WO2017002594A1

WO2017002594A1 - Rapeseed hull and use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2017002594A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/067511
Authority: WO
Inventors: 三四郎齋藤; 久片岡; 陽平田▲崎▼; 庸介椹木
Original assignee: 株式会社Ｊ－オイルミルズ
Priority date: 2015-07-02
Filing date: 2016-06-13
Publication date: 2017-01-05
Also published as: JP6856529B2; JPWO2017002594A1

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a technique for efficiently utilizing rapeseed hull as a feed material. In particular, to provide a technique whereby rapeseed hull can be used as a material suitable for fermentation in livestock digestive tracts. [Solution] The rapeseed hull according to the present invention, which is obtained by dehulling rapeseeds, is characterized by containing grains with a grain size of 250-1400 μm at a ratio of 80 wt% or greater. The rapeseed hull may contain 0.1-14% of an oily component. Also provided is a feed that contains the aforesaid rapeseed hull. This feed is particularly useful for ruminants.

Description

Rape seed coat and its use

The present invention relates to a rapeseed skin having specific physical properties and its use, and more specifically to the rapeseed skin capable of adjusting digestive function and its use.

Controlling the function of the digestive tract of livestock is effective in preventing diseases and improving digestion, and as a result, producing livestock products efficiently. Fermentation greatly affects digestive function as digestion of food intake in the digestive tract. Therefore, for example, it is often performed to control fermentation by administration of a microbial preparation.

Ruminants such as cattle develop ruminants such as rumen (ruminals) in order to use fiber that cannot be used in normal animals as an energy source. Inside the lumen, the homeostasis is maintained by the ingested feed, saliva, fermentation products, etc., and the environment is suitable for microorganisms to live. FIG. 1 shows the route of rumen fermentation. The feed contains a large amount of carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch. Carbohydrates are converted into short chain fatty acids (also called volatile fatty acids) such as acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid, lactic acid, methane, CO ₂ , hydrogen, and the like by microbial enzymes in the rumen. Short chain fatty acids are largely absorbed from the rumen wall and become the main energy source for animals. In particular, it is preferable to promote the production of propionic acid.

∙ Lactic acid produced in the course of the rumen fermentation pathway accumulates in rumen without being converted to propionic acid, which affects the growth of ruminants. According to Non-Patent Document 1, rumen acidosis is caused by the growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Streptococcus bovis in the lumen, the lactic acid accumulates in the lumen, and the pH of the rumen solution (hereinafter referred to as “lumen pH”). Is a state of 5 or less, showing clinical symptoms such as loss of appetite, drastic reduction of milk production, recumbency, inability to stand. A state in which the rumen pH is 5.8 or less is called subacute rumen acidosis, and causes diseases such as decreased food intake, diarrhea, rumen mucus damage, lobe inflammation, and liver abscess. Therefore, a technique for suppressing the accumulation of lactic acid in rumen rumen and promoting the production of propionic acid is desired.

In animal breeding, the effective use of limited grain resources is also an important issue. For example, an organic acid obtained by fermenting ruminant feed in the rumen is a raw material for synthesizing milk fat in the mammary gland. Therefore, in order to increase milk production, it is desirable to be able to efficiently convert feed to specific organic acids.

Rapeseed meal, a by-product of rapeseed, is used as a feed ingredient. When rapeseed meal is used as a feed ingredient, it is generally blended as a protein source necessary for animal growth. The utilization method from the viewpoint of fermentation in the digestive tract has not been considered.

