(21)
前記水性分散液は、さらに、前記炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2中心部を含み、
前記水性分散液から、さらに、前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第2被覆部が前記第2中心部の表面に形成された前記第2負極活物質を分離し、
前記非水性分散液は、さらに、前記第2被覆部が前記第2中心部の表面に形成された前記第2負極活物質を含む、
上記(20)に記載の二次電池用負極の製造方法。
(22)
上記(1)ないし(15)のいずれかに記載の二次電池と、
前記二次電池の動作を制御する制御部と、
前記制御部の指示に応じて前記二次電池の動作を切り換えるスイッチ部と
を備えた、電池パック。
(23)
上記(1)ないし(15)のいずれかに記載の二次電池と、
前記二次電池から供給された電力を駆動力に変換する変換部と、
前記駆動力に応じて駆動する駆動部と、
前記二次電池の動作を制御する制御部と
を備えた、電動車両。
(24)
上記(1)ないし(15)のいずれかに記載の二次電池と、
前記二次電池から電力を供給される1または2以上の電気機器と、
前記二次電池からの前記電気機器に対する電力供給を制御する制御部と
を備えた、電力貯蔵システム。
(25)
上記(1)ないし(15)のいずれかに記載の二次電池と、
前記二次電池から電力を供給される可動部と
を備えた、電動工具。
(26)
上記(1)ないし(15)のいずれかに記載の二次電池を電力供給源として備えた、電子機器。
Claims (26)
- 正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、第1負極活物質と、第2負極活物質と、負極結着剤とを含み、
前記第1負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、その第1中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部とを含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有し、
前記負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、
二次電池。 - 前記第1被覆部に含有されている前記ポリアクリル酸塩は、ポリアクリル酸リチウム、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムおよびポリアクリル酸カリウムのうちの少なくとも1種を含み、
前記第1被覆部に含有されている前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩は、カルボキシメチルセルロースリチウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムおよびカルボキシメチルセルロースカリウムのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1負極活物質の比表面積は、0.1m2 /g以上10m2 /g以下である、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1負極活物質の比表面積は、0.5m2 /g以上1m2 /g以下である、
請求項3記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1負極活物質および前記第2負極活物質のそれぞれは、複数の粒子状であり、
前記第2負極活物質のメジアン径D2(D50:μm)に対する前記第1負極活物質のメジアン径D1(D50:μm)の比D1/D2は、0.05以上2以下であると共に、
前記負極は、前記第1負極活物質、前記第2負極活物質および前記負極結着剤を含むと共に複数の細孔を有する負極活物質層を備え、
水銀圧入法を用いて前記複数の細孔に対する水銀の浸入量の変化率を測定した際に、その水銀の浸入量の変化率がピークを示す孔径は、0.5μm以上5μm以下である、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1中心部の重量に対して前記第1被覆部の重量が占める割合W1は、20重量%未満である、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - 前記第2負極活物質は、前記炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2中心部と、その第2中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第2被覆部とを含む、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - 前記第2被覆部に含有されている前記ポリアクリル酸塩は、ポリアクリル酸リチウム、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムおよびポリアクリル酸カリウムのうちの少なくとも1種を含み、
前記第2被覆部に含有されている前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩は、カルボキシメチルセルロースリチウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムおよびカルボキシメチルセルロースカリウムのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項7記載の二次電池。 - 前記負極は、前記第1負極活物質、前記第2負極活物質および前記負極結着剤を含む負極活物質層を備え、
前記負極活物質層の重量に対して、その負極活物質層に含まれている前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロースのうちの少なくとも一方の重量が占める割合W2は、0.1重量%以上4.5重量%以下である、
請求項7記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1被覆部および前記第2被覆部のそれぞれの厚さは、1μm未満である、
請求項7記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1被覆部および前記第2被覆部のそれぞれの被覆率は、50%以上である、
請求項7記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1被覆部の厚さは、前記第2被覆部の厚さよりも小さく、
または、前記第2被覆部の厚さは、前記第1被覆部の厚さよりも小さい、
請求項7記載の二次電池。 - 前記負極は、さらに、ホウ酸塩、リン酸塩およびエタノールアミンのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する水素結合緩衝剤を含む、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - 前記負極は、さらに、アミノ基を含むシランカップリング剤、硫黄を構成元素として含むシランカップリング剤、およびフッ素を構成元素として含むシランカップリング剤のうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - リチウムイオン二次電池である、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - 二次電池に正極および電解液と共に用いられる負極の製造工程において、
ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、ポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方と、水性溶媒とを含む水性分散液を調製し、
前記水性分散液から、前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部が前記第1中心部の表面に形成された第1負極活物質を分離し、