Several methods for separating components have been proposed in order to effectively use the components of rapeseed. Patent Document 1 discloses a method of pulverizing rapeseed seeds to obtain a division mainly composed of germ. Patent Document 2 shows that an excellent food material obtained by pulverizing and classifying a specific structure of oil seeds can be obtained. Patent Document 3 discloses a molting treatment method without oil leaching in a rapeseed molting method using an entrator type impact pulverizer. According to this method, it is reported that the obtained real part becomes a feed with good fluidity. Patent Document 4 describes a method for extracting rapeseed seeds, characterized in that rapeseed seeds are ground by a rotating grinding body, separated into outer shells and kernels, and the outer shells and kernels are separately pressed. The skin ground by this method is powdery and has a moisture content of 13% and an oil content of 15%. In Patent Document 5, rapeseed seeds are dehulled in advance, separated into dehulled rapeseed seeds and rapeseed seed coats, the rapeseed seed coats are subjected to oil extraction treatment, oil is collected from the seed coats, and defatted rapeseed seed coats are prepared. There is described a method for producing a vegetable oil characterized in that a rapeseed seed coat is blended with a molted rapeseed seed and then compressed. According to this method, it is possible to produce a high-protein rapeseed meal and a rapeseed meal with improved palatability.

JP 2000-316472 (seed rapeseed germ separation method and rapeseed germ oil) WO00 / 27222 (classification method for oily seeds or cereals and finely divided products) JP 5-1296 (Rapeseed molting method) Japanese Patent Publication No.33-6767 (Rapeseed oil extraction method) JP2012-116877 (Method for producing vegetable oil and plant meal)

The above-mentioned conventional technologies are not technically impossible, but are difficult to establish as an industry. This is because the skin part obtained by molting cannot be used effectively and has no value. That is, it has been a problem to use the skin part effectively.

When raising an animal, it is generally required to feed a high-energy feed more efficiently. In ruminant rumen, the fiber contained in the feed is metabolized by microorganisms to produce organic acids. When lipids adhere to rumen microorganisms, problems such as microbial metabolism inhibition and growth suppression occur due to the toxic effects of certain fatty acids and changes in the membrane cells of microorganisms. Thus, lipid administration to ruminants does not have a positive effect on the production of organic acids in the rumen. The same applies to rapeseed meal, and fermentation is suppressed when a pressed rapeseed meal containing about 13% oil is allowed to act on rumen microorganisms compared to a normal rapeseed meal containing almost no oil.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for effectively using rapeseed skin as a feed material. In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique that enables optimum use from the viewpoint of fermentation in the digestive tract of livestock animals. It is another object of the present invention to provide a feed that has high energy and does not inhibit microbial fermentation in the lumen.

As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved according to the rapeseed coat having a specific range of particle size distribution. That is, the present invention provides a rapeseed skin obtained by molting rapeseed, characterized by having a particle size of 250 to 1400 μm of 80% by weight or more. The particle size in the present invention is determined by whether or not it passes through the sieve openings unless otherwise specified. Patent Document 4 does not describe the particle size distribution defined in the present invention, although a husk having a powdery shape by grinding rapeseed seeds, that is, a rapeseed coat, is obtained. Moreover, the method of grinding rapeseed seeds with a grindstone made of gold and sand as described in Patent Document 4 has the disadvantages that separation of the skin and the fruit is not sufficient and the oil content of the rapeseed skin tends to be high, as will be described later. Have. Even if Patent Document 5 describes that defatted rapeseed seed coat may be pulverized prior to blending with defatted rapeseed seed, its particle size distribution is not described. Since the defatted rapeseed seed coat is mixed with the peeled rapeseed seed and subjected to pressing treatment, when added to a feed ingredient such as the present invention and ingested by livestock, lactic acid is reduced in the fermented product and propionic acid is increased. The effect is not obtained. Further, the dehulled rapeseed seed of Patent Document 5 requires degreasing, and the effect of the rapeseed hull when not degreased in the present invention does not suppress fermentation even when compared with the degreased rapeseed hull and produces a useful organic acid. Cannot be obtained.

The rapeseed skin is a rapeseed skin containing 0.1 to 14% by weight of oil.

The present invention also provides a feed containing the rapeseed skin.

The above-mentioned feed usually contains 0.1 to 100% by weight, preferably 0.9 to 22.5% by weight of the rapeseed skin.

The above feed is particularly suitable for ruminants.

The present invention also comprises a step of molting rapeseed, and a step of adjusting the ratio of particles having a particle size of 250 to 1400 μm to 80% by weight or more in the rapeseed skin obtained by molting the rapeseed Provide a method.

The particle size adjustment step is a step of pulverizing rapeseed skin obtained by molting rapeseed, for example.

The present invention also provides a method for raising livestock, which comprises mixing the rapeseed skin with feed and administering it to livestock.

The present invention also provides a method for adjusting fermentation in the digestive tract of livestock, comprising mixing the rapeseed skin with feed and administering it to livestock.

The present invention also provides a disease prevention method for livestock, which comprises mixing the rapeseed skin with feed and administering it to livestock.

As shown in Table 5, the conventional rapeseed skin occupies most of a particle size of about 1500 μm or more. When rapeseed skin having a particle size of 250 to 1400 μm according to the present invention is 80% by weight or more is added to feed raw materials and ingested by livestock, lactic acid is reduced in the fermented product and propionic acid is increased. Therefore, the rapeseed skin having the particle size distribution defined in the present invention is effective in suppressing lactic acid synthesis and rumen acidosis.

Since the rapeseed skin of the present invention suppresses lactic acid and rumen acidosis, the rapeseed skin of the present invention is mixed with feed and administered to livestock, thereby improving the breeding speed of livestock, adjusting the fermentation in the digestive tract of livestock, and Livestock disease prevention is possible. In particular, the use of rapeseed skin having a high oil content further improves the breeding speed of livestock.

給与 Feeding ruminants with high oil content inhibits the metabolism of microorganisms, and conventionally, rapeseed skin with high oil content could not be used as feed material. The present inventors have found that even when the rapeseed skin contains about 13% by weight of oil, fermentation is not suppressed as compared with defatted rapeseed skin, and useful organic acids are produced. By using the rapeseed coat of the high oil content of the present invention, it is possible to provide a feed material that does not inhibit microbial fermentation in the rumen despite high energy.

Figure 2 shows a rumen fermentation pathway diagram for ruminants. FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the relationship between the rapeseed grain size distribution and the fermentation, with the total amount of organic acids generated in the culture solution with the sample addition rate varied from 0.1 to 2.5% by weight. It is the figure which compared the lactic acid generation amount of the culture solution of FIG. The rapeseed skin of Example 1 contributes to lactic acid reduction at an addition rate of 0.5% by weight. In comparison between the inventive rapeseed skin product of Example 1 and the conventional rapeseed skin product of Comparative Example 1, the rapeseed skin invention product (Example 1) is more or less likely to generate a total organic acid, Lactic acid decreased. That is, the rapeseed skin of the present invention having a predetermined particle size distribution is effective for the synthesis of milk fat and the suppression of rumen acidosis. It is the figure which compared the amount of propionic acid generation of the culture solution of FIG. The invention product of rapeseed skin of Example 1 contributed to the increase of propionic acid at an addition rate of 0.5% by weight. In comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, propionic acid increased in Example 1. That is, the rapeseed skin of the present invention having a predetermined particle size distribution is effective for promoting the synthesis of propionic acid and its use as an energy source. It is the figure which compared the acetic acid generation amount of the culture solution of FIG. The rapeseed skin invention product of Example 1 contributed to an increase in acetic acid at an addition rate of 0.5% by weight. The rapeseed skin of the present invention having a predetermined particle size distribution is effective for promoting the synthesis of acetic acid and its use as an energy source.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. The rapeseed skin of the present invention means a skin portion obtained when the rapeseed seed is peeled. Conventionally, rapeseed meal has been known as an industrial product containing rapeseed skin. The rapeseed meal refers to rapeseed meal remaining after rapeseed seeds are squeezed and / or extracted by solvent extraction. The rapeseed skin and the rapeseed meal differ in the manufacturing method. The difference in the manufacturing method also appears in the composition. Rapeseed skin obtained by peeling rapeseed seed, rapeseed skin defatted from it, pressed rapeseed meal remaining after pressing rapeseed seed, and composition of rapeseed meal remaining after pressing and solvent extraction of rapeseed seed (water content standard) ) Is shown in Table 1.