前記第1負極活物質と、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2負極活物質と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する負極結着剤と、非水性溶媒とを含む非水性分散液を調製し、
前記非水性分散液を用いて、前記負極を製造する、
二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記水性分散液は、さらに、前記炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2中心部を含み、
前記水性分散液から、さらに、前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第2被覆部が前記第2中心部の表面に形成された前記第2負極活物質を分離し、
前記非水性分散液は、さらに、前記第2被覆部が前記第2中心部の表面に形成された前記第2負極活物質を含む、
請求項16記載の二次電池の製造方法。 - 第1負極活物質と、第2負極活物質と、負極結着剤とを含み、
前記第1負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、その第1中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部とを含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有し、
前記負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、
二次電池用負極。 - 前記第2負極活物質は、前記炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2中心部と、その第2中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第2被覆部とを含む、
請求項18記載の二次電池用負極。 - 二次電池に用いられる負極の製造工程において、
ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、ポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方と、水性溶媒とを含む水性分散液を調製し、
前記水性分散液から、前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部が前記第1中心部の表面に形成された第1負極活物質を分離し、
前記第1負極活物質と、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2負極活物質と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する負極結着剤と、非水性溶媒とを含む非水性分散液を調製し、
前記非水性分散液を用いて、前記負極を製造する、
二次電池用負極の製造方法。 - 前記水性分散液は、さらに、前記炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第2中心部を含み、
前記水性分散液から、さらに、前記ポリアクリル酸塩および前記カルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第2被覆部が前記第2中心部の表面に形成された前記第2負極活物質を分離し、
前記非水性分散液は、さらに、前記第2被覆部が前記第2中心部の表面に形成された前記第2負極活物質を含む、
請求項20記載の二次電池用負極の製造方法。 - 二次電池と、
前記二次電池の動作を制御する制御部と、
前記制御部の指示に応じて前記二次電池の動作を切り換えるスイッチ部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、第1負極活物質と、第2負極活物質と、負極結着剤とを含み、
前記第1負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、その第1中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部とを含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有し、
前記負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、
電池パック。 - 二次電池と、
前記二次電池から供給された電力を駆動力に変換する変換部と、
前記駆動力に応じて駆動する駆動部と、
前記二次電池の動作を制御する制御部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、第1負極活物質と、第2負極活物質と、負極結着剤とを含み、
前記第1負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、その第1中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部とを含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有し、
前記負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、
電動車両。 - 二次電池と、
前記二次電池から電力を供給される1または2以上の電気機器と、
前記二次電池からの前記電気機器に対する電力供給を制御する制御部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、第1負極活物質と、第2負極活物質と、負極結着剤とを含み、
前記第1負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、その第1中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部とを含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有し、
前記負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、
電力貯蔵システム。 - 二次電池と、
前記二次電池から電力を供給される可動部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、第1負極活物質と、第2負極活物質と、負極結着剤とを含み、
前記第1負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、その第1中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部とを含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有し、
前記負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、
電動工具。 - 二次電池を電力供給源として備え、
前記二次電池は、正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、第1負極活物質と、第2負極活物質と、負極結着剤とを含み、
前記第1負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む材料を含有する第1中心部と、その第1中心部の表面に設けられると共にポリアクリル酸塩およびカルボキシメチルセルロース塩のうちの少なくとも一方を含有する第1被覆部とを含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、炭素を構成元素として含む材料を含有し、
前記負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリイミドおよびアラミドのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、
電子機器。
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