Rapeseed peel: peeled rapeseed seeds with a press and separated the skin with a wind separator Degreased rapeseed peel: the above rapeseed peel defatted with diethyl ether in a Soxhlet extractor pressed rapeseed meal: Rapeseed rapeseed meal after rapeseed seeds are squeezed with a press: Rapeseed meal CP manufactured by J-Oil Mills Co., Ltd .: Crude protein NSI: Water-soluble nitrogen index (Nitrogen solubility index)
NDICP: neutral detergent insoluble protein ADFom: acidic detergent fiber NDFom: neutral detergent fiber

From Table 1, it can be seen that the rapeseed meal has a higher content of crude protein and a lower content of crude fiber, ADFom, and NDFom than rapeseed skin.

When rapeseed skin or rapeseed meal was provided to animals as feed ingredients, the effects of differences in the production method and composition based on it on animal utilization were investigated. Specifically, an experiment was conducted in which four types of samples shown in Table 1 were cultured in bovine rumen solution. In the culture test, first, rumen fluid was collected from F1 cows equipped with rumen fistula. The filtrate obtained by filtering 500 mL of the rumen solution was diluted 2-fold with McDougal's Buffer. 25 mL of the diluted solution was charged into a 50 mL vial containing a test sample in advance. Each sample was added so that the addition amount was 1.0% by weight with respect to the rumen solution. The added amount of 1.0% by weight corresponds to an amount containing 9% by weight in the mixed feed, converted from the body weight and the amount of food intake of the cow.

1% by weight of starch was added to all the vials as a fermentation substrate with respect to these culture solutions, the gas phase in the vials was replaced with nitrogen gas, and sealed with a butyl rubber stopper and an aluminum seal. The obtained mixed solution was statically cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. After 24 hours of culture, 1 mL of 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added to the vial to stop the fermentation.

The glass vial with an injection needle was stabbed in the said vial bottle, and gas was inhaled until it became normal pressure. By reading the scale of this syringe, the amount of gas produced by fermentation was measured. Moreover, the composition (hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide) of fermentation gas was measured by TCD gas chromatography. The results are shown in Table 2.

From Table 2, it can be seen that gas generation was observed in all the samples, and that all feed materials were fermented in the bovine rumen liquid and utilized in the rumen.

When the bacterial composition in the culture solution after 24 hours of culture was analyzed by tRFLP, a similar bacterial flora composition was observed between the pressed rapeseed meal and the rapeseed meal. A similar bacterial flora composition was also found between rapeseed and defatted rapeseed. However, the composition of the bacterial flora was different between the pressed rapeseed meal / rapeseed meal group and the rapeseed skin / defatted rapeseed skin group. From this, it can be seen that rapeseed skin and rapeseed meal change the fermentation profile in bovine rumen liquid based on the difference in production method and composition.

The culture broth was diluted 3-fold with distilled water, 1/10 amount of perchloric acid (14%) was added, and the mixture was filtered through a filter (pore size: 0.45 μm). The filtrate was subjected to ion exclusion liquid chromatography to measure the concentration of organic acids (lactic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid and n-butyric acid, succinic acid, formic acid, iso-butyric acid, n-valeric acid, iso-valeric acid). Table 3 shows the results obtained by converting the measured values of all organic acids, lactic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid into relative values when the value of Blank (no sample added) is 100.

The remaining sample in the culture solution was collected in a filter bag (ANKOM, F57), and the crude fiber content after the culture was measured using a fiber analyzer (manufactured by ANKOM, product name: A-200 Fiber Analyzer). Crude fiber digestibility, the following formula:

It calculated in. The results are shown in Table 3.

Increase / decrease in total amount due to the presence or absence of degreasing: Relative value of rapeseed skin or pressed rapeseed meal when the defatted rapeseed skin or rapeseed meal is taken as 100% Increase / decrease of lactic acid by the presence or absence of defatting: defatted rapeseed skin or rapeseed meal Relative value of rapeseed skin or compressed rapeseed meal when the rapeseed is 100% Increase / decrease of propionic acid depending on the presence or absence of defatting: Relative value of rapeseed skin or compressed rapeseed meal when the defatted rapeseed skin or rapeseed meal is 100%

Table 3 shows that when rapeseed skin or rapeseed meal is cultured in bovine rumen solution, the total organic acid in the culture solution increases. When the total organic acid generation amount is compared between the pressed rapeseed meal and the rapeseed meal, the pressed rapeseed meal is reduced by 11% from the generation amount of the rapeseed meal. That is, rapeseed meal suppresses the generation of organic acids when the oil content is high. On the other hand, when the total organic acid generation amount was compared between the rapeseed skin and the defatted rapeseed skin, the generation amount was the same. That is, rapeseed skin does not inhibit the production of organic acids even if the oil content is high.

Referring to the trend of each organic acid, compressed rapeseed meal also uniformly reduces the amount of lactic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid generated based on the decrease in total organic acid compared to rapeseed meal. On the other hand, defatted rapeseed skin has a higher ratio of lactic acid than rapeseed skin.

When comparing the digestibility of crude fiber in the rumen between the pressed rapeseed meal and the rapeseed meal, the pressed rapeseed meal is 41% lower than the digestibility of the rapeseed meal. That is, rapeseed meal suppresses digestion of crude fibers when the oil content is high. On the other hand, when the digestibility of the crude fiber is compared between the rapeseed skin and the defatted rapeseed skin, the rapeseed skin is 18% higher than the defatted rapeseed skin. That is, rapeseed skin does not only inhibit digestion of crude fibers even if the oil content is high, but also helps to promote digestion.

Generally, it is known that when a lot of oil is contained in feed, it adversely affects rumen microorganisms and lowers the fiber digestibility. Therefore, when supplying a large amount of oil, it is processed into rumen-insoluble fatty acids such as fatty acid calcium and hydrogenated fatty acids. Even if the oil content is high, the rapeseed coat does not hinder the generation of organic acids and has a positive effect on the digestion of the crude fiber. Rapeseed skin can be said to be superior to rapeseed meal in that it can be administered in a high oil content, that is, in a high energy state.

As described above, when rapeseed skin and rapeseed meal are given to animals as feed ingredients, both contribute to assimilation. Rapeseed skin has a feature that it can be used as a feed ingredient even if the oil content is high. The present inventors have discovered the value of rapeseed skin as a feed ingredient. The present inventors have also found that the utility value of rapeseed skin can be improved by adjusting the particle size shown below. That is, the rapeseed skin of the present invention, unlike the conventional rapeseed skin, it is essential that the ratio of the particle size of 250 to 1400 μm is 80% by weight or more. The rapeseed coat prepared in this way has remarkable effects of reducing lactic acid and increasing propionic acid in animal rumen fermentation. When the particle size is 250 to 1400 μm is less than 80% by weight, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained.

The composition of the rapeseed skin of the present invention obtained by adjusting the particle size by pulverizing the rapeseed skin is the same as that of the rapeseed skin that is not adjusted in particle size. Table 4 shows the composition (water content standard) of the rapeseed skin of the present invention. The crude protein of the rapeseed skin of the present invention is usually 12 to 16% by weight, preferably 12.4 to 15.3% by weight. The crude protein of the defatted rapeseed skin is usually 12 to 14% by weight, preferably 12.4 to 13.6% by weight. The crude protein of the defatted rapeseed skin is usually 13 to 16% by weight, preferably 13.8 to 15.3% by weight. The crude fiber of the rapeseed skin of the present invention is usually 23 to 36% by weight, preferably 23.6 to 36.0% by weight. The crude fiber of the defatted rapeseed skin is usually 23 to 33% by weight, preferably 23.6 to 32.4% by weight. The crude fiber of the defatted rapeseed skin is usually 25 to 36% by weight, preferably 26.2 to 36.0% by weight.

CP: Crude protein

The rapeseed skin according to the present invention is, for example, the following steps:
(1) The rapeseed can be peeled, and (2) the peeled product obtained in step (1) can be obtained by a production method including adjusting the particle size distribution so that the particle size of 250 to 1400 μm is 80% by weight or more. .

Rapeseed usually has a particle size of 1 to 3 mm and the oil seeds are covered with skin. The method of peeling rapeseed in the step (1) is not particularly limited except that the oil component is transferred to the fruit as much as possible and is not pulverized excessively. When finely pulverized, the yield of rapeseed skin falling within the scope of the present invention is reduced, and it becomes difficult to separate the fruit from the skin. Examples of apparatuses suitable for such a molting method include an entrator-type pulverizer, a flaking roller (compressor), a centrifugal pulverizer, a rotor mill, a cutting mill, a hammer mill, a ball mill, and a pin mill. A grinding mill such as a rotary kern is too fine because the fruit and skin are ground, and the particle size distribution required by the present invention cannot be obtained. In addition, the ridged or horizontal grinding body made of gold and sand as described in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 33-6767 (for example, the grinding body of a cereal machine) grinds rapeseed seeds, so that separation of skin and fruit is sufficient. And the oil content of the rapeseed skin tends to be high.

The peeled rapeseed skin is in a mixture of fruit and skin. Separation of the fruit and the skin can be usually performed by methods such as wind selection, specific gravity separation, and sieving.

The peeled rapeseed skin usually contains about 9-14% oil by weight. The peeled rapeseed skin may be appropriately defatted. The degreasing method is based on a conventional method. The oil content after degreasing is usually 0.1 to 4.0% by weight.

The rapeseed skin peeled from rapeseed usually has a particle size of 1500 μm or more. In the step (2), the particle size distribution of the peeled product is adjusted so that the ratio of the particle size of 250 to 1400 μm is 80% by weight or more, preferably 90% or more.

The method for adjusting the particle size distribution is not particularly limited, but is usually pulverized. Examples of a pulverizer suitable for pulverization include a centrifugal pulverizer, a rotor mill, a cutting mill, a hammer mill, a ball mill, and a pin mill. The pulverized product as used herein means, for example, a product having a sieve opening of 850 μm and 50% by weight or less and / or a sieve opening of 710 μm and 60% by weight or less.

When crushing rapeseed coat, a screen may be used as appropriate. For example, when a screen having an opening diameter of 1 mm is attached to the subsequent stage of the centrifugal pulverizer, the rapeseed skin particle size passing through the screen becomes finer than that without the screen.

The rapeseed skin of the present invention adjusted so that the ratio of the particle size 250 to 1400 μm is 80% by weight or more is crushed by applying pressure, extruded by a pelletizer, pelleter, pellet mill, extruder, expander, expander, etc. It can be compressed. As for the size of the compressed product, the diameter or width in the direction perpendicular to the direction of extrusion is usually 2 to 6 mm. Once the crushed rapeseed skin is recompressed, it can be easily chewed when a feed containing the rapeseed skin is provided to an animal, and thus can be used in the same manner as the rapeseed skin of the present invention. The form after compression is, for example, a pellet, briquette or powder. Pellets and powders are preferable in terms of ease of mixing into feed, handling, storage, and the like.

The present invention also provides a feed containing the rapeseed skin of the present invention, and a method for raising livestock, comprising mixing the rapeseed skin with the feed and administering to the livestock. The content of the rapeseed skin of the present invention is appropriately changed according to the applied animal, age, and the like. The blending amount may be usually 0.1 to 100% by weight, preferably 0.9 to 22.5% by weight, more preferably 4.5 to 22.5% by weight, and particularly preferably 7.0 to 16% by weight. 0.0% by weight. When the blending amount of the rapeseed skin of the present invention in the feed is 4.5% by weight or more, an excellent feed can be obtained in that the amount of propionic acid generated is increased while the amount of lactic acid generated is suppressed.

The feed raw material contained in the feed of the present invention includes grains such as rice, brown rice, rye, wheat, barley, corn, milo, and soybean; soybean meal, molted soybean meal, and soy protein concentrate , Isolated soy protein, soy protein isolation by-product, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, lupine seed meal, corn distillation meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, alfalfa powder, potato protein, chickpeas, peas, kidney beans, lentils, black beans Vegetable protein sources such as meat and bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, pork meal, chicken meal, skim milk powder, etc .; fats and oils such as vegetable oils, animal fats, powdered beef tallow, liver oil; lysine , Methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine and other amino acids; vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin 6, vitamins such as vitamin B12, calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, folic acid, vitamin C, biotin, choline, etc .; minerals such as zinc, calcium, selenium, iron, phosphorus; magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate Inorganic salts such as copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide, cobalt sulfate, calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, calcium phosphate, choline chloride; and pigments.

For feed, general-purpose feed additives used for preventing deterioration of feed quality, promoting effective use of nutritional components, and the like may be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples thereof include antioxidants, fungicides, binders, emulsifiers, pH adjusters, antibacterial agents, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, enzymes, viable bacteria agents, organic acids and the like.

The application target of the feed of the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes livestock and pets. Examples of livestock include cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, rabbits, chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese, squirrels, pheasants, fish and the like.

The feed of the present invention is particularly useful for ruminants such as cattle, goats and sheep in that it suppresses lactic acid and increases propionic acid in rumen fermentation.

Since the rapeseed coat of the present invention suppresses lactic acid synthesis and rumen acidosis, the rapeseed coat of the present invention is mixed with feed and administered to livestock, thereby improving the breeding speed of livestock and adjusting the intestinal fermentation of livestock. And prevention of diseases of livestock. The present invention also includes a method for raising livestock, comprising mixing the rapeseed skin of the present invention with a feed raw material and administering it to livestock, and a livestock comprising mixing the rapeseed skin of the present invention with a feed raw material and administering to livestock. It is also possible to provide a method for regulating intestinal fermentation, and a method for preventing disease in livestock, which comprises mixing the rapeseed skin of the present invention with feed ingredients and administering it to livestock.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail using examples of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In order to examine the application of rapeseed skin to bovine feed, an in vitro culture test using bovine rumen solution was performed.

1. Preparation of sample Two types of rapeseed skin were prepared by subjecting rapeseed seeds to the following step (1) or steps (1) and (2).

Process (1): Peeling process 1,500 kg of rapeseed was peeled with a pressing machine, and separated into fruit and peel using a wind separator (product name: wind separator MMODEL3300, manufactured by Anzai Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). The obtained rapeseed skin was degreased by treating it with diethyl ether as a solvent by a Soxhlet method for 5 hours. The rapeseed skin obtained in step (1) is referred to as “conventional rapeseed skin product”. The composition of the conventional rapeseed skin is shown in Table 1 as defatted rapeseed skin.

Step (2): Particle size adjustment 10 g of the conventional rapeseed skin obtained in step (1) is used under an operating condition of 10,000 rpm × 10 seconds using an ultracentrifugal crusher (product name: ZM1, manufactured by Retsch). Crushed. 9.84 g of crushed rapeseed skin was obtained. The rapeseed skin that has undergone the step (2) is referred to as “rapeseed skin invention”. The composition of the rapeseed skin invention product is the same as the defatted rapeseed skin of Table 1.

Table 5 shows the particle size distribution of the rapeseed skin conventional product and the rapeseed skin invention product.

2. Cultivation experiment It was investigated whether the organic acid generated during fermentation and the amount thereof differ depending on the difference in the particle size distribution of the rapeseed coat. Specifically, a culture experiment of bovine rumen in a rapeseed skin conventional product (Comparative Example 1) and a rapeseed skin invention product (Example 1) was conducted.

In the culture experiment, an F1 bovine rumen solution having a body weight of about 400 kg was used. Cattle housed in a concrete-lined cattle bull and mixed with a commercial feed (product name: soft breeze, made by Nippon Compound Feed Co., Ltd.) and Italian ryegrass at a crude ratio of 1: 1, 2 kg / head per day I was fed. The cows were not administered with antibacterial agents for 3 weeks before and during the test. At the time of feeding in the morning, about 500 mL of rumen fluid was collected from a cow equipped with rumen fistula.

In the above-mentioned rumen solution, the conventional rapeseed skin or the invention of rapeseed skin is placed in a 20 mL vial so that it becomes 0%, 0.1% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 1.0% by weight, or 2.5% by weight. I put it in. To the vials, 5 mL of a 2-fold diluted rumen solution similar to the previous test was added, and 1% starch by weight with respect to the rumen solution was added as a fermentation substrate to all the vials. The gas phase was replaced with nitrogen gas and sealed with a butyl rubber stopper and an aluminum seal. The obtained mixed solution was statically cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. In each experimental group, the culture was performed twice. The addition amount of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.5% by weight with respect to the rumen solution is converted from the body weight of the cow and the amount of food intake, Corresponds to amounts containing 0.9%, 4.5%, 9.0% or 22.5% by weight, respectively.

The concentrations of lactic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, n-butyric acid, iso-butyric acid, succinic acid, formic acid, n-valeric acid, and iso-valeric acid were measured, and the total amount was defined as total organic acid. The relative value when the value of Blank (addition rate 0%) was 100 was determined. Table 6 shows the measurement results of total organic acids at 1% by weight of the test sample and other organic acids such as lactic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, and n-butyric acid that are important as organic acid fermentation products in rumen.

In Table 6, the total amount of organic acid generated in the rapeseed skin conventional product (Comparative Example 1) and the rapeseed skin invention product (Example 1) is almost the same. However, since the generation amounts of lactic acid and propionic acid are reversed, their fermentation patterns are clearly different. In the rapeseed skin invention product, generation of lactic acid which is not preferable for livestock is suppressed, and generation of preferable propionic acid is increased. Also, the amount of acetic acid that is preferable for livestock is higher in the rapeseed skin invention product than in the conventional rapeseed skin product. The rapeseed skin invention product also contributes to an increase in other organic acids such as n-butyric acid. Therefore, it can be said that the rapeseed skin of the present invention is excellent as a feed material.

The test results with different sample addition rates are shown in Figs. The rapeseed skin invention product of Example 1 contributes to lactic acid reduction and increase of propionic acid and acetic acid at an addition rate of 0.5% by weight or more.

From the above, the rapeseed coat in which the proportion of particles having a particle size of 250 to 1400 μm according to the present invention is adjusted to 80% by weight or more suppresses the generation of lactic acid and increases the generation amount of propionic acid and acetic acid. It can be said that it is excellent in the effective use of feed.

Claims

Rapeseed husk obtained by molting rapeseed, wherein the proportion of particles having a particle size of 250 to 1400 μm is 80% by weight or more.
The rapeseed skin according to claim 1, comprising 12 to 16% by weight of crude protein and 23 to 36% by weight of crude fiber.
The rapeseed skin according to claim 1, comprising 0.1 to 14% by weight of oil.
Feed comprising the rapeseed skin according to claim 1.
The feed according to claim 4, comprising 0.9 to 22.5% by weight of the rapeseed coat.
The feed according to claim 5, which is intended for ruminants.
A method for producing rapeseed skin, comprising a step of molting rapeseed, and a step of adjusting the ratio of particles having a particle size of 250 to 1400 μm to 80% by weight or more in the rapeseed skin obtained by molting the rapeseed.
The method for producing rapeseed skin according to claim 7, wherein the step of adjusting the particle size includes a step of pulverizing a rapeseed skin obtained by molting the rapeseed.
The method for producing rapeseed skin according to claim 7, comprising compressing the rapeseed skin whose particle size has been adjusted after the step of adjusting the particle size.
A method for raising livestock, comprising mixing the rapeseed skin according to claim 1 with a feed raw material and administering it to livestock.
A method for adjusting fermentation in the digestive tract of livestock, comprising mixing the rapeseed skin according to claim 1 with a feed raw material and administering it to livestock.
A method for preventing disease in livestock, comprising mixing the rapeseed skin according to claim 1 with feed ingredients and administering to livestock